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Zhu YF, Yu RH, Zhou S, Tang PP, Zhang R, Wu YX, Xu R, Wei JM, Wang YY, Zhang JL, Li MK, Shi XJ, Zhang YW, Liu GZ, Thorne RF, Zhang XD, Wu M, Chen S. TAX1BP1 and FIP200 orchestrate non-canonical autophagy of p62 aggregates for mouse neural stem cell maintenance. Zool Res 2024; 45:937-950. [PMID: 39021082 PMCID: PMC11298671 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy plays a pivotal role in diverse biological processes, including the maintenance and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs). Interestingly, while complete deletion of Fip200 severely impairs NSC maintenance and differentiation, inhibiting canonical autophagy via deletion of core genes, such as Atg5, Atg16l1, and Atg7, or blockade of canonical interactions between FIP200 and ATG13 (designated as FIP200-4A mutant or FIP200 KI) does not produce comparable detrimental effects. This highlights the likely critical involvement of the non-canonical functions of FIP200, the mechanisms of which have remained elusive. Here, utilizing genetic mouse models, we demonstrated that FIP200 mediates non-canonical autophagic degradation of p62/sequestome1, primarily via TAX1BP1 in NSCs. Conditional deletion of Tax1bp1 in fip200 hGFAP conditional knock-in (cKI) mice led to NSC deficiency, resembling the fip200 hGFAP conditional knockout (cKO) mouse phenotype. Notably, reintroducing wild-type TAX1BP1 not only restored the maintenance of NSCs derived from tax1bp1-knockout fip200 hGFAP cKI mice but also led to a marked reduction in p62 aggregate accumulation. Conversely, a TAX1BP1 mutant incapable of binding to FIP200 or NBR1/p62 failed to achieve this restoration. Furthermore, conditional deletion of Tax1bp1 in fip200 hGFAP cKO mice exacerbated NSC deficiency and p62 aggregate accumulation compared to fip200 hGFAP cKO mice. Collectively, these findings illustrate the essential role of the FIP200-TAX1BP1 axis in mediating the non-canonical autophagic degradation of p62 aggregates towards NSC maintenance and function, presenting novel therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fu Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Rong-Hua Yu
- Translational Research Institute of Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People''s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450053, China
| | - Shuai Zhou
- Translational Research Institute of Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People''s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450053, China
| | - Pei-Pei Tang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Translational Research Institute of Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People''s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450053, China
| | - Yu-Xin Wu
- Translational Research Institute of Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People''s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450053, China
| | - Ran Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Jia-Ming Wei
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, China
| | - Ying-Ying Wang
- Translational Research Institute of Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People''s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450053, China
| | - Jia-Li Zhang
- Translational Research Institute of Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People''s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450053, China
| | - Meng-Ke Li
- Translational Research Institute of Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People''s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450053, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Shi
- Laboratory Animal Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Yu-Wei Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Stem cell Differentiation and Modification, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450053, China
| | - Guang-Zhi Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Stem cell Differentiation and Modification, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450053, China
| | - Rick F Thorne
- Translational Research Institute of Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People''s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450053, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Xu Dong Zhang
- Translational Research Institute of Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People''s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450053, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Mian Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
- Translational Research Institute of Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People''s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450053, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Stem cell Differentiation and Modification, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450053, China. E-mail:
| | - Song Chen
- Translational Research Institute of Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People''s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450053, China
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Stem cell Differentiation and Modification, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450053, China. E-mail:
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2
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Tang X, Walter E, Wohleb E, Fan Y, Wang C. ATG5 (autophagy related 5) in microglia controls hippocampal neurogenesis in Alzheimer disease. Autophagy 2024; 20:847-862. [PMID: 37915255 PMCID: PMC11062374 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2277634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is the intracellular degradation process of cytoplasmic content and damaged organelles. Autophagy is strongly associated with the progression of Alzheimer disease (AD). Microglia are brain-resident macrophages, and recent studies indicate that autophagy in microglia protects neurons from neurodegeneration. Postnatal neurogenesis, the generation of new neurons from adult neural stem cells (NSCs), is impaired in AD patients as well as in AD animal models. However, the extent to which microglial autophagy influences adult NSCs and neurogenesis in AD animal models has not been studied. Here, we showed that conditional knock out (cKO) of Atg5 (autophagy related 5) in microglia inhibited postnatal neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus, but not in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of a 5×FAD mouse model. Interestingly, the protection of neurogenesis by Atg5 in microglia was only observed in female AD mice. To confirm the roles of autophagy in microglia for postnatal hippocampal neurogenesis, we generated additional cKO mice to delete autophagy essential genes Rb1cc1 or Atg14 in microglia. However, these rb1cc1 cKO and atg14 cKO mice did not exhibit neurogenesis defects in the context of a female AD mouse model. Last, we used the CSF1R antagonist to deplete ATG5-deficient microglia and this intervention restored neurogenesis in the hippocampus of 5×FAD mice. These results indicate that microglial ATG5 is essential to maintain postnatal hippocampal neurogenesis in a mouse model of AD. Our findings further support the notion that ATG5 in microglia supports NSC health and may prevent neurodegeneration.Abbreviations: 5×FAD: familial Alzheimer disease; Aβ: β-amyloid; AD: Alzheimer disease; AIF1: allograft inflammatory factor 1; ATG: autophagy related; BrdU: 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine; CA: Cornu Ammonis; cKO: conditional knock out; CSF1R: colony stimulating factor 1 receptor; Ctrl: control; DCX: doublecortin; DG: dentate gyrus; GFAP: glial fibrillary acidic protein; GZ: granular zone; H&E: hematoxylin and eosin; IF: immunofluorescence; LD: lipid droplet; LDAM: lipid droplets accumulated microglia; LPS: lipopolysaccharides; MAP1LC3B/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; NSCs: neural stem cells; RB1CC1: RB1-inducible coiled-coil 1; SOX2: SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2; SGZ: subgranular zone; SVZ: subventricular zone; WT: wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ellen Walter
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Eric Wohleb
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yanbo Fan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Chenran Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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3
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Liénard C, Pintart A, Bomont P. Neuronal Autophagy: Regulations and Implications in Health and Disease. Cells 2024; 13:103. [PMID: 38201307 PMCID: PMC10778363 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a major degradative pathway that plays a key role in sustaining cell homeostasis, integrity, and physiological functions. Macroautophagy, which ensures the clearance of cytoplasmic components engulfed in a double-membrane autophagosome that fuses with lysosomes, is orchestrated by a complex cascade of events. Autophagy has a particularly strong impact on the nervous system, and mutations in core components cause numerous neurological diseases. We first review the regulation of autophagy, from autophagosome biogenesis to lysosomal degradation and associated neurodevelopmental/neurodegenerative disorders. We then describe how this process is specifically regulated in the axon and in the somatodendritic compartment and how it is altered in diseases. In particular, we present the neuronal specificities of autophagy, with the spatial control of autophagosome biogenesis, the close relationship of maturation with axonal transport, and the regulation by synaptic activity. Finally, we discuss the physiological functions of autophagy in the nervous system, during development and in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Liénard
- NeuroMyoGene Institute—PGNM, CNRS UMR 5261—INSERM U1315, University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France; (C.L.); (A.P.)
- CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Alexandre Pintart
- NeuroMyoGene Institute—PGNM, CNRS UMR 5261—INSERM U1315, University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France; (C.L.); (A.P.)
| | - Pascale Bomont
- NeuroMyoGene Institute—PGNM, CNRS UMR 5261—INSERM U1315, University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France; (C.L.); (A.P.)
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4
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Xie Z, Meng J, Wu Z, Nakanishi H, Hayashi Y, Kong W, Lan F, Narengaowa, Yang Q, Qing H, Ni J. The Dual Nature of Microglia in Alzheimer's Disease: A Microglia-Neuron Crosstalk Perspective. Neuroscientist 2023; 29:616-638. [PMID: 35348415 DOI: 10.1177/10738584211070273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are critical players in the neuroimmune system, and their involvement in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis is increasingly being recognized. However, whether microglia play a positive or negative role in AD remains largely controversial and the precise molecular targets for intervention are not well defined. This partly results from the opposing roles of microglia in AD pathology, and is mainly reflected in the microglia-neuron interaction. Microglia can prune synapses resulting in excessive synapse loss and neuronal dysfunction, but they can also promote synapse formation, enhancing neural network plasticity. Neuroimmune crosstalk accelerates microglial activation, which induces neuron death and enhances the microglial phagocytosis of β-amyloid to protect neurons. Moreover, microglia have dual opposing roles in developing the major pathological features in AD, such as amyloid deposition and blood-brain barrier permeability. This review summarizes the dual opposing role of microglia in AD from the perspective of the interaction between neurons and microglia. Additionally, current AD treatments targeting microglia and the advantages and disadvantages of developing microglia-targeted therapeutic strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xie
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Department of Biology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
- Research Center for Resource Peptide Drugs, Shanxi Engineering & Technological Research Center for Conversation & Utilization of Regional Biological Resources, Yanan University, Yanan, China
| | - Jie Meng
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhou Wu
- Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakanishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hayashi
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wei Kong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Department of Biology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Lan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Department of Biology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Narengaowa
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Department of Biology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghu Yang
- Research Center for Resource Peptide Drugs, Shanxi Engineering & Technological Research Center for Conversation & Utilization of Regional Biological Resources, Yanan University, Yanan, China
| | - Hong Qing
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Department of Biology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Junjun Ni
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Department of Biology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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5
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Angst G, Tang X, Wang C. Functional Analysis of a Novel Immortalized Murine Microglia Cell Line in 3D Spheroid Model. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:2857-2869. [PMID: 37195378 PMCID: PMC10694847 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03952-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are the residential immune cells of central nervous system and they are crucial for brain development and homeostasis, as well as the progression of inflammatory brain diseases. To study microglia's physiological and pathological functions, one of the most widely used models is primary microglia culture from neonatal rodents. However, primary microglia culture is time consuming and needs a great number of animals. In our microglia culture, we found a strain of spontaneously immortalized microglia that continued to divide without any known genetic intervention. We confirmed the immortalization of these cells for uninterrupted thirty passages and we named them as immortalized microglia like-1 cells (iMG-1). The iMG-1 cells kept their microglia morphology, and they expressed macrophage/microglia-specific proteins of CD11b, CD68, P2RY12, and IBA1 in vitro. iMG-1 cells were responsive to inflammatory stimulations with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (pIpC), triggering increased mRNA/protein levels of IL1-β, IL-6, TNF-α, and interferons. LPS and pIpC treated iMG-1 cells also significantly increased their accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs). We also generated a 3D spheroid model using immortalized neural progenitor cells and iMG-1 cells with defined percentages to study neuroinflammation. The iMG-1 cells distributed evenly in spheroids, and they regulated the basal mRNA levels of cytokines of neural progenitors in 3D spheroid. iMG-1 cells were responsive to LPS by increased expression of IL-6 and IL1-β in spheroids. Together, this study indicated the reliability of iMG-1 which could be readily available to study the physiological and pathological functions of microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Angst
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Xin Tang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Chenran Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
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6
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Yi F, Cai C, Ruan B, Hao M, Yeo SK, Haas M, Yang F, Zhang X, Guan JL. Regulation of RB1CC1/FIP200 stability and autophagy function by CREBBP-mediated acetylation in an intrinsically disordered region. Autophagy 2023; 19:1662-1677. [PMID: 36394358 PMCID: PMC10262773 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2148432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
RB1CC1/FIP200 is an essential macroautophagy/autophagy protein that plays an important role in a variety of biological and disease processes through its canonical autophagy-dependent and -independent functions. However, it remains largely unknown whether post-translational modifications could regulate RB1CC1 and its associated autophagy functions. Here, we report acetylation of several lysine residues of RB1CC1 by acetyltransferase CREBBP (CREB binding protein), with K276 as the major CREBBP acetylation site. K276 is also identified as a ubiquitination site by mass spectrometry, and acetylation at this site reduces ubiquitination of RB1CC1 to inhibit its ubiquitin-dependent degradation. We also find that RB1CC1 contains an N-terminal intrinsically disordered region (IDR) capable of forming liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in vitro, which may drive formation of RB1CC1 puncta with LLPS properties in cells independent of SQSTM1/p62 and other autophagy receptors CALCOCO2/NDP52, NBR1, TAX1BP1 and OPTN. Mutational analysis shows that both K276 acetylation and the N-terminal IDR containing it are important for maintaining canonical autophagy function of RB1CC1 in breast cancer cells. Our findings demonstrate regulation of RB1CC1 by a new post-translational mechanism and suggest potential therapeutic application of inducing RB1CC1 degradation through blocking K276 acetylation in the treatment of cancer and other diseases.Abbreviations: Baf-A1: bafilomycin A1; CREBBP/CBP: CREB binding protein; CHX: cycloheximide; EP300/p300: E1A binding protein p300; FRAP: fluorescence recovery after photobleaching; HADCs: histone deacetylases; IDR: intrinsically disordered region; LLPS: liquid-liquid phase separation; KAT2A/GCN5: lysine acetyltransferase 2A; KAT2B/PCAF: lysine acetyltransferase 2B; KAT5/TIP60: lysine acetyltransferase 5; KAT8/MOF: lysine acetyltransferase 8; NAM: nicotinamide; PAS: phagophore assembly site; PEG-8000: polyethylene glycol 8000; RB1CC1/FIP200: RB1 inducible coiled-coil 1; TSA: trichostatin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yi
