1
|
Hachemi Y, Perrin S, Ethel M, Julien A, Vettese J, Geisler B, Göritz C, Colnot C. Multimodal analyses of immune cells during bone repair identify macrophages as a therapeutic target in musculoskeletal trauma. Bone Res 2024; 12:56. [PMID: 39341816 PMCID: PMC11438896 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-024-00347-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal traumatic injuries (MTI) involve soft tissue lesions adjacent to a bone fracture leading to fibrous nonunion. The impact of MTI on the inflammatory response to fracture and on the immunomodulation of skeletal stem/progenitor cells (SSPCs) remains unknown. Here, we used single-nucleus transcriptomic analyses to describe the immune cell dynamics after bone fracture and identified distinct macrophage subsets with successive pro-inflammatory, pro-repair and anti-inflammatory profiles. Concurrently, SSPCs transition via a pro- and anti-inflammatory fibrogenic phase of differentiation prior to osteochondrogenic differentiation. In a preclinical MTI mouse model, the injury response of immune cells and SSPCs is disrupted leading to a prolonged pro-inflammatory phase and delayed resolution of inflammation. Macrophage depletion improves bone regeneration in MTI demonstrating macrophage involvement in fibrous nonunion. Finally, pharmacological inhibition of macrophages using the CSF1R inhibitor Pexidartinib ameliorates healing. These findings reveal the coordinated immune response of macrophages and skeletal stem/progenitor cells as a driver of bone healing and as a primary target for the treatment of trauma-associated fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Perrin
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Creteil, France
| | - Maria Ethel
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Creteil, France
| | - Anais Julien
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julia Vettese
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Creteil, France
| | | | - Christian Göritz
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Céline Colnot
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Creteil, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Perrin S, Ethel M, Bretegnier V, Goachet C, Wotawa CA, Luka M, Coulpier F, Masson C, Ménager M, Colnot C. Single nuclei transcriptomics reveal the differentiation trajectories of periosteal skeletal/stem progenitor cells in bone regeneration. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.06.23.546220. [PMID: 39211065 PMCID: PMC11361009 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.23.546220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Bone regeneration is mediated by skeletal stem/progenitor cells (SSPCs) that are mainly recruited from the periosteum after bone injury. The composition of the periosteum and the steps of SSPC activation and differentiation remain poorly understood. Here, we generated a single-nuclei atlas of the periosteum at steady-state and of the fracture site during early stages of bone repair ( https://fracture-repair-atlas.cells.ucsc.edu ). We identified periosteal SSPCs expressing stemness markers ( Pi16 and Ly6a /SCA1) and responding to fracture by adopting an injury-induced fibrogenic cell (IIFC) fate, prior to undergoing osteogenesis or chondrogenesis. We identified distinct gene cores associated with IIFCs and their engagement into osteogenesis and chondrogenesis involving Notch, Wnt and the circadian clock signaling respectively. Finally, we show that IIFCs are the main source of paracrine signals in the fracture environment, suggesting a crucial paracrine role of this transient IIFC population during fracture healing. Overall, our study provides a complete temporal topography of the early stages of fracture healing and the dynamic response of periosteal SSPCs to injury, redefining our knowledge of bone regeneration.
Collapse
|
3
|
Wareing N, Mills TW, Collum S, Wu M, Revercomb L, Girard R, Lyons M, Skaug B, Bi W, Ali MA, Koochak H, Flores AR, Yang Y, Zheng WJ, Swindell WR, Assassi S, Karmouty-Quintana H. Deletion of adipocyte Sine Oculis Homeobox Homolog 1 prevents lipolysis and attenuates skin fibrosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.22.595271. [PMID: 38826482 PMCID: PMC11142148 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.22.595271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Dermal fibrosis is a cardinal feature of systemic sclerosis (SSc) for which there are limited treatment strategies. This is in part due to our fragmented understanding of how dermal white adipose tissue (DWAT) contributes to skin fibrosis. We identified elevated sine oculis homeobox homolog 1 (SIX1) expression in SSc skin samples from the GENISOS and PRESS cohorts, the expression of which correlated with adipose-associated genes and molecular pathways. SIX1 localization studies identified increased signals in the DWAT area in SSc and in experimental models of skin fibrosis. Global and adipocyte specific Six1 deletion abrogated end-stage fibrotic gene expression and dermal adipocyte shrinkage induced by SQ bleomycin treatment. Further studies revealed a link between elevated SIX1 and increased expression of SERPINE1 and its protein PAI-1 which are known pro-fibrotic mediators. However, SIX1 deletion did not appear to affect cellular trans differentiation. Taken together these results point at SIX1 as a potential target for dermal fibrosis in SSc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Wareing
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth Houston), TX, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Houston, Houston TX, USA
| | - Tingting W Mills
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth Houston), TX, USA
| | - Scott Collum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth Houston), TX, USA
| | - Minghua Wu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Houston, Houston TX, USA
| | | | - Rene Girard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth Houston), TX, USA
| | - Marka Lyons
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Houston, Houston TX, USA
| | - Brian Skaug
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Houston, Houston TX, USA
| | - Weizhen Bi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth Houston), TX, USA
| | - Meer A. Ali
- D Bradley McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Houston, Houston TX, USA
| | - Haniyeh Koochak
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Houston, Houston TX, USA
| | - Anthony R Flores
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Houston, Houston TX, USA
| | - Yuntao Yang
- D Bradley McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Houston, Houston TX, USA
| | - W Jim Zheng
- D Bradley McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Houston, Houston TX, USA
| | - William R Swindell
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Shervin Assassi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Houston, Houston TX, USA
| | - Harry Karmouty-Quintana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth Houston), TX, USA
- Divisions of Critical Care, Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Houston, Houston TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hachemi Y, Perrin S, Ethel M, Julien A, Vettese J, Geisler B, Göritz C, Colnot C. Multimodal analyses of immune cells during bone repair identify macrophages as a therapeutic target in musculoskeletal trauma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.29.591608. [PMID: 38746344 PMCID: PMC11092472 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.29.591608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal traumatic injuries (MTI) involve soft tissue lesions adjacent to a bone fracture leading to fibrous nonunion. The impact of MTI on the inflammatory response to fracture and on the immunomodulation of skeletal stem/progenitor cells (SSPCs) remains unknown. Here, we used single cell transcriptomic analyses to describe the immune cell dynamics after bone fracture and identified distinct macrophage subsets with successive pro-inflammatory, pro-repair and anti-inflammatory profiles. Concurrently, SSPCs transition via a pro- and anti-inflammatory fibrogenic phase of differentiation prior to osteochondrogenic differentiation. In a preclinical MTI mouse model, the injury response of immune cells and SSPCs is disrupted leading to a prolonged pro-inflammatory phase and delayed resolution of inflammation. Macrophage depletion improves bone regeneration in MTI demonstrating macrophage involvement in fibrous nonunion. Finally, pharmacological inhibition of macrophages using the CSF1R inhibitor Pexidartinib ameliorates healing. These findings reveal the coordinated immune response of macrophages and skeletal stem/progenitor cells as driver of bone healing and as a primary target for the treatment of trauma-associated fibrosis. Summary Hachemi et al. report the immune cell atlas of bone repair revealing macrophages as pro-fibrotic regulators and a therapeutic target for musculoskeletal regeneration. Genetic depletion or pharmacological inhibition of macrophages improves bone healing in musculoskeletal trauma.
Collapse
|
5
|
Wei Y, Guo D, Bai Y, Liu Z, Li J, Chen Z, Shi B, Zhao Z, Hu J, Han X, Wang J, Liu X, Li S, Zhao F. Transcriptome Analysis of mRNA and lncRNA Related to Muscle Growth and Development in Gannan Yak and Jeryak. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16991. [PMID: 38069312 PMCID: PMC10707067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The production performance of Jeryak, resulting from the F1 generation of the cross between Gannan yak and Jersey cattle, exhibits a significantly superior outcome compared with that of Gannan yak. Therefore, we used an RNA-seq approach to identify differentially expressed mRNAs (DEMs) and differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) influencing muscle growth and development in Gannan yaks and Jeryaks. A total of 304 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 1819 differentially expressed mRNAs were identified based on the screening criteria of |log 2 FC| > 1 and FDR < 0.05. Among these, 132 lncRNAs and 1081 mRNAs were found to be down-regulated, while 172 lncRNAs and 738 mRNAs were up-regulated. GO and KEGG analyses showed that the identified DELs and DEMs were enriched in the entries of pathways associated with muscle growth and development. On this basis, we constructed an lncRNA-mRNA interaction network. Interestingly, two candidate DELs (MSTRG.16260.9 and MSTRG.22127.1) had targeting relationships with 16 (MYC, IGFBP5, IGFBP2, MYH4, FGF6, etc.) genes related to muscle growth and development. These results could provide a basis for further studies on the roles of lncRNAs and mRNAs in muscle growth in Gannan yaks and Jeryak breeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhidong Zhao
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Y.W.); (D.G.); (B.S.)
