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Holendová B, Benáková Š, Křivonosková M, Plecitá-Hlavatá L. Redox Status as a Key Driver of Healthy Pancreatic Beta-Cells. Physiol Res 2024; 73:S139-S152. [PMID: 38647167 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Redox status plays a multifaceted role in the intricate physiology and pathology of pancreatic beta-cells, the pivotal regulators of glucose homeostasis through insulin secretion. They are highly responsive to changes in metabolic cues where reactive oxygen species are part of it, all arising from nutritional intake. These molecules not only serve as crucial signaling intermediates for insulin secretion but also participate in the nuanced heterogeneity observed within the beta-cell population. A central aspect of beta-cell redox biology revolves around the localized production of hydrogen peroxide and the activity of NADPH oxidases which are tightly regulated and serve diverse physiological functions. Pancreatic beta-cells possess a remarkable array of antioxidant defense mechanisms although considered relatively modest compared to other cell types, are efficient in preserving redox balance within the cellular milieu. This intrinsic antioxidant machinery operates in concert with redox-sensitive signaling pathways, forming an elaborate redox relay system essential for beta-cell function and adaptation to changing metabolic demands. Perturbations in redox homeostasis can lead to oxidative stress exacerbating insulin secretion defect being a hallmark of type 2 diabetes. Understanding the interplay between redox signaling, oxidative stress, and beta-cell dysfunction is paramount for developing effective therapeutic strategies aimed at preserving beta-cell health and function in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Thus, unraveling the intricate complexities of beta-cell redox biology presents exciting avenues for advancing our understanding and treatment of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Holendová
- Laboratory of Pancreatic Islet Research, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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2
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Pedre B. A guide to genetically-encoded redox biosensors: State of the art and opportunities. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 758:110067. [PMID: 38908743 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.110067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Genetically-encoded redox biosensors have become invaluable tools for monitoring cellular redox processes with high spatiotemporal resolution, coupling the presence of the redox-active analyte with a change in fluorescence signal that can be easily recorded. This review summarizes the available fluorescence recording methods and presents an in-depth classification of the redox biosensors, organized by the analytes they respond to. In addition to the fluorescent protein-based architectures, this review also describes the recent advances on fluorescent, chemigenetic-based redox biosensors and other emerging chemigenetic strategies. This review examines how these biosensors are designed, the biosensors sensing mechanism, and their practical advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandán Pedre
- Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology Unit, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Belgium.
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3
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Melo EP, El-Guendouz S, Correia C, Teodoro F, Lopes C, Martel PJ. A Conformational-Dependent Interdomain Redox Relay at the Core of Protein Disulfide Isomerase Activity. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024; 41:181-200. [PMID: 38497737 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Aims: Protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs) are a family of chaperones resident in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In addition to holdase function, some members catalyze disulfide bond formation and isomerization, a crucial step for native folding and prevention of aggregation of misfolded proteins. PDIs are characterized by an arrangement of thioredoxin-like domains, with the canonical protein disulfide isomerase A1 (PDIA1) organized as four thioredoxin-like domains forming a horseshoe with two active sites, a and a', at the extremities. We aimed to clarify important aspects underlying the catalytic cycle of PDIA1 in the context of the full pathways of oxidative protein folding operating in the ER. Results: Using two fluorescent redox sensors, redox green fluorescent protein 2 (roGFP2) and HyPer (circularly permutated yellow fluorescent protein containing the regulatory domain of the H2O2-sensing protein OxyR), either unfolded or native, as client substrates, we identified the N-terminal a active site of PDIA1 as the main oxidant of thiols. From there, electrons can flow to the C-terminal a' active site, with the redox-dependent conformational flexibility of PDIA1 allowing the formation of an interdomain disulfide bond. The a' active site then acts as a crossing point to redirect electrons to ER downstream oxidases or back to client proteins to reduce scrambled disulfide bonds. Innovation and Conclusions: The two active sites of PDIA1 work cooperatively as an interdomain redox relay mechanism that explains PDIA1 oxidative activity to form native disulfides and PDIA1 reductase activity to resolve scrambled disulfides. This mechanism suggests a new rationale for shutting down oxidative protein folding under ER redox imbalance. Whether it applies to physiological substrates in cells remains to be shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo P Melo
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | | | - Cátia Correia
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Fernando Teodoro
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Carlos Lopes
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
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4
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Sharifi S, Yamamoto T, Zeug A, Elsner M, Avezov E, Mehmeti I. Non-esterified fatty acid palmitate facilitates oxidative endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis of β-cells by upregulating ERO-1α expression. Redox Biol 2024; 73:103170. [PMID: 38692092 PMCID: PMC11070623 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue-derived non-esterified saturated long-chain fatty acid palmitate (PA) decisively contributes to β-cell demise in type 2 diabetes mellitus in part through the excessive generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as the primary site of oxidative protein folding could represent a significant source of H2O2. Both ER-oxidoreductin-1 (ERO-1) isoenzymes, ERO-1α and ERO-1β, catalyse oxidative protein folding within the ER, generating equimolar amounts of H2O2 for every disulphide bond formed. However, whether ERO-1-derived H2O2 constitutes a potential source of cytotoxic luminal H2O2 under lipotoxic conditions is still unknown. Here, we demonstrate that both ERO-1 isoforms are expressed in pancreatic β-cells, but interestingly, PA only significantly induces ERO-1α. Its specific deletion significantly attenuates PA-mediated oxidative ER stress and subsequent β-cell death by decreasing PA-mediated ER-luminal and mitochondrial H2O2 accumulation, by counteracting the dysregulation of ER Ca2+ homeostasis, and by mitigating the reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential and lowered ATP content. Moreover, ablation of ERO-1α alleviated PA-induced hyperoxidation of the ER redox milieu. Importantly, ablation of ERO-1α did not affect the insulin secretory capacity, the unfolded protein response, or ER redox homeostasis under steady-state conditions. The involvement of ERO-1α-derived H2O2 in PA-mediated β-cell lipotoxicity was corroborated by the overexpression of a redox-active ERO-1α underscoring the proapoptotic activity of ERO-1α in pancreatic β-cells. Overall, our findings highlight the critical role of ERO-1α-derived H2O2 in lipotoxic ER stress and β-cell failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Sharifi
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tomoko Yamamoto
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andre Zeug
- Institute for Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Elsner
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Edward Avezov
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, CB2 0AH Cambridge, UK
| | - Ilir Mehmeti
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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5
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Casas-Martinez JC, Samali A, McDonagh B. Redox regulation of UPR signalling and mitochondrial ER contact sites. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:250. [PMID: 38847861 PMCID: PMC11335286 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05286-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) have a synergistic relationship and are key regulatory hubs in maintaining cell homeostasis. Communication between these organelles is mediated by mitochondria ER contact sites (MERCS), allowing the exchange of material and information, modulating calcium homeostasis, redox signalling, lipid transfer and the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics. MERCS are dynamic structures that allow cells to respond to changes in the intracellular environment under normal homeostatic conditions, while their assembly/disassembly are affected by pathophysiological conditions such as ageing and disease. Disruption of protein folding in the ER lumen can activate the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR), promoting the remodelling of ER membranes and MERCS formation. The UPR stress receptor kinases PERK and IRE1, are located at or close to MERCS. UPR signalling can be adaptive or maladaptive, depending on whether the disruption in protein folding or ER stress is transient or sustained. Adaptive UPR signalling via MERCS can increase mitochondrial calcium import, metabolism and dynamics, while maladaptive UPR signalling can result in excessive calcium import and activation of apoptotic pathways. Targeting UPR signalling and the assembly of MERCS is an attractive therapeutic approach for a range of age-related conditions such as neurodegeneration and sarcopenia. This review highlights the emerging evidence related to the role of redox mediated UPR activation in orchestrating inter-organelle communication between the ER and mitochondria, and ultimately the determination of cell function and fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose C Casas-Martinez
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Apoptosis Research Centre, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Afshin Samali
- Apoptosis Research Centre, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Brian McDonagh
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
- Apoptosis Research Centre, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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6
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Kostyuk AI, Rapota DD, Morozova KI, Fedotova AA, Jappy D, Semyanov AV, Belousov VV, Brazhe NA, Bilan DS. Modern optical approaches in redox biology: Genetically encoded sensors and Raman spectroscopy. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 217:68-115. [PMID: 38508405 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The objective of the current review is to summarize the current state of optical methods in redox biology. It consists of two parts, the first is dedicated to genetically encoded fluorescent indicators and the second to Raman spectroscopy. In the first part, we provide a detailed classification of the currently available redox biosensors based on their target analytes. We thoroughly discuss the main architecture types of these proteins, the underlying engineering strategies for their development, the biochemical properties of existing tools and their advantages and disadvantages from a practical point of view. Particular attention is paid to fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy as a possible readout technique, since it is less prone to certain artifacts than traditional intensiometric measurements. In the second part, the characteristic Raman peaks of the most important redox intermediates are listed, and examples of how this knowledge can be implemented in biological studies are given. This part covers such fields as estimation of the redox states and concentrations of Fe-S clusters, cytochromes, other heme-containing proteins, oxidative derivatives of thiols, lipids, and nucleotides. Finally, we touch on the issue of multiparameter imaging, in which biosensors are combined with other visualization methods for simultaneous assessment of several cellular parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander I Kostyuk
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Diana D Rapota
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Kseniia I Morozova
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Anna A Fedotova
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - David Jappy
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Alexey V Semyanov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119435, Russia; College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, 314001, China
| | - Vsevolod V Belousov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, Moscow, Russia; Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Life Improvement by Future Technologies (LIFT) Center, Skolkovo, Moscow, 143025, Russia
| | - Nadezda A Brazhe
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
| | - Dmitry S Bilan
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, Moscow, Russia.
