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Lipskaia L, Breau M, Cayrou C, Churikov D, Braud L, Jacquet J, Born E, Fouillade C, Curras-Alonso S, Bauwens S, Jourquin F, Fiore F, Castellano R, Josselin E, Sánchez-Ferrer C, Giovinazzo G, Lachaud C, Gilson E, Flores I, Londono-Vallejo A, Adnot S, Géli V. mTert induction in p21-positive cells counteracts capillary rarefaction and pulmonary emphysema. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:1650-1684. [PMID: 38424230 PMCID: PMC10933469 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-023-00041-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung diseases develop when telomeres shorten beyond a critical point. We constructed a mouse model in which the catalytic subunit of telomerase (mTert), or its catalytically inactive form (mTertCI), is expressed from the p21Cdkn1a locus. Expression of either TERT or TERTCI reduces global p21 levels in the lungs of aged mice, highlighting TERT non-canonical function. However, only TERT reduces accumulation of very short telomeres, oxidative damage, endothelial cell (ECs) senescence and senile emphysema in aged mice. Single-cell analysis of the lung reveals that p21 (and hence TERT) is expressed mainly in the capillary ECs. We report that a fraction of capillary ECs marked by CD34 and endowed with proliferative capacity declines drastically with age, and this is counteracted by TERT but not TERTCI. Consistently, only TERT counteracts decline of capillary density. Natural aging effects are confirmed using the experimental model of emphysema induced by VEGFR2 inhibition and chronic hypoxia. We conclude that catalytically active TERT prevents exhaustion of the putative CD34 + EC progenitors with age, thus protecting against capillary vessel loss and pulmonary emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Lipskaia
- Institute for Lung Health, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- INSERM U955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, FHU SENEC, AP-HP, 94010, Créteil, and Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Paris, France
| | - Marielle Breau
- Marseille Cancer Research Centre (CRCM), U1068 INSERM, UMR7258 CNRS, UM105 Aix-Marseille University, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (Equipe labellisée), Team Telomeres and Chromatin, Marseille, France
| | - Christelle Cayrou
- Marseille Cancer Research Centre (CRCM), U1068 INSERM, UMR7258 CNRS, UM105 Aix-Marseille University, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (Equipe labellisée), Team Telomeres and Chromatin, Marseille, France
| | - Dmitri Churikov
- Marseille Cancer Research Centre (CRCM), U1068 INSERM, UMR7258 CNRS, UM105 Aix-Marseille University, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (Equipe labellisée), Team Telomeres and Chromatin, Marseille, France
| | - Laura Braud
- Marseille Cancer Research Centre (CRCM), U1068 INSERM, UMR7258 CNRS, UM105 Aix-Marseille University, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (Equipe labellisée), Team Telomeres and Chromatin, Marseille, France
| | - Juliette Jacquet
- Institute for Lung Health, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Emmanuelle Born
- Institute for Lung Health, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Charles Fouillade
- Institut Curie, Inserm U1021, CNRS UMR 3347, University Paris-Saclay, PSL Research University, Orsay, France
| | - Sandra Curras-Alonso
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3244, Sorbonne Université, Telomeres and Cancer, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Serge Bauwens
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, IRCAN, Faculty of Medicine, Nice, France
| | - Frederic Jourquin
- Marseille Cancer Research Centre (CRCM), U1068 INSERM, UMR7258 CNRS, UM105 Aix-Marseille University, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (Equipe labellisée), Team Telomeres and Chromatin, Marseille, France
| | - Frederic Fiore
- Centre d'Immunophénomique, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS UMR, Marseille, France
| | - Rémy Castellano
- Marseille Cancer Research Centre (CRCM), TrGET Preclinical Platform, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Josselin
- Marseille Cancer Research Centre (CRCM), TrGET Preclinical Platform, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | | | - Giovanna Giovinazzo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christophe Lachaud
- Marseille Cancer Research Centre (CRCM), U1068 INSERM, UMR7258 CNRS, UM105 Aix-Marseille University, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Team DNA Interstrand Crosslink Lesions and Blood Disorders, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Gilson
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, IRCAN, Faculty of Medicine, Nice, France
| | - Ignacio Flores
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arturo Londono-Vallejo
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3244, Sorbonne Université, Telomeres and Cancer, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Serge Adnot
- Institute for Lung Health, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
- INSERM U955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, FHU SENEC, AP-HP, 94010, Créteil, and Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Paris, France.
| | - Vincent Géli
- Marseille Cancer Research Centre (CRCM), U1068 INSERM, UMR7258 CNRS, UM105 Aix-Marseille University, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (Equipe labellisée), Team Telomeres and Chromatin, Marseille, France.
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Wang T, Duan W, Jia X, Huang X, Liu Y, Meng F, Ni C. Associations of combined phenotypic ageing and genetic risk with incidence of chronic respiratory diseases in the UK Biobank: a prospective cohort study. Eur Respir J 2024; 63:2301720. [PMID: 38061785 PMCID: PMC10882326 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01720-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accelerated biological ageing has been associated with an increased risk of several chronic respiratory diseases. However, the associations between phenotypic age, a new biological age indicator based on clinical chemistry biomarkers, and common chronic respiratory diseases have not been evaluated. METHODS We analysed data from 308 592 participants at baseline in the UK Biobank. The phenotypic age was calculated from chronological age and nine clinical chemistry biomarkers, including albumin, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, glucose, C-reactive protein, lymphocyte percent, mean cell volume, red cell distribution width and white blood cell count. Furthermore, phenotypic age acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel) was calculated by regressing phenotypic age on chronological age. The associations of PhenoAgeAccel with incident common chronic respiratory diseases and cross-sectional lung function were investigated. Moreover, we constructed polygenic risk scores and evaluated whether PhenoAgeAccel modified the effect of genetic susceptibility on chronic respiratory diseases and lung function. RESULTS The results showed significant associations of PhenoAgeAccel with increased risk of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) (hazard ratio (HR) 1.52, 95% CI 1.45-1.59), COPD (HR 1.54, 95% CI 1.51-1.57) and asthma (HR 1.18, 95% CI 1.15-1.20) per 5-year increase and decreased lung function. There was an additive interaction between PhenoAgeAccel and the genetic risk for IPF and COPD. Participants with high genetic risk and who were biologically older had the highest risk of incident IPF (HR 5.24, 95% CI 3.91-7.02), COPD (HR 2.99, 95% CI 2.66-3.36) and asthma (HR 2.07, 95% CI 1.86-2.31). Mediation analysis indicated that PhenoAgeAccel could mediate 10∼20% of the associations between smoking and chronic respiratory diseases, while ∼10% of the associations between particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 µm and the disorders were mediated by PhenoAgeAccel. CONCLUSION PhenoAgeAccel was significantly associated with incident risk of common chronic respiratory diseases and decreased lung function and could serve as a novel clinical biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Department of Occupational Medical and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Public Health, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Weiwei Duan
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Joint first authors
- Joint first authors
| | - Xinying Jia
- Department of Occupational Medical and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinmei Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Occupational Medical and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
| | - Fanqing Meng
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
| | - Chunhui Ni
- Department of Occupational Medical and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Public Health, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
- Contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