| | - Jiang Hu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Y.W.); (D.G.); (B.S.)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vanmunster M, Rojo-Garcia AV, Pacolet A, Jonkers I, Koppo K, Lories R, Suhr F. Prolonged mechanical muscle loading increases mechanosensor gene and protein levels and causes a moderate fast-to-slow fiber type switch in mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 135:918-931. [PMID: 37675473 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00204.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensing and subsequent mechanotransduction are indispensable for muscle plasticity. Nevertheless, a scarcity of literature exists regarding an all-encompassing understanding of the muscle mechanosensing machinery's response to prolonged loading, especially in conditions that resemble a natural physiological state of skeletal muscle. This study aimed to comprehensively explore the effects of prolonged mechanical loading on mechanosensitive components, skeletal muscle characteristics, and metabolism-related gene clusters. Twenty male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into two groups: control and prolonged mechanical loading. To induce prolonged mechanical loading on the triceps brachii (TRI) and biceps brachii (BIC) muscles, a 14-day period of tail suspension was implemented. In TRI only, prolonged mechanical loading caused a mild fast-to-slow fiber type shift together with increased mechanosensor gene and protein levels. It also increased transcription factors associated with slow muscle fibers while decreasing those related to fast-type muscle gene expression. Succinate dehydrogenase activity, a marker of muscle oxidative capacity, and genes involved in oxidative and mitochondrial turnover increased, whereas glycolytic-related genes decreased. Moreover, prolonged mechanical loading stimulated markers of muscle protein synthesis. Taken together, our data show a collective muscle-specific increase in mechanosensor gene and protein levels upon a period of prolonged mechanical loading in conditions that reflect a more natural physiological state of skeletal muscle in mice. We provide additional proof-of-concept that prolonged tail suspension-induced loading of the forelimbs triggers a muscle-specific fast-to-slow fiber type switch, and this coincides with increased protein synthesis-related signaling.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study provides a comprehensive overview of the effects of prolonged loading on mechanosensitive components in conditions that better reflect the natural physiological state of skeletal muscle. Although the muscle mechanosensing machinery has been widely acknowledged for its responsiveness to altered loading, an inclusive understanding of its response to prolonged loading remains scarce. Our results show a fast-to-slow fiber type shift and an upregulation of mechanosensor gene and protein levels following prolonged loading.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Vanmunster
- Department of Movement Sciences, Exercise Physiology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Alexander Pacolet
- Department of Movement Sciences, Exercise Physiology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ilse Jonkers
- Department of Movement Sciences, Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien Koppo
- Department of Movement Sciences, Exercise Physiology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik Lories
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank Suhr
- Department of Movement Sciences, Exercise Physiology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kurland JV, Cutler AA, Stanley JT, Betta ND, Van Deusen A, Pawlikowski B, Hall M, Antwine T, Russell A, Allen MA, Dowell R, Olwin B. Aging disrupts gene expression timing during muscle regeneration. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:1325-1339. [PMID: 37315524 PMCID: PMC10277839 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle function and regenerative capacity decline during aging, yet factors driving these changes are incompletely understood. Muscle regeneration requires temporally coordinated transcriptional programs to drive myogenic stem cells to activate, proliferate, fuse to form myofibers, and to mature as myonuclei, restoring muscle function after injury. We assessed global changes in myogenic transcription programs distinguishing muscle regeneration in aged mice from young mice by comparing pseudotime trajectories from single-nucleus RNA sequencing of myogenic nuclei. Aging-specific differences in coordinating myogenic transcription programs necessary for restoring muscle function occur following muscle injury, likely contributing to compromised regeneration in aged mice. Differences in pseudotime alignment of myogenic nuclei when comparing aged with young mice via dynamic time warping revealed pseudotemporal differences becoming progressively more severe as regeneration proceeds. Disruptions in timing of myogenic gene expression programs may contribute to incomplete skeletal muscle regeneration and declines in muscle function as organisms age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse V Kurland
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Alicia A Cutler
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Jacob T Stanley
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Nicole Dalla Betta
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Ashleigh Van Deusen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Edgewise Therapeutics, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Brad Pawlikowski
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Department of Pediatrics Section of Section of Hematology, Oncology, Bone Marrow Transplant, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Monica Hall
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59718, USA
| | - Tiffany Antwine
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Alan Russell
- Edgewise Therapeutics, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Mary Ann Allen
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Robin Dowell
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO 80303, USA.
| | - Bradley Olwin
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wurmser M, Madani R, Chaverot N, Backer S, Borok M, Dos Santos M, Comai G, Tajbakhsh S, Relaix F, Santolini M, Sambasivan R, Jiang R, Maire P. Overlapping functions of SIX homeoproteins during embryonic myogenesis. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010781. [PMID: 37267426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Four SIX homeoproteins display a combinatorial expression throughout embryonic developmental myogenesis and they modulate the expression of the myogenic regulatory factors. Here, we provide a deep characterization of their role in distinct mouse developmental territories. We showed, at the hypaxial level, that the Six1:Six4 double knockout (dKO) somitic precursor cells adopt a smooth muscle fate and lose their myogenic identity. At the epaxial level, we demonstrated by the analysis of Six quadruple KO (qKO) embryos, that SIX are required for fetal myogenesis, and for the maintenance of PAX7+ progenitor cells, which differentiated prematurely and are lost by the end of fetal development in qKO embryos. Finally, we showed that Six1 and Six2 are required to establish craniofacial myogenesis by controlling the expression of Myf5. We have thus described an unknown role for SIX proteins in the control of myogenesis at different embryonic levels and refined their involvement in the genetic cascades operating at the head level and in the genesis of myogenic stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maud Wurmser
- Université de Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Rouba Madani
- Université de Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Chaverot
- Université de Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Backer
- Université de Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Matthew Borok
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, EnvA, EFS, AP-HP, IMRB, Creteil, France
| | | | - Glenda Comai
- Stem Cells & Development, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Shahragim Tajbakhsh
- Stem Cells & Development, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Relaix
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, EnvA, EFS, AP-HP, IMRB, Creteil, France
| | - Marc Santolini
- Université de Paris Cité, Interaction Data Lab, CRI Paris, INSERM. Paris, France
| | - Ramkumar Sambasivan
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Rulang Jiang
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Pascal Maire
- Université de Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hulett RE, Kimura JO, Bolaños DM, Luo YJ, Rivera-López C, Ricci L, Srivastava M. Acoel single-cell atlas reveals expression dynamics and heterogeneity of adult pluripotent stem cells. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2612. [PMID: 37147314 PMCID: PMC10163032 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult pluripotent stem cell (aPSC) populations underlie whole-body regeneration in many distantly-related animal lineages, but how the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms compare across species is unknown. Here, we apply single-cell RNA sequencing to profile transcriptional cell states of the acoel worm Hofstenia miamia during postembryonic development and regeneration. We identify cell types shared across stages and their associated gene expression dynamics during regeneration. Functional studies confirm that the aPSCs, also known as neoblasts, are the source of differentiated cells and reveal transcription factors needed for differentiation. Subclustering of neoblasts recovers transcriptionally distinct subpopulations, the majority of which are likely specialized to differentiated lineages. One neoblast subset, showing enriched expression of the histone variant H3.3, appears to lack specialization. Altogether, the cell states identified in this study facilitate comparisons to other species and enable future studies of stem cell fate potentials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E Hulett
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Julian O Kimura
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - D Marcela Bolaños
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Yi-Jyun Luo
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Carlos Rivera-López
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Lorenzo Ricci
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Mansi Srivastava
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kadouri N, Givony T, Nevo S, Hey J, Ben Dor S, Damari G, Dassa B, Dobes J, Weichenhan D, Bähr M, Paulsen M, Haffner-Krausz R, Mall MA, Plass C, Goldfarb Y, Abramson J. Transcriptional regulation of the thymus master regulator Foxn1. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabn8144. [PMID: 36026441 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abn8144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
FOXN1 is a transcription factor critical for the development of both thymic epithelial cell (TEC) and hair follicle cell (HFC) compartments. However, mechanisms controlling its expression remain poorly understood. To address this question, we performed thorough analyses of the evolutionary conservation and chromatin status of the Foxn1 locus in different tissues and states and identified several putative cis-regulatory regions unique to TECs versus HFCs. Furthermore, experiments using genetically modified mice with specific deletions in the Foxn1 locus and additional bioinformatic analyses helped us identify key regions and transcription factors involved in either positive or negative regulation of Foxn1 in both TECs and HFCs. Specifically, we identified SIX1 and FOXN1 itself as key factors inducing Foxn1 expression in embryonic and neonatal TECs. Together, our data provide important mechanistic insights into the transcriptional regulation of the Foxn1 gene in TEC versus HFC and highlight the role of FOXN1 in its autoregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noam Kadouri
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tal Givony
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shir Nevo
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Joschka Hey
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shifra Ben Dor
- Bioinformatics Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Golda Damari
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Bareket Dassa
- Bioinformatics Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jan Dobes
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dieter Weichenhan
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marion Bähr
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michelle Paulsen
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Translational Pulmonology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Marcus A Mall
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Translational Pulmonology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Plass
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yael Goldfarb
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jakub Abramson
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wilson C, Mertens TC, Shivshankar P, Bi W, Collum SD, Wareing N, Ko J, Weng T, Naikawadi RP, Wolters PJ, Maire P, Jyothula SS, Thandavarayan RA, Ren D, Elrod ND, Wagner EJ, Huang HJ, Dickey BF, Ford HL, Karmouty-Quintana H. Sine oculis homeobox homolog 1 plays a critical role in pulmonary fibrosis. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e142984. [PMID: 35420997 PMCID: PMC9220956 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.142984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal disease with limited treatment options. The role of the developmental transcription factor Sine oculis homeobox homolog 1 (SIX1) in the pathophysiology of lung fibrosis is not known. IPF lung tissue samples and IPF-derived alveolar type II cells (AT2) showed a significant increase in SIX1 mRNA and protein levels, and the SIX1 transcriptional coactivators EYA1 and EYA2 were elevated. Six1 was also upregulated in bleomycin-treated (BLM-treated) mice and in a model of spontaneous lung fibrosis driven by deletion of Telomeric Repeat Binding Factor 1 (Trf1) in AT2 cells. Conditional deletion of Six1 in AT2 cells prevented or halted BLM-induced lung fibrosis, as measured by a significant reduction in histological burden of fibrosis, reduced fibrotic mediator expression, and improved lung function. These effects were associated with increased macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in lung epithelial cells in vivo following SIX1 overexpression in BLM-induced fibrosis. A MIF promoter-driven luciferase assay demonstrated direct binding of Six1 to the 5'-TCAGG-3' consensus sequence of the MIF promoter, identifying a likely mechanism of SIX1-driven MIF expression in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis and providing a potentially novel pathway for targeting in IPF therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cory Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth Houston), Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tinne C.J. Mertens
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth Houston), Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pooja Shivshankar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth Houston), Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Weizen Bi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth Houston), Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Scott D. Collum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth Houston), Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nancy Wareing
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth Houston), Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Junsuk Ko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth Houston), Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tingting Weng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth Houston), Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ram P. Naikawadi
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Paul J. Wolters
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Pascal Maire
- Université de Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Soma S.K. Jyothula
- Divisions of Critical Care, Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Dewei Ren
- Methodist J.C. Walter Jr. Transplant Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nathan D. Elrod
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Eric J. Wagner
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for RNA Biology, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, KMRB G.9629, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Howard J. Huang
- Methodist J.C. Walter Jr. Transplant Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Burton F. Dickey
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Heide L. Ford
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Harry Karmouty-Quintana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth Houston), Houston, Texas, USA
- Divisions of Critical Care, Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shirakawa T, Toyono T, Inoue A, Matsubara T, Kawamoto T, Kokabu S. Factors Regulating or Regulated by Myogenic Regulatory Factors in Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091493. [PMID: 35563799 PMCID: PMC9104119 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
MyoD, Myf5, myogenin, and MRF4 (also known as Myf6 or herculin) are myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs). MRFs are regarded as master transcription factors that are upregulated during myogenesis and influence stem cells to differentiate into myogenic lineage cells. In this review, we summarize MRFs, their regulatory factors, such as TLE3, NF-κB, and MRF target genes, including non-myogenic genes such as taste receptors. Understanding the function of MRFs and the physiology or pathology of satellite cells will contribute to the development of cell therapy and drug discovery for muscle-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Shirakawa
- Division of Orofacial Functions and Orthodontics, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan; (T.S.); (A.I.); (T.K.)
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan;
| | - Takashi Toyono
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan;
| | - Asako Inoue
- Division of Orofacial Functions and Orthodontics, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan; (T.S.); (A.I.); (T.K.)