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH45267, USA
| | - Chunmiao Cai
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH45267, USA
| | - Banzhan Ruan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH45267, USA
| | - Mingang Hao
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH45267, USA
| | - Syn Kok Yeo
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH45267, USA
| | - Michael Haas
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH45267, USA
| | - Fuchun Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH45267, USA
| | - Xiaoting Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH45267, USA
| | - Jun-Lin Guan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH45267, USA
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7
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Wen J, Zellner A, Braun NC, Bajaj T, Gassen NC, Peitz M, Brüstle O. Loss of function of FIP200 in human pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons leads to axonal pathology and hyperactivity. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:143. [PMID: 37137886 PMCID: PMC10156752 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02432-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
FIP200 plays important roles in homeostatic processes such as autophagy and signaling pathways such as focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling. Furthermore, genetic studies suggest an association of FIP200 mutations with psychiatric disorders. However, its potential connections to psychiatric disorders and specific roles in human neurons are not clear. We set out to establish a human-specific model to study the functional consequences of neuronal FIP200 deficiency. To this end, we generated two independent sets of isogenic human pluripotent stem cell lines with homozygous FIP200KO alleles, which were then used for the derivation of glutamatergic neurons via forced expression of NGN2. FIP200KO neurons exhibited pathological axonal swellings, showed autophagy deficiency, and subsequently elevated p62 protein levels. Moreover, monitoring the electrophysiological activity of neuronal cultures on multi-electrode arrays revealed that FIP200KO resulted in a hyperactive network. This hyperactivity could be abolished by glutamatergic receptor antagonist CNQX, suggesting a strengthened glutamatergic synaptic activation in FIP200KO neurons. Furthermore, cell surface proteomic analysis revealed metabolic dysregulation and abnormal cell adhesion-related processes in FIP200KO neurons. Interestingly, an ULK1/2-specific autophagy inhibitor could recapitulate axonal swellings and hyperactivity in wild-type neurons, whereas inhibition of FAK signaling was able to normalize the hyperactivity of FIP200KO neurons. These results suggest that impaired autophagy and presumably also disinhibition of FAK can contribute to the hyperactivity of FIP200KO neuronal networks, whereas pathological axonal swellings are primarily due to autophagy deficiency. Taken together, our study reveals the consequences of FIP200 deficiency in induced human glutamatergic neurons, which might, in the end, help to understand cellular pathomechanisms contributing to neuropsychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Wen
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Andreas Zellner
- Research Group Neurohomeostasis, Clinic and Polyclinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn Medical Faculty & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nils Christian Braun
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Bajaj
- Research Group Neurohomeostasis, Clinic and Polyclinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn Medical Faculty & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nils Christian Gassen
- Research Group Neurohomeostasis, Clinic and Polyclinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn Medical Faculty & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Peitz
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
- Cell Programming Core Facility, University of Bonn Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Oliver Brüstle
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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8
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Li J, Gong SH, He YL, Cao Y, Chen Y, Huang GH, Wang YF, Zhao M, Cheng X, Zhou YZ, Zhao T, Zhao YQ, Fan M, Wu HT, Zhu LL, Wu LY. Autophagy Is Essential for Neural Stem Cell Proliferation Promoted by Hypoxia. Stem Cells 2023; 41:77-92. [PMID: 36208284 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia as a microenvironment or niche stimulates proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs). However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Autophagy is a protective mechanism by which recycled cellular components and energy are rapidly supplied to the cell under stress. Whether autophagy mediates the proliferation of NSCs under hypoxia and how hypoxia induces autophagy remain unclear. Here, we report that hypoxia facilitates embryonic NSC proliferation through HIF-1/mTORC1 signaling pathway-mediated autophagy. Initially, we found that hypoxia greatly induced autophagy in NSCs, while inhibition of autophagy severely impeded the proliferation of NSCs in hypoxia conditions. Next, we demonstrated that the hypoxia core regulator HIF-1 was necessary and sufficient for autophagy induction in NSCs. Considering that mTORC1 is a key switch that suppresses autophagy, we subsequently analyzed the effect of HIF-1 on mTORC1 activity. Our results showed that the mTORC1 activity was negatively regulated by HIF-1. Finally, we provided evidence that HIF-1 regulated mTORC1 activity via its downstream target gene BNIP3. The increased expression of BNIP3 under hypoxia enhanced autophagy activity and proliferation of NSCs, which was mediated by repressing the activity of mTORC1. We further illustrated that BNIP3 can interact with Rheb, a canonical activator of mTORC1. Thus, we suppose that the interaction of BNIP3 with Rheb reduces the regulation of Rheb toward mTORC1 activity, which relieves the suppression of mTORC1 on autophagy, thereby promoting the rapid proliferation of NSCs. Altogether, this study identified a new HIF-1/BNIP3-Rheb/mTORC1 signaling axis, which regulates the NSC proliferation under hypoxia through induction of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Hui Gong
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Ling He
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Hai Huang
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Zhao Zhou
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Qi Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Fan
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Tao Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Ling Zhu
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Nanhua, Hengyang, China
| | - Li-Ying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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9