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Purev E, Bahmed K, Kosmider B. Alveolar Organoids in Lung Disease Modeling. Biomolecules 2024; 14:115. [PMID: 38254715 PMCID: PMC10813493 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung organoids display a tissue-specific functional phenomenon and mimic the features of the original organ. They can reflect the properties of the cells, such as morphology, polarity, proliferation rate, gene expression, and genomic profile. Alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells have a stem cell potential in the adult lung. They produce and secrete pulmonary surfactant and proliferate to restore the epithelium after damage. Therefore, AT2 cells are used to generate alveolar organoids and can recapitulate distal lung structures. Also, AT2 cells in human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived alveolospheres express surfactant proteins and other factors, indicating their application as suitable models for studying cell-cell interactions. Recently, they have been utilized to define mechanisms of disease development, such as COVID-19, lung cancer, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In this review, we show lung organoid applications in various pulmonary diseases, drug screening, and personalized medicine. In addition, stem cell-based therapeutics and approaches relevant to lung repair were highlighted. We also described the signaling pathways and epigenetic regulation of lung regeneration. It is critical to identify novel regulators of alveolar organoid generations to promote lung repair in pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enkhee Purev
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Inflammation, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Karim Bahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Inflammation, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Beata Kosmider
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Inflammation, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Luo W, Gu Y, Fu S, Wang J, Zhang J, Wang Y. Emerging opportunities to treat idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Design, discovery, and optimizations of small-molecule drugs targeting fibrogenic pathways. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 260:115762. [PMID: 37683364 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common fibrotic form of idiopathic diffuse lung disease. Due to limited treatment options, IPF patients suffer from poor survival. About ten years ago, Pirfenidone (Shionogi, 2008; InterMune, 2011) and Nintedanib (Boehringer Ingelheim, 2014) were approved, greatly changing the direction of IPF drug design. However, limited efficacy and side effects indicate that neither can reverse the process of IPF. With insights into the occurrence of IPF, novel targets and agents have been proposed, which have fundamentally changed the treatment of IPF. With the next-generation agents, targeting pro-fibrotic pathways in the epithelial-injury model offers a promising approach. Besides, several next-generation IPF drugs have entered phase II/III clinical trials with encouraging results. Due to the rising IPF treatment requirements, there is an urgent need to completely summarize the mechanisms, targets, problems, and drug design strategies over the past ten years. In this review, we summarize known mechanisms, target types, drug design, and novel technologies of IPF drug discovery, aiming to provide insights into the future development and clinical application of next-generation IPF drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Luo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yilin Gu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Siyu Fu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, 38163, Tennessee, United States
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Frontiers Medical Center, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, 610212, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Frontiers Medical Center, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, 610212, Sichuan, China.
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5
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Yang Y, Chen Y, Liu Y, Ning Z, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Xu K, Zhang L. Mesenchymal stem cells and pulmonary fibrosis: a bibliometric and visualization analysis of literature published between 2002 and 2021. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1136761. [PMID: 37469875 PMCID: PMC10352497 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1136761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a severe disease that can lead to respiratory failure and even death. However, currently there is no effective treatment available for patients with PF. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been recently shown to have therapeutic potential for PF. We analyzed the literature focused of MSCs and PF to provide a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between MSCs and PF. Methods: We searched the Web of Science Core Collection database for literature from 2002 through 2021 that involved MSCs and PF. The included studies were then analyzed using CiteSpace and VOSviewers software. Results: A total of 1,457 studies were included for analysis. Our findings demonstrated the following: 1) an increasing trend of MSC and PF research; 2) among the 54 countries/regions of author affiliations, the United States was the most frequent, and the University of Michigan (n = 64, 2.8%) was the top institution; 3) Rojas Mauricio published the most articles and PLOS ONE had the most related studies; and 4) keywords, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, mesenchymal stem cells, and systemic sclerosis, were listed more than 100 times, indicating the research trend. Other common keywords, such as inflammation, myofibroblasts, fibroblasts, aging, telomerase or telomere, and extracellular matrix demonstrate research interests in the corresponding mechanisms.1) The number of publications focused on MSCs and PF research increased during the study period; 2) Among the 54 countries/regions of author affiliations, most articles were published in the United States of America, and the University of Michigan (n = 64, 2.8%) had the largest number of publications; 3) Rojas Mauricio published the most articles and PLOS ONE had the most related studies; 4) Keywords, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, MSCs, and systemic sclerosis, were listed more than 100 times, representing a research trend. Other common keywords included inflammation, myofibroblasts, fibroblasts, aging, telomerase or telomere, and extracellular matrix. Discussion: During the past 2 decades, MSCs have been proposed to play an important role in PF treatment. An increasing amount of literature focused on MSCs and PF research has been published. Our findings provide insight into the current status and research trends in the field of MSCs and PF research during the past 2 decades, which could help researchers understand necessary research directions. In the future, more preclinical and clinical studies should be conducted in this field to support the application of MSCs in the treatment of PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Yang
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Xinzhou People’s Hospital, Xinzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zongdi Ning
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhaoliang Zhang
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Liyun Zhang
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
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6
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Ge T, Shao Y, Bao X, Xu W, Lu C. Cellular senescence in liver diseases: From mechanisms to therapies. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110522. [PMID: 37385123 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is an irreversible state of cell cycle arrest, characterized by a gradual decline in cell proliferation, differentiation, and biological functions. Cellular senescence is double-edged for that it can provoke organ repair and regeneration in physiological conditions but contribute to organ and tissue dysfunction and prime multiple chronic diseases in pathological conditions. The liver has a strong regenerative capacity, where cellular senescence and regeneration are closely involved. Herein, this review firstly introduces the morphological manifestations of senescent cells, the major regulators (p53, p21, and p16), and the core pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying senescence process, and then specifically generalizes the role and interventions of cellular senescence in multiple liver diseases, including alcoholic liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, liver fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. In conclusion, this review focuses on interpreting the importance of cellular senescence in liver diseases and summarizes potential senescence-related regulatory targets, aiming to provide new insights for further researches on cellular senescence regulation and therapeutic developments for liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ge
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunyun Shao
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenxuan Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chunfeng Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
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7