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan;
| | - Takuma Matsubara
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan;
| | - Tatsuo Kawamoto
- Division of Orofacial Functions and Orthodontics, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan; (T.S.); (A.I.); (T.K.)
| | - Shoichiro Kokabu
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-93-582-1131; Fax: +81-93-285-6000
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Adachi Y, Masuda M, Sakakibara I, Uchida T, Niida Y, Mori Y, Kamei Y, Okumura Y, Ohminami H, Ohnishi K, Yamanaka-Okumura H, Nikawa T, Taketani Y. All-trans retinoic acid changes muscle fiber type via increasing GADD34 dependent on MAPK signal. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/7/e202101345. [PMID: 35318262 PMCID: PMC8960774 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
ATRA increases GADD34 expression by decreasing the expression of Six1, which down-regulates the transcriptional activity with TLE3 and increasing mRNA stability through blocking the interaction between TTP and ARE on GADD34 mRNA, resulting in muscle fiber type change. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) increases the sensitivity to unfolded protein response in differentiating leukemic blasts. The downstream transcriptional factor of PERK, a major arm of unfolded protein response, regulates muscle differentiation. However, the role of growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein 34 (GADD34), one of the downstream factors of PERK, and the effects of ATRA on GADD34 expression in muscle remain unclear. In this study, we identified ATRA increased the GADD34 expression independent of the PERK signal in the gastrocnemius muscle of mice. ATRA up-regulated GADD34 expression through the transcriptional activation of GADD34 gene via inhibiting the interaction of homeobox Six1 and transcription co-repressor TLE3 with the MEF3-binding site on the GADD34 gene promoter in skeletal muscle. ATRA also inhibited the interaction of TTP, which induces mRNA degradation, with AU-rich element on GADD34 mRNA via p-38 MAPK, resulting in the instability of GADD34 mRNA. Overexpressed GADD34 in C2C12 cells changes the type of myosin heavy chain in myotubes. These results suggest ATRA increases GADD34 expression via transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, which changes muscle fiber type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Adachi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masashi Masuda
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Iori Sakakibara
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takayuki Uchida
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuki Niida
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuki Mori
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuki Kamei
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yosuke Okumura
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Ohminami
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kohta Ohnishi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hisami Yamanaka-Okumura
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nikawa
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yutaka Taketani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hsu JY, Danis EP, Nance S, O'Brien JH, Gustafson AL, Wessells VM, Goodspeed AE, Talbot JC, Amacher SL, Jedlicka P, Black JC, Costello JC, Durbin AD, Artinger KB, Ford HL. SIX1 reprograms myogenic transcription factors to maintain the rhabdomyosarcoma undifferentiated state. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110323. [PMID: 35108532 PMCID: PMC8917510 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a pediatric muscle sarcoma characterized by expression of the myogenic lineage transcription factors (TFs) MYOD1 and MYOG. Despite high expression of these TFs, RMS cells fail to terminally differentiate, suggesting the presence of factors that alter their functions. Here, we demonstrate that the developmental TF SIX1 is highly expressed in RMS and critical for maintaining a muscle progenitor-like state. SIX1 loss induces differentiation of RMS cells into myotube-like cells and impedes tumor growth in vivo. We show that SIX1 maintains the RMS undifferentiated state by controlling enhancer activity and MYOD1 occupancy at loci more permissive to tumor growth over muscle differentiation. Finally, we demonstrate that a gene signature derived from SIX1 loss correlates with differentiation status and predicts RMS progression in human disease. Our findings demonstrate a master regulatory role of SIX1 in repression of RMS differentiation via genome-wide alterations in MYOD1 and MYOG-mediated transcription.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Y Hsu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (UC-AMC), Aurora, CO, USA; Pharmacology Graduate Program, UC-AMC, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Etienne P Danis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (UC-AMC), Aurora, CO, USA; University of Colorado Cancer Center, UC-AMC, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Stephanie Nance
- Division of Molecular Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jenean H O'Brien
- Department of Biology, College of St. Scholastica, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Annika L Gustafson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (UC-AMC), Aurora, CO, USA; Molecular Biology Graduate Program, UC-AMC, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Andrew E Goodspeed
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (UC-AMC), Aurora, CO, USA; University of Colorado Cancer Center, UC-AMC, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jared C Talbot
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Sharon L Amacher
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Joshua C Black
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (UC-AMC), Aurora, CO, USA; Pharmacology Graduate Program, UC-AMC, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - James C Costello
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (UC-AMC), Aurora, CO, USA; Pharmacology Graduate Program, UC-AMC, Aurora, CO, USA; University of Colorado Cancer Center, UC-AMC, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Adam D Durbin
- Division of Molecular Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kristin B Artinger
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, UC-AMC, Aurora, CO, USA; University of Colorado Cancer Center, UC-AMC, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Heide L Ford
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (UC-AMC), Aurora, CO, USA; Pharmacology Graduate Program, UC-AMC, Aurora, CO, USA; University of Colorado Cancer Center, UC-AMC, Aurora, CO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Girgis J, Yang D, Chakroun I, Liu Y, Blais A. Six1 promotes skeletal muscle thyroid hormone response through regulation of the MCT10 transporter. Skelet Muscle 2021; 11:26. [PMID: 34809717 PMCID: PMC8607597 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-021-00281-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Six1 transcription factor is implicated in controlling the development of several tissue types, notably skeletal muscle. Six1 also contributes to muscle metabolism and its activity is associated with the fast-twitch, glycolytic phenotype. Six1 regulates the expression of certain genes of the fast muscle program by directly stimulating their transcription or indirectly acting through a long non-coding RNA. We hypothesized that additional mechanisms of action of Six1 might be at play. METHODS A combined analysis of gene expression profiling and genome-wide location analysis data was performed. Results were validated using in vivo RNA interference loss-of-function assays followed by measurement of gene expression by RT-PCR and transcriptional reporter assays. RESULTS The Slc16a10 gene, encoding the thyroid hormone transmembrane transporter MCT10, was identified as a gene with a transcriptional enhancer directly bound by Six1 and requiring Six1 activity for full expression in adult mouse tibialis anterior, a predominantly fast-twitch muscle. Of the various thyroid hormone transporters, MCT10 mRNA was found to be the most abundant in skeletal muscle, and to have a stronger expression in fast-twitch compared to slow-twitch muscle groups. Loss-of-function of MCT10 in the tibialis anterior recapitulated the effect of Six1 on the expression of fast-twitch muscle genes and led to lower activity of a thyroid hormone receptor-dependent reporter gene. CONCLUSIONS These results shed light on the molecular mechanisms controlling the tissue expression profile of MCT10 and identify modulation of the thyroid hormone signaling pathway as an additional mechanism by which Six1 influences skeletal muscle metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Girgis
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8M5, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dabo Yang
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8M5, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Imane Chakroun
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8M5, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yubing Liu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8M5, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandre Blais
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8M5, Canada. .,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. .,University of Ottawa Centre for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection (CI3), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Esteves de Lima J, Relaix F. Master regulators of skeletal muscle lineage development and pluripotent stem cells differentiation. CELL REGENERATION 2021; 10:31. [PMID: 34595600 PMCID: PMC8484369 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-021-00093-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In vertebrates, the skeletal muscles of the body and their associated stem cells originate from muscle progenitor cells, during development. The specification of the muscles of the trunk, head and limbs, relies on the activity of distinct genetic hierarchies. The major regulators of trunk and limb muscle specification are the paired-homeobox transcription factors PAX3 and PAX7. Distinct gene regulatory networks drive the formation of the different muscles of the head. Despite the redeployment of diverse upstream regulators of muscle progenitor differentiation, the commitment towards the myogenic fate requires the expression of the early myogenic regulatory factors MYF5, MRF4, MYOD and the late differentiation marker MYOG. The expression of these genes is activated by muscle progenitors throughout development, in several waves of myogenic differentiation, constituting the embryonic, fetal and postnatal phases of muscle growth. In order to achieve myogenic cell commitment while maintaining an undifferentiated pool of muscle progenitors, several signaling pathways regulate the switch between proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts. The identification of the gene regulatory networks operating during myogenesis is crucial for the development of in vitro protocols to differentiate pluripotent stem cells into myoblasts required for regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Frédéric Relaix
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, EnvA, EFS, AP-HP, IMRB, 94010, Creteil, France.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Saclier M, Ben Larbi S, My Ly H, Moulin E, Mounier R, Chazaud B, Juban G. Interplay between myofibers and pro-inflammatory macrophages controls muscle damage in mdx mice. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:272022. [PMID: 34471933 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a genetic muscle disease characterized by chronic inflammation and fibrosis mediated by a pro-fibrotic macrophage population expressing pro-inflammatory markers. Our aim was to characterize cellular events leading to the alteration of macrophage properties and to modulate macrophage inflammatory status using the gaseous mediator hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Using co-culture experiments, we first showed that myofibers derived from mdx mice strongly skewed the polarization of resting macrophages towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Treatment of mdx mice with NaHS, an H2S donor, reduced the number of pro-inflammatory macrophages in skeletal muscle, which was associated with a decreased number of nuclei per fiber, as well as reduced myofiber branching and fibrosis. Finally, we established the metabolic sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) as a critical NaHS target in muscle macrophages. These results identify an interplay between myofibers and macrophages where dystrophic myofibers contribute to the maintenance of a highly inflammatory environment sustaining a pro-inflammatory macrophage status, which in turn favors myofiber damage, myofiber branching and establishment of fibrosis. Our results also highlight the use of H2S donors as a potential therapeutic strategy to improve the dystrophic muscle phenotype by dampening chronic inflammation. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marielle Saclier
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sabrina Ben Larbi
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Ha My Ly
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Eugénie Moulin
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Rémi Mounier
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Bénédicte Chazaud
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Gaëtan Juban