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7
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Pierre AS, Gavriel N, Guilbard M, Ogier-Denis E, Chevet E, Delom F, Igbaria A. Modulation of Protein Disulfide Isomerase Functions by Localization: The Example of the Anterior Gradient Family. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024. [PMID: 38411504 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2024.0561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Significance: Oxidative folding within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) introduces disulfide bonds into nascent polypeptides, ensuring proteins' stability and proper functioning. Consequently, this process is critical for maintaining proteome integrity and overall health. The productive folding of thousands of secretory proteins requires stringent quality control measures, such as the unfolded protein response (UPR) and ER-Associated Degradation (ERAD), which contribute significantly to maintaining ER homeostasis. ER-localized protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs) play an essential role in each of these processes, thereby contributing to various aspects of ER homeostasis, including maintaining redox balance, proper protein folding, and signaling from the ER to the nucleus. Recent Advances: Over the years, there have been increasing reports of the (re)localization of PDI family members and other ER-localized proteins to various compartments. A prime example is the anterior gradient (AGR) family of PDI proteins, which have been reported to relocate to the cytosol or the extracellular environment, acquiring gain of functions that intersect with various cellular signaling pathways. Critical Issues: Here, we summarize the functions of PDIs and their gain or loss of functions in non-ER locations. We will focus on the activity, localization, and function of the AGR proteins: AGR1, AGR2, and AGR3. Future Directions: Targeting PDIs in general and AGRs in particular is a promising strategy in different human diseases. Thus, there is a need for innovative strategies and tools aimed at targeting PDIs; those strategies should integrate the specific localization and newly acquired functions of these PDIs rather than solely focusing on their canonical roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvin S Pierre
- INSERM U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Noa Gavriel
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Marianne Guilbard
- ARTiSt Group, Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM U1312, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
- Thabor Therapeutics, Paris, France
| | - Eric Ogier-Denis
- INSERM U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Eric Chevet
- INSERM U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Frederic Delom
- ARTiSt Group, Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM U1312, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | - Aeid Igbaria
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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8
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Cheng F, Ji Q, Wang L, Wang C, Liu G, Wang L. Reducing oxidative protein folding alleviates senescence by minimizing ER-to-nucleus H 2 O 2 release. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e56439. [PMID: 37306027 PMCID: PMC10398651 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202256439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative protein folding occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to generate disulfide bonds, and the by-product is hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ). However, the relationship between oxidative protein folding and senescence remains uncharacterized. Here, we find that the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), a key oxidoreductase that catalyzes oxidative protein folding, accumulated in aged human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and deletion of PDI alleviated hMSCs senescence. Mechanistically, knocking out PDI slows the rate of oxidative protein folding and decreases the leakage of ER-derived H2 O2 into the nucleus, thereby decreasing the expression of SERPINE1, which was identified as a key driver of cell senescence. Furthermore, we show that depletion of PDI alleviated senescence in various cell models of aging. Our findings reveal a previously unrecognized role of oxidative protein folding in promoting cell aging, providing a potential target for aging and aging-related disease intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Cheng
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Qianzhao Ji
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Lu Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Chih‐chen Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Guang‐Hui Liu
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineBeijingChina
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Lei Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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9
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Ong G, Logue SE. Unfolding the Interactions between Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12050981. [PMID: 37237847 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12050981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance in cellular redox state due to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). While homeostatic levels of ROS are important for cell physiology and signaling, excess ROS can induce a variety of negative effects ranging from damage to biological macromolecules to cell death. Additionally, oxidative stress can disrupt the function of redox-sensitive organelles including the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In the case of the ER, the accumulation of misfolded proteins can arise due to oxidative stress, leading to the onset of ER stress. To combat ER stress, cells initiate a highly conserved stress response called the unfolded protein response (UPR). While UPR signaling, within the context of resolving ER stress, is well characterised, how UPR mediators respond to and influence oxidative stress is less defined. In this review, we evaluate the interplay between oxidative stress, ER stress and UPR signaling networks. Specifically, we assess how UPR signaling mediators can influence antioxidant responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon Ong
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Susan E Logue
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
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10
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Bassot A, Chen J, Takahashi-Yamashiro K, Yap MC, Gibhardt CS, Le GNT, Hario S, Nasu Y, Moore J, Gutiérrez T, Mina L, Mast H, Moses A, Bhat R, Ballanyi K, Lemieux H, Sitia R, Zito E, Bogeski I, Campbell RE, Simmen T. The endoplasmic reticulum kinase PERK interacts with the oxidoreductase ERO1 to metabolically adapt mitochondria. Cell Rep 2023; 42:111899. [PMID: 36586409 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis requires molecular regulators that tailor mitochondrial bioenergetics to the needs of protein folding. For instance, calnexin maintains mitochondria metabolism and mitochondria-ER contacts (MERCs) through reactive oxygen species (ROS) from NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4). However, induction of ER stress requires a quick molecular rewiring of mitochondria to adapt to new energy needs. This machinery is not characterized. We now show that the oxidoreductase ERO1⍺ covalently interacts with protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK) upon treatment with tunicamycin. The PERK-ERO1⍺ interaction requires the C-terminal active site of ERO1⍺ and cysteine 216 of PERK. Moreover, we show that the PERK-ERO1⍺ complex promotes oxidization of MERC proteins and controls mitochondrial dynamics. Using proteinaceous probes, we determined that these functions improve ER-mitochondria Ca2+ flux to maintain bioenergetics in both organelles, while limiting oxidative stress. Therefore, the PERK-ERO1⍺ complex is a key molecular machinery that allows quick metabolic adaptation to ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Bassot
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Junsheng Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | | | - Megan C Yap
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Christine Silvia Gibhardt
- Molecular Physiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Giang N T Le
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Saaya Hario
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nasu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Jack Moore
- Alberta Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Alberta, 4096 Katz Research Building, Edmonton AB T6G2E1, Canada
| | - Tomas Gutiérrez
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Lucas Mina
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Heather Mast
- Faculty Saint-Jean, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton, AB T6G2H7, Canada
| | - Audric Moses
- Department of Pediatrics, Edmonton, AB T6G2H7, Canada
| | - Rakesh Bhat
- Precision Biolaboratories, St. Albert, AB T8N 5A7, Canada
| | - Klaus Ballanyi
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2H7, Canada
| | - Hélène Lemieux
- Faculty Saint-Jean, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton, AB T6G2H7, Canada
| | - Roberto Sitia
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Università Vita-Salute IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Ester Zito
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, 20156 Milano, Italy; Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino PU, Italy
| | - Ivan Bogeski
- Molecular Physiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Robert E Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Thomas Simmen
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada.
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11
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Sharifi S, Böger M, Lortz S, Mehmeti I. Luminal H 2 O 2 promotes ER Ca 2+ dysregulation and toxicity of palmitate in insulin-secreting INS-1E cells. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22685. [PMID: 36468845 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201237r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen is not only the major site for the assembly and folding of newly synthesized proteins but also the main intracellular Ca2+ store. Ca2+ ions are involved in versatile biochemical processes, including posttranslational processing and folding of nascent proteins. Disruption of ER Ca2+ homeostasis is usually accompanied by an ER stress response that can ultimately lead to apoptosis if unresolved. Abnormal ER Ca2+ depletion has been linked to pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and death under lipotoxic conditions. However, the underlying mechanisms how the β-cell toxic saturated free fatty acid palmitate perturbs ER Ca2+ homeostasis and its interplay with other organelles are not fully understood. In the present study, we demonstrate that treatment of insulin-secreting INS-1E cells with palmitate diminished ER Ca2+ levels, elevated cytosolic/mitochondrial Ca2+ content, lowered the mitochondrial membrane potential, and ATP content. In addition, palmitate-pretreated β-cells contained significantly less luminal Ca2+ , revealed a severely impaired ER Ca2+ reuptake rate, and substantially lower insulin content. Importantly, detoxification of luminal H2 O2 by expression of the ER-resident glutathione peroxidase 8 (GPx8) abrogated the lipotoxic effects of palmitate. Moreover, GPx8 supported oxidative protein folding and preserved insulin content under lipotoxic conditions. A direct involvement of luminal H2 O2 in palmitate-mediated ER Ca2+ depletion could be corroborated by the ectopic expression of an ER-luminal active catalase. Our data point to the critical role of luminal H2 O2 in palmitate-mediated depletion of ER Ca2+ through redox-dependent impairment of Ca2+ ATPase pump activity upstream of mitochondrial dysfunction in insulin-secreting INS-1E cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Sharifi
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maren Böger
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephan Lortz
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ilir Mehmeti
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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12
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Sorrentino I, Galli M, Medraño-Fernandez I, Sitia R. Transfer of H 2O 2 from Mitochondria to the endoplasmic reticulum via Aquaporin-11. Redox Biol 2022; 55:102410. [PMID: 35863264 PMCID: PMC9304643 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Some aquaporins (AQPs) can transport H2O2 across membranes, allowing redox signals to proceed in and between cells. Unlike other peroxiporins, human AQP11 is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident that can conduit H2O2 to the cytosol. Here, we show that silencing Ero1α, an ER flavoenzyme that generates abundant H2O2 during oxidative folding, causes a paradoxical increase in luminal H2O2 levels. The simultaneous AQP11 downregulation prevents this increase, implying that H2O2 reaches the ER from an external source(s). Pharmacological inhibition of the electron transport chain reveals that Ero1α downregulation activates superoxide production by complex III. In the intermembrane space, superoxide dismutase 1 generates H2O2 that enters the ER channeled by AQP11. Meanwhile, the number of ER-mitochondria contact sites increases as well, irrespective of AQP11 expression. Taken together, our findings identify a novel interorganellar redox response that is activated upon Ero1α downregulation and transfers H2O2 from mitochondria to the ER via AQP11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Sorrentino
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Ospedale San Raffaele, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Galli
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Białystok, 15222, Białystok, Poland
| | - Iria Medraño-Fernandez
- Department of Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering, University Carlos III of Madrid, 28911, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Roberto Sitia
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Ospedale San Raffaele, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132, Milan, Italy.