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Martínez P, Sánchez-Vazquez R, Saha A, Rodriguez-Duque MS, Naranjo-Gonzalo S, Osorio-Chavez JS, Villar-Ramos AV, Blasco MA. Short telomeres in alveolar type II cells associate with lung fibrosis in post COVID-19 patients with cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:204755. [PMID: 37294548 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The severity of COVID-19 increases with each decade of life, a phenomenon that suggest that organismal aging contributes to the fatality of the disease. In this regard, we and others have previously shown that COVID-19 severity correlates with shorter telomeres, a molecular determinant of aging, in patient's leukocytes. Lung injury is a predominant feature of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection that can further progress to lung fibrosis in post-COVID-19 patients. Short or dysfunctional telomeres in Alveolar type II (ATII) cells are sufficient to induce pulmonary fibrosis in mouse and humans. Here, we analyze telomere length and the histopathology of lung biopsies from a cohort of alive post-COVID-19 patients and a cohort of age-matched controls with lung cancer. We found loss of ATII cellularity and shorter telomeres in ATII cells concomitant with a marked increase in fibrotic lung parenchyma remodeling in post- COVID-19 patients compared to controls. These findings reveal a link between presence of short telomeres in ATII cells and long-term lung fibrosis sequel in Post-COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Martínez
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid E-28029, Spain
| | - Raúl Sánchez-Vazquez
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid E-28029, Spain
| | - Arpita Saha
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid E-28029, Spain
| | - Maria S Rodriguez-Duque
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander 39008, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander E-39011, Spain
| | - Sara Naranjo-Gonzalo
- Servicio de Cirugía Torácica, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander 39008, Spain
| | - Joy S Osorio-Chavez
- Servicio de Neumología Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander E-39008, Spain
| | - Ana V Villar-Ramos
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology of Cantabria (IBBTEC), Cantabria, Santander E-39011, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander E-39011, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander E-39011, Spain
| | - Maria A Blasco
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid E-28029, Spain
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8
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Piñeiro-Hermida S, Bosso G, Sánchez-Vázquez R, Martínez P, Blasco MA. Telomerase deficiency and dysfunctional telomeres in the lung tumor microenvironment impair tumor progression in NSCLC mouse models and patient-derived xenografts. Cell Death Differ 2023:10.1038/s41418-023-01149-6. [PMID: 37085672 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01149-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a leading cause of cancer death. Tumor progression depends on interactions of cancer cells with the tumor microenvironment. Here, we find increased copy number and mRNA expression of the catalytic subunit of telomerase, TERT, in tumors from NSCLC patients, contributing to a lower survival. Moreover, TERT expression in NSCLC patients from the TCGA cohort is mainly associated to the reduced infiltration of CD8+ T lymphocytes, as well as to increased infiltration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). We also show that TERT deficiency and dysfunctional telomeres induced by 6-thio-dG treatment in mice reduced lung tumor implantation and vascularization, increased DNA damage response, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, as well as reduced proliferation, inflammation, lung tumor immunosupression and invasion upon induction of a Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC). Furthermore, 6-thio-dG-treated human NSCLC xenografts exhibited increased telomere damage, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, as well as reduced proliferation, resulting in a reduced tumor growth. Our results show that targeting telomeres might be an effective therapeutic strategy in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Piñeiro-Hermida
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, E-28029, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Bosso
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, E-28029, Spain
| | - Raúl Sánchez-Vázquez
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, E-28029, Spain
| | - Paula Martínez
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, E-28029, Spain
| | - Maria A Blasco
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, E-28029, Spain.
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9
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Ligresti G, Raslan AA, Hong J, Caporarello N, Confalonieri M, Huang SK. Mesenchymal cells in the Lung: Evolving concepts and their role in fibrosis. Gene 2023; 859:147142. [PMID: 36603696 PMCID: PMC10068350 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal cells in the lung are crucial during development, but also contribute to the pathogenesis of fibrotic disorders, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), the most common and deadly form of fibrotic interstitial lung diseases. Originally thought to behave as supporting cells for the lung epithelium and endothelium with a singular function of producing basement membrane, mesenchymal cells encompass a variety of cell types, including resident fibroblasts, lipofibroblasts, myofibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and pericytes, which all occupy different anatomic locations and exhibit diverse homeostatic functions in the lung. During injury, each of these subtypes demonstrate remarkable plasticity and undergo varying capacity to proliferate and differentiate into activated myofibroblasts. Therefore, these cells secrete high levels of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and inflammatory cytokines, which contribute to tissue repair, or in pathologic situations, scarring and fibrosis. Whereas epithelial damage is considered the initial trigger that leads to lung injury, lung mesenchymal cells are recognized as the ultimate effector of fibrosis and attempts to better understand the different functions and actions of each mesenchymal cell subtype will lead to a better understanding of why fibrosis develops and how to better target it for future therapy. This review summarizes current findings related to various lung mesenchymal cells as well as signaling pathways, and their contribution to the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Ligresti
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston MA, US.
| | - Ahmed A Raslan
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston MA, US
| | - Jeongmin Hong
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston MA, US
| | - Nunzia Caporarello
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, US
| | - Marco Confalonieri
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Steven K Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, US
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10
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Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Adv Respir Med 2023; 91:26-48. [PMID: 36825939 PMCID: PMC9952569 DOI: 10.3390/arm91010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The respiratory system is a well-organized multicellular organ, and disruption of cellular homeostasis or abnormal tissue repair caused by genetic deficiency and exposure to risk factors lead to life-threatening pulmonary disease including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Although there is no clear etiology as the name reflected, its pathological progress is closely related to uncoordinated cellular and molecular signals. Here, we review the advances in our understanding of the role of lung tissue cells in IPF pathology including epithelial cells, mesenchymal stem cells, fibroblasts, immune cells, and endothelial cells. These advances summarize the role of various cell components and signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, which is helpful to further study the pathological mechanism of the disease, provide new opportunities for disease prevention and treatment, and is expected to improve the survival rate and quality of life of patients.
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11
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Consequences of telomere dysfunction in fibroblasts, club and basal cells for lung fibrosis development. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5656. [PMID: 36202783 PMCID: PMC9537293 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32771-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
TRF1 is an essential component of the telomeric protective complex or shelterin. We previously showed that dysfunctional telomeres in alveolar type II (ATII) cells lead to interstitial lung fibrosis. Here, we study the lung pathologies upon telomere dysfunction in fibroblasts, club and basal cells. TRF1 deficiency in lung fibroblasts, club and basal cells induced telomeric damage, proliferative defects, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. While Trf1 deletion in fibroblasts does not spontaneously lead to lung pathologies, upon bleomycin challenge exacerbates lung fibrosis. Unlike in females, Trf1 deletion in club and basal cells from male mice resulted in lung inflammation and airway remodeling. Here, we show that depletion of TRF1 in fibroblasts, Club and basal cells does not lead to interstitial lung fibrosis, underscoring ATII cells as the relevant cell type for the origin of interstitial fibrosis. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of proper telomere protection in lung tissue homeostasis.
