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Lee S, Yoon SJ, Oh JH, Ryu JS, Park Y, Hwang ES. MPoMA protects against lung epithelial cell injury via p65 degradation. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116674. [PMID: 38703509 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous cases of lung injury caused by viral infection were reported during the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic. While there have been significant efforts to develop drugs that block viral infection and spread, the development of drugs to reduce or reverse lung injury has been a lower priority. This study aimed to identify compounds from a library of compounds that prevent viral infection that could reduce and prevent lung epithelial cell damage. We investigated the cytotoxicity of the compounds, their activity in inhibiting viral spike protein binding to cells, and their activity in reducing IL-8 production in lung epithelial cells damaged by amodiaquine (AQ). We identified N-(4-(4-methoxyphenoxy)-3-methylphenyl)-N-methylacetamide (MPoMA) as a non-cytotoxic inhibitor against viral infection and AQ-induced cell damage. MPoMA inhibited the expression of IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β, and fibronectin induced by AQ and protected against AQ-induced morphological changes. However, MPoMA did not affect basal IL-8 expression in lung epithelial cells in the absence of AQ. Further mechanistic analysis confirmed that MPoMA selectively promoted the proteasomal degradation of inflammatory mediator p65, thereby reducing intracellular p65 expression and p65-mediated inflammatory responses. MPoMA exerted potent anti-inflammatory and protective functions in epithelial cells against LPS-induced acute lung injury in vivo. These findings suggest that MPoMA may have beneficial effects in suppressing viral infection and preventing lung epithelial cell damage through the degradation of p65 and inhibition of the production of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheun Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Suh Jin Yoon
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sang Ryu
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjeong Park
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun Sook Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea.
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Pandey S, Singh R, Habib N, Singh V, Kushwaha R, Tripathi AK, Mahdi AA. Expression of CXCL8 (IL-8) in the Pathogenesis of T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patients. Cureus 2023; 15:e45929. [PMID: 37885528 PMCID: PMC10599407 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation plays a very important role in the pathogenesis of a wide range of diseases, such as atherosclerosis myocardial infarction, sepsis, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer. This study aimed to investigate the association of IL-8 in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) patients. Methodology IL-8 levels were estimated in 52 individuals. Of the study population, 26 were T-ALL patients (all phases of leukemia were included in the study) and 26 were disease-free healthy volunteers. In this study, we employed flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction test, and western blot analysis. Results IL-8 was significantly higher in all T-ALL patients than in healthy volunteers. IL-8 levels showed a significant positive correlation in T-ALL patients at the genomic and proteomic levels. Conclusions Higher serum IL-8 levels were associated with the advanced disease stage of the clinicopathological parameters. Our results indicate that monitoring IL-8 has a role in modulating disease sensing in T-ALL and may represent a target for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Pandey
- Biochemistry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
| | - Ranjana Singh
- Biochemistry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
| | - Nimra Habib
- Biochemistry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
| | - Vivek Singh
- Biochemistry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
| | | | - Anil K Tripathi
- Clinical Hematology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
| | - Abbas A Mahdi
- Biochemistry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
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3
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Kutwin M, Woźniacka A. Interleukins 20 and 8 - less widely known cytokines in psoriasis. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2023; 40:194-203. [PMID: 37312911 PMCID: PMC10258704 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2022.119077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common immune-mediated inflammatory dermatosis affecting 2-3% of the northern European population. Although its aetiology is not completely elucidated, it is widely accepted that activated immune cells and keratinocytes stimulate keratinocyte hyperproliferation by production of cytokines; indeed, elevated amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines have been observed in skin lesions and patient serum. By identifying those playing a central role in the disease pathogenesis, it will be possible to indicate a potential therapeutic target. Drugs targeting tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-12/23, IL-17, IL-22 and IL-23 and Janus kinase inhibitors have been found to successfully alleviate resistant skin lesions. However, psoriasis is a complex disease with varied cellular interactions and cytokines, and a complex receptor network. Therefore, this review paper examines the less widely known cytokines IL-20 and IL-8, their therapeutic potential and their role in skin lesion development. Although promising results have been obtained for IL-20 and IL-8 treatment, and their role in the psoriasis skin lesion development is well documented, the role of these two cytokines remains overshadowed by that of the wider systemic cytokine storm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kutwin