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Zhu R, Luo Y, Li S, Wang Z. The role of microglial autophagy in Parkinson's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1039780. [PMID: 36389074 PMCID: PMC9664157 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1039780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Studies have shown that abnormal accumulation of α-synuclein (α-Syn) in the substantia nigra is a specific pathological characteristic of PD. Abnormal accumulation of α-Syn in PD induces the activation of microglia. Microglia, which are immune cells in the central nervous system, are involved in the function and regulation of inflammation in PD by autophagy. The role of microglial autophagy in the pathophysiology of PD has become a hot-pot issue. This review outlines the pathways of microglial autophagy, and explores the key factor of microglial autophagy in the mechanism of PD and the possibility of microglial autophagy as a potential therapeutic target for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuyi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shangang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan, China,*Correspondence: Zhengbo Wang,
| | - Zhengbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan, China,*Correspondence: Zhengbo Wang,
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10
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Zhou Z, Zhou J, Liao J, Chen Z, Zheng Y. The Emerging Role of Astrocytic Autophagy in Central Nervous System Disorders. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:3697-3708. [PMID: 35960484 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03714-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes act as "housekeeping cells" for maintaining cerebral homeostasis and play an important role in many disorders. Recent studies further highlight the contribution of autophagy to astrocytic functions, including astrogenesis, the astrocytic removal of neurotoxins or stressors, and astrocytic polarization. More importantly, genetic and pharmacological approaches have provided evidence that outlines the contributions of astrocytic autophagy to several brain disorders, including neurodegeneration, cerebral ischemia, and depression. In this study, we summarize the emerging role of autophagy in regulating astrocytic functions and discuss the contributions of astrocytic autophagy to different CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuchen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Liao
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanrong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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11
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The role of autophagy in the metabolism and differentiation of stem cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166412. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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12
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Deng Z, Zhou X, Lu JH, Yue Z. Autophagy deficiency in neurodevelopmental disorders. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:214. [PMID: 34920755 PMCID: PMC8684077 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00726-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a cell self-digestion pathway through lysosome and plays a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and cytoprotection. Characterization of autophagy related genes in cell and animal models reveals diverse physiological functions of autophagy in various cell types and tissues. In central nervous system, by recycling injured organelles and misfolded protein complexes or aggregates, autophagy is integrated into synaptic functions of neurons and subjected to distinct regulation in presynaptic and postsynaptic neuronal compartments. A plethora of studies have shown the neuroprotective function of autophagy in major neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Recent human genetic and genomic evidence has demonstrated an emerging, significant role of autophagy in human brain development and prevention of spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders. Here we will review the evidence demonstrating the causal link of autophagy deficiency to congenital brain diseases, the mechanism whereby autophagy functions in neurodevelopment, and therapeutic potential of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Xiaoting Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Jia-Hong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, China.
| | - Zhenyu Yue
- Department of Neurology, The Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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13
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Chen S, Wang W, Tan HY, Lu Y, Li Z, Qu Y, Wang N, Wang D. Role of Autophagy in the Maintenance of Stemness in Adult Stem Cells: A Disease-Relevant Mechanism of Action. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:715200. [PMID: 34414192 PMCID: PMC8369482 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.715200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular scavenging mechanism induced to eliminate damaged, denatured, or senescent macromolecular substances and organelles in the body. The regulation of autophagy plays essential roles in the processes of cellular homeostasis and senescence. Dysregulated autophagy is a common feature of several human diseases, including cancers and neurodegenerative disorders. The initiation and development of these disorders have been shown to be associated with the maintenance of disease-specific stem cell compartments. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the role of autophagy in the maintenance of stemness. Specifically, we focus on the intersection between autophagy and adult stem cells in the initiation and progression of specific diseases. Accordingly, this review highlights the role of autophagy in stemness maintenance from the perspective of disease-associated mechanisms, which may be fundamental to our understanding of the pathogeneses of human diseases and the development of effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenqi Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hor-Yue Tan
- Centre for Chinese Herbal Medicine Drug Development, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuanjun Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhiping Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yidi Qu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Di Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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14
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Kuroda R, Tominaga K, Kasashima K, Kuroiwa K, Sakashita E, Hayakawa H, Kouki T, Ohno N, Kawai K, Endo H. Loss of mitochondrial transcription factor A in neural stem cells leads to immature brain development and triggers the activation of the integral stress response in vivo. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255355. [PMID: 34320035 PMCID: PMC8318236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is significantly associated with neurological deficits and age-related neurological diseases. While mitochondria are dynamically regulated and properly maintained during neurogenesis, the manner in which mitochondrial activities are controlled and contribute to these processes is not fully understood. Mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) contributes to mitochondrial function by maintaining mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). To clarify how mitochondrial dysfunction affects neurogenesis, we induced mitochondrial dysfunction specifically in murine neural stem cells (NSCs) by inactivating Tfam. Tfam inactivation in NSCs resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction by reducing respiratory chain activities and causing a severe deficit in neural differentiation and maturation both in vivo and in vitro. Brain tissue from Tfam-deficient mice exhibited neuronal cell death primarily at layer V and microglia were activated prior to cell death. Cultured Tfam-deficient NSCs showed a reduction in reactive oxygen species produced by the mitochondria. Tfam inactivation during neurogenesis resulted in the accumulation of ATF4 and activation of target gene expression. Therefore, we propose that the integrated stress response (ISR) induced by mitochondrial dysfunction in neurogenesis is activated to protect the progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rintaro Kuroda