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12
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The landscape of aging. SCIENCE CHINA LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:2354-2454. [PMID: 36066811 PMCID: PMC9446657 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2161-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a progressive deterioration of physiological integrity, leading to impaired functional ability and ultimately increased susceptibility to death. It is a major risk factor for chronic human diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, neurological degeneration, and cancer. Therefore, the growing emphasis on “healthy aging” raises a series of important questions in life and social sciences. In recent years, there has been unprecedented progress in aging research, particularly the discovery that the rate of aging is at least partly controlled by evolutionarily conserved genetic pathways and biological processes. In an attempt to bring full-fledged understanding to both the aging process and age-associated diseases, we review the descriptive, conceptual, and interventive aspects of the landscape of aging composed of a number of layers at the cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, and organismal levels.
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13
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McLachlan G, Alton EWFW, Boyd AC, Clarke NK, Davies JC, Gill DR, Griesenbach U, Hickmott JW, Hyde SC, Miah KM, Molina CJ. Progress in Respiratory Gene Therapy. Hum Gene Ther 2022; 33:893-912. [PMID: 36074947 PMCID: PMC7615302 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2022.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prospect of gene therapy for inherited and acquired respiratory disease has energized the research community since the 1980s, with cystic fibrosis, as a monogenic disorder, driving early efforts to develop effective strategies. The fact that there are still no approved gene therapy products for the lung, despite many early phase clinical trials, illustrates the scale of the challenge: In the 1990s, first-generation non-viral and viral vector systems demonstrated proof-of-concept but low efficacy. Since then, there has been steady progress toward improved vectors with the capacity to overcome at least some of the formidable barriers presented by the lung. In addition, the inclusion of features such as codon optimization and promoters providing long-term expression have improved the expression characteristics of therapeutic transgenes. Early approaches were based on gene addition, where a new DNA copy of a gene is introduced to complement a genetic mutation: however, the advent of RNA-based products that can directly express a therapeutic protein or manipulate gene expression, together with the expanding range of tools for gene editing, has stimulated the development of alternative approaches. This review discusses the range of vector systems being evaluated for lung delivery; the variety of cargoes they deliver, including DNA, antisense oligonucleotides, messenger RNA (mRNA), small interfering RNA (siRNA), and peptide nucleic acids; and exemplifies progress in selected respiratory disease indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerry McLachlan
- The Roslin Institute & R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- UK Respiratory Gene Therapy Consortium, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eric W F W Alton
- UK Respiratory Gene Therapy Consortium, London, United Kingdom
- Gene Therapy Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Christopher Boyd
- UK Respiratory Gene Therapy Consortium, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Nora K Clarke
- UK Respiratory Gene Therapy Consortium, London, United Kingdom
- Gene Therapy Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jane C Davies
- UK Respiratory Gene Therapy Consortium, London, United Kingdom
- Gene Therapy Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah R Gill
- UK Respiratory Gene Therapy Consortium, London, United Kingdom
- Gene Medicine Group, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (NDCLS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Uta Griesenbach
- UK Respiratory Gene Therapy Consortium, London, United Kingdom
- Gene Therapy Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jack W Hickmott
- UK Respiratory Gene Therapy Consortium, London, United Kingdom
- Gene Therapy Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen C Hyde
- UK Respiratory Gene Therapy Consortium, London, United Kingdom
- Gene Medicine Group, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (NDCLS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kamran M Miah
- UK Respiratory Gene Therapy Consortium, London, United Kingdom
- Gene Medicine Group, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (NDCLS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Juarez Molina
- UK Respiratory Gene Therapy Consortium, London, United Kingdom
- Gene Therapy Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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14
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Wang JY, Young LR. Insights into the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Fibrosis from Genetic Diseases. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 67:20-35. [PMID: 35294321 PMCID: PMC9273221 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0557tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a disease process associated with significant morbidity and mortality, with limited therapeutic options owing to an incomplete understanding of the underlying pathophysiology. Mechanisms driving the fibrotic cascade have been elucidated through studies of rare and common variants in surfactant-related and telomere-related genes in familial and sporadic forms of pulmonary fibrosis, as well as in multisystem Mendelian genetic disorders that present with pulmonary fibrosis. In this translational review, we outline insights into the pathophysiology of pulmonary fibrosis derived from genetic forms of the disease, with a focus on model systems, shared cellular and molecular mechanisms, and potential targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Y. Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Lisa R. Young
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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15
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KLF4 regulates TERT expression in alveolar epithelial cells in pulmonary fibrosis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:435. [PMID: 35508454 PMCID: PMC9068714 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04886-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) was considered as a telomere-mediated disease. TERT and TERC correlated with telomere length. Although telomerase gene mutations were associated with IPF, majority patients did not carry mutations. The mechanism by which telomerase expression was regulated in IPF are still unclear. In this study, we aimed to delineate the mechanisms that how TERT protein expression were regulated in alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) in pulmonary fibrosis. Here, we found that P16, P21 and fibrosis markers (αSMA and Collagen-I) were prominently increased in lung tissues of IPF patients and bleomycin-induced mouse models, while the expression of KLF4 and TERT were decreased in AECs. In vivo experiments, AAV-6 vectors mediated KLF4 over-expression with specific SP-C promoter was constructed. Over-expression of KLF4 in AECs could protect TERT expression and suppress the development of pulmonary fibrosis in bleomycin-induced mouse models. In the mechanism exploration of TERT regulation, KLF4 and TERT were both down-regulated in bleomycin-induced senescent MLE-12 and BEAS-2B cells. Compared with control group, small-interfering RNA targeting KLF4 significantly reduced the TERT expression and telomerase activity, while overexpression of KLF4 can increased the expression of TERT and telomerase activity in senescent AECs. Furthermore, ChIP showed that KLF4 protein could bind to the TERT promoter region in MLE-12 cells, suggesting that KLF4 could implicate in pathogenesis of lung fibrosis through regulating TERT transcription in AECs. Taken together, this study identified that KLF4 might be a promising potential target for further understanding the mechanism and developing novel strategy for the treatment of lung fibrosis in IPF.