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13
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Cysteine-Rich LIM-Only Protein 4 (CRP4) Promotes Atherogenesis in the ApoE -/- Mouse Model. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081364. [PMID: 35456043 PMCID: PMC9032522 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) can switch from their contractile state to a synthetic phenotype resulting in high migratory and proliferative capacity and driving atherosclerotic lesion formation. The cysteine-rich LIM-only protein 4 (CRP4) reportedly modulates VSM-like transcriptional signatures, which are perturbed in VSMCs undergoing phenotypic switching. Thus, we hypothesized that CRP4 contributes to adverse VSMC behaviours and thereby to atherogenesis in vivo. The atherogenic properties of CRP4 were investigated in plaque-prone apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and CRP4 double-knockout (dKO) as well as ApoE-deficient CRP4 wildtype mice. dKO mice exhibited lower plaque numbers and lesion areas as well as a reduced content of α-smooth muscle actin positive cells in the lesion area, while lesion-associated cell proliferation was elevated in vessels lacking CRP4. Reduced plaque volumes in dKO correlated with significantly less intra-plaque oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), presumably due to upregulation of the antioxidant factor peroxiredoxin-4 (PRDX4). This study identifies CRP4 as a novel pro-atherogenic factor that facilitates plaque oxLDL deposition and identifies the invasion of atherosclerotic lesions by VSMCs as important determinants of plaque vulnerability. Thus, targeting of VSMC CRP4 should be considered in plaque-stabilizing pharmacological strategies.
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14
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Lenzen S, Lushchak VI, Scholz F. The pro-radical hydrogen peroxide as a stable hydroxyl radical distributor: lessons from pancreatic beta cells. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:1915-1920. [PMID: 35416515 PMCID: PMC9151569 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03282-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The toxic potential of H2O2 is limited, even if intracellular concentrations of H2O2 under conditions of oxidative stress increase to the micromolar concentration range. Its toxicity is mostly restricted to the oxidation of highly reactive thiol groups, some of which are functionally very important. Subsequently, the HO· radical is generated spontaneously from H2O2 in the Fenton reaction. The HO· radical is extremely toxic and destroys any biological structure. Due to the high reactivity, its action is limited to a locally restricted site of its generation. On the other hand, H2O2 with its stability and long half-life can reach virtually any site and distribute its toxic effect all over the cell. Thereby HO·, in spite of its ultra-short half-life (10-9 s), can execute its extraordinary toxic action at any target of the cell. In this oxidative stress scenario, H2O2 is the pro-radical, that spreads the toxic action of the HO· radical. It is the longevity of the H2O2 molecule allowing it to distribute its toxic action from the site of origin all over the cell and may even mediate intercellular communication. Thus, H2O2 acts as a spreader by transporting it to sites where the extremely short-lived toxic HO· radical can arise in the presence of "free iron". H2O2 and HO· act in concert due to their different complementary chemical properties. They are dependent upon each other while executing the toxic effects in oxidative stress under diabetic metabolic conditions in particular in the highly vulnerable pancreatic beta cell, which in contrast to many other cell types is so badly protected against oxidative stress due to its extremely low H2O2 inactivating enzyme capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigurd Lenzen
- Institute of Experimental Diabetes Research, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany. .,Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Volodymyr I Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine.,I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Fritz Scholz
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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15
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Qiao X, Zhang Y, Ye A, Zhang Y, Xie T, Lv Z, Shi C, Wu D, Chu B, Wu X, Zhang W, Wang P, Liu GH, Wang CC, Wang L, Chen C. ER reductive stress caused by Ero1α S-nitrosation accelerates senescence. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 180:165-178. [PMID: 35033630 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress in aging has attracted much attention; however, the role of reductive stress in aging remains largely unknown. Here, we report that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) undergoes reductive stress during replicative senescence, as shown by specific glutathione and H2O2 fluorescent probes. We constructed an ER-specific reductive stress cell model by ER-specific catalase overexpression and observed accelerated senescent phenotypes accompanied by disrupted proteostasis and a compromised ER unfolded protein response (UPR). Mechanistically, S-nitrosation of the pivotal ER sulfhydryl oxidase Ero1α led to decreased activity, therefore resulting in reductive stress in the ER. Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase decreased the level of Ero1α S-nitrosation and decreased cellular senescence. Moreover, the expression of constitutively active Ero1α restored an oxidizing state in the ER and successfully rescued the senescent phenotypes. Our results uncover a new mechanism of senescence promoted by ER reductive stress and provide proof-of-concept that maintaining the oxidizing power of the ER and organelle-specific precision redox regulation could be valuable future geroprotective strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Qiao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yingmin Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Aojun Ye
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yini Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ting Xie
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhenyu Lv
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chang Shi
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dongli Wu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Boyu Chu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xun Wu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ping Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chih-Chen Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lei Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Chang Chen
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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16
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Breeze E, Mullineaux PM. The Passage of H 2O 2 from Chloroplasts to Their Associated Nucleus during Retrograde Signalling: Reflections on the Role of the Nuclear Envelope. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:552. [PMID: 35214888 PMCID: PMC8876790 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The response of chloroplasts to adverse environmental cues, principally increases in light intensity, stimulates chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signalling, which leads to the induction of immediate protective responses and longer-term acclimation. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), generated during photosynthesis, is proposed to both initiate and transduce a retrograde signal in response to photoinhibitory light intensities. Signalling specificity achieved by chloroplast-sourced H2O2 for signal transduction may be dependent upon the oft-observed close association of a proportion of these organelles with the nucleus. In this review, we consider more precisely the nature of the close association between a chloroplast appressed to the nucleus and the requirement for H2O2 to cross both the double membranes of the chloroplast and nuclear envelopes. Of particular relevance is that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has close physical contact with chloroplasts and is contiguous with the nuclear envelope. Therefore, the perinuclear space, which transducing H2O2 molecules would have to cross, may have an oxidising environment the same as the ER lumen. Based on studies in animal cells, the ER lumen may be a significant source of H2O2 in plant cells arising from the oxidative folding of proteins. If this is the case, then there is potential for the ER lumen/perinuclear space to be an important location to modify chloroplast-to-nucleus H2O2 signal transduction and thereby introduce modulation of it by additional different environmental cues. These would include for example, heat stress and pathogen infection, which induce the unfolded protein response characterised by an increased H2O2 level in the ER lumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Breeze
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK;
| | - Philip M. Mullineaux
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, UK
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17
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Subcellular Localizations of Catalase and Exogenously Added Fatty Acid in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081940. [PMID: 34440712 PMCID: PMC8391285 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids are important biological components, yet the metabolism of fatty acids in microalgae is not clearly understood. Previous studies found that Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the model microalga, incorporates exogenously added fatty acids but metabolizes them differently from animals and yeast. Furthermore, a recent metabolic flux analysis found that the majority of lipid turnover in C. reinhardtii is the recycling of acyl chains from and to membranes, rather than β -oxidation. This indicates that for the alga, the maintenance of existing acyl chains may be more valuable than their breakdown for energy. To gain cell-biological knowledge of fatty acid metabolism in C. reinhardtii, we conducted microscopy analysis with fluorescent probes. First, we found that CAT1 (catalase isoform 1) is in the peroxisomes while CAT2 (catalase isoform 2) is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, indicating the alga is capable of detoxifying hydrogen peroxide that would be produced during β-oxidation in the peroxisomes. Second, we compared the localization of exogenously added FL-C16 (fluorescently labelled palmitic acid) with fluorescently marked endosomes, mitochondria, peroxisomes, lysosomes, and lipid droplets. We found that exogenously added FL-C16 are incorporated and compartmentalized via a non-endocytic route within 10 min. However, the fluorescence signals from FL-C16 did not colocalize with any marked organelles, including peroxisomes. During triacylglycerol accumulation, the fluorescence signals from FL-C16 were localized in lipid droplets. These results support the idea that membrane turnover is favored over β-oxidation in C. reinhardtii. The knowledge gained in these analyses would aid further studies of the fatty acid metabolism.
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18
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The Yeast eIF2 Kinase Gcn2 Facilitates H 2O 2-Mediated Feedback Inhibition of Both Protein Synthesis and Endoplasmic Reticulum Oxidative Folding during Recombinant Protein Production. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0030121. [PMID: 34047633 PMCID: PMC8276805 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00301-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant protein production is a known source of oxidative stress. However, knowledge of which reactive oxygen species are involved or the specific growth phase in which stress occurs remains lacking. Using modern, hypersensitive genetic H2O2-specific probes, microcultivation, and continuous measurements in batch culture, we observed H2O2 accumulation during and following the diauxic shift in engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae, correlating with peak α-amylase production. In agreement with previous studies supporting a role of the translation initiation factor kinase Gcn2 in the response to H2O2, we find that Gcn2-dependent phosphorylation of eIF2α increases alongside translational attenuation in strains engineered to produce large amounts of α-amylase. Gcn2 removal significantly improved α-amylase production in two previously optimized high-producing strains but not in the wild type. Gcn2 deficiency furthermore reduced intracellular H2O2 levels and the Hac1 splicing ratio, while expression of antioxidants and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) disulfide isomerase PDI1 increased. These results suggest protein synthesis and ER oxidative folding are coupled and subject to feedback inhibition by H2O2. IMPORTANCE Recombinant protein production is a multibillion dollar industry. Optimizing the productivity of host cells is, therefore, of great interest. In several hosts, oxidants are produced as an unwanted side product of recombinant protein production. The buildup of oxidants can result in intracellular stress responses that could compromise the productivity of the host cell. Here, we document a novel protein synthesis inhibitory mechanism that is activated by the buildup of a specific oxidant (H2O2) in the cytosol of yeast cells upon the production of recombinant proteins. At the center of this inhibitory mechanism lies the protein kinase Gcn2. By removing Gcn2, we observed a doubling of recombinant protein productivity in addition to reduced H2O2 levels in the cytosol. In this study, we want to raise awareness of this inhibitory mechanism in eukaryotic cells to further improve protein production and contribute to the development of novel protein-based therapeutic strategies.