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Woźniacka
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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4
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Pastrez PRA, Barbosa AM, Mariano VS, Causin RL, Castro AG, Torrado E, Longatto-Filho A. Interleukin-8 and Interleukin-6 Are Biomarkers of Poor Prognosis in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15071997. [PMID: 37046658 PMCID: PMC10093339 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15071997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common type of cancer characterized by fast progression and high mortality rates, which generally implies a poor prognosis at time of diagnosis. Intricate interaction networks of cytokines produced by resident and inflammatory cells in the tumor microenvironment play crucial roles in ESCC development and metastasis, thus influencing therapy efficiency. As such, cytokines are the most prominent targets for specific therapies and prognostic parameters to predict tumor progression and aggressiveness. In this work, we examined the association between ESCC progression and the systemic levels of inflammatory cytokines to determine their usefulness as diagnostic biomarkers. We analyzed the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α e IL-12p70 in a group of 70 ESCC patients and 70 healthy individuals using Cytometric Bead Array (CBA) technology. We detected increased levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 in ESCC patients compared to controls. However, multivariate analysis revealed that only IL8 was an independent prognostic factor for ESCC, as were the well-known risk factors: alcohol consumption, tobacco usage, and exposure to pesticides/insecticides. Importantly, patients with low IL-6, IL-8, TNM I/II, or those who underwent surgery had a significantly higher overall survival rate. We also studied cultured Kyse-30 and Kyse-410 cells in mice. We determined that the ESCC cell line Kyse-30 grew more aggressively than the Kyse-410 cell line. This enhanced growth was associated with the recruitment/accumulation of intratumoral polymorphonuclear leukocytes. In conclusion, our data suggest IL-8 as a valuable prognostic factor with potential as a biomarker for ESCC.
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5
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Cambier S, Gouwy M, Proost P. The chemokines CXCL8 and CXCL12: molecular and functional properties, role in disease and efforts towards pharmacological intervention. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:217-251. [PMID: 36725964 PMCID: PMC9890491 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-00974-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are an indispensable component of our immune system through the regulation of directional migration and activation of leukocytes. CXCL8 is the most potent human neutrophil-attracting chemokine and plays crucial roles in the response to infection and tissue injury. CXCL8 activity inherently depends on interaction with the human CXC chemokine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2, the atypical chemokine receptor ACKR1, and glycosaminoglycans. Furthermore, (hetero)dimerization and tight regulation of transcription and translation, as well as post-translational modifications further fine-tune the spatial and temporal activity of CXCL8 in the context of inflammatory diseases and cancer. The CXCL8 interaction with receptors and glycosaminoglycans is therefore a promising target for therapy, as illustrated by multiple ongoing clinical trials. CXCL8-mediated neutrophil mobilization to blood is directly opposed by CXCL12, which retains leukocytes in bone marrow. CXCL12 is primarily a homeostatic chemokine that induces migration and activation of hematopoietic progenitor cells, endothelial cells, and several leukocytes through interaction with CXCR4, ACKR1, and ACKR3. Thereby, it is an essential player in the regulation of embryogenesis, hematopoiesis, and angiogenesis. However, CXCL12 can also exert inflammatory functions, as illustrated by its pivotal role in a growing list of pathologies and its synergy with CXCL8 and other chemokines to induce leukocyte chemotaxis. Here, we review the plethora of information on the CXCL8 structure, interaction with receptors and glycosaminoglycans, different levels of activity regulation, role in homeostasis and disease, and therapeutic prospects. Finally, we discuss recent research on CXCL12 biochemistry and biology and its role in pathology and pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seppe Cambier
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mieke Gouwy
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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6