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16
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Early differential responses elicited by BRAF V600E in adult mouse models. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:142. [PMID: 35145078 PMCID: PMC8831492 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04597-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The BRAF gene is frequently mutated in cancer. The most common genetic mutation is a single nucleotide transition which gives rise to a constitutively active BRAF kinase (BRAFV600E) which in turn sustains continuous cell proliferation. The study of BRAFV600E murine models has been mainly focused on the role of BRAFV600E in tumor development but little is known on the early molecular impact of BRAFV600E expression in vivo. Here, we study the immediate effects of acute ubiquitous BRAFV600E activation in vivo. We find that BRAFV600E elicits a rapid DNA damage response in the liver, spleen, lungs but not in thyroids. This DNA damage response does not occur at telomeres and is accompanied by activation of the senescence marker p21CIP1 only in lungs but not in liver or spleen. Moreover, in lungs, BRAFV600E provokes an acute inflammatory state with a tissue-specific recruitment of neutrophils in the alveolar parenchyma and macrophages in bronchi/bronchioles, as well as bronchial/bronchiolar epithelium transdifferentiation and development of adenomas. Furthermore, whereas in non-tumor alveolar type II (ATIIs) pneumocytes, acute BRAFV600E induction elicits rapid p53-independent p21CIP1 activation, adenoma ATIIs express p53 without resulting in p21CIP1 gene activation. Conversely, albeit in Club cells BRAFV600E-mediated proliferative cue is more exacerbated compared to that occurring in ATIIs, such oncogenic stimulus culminates with p21CIP1-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Our findings indicate that acute BRAFV600E expression drives an immediate induction of DNA damage response in vivo. More importantly, it also results in rapid differential responses of cell cycle and senescence-associated proteins in lung epithelia, thus revealing the early molecular changes emerging in BRAFV600E-challenged cells during tumorigenesis in vivo.
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17
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Rossiello F, Jurk D, Passos JF, d'Adda di Fagagna F. Telomere dysfunction in ageing and age-related diseases. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:135-147. [PMID: 35165420 PMCID: PMC8985209 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-00842-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ageing organisms accumulate senescent cells that are thought to contribute to body dysfunction. Telomere shortening and damage are recognized causes of cellular senescence and ageing. Several human conditions associated with normal ageing are precipitated by accelerated telomere dysfunction. Here, we systematize a large body of evidence and propose a coherent perspective to recognize the broad contribution of telomeric dysfunction to human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Rossiello
- IFOM Foundation-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Diana Jurk
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - João F Passos
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Fabrizio d'Adda di Fagagna
- IFOM Foundation-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy.
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGM-CNR), Pavia, Italy.
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18
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Utility of Telomerase Gene Mutation Testing in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis in Routine Practice. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030372. [PMID: 35159182 PMCID: PMC8834025 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that causative variants in telomerase complex genes (TCGs) are present in around 10% of individuals with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) regardless of family history of the disease. However, the studies used a case-control rare variant enrichment study design which is not directly translatable to routine practice. To validate the prevalence results and to establish the individual level, routine clinical practice, and utility of those results we performed next generation sequencing of TCGs on a cohort of well-characterized consecutive individuals with IPF (diagnosis established according to ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT guidelines). Of 27 IPF patients, three had a family history of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (familial IPF) and 24 did not (sporadic IPF). Pathogenic/likely-pathogenic variants (according to American College of Medical Genetics criteria) in TCG were found in three individuals (11.1%) of the whole cohort; specifically, they were present in 2 out of 24 (8.3%) of the sporadic and in 1 out of 3 (33.3%) of the patients with familial IPF. Our results, which were established on an individual-patient level study design and in routine clinical practice (as opposed to the case-control study design), are roughly in line with the around 10% prevalence of causative TCG variants in patients with IPF.
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19
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Mei Q, Liu Z, Zuo H, Yang Z, Qu J. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: An Update on Pathogenesis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:797292. [PMID: 35126134 PMCID: PMC8807692 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.797292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, lethal fibrotic lung disease that occurs primarily in middle-aged and elderly adults. It is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. With an increase in life expectancy, the economic burden of IPF is expected to continuously rise in the near future. Although the exact pathophysiological mechanisms underlying IPF remain not known. Significant progress has been made in our understanding of the pathogenesis of this devastating disease in last decade. The current paradigm assumes that IPF results from sustained or repetitive lung epithelial injury and subsequent activation of fibroblasts and myofibroblast differentiation. Persistent myofibroblast phenotype contributes to excessive deposition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and aberrant lung repair, leading to tissue scar formation, distortion of the alveolar structure, and irreversible loss of lung function. Treatments of patients with IPF by pirfenidone and nintedanib have shown significant reduction of lung function decline and slowing of disease progression in patients with IPF. However, these drugs do not cure the disease. In this review, we discuss recent advances on the pathogenesis of IPF and highlight the development of novel therapeutic strategies against the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jing Qu
- *Correspondence: Zhenhua Yang, ; Jing Qu,
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20
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Ruiz A, Flores-Gonzalez J, Buendia-Roldan I, Chavez-Galan L. Telomere Shortening and Its Association with Cell Dysfunction in Lung Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:425. [PMID: 35008850 PMCID: PMC8745057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are localized at the end of chromosomes to provide genome stability; however, the telomere length tends to be shortened with each cell division inducing a progressive telomere shortening (TS). In addition to age, other factors, such as exposure to pollutants, diet, stress, and disruptions in the shelterin protein complex or genes associated with telomerase induce TS. This phenomenon favors cellular senescence and genotoxic stress, which increases the risk of the development and progression of lung diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, SARS-CoV-2 infection, and lung cancer. In an infectious environment, immune cells that exhibit TS are associated with severe lymphopenia and death, whereas in a noninfectious context, naïve T cells that exhibit TS are related to cancer progression and enhanced inflammatory processes. In this review, we discuss how TS modifies the function of the immune system cells, making them inefficient in maintaining homeostasis in the lung. Finally, we discuss the advances in drug and gene therapy for lung diseases where TS could be used as a target for future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Leslie Chavez-Galan
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (A.R.); (J.F.-G.); (I.B.-R.)