- Department of Biochemistry, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kaoru Tominaga
- Department of Biochemistry, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
- * E-mail: (KT); (HE)
| | - Katsumi Kasashima
- Department of Biochemistry, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kenji Kuroiwa
- Department of Biochemistry, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Eiji Sakashita
- Department of Biochemistry, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiroko Hayakawa
- Core Center of Research Apparatus, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tom Kouki
- Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Ohno
- Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
- Division of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kensuke Kawai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Endo
- Department of Biochemistry, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
- * E-mail: (KT); (HE)
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15
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Wang C, Haas M, Yeo SK, Sebti S, Fernández ÁF, Zou Z, Levine B, Guan JL. Enhanced autophagy in Becn1F121A/F121A knockin mice counteracts aging-related neural stem cell exhaustion and dysfunction. Autophagy 2021; 18:409-422. [PMID: 34101533 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1936358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is emerging as a major pathway that regulates both aging and stem cell function. Previous studies have demonstrated a positive correlation of autophagy with longevity; however, these studies did not directly address the consequence of altered autophagy in stem cells during aging. In this study, we used Becn1F121A/F121A knockin mice (designated as Becn1 KI mice) with the F121A allele in the autophagy gene Becn1 to investigate the consequences of enhanced autophagy in postnatal neural stem cells (NSCs) during aging. We found that increased autophagy protected NSCs from exhaustion and promoted neurogenesis in old (≥18-months-old) mice compared with age-matched wild-type (WT) mice, although it did not affect NSCs in young (3-months-old) mice. After pharmacologically-induced elimination of proliferative cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ), there was enhanced re-activation of quiescent NSCs in old Becn1 KI mice as compared to those in WT mice, with more efficient exit from quiescent status to generate proliferative cells and neuroblasts. Moreover, there was also improved maintenance and increased neuronal differentiation of NSCs isolated from the SVZ of old Becn1 KI mice in in vitro assays. Lastly, the increased neurogenesis in Becn1 KI mice was associated with better olfactory function in aged animals. Together, our results suggest a protective role of increased autophagy in aging NSCs, which may help the development of novel strategies to treat age-related neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenran Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael Haas
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Syn Kok Yeo
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Salwa Sebti
- Center for Autophagy Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Álvaro F Fernández
- Center for Autophagy Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Zhongju Zou
- Center for Autophagy Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Beth Levine
- Center for Autophagy Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jun-Lin Guan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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16
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Song Z, Feng J, Zhang Q, Deng S, Yu D, Zhang Y, Li T. Tanshinone IIA Protects Against Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion Injury by Regulating Microglial Activation and Polarization via NF-κB Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:641848. [PMID: 33953677 PMCID: PMC8090935 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.641848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tanshinone IIA, a fat-soluble diterpenoid isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, has been shown to attenuate the cerebral ischemic injury. The aim of this study was to examine the effects on neuroprotection and microglia activation of Tanshinone IIA. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). We found that Tanshinone IIA significantly reduced infarction volume, alleviated neuronal injuries, reduced the release of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, increased SOD activity, and decrease the content of MDA in MCAO rats. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, Nissl staining, TUNEL staining and immunofluorescence staining showed that Tanshinone IIA improved the distribution and morphology of neurons in brain tissues and reduced apoptosis. In addition, Co-immunofluorescence staining of rat brain tissues and the mRNA expression levels of CD11b, CD32, iNOS, and Arg-1, CD206, IL-10 in BV2 cells indicated that Tanshinone IIA can downregulate M1 microglia and upregulate M2 microglia in MCAO rats. Further, BV2 microglial cells were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation, the protein expression levels were detected by western blot. Tanshinone IIA inhibited the expression levels of NF-κB signaling pathway related proteins. Taken together, this study suggested that Tanshinone IIA modulated microglial M1/M2 polarization via the NF-κB signaling pathway to confer anti-neuroinflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibing Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Punan Hospital, Pudong New District, Shanghai, China.,College of Pharmacology, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jingjing Feng
- College of Pharmacology, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Punan Hospital, Pudong New District, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanshan Deng
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Yuefan Zhang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Punan Hospital, Pudong New District, Shanghai, China
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17
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Tang X, Angst G, Haas M, Yang F, Wang C. The Characterization of a Subependymal Giant Astrocytoma-Like Cell Line from Murine Astrocyte with mTORC1 Hyperactivation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084116. [PMID: 33923449 PMCID: PMC8074262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetic disorder caused by inactivating mutations in TSC1 (hamartin) or TSC2 (tuberin), crucial negative regulators of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway. TSC affects multiple organs including the brain. The neurologic manifestation is characterized by cortical tubers, subependymal nodules (SEN), and subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) in brain. SEGAs may result in hydrocephalus in TSC patients and mTORC1 inhibitors are the current recommended therapy for SEGA. Nevertheless, a major limitation in the research for SEGA is the lack of cell lines or animal models for mechanistic investigations and development of novel therapy. In this study, we generated TSC1-deficient neural cells from spontaneously immortalized mouse astrocytes in an attempt to mimic human SEGA. The TSC1-deficient cells exhibit mTORC1 hyperactivation and characteristics of transition from astrocytes to neural stem/progenitor cell phenotypes. Rapamycin efficiently decreased mTORC1 activity of these TSC1-deficient cells in vitro. In vivo, TSC1-deficient cells could form SEGA-like tumors and Rapamycin treatment decreased tumor growth. Collectively, our study generates a novel SEGA-like cell line that is invaluable for studying mTORC1-driven molecular and pathological alterations in neurologic tissue. These SEGA-like cells also provide opportunities for the development of novel therapeutic strategy for TSC patients with SEGA.