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Xia Q, Ling X, Wang Z, Shen T, Chen M, Mao D, Ma X, Ning J, Zhang H, Chen D, Gu Q, Shen H, Yan J. Lateral rectus muscle differentiation potential in paralytic esotropia patients. BMC Ophthalmol 2021; 21:235. [PMID: 34044792 PMCID: PMC8161593 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-021-01994-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose and background Recently, we found that maximal medial rectus recession and lateral rectus resection in patients with complete lateral rectus paralysis resulted in a partial restoration of abduction. In an attempt to understand some of the mechanisms involved with this effect we examined gene expression profiles of lateral recti from these patients, with our focus being directed to genes related to myogenesis. Materials and methods Lateral recti resected from patients with complete lateral rectus paralysis and those from concomitant esotropia (controls) were collected. Differences in gene expression profiles between these two groups were examined using microarray analysis and quantitative Reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Results A total of 3056 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between these two groups. Within the paralytic esotropia group, 2081 genes were up-regulated and 975 down-regulated. The results of RT-PCR revealed that PAX7, MYOG, PITX1, SIX1 and SIX4 showed higher levels of expression, while that of MYOD a lower level of expression within the paralytic esotropia group as compared with that in the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion The decreased expression of MYOD in the paralytic esotropia group suggested that extraocular muscle satellite cell (EOMSCs) differentiation processes were inhibited. Whereas the high expression levels of PAX7, SIX1/4 and MYOG, suggested that the EOMSCs were showing an effective potential for differentiation. The stimulation resulting from muscle surgery may induce EOMSCs to differentiate and thus restore abduction function. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12886-021-01994-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xiangtian Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zhonghao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Tao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Minghao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Danyi Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xinqi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jie Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Dongli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Qiong Gu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Huangxuan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China. .,Biobank of Eye, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Jianhua Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Blackburn DM, Lazure F, Soleimani VD. SMART approaches for genome-wide analyses of skeletal muscle stem and niche cells. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 56:284-300. [PMID: 33823731 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2021.1908950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Muscle stem cells (MuSCs) also called satellite cells are the building blocks of skeletal muscle, the largest tissue in the human body which is formed primarily of myofibers. While MuSCs are the principal cells that directly contribute to the formation of the muscle fibers, their ability to do so depends on critical interactions with a vast array of nonmyogenic cells within their niche environment. Therefore, understanding the nature of communication between MuSCs and their niche is of key importance to understand how the skeletal muscle is maintained and regenerated after injury. MuSCs are rare and therefore difficult to study in vivo within the context of their niche environment. The advent of single-cell technologies, such as switching mechanism at 5' end of the RNA template (SMART) and tagmentation based technologies using hyperactive transposase, afford the unprecedented opportunity to perform whole transcriptome and epigenome studies on rare cells within their niche environment. In this review, we will delve into how single-cell technologies can be applied to the study of MuSCs and muscle-resident niche cells and the impact this can have on our understanding of MuSC biology and skeletal muscle regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darren M Blackburn
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Felicia Lazure
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Vahab D Soleimani
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chronological Expression of PITX2 and SIX1 Genes and the Association between Their Polymorphisms and Chicken Meat Quality Traits. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020445. [PMID: 33567786 PMCID: PMC7916052 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Meat quality is closely related to the development of skeletal muscle, in which PITX2 and SIX1 genes play important regulatory roles. The present study firstly provided the data of chronological expression files of PITX2 and SIX1 genes in the post-hatching pectoral muscle and analyzed the association of their polymorphisms with the meat quality traits of Wuliang Mountain Black-bone (WLMB) chickens. The results showed that both PITX2 and SIX1 genes were weakly expressed in the second and third weeks, and then increased significantly from the third week to the fourth week. Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between the expression levels of the two genes. Twelve and one SNPs were detected in the chicken PITX2 and SIX1 genes, respectively, of which four SNPs (g.9830C > T, g.10073C > T, g.13335G > A, g.13726A > G) of the PITX2 gene and one SNP (g.564G > A) of the SIX1 gene were significantly associated with chicken meat quality traits. For the PITX2 gene, chickens with the CT genotype of g.9830C > T showed the highest meat color L*, shear force (SF), pH, and the lowest electrical conductivity (EC), and drip loss (DL) (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01); chickens with the CC genotype of g.10073C > T had the lowest L*, pH, and the highest DL (p < 0.01). For the SIX1 gene, chickens with the GG genotype of g.564G > A had the highest (p < 0.05) SF and pH. Furthermore, pH had a significant correlation with all the other meat quality traits. The current study could contribute to the research of regulatory mechanisms of meat quality and lay the foundation for improving meat quality based on marker-assisted selection in chickens.
Collapse
|
21
|
Girardi F, Taleb A, Ebrahimi M, Datye A, Gamage DG, Peccate C, Giordani L, Millay DP, Gilbert PM, Cadot B, Le Grand F. TGFβ signaling curbs cell fusion and muscle regeneration. Nat Commun 2021; 12:750. [PMID: 33531466 PMCID: PMC7854756 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20289-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle cell fusion is a multistep process involving cell migration, adhesion, membrane remodeling and actin-nucleation pathways to generate multinucleated myotubes. However, molecular brakes restraining cell-cell fusion events have remained elusive. Here we show that transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) pathway is active in adult muscle cells throughout fusion. We find TGFβ signaling reduces cell fusion, regardless of the cells' ability to move and establish cell-cell contacts. In contrast, inhibition of TGFβ signaling enhances cell fusion and promotes branching between myotubes in mouse and human. Exogenous addition of TGFβ protein in vivo during muscle regeneration results in a loss of muscle function while inhibition of TGFβR2 induces the formation of giant myofibers. Transcriptome analyses and functional assays reveal that TGFβ controls the expression of actin-related genes to reduce cell spreading. TGFβ signaling is therefore requisite to limit mammalian myoblast fusion, determining myonuclei numbers and myofiber size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Girardi
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS974, Association Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Anissa Taleb
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS974, Association Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Majid Ebrahimi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S3G9, Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, ON, M5S3E1, Canada
| | - Asiman Datye
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S3G9, Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, ON, M5S3E1, Canada
| | - Dilani G Gamage
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Cécile Peccate
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS974, Association Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Lorenzo Giordani
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS974, Association Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Douglas P Millay
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Penney M Gilbert
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S3G9, Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, ON, M5S3E1, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S3G5, Canada
| | - Bruno Cadot
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS974, Association Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Fabien Le Grand
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS974, Association Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013, Paris, France.
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217, 69008, Lyon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Konagaya Y, Takakura K, Sogabe M, Bisaria A, Liu C, Meyer T, Sehara-Fujisawa A, Matsuda M, Terai K. Intravital imaging reveals cell cycle-dependent myogenic cell migration during muscle regeneration. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:3167-3181. [PMID: 33131406 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1838779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During muscle regeneration, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) promotes both proliferation and migration. However, the relationship between proliferation and migration is poorly understood in this context. To elucidate this complex relationship on a physiological level, we established an intravital imaging system for measuring ERK activity, migration speed, and cell-cycle phases in mouse muscle satellite cell-derived myogenic cells. We found that in vivo, ERK is maximally activated in myogenic cells two days after injury, and this is then followed by increases in cell number and motility. With limited effects of ERK activity on migration on an acute timescale, we hypothesized that ERK increases migration speed in the later phase by promoting cell-cycle progression. Our cell-cycle analysis further revealed that in myogenic cells, ERK activity is critical for G1/S transition, and cells migrate more rapidly in S/G2 phase 3 days after injury. Finally, migration speed of myogenic cells was suppressed after CDK1/2-but not CDK1-inhibitor treatment, demonstrating a critical role of CDK2 in myogenic cell migration. Overall, our study demonstrates that in myogenic cells, the ERK-CDK2 axis promotes not only G1/S transition but also migration, thus providing a novel mechanism for efficient muscle regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Konagaya
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA, USA.,Laboratory of Bioimaging and Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University , Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kanako Takakura
- Imaging Platform for Spatio-Temporal Regulation, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto, Japan
| | - Maina Sogabe
- Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute of Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University , Kyoto, Japan
| | - Anjali Bisaria
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chad Liu
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tobias Meyer
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Atsuko Sehara-Fujisawa
- Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute of Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University , Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michiyuki Matsuda
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University , Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Pathology and Biology of Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenta Terai
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University , Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wurmser M, Chaverot N, Madani R, Sakai H, Negroni E, Demignon J, Saint-Pierre B, Mouly V, Amthor H, Tapscott S, Birchmeier C, Tajbakhsh S, Le Grand F, Sotiropoulos A, Maire P. SIX1 and SIX4 homeoproteins regulate PAX7+ progenitor cell properties during fetal epaxial myogenesis. Development 2020; 147:dev.185975. [PMID: 32591430 DOI: 10.1242/dev.185975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Pax7 expression marks stem cells in developing skeletal muscles and adult satellite cells during homeostasis and muscle regeneration. The genetic determinants that control the entrance into the myogenic program and the appearance of PAX7+ cells during embryogenesis are poorly understood. SIX homeoproteins are encoded by the sine oculis-related homeobox Six1-Six6 genes in vertebrates. Six1, Six2, Six4 and Six5 are expressed in the muscle lineage. Here, we tested the hypothesis that Six1 and Six4 could participate in the genesis of myogenic stem cells. We show that fewer PAX7+ cells occupy a satellite cell position between the myofiber and its associated basal lamina in Six1 and Six4 knockout mice (s1s4KO) at E18. However, PAX7+ cells are detected in remaining muscle masses present in the epaxial region of the double mutant embryos and are able to divide and contribute to muscle growth. To further characterize the properties of s1s4KO PAX7+ cells, we analyzed their transcriptome and tested their properties after transplantation in adult regenerating tibialis anterior muscle. Mutant stem cells contribute to hypotrophic myofibers that are not innervated but retain the ability to self-renew.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maud Wurmser
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, 24 rue du Fg St Jacques, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Chaverot
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, 24 rue du Fg St Jacques, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Rouba Madani
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, 24 rue du Fg St Jacques, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Hiroshi Sakai
- Division of Integrative Pathophysiology, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.,Stem Cells and Development, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Elisa Negroni
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Myologie, INSERM, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Josiane Demignon
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, 24 rue du Fg St Jacques, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Saint-Pierre
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, 24 rue du Fg St Jacques, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Mouly
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Myologie, INSERM, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Helge Amthor
- INSERM U1179, LIA BAHN CSM, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | | | | | - Shahragim Tajbakhsh
- Stem Cells and Development, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Fabien Le Grand
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, 24 rue du Fg St Jacques, F-75014 Paris, France.,Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Athanassia Sotiropoulos
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, 24 rue du Fg St Jacques, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Pascal Maire
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, 24 rue du Fg St Jacques, F-75014 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
SIX1 cooperates with RUNX1 and SMAD4 in cell fate commitment of Müllerian duct epithelium. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:3307-3320. [PMID: 32572167 PMCID: PMC7852590 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-0579-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During female mammal reproductive tract development, epithelial cells of the lower Müllerian duct are committed to become stratified squamous epithelium of the vagina and ectocervix, when the expression of ΔNp63 transcription factor is induced by mesenchymal cells. The absence of ΔNp63 expression leads to adenosis, the putative precursor of vaginal adenocarcinoma. Our previous studies with genetically engineered mouse models have established that fibroblast growth factor (FGF)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)/SMAD, and activin A/runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) signaling pathways are independently required for ΔNp63 expression in Müllerian duct epithelium (MDE). Here, we report that sine oculis homeobox homolog 1 (SIX1) plays a critical role in the activation of ΔNp63 locus in MDE as a downstream transcription factor of mesenchymal signals. In the developing mouse reproductive tract, SIX1 expression was restricted to MDE within the future cervix and vagina. SIX1 expression was totally absent in SMAD4 null MDE and was reduced in RUNX1 null and FGFR2 null MDE, indicating that SIX1 is under the control of vaginal mesenchymal factors: BMP4, activin A and FGF7/10. Furthermore, Six1, Runx1, and Smad4 gene-dose-dependently activated ΔNp63 expression in MDE within the vaginal fornix. Using a mouse model of diethylstilbestrol (DES)-associated vaginal adenosis, we found DES action through epithelial estrogen receptor α (ESR1) inhibits activation of ΔNp63 locus in MDE by transcriptionally repressing SIX1 and RUNX1 in the vaginal fornix.