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19
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Jain P, Dvorkin-Gheva A, Mollen E, Malbeteau L, Xie M, Jessa F, Dhavarasa P, Chung S, Brown KR, Jang GH, Vora P, Notta F, Moffat J, Hedley D, Boutros PC, Wouters BG, Koritzinsky M. NOX4 links metabolic regulation in pancreatic cancer to endoplasmic reticulum redox vulnerability and dependence on PRDX4. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/19/eabf7114. [PMID: 33962950 PMCID: PMC8104867 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf7114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to identify vulnerabilities in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). PDAC cells acquire metabolic changes that augment NADPH production and cytosolic redox homeostasis. Here, we show that high NADPH levels drive activity of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. NOX4 produces H2O2 metabolized by peroxiredoxin 4 (PRDX4) in the ER lumen. Using functional genomics and subsequent in vitro and in vivo validations, we find that PDAC cell lines with high NADPH levels are dependent on PRDX4 for their growth and survival. PRDX4 addiction is associated with increased reactive oxygen species, a DNA-PKcs-governed DNA damage response and radiosensitivity, which can be rescued by depletion of NOX4 or NADPH. Hence, this study has identified NOX4 as a protein that paradoxically converts the reducing power of the cytosol to an ER-specific oxidative stress vulnerability in PDAC that may be therapeutically exploited by targeting PRDX4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Jain
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Dvorkin-Gheva
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erik Mollen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University of Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Lucie Malbeteau
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Xie
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Fatima Jessa
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Piriththiv Dhavarasa
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen Chung
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin R Brown
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gun Ho Jang
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Parth Vora
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Faiyaz Notta
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason Moffat
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Hedley
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Human Genetics and Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bradly G Wouters
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marianne Koritzinsky
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Elko EA, Manuel AM, White S, Zito E, van der Vliet A, Anathy V, Janssen-Heininger YMW. Oxidation of peroxiredoxin-4 induces oligomerization and promotes interaction with proteins governing protein folding and endoplasmic reticulum stress. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100665. [PMID: 33895140 PMCID: PMC8141880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) catalyze the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). PRDX4 is the only peroxiredoxin located within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and is the most highly expressed H2O2 scavenger in the ER. PRDX4 has emerged as an important player in numerous diseases, such as fibrosis and metabolic syndromes, and its overoxidation is a potential indicator of ER redox stress. It is unclear how overoxidation of PRDX4 governs its oligomerization state and interacting partners. Herein, we addressed these questions via nonreducing Western blots, mass spectrometry, and site-directed mutagenesis. We report that the oxidation of PRDX4 in lung epithelial cells treated with tertbutyl hydroperoxide caused a shift of PRDX4 from monomer/dimer to high molecular weight (HMW) species, which contain PRDX4 modified with sulfonic acid residues (PRDX4-SO3), as well as of a complement of ER-associated proteins, including protein disulfide isomerases important in protein folding, thioredoxin domain-containing protein 5, and heat shock protein A5, a key regulator of the ER stress response. Mutation of any of the four cysteines in PRDX4 altered the HMW species in response to tertbutyl hydroperoxide as well as the secretion of PRDX4. We also demonstrate that the expression of ER oxidoreductase 1 alpha, which generates H2O2 in the ER, increased PRDX4 HMW formation and secretion. These results suggest a link between SO3 modification in the formation of HMW PRDX4 complexes in cells, whereas the association of key regulators of ER homeostasis with HMW oxidized PRDX4 point to a putative role of PRDX4 in regulating ER stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan A Elko
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Allison M Manuel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Sheryl White
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Ester Zito
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Albert van der Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Vikas Anathy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
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21
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Konno T, Melo EP, Chambers JE, Avezov E. Intracellular Sources of ROS/H 2O 2 in Health and Neurodegeneration: Spotlight on Endoplasmic Reticulum. Cells 2021; 10:233. [PMID: 33504070 PMCID: PMC7912550 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced continuously throughout the cell as products of various redox reactions. Yet these products function as important signal messengers, acting through oxidation of specific target factors. Whilst excess ROS production has the potential to induce oxidative stress, physiological roles of ROS are supported by a spatiotemporal equilibrium between ROS producers and scavengers such as antioxidative enzymes. In the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a non-radical ROS, is produced through the process of oxidative folding. Utilisation and dysregulation of H2O2, in particular that generated in the ER, affects not only cellular homeostasis but also the longevity of organisms. ROS dysregulation has been implicated in various pathologies including dementia and other neurodegenerative diseases, sanctioning a field of research that strives to better understand cell-intrinsic ROS production. Here we review the organelle-specific ROS-generating and consuming pathways, providing evidence that the ER is a major contributing source of potentially pathologic ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Konno
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Eduardo Pinho Melo
- CCMAR—Centro de Ciências do Mar, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
| | - Joseph E. Chambers
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK;
| | - Edward Avezov
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
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22
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ERO1L promotes IL6/sIL6R signaling and regulates MUC16 expression to promote CA125 secretion and the metastasis of lung cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:853. [PMID: 33056994 PMCID: PMC7560734 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03067-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The abnormal secretion of CA125, a classic tumor marker, is usually related to a poor prognosis in various tumors. Thus, this study aimed to explore the potential mechanisms that promote CA125 secretion in lung cancer. By querying the database, the gene endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase 1L (ERO1L) was identified and chosen as the research subject. The antibody chips were used to screen the lung cancer cell supernatant and found that the most obvious secreted protein was CA125. ERO1L was found to promote the secretion of IL6R by affecting the formation of disulfide bonds. IL6R bound to IL6 and triggered the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Then, NF-κB bound to the promoter of MUC16, resulting in overexpression of MUC16. The extracellular segment of MUC16 was cleaved to form CA125, while the C terminus of MUC16 promoted the EMT phenotype and the release of IL6, forming a positive feedback pathway. In conclusion, ERO1L might affect the secretion of CA125 through the IL6 signaling pathway and form a positive feedback loop to further promote the development of lung cancer. This might expand the application scope of CA125 in lung cancer.
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Chi ZC. Research status and prgoress of nonalcoholic fatty pancreatic disease. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2020; 28:933-950. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v28.i19.933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty pancreatic disease (NAFPD) is a disease characterized by an increase in pancreatic fat accumulation. It is a component of the metabolic syndrome and often coexists with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Once the diagnosis is established, it is closely related to acute and chronic pancreatitis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, pancreatic fibrosis, and pancreatic cancer. In recent years, it has been confirmed that NAFPD is closely related to cardiovascular disease, liver fibrosis, and liver cancer. The prevalence of NAFPD ranges between 11% and 69%, and increases with age. It is worth noting that the prevalence in obese children is twice as high as that in non-obese children. The high prevalence rate and complexity of the disease have aroused people's high attention. Therefore, to improve the understanding of NAFPD, fully understand the clinical significance of NAFPD, and further study its pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment require the collaboration and joint efforts of multiple disciplines, including hepatopathy, gastroenterology, endocrine metabolism, cardiovascular disease, imaging, pathology, and others. In this paper, we review the clinical significance, pathogenesis, and imaging diagnosis of NAFPD and propose our personal understanding of the key points in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Chun Chi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266011, Shandong Province, China
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Selenoprotein N is an endoplasmic reticulum calcium sensor that links luminal calcium levels to a redox activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:21288-21298. [PMID: 32817544 PMCID: PMC7474598 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2003847117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenoprotein N (SEPN1) is a type II transmembrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that senses luminal calcium through an EF-hand domain. On calcium depletion, a SEPN1 oligomer, prevalent under basal calcium concentrations, dissociates to generate a monomeric polypeptide that has enhanced redox trapping potential for its target the calcium pump, SERCA2, as well as for many additional interactors, indicating enhanced reductase activity. Our studies not only support that SEPN1 is one of the long-sought reductases of the ER, but also identify a feedback mechanism through which SEPN1 senses the luminal calcium level to modulate downstream signal transduction. Our results suggest that SEPN1 regulates the SERCA-mediated replenishment of ER calcium stores, a crucial mechanism for excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the reservoir for calcium in cells. Luminal calcium levels are determined by calcium-sensing proteins that trigger calcium dynamics in response to calcium fluctuations. Here we report that Selenoprotein N (SEPN1) is a type II transmembrane protein that senses ER calcium fluctuations by binding this ion through a luminal EF-hand domain. In vitro and in vivo experiments show that via this domain, SEPN1 responds to diminished luminal calcium levels, dynamically changing its oligomeric state and enhancing its redox-dependent interaction with cellular partners, including the ER calcium pump sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA). Importantly, single amino acid substitutions in the EF-hand domain of SEPN1 identified as clinical variations are shown to impair its calcium-binding and calcium-dependent structural changes, suggesting a key role of the EF-hand domain in SEPN1 function. In conclusion, SEPN1 is a ER calcium sensor that responds to luminal calcium depletion, changing its oligomeric state and acting as a reductase to refill ER calcium stores.