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18
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Yeo SK, Wang C, Guan JL. Role of FIP200 in inflammatory processes beyond its canonical autophagy function. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:1599-1607. [PMID: 32662824 DOI: 10.1042/bst20191156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
FIP200 (RB1CC1) is a critical regulator of canonical macroautophagy and has also emerged as a crucial regulator of selective autophagy as well as inflammatory processes. The illumination of FIP200's role in autophagy at the molecular level has been accompanied by studies demonstrating the importance of its autophagy function in physiological processes in mammals and pathological contexts such as cancer. However, there is an increasing appreciation that most, if not all of the autophagy genes, also play a role in other processes such as LC3-associated phagocytosis, vesicle trafficking and protein secretion. Consequently, this has led to efforts in generating specific mutants of autophagy genes that are more amenable to dissecting their autophagy versus non-autophagy functions. In this aspect, we have generated a FIP200 knock-in mouse allele that is defective for canonical macroautophagy. This has revealed a canonical-autophagy-independent function of FIP200 that is responsible for limiting pro-inflammatory signaling. In this review, we will discuss FIP200's role in this process, the implications with regards to cancer immunotherapy and highlight key prospective avenues to specifically dissect the distinct functions of FIP200.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syn Kok Yeo
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, U.S.A
| | - Chenran Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, U.S.A
| | - Jun-Lin Guan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, U.S.A
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19
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Chen Q, Shao X, Hao M, Fang H, Guan R, Tian Z, Li M, Wang C, Ji L, Chao H, Guan JL, Diao J. Quantitative analysis of interactive behavior of mitochondria and lysosomes using structured illumination microscopy. Biomaterials 2020; 250:120059. [PMID: 32339858 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Super-resolution optical microscopy has extended the spatial resolution of cell biology from the cellular level to the nanoscale, enabling the observation of the interactive behavior of single mitochondria and lysosomes. Quantitative parametrization of interactions between mitochondria and lysosomes under super-resolution optical microscopy, however, is currently unavailable, which has severely limited our understanding of the molecular machinery underlying mitochondrial functionality. Here, we introduce an M-value to quantitatively investigate mitochondria and lysosome contact (MLC) and mitophagy under structured illumination microscopy. We found that the M-value for an MLC is typically less than 0.4, whereas in mitophagy it ranges from 0.5 to 1.0. This system permits further investigation of the detailed molecular mechanism governing the interactive behavior of mitochondria and lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixin Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Xintian Shao
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA; Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Mingang Hao
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Hongbao Fang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Ruilin Guan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zhiqi Tian
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Miaoling Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Chenran Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Liangnian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Hui Chao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Jun-Lin Guan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
| | - Jiajie Diao
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
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20
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Chang NC. Autophagy and Stem Cells: Self-Eating for Self-Renewal. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:138. [PMID: 32195258 PMCID: PMC7065261 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a fundamental cell survival mechanism that allows cells to adapt to metabolic stress through the degradation and recycling of intracellular components to generate macromolecular precursors and produce energy. The autophagy pathway is critical for development, maintaining cellular and tissue homeostasis, as well as immunity and prevention of human disease. Defects in autophagy have been attributed to cancer, neurodegeneration, muscle and heart disease, infectious disease, as well as aging. While autophagy has classically been viewed as a passive quality control and general house-keeping mechanism, emerging evidence demonstrates that autophagy is an active process that regulates the metabolic status of the cell. Adult stem cells, which are long-lived cells that possess the unique ability to self-renew and differentiate into specialized cells throughout the body, have distinct metabolic requirements. Research in a variety of stem cell types have established that autophagy plays critical roles in stem cell quiescence, activation, differentiation, and self-renewal. Here, we will review the evidence demonstrating that autophagy is a key regulator of stem cell function and how defective stem cell autophagy contributes to degenerative disease, aging and the generation of cancer stem cells. Moreover, we will discuss the merits of targeting autophagy as a regenerative medicine strategy to promote stem cell function and improve stem cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha C Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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21
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Liu Y, Zhang Y, Peng J, Wang H, Li X, Li X, Rong X, Pan J, Peng Y. Autophagy alleviates ethanol-induced memory impairment in association with anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory pathways. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 82:63-75. [PMID: 31376498 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic excessive drinking leads to a wide spectrum of neurological disorders, including cognitive deficits, such as learning and memory impairment. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying these deleterious changes are still poorly understood. We conducted a comprehensive study to investigate the role and mechanism of autophagy in alcohol-induced memory impairment. To establish an ethanol-induced memory impairment mouse model, we allowed C57BL/6J mice intermittent access to 20% ethanol (four-bottle choice) to escalate ethanol drinking levels. Memory impairment was confirmed by a Morris water maze test. We found that mice exposed to EtOH (ethanol) and EtOH combined with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) showed high alcohol intake and blood alcohol concentration. We confirmed that the EtOH group exhibited notable memory impairment. Inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA worsened ethanol-induced memory impairment. Ethanol induced autophagy in the hippocampus of mice as indicated by western blotting, electron microscopy, RT-qPCR, and fluorescence confocal microscopy. We determined that the mTOR/BECN1 (S14) pathway is involved in ethanol-induced autophagy in vivo. Further, ethanol-induced autophagy suppressed the NLRP3 inflammatory and apoptosis pathways in the hippocampus in mice and in vitro. These findings suggest that autophagy activation in hippocampal cells alleviates ethanol-induced memory impairment in association with anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yuanpei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Jialing Peng
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Hongxuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xiangpen Li
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xiaoming Rong
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Jingrui Pan
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
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22