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Dukić M, Radonjić T, Jovanović I, Zdravković M, Todorović Z, Kraišnik N, Aranđelović B, Mandić O, Popadić V, Nikolić N, Klašnja S, Manojlović A, Divac A, Gačić J, Brajković M, Oprić S, Popović M, Branković M. Alcohol, Inflammation, and Microbiota in Alcoholic Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043735. [PMID: 36835145 PMCID: PMC9966185 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a consequence of excessive alcohol use. According to many studies, alcohol represents a significant socioeconomic and health risk factor in today's population. According to data from the World Health Organization, there are about 75 million people who have alcohol disorders, and it is well known that its use leads to serious health problems. ALD is a multimodality spectrum that includes alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFL) and alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH), consequently leading to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. In addition, the rapid progression of alcoholic liver disease can lead to alcoholic hepatitis (AH). Alcohol metabolism produces toxic metabolites that lead to tissue and organ damage through an inflammatory cascade that includes numerous cytokines, chemokines, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the process of inflammation, mediators are cells of the immune system, but also resident cells of the liver, such as hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, and Kupffer cells. These cells are activated by exogenous and endogenous antigens, which are called pathogen and damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs, DAMPs). Both are recognized by Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which activation triggers the inflammatory pathways. It has been proven that intestinal dysbiosis and disturbed integrity of the intestinal barrier perform a role in the promotion of inflammatory liver damage. These phenomena are also found in chronic excessive use of alcohol. The intestinal microbiota has an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of the organism, and its role in the treatment of ALD has been widely investigated. Prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, and symbiotics represent therapeutic interventions that can have a significant effect on the prevention and treatment of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Dukić
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tijana Radonjić
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Igor Jovanović
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Zdravković
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Todorović
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nemanja Kraišnik
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojana Aranđelović
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olga Mandić
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Višeslav Popadić
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Novica Nikolić
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slobodan Klašnja
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andrea Manojlović
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Anica Divac
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasna Gačić
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Brajković
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Oprić
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Popović
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Branković
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: or
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7
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Thompson S, Pang CY, Sepuru KM, Cambier S, Hellyer TP, Scott J, Simpson AJ, Proost P, Kirby JA, Rajarathnam K, Sheerin NS, Ali S. Nitration of chemokine CXCL8 acts as a natural mechanism to limit acute inflammation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:35. [PMID: 36622452 PMCID: PMC9829591 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04663-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Chemokine CXCL8 is a key facilitator of the human host immune response, mediating neutrophil migration, and activation at the site of infection and injury. The oxidative burst is an important effector mechanism which leads to the generation of reactive nitrogen species (RNS), including peroxynitrite. The current study was performed to determine the potential for nitration to alter the biological properties of CXCL8 and its detection in human disease. Here, we show peroxynitrite nitrates CXCL8 and thereby regulates neutrophil migration and activation. The nitrated chemokine was unable to induce transendothelial neutrophil migration in vitro and failed to promote leukocyte recruitment in vivo. This reduced activity is due to impairment in both G protein-coupled receptor signaling and glycosaminoglycan binding. Using a novel antibody, nitrated CXCL8 was detected in bronchoalveolar lavage samples from patients with pneumonia. These findings were validated by mass spectrometry. Our results provide the first direct evidence of chemokine nitration in human pathophysiology and suggest a natural mechanism that limits acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Thompson
- Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Chong Yun Pang
- Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Krishna Mohan Sepuru
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Seppe Cambier
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas P Hellyer
- Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Jonathan Scott
- Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - A John Simpson
- Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4L9, UK
| | - Paul Proost
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - John A Kirby
- Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Krishna Rajarathnam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