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Lizák B, Birk J, Zana M, Kosztyi G, Kratschmar DV, Odermatt A, Zimmermann R, Geiszt M, Appenzeller-Herzog C, Bánhegyi G. Ca 2+ mobilization-dependent reduction of the endoplasmic reticulum lumen is due to influx of cytosolic glutathione. BMC Biol 2020; 18:19. [PMID: 32101139 PMCID: PMC7043043 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-0749-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) acts as a cellular Ca2+ store and a site for oxidative protein folding, which is controlled by the reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione-disulfide (GSSG) redox pair. Although depletion of luminal Ca2+ from the ER provokes a rapid and reversible shift towards a more reducing poise in the ER, the underlying molecular basis remains unclear. RESULTS We found that Ca2+ mobilization-dependent ER luminal reduction was sensitive to inhibition of GSH synthesis or dilution of cytosolic GSH by selective permeabilization of the plasma membrane. A glutathione-centered mechanism was further indicated by increased ER luminal glutathione levels in response to Ca2+ efflux. Inducible reduction of the ER lumen by GSH flux was independent of the Ca2+-binding chaperone calreticulin, which has previously been implicated in this process. However, opening the translocon channel by puromycin or addition of cyclosporine A mimicked the GSH-related effect of Ca2+ mobilization. While the action of puromycin was ascribable to Ca2+ leakage from the ER, the mechanism of cyclosporine A-induced GSH flux was independent of calcineurin and cyclophilins A and B and remained unclear. CONCLUSIONS Our data strongly suggest that ER influx of cytosolic GSH, rather than inhibition of local oxidoreductases, is responsible for the reductive shift upon Ca2+ mobilization. We postulate the existence of a Ca2+- and cyclosporine A-sensitive GSH transporter in the ER membrane. These findings have important implications for ER redox homeostasis under normal physiology and ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beáta Lizák
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Julia Birk
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Melinda Zana
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- "Momentum" Peroxidase Enzyme Research Group of the Semmelweis University and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Kosztyi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Denise V Kratschmar
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alex Odermatt
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Richard Zimmermann
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Miklós Geiszt
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- "Momentum" Peroxidase Enzyme Research Group of the Semmelweis University and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Christian Appenzeller-Herzog
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
- University Medical Library, University of Basel, Spiegelgasse 5, 4051, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Gábor Bánhegyi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Mullick M, Nayak S. Comprehending the Unfolded Protein Response as a Conduit for Improved Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapeutics. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-019-00143-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Matsusaki M, Okuda A, Matsuo K, Gekko K, Masuda T, Naruo Y, Hirose A, Kono K, Tsuchi Y, Urade R. Regulation of plant ER oxidoreductin 1 (ERO1) activity for efficient oxidative protein folding. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:18820-18835. [PMID: 31685660 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), ER oxidoreductin 1 (ERO1) catalyzes intramolecular disulfide-bond formation within its substrates in coordination with protein-disulfide isomerase (PDI) and related enzymes. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate the ERO1-PDI system in plants are unknown. Reduction of the regulatory disulfide bonds of the ERO1 from soybean, GmERO1a, is catalyzed by enzymes in five classes of PDI family proteins. Here, using recombinant proteins, vacuum-ultraviolet circular dichroism spectroscopy, biochemical and protein refolding assays, and quantitative immunoblotting, we found that GmERO1a activity is regulated by reduction of intramolecular disulfide bonds involving Cys-121 and Cys-146, which are located in a disordered region, similarly to their locations in human ERO1. Moreover, a GmERO1a variant in which Cys-121 and Cys-146 were replaced with Ala residues exhibited hyperactive oxidation. Soybean PDI family proteins differed in their ability to regulate GmERO1a. Unlike yeast and human ERO1s, for which PDI is the preferred substrate, GmERO1a directly transferred disulfide bonds to the specific active center of members of five classes of PDI family proteins. Of these proteins, GmPDIS-1, GmPDIS-2, GmPDIM, and GmPDIL7 (which are group II PDI family proteins) failed to catalyze effective oxidative folding of substrate RNase A when there was an unregulated supply of disulfide bonds from the C121A/C146A hyperactive mutant GmERO1a, because of its low disulfide-bond isomerization activity. We conclude that regulation of plant ERO1 activity is particularly important for effective oxidative protein folding by group II PDI family proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motonori Matsusaki
- Division of Agronomy and Horticultural Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Aya Okuda
- Division of Agronomy and Horticultural Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuo
- Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Gekko
- Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Taro Masuda
- Division of Agronomy and Horticultural Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yurika Naruo
- Division of Agronomy and Horticultural Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Akiho Hirose
- Division of Agronomy and Horticultural Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kono
- Division of Agronomy and Horticultural Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Tsuchi
- Division of Agronomy and Horticultural Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Reiko Urade
- Division of Agronomy and Horticultural Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
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Sosa-Madrid BS, Santacreu MA, Blasco A, Fontanesi L, Pena RN, Ibáñez-Escriche N. A genomewide association study in divergently selected lines in rabbits reveals novel genomic regions associated with litter size traits. J Anim Breed Genet 2019; 137:123-138. [PMID: 31657065 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Uterine capacity (UC), defined as the total number of kits from unilaterally ovariectomized does at birth, has a high genetic correlation with litter size. The aim of our research was to identify genomic regions associated with litter size traits through a genomewide association study using rabbits from a divergent selection experiment for UC. A high-density SNP array (200K) was used to genotype 181 does from a control population, high and low UC lines. Traits included total number born (TNB), number born alive (NBA), number born dead, ovulation rate (OR), implanted embryos (IE) and embryo, foetal and prenatal survivals at second parity. We implemented the Bayes B method and the associations were tested by Bayes factors and the percentage of genomic variance (GV) explained by windows. Different genomic regions associated with TNB, NBA, IE and OR were found. These regions explained 7.36%, 1.27%, 15.87% and 3.95% of GV, respectively. Two consecutive windows on chromosome 17 were associated with TNB, NBA and IE. This genomic region accounted for 6.32% of GV of TNB. In this region, we found the BMP4, PTDGR, PTGER2, STYX and CDKN3 candidate genes which presented functional annotations linked to some reproductive processes. Our findings suggest that a genomic region on chromosome 17 has an important effect on litter size traits. However, further analyses are needed to validate this region in other maternal rabbit lines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María Antonia Santacreu
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Agustín Blasco
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luca Fontanesi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Romi Natacha Pena
- Departament de Ciència Animal, Universitat de Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Lleida, Spain
| | - Noelia Ibáñez-Escriche
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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The roles of reactive oxygen species and antioxidants in cryopreservation. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20191601. [PMID: 31371631 PMCID: PMC6712439 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20191601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation has facilitated advancement of biological research by allowing the storage of cells over prolonged periods of time. While cryopreservation at extremely low temperatures would render cells metabolically inactive, cells suffer insults during the freezing and thawing process. Among such insults, the generation of supra-physiological levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) could impair cellular functions and survival. Antioxidants are potential additives that were reported to partially or completely reverse freeze-thaw stress-associated impairments. This review aims to discuss the potential sources of cryopreservation-induced ROS and the effectiveness of antioxidant administration when used individually or in combination.
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Kam MK, Lee DG, Kim B, Lee HS, Lee SR, Bae YC, Lee DS. Peroxiredoxin 4 ameliorates amyloid beta oligomer-mediated apoptosis by inhibiting ER-stress in HT-22 hippocampal neuron cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2019; 35:573-588. [PMID: 31147869 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-019-09477-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by amyloid beta oligomers (AβO), which induce cell death by triggering oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Oxidative stress is regulated by antioxidant enzymes, including peroxiredoxins. Peroxiredoxins (Prx) are classified into six subtypes, based on their localization and cysteine residues, and protect cells by scavenging hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Peroxiredoxin 4 (Prx4) is unique in being localized to the ER; however, whether Prx4 protects neuronal cells from AβO-induced toxicity remains unclear, although Prx4 expression is upregulated in AβO-induced oxidative stress and ER stress. In this study, we established HT-22 cells in which Prx4 was either overexpressed or silenced to investigate its role in AβO-induced toxicity. AβO-stimulation of HT-22 cells with overexpressed Prx4 caused decreases in both AβO-induced ROS and ER stress (followed by ER expansion). In contrast, AβO stimulation caused increases in both ROS and ER stress that were notably higher in HT-22 cells with silenced Prx4 expression than in HT-22 cells. Consequently, Prx4 overexpression decreased apoptotic cell death and ameliorated the AβO-induced increase in intracellular Ca2+. Therefore, we conclude that Prx4 has a protective effect against AβO-mediated oxidative stress, ER stress, and neuronal cell death. Furthermore, these results suggest that Prx4 may be a target for preventing AβO toxicity in AD. Graphical abstract .
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyoung Kam
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Gil Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyung Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children/UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Hyun-Shik Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Rae Lee
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Chungcheonbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Chul Bae
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang Y, Li T, Zhang L, Shangguan F, Shi G, Wu X, Cui Y, Wang X, Wang X, Liu Y, Lu B, Wei T, Wang CC, Wang L. Targeting the functional interplay between endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductin-1α and protein disulfide isomerase suppresses the progression of cervical cancer. EBioMedicine 2019; 41:408-419. [PMID: 30826359 PMCID: PMC6443025 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) oxidoreductin-1α (Ero1α) and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) constitute the pivotal pathway of oxidative protein folding, and are highly expressed in many cancers. However, whether targeting the functional interplay between Ero1α and PDI could be a new approach for cancer therapy remains unknown. Methods We performed wound healing assays, transwell migration and invasion assays and xenograft assays to assess cell migration, invasion and tumorigenesis; gel filtration chromatography, oxygen consumption assay and in cells folding assays were used to detect Ero1α-PDI interaction and Ero1α oxidase activity. Findings Here, we report that elevated expression of Ero1α is correlated with poor prognosis in human cervical cancer. Knockout of ERO1A decreases the growth, migration and tumorigenesis of cervical cancer cells, through downregulation of the H2O2-correlated epithelial-mesenchymal transition. We identify that the conserved valine (Val) 101 of Ero1α is critical for Ero1α-PDI complex formation and Ero1α oxidase activity. Val101 of Ero1α is specifically involved in the recognition of PDI catalytic domain. Mutation of Val101 results in a reduced ER, retarded oxidative protein folding and decreased H2O2 levels in the ER of cervical cancer cells and further impairs cell migration, invasion, and tumor growth. Interpretation Our study identifies the critical residue of Ero1α for recognizing PDI, which underlines the molecular mechanism of oxidative protein folding for tumorigenesis and provides a proof-of-concept for cancer therapy by targeting Ero1α-PDI interaction. Fund This work was supported by National Key R&D Program of China, National Natural Science Foundation of China, and Youth Innovation Promotion Association, CAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yini Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lihui Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fugen Shangguan
- Protein Quality Control and Diseases Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Guizhi Shi
- Laboratory Animal Center of Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Aviation General Hospital of Beijing, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xun Wu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ya Cui
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xi'e Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xi Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongzhang Liu
- Protein Quality Control and Diseases Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Bin Lu
- Protein Quality Control and Diseases Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Taotao Wei
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chih-Chen Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Marek V, Potey A, Réaux-Le-Goazigo A, Reboussin E, Charbonnier A, Villette T, Baudouin C, Rostène W, Denoyer A, Mélik Parsadaniantz S. Blue light exposure in vitro causes toxicity to trigeminal neurons and glia through increased superoxide and hydrogen peroxide generation. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 131:27-39. [PMID: 30496813 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Today the noxiousness of blue light from natural and particularly artificial (fluorescent tubes, LED panels, visual displays) sources is actively discussed in the context of various ocular diseases. Many of them have an important neurologic component and are associated with ocular pain. This neuropathic signal is provided by nociceptive neurons from trigeminal ganglia. However, the phototoxicity of blue light on trigeminal neurons has not been explored so far. The aim of the present in vitro study was to investigate the cytotoxic impact of various wavebands of visible light (410-630 nm) on primary cell culture of mouse trigeminal neural and glial cells. Three-hour exposure to narrow wavebands of blue light centered at 410, 440 and 480 nm of average 1.1 mW/cm2 irradiance provoked cell death, altered cell morphology and induced oxidative stress and inflammation. These effects were not observed for other tested visible wavebands. We observed that neurons and glial cells processed the light signal in different manner, in terms of resulting superoxide and hydrogen peroxide generation, inflammatory biomarkers expression and phototoxic mitochondrial damage. We analyzed the pathways of photic signal reception, and we proposed that, in trigeminal cells, in addition to widely known mitochondria-mediated light absorption, light could be received by means of non-visual opsins, melanopsin (opn4) and neuropsin (opn5). We also investigated the mechanisms underlying the observed phototoxicity, further suggesting an important role of the endoplasmic reticulum in neuronal transmission of blue-light-toxic message. Taken together, our results give some insight into circuit of tangled pain and photosensitivity frequently observed in patients consulting for these ocular symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Marek
- R&D, Essilor International, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France.