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Wang C, Haas MA, Yang F, Yeo S, Okamoto T, Chen S, Wen J, Sarma P, Plas DR, Guan JL. Autophagic lipid metabolism sustains mTORC1 activity in TSC-deficient neural stem cells. Nat Metab 2019; 1:1127-1140. [PMID: 32577608 PMCID: PMC7311104 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-019-0137-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although mTORC1 negatively regulates autophagy in cultured cells, how autophagy impacts mTORC1 signaling, in particular in vivo, is less clear. Here we show that autophagy supports mTORC1 hyperactivation in NSCs lacking Tsc1, thereby promoting defects in NSC maintenance, differentiation, tumourigenesis, and the formation of the neurodevelopmental lesion of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC). Analysing mice that lack Tsc1 and the essential autophagy gene Fip200 in NSCs we find that TSC-deficient cells require autophagy to maintain mTORC1 hyperactivation under energy stress conditions, likely to provide lipids via lipophagy to serve as an alternative energy source for OXPHOS. In vivo, inhibition of lipophagy or its downstream catabolic pathway reverses defective phenotypes caused by Tsc1-null NSCs and reduces tumorigenesis in mouse models. These results reveal a cooperative function of selective autophagy in coupling energy availability with TSC pathogenesis and suggest a potential new therapeutic strategy to treat TSC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenran Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Michael A Haas
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Fuchun Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Syn Yeo
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Takako Okamoto
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Song Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jian Wen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Pranjal Sarma
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - David R Plas
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jun-Lin Guan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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23
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Hassanpour M, Rezabakhsh A, Pezeshkian M, Rahbarghazi R, Nouri M. Distinct role of autophagy on angiogenesis: highlights on the effect of autophagy in endothelial lineage and progenitor cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:305. [PMID: 30409213 PMCID: PMC6225658 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy plays a critical role in the dynamic growth of each cell through different conditions. It seems that this intracellular mechanism acts as a two-edged sword against the numerous cell insults. Previously, autophagy was described in the context of cell activity and behavior, but little knowledge exists related to the role of autophagy in endothelial cells, progenitors, and stem cells biology from different tissues. Angiogenic behavior of endothelial lineage and various stem cells are touted as an inevitable feature in the restoration of different damaged tissues and organs. This capacity was found to be dictated by autophagy signaling pathway. This review article highlights the fundamental role of cell autophagic response in endothelial cells function, stem cells dynamic, and differentiation rate. It seems that elucidation of the mechanisms related to pro- and/or anti-angiogenic potential of autophagy inside endothelial cells and stem cells could help us to modulate stem cell therapeutic feature post-transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Hassanpour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Imam Reza St., Golgasht St., Tabriz, 5166614756 Iran
- Stem Cell And Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aysa Rezabakhsh
- Emergency Medicine Research Team, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masoud Pezeshkian
- Department of Applied Drug Research, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Imam Reza St., Golgasht St., Tabriz, 5166614756 Iran
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Imam Reza St., Golgasht St., Tabriz, 5166614756 Iran
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24
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Wang X, Xuan W, Zhu ZY, Li Y, Zhu H, Zhu L, Fu DY, Yang LQ, Li PY, Yu WF. The evolving role of neuro-immune interaction in brain repair after cerebral ischemic stroke. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 24:1100-1114. [PMID: 30350341 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the world's leading cause of disability with limited brain repair treatments which effectively improve long-term neurological deficits. The neuroinflammatory responses persist into the late repair phase of stroke and participate in all brain repair elements, including neurogenesis, angiogenesis, synaptogenesis, remyelination and axonal sprouting, shedding new light on post-stroke brain recovery. Resident brain glial cells, such as astrocytes not only contribute to neuroinflammation after stroke, but also secrete a wide range of trophic factors that can promote post-stroke brain repair. Alternatively, activated microglia, monocytes, and neutrophils in the innate immune system, traditionally considered as major damaging factors after stroke, have been suggested to be extensively involved in brain repair after stroke. The adaptive immune system may also have its bright side during the late regenerative phase, affecting the immune suppressive regulatory T cells and B cells. This review summarizes the recent findings in the evolving role of neuroinflammation in multiple post-stroke brain repair mechanisms and poses unanswered questions that may generate new directions for future research and give rise to novel therapeutic targets to improve stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Yu Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan-Yun Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Qun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Ying Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Feng Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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25
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Casares-Crespo L, Calatayud-Baselga I, García-Corzo L, Mira H. On the Role of Basal Autophagy in Adult Neural Stem Cells and Neurogenesis. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:339. [PMID: 30349462 PMCID: PMC6187079 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis persists in the adult mammalian brain due to the existence of neural stem cell (NSC) reservoirs in defined niches, where they give rise to new neurons throughout life. Recent research has begun to address the implication of constitutive (basal) autophagy in the regulation of neurogenesis in the mature brain. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the role of autophagy-related genes in modulating adult NSCs, progenitor cells and their differentiation into neurons. The general function of autophagy in neurogenesis in several areas of the embryonic forebrain is also revisited. During development, basal autophagy regulates Wnt and Notch signaling and is mainly required for adequate neuronal differentiation. The available data in the adult indicate that the autophagy-lysosomal pathway regulates adult NSC maintenance, the activation of quiescent NSCs, the survival of the newly born neurons and the timing of their maturation. Future research is warranted to validate the results of these pioneering studies, refine the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of NSCs and newborn neurons by autophagy throughout the life-span of mammals and provide significance to the autophagic process in adult neurogenesis-dependent behavioral tasks, in physiological and pathological conditions. These lines of research may have important consequences for our understanding of stem cell dysfunction and neurogenic decline during healthy aging and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Casares-Crespo
- Stem Cells and Aging Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, València, Spain
| | - Isabel Calatayud-Baselga
- Stem Cells and Aging Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, València, Spain
| | - Laura García-Corzo
- Stem Cells and Aging Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, València, Spain
| | - Helena Mira
- Stem Cells and Aging Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, València, Spain
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26