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21
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Sepe S, Rossiello F, Cancila V, Iannelli F, Matti V, Cicio G, Cabrini M, Marinelli E, Alabi BR, di Lillo A, Di Napoli A, Shay JW, Tripodo C, d'Adda di Fagagna F. DNA damage response at telomeres boosts the transcription of SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 during aging. EMBO Rep 2021; 23:e53658. [PMID: 34854526 PMCID: PMC8811650 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), known to be more common in the elderly, who also show more severe symptoms and are at higher risk of hospitalization and death. Here, we show that the expression of the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the SARS‐CoV‐2 cell receptor, increases during aging in mouse and human lungs. ACE2 expression increases upon telomere shortening or dysfunction in both cultured mammalian cells and in vivo in mice. This increase is controlled at the transcriptional level, and Ace2 promoter activity is DNA damage response (DDR)‐dependent. Both pharmacological global DDR inhibition of ATM kinase activity and selective telomeric DDR inhibition by the use of antisense oligonucleotides prevent Ace2 upregulation following telomere damage in cultured cells and in mice. We propose that during aging telomere dysfunction due to telomeric shortening or damage triggers DDR activation and this causes the upregulation of ACE2, the SARS‐CoV‐2 cell receptor, thus contributing to make the elderly more susceptible to the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sepe
- IFOM Foundation-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Rossiello
- IFOM Foundation-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Cancila
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Iannelli
- IFOM Foundation-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Matti
- IFOM Foundation-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Giada Cicio
- IFOM Foundation-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy.,Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Matteo Cabrini
- IFOM Foundation-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy.,Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGM-CNR), Pavia, Italy
| | - Eugenia Marinelli
- IFOM Foundation-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy.,Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGM-CNR), Pavia, Italy
| | - Busola R Alabi
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Alessia di Lillo
- IFOM Foundation-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Di Napoli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Pathology Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Jerry W Shay
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabrizio d'Adda di Fagagna
- IFOM Foundation-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy.,Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGM-CNR), Pavia, Italy
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22
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Monkley S, Overed-Sayer C, Parfrey H, Rassl D, Crowther D, Escudero-Ibarz L, Davis N, Carruthers A, Berks R, Coetzee M, Kolosionek E, Karlsson M, Griffin LR, Clausen M, Belfield G, Hogaboam CM, Murray LA. Sensitization of the UPR by loss of PPP1R15A promotes fibrosis and senescence in IPF. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21584. [PMID: 34732748 PMCID: PMC8566588 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00769-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a direct consequence of cellular endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and a key disease driving mechanism in IPF. The resolution of the UPR is directed by PPP1R15A (GADD34) and leads to the restoration of normal ribosomal activity. While the role of PPP1R15A has been explored in lung epithelial cells, the role of this UPR resolving factor has yet to be explored in lung mesenchymal cells. The objective of the current study was to determine the expression and role of PPP1R15A in IPF fibroblasts and in a bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis model. A survey of IPF lung tissue revealed that PPP1R15A expression was markedly reduced. Targeting PPP1R15A in primary fibroblasts modulated TGF-β-induced fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation and exacerbated pulmonary fibrosis in bleomycin-challenged mice. Interestingly, the loss of PPP1R15A appeared to promote lung fibroblast senescence. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the major role of PPP1R15A in the regulation of lung mesenchymal cells, and regulation of PPP1R15A may represent a novel therapeutic strategy in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Monkley
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Catherine Overed-Sayer
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Helen Parfrey
- Cambridge Interstitial Lung Disease Service, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Damian Crowther
- Neuroscience, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Nicola Davis
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alan Carruthers
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard Berks
- Biological Services Group, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Ewa Kolosionek
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Karlsson
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Leia R Griffin
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maryam Clausen
- Translational Genomics, Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Graham Belfield
- Translational Genomics, Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cory M Hogaboam
- Cedars-Sinai Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Lynne A Murray
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.
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23
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Giacomelli C, Piccarducci R, Marchetti L, Romei C, Martini C. Pulmonary fibrosis from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic interventions: lessons from post-COVID-19 patients. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 193:114812. [PMID: 34687672 PMCID: PMC8546906 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is characterised by several grades of chronic inflammation and collagen deposition in the interalveolar space and is a hallmark of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). Recently, infectious agents have emerged as driving causes for PF development; however, the role of viral/bacterial infections in the initiation and propagation of PF is still debated. In this context, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, has been associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and PF development. Although the infection by SARS-CoV-2 can be eradicated in most cases, the development of fibrotic lesions cannot be precluded; furthermore, whether these lesions are stable or progressive fibrotic events is still unknown. Herein, an overview of the main molecular mechanisms driving the fibrotic process together with the currently approved and newly proposed therapeutic solutions was given. Then, the most recent data that emerged from post-COVID-19 patients was discussed, in order to compare PF and COVID-19-dependent PF, highlighting shared and specific mechanisms. A better understanding of PF aetiology is certainly needed, also to develop effective therapeutic strategies and COVID-19 pathology is offering one more chance to do it. Overall, the work reported here could help to define new approaches for therapeutic intervention in the diversity of the ILD spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giacomelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Rebecca Piccarducci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Laura Marchetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Chiara Romei
- Multidisciplinary Team of Interstitial Lung Disease, Radiology Department, Pisa University Hospital, Via Paradisa 2, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Claudia Martini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, Pisa 56126, Italy,Corresponding author
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24
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Cai Q, Ma J, Wang J, Wang J, Cui J, Wu S, Wang Z, Wang N, Wang J, Yang D, Yang J, Xue J, Li F, Chen J, Liu X. Adenoviral Transduction of Dickkopf-1 Alleviates Silica-Induced Silicosis Development in Lungs of Mice. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 33:155-174. [PMID: 34405699 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2021.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicosis is an occupational disease caused by inhalation of silica dust, which is hallmarked by progressive pulmonary fibrosis associated with poor prognosis. Wnt/β-catenin signaling is implicated in the development of fibrosis and is a therapeutic target for fibrotic diseases. Previous clinical studies of patients with pneumoconiosis, including silicosis, revealed an increased concentration of circulating WNT3A and DKK1 proteins and inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage compared with healthy subjects. The present study evaluated the effects of adenovirus-mediated transduction of Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1), a Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibitor, on the development of pulmonary silicosis in mice. Consistent with previous human clinical studies, our experimental studies in mice demonstrated an aberrant Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity coinciding with increased Wnt3a and Dkk1 proteins and inflammation in lungs of silica-induced silicosis mice compared with controls. Intratracheal delivery of adenovirus expressing murine Dkk1 (AdDkk1) inhibited Wnt/β-catenin activity in mouse lungs. The adenovirus-mediated Dkk1 gene transduction demonstrated the potential to prevent silicosis development and ameliorate silica-induced lung fibrogenesis in mice, accompanied by the reduced expression of epithelia--mesenchymal transition markers and deposition of extracellular matrix proteins compared with mice treated with "null" adenoviral vector. Mechanistically, AdDkk1 is able to attenuate the lung silicosis by inhibiting a silica-induced spike in TGF-β/Smad signaling. In addition, the forced expression of Dkk1 suppressed silica-induced epithelial cell proliferation in polarized human bronchial epithelial cells. This study provides insight into the underlying role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in promoting the pathogenesis of silicosis and is proof-of-concept that targeting Wnt/β-catenin signaling by Dkk1 gene transduction may be an alternative approach in the prevention and treatment of silicosis lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Cai