| | - A Potey
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | | | - E Reboussin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - A Charbonnier
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - T Villette
- R&D, Essilor International, Paris, France
| | - C Baudouin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; Centre Hospitalier Nationale d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, Paris, France; Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines Université, Versailles, France
| | - W Rostène
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - A Denoyer
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; Centre Hospitalier Nationale d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, Paris, France; CHU Robert Debré, Université Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
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Dickens JA, Malzer E, Chambers JE, Marciniak SJ. Pulmonary endoplasmic reticulum stress-scars, smoke, and suffocation. FEBS J 2019; 286:322-341. [PMID: 29323786 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein misfolding within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER stress) can be a cause or consequence of pulmonary disease. Mutation of proteins restricted to the alveolar type II pneumocyte can lead to inherited forms of pulmonary fibrosis, but even sporadic cases of pulmonary fibrosis appear to be strongly associated with activation of the unfolded protein response and/or the integrated stress response. Inhalation of smoke can impair protein folding and may be an important cause of pulmonary ER stress. Similarly, tissue hypoxia can lead to impaired protein homeostasis (proteostasis). But the mechanisms linking smoke and hypoxia to ER stress are only partially understood. In this review, we will examine the role of ER stress in the pathogenesis of lung disease by focusing on fibrosis, smoke, and hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Dickens
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Elke Malzer
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Joseph E Chambers
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Stefan J Marciniak
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, UK
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Fujii J, Homma T, Kobayashi S, Seo HG. Mutual interaction between oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress in the pathogenesis of diseases specifically focusing on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Biol Chem 2018; 9:1-15. [PMID: 30364769 PMCID: PMC6198288 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v9.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced during normal physiologic processes with the consumption of oxygen. While ROS play signaling roles, when they are produced in excess beyond normal antioxidative capacity this can cause pathogenic damage to cells. The majority of such oxidation occurs in polyunsaturated fatty acids and sulfhydryl group in proteins, resulting in lipid peroxidation and protein misfolding, respectively. The accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is enhanced under conditions of oxidative stress and results in ER stress, which, together, leads to the malfunction of cellular homeostasis. Multiple types of defensive machinery are activated in unfolded protein response under ER stress to resolve this unfavorable situation. ER stress triggers the malfunction of protein secretion and is associated with a variety of pathogenic conditions including defective insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells and accelerated lipid droplet formation in hepatocytes. Herein we use nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as an illustration of such pathological liver conditions that result from ER stress in association with oxidative stress. Protecting the ER by eliminating excessive ROS via the administration of antioxidants or by enhancing lipid-metabolizing capacity via the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors represent promising therapeutics for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Fujii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Takujiro Homma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Sho Kobayashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Han Geuk Seo
- Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
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Liu M, Weiss MA, Arunagiri A, Yong J, Rege N, Sun J, Haataja L, Kaufman RJ, Arvan P. Biosynthesis, structure, and folding of the insulin precursor protein. Diabetes Obes Metab 2018; 20 Suppl 2:28-50. [PMID: 30230185 PMCID: PMC6463291 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Insulin synthesis in pancreatic β-cells is initiated as preproinsulin. Prevailing glucose concentrations, which oscillate pre- and postprandially, exert major dynamic variation in preproinsulin biosynthesis. Accompanying upregulated translation of the insulin precursor includes elements of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) translocation apparatus linked to successful orientation of the signal peptide, translocation and signal peptide cleavage of preproinsulin-all of which are necessary to initiate the pathway of proper proinsulin folding. Evolutionary pressures on the primary structure of proinsulin itself have preserved the efficiency of folding ("foldability"), and remarkably, these evolutionary pressures are distinct from those protecting the ultimate biological activity of insulin. Proinsulin foldability is manifest in the ER, in which the local environment is designed to assist in the overall load of proinsulin folding and to favour its disulphide bond formation (while limiting misfolding), all of which is closely tuned to ER stress response pathways that have complex (beneficial, as well as potentially damaging) effects on pancreatic β-cells. Proinsulin misfolding may occur as a consequence of exuberant proinsulin biosynthetic load in the ER, proinsulin coding sequence mutations, or genetic predispositions that lead to an altered ER folding environment. Proinsulin misfolding is a phenotype that is very much linked to deficient insulin production and diabetes, as is seen in a variety of contexts: rodent models bearing proinsulin-misfolding mutants, human patients with Mutant INS-gene-induced Diabetes of Youth (MIDY), animal models and human patients bearing mutations in critical ER resident proteins, and, quite possibly, in more common variety type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China 300052
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48105 MI USA
| | - Michael A. Weiss
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202 IN USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Case-Western Reserve University, Cleveland 44016 OH USA
| | - Anoop Arunagiri
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48105 MI USA
| | - Jing Yong
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92307 USA
| | - Nischay Rege
- Department of Biochemistry, Case-Western Reserve University, Cleveland 44016 OH USA
| | - Jinhong Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China 300052
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48105 MI USA
| | - Leena Haataja
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48105 MI USA
| | - Randal J. Kaufman
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92307 USA
| | - Peter Arvan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48105 MI USA
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Benham AM. Endoplasmic Reticulum redox pathways: in sickness and in health. FEBS J 2018; 286:311-321. [PMID: 30062765 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) is the major site for secretory protein production in eukaryotic cells and like an efficient factory, it has the capacity to expand or contract its output depending on the demand for its services. A primary function of the ER is to co-ordinate the quality control of proteins as they enter this folding factory at the base of the secretory pathway. Reduction-oxidation (redox) reactions have an important role to play in the quality control process, through the provision of disulphide bonds and by maintaining a favourable redox environment for oxidative protein folding. The ER is also a major contributor to calcium homeostasis and is a key site for lipid biosynthesis, two processes that additionally impact upon, and are influenced by, redox in the ER compartment.
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Fang J, Yang J, Wu X, Zhang G, Li T, Wang X, Zhang H, Wang C, Liu G, Wang L. Metformin alleviates human cellular aging by upregulating the endoplasmic reticulum glutathione peroxidase 7. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12765. [PMID: 29659168 PMCID: PMC6052468 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin, an FDA-approved antidiabetic drug, has been shown to elongate lifespan in animal models. Nevertheless, the effects of metformin on human cells remain unclear. Here, we show that low-dose metformin treatment extends the lifespan of human diploid fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells. We report that a low dose of metformin upregulates the endoplasmic reticulum-localized glutathione peroxidase 7 (GPx7). GP×7 expression levels are decreased in senescent human cells, and GPx7 depletion results in premature cellular senescence. We also indicate that metformin increases the nuclear accumulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which binds to the antioxidant response elements in the GPX7 gene promoter to induce its expression. Moreover, the metformin-Nrf2-GPx7 pathway delays aging in worms. Our study provides mechanistic insights into the beneficial effects of metformin on human cellular aging and highlights the importance of the Nrf2-GPx7 pathway in pro-longevity signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqi Fang
- National Laboratory of BiomacromoleculesCAS Center for Excellence in BiomacromoleculesInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jiping Yang
- National Laboratory of BiomacromoleculesCAS Center for Excellence in BiomacromoleculesInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xun Wu
- National Laboratory of BiomacromoleculesCAS Center for Excellence in BiomacromoleculesInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Gangming Zhang
- National Laboratory of BiomacromoleculesCAS Center for Excellence in BiomacromoleculesInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Tao Li
- National Laboratory of BiomacromoleculesCAS Center for Excellence in BiomacromoleculesInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xi'e Wang
- National Laboratory of BiomacromoleculesCAS Center for Excellence in BiomacromoleculesInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hong Zhang
- National Laboratory of BiomacromoleculesCAS Center for Excellence in BiomacromoleculesInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Chih‐chen Wang
- National Laboratory of BiomacromoleculesCAS Center for Excellence in BiomacromoleculesInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Guang‐Hui Liu
- National Laboratory of BiomacromoleculesCAS Center for Excellence in BiomacromoleculesInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Lei Wang
- National Laboratory of BiomacromoleculesCAS Center for Excellence in BiomacromoleculesInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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Smirnova OA, Bartosch B, Zakirova NF, Kochetkov SN, Ivanov AV. Polyamine Metabolism and Oxidative Protein Folding in the ER as ROS-Producing Systems Neglected in Virology. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041219. [PMID: 29673197 PMCID: PMC5979612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in various cell compartments by an array of enzymes and processes. An excess of ROS production can be hazardous for normal cell functioning, whereas at normal levels, ROS act as vital regulators of many signal transduction pathways and transcription factors. ROS production is affected by a wide range of viruses. However, to date, the impact of viral infections has been studied only in respect to selected ROS-generating enzymes. The role of several ROS-generating and -scavenging enzymes or cellular systems in viral infections has never been addressed. In this review, we focus on the roles of biogenic polyamines and oxidative protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and their interplay with viruses. Polyamines act as ROS scavengers, however, their catabolism is accompanied by H2O2 production. Hydrogen peroxide is also produced during oxidative protein folding, with ER oxidoreductin 1 (Ero1) being a major source of oxidative equivalents. In addition, Ero1 controls Ca2+ efflux from the ER in response to e.g., ER stress. Here, we briefly summarize the current knowledge on the physiological roles of biogenic polyamines and the role of Ero1 at the ER, and present available data on their interplay with viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Smirnova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 32, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Birke Bartosch
- Cancer Research Center Lyon, INSERM U1052 and CNRS 5286, Lyon University, 69003 Lyon, France.