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Schäffner I, Minakaki G, Khan MA, Balta EA, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Schwarz TJ, Beckervordersandforth R, Winner B, Webb AE, DePinho RA, Paik J, Wurst W, Klucken J, Lie DC. FoxO Function Is Essential for Maintenance of Autophagic Flux and Neuronal Morphogenesis in Adult Neurogenesis. Neuron 2018; 99:1188-1203.e6. [PMID: 30197237 PMCID: PMC6186958 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved catabolic pathway with emerging functions in mammalian neurodevelopment and human neurodevelopmental diseases. The mechanisms controlling autophagy in neuronal development are not fully understood. Here, we found that conditional deletion of the Forkhead Box O transcription factors FoxO1, FoxO3, and FoxO4 strongly impaired autophagic flux in developing neurons of the adult mouse hippocampus. Moreover, FoxO deficiency led to altered dendritic morphology, increased spine density, and aberrant spine positioning in adult-generated neurons. Strikingly, pharmacological induction of autophagy was sufficient to correct abnormal dendrite and spine development of FoxO-deficient neurons. Collectively, these findings reveal a novel link between FoxO transcription factors, autophagic flux, and maturation of developing neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Schäffner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georgia Minakaki
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Amir Khan
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, 85764 Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | - Elli-Anna Balta
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ursula Schlötzer-Schrehardt
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias J Schwarz
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, 85764 Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | | | - Beate Winner
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ashley E Webb
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Ronald A DePinho
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Jihye Paik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, 85764 Neuherberg/Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Munich, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Klucken
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - D Chichung Lie
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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27
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Ji J, Xue TF, Guo XD, Yang J, Guo RB, Wang J, Huang JY, Zhao XJ, Sun XL. Antagonizing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ facilitates M1-to-M2 shift of microglia by enhancing autophagy via the LKB1-AMPK signaling pathway. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12774. [PMID: 29740932 PMCID: PMC6052482 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation plays a dual role in various brain diseases due to distinct microglial phenotypes, including deleterious M1 and neuroprotective M2. There is growing evidence that the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist rosiglitazone prevents lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced microglial activation. Here, we observed that antagonizing PPARγ promoted LPS‐stimulated changes in polarization from the M1 to the M2 phenotype in primary microglia. PPARγ antagonist T0070907 increased the expression of M2 markers, including CD206, IL‐4, IGF‐1, TGF‐β1, TGF‐β2, TGF‐β3, G‐CSF, and GM‐CSF, and reduced the expression of M1 markers, such as CD86, Cox‐2, iNOS, IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, IFN‐γ, and CCL2, thereby inhibiting NFκB–IKKβ activation. Moreover, antagonizing PPARγ promoted microglial autophagy, as indicated by the downregulation of P62 and the upregulation of Beclin1, Atg5, and LC3‐II/LC3‐I, thereby enhancing the formation of autophagosomes and their degradation by lysosomes in microglia. Furthermore, we found that an increase in LKB1–STRAD–MO25 complex formation enhances autophagy. The LKB1 inhibitor radicicol or knocking down LKB1 prevented autophagy improvement and the M1‐to‐M2 phenotype shift by T0070907. Simultaneously, we found that knocking down PPARγ in BV2 microglial cells also activated LKB1–AMPK signaling and inhibited NFκB–IKKβ activation, which are similar to the effects of antagonizing PPARγ. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that antagonizing PPARγ promotes the M1‐to‐M2 phenotypic shift in LPS‐induced microglia, which might be due to improved autophagy via the activation of the LKB1–AMPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ji
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration; Department of Pharmacology; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Teng-Fei Xue
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration; Department of Pharmacology; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Xu-Dong Guo
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration; Department of Pharmacology; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Jin Yang
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration; Department of Pharmacology; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Ruo-Bing Guo
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration; Department of Pharmacology; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Juan Wang
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration; Department of Pharmacology; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Ji-Ye Huang
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration; Department of Pharmacology; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Xiao-Jie Zhao
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration; Department of Pharmacology; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Xiu-Lan Sun
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration; Department of Pharmacology; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
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28
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Boya P, Codogno P, Rodriguez-Muela N. Autophagy in stem cells: repair, remodelling and metabolic reprogramming. Development 2018; 145:145/4/dev146506. [PMID: 29483129 DOI: 10.1242/dev.146506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic pathway by which cellular components are delivered to the lysosome for degradation and recycling. Autophagy serves as a crucial intracellular quality control and repair mechanism but is also involved in cell remodelling during development and cell differentiation. In addition, mitophagy, the process by which damaged mitochondria undergo autophagy, has emerged as key regulator of cell metabolism. In recent years, a number of studies have revealed roles for autophagy and mitophagy in the regulation of stem cells, which represent the origin for all tissues during embryonic and postnatal development, and contribute to tissue homeostasis and repair throughout adult life. Here, we review these studies, focussing on the latest evidence that supports the quality control, remodelling and metabolic functions of autophagy during the activation, self-renewal and differentiation of embryonic, adult and cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Boya
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patrice Codogno
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Natalia Rodriguez-Muela
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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29
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To be or not to be cell autonomous? Autophagy says both. Essays Biochem 2017; 61:649-661. [PMID: 29233875 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20170025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although cells are a part of the whole organism, classical dogma emphasizes that individual cells function autonomously. Many physiological and pathological conditions, including cancer, and metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases, have been considered mechanistically as cell-autonomous pathologies, meaning those that damage or defect within a selective population of affected cells suffice to produce disease. It is becoming clear, however, that cells and cellular processes cannot be considered in isolation. Best known for shuttling cytoplasmic content to the lysosome for degradation and repurposing of recycled building blocks such as amino acids, nucleotides, and fatty acids, autophagy serves a housekeeping function in every cell and plays key roles in cell development, immunity, tissue remodeling, and homeostasis with the surrounding environment and the distant organs. In this review, we underscore the importance of taking interactions with the microenvironment into consideration while addressing the cell autonomous and non-autonomous functions of autophagy between cells of the same and different types and in physiological and pathophysiological situations.
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