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources of Western China, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jia Ma
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources of Western China, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Juying Wang
- Department of Occupational Disease, The Fifth People's Hospital of Ningxia, Shizuishan, China
| | - Jieda Cui
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources of Western China, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Dandan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources of Western China, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jiali Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources of Western China, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jing Xue
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources of Western China, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Feng Li
- Center of Medical Laboratory, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources of Western China, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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25
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Ptasinski V, Stegmayr J, Belvisi MG, Wagner DE, Murray LA. Targeting Alveolar Repair in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 65:347-365. [PMID: 34129811 PMCID: PMC8525210 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0476tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a fatal interstitial lung disease with limited therapeutic options. Current evidence suggests that IPF may be initiated by repeated epithelial injury in the distal lung followed by abnormal wound healing responses which occur due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Mechanisms contributing to chronic damage of the alveolar epithelium in IPF include dysregulated cellular processes such as apoptosis, senescence, abnormal activation of developmental pathways, aging, as well as genetic mutations. Therefore, targeting the regenerative capacity of the lung epithelium is an attractive approach in the development of novel therapies for IPF. Endogenous lung regeneration is a complex process involving coordinated cross-talk between multiple cell types and re-establishment of a normal extracellular matrix environment. This review will describe the current knowledge of reparative epithelial progenitor cells in the alveolar region of the lung and discuss potential novel therapeutic approaches for IPF focusing on endogenous alveolar repair. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Ptasinski
- Lund University Faculty of Medicine, 59568, Lund, Sweden.,AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, 128698, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - John Stegmayr
- Lunds University Faculty of Medicine, 59568, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria G Belvisi
- Imperial College London, 4615, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Darcy E Wagner
- Lunds Universitet, 5193, Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lynne A Murray
- AstraZeneca PLC, 4625, Cambridge, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
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26
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Da Silva E, Vogel U, Hougaard KS, Pérez-Gil J, Zuo YY, Sørli JB. An adverse outcome pathway for lung surfactant function inhibition leading to decreased lung function. Curr Res Toxicol 2021; 2:225-236. [PMID: 34345865 PMCID: PMC8320609 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhaled substances, such as consumer products, chemicals at the workplace, and nanoparticles, can affect the lung function in several ways. In this paper, we explore the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) that starts when inhaled substances that reach the alveoli inhibit the function of the lung surfactant, and leads to decreased lung function. Lung surfactant covers the inner surface of the alveoli, and regulates the surface tension at the air-liquid interface during breathing. The inhibition of the lung surfactant function leads to alveolar collapse because of the resulting high surface tension at the end of expiration. The collapsed alveoli can be re-opened by inspiration, but this re-opening causes shear stress on cells covering the alveoli. This can damage the alveolar-capillary membrane integrity, allowing blood components to enter the alveolar airspace. Blood components, such as albumin, can interact with the lung surfactant and further inhibit its function. The collapse of the alveoli is responsible for a decrease in the surface area available for blood oxygenation, and it reduces the volume of air that can be inhaled and exhaled. These different key events lead to decreased lung function, characterized by clinical signs of respiratory toxicity and reduced blood oxygenation. Here we present the weight of evidence that supports the AOP, and we give an overview of the methods available in vitro and in vivo to measure each key event of the pathway, and how this AOP can potentially be used in screening for inhalation toxicity.
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Key Words
- AO, adverse outcome
- AOP, adverse outcome pathway
- ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome
- Adverse outcome pathway
- Alternative method
- EAGMST, Extended Advisory Group on Molecular Screening and Toxicogenomics
- GHS, Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals
- Inhalation
- KE, key event
- Lung surfactant
- MIE, molecular initiating event
- Nanomaterials
- New approach methodology
- OECD, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development
- OI, oxygenation index
- PaO2, dissolved oxygen in the plasma
- SaO2, percentage of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen
- Spray products
- TEER, trans epithelial electrical resistance
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Da Silva
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- DTU Environment, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- DTU Health Tech, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Karin S. Hougaard
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesus Pérez-Gil
- Faculty of Biology and Research Institute “12 de Octubre (imas12)”, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yi Y. Zuo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Jorid B. Sørli
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
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27
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Kiener M, Roldan N, Machahua C, Sengupta A, Geiser T, Guenat OT, Funke-Chambour M, Hobi N, Kruithof-de Julio M. Human-Based Advanced in vitro Approaches to Investigate Lung Fibrosis and Pulmonary Effects of COVID-19. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:644678. [PMID: 34026781 PMCID: PMC8139419 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.644678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused considerable socio-economic burden, which fueled the development of treatment strategies and vaccines at an unprecedented speed. However, our knowledge on disease recovery is sparse and concerns about long-term pulmonary impairments are increasing. Causing a broad spectrum of symptoms, COVID-19 can manifest as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in the most severely affected patients. Notably, pulmonary infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causing agent of COVID-19, induces diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) followed by fibrotic remodeling and persistent reduced oxygenation in some patients. It is currently not known whether tissue scaring fully resolves or progresses to interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. The most aggressive form of pulmonary fibrosis is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). IPF is a fatal disease that progressively destroys alveolar architecture by uncontrolled fibroblast proliferation and the deposition of collagen and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. It is assumed that micro-injuries to the alveolar epithelium may be induced by inhalation of micro-particles, pathophysiological mechanical stress or viral infections, which can result in abnormal wound healing response. However, the exact underlying causes and molecular mechanisms of lung fibrosis are poorly understood due to the limited availability of clinically relevant models. Recently, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 with the urgent need to investigate its pathogenesis and address drug options, has led to the broad application of in vivo and in vitro models to study lung diseases. In particular, advanced in vitro models including precision-cut lung slices (PCLS), lung organoids, 3D in vitro tissues and lung-on-chip (LOC) models have been successfully employed for drug screens. In order to gain a deeper understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection and ultimately alveolar tissue regeneration, it will be crucial to optimize the available models for SARS-CoV-2 infection in multicellular systems that recapitulate tissue regeneration and fibrotic remodeling. Current evidence for SARS-CoV-2 mediated pulmonary fibrosis and a selection of classical and novel lung models will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Kiener
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research DBMR, Urology Research Laboratory, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Alveolix AG, Swiss Organs-on-Chip Innovation, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nuria Roldan
- Alveolix AG, Swiss Organs-on-Chip Innovation, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carlos Machahua
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research DBMR, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Arunima Sengupta
- Organs-on-Chip Technologies, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Geiser
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research DBMR, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Thierry Guenat