- DevWeCan Laboratories of Excellence Network (Labex), Lyon 69003, France.
| | - Natalia F Zakirova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 32, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Sergey N Kochetkov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 32, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Alexander V Ivanov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 32, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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Delaunay-Moisan A, Ponsero A, Toledano MB. Reexamining the Function of Glutathione in Oxidative Protein Folding and Secretion. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:1178-1199. [PMID: 28791880 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Disturbance of glutathione (GSH) metabolism is a hallmark of numerous diseases, yet GSH functions are poorly understood. One key to this question is to consider its functional compartmentation. GSH is present in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where it competes with substrates for oxidation by the oxidative folding machinery, composed in eukaryotes of the thiol oxidase Ero1 and proteins from the disulfide isomerase family (protein disulfide isomerase). Yet, whether GSH is required for proper ER oxidative protein folding is a highly debated question. Recent Advances: Oxidative protein folding has been thoroughly dissected over the past decades, and its actors and their mode of action elucidated. Genetically encoded GSH probes have recently provided an access to subcellular redox metabolism, including the ER. CRITICAL ISSUES Of the few often-contradictory models of the role of GSH in the ER, the most popular suggest it serves as reducing power. Yet, as a reductant, GSH also activates Ero1, which questions how GSH can nevertheless support protein reduction. Hence, whether GSH operates in the ER as a reductant, an oxidant, or just as a "blank" compound mirroring ER/periplasm redox activity is a highly debated question, which is further stimulated by the puzzling occurrence of GSH in the Escherichia coli periplasmic "secretory" compartment, aside from the Dsb thiol-reducing and oxidase pathways. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Addressing the mechanisms controlling GSH traffic in and out of the ER/periplasm and its recycling will help address GSH function in secretion. In addition, as thioredoxin reductase was recently implicated in ER oxidative protein folding, the relative contribution of each of these two reducing pathways should now be addressed. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 1178-1199.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Delaunay-Moisan
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), LSOC, SBIGEM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud , Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Alise Ponsero
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), LSOC, SBIGEM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud , Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Michel B Toledano
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), LSOC, SBIGEM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud , Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Mehmeti I, Lortz S, Avezov E, Jörns A, Lenzen S. ER-resident antioxidative GPx7 and GPx8 enzyme isoforms protect insulin-secreting INS-1E β-cells against lipotoxicity by improving the ER antioxidative capacity. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 112:121-130. [PMID: 28751022 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Increased circulating levels of saturated fatty acids (FFAs) and glucose are considered to be major mediators of β-cell dysfunction and death in T2DM. Although it has been proposed that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and oxidative stress play a crucial role in gluco/lipotoxicity, their interplay and relative contribution to β-cell dysfunction and apoptosis has not been fully elucidated. In addition it is still unclear how palmitate - the physiologically most abundant long-chain saturated FFA - elicits ER stress and which immediate signals commit β-cells to apoptosis. To study the underlying mechanisms of palmitate-mediated ER stress and β-cell toxicity, we exploited the observation that the recently described ER-resident GPx7 and GPx8 are not expressed in rat β-cells. Expression of GPx7 or GPx8 attenuated FFAs-mediated H2O2 generation, ER stress, and apoptosis induction. These results could be confirmed by a H2O2-specific inactivating ER catalase, indicating that accumulation of H2O2 in the ER lumen is critical in FFA-induced ER stress. Furthermore, neither the expression of GPx7 nor of GPx8 increased insulin content or facilitated disulfide bond formation in insulin-secreting INS-1E cells. Hence, reduction of H2O2 by ER-GPx isoforms is not rate-limiting in oxidative protein folding in rat β-cells. These data suggest that FFA-mediated ER stress is partially dependent on oxidative stress and selective expression of GPx7 or GPx8 improves the ER antioxidative capacity of rat β-cells without compromising insulin production and the oxidative protein folding machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilir Mehmeti
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Stephan Lortz
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Edward Avezov
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, the Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Jörns
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sigurd Lenzen
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Institute of Experimental Diabetes Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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Abstract
Cysteine thiols are among the most reactive functional groups in proteins, and their pairing in disulfide linkages is a common post-translational modification in proteins entering the secretory pathway. This modest amino acid alteration, the mere removal of a pair of hydrogen atoms from juxtaposed cysteine residues, contrasts with the substantial changes that characterize most other post-translational reactions. However, the wide variety of proteins that contain disulfides, the profound impact of cross-linking on the behavior of the protein polymer, the numerous and diverse players in intracellular pathways for disulfide formation, and the distinct biological settings in which disulfide bond formation can take place belie the simplicity of the process. Here we lay the groundwork for appreciating the mechanisms and consequences of disulfide bond formation in vivo by reviewing chemical principles underlying cysteine pairing and oxidation. We then show how enzymes tune redox-active cofactors and recruit oxidants to improve the specificity and efficiency of disulfide formation. Finally, we discuss disulfide bond formation in a cellular context and identify important principles that contribute to productive thiol oxidation in complex, crowded, dynamic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Fass
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Colin Thorpe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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Gutiérrez T, Simmen T. Endoplasmic reticulum chaperones tweak the mitochondrial calcium rheostat to control metabolism and cell death. Cell Calcium 2017; 70:64-75. [PMID: 28619231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The folding of secretory proteins is a well-understood mechanism, based on decades of research on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperones. These chaperones interact with newly imported polypeptides close to the ER translocon. Classic examples for these proteins include the immunoglobulin binding protein (BiP/GRP78), and the lectins calnexin and calreticulin. Although not considered chaperones per se, the ER oxidoreductases of the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family complete the folding job by catalyzing the formation of disulfide bonds through cysteine oxidation. Research from the past decade has demonstrated that ER chaperones are multifunctional proteins. The regulation of ER-mitochondria Ca2+ crosstalk is one of their additional functions, as shown for calnexin, BiP/GRP78 or the oxidoreductases Ero1α and TMX1. This function depends on interactions of this group of proteins with the ER Ca2+ handling machinery. This novel function makes perfect sense for two reasons: i. It allows ER chaperones to control mitochondrial apoptosis instantly without a lengthy bypass involving the upregulation of pro-apoptotic transcription factors via the unfolded protein response (UPR); and ii. It allows the ER protein folding machinery to fine-tune ATP import via controlling the speed of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Therefore, the role of ER chaperones in regulating ER-mitochondria Ca2+ flux identifies the progression of secretory protein folding as a central regulator of cell survival and death, at least in cell types that secrete large amount of proteins. In other cell types, ER protein folding might serve as a sentinel mechanism that monitors cellular well-being to control cell metabolism and apoptosis. The selenoprotein SEPN1 is a classic example for such a role. Through the control of ER-mitochondria Ca2+-flux, ER chaperones and folding assistants guide cellular apoptosis and mitochondrial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Gutiérrez
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G2H7, Canada
| | - Thomas Simmen
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G2H7, Canada,.
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Chemistry and biology of reactive species with special reference to the antioxidative defence status in pancreatic β-cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:1929-1942. [PMID: 28527893 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is a serious metabolic disease. Dysfunction and subsequent loss of the β-cells in the islets of Langerhans through apoptosis ultimately cause a life-threatening insulin deficiency. The underlying reason for the particular vulnerability of the β-cells is an extraordinary sensitivity to the toxicity of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) due to its low antioxidative defense status. SCOPE REVIEW This review considers the different aspects of the chemistry and biology of the biologically most important reactive species and their chemico-biological interactions in the β-cell toxicity of proinflammatory cytokines in type 1 diabetes and of lipotoxicity in type 2 diabetes development. MAJOR CONCLUSION The weak antioxidative defense equipment in the different subcellular organelles makes the β-cells particularly vulnerable and prone to mitochondrial, peroxisomal and ER stress. Looking upon the enzyme deficiencies which are responsible for the low antioxidative defense status of the pancreatic β-cells it is the lack of enzymatic capacity for H2O2 inactivation at all major subcellular sites. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Diabetes is the most prevalent metabolic disorder with a steadily increasing incidence of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes worldwide. The weak protection of the pancreatic β-cells against oxidative stress is a major reason for their particular vulnerability. Thus, careful protection of the β-cells is required for prevention of the disease.