Collapse
|
25
|
Maire P, Dos Santos M, Madani R, Sakakibara I, Viaut C, Wurmser M. Myogenesis control by SIX transcriptional complexes. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 104:51-64. [PMID: 32247726 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SIX homeoproteins were first described in Drosophila, where they participate in the Pax-Six-Eya-Dach (PSED) network with eyeless, eyes absent and dachsund to drive synergistically eye development through genetic and biochemical interactions. The role of the PSED network and SIX proteins in muscle formation in vertebrates was subsequently identified. Evolutionary conserved interactions with EYA and DACH proteins underlie the activity of SIX transcriptional complexes (STC) both during embryogenesis and in adult myofibers. Six genes are expressed throughout muscle development, in embryonic and adult proliferating myogenic stem cells and in fetal and adult post-mitotic myofibers, where SIX proteins regulate the expression of various categories of genes. In vivo, SIX proteins control many steps of muscle development, acting through feedforward mechanisms: in the embryo for myogenic fate acquisition through the direct control of Myogenic Regulatory Factors; in adult myofibers for their contraction/relaxation and fatigability properties through the control of genes involved in metabolism, sarcomeric organization and calcium homeostasis. Furthermore, during development and in the adult, SIX homeoproteins participate in the genesis and the maintenance of myofibers diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Maire
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, 75014, Paris, France.
| | | | - Rouba Madani
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Iori Sakakibara
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Camille Viaut
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Maud Wurmser
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB), Umeå universitet, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Skeletal muscle cells contain hundreds of myonuclei within a shared cytoplasm, presenting unique challenges for regulating gene expression. Certain transcriptional programs (e.g., postsynaptic machinery) are segregated to specialized domains, while others (e.g., contractile proteins) do not show spatial confinement. Furthermore, local stimuli, such as denervation, can induce transcriptional responses that are propagated along the muscle cells. Regulated transport of nuclear proteins (e.g., transcription factors) between myonuclei represents a potential mechanism for coordinating gene expression. However, the principles underlying the transport of nuclear proteins within multinucleated cells remain poorly defined. Here we used a mosaic transfection model to create myotubes that contained exactly one myonucleus expressing a fluorescent nuclear reporter and monitored its distribution among all myonuclei. We found that the transport properties of these model nuclear proteins in myotubes depended on molecular weight and nuclear import rate, as well as on myotube width. Interestingly, muscle hypertrophy increased the transport of high molecular weight nuclear proteins, while atrophy restricted the transport of smaller nuclear proteins. We have developed a mathematical model of nuclear protein transport within a myotube that recapitulates the results of our in vitro experiments. To test the relevance to nuclear proteins expressed in skeletal muscle, we studied the transport of two transcription factors-aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator and sine oculis homeobox 1-and found that their distributions were similar to the reporter proteins with corresponding molecular weights. Together, these results define a set of variables that can be used to predict the spatial distributions of nuclear proteins within a myotube.
Collapse
|
27
|
Suen AA, Jefferson WN, Wood CE, Williams CJ. SIX1 Regulates Aberrant Endometrial Epithelial Cell Differentiation and Cancer Latency Following Developmental Estrogenic Chemical Exposure. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:2369-2382. [PMID: 31597742 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Early-life exposure to estrogenic chemicals can increase cancer risk, likely by disrupting normal patterns of cellular differentiation. Female mice exposed neonatally to the synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES) develop metaplastic and neoplastic uterine changes as adults. Abnormal endometrial glands express the oncofetal protein sine oculis homeobox 1 (SIX1) and contain cells with basal [cytokeratin (CK)14+/18-] and poorly differentiated features (CK14+/18+), strongly associating SIX1 with aberrant differentiation and cancer. Here, we tested whether SIX1 expression is necessary for abnormal endometrial differentiation and DES-induced carcinogenesis by using Pgr-cre to generate conditional knockout mice lacking uterine Six1 (Six1 d/d). Interestingly, corn oil (CO) vehicle-treated Six1 d/d mice develop focal endometrial glandular dysplasia and features of carcinoma in situ as compared with CO wild-type Six1 (Six1 +/+) mice. Furthermore, Six1 d/d mice neonatally exposed to DES had a 42% higher incidence of endometrial cancer relative to DES Six1 +/+ mice. Although DES Six1 d/d mice had >10-fold fewer CK14+/18- basal cells within the uterine horns as compared with DES Six1 +/+ mice, the appearance of CK14+/18+ cells remained a feature of neoplastic lesions. These findings suggest that SIX1 is required for normal endometrial epithelial differentiation, CK14+/18+ cells act as a cancer progenitor population, and SIX1 delays DES-induced endometrial carcinogenesis by promoting basal differentiation of CK14+/18+ cells. In human endometrial biopsies, 35% of malignancies showed CK14+/18+ expression, which positively correlated with tumor stage and grade and was not present in normal endometrium. IMPLICATIONS: Aberrant epithelial differentiation is a key feature in both the DES mouse model of endometrial cancer and human endometrial cancer. The association of CK14+/18+ cells with human endometrial cancer provides a novel cancer biomarker and could lead to new therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alisa A Suen
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. .,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) participant in the Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Wendy N Jefferson
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Charles E Wood
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Carmen J Williams
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Song T, Sadayappan S. Featured characteristics and pivotal roles of satellite cells in skeletal muscle regeneration. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2019; 41:341-353. [PMID: 31494813 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-019-09553-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle, the essential organ for locomotion, as well as energy reservoir and expenditure, has robust regenerative capacity in response to mechanical stress and injury. As muscle-specific stem cells, satellite cells are responsible for providing new myoblasts during the process of muscle growth and regeneration. Self-renewal capacity and the fate of satellite cells are highly regulated and influenced by their surrounding factors, such as extracellular matrix and soluble proteins. The strong myogenic potential of satellite cells makes them a potential resource for stem cell therapy to cure genetic muscle disease and repair injured muscle. Here, we both review key features of satellite cells during skeletal muscle development and regeneration and summarize recent outcomes of satellite cell transplantation studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taejeong Song
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
| | - Sakthivel Sadayappan
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Master control: transcriptional regulation of mammalian Myod. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2019; 40:211-226. [PMID: 31301002 PMCID: PMC6726840 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-019-09538-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
MYOD is a master regulator of the skeletal myogenic program. But what regulates expression of Myod? More than 20 years ago, studies established that Myod expression is largely controlled by just two enhancer regions located within a region 24 kb upstream of the transcription start site in mammals, which regulate Myod expression in the embryo, fetus and adult. Despite this apparently simple arrangement, Myod regulation is complex, with different combinations of transcription factors acting on these enhancers in different muscle progenitor cells and phases of differentiation. A range of epigenetic modifications in the Myod upstream region also play a part in activating and repressing Myod expression during development and regeneration. Here the evidence for this binding at Myod control regions is summarized, giving an overview of our current understanding of Myod expression regulation in mammals.
Collapse
|
30
|
Liu Z, Li C, Xu J, Lan Y, Liu H, Li X, Maire P, Wang X, Jiang R. Crucial and Overlapping Roles of Six1 and Six2 in Craniofacial Development. J Dent Res 2019; 98:572-579. [PMID: 30905259 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519835204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SIX1 and SIX2 encode closely related transcription factors of which disruptions have been associated with distinct craniofacial syndromes, with mutations in SIX1 associated with branchiootic syndrome 3 (BOS3) and heterozygous deletions of SIX2 associated with frontonasal dysplasia defects. Whereas mice deficient in Six1 recapitulated most of the developmental defects associated with BOS3, mice lacking Six2 function had no obvious frontonasal defects. We show that Six1 and Six2 exhibit partly overlapping patterns of expression in the developing mouse embryonic frontonasal, maxillary, and mandibular processes. We found that Six1 -/- Six2 -/- double-mutant mice were born with severe craniofacial deformity not seen in the Six1 -/- or Six2 -/- single mutants, including skull bone agenesis, midline facial cleft, and syngnathia. Moreover, whereas Six1 -/- mice exhibited partial transformation of maxillary zygomatic bone into a mandibular condyle-like structure, Six1 -/-Six2 +/- mice exhibit significantly increased penetrance of the maxillary malformation. In addition to ectopic Dlx5 expression at the maxillary-mandibular junction as recently reported in E10.5 Six1 -/- embryos, the E10.5 Six1 -/- Six2 +/- embryos showed ectopic expression of Bmp4, Msx1, and Msx2 messenger RNAs in the maxillary-mandibular junction. Genetically inactivating 1 allele of either Ednra or Bmp4 significantly reduced the penetrance of maxillary malformation in both Six1 -/- and Six1 -/- Six2 +/- embryos, indicating that Six1 and Six2 regulate both endothelin and bone morphogenetic protein-4 signaling pathways to pattern the facial structures. Furthermore, we show that neural crest-specific inactivation of Six1 in Six2 -/- embryos resulted in midline facial cleft and frontal bone agenesis. We show that Six1 -/- Six2 -/- embryos exhibit significantly reduced expression of key frontonasal development genes Alx1 and Alx3 as well as increased apoptosis in the developing frontonasal mesenchyme. Together, these results indicate that Six1 and Six2 function partly redundantly to control multiple craniofacial developmental processes and play a crucial neural crest cell-autonomous role in frontonasal morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Liu
- 1 Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,2 Department of Oral & Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - C Li
- 1 Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - J Xu
- 1 Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Y Lan
- 1 Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,3 Division of Plastic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,4 Departments of Pediatrics and Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - H Liu
- 1 Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - X Li
- 5 Departments of Urology and Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P Maire
- 6 INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - X Wang
- 2 Department of Oral & Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - R Jiang
- 1 Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,3 Division of Plastic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,4 Departments of Pediatrics and Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ndiaye PD, Dufies M, Giuliano S, Douguet L, Grépin R, Durivault J, Lenormand P, Glisse N, Mintcheva J, Vouret-Craviari V, Mograbi B, Wurmser M, Ambrosetti D, Rioux-Leclercq N, Maire P, Pagès G. VEGFC acts as a double-edged sword in renal cell carcinoma aggressiveness. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:661-675. [PMID: 30809300 PMCID: PMC6376471 DOI: 10.7150/thno.27794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic zones are common features of metastatic tumors. Due to inactivation of the von Hippel-Lindau gene (VHL), renal cell carcinomas (RCC) show constitutive stabilization of the alpha subunit of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). Thus, RCC represents a model of chronic hypoxia. Development of the lymphatic network is dependent on vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC) and lies at the front line of metastatic spreading. Here, we addressed the role of VEGFC in RCC aggressiveness and the regulation of its expression in hypoxia. Methods: Transcriptional and post transcriptional regulation of VEGFC expression was evaluated by qPCR and with reporter genes. The involvement of HIF was evaluated using a siRNA approach. Experimental RCC were performed with immuno-competent/deficient mice using human and mouse cells knocked-out for the VEGFC gene by a CRISPR/Cas9 method. The VEGFC axis was analyzed with an online available data base (TCGA) and using an independent cohort of patients. Results: Hypoxia induced VEGFC protein expression but down-regulated VEGFC gene transcription and mRNA stability. Increased proliferation, migration, over-activation of the AKT signaling pathway and enhanced expression of mesenchymal markers characterized VEGFC-/- cells. VEGFC-/- cells did not form tumors in immuno-deficient mice but developed aggressive tumors in immuno-competent mice. These tumors showed down-regulation of markers of activated lymphocytes and M1 macrophages, and up-regulation of M2 macrophages markers and programmed death ligand 1 (PDL1). Over-expression of lymphangiogenic genes including VEGFC was linked to increased disease-free and overall survival in patients with non-metastatic tumors, whereas its over-expression correlated with decreased progression-free and overall survival of metastatic patients. Conclusion: Our study revisited the admitted dogma linking VEGFC to tumor aggressiveness. We conclude that targeting VEGFC for therapy must be considered with caution.