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Organs-on-Chip Technologies, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Manuela Funke-Chambour
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research DBMR, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nina Hobi
- Alveolix AG, Swiss Organs-on-Chip Innovation, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marianna Kruithof-de Julio
- Department for BioMedical Research DBMR, Urology Research Laboratory, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Alveolix AG, Swiss Organs-on-Chip Innovation, Bern, Switzerland
- Organoid Core, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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28
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Piñeiro‐Hermida S, Martínez P, Blasco MA. Short and dysfunctional telomeres protect from allergen-induced airway inflammation. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13352. [PMID: 33942458 PMCID: PMC8135011 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting 300 million people worldwide. As telomere shortening is a well-established hallmark of aging and that asthma incidence decreases with age, here we aimed to study the role of short telomeres in asthma pathobiology. To this end, wild-type and telomerase-deficient mice with short telomeres (third-generation (G3 Tert-/- mice)) were challenged with intranasal house dust mite (HDM) extract. We also challenged with HDM wild-type mice in which we induced a telomere dysfunction by the administration of 6-thio-2´-deoxyguanosine (6-thio-dG). Following HDM exposure, G3 Tert-/- and 6-thio-dG treated mice exhibited attenuated eosinophil counts and presence of hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow, as well as lower levels of IgE and circulating eosinophils. Accordingly, both G3 Tert-/- and 6-thio-dG treated wild-type mice displayed reduced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), as indicated by decreased airway remodeling and allergic airway inflammation markers in the lung. Furthermore, G3 Tert-/- and 6-thio-dG treated mice showed lower differentiation of Club cells, attenuating goblet cell hyperplasia. Club cells of G3 Tert-/- and 6-thio-dG treated mice displayed increased DNA damage and senescence and reduced proliferation. Thus, short/dysfunctional telomeres play a protective role in murine asthma by impeding both AHR and mucus secretion after HDM exposure. Therefore, our findings imply that telomeres play a relevant role in allergen-induced airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Piñeiro‐Hermida
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group Molecular Oncology Program Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO) Madrid Spain
| | - Paula Martínez
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group Molecular Oncology Program Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO) Madrid Spain
| | - Maria A. Blasco
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group Molecular Oncology Program Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO) Madrid Spain
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29
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Pardo A, Selman M. The Interplay of the Genetic Architecture, Aging, and Environmental Factors in the Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:163-172. [PMID: 32946290 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0373ps] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic fibrosing lung disease of indeterminate etiology and limited therapeutic options. The initiation, development, and progression of IPF are influenced by genetic predisposition, aging, and host and environmental factors, but the magnitude of the contribution of each of them and the sequence of the pathogenic events are uncertain. Current evidence indicates that accumulated environmental exposures in a genetically predisposed individual, usually over 60 years of age, leads to phenotypic and functional alterations of the lung epithelium. Aberrant activation of epithelial cells results, through a complex release of numerous mediators, in the local expansion of peculiar subsets of aggressive fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, which are crucial effector cells of fibrotic remodeling and loss of the normal lung architecture and function. Progressive increase of the mechanical stiffness activates cell-autonomous and matrix-dependent processes contributing to the perpetuation of the fibrotic response. This Perspective provides an integral overview of the major risk factors underpinning the pathogenesis of IPF, including gene variants, aging alterations, environmental factors, host risk factors, and epigenetic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Pardo
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico; and
| | - Moisés Selman
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," México City, Mexico
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30
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Córdoba-Lanús E, Cazorla-Rivero S, García-Bello MA, Mayato D, Gonzalvo F, Ayra-Plasencia J, Celli B, Casanova C. Telomere length dynamics over 10-years and related outcomes in patients with COPD. Respir Res 2021; 22:56. [PMID: 33608013 PMCID: PMC7896411 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01616-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been proposed as a disease of accelerated aging. Several cross-sectional studies have related a shorter telomere length (TL), a marker of biological aging, with COPD outcomes. Whether accelerated telomere shortening over time relates to worse outcomes in COPD patients, is not known. Methods Relative telomere length (T/S) was determined by qPCR in DNA samples from peripheral blood in 263 patients at baseline and up to 10 years post enrolment. Yearly clinical and lung function data of 134 patients with at least two-time measures of T/S over this time were included in the analysis. Results At baseline, T/S inversely correlated with age (r = − 0.236; p < 0.001), but there was no relationship between T/S and clinical and lung function variables (p > 0.05). Over 10 years of observation, there was a median shortening of TL of 183 bp/year for COPD patients. After adjusting for age, gender, active smoking and mean T/S, patients that shortened their telomeres the most over time, had worse gas exchange, more lung hyperinflation and extrapulmonary affection during the follow-up, (PaO2 p < 0.0001; KCO p = 0.042; IC/TLC p < 0.0001; 6MWD p = 0.004 and BODE index p = 0.009). Patients in the lowest tertile of T/S through the follow-up period had an increased risk of death [HR = 5.48, (1.23–24.42) p = 0.026]. Conclusions This prospective study shows an association between accelerated telomere shortening and progressive worsening of pulmonary gas exchange, lung hyperinflation and extrapulmonary affection in COPD patients. Moreover, persistently shorter telomeres over this observation time increase the risk for all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Córdoba-Lanús
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain. .,University of La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. .,Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales Y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUETSPC), Tenerife, Spain.
| | - S Cazorla-Rivero
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,University of La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - M A García-Bello
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - D Mayato
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - F Gonzalvo
- Pulmonary Division, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - J Ayra-Plasencia
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,University of La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - B Celli
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Department, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Casanova
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Pulmonary Division, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,University of La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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31
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Li H, Wang B, Li D, Li J, Luo Y, Dan J. Roles of telomeres and telomerase in age‑related renal diseases (Review). Mol Med Rep 2020; 23:96. [PMID: 33300081 PMCID: PMC7723152 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Age‑related renal diseases, which account for various progressive renal disorders associated with cellular and organismal senescence, are becoming a substantial public health burden. However, their aetiologies are complicated and their pathogeneses remain poorly understood. Telomeres and telomerase are known to be essential for maintaining the integrity and stability of eukaryotic genomes and serve crucial roles in numerous related signalling pathways that activate renal functions, such as repair and regeneration. Previous studies have reported that telomere dysfunction served a role in various types of age‑related kidney disease through various different molecular pathways. The present review aimed to summarise the current knowledge of the association between telomeres and ageing‑related kidney diseases and explored the contribution of dysfunctional telomeres to these diseases. The findings may help to provide novel strategies for treating patients with renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haili Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Boyuan Wang
- The Key Lab of Sports and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Physical Education, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, Yunnan 653100, P.R. China
| | - Daoqun Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine and Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Jinyuan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Ying Luo
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Juhua Dan
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
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32
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Chambers DC. The ongoing quest for a fountain of youth: Cell therapy for pulmonary fibrosis. Respirology 2020; 26:136-137. [PMID: 32911569 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Chambers
- School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Qld Lung Transplant Program, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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