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Melo EP, Lopes C, Gollwitzer P, Lortz S, Lenzen S, Mehmeti I, Kaminski CF, Ron D, Avezov E. TriPer, an optical probe tuned to the endoplasmic reticulum tracks changes in luminal H 2O 2. BMC Biol 2017; 15:24. [PMID: 28347335 PMCID: PMC5368998 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-017-0367-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The fate of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has been inferred indirectly from the activity of ER-localized thiol oxidases and peroxiredoxins, in vitro, and the consequences of their genetic manipulation, in vivo. Over the years hints have suggested that glutathione, puzzlingly abundant in the ER lumen, might have a role in reducing the heavy burden of H2O2 produced by the luminal enzymatic machinery for disulfide bond formation. However, limitations in existing organelle-targeted H2O2 probes have rendered them inert in the thiol-oxidizing ER, precluding experimental follow-up of glutathione’s role in ER H2O2 metabolism. Results Here we report on the development of TriPer, a vital optical probe sensitive to changes in the concentration of H2O2 in the thiol-oxidizing environment of the ER. Consistent with the hypothesized contribution of oxidative protein folding to H2O2 production, ER-localized TriPer detected an increase in the luminal H2O2 signal upon induction of pro-insulin (a disulfide-bonded protein of pancreatic β-cells), which was attenuated by the ectopic expression of catalase in the ER lumen. Interfering with glutathione production in the cytosol by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) or enhancing its localized destruction by expression of the glutathione-degrading enzyme ChaC1 in the lumen of the ER further enhanced the luminal H2O2 signal and eroded β-cell viability. Conclusions A tri-cysteine system with a single peroxidatic thiol enables H2O2 detection in oxidizing milieux such as that of the ER. Tracking ER H2O2 in live pancreatic β-cells points to a role for glutathione in H2O2 turnover. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12915-017-0367-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Pinho Melo
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, the Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.,Centre for Biomedical Research, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Carlos Lopes
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Peter Gollwitzer
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, the Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Stephan Lortz
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Sigurd Lenzen
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Ilir Mehmeti
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Clemens F Kaminski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3RA, UK
| | - David Ron
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, the Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
| | - Edward Avezov
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, the Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
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Hempel N, Trebak M. Crosstalk between calcium and reactive oxygen species signaling in cancer. Cell Calcium 2017; 63:70-96. [PMID: 28143649 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The interplay between Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling pathways is well established, with reciprocal regulation occurring at a number of subcellular locations. Many Ca2+ channels at the cell surface and intracellular organelles, including the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria are regulated by redox modifications. In turn, Ca2+ signaling can influence the cellular generation of ROS, from sources such as NADPH oxidases and mitochondria. This relationship has been explored in great depth during the process of apoptosis, where surges of Ca2+ and ROS are important mediators of cell death. More recently, coordinated and localized Ca2+ and ROS transients appear to play a major role in a vast variety of pro-survival signaling pathways that may be crucial for both physiological and pathophysiological functions. While much work is required to firmly establish this Ca2+-ROS relationship in cancer, existing evidence from other disease models suggests this crosstalk is likely of significant importance in tumorigenesis. In this review, we describe the regulation of Ca2+ channels and transporters by oxidants and discuss the potential consequences of the ROS-Ca2+ interplay in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Hempel
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey PA 17033, United States; Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey PA 17033, United States.
| | - Mohamed Trebak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey PA 17033, United States; Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey PA 17033, United States.
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46
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Chang CH, Lo WY, Lee TH. The Antioxidant Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) Exhibits Different Profiles in the Livers of Seawater- and Fresh Water-Acclimated Milkfish, Chanos chanos, upon Hypothermal Challenge. Front Physiol 2016; 7:580. [PMID: 27965586 PMCID: PMC5126087 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A tropical species, the euryhaline milkfish (Chanos chanos), is a crucial economic species in Southeast Asia and is intolerant of water temperature below 12°C. Large numbers of milkfish die during cold periods in winter. Hypothermal environments usually increase oxidative stress in teleosts, and the liver is the major organ for anti-oxidative responses in the body. Peroxiredoxin-6 (Prdx6) in mammals is a multi-functional enzyme and acts as both glutathione peroxidase, phospholipase A2 and acyl-transferase for maintenance of redox status and prevention of cell membrane peroxidation. Prdx6 can protect cells from oxidant-induced membrane damage by translocating the Prdx6 protein from the cytosol to the membrane. Upon cold stress, Ccprdx6 transcript levels were up-regulated after 24 h and 96 h in livers of fresh water (FW)- and seawater (SW)-acclimated milkfish, respectively. In the hypothermal FW group, the Prdx6 protein was up-regulated in the cytosol of hepatocytes with a similar role as glutathione peroxidase to reduce oxidative stress upon hypothermal challenge. Conversely, in hypothermal SW milkfish, total Prdx6 protein was down-regulated. However, cytosolic Prdx6 protein was translocated to the membrane, using the ability of phospholipase A2 to stabilize the membrane redox state. Moreover, H2O2 content was increased in FW-acclimated milkfish livers upon hypothermal challenge. Ex vivo H2O2 treatment of milkfish livers also induced Ccprdx6 transcriptional expression, which provided more evidence of the antioxidant role of milkfish Prdx6. Taken together, upon hypothermal challenge, greater oxidative stress in livers of FW-acclimated milkfish rather than SW-acclimated individuals led to different profiles of hepatic CcPrdx6 expression between the FW and SW group. The results indicated that CcPrdx6 played the role of antioxidant with different mechanisms, i.e., binding to reactive oxygen species and stabilizing membrane fluidity, in livers of hypothermal FW and SW milkfish, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hao Chang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yu Lo
- Department of Biotechnology, Hung Kuang University Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Han Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung, Taiwan; Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
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Appenzeller-Herzog C, Bánhegyi G, Bogeski I, Davies KJA, Delaunay-Moisan A, Forman HJ, Görlach A, Kietzmann T, Laurindo F, Margittai E, Meyer AJ, Riemer J, Rützler M, Simmen T, Sitia R, Toledano MB, Touw IP. Transit of H2O2 across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane is not sluggish. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 94:157-60. [PMID: 26928585 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cellular metabolism provides various sources of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in different organelles and compartments. The suitability of H2O2 as an intracellular signaling molecule therefore also depends on its ability to pass cellular membranes. The propensity of the membranous boundary of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to let pass H2O2 has been discussed controversially. In this essay, we challenge the recent proposal that the ER membrane constitutes a simple barrier for H2O2 diffusion and support earlier data showing that (i) ample H2O2 permeability of the ER membrane is a prerequisite for signal transduction, (ii) aquaporin channels are crucially involved in the facilitation of H2O2 permeation, and (iii) a proper experimental framework not prone to artifacts is necessary to further unravel the role of H2O2 permeation in signal transduction and organelle biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabor Bánhegyi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1428, Hungary
| | - Ivan Bogeski
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Saarland, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Kelvin J A Davies
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center; and Division of Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences of the Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA; Division of Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Agnès Delaunay-Moisan
- Laboratoire Stress Oxydant et Cancers, CEA-Saclay, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Henry Jay Forman
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center; and Division of Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences of the Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Agnes Görlach
- Experimental and Molecular Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich at the TU Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Kietzmann
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90210 Oulu, Finland
| | - Francisco Laurindo
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, CEP 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eva Margittai
- Institute of Human Physiology and Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1428, Hungary
| | - Andreas J Meyer
- INRES-Chemical Signalling, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan Riemer
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Rützler
- Institute for Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Thomas Simmen
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G2H7
| | - Roberto Sitia
- Protein Transport and Secretion Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS, Ospedale San Raffaele/Universita' Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Michel B Toledano
- Laboratoire Stress Oxydant et Cancers, CEA-Saclay, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Ivo P Touw
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Department of Hematology, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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48
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Ellgaard L, McCaul N, Chatsisvili A, Braakman I. Co- and Post-Translational Protein Folding in the ER. Traffic 2016; 17:615-38. [PMID: 26947578 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The biophysical rules that govern folding of small, single-domain proteins in dilute solutions are now quite well understood. The mechanisms underlying co-translational folding of multidomain and membrane-spanning proteins in complex cellular environments are often less clear. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) produces a plethora of membrane and secretory proteins, which must fold and assemble correctly before ER exit - if these processes fail, misfolded species accumulate in the ER or are degraded. The ER differs from other cellular organelles in terms of the physicochemical environment and the variety of ER-specific protein modifications. Here, we review chaperone-assisted co- and post-translational folding and assembly in the ER and underline the influence of protein modifications on these processes. We emphasize how method development has helped advance the field by allowing researchers to monitor the progression of folding as it occurs inside living cells, while at the same time probing the intricate relationship between protein modifications during folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Ellgaard
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicholas McCaul
- Cellular Protein Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Chatsisvili
- Cellular Protein Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ineke Braakman
- Cellular Protein Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Prior KK, Wittig I, Leisegang MS, Groenendyk J, Weissmann N, Michalak M, Jansen-Dürr P, Shah AM, Brandes RP. The Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone Calnexin Is a NADPH Oxidase NOX4 Interacting Protein. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:7045-59. [PMID: 26861875 PMCID: PMC4807287 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.710772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the family of NADPH oxidases, NOX4 is unique as it is predominantly localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, has constitutive activity, and generates hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). We hypothesize that these features are consequences of a so far unidentified NOX4-interacting protein. Two-dimensional blue native (BN) electrophorese combined with SDS-PAGE yielded NOX4 to reside in macromolecular complexes. Interacting proteins were screened by quantitative SILAC (stable isotope labeling of amino acids in cell culture) co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) in HEK293 cells stably overexpressing NOX4. By this technique, several interacting proteins were identified with calnexin showing the most robust interaction. Calnexin also resided in NOX4-containing complexes as demonstrated by complexome profiling from BN-PAGE. The calnexin NOX4 interaction could be confirmed by reverse Co-IP and proximity ligation assay, whereas NOX1, NOX2, or NOX5 did not interact with calnexin. Calnexin deficiency as studied in mouse embryonic fibroblasts from calnexin−/− mice or in response to calnexin shRNA reduced cellular NOX4 protein expression and reactive oxygen species formation. Our results suggest that endogenous NOX4 forms macromolecular complexes with calnexin, which are needed for the proper maturation, processing, and function of NOX4 in the endoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim-Kristin Prior
- From the Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, 60590 Germany, the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ilka Wittig
- the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany the Functional Proteomics, SFB 815 Core Unit, Goethe-Universität, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany, the Cluster of Excellence "Macromolecular Complexes," Goethe-Universität, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Matthias S Leisegang
- From the Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, 60590 Germany, the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jody Groenendyk
- the Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- the Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Justus-Liebig-University Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 60590 Giessen, Germany
| | - Marek Michalak
- the Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Pidder Jansen-Dürr
- the Institute for Biomedical Ageing Research and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Insbruk, Austria
| | - Ajay M Shah
- the King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, Cardiovascular Division, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom, and
| | - Ralf P Brandes
- From the Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, 60590 Germany, the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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