Collapse
|
32
|
Kingsbury TJ, Kim M, Civin CI. Regulation of cancer stem cell properties by SIX1, a member of the PAX-SIX-EYA-DACH network. Adv Cancer Res 2019; 141:1-42. [PMID: 30691681 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The PAX-SIX-EYA-DACH network (PSEDN) is a central developmental transcriptional regulatory network from Drosophila to humans. The PSEDN is comprised of four conserved protein families; including paired box (PAX), sine oculis (SIX), eyes absent (EYA), and dachshund (DACH). Aberrant expression of PSEDN members, particularly SIX1, has been observed in multiple human cancers, where SIX1 expression correlates with increased aggressiveness and poor prognosis. In conjunction with its transcriptional activator EYA, the SIX1 transcription factor increases cancer stem cell (CSC) numbers and induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). SIX1 promotes multiple hallmarks and enabling characteristics of cancer via regulation of cell proliferation, senescence, apoptosis, genome stability, and energy metabolism. SIX1 also influences the tumor microenvironment, enhancing recruitment of tumor-associated macrophages and stimulating angiogenesis, to promote tumor development and progression. EYA proteins are multifunctional, possessing a transcriptional activation domain and tyrosine phosphatase activity, that each contributes to cancer stem cell properties. DACH proteins function as tumor suppressors in solid cancers, opposing the actions of SIX-EYA and reducing CSC prevalence. Multiple mechanisms can lead to increased SIX1 expression, including loss of SIX1-targeting tumor suppressor microRNAs (miRs), whose expression correlates inversely with SIX1 expression in cancer patient samples. In this review, we discuss the major mechanisms by which SIX1 confers CSC and EMT features and other important cancer cell characteristics. The roles of EYA and DACH in CSCs and cancer progression are briefly highlighted. Finally, we summarize the clinical significance of SIX1 in cancer to emphasize the potential therapeutic benefits of effective strategies to disrupt PSEDN protein interactions and functions.
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhang LS, Kang X, Lu J, Zhang Y, Wu X, Wu G, Zheng J, Tuladhar R, Shi H, Wang Q, Morlock L, Yao H, Huang LJS, Maire P, Kim J, Williams N, Xu J, Chen C, Zhang CC, Lum L. Installation of a cancer promoting WNT/SIX1 signaling axis by the oncofusion protein MLL-AF9. EBioMedicine 2019; 39:145-158. [PMID: 30528456 PMCID: PMC6354558 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosomal translocation-induced expression of the chromatin modifying oncofusion protein MLL-AF9 promotes acute myelocytic leukemia (AML). Whereas WNT/β-catenin signaling has previously been shown to support MLL-AF9-driven leukemogenesis, the mechanism underlying this relationship remains unclear. METHODS We used two novel small molecules targeting WNT signaling as well as a genetically modified mouse model that allow targeted deletion of the WNT protein chaperone Wntless (WLS) to evaluate the role of WNT signaling in AML progression. ATAC-seq and transcriptome profiling were deployed to understand the cellular consequences of disrupting a WNT signaling in leukemic initiating cells (LICs). FINDINGS We identified Six1 to be a WNT-controlled target gene in MLL-AF9-transformed leukemic initiating cells (LICs). MLL-AF9 alters the accessibility of Six1 DNA to the transcriptional effector TCF7L2, a transducer of WNT/β-catenin gene expression changes. Disruption of WNT/SIX1 signaling using inhibitors of the Wnt signaling delays the development of AML. INTERPRETATION By rendering TCF/LEF-binding elements controlling Six1 accessible to TCF7L2, MLL-AF9 promotes WNT/β-catenin-dependent growth of LICs. Small molecules disrupting WNT/β-catenin signaling block Six1 expression thereby disrupting leukemia driven by MLL fusion proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Shu Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xunlei Kang
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jianming Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yuannyu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Guojin Wu
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Junke Zheng
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rubina Tuladhar
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Heping Shi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Qiaoling Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lorraine Morlock
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Huiyu Yao
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lily Jun-Shen Huang
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Pascal Maire
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris-Descartes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR, 8104, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1016, Paris, France
| | - James Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Noelle Williams
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Chuo Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Cheng Cheng Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lawrence Lum
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
lncRNA-Six1 Is a Target of miR-1611 that Functions as a ceRNA to Regulate Six1 Protein Expression and Fiber Type Switching in Chicken Myogenesis. Cells 2018; 7:cells7120243. [PMID: 30518151 PMCID: PMC6315877 DOI: 10.3390/cells7120243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies indicate important roles for non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) as essential regulators in myogenesis, but relatively less is known about their function. In our previous study, we found that lncRNA-Six1 can regulate Six1 in cis to participate in myogenesis. Here, we studied a microRNA (miRNA) that is specifically expressed in chickens (miR-1611). Interestingly, miR-1611 was found to contain potential binding sites for both lncRNA-Six1 and Six1, and it can interact with lncRNA-Six1 to regulate Six1 expression. Overexpression of miR-1611 represses the proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts. Moreover, miR-1611 is highly expressed in slow-twitch fibers, and it drives the transformation of fast-twitch muscle fibers to slow-twitch muscle fibers. Together, these data demonstrate that miR-1611 can mediate the regulation of Six1 by lncRNA-Six1, thereby affecting proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts and transformation of muscle fiber types.
Collapse
|
35
|
Abreu P. Bioenergetics mechanisms regulating muscle stem cell self-renewal commitment and function. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:463-472. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
36
|
Pourteymour S, Hjorth M, Lee S, Holen T, Langleite TM, Jensen J, Birkeland KI, Drevon CA, Eckardt K. Dual specificity phosphatase 5 and 6 are oppositely regulated in human skeletal muscle by acute exercise. Physiol Rep 2018; 5:5/19/e13459. [PMID: 28989118 PMCID: PMC5641939 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity promotes specific adaptations in most tissues including skeletal muscle. Acute exercise activates numerous signaling cascades including pathways involving mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) such as extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, which returns to pre‐exercise level after exercise. The expression of MAPK phosphatases (MKPs) in human skeletal muscle and their regulation by exercise have not been investigated before. In this study, we used mRNA sequencing to monitor regulation of MKPs in human skeletal muscle after acute cycling. In addition, primary human myotubes were used to gain more insights into the regulation of MKPs. The two ERK1/2‐specific MKPs, dual specificity phosphatase 5 (DUSP5) and DUSP6, were the most regulated MKPs in skeletal muscle after acute exercise. DUSP5 expression was ninefold higher immediately after exercise and returned to pre‐exercise level within 2 h, whereas DUSP6 expression was reduced by 43% just after exercise and remained below pre‐exercise level after 2 h recovery. Cultured myotubes express both MKPs, and incubation with dexamethasone (Dex) mimicked the in vivo expression pattern of DUSP5 and DUSP6 caused by exercise. Using a MAPK kinase inhibitor, we showed that stimulation of ERK1/2 activity by Dex was required for induction of DUSP5. However, maintaining basal ERK1/2 activity was required for basal DUSP6 expression suggesting that the effect of Dex on DUSP6 might involve an ERK1/2‐independent mechanism. We conclude that the altered expression of DUSP5 and DUSP6 in skeletal muscle after acute endurance exercise might affect ERK1/2 signaling of importance for adaptations in skeletal muscle during exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Pourteymour
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit Hjorth
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sindre Lee
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torgeir Holen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torgrim M Langleite
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørgen Jensen
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kåre I Birkeland
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian A Drevon
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin Eckardt
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wei D, Li A, Zhao C, Wang H, Mei C, Khan R, Zan L. Transcriptional Regulation by CpG Sites Methylation in the Core Promoter Region of the Bovine SIX1 Gene: Roles of Histone H4 and E2F2. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010213. [PMID: 29337851 PMCID: PMC5796162 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is a major epigenetic modification of the genome and has an essential role in muscle development. The SIX1 gene is thought to play a principal role in mediating skeletal muscle development. In the present study, we determined that bovine SIX1 expression levels were significantly higher in the fetal bovine group (FB) and in undifferentiated Qinchuan cattle muscle cells (QCMCs) than in the adult bovine group (AB) and in differentiated QCMCs. Moreover, a bisulfite sequencing polymerase chain reaction (BSP) analysis of DNA methylation levels showed that three CpG sites in the core promoter region (−216/−28) of the bovine SIX1 gene exhibited significantly higher DNA methylation levels in the AB and differentiated QCMCs groups. In addition, we found that DNA methylation of SIX1 core promoter in vitro obviously influences the promoter activities. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, in combination with site-directed mutation and siRNA interference, demonstrated that histone H4 and E2F2 bind to the −216/−28 region and play important roles in SIX1 methylation regulation during development. The results of this study provide the foundation for a better understanding of the regulation of bovine SIX1 expression via methylation and muscle developmental in beef cattle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Anning Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Chunping Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Hongbao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Chugang Mei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Rajwali Khan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Linsen Zan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Protein arginine methyltransferase expression and activity during myogenesis. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20171533. [PMID: 29208765 PMCID: PMC6435512 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the emerging importance of protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) in regulating skeletal muscle plasticity, PRMT biology during muscle development is complex and not completely understood. Therefore, our purpose was to investigate PRMT1, -4, and -5 expression and function in skeletal muscle cells during the phenotypic remodeling elicited by myogenesis. C2C12 muscle cell maturation, assessed during the myoblast (MB) stage, and during days 1, 3, 5, and 7 of differentiation, was employed as an in vitro model of myogenesis. We observed PRMT-specific patterns of expression and activity during myogenesis. PRMT4 and -5 gene expression was unchanged, while PRMT1 mRNA and protein content were significantly induced. Cellular monomethylarginines (MMAs) and symmetric dimethylarginines (SDMAs), indicative of global and type II PRMT activities, respectively, remained steady during development, while type I PRMT activity indicator asymmetric dimethylarginines (ADMAs) increased through myogenesis. Histone 4 arginine 3 (H4R3) and H3R17 contents were elevated coincident with the myonuclear accumulation of PRMT1 and -4. Collectively, this suggests that PRMTs are methyl donors throughout myogenesis and demonstrate specificity for their protein targets. Cells were then treated with TC-E 5003 (TC-E), a selective inhibitor of PRMT1 in order to specifically examine the enzymes role during myogenic differentiation. TC-E treated cells exhibited decrements in muscle differentiation, which were consistent with attenuated mitochondrial biogenesis and respiratory function. In summary, the present study increases our understanding of PRMT1, -4, and -5 biology during the plasticity of skeletal muscle development. Our results provide evidence for a role of PRMT1, via a mitochondrially mediated mechanism, in driving the muscle differentiation program.