| | - Neil S Sheerin
- Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Simi Ali
- Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
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Lu M, Lee Y, Lillehoj HS. Evolution of developmental and comparative immunology in poultry: The regulators and the regulated. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 138:104525. [PMID: 36058383 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Avian has a unique immune system that evolved in response to environmental pressures in all aspects of innate and adaptive immune responses, including localized and circulating lymphocytes, diversity of immunoglobulin repertoire, and various cytokines and chemokines. All of these attributes make birds an indispensable vertebrate model for studying the fundamental immunological concepts and comparative immunology. However, research on the immune system in birds lags far behind that of humans, mice, and other agricultural animal species, and limited immune tools have hindered the adequate application of birds as disease models for mammalian systems. An in-depth understanding of the avian immune system relies on the detailed studies of various regulated and regulatory mediators, such as cell surface antigens, cytokines, and chemokines. Here, we review current knowledge centered on the roles of avian cell surface antigens, cytokines, chemokines, and beyond. Moreover, we provide an update on recent progress in this rapidly developing field of study with respect to the availability of immune reagents that will facilitate the study of regulatory and regulated components of poultry immunity. The new information on avian immunity and available immune tools will benefit avian researchers and evolutionary biologists in conducting fundamental and applied research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingmin Lu
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
| | - Youngsub Lee
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
| | - Hyun S Lillehoj
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
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Matsushima K, Shichino S, Ueha S. Thirty-five years since the discovery of chemotactic cytokines, interleukin-8 and MCAF: A historical overview. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2023; 99:213-226. [PMID: 37518010 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.99.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a host defense response to various invading stimuli, but an excessive and persistent inflammatory response can cause tissue injury, which can lead to irreversible organ damage and dysfunction. Excessive inflammatory responses are believed to link to most human diseases. A specific type of leukocyte infiltration into invaded tissues is required for inflammation. Historically, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this process during inflammation were an enigma, compromising research in the fields of inflammation, immunology, and pathology. However, the pioneering discovery of chemotactic cytokines (chemokines), monocyte-derived neutrophil chemotactic factor (MDNCF; interleukin [IL]-8, CXCL8) and monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF; monocyte chemotactic factor 1 [MCP-1], CCL2) in the late 1980s finally enabled us to address this issue. In this review, we provide a historical overview of chemokine research over the last 35 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouji Matsushima
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammation and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Shigeyuki Shichino
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammation and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Satoshi Ueha
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammation and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
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Serum CCL2 Is a Prognostic Biomarker for Non-Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102369. [PMID: 36289628 PMCID: PMC9598117 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a useful prostate cancer (PC) biomarker, but some cases reported that PSA does not correlate with the Gleason score. Serum chemokine (CC motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) has been reported to be a potential complementary PSA biomarker, but it remains unclear whether it can be applied to non-metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (nmCSPC) or each section of the stages. Serum CCL2′s usefulness was investigated as a prognostic nmCSPC biomarker in this study. Methods: Serum samples were collected from 379 patients who underwent prostate biopsy at Kanazawa University Hospital from 2007 to 2013. A total of 230 patients with nmCSPC were included in this study of the 255 patients with histologically diagnosed prostate cancer. The serum CCL2 efficacy as a prognostic nmCSPC biomarker was investigated retrospectively. Results: An independent significant predictor of worse OS was CCL2 ≥ 280 pg/dL and CRP ≥ 0.5 mg/dL in multivariate analysis. Gleason score ≥ 8 and CCL2 ≥ 280 pg/dL were independent significant predictors of CRPC-free survival (CFS) worsening in multivariate analysis. Serum CCL2 was a predictive biomarker for OS and CFS in nmCSPC. Furthermore, CCL2 ≥ 280 pg/mL patients had significantly worse visceral metastasis-free survival than those with CCL2 < 280 pg/mL. Conclusion: This study is the first to demonstrate serum CCL2 utility as a biomarker to predict OS and CFS in nmCSPC.