Collapse
|
39
|
|
40
|
Wei DW, Ma XY, Zhang S, Hong JY, Gui LS, Mei CG, Guo HF, Wang L, Ning Y, Zan LS. Characterization of the promoter region of the bovine SIX1 gene: Roles of MyoD, PAX7, CREB and MyoG. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12599. [PMID: 28974698 PMCID: PMC5626756 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12787-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The SIX1 gene belongs to the family of six homeodomain transcription factors (TFs), that regulates the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway and mediate skeletal muscle growth and regeneration. Previous studies have demonstrated that SIX1 is positively correlated with body measurement traits (BMTs). However, the transcriptional regulation of SIX1 remains unclear. In the present study, we determined that bovine SIX1 was highly expressed in the longissimus thoracis. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in bovine SIX1 regulation, 2-kb of the 5' regulatory region were obtained. Sequence analysis identified neither a consensus TATA box nor a CCAAT box in the 5' flanking region of bovine SIX1. However, a CpG island was predicted in the region -235 to +658 relative to the transcriptional start site (TSS). An electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay in combination with serial deletion constructs of the 5' flanking region, site-directed mutation and siRNA interference demonstrated that MyoD, PAX7 and CREB binding occur in region -689/-40 and play important roles in bovine SIX1 transcription. In addition, MyoG drives SIX1 transcription indirectly via the MEF3 motif. Taken together these interactions suggest a key functional role for SIX1 in mediating skeletal muscle growth in cattle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wei Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Yao Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Song- Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie-Yun Hong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Sheng Gui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,Modern Cattle Biotechnology and Application of National-Local Engineering Research Center, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chu-Gang Mei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,Modern Cattle Biotechnology and Application of National-Local Engineering Research Center, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Fang Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Li- Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue- Ning
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Sen Zan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China. .,National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China. .,Shaanxi Beef Cattle Engineering Research Center, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhang T, Xu J, Maire P, Xu PX. Six1 is essential for differentiation and patterning of the mammalian auditory sensory epithelium. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006967. [PMID: 28892484 PMCID: PMC5593176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The organ of Corti in the cochlea is a two-cell layered epithelium: one cell layer of mechanosensory hair cells that align into one row of inner and three rows of outer hair cells interdigitated with one cell layer of underlying supporting cells along the entire length of the cochlear spiral. These two types of epithelial cells are derived from common precursors in the four- to five-cell layered primordium and acquire functionally important shapes during terminal differentiation through the thinning process and convergent extension. Here, we have examined the role of Six1 in the establishment of the auditory sensory epithelium. Our data show that prior to terminal differentiation of the precursor cells, deletion of Six1 leads to formation of only a few hair cells and defective patterning of the sensory epithelium. Previous studies have suggested that downregulation of Sox2 expression in differentiating hair cells must occur after Atoh1 mRNA activation in order to allow Atoh1 protein accumulation due to antagonistic effects between Atoh1 and Sox2. Our analysis indicates that downregulation of Sox2 in the differentiating hair cells depends on Six1 activity. Furthermore, we found that Six1 is required for the maintenance of Fgf8 expression and dynamic distribution of N-cadherin and E-cadherin in the organ of Corti during differentiation. Together, our analyses uncover essential roles of Six1 in hair cell differentiation and formation of the organ of Corti in the mammalian cochlea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jinshu Xu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Pascal Maire
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Pin-Xian Xu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wei DW, Gui LS, Raza SHA, Zhang S, Khan R, Wang L, Guo HF, Zan LS. NRF1 and ZSCAN10 bind to the promoter region of the SIX1 gene and their effects body measurements in Qinchuan cattle. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7867. [PMID: 28801681 PMCID: PMC5554236 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08384-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The SIX1 homeobox gene belongs to the six homeodomain family and is widely thought to play a principal role in mediating of skeletal muscle development. In the present study, we determined that the bovine SIX1 gene was highly expressed in the longissimus thoracis and physiologically immature individuals. DNA sequencing of 428 individual Qinchuan cattle identified nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter region of the SIX1 gene. Using a series of 5′ deletion promoter plasmid luciferase reporter assays and 5′-rapid amplification of cDNA end analysis (RACE), two of these SNPs were found to be located in the proximal minimal promoter region −216/−28 relative to the transcriptional start site (TSS). Correlation analysis showed the combined haplotypes H1-H2 (-GG-GA-) was significantly greater in the body measurement traits (BMTs) than the others, which was consistent with the results showing that the transcriptional activity of Hap2 was higher than the others in Qinchuan cattle myoblast cells. Furthermore, the electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (ChIP) demonstrated that NRF1 and ZSCAN10 binding occurred in the promoter region of diplotypes H1-H2 to regulate SIX1 transcriptional activity. This information may be useful for molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS) in cattle breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wei Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,Shaanxi Beef Cattle Engineering Research Center, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Sheng Gui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,Shaanxi Beef Cattle Engineering Research Center, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Sayed Haidar Abbas Raza
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,Shaanxi Beef Cattle Engineering Research Center, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Rajwali Khan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,Shaanxi Beef Cattle Engineering Research Center, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Fang Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,Shaanxi Beef Cattle Engineering Research Center, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Sen Zan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China. .,National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China. .,Modern Cattle Biotechnology and Application of National-Local Engineering Research Center, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Theret M, Gsaier L, Schaffer B, Juban G, Ben Larbi S, Weiss-Gayet M, Bultot L, Collodet C, Foretz M, Desplanches D, Sanz P, Zang Z, Yang L, Vial G, Viollet B, Sakamoto K, Brunet A, Chazaud B, Mounier R. AMPKα1-LDH pathway regulates muscle stem cell self-renewal by controlling metabolic homeostasis. EMBO J 2017; 36:1946-1962. [PMID: 28515121 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201695273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Control of stem cell fate to either enter terminal differentiation versus returning to quiescence (self-renewal) is crucial for tissue repair. Here, we showed that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), the master metabolic regulator of the cell, controls muscle stem cell (MuSC) self-renewal. AMPKα1-/- MuSCs displayed a high self-renewal rate, which impairs muscle regeneration. AMPKα1-/- MuSCs showed a Warburg-like switch of their metabolism to higher glycolysis. We identified lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as a new functional target of AMPKα1. LDH, which is a non-limiting enzyme of glycolysis in differentiated cells, was tightly regulated in stem cells. In functional experiments, LDH overexpression phenocopied AMPKα1-/- phenotype, that is shifted MuSC metabolism toward glycolysis triggering their return to quiescence, while inhibition of LDH activity rescued AMPKα1-/- MuSC self-renewal. Finally, providing specific nutrients (galactose/glucose) to MuSCs directly controlled their fate through the AMPKα1/LDH pathway, emphasizing the importance of metabolism in stem cell fate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marine Theret
- Institut Neuromyogène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,INSERM U1217, Villeurbanne, France.,CNRS UMR 5310, Villeurbanne, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Linda Gsaier
- Institut Neuromyogène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,INSERM U1217, Villeurbanne, France.,CNRS UMR 5310, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Bethany Schaffer
- Department of Genetic and the Cancer Biology Program, University of Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gaëtan Juban
- Institut Neuromyogène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,INSERM U1217, Villeurbanne, France.,CNRS UMR 5310, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sabrina Ben Larbi
- Institut Neuromyogène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,INSERM U1217, Villeurbanne, France.,CNRS UMR 5310, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Michèle Weiss-Gayet
- Institut Neuromyogène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,INSERM U1217, Villeurbanne, France.,CNRS UMR 5310, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laurent Bultot
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, Lausanne, Switzerland.,School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Caterina Collodet
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, Lausanne, Switzerland.,School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marc Foretz
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Desplanches
- Institut Neuromyogène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,INSERM U1217, Villeurbanne, France.,CNRS UMR 5310, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Pascual Sanz
- Instituto de Biomedecina de Valencia, CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Zizhao Zang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Guillaume Vial
- INSERM U1042, Université Grenoble Alpes, La Tronche, France
| | - Benoit Viollet
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, Lausanne, Switzerland.,School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anne Brunet
- Department of Genetic and the Cancer Biology Program, University of Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bénédicte Chazaud
- Institut Neuromyogène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,INSERM U1217, Villeurbanne, France.,CNRS UMR 5310, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Rémi Mounier
- Institut Neuromyogène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France .,INSERM U1217, Villeurbanne, France.,CNRS UMR 5310, Villeurbanne, France
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Arginine Methylation by PRMT1 Regulates Muscle Stem Cell Fate. Mol Cell Biol 2017; 37:MCB.00457-16. [PMID: 27849571 PMCID: PMC5247616 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00457-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Quiescent muscle stem cells (MSCs) become activated in response to skeletal muscle injury to initiate regeneration. Activated MSCs proliferate and differentiate to repair damaged fibers or self-renew to maintain the pool and ensure future regeneration. The balance between self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation is a tightly regulated process controlled by a genetic cascade involving determinant transcription factors such as Pax7, Myf5, MyoD, and MyoG. Recently, there have been several reports about the role of arginine methylation as a requirement for epigenetically mediated control of muscle regeneration. Here we report that the protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) is expressed in MSCs and that conditional ablation of PRMT1 in MSCs using Pax7CreERT2 causes impairment of muscle regeneration. Importantly, PRMT1-deficient MSCs have enhanced cell proliferation after injury but are unable to terminate the myogenic differentiation program, leading to regeneration failure. We identify the coactivator of Six1, Eya1, as a substrate of PRMT1. We show that PRMT1 methylates Eya1 in vitro and that loss of PRMT1 function in vivo prevents Eya1 methylation. Moreover, we observe that PRMT1-deficient MSCs have reduced expression of Eya1/Six1 target MyoD due to disruption of Eya1 recruitment at the MyoD promoter and subsequent Eya1-mediated coactivation. These findings suggest that arginine methylation by PRMT1 regulates muscle stem cell fate through the Eya1/Six1/MyoD axis.
Collapse
|
45
|
Beyer S, Pontis J, Schirwis E, Battisti V, Rudolf A, Le Grand F, Ait-Si-Ali S. Canonical Wnt signalling regulates nuclear export of Setdb1 during skeletal muscle terminal differentiation. Cell Discov 2016; 2:16037. [PMID: 27790377 PMCID: PMC5067623 DOI: 10.1038/celldisc.2016.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The histone 3 lysine 9 methyltransferase Setdb1 is essential for both stem cell pluripotency and terminal differentiation of different cell types. To shed light on the roles of Setdb1 in these mutually exclusive processes, we used mouse skeletal myoblasts as a model of terminal differentiation. Ex vivo studies on isolated single myofibres showed that Setdb1 is required for adult muscle stem cells expansion following activation. In vitro studies in skeletal myoblasts confirmed that Setdb1 suppresses terminal differentiation. Genomic binding analyses showed a release of Setdb1 from selected target genes upon myoblast terminal differentiation, concomitant to a nuclear export of Setdb1 to the cytoplasm. Both genomic release and cytoplasmic Setdb1 relocalisation during differentiation were dependent on canonical Wnt signalling. Transcriptomic assays in myoblasts unravelled a significant overlap between Setdb1 and Wnt3a regulated genetic programmes. Together, our findings revealed Wnt-dependent subcellular relocalisation of Setdb1 as a novel mechanism regulating Setdb1 functions and myogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Beyer
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS-Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Epigenetics and Cell Fate UMR7216 , Paris, France
| | - Julien Pontis
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS-Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Epigenetics and Cell Fate UMR7216 , Paris, France
| | - Elija Schirwis
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris-Descartes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8104, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1016, Paris, France
| | - Valentine Battisti
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS-Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Epigenetics and Cell Fate UMR7216 , Paris, France
| | - Anja Rudolf
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris-Descartes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8104, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1016, Paris, France
| | - Fabien Le Grand
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris-Descartes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8104, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1016, Paris, France
| | - Slimane Ait-Si-Ali
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS-Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Epigenetics and Cell Fate UMR7216 , Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Baruffaldi F, Montarras D, Basile V, De Feo L, Badodi S, Ganassi M, Battini R, Nicoletti C, Imbriano C, Musarò A, Molinari S. Dynamic Phosphorylation of the Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2Cα1 Splice Variant Promotes Skeletal Muscle Regeneration and Hypertrophy. Stem Cells 2016; 35:725-738. [PMID: 27612437 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor MEF2C (Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2C) plays an established role in the early steps of myogenic differentiation. However, the involvement of MEF2C in adult myogenesis and in muscle regeneration has not yet been systematically investigated. Alternative splicing of mammalian MEF2C transcripts gives rise to two mutually exclusive protein variants: MEF2Cα2 which exerts a positive control of myogenic differentiation, and MEF2Cα1, in which the α1 domain acts as trans-repressor of the MEF2C pro-differentiation activity itself. However, MEF2Cα1 variants are persistently expressed in differentiating cultured myocytes, suggesting a role in adult myogenesis. We found that overexpression of both MEF2Cα1/α2 proteins in a mouse model of muscle injury promotes muscle regeneration and hypertrophy, with each isoform promoting different stages of myogenesis. Besides the ability of MEF2Cα2 to increase differentiation, we found that overexpressed MEF2Cα1 enhances both proliferation and differentiation of primary myoblasts, and activates the AKT/mTOR/S6K anabolic signaling pathway in newly formed myofibers. The multiple activities of MEF2Cα1 are modulated by phosphorylation of Ser98 and Ser110, two amino acid residues located in the α1 domain of MEF2Cα1. These specific phosphorylations allow the interaction of MEF2Cα1 with the peptidyl-prolyl isomerase PIN1, a regulator of MEF2C functions. Overall, in this study we established a novel regulatory mechanism in which the expression and the phosphorylation of MEF2Cα1 are critically required to sustain the adult myogenesis. The described molecular mechanism will represent a new potential target for the development of therapeutical strategies to treat muscle-wasting diseases. Stem Cells 2017;35:725-738.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiorenza Baruffaldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Didier Montarras
- Département de Biologie du Développement et Cellules Souches, Institut Pasteur (CNRS URA 2578), Paris, France
| | - Valentina Basile
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Luca De Feo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Sara Badodi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Ganassi
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, UK
| | - Renata Battini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Carmine Nicoletti
- Institute Pasteur-Cenci Bolognetti, DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, IIM, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Carol Imbriano
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonio Musarò
- Institute Pasteur-Cenci Bolognetti, DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, IIM, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Susanna Molinari
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sakakibara I, Wurmser M, Dos Santos M, Santolini M, Ducommun S, Davaze R, Guernec A, Sakamoto K, Maire P. Six1 homeoprotein drives myofiber type IIA specialization in soleus muscle. Skelet Muscle 2016; 6:30. [PMID: 27597886 PMCID: PMC5011358 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-016-0102-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult skeletal muscles are composed of slow and fast myofiber subtypes which each express selective genes required for their specific contractile and metabolic activity. Six homeoproteins are transcription factors regulating muscle cell fate through activation of myogenic regulatory factors and driving fast-type gene expression during embryogenesis. RESULTS We show here that Six1 protein accumulates more robustly in the nuclei of adult fast-type muscles than in adult slow-type muscles, this specific enrichment takes place during perinatal growth. Deletion of Six1 in soleus impaired fast-type myofiber specialization during perinatal development, resulting in a slow phenotype and a complete lack of Myosin heavy chain 2A (MyHCIIA) expression. Global transcriptomic analysis of wild-type and Six1 mutant myofibers identified the gene networks controlled by Six1 in adult soleus muscle. This analysis showed that Six1 is required for the expression of numerous genes encoding fast-type sarcomeric proteins, glycolytic enzymes and controlling intracellular calcium homeostasis. Parvalbumin, a key player of calcium buffering, in particular, is a direct target of Six1 in the adult myofiber. CONCLUSIONS This analysis revealed that Six1 controls distinct aspects of adult muscle physiology in vivo, and acts as a main determinant of fast-fiber type acquisition and maintenance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iori Sakakibara
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, 75014 France
- CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, 75014 France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75014 France
- Division of Integrative Pathophysiology, Proteo-Science Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Ehime, Japan
| | - Maud Wurmser
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, 75014 France
- CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, 75014 France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75014 France
| | - Matthieu Dos Santos
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, 75014 France
- CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, 75014 France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75014 France
| | - Marc Santolini
- Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, CNRS, Université P. et M. Curie, Université D. Diderot, École Normale Supérieure, Paris, 75005 France
| | - Serge Ducommun
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Romain Davaze
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, 75014 France
- CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, 75014 France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75014 France
| | - Anthony Guernec
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, 75014 France
- CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, 75014 France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75014 France
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Maire
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, 75014 France
- CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, 75014 France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75014 France
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Santolini M, Sakakibara I, Gauthier M, Ribas-Aulinas F, Takahashi H, Sawasaki T, Mouly V, Concordet JP, Defossez PA, Hakim V, Maire P. MyoD reprogramming requires Six1 and Six4 homeoproteins: genome-wide cis-regulatory module analysis. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:8621-8640. [PMID: 27302134 PMCID: PMC5062961 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myogenic regulatory factors of the MyoD family have the ability to reprogram differentiated cells toward a myogenic fate. In this study, we demonstrate that Six1 or Six4 are required for the reprogramming by MyoD of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Using microarray experiments, we found 761 genes under the control of both Six and MyoD. Using MyoD ChIPseq data and a genome-wide search for Six1/4 MEF3 binding sites, we found significant co-localization of binding sites for MyoD and Six proteins on over a thousand mouse genomic DNA regions. The combination of both datasets yielded 82 genes which are synergistically activated by Six and MyoD, with 96 associated MyoD+MEF3 putative cis-regulatory modules (CRMs). Fourteen out of 19 of the CRMs that we tested demonstrated in Luciferase assays a synergistic action also observed for their cognate gene. We searched putative binding sites on these CRMs using available databases and de novo search of conserved motifs and demonstrated that the Six/MyoD synergistic activation takes place in a feedforward way. It involves the recruitment of these two families of transcription factors to their targets, together with partner transcription factors, encoded by genes that are themselves activated by Six and MyoD, including Mef2, Pbx-Meis and EBF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Santolini
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris-Descartes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 8104, Paris, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1016, Paris, France Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, PSL Research University, Université Pierre-et-Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Iori Sakakibara
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris-Descartes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 8104, Paris, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1016, Paris, France Division of Integrative Pathophysiology, Proteo-Science Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Ehime, Japan
| | - Morgane Gauthier
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris-Descartes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 8104, Paris, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1016, Paris, France
| | - Francesc Ribas-Aulinas
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris-Descartes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 8104, Paris, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1016, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Vincent Mouly
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Center for Research in Myology, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Paul Concordet
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris-Descartes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 8104, Paris, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1016, Paris, France
| | | | - Vincent Hakim
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, PSL Research University, Université Pierre-et-Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Maire
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris-Descartes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 8104, Paris, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1016, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kawasaki T, Takahashi M, Yajima H, Mori Y, Kawakami K. Six1 is required for mouse dental follicle cell and human periodontal ligament-derived cell proliferation. Dev Growth Differ 2016; 58:530-45. [DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuki Kawasaki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Jichi Medical University; 3311-1, Yakushiji Shimotsuke Tochigi 329-0498 Japan
- Division of Biology; Center for Molecular Medicine; Jichi Medical University; 3311-1, Yakushiji Shimotsuke Tochigi 329-0498 Japan
| | - Masanori Takahashi
- Division of Biology; Center for Molecular Medicine; Jichi Medical University; 3311-1, Yakushiji Shimotsuke Tochigi 329-0498 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yajima
- Division of Biology; Center for Molecular Medicine; Jichi Medical University; 3311-1, Yakushiji Shimotsuke Tochigi 329-0498 Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Mori
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Jichi Medical University; 3311-1, Yakushiji Shimotsuke Tochigi 329-0498 Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kawakami
- Division of Biology; Center for Molecular Medicine; Jichi Medical University; 3311-1, Yakushiji Shimotsuke Tochigi 329-0498 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Yajima H, Kawakami K. LowSix4andSix5gene dosage improves dystrophic phenotype and prolongs life span of mdx mice. Dev Growth Differ 2016; 58:546-61. [DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yajima
- Division of Biology; Center for Molecular Medicine; Jichi Medical University; 3311-1 Yakushiji Shimotsuke Tochigi 329-0498 Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kawakami
- Division of Biology; Center for Molecular Medicine; Jichi Medical University; 3311-1 Yakushiji Shimotsuke Tochigi 329-0498 Japan
| |
Collapse
|