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Iwamoto H, Izumi K, Nakagawa R, Toriumi R, Aoyama S, Shimada T, Kano H, Makino T, Kadomoto S, Yaegashi H, Kawaguchi S, Nohara T, Shigehara K, Kadono Y, Mizokami A. Usefulness of serum CCL2 as prognostic biomarker in prostate cancer: a long-term follow-up study. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2022; 52:1337-1344. [PMID: 35726158 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyac102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prostate-specific antigen is considered the most useful biomarker for prostate cancer, but not in all cases. In a previous study, we have shown that a risk classification combining prostate-specific antigen ≥100 ng/mL and chemokine (CC motif) ligand 2 ≥ 320 pg/mL can predict survivals. We investigated the long-term usefulness of serum chemokine (CC motif) ligand 2 as a complementary biomarker to prostate-specific antigen and developed a novel risk classification system. METHODS Serum samples were collected from 379 patients who underwent prostate biopsy at Kanazawa University Hospital between 2007 and 2013, and 255 patients with histologically diagnosed prostate cancer were included in this study. We retrospectively examined the efficacy of serum chemokine (CC motif) ligand 2 as a prognostic biomarker. RESULTS Patients with chemokine (CC motif) ligand 2 ≥ 320 pg/mL exhibited a significantly shorter overall survival, prostate cancer-specific survival and castration-resistant prostate cancer-free survival than those with chemokine (CC motif) ligand 2 < 320 pg/mL. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine whether chemokine (CC motif) ligand 2 was a useful prognostic factor. Independent significant predictors of worse overall survival were prostate-specific antigen ≥ 100 ng/mL, Gleason score ≥ 8 and chemokine (CC motif) ligand 2 ≥ 320 pg/dL. Prognostic predictors of prostate cancer-specific survival or cancer-free survival in multivariate analysis were prostate-specific antigen ≥ 100 ng/mL and Gleason score ≥ 8. A novel risk classification system was created to predict overall survival in patients based on the number of risk factors present (chemokine (CC motif) ligand 2 ≥ 320 pg/mL, prostate-specific antigen ≥ 100 ng/mL, Gleason score ≥ 8). Scores 2 or 3, 1 and 0 indicated Poor, Intermediate and Good risk groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the utility of serum chemokine (CC motif) ligand 2 level as a predictive biomarker of long-term overall survival in prostate cancer. A novel risk classification system that predicts long-term overall survival based on the combined indications of chemokine (CC motif) ligand 2 level, prostate-specific antigen level and Gleason score may be a useful prognostic tool for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Iwamoto
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kouji Izumi
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ryunosuke Nakagawa
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ren Toriumi
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shuhei Aoyama
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takafumi Shimada
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kano
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Makino
- Department of Urology, Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Suguru Kadomoto
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yaegashi
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shohei Kawaguchi
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nohara
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Shigehara
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Kadono
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Mizokami
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
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12
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Matsushima K, Yang D, Oppenheim JJ. Interleukin-8: An evolving chemokine. Cytokine 2022; 153:155828. [PMID: 35247648 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Early in the 1980s several laboratories mistakenly reported that partially purified interleukin-1 (IL-1) was chemotactic for neutrophils. However, further investigations by us, revealed that our purified IL-1 did not have neutrophil chemotactic activity and this activity in the LPS-stimulated human monocyte conditioned media could clearly be separated from IL-1 activity on HPLC gel filtration. This motivated Teizo Yoshimura and Kouji Matsushima to purify the monocyte-derived neutrophil chemotactic factor (MDNCF), present in LPS conditioned media and molecularly clone the cDNA for MDNCF. They found that MDNCF protein (later renamed IL-8, and finally termed CXCL8) is first translated as a precursor form consisting of 99 amino acid residues and the signal peptide is then removed, leading to the secretion and processing of biologically active IL-8 of 72 amino acid form (residues 28-99). There are four cysteine residues forming two disulfide linkage and 14 basic amino acid residues which result in a very basic property for the binding of IL-8 to heparan sulfate-proteoglycan. The IL-8 gene consists of 4 exons and 3 introns. IL-8 is produced by various types of cells in inflammation. The 5'-flanking region of IL-8 gene contains several nuclear factor binding sites, and NF-κB in combination with AP-1 or C/EBP synergistically activates IL-8 gene in response to IL-1 and TNFα. Two receptors exist for IL-8, CXCR1 and CXCR2 in humans, which belong to γ subfamily of GTP binding protein (G-protein) coupled rhodopsin-like 7 transmembrane domain receptors. Rodents express CXCR2 and do not produce IL-8, but produce numerous homologues instead. Once IL-8 binds to the receptor, β and γ subunits of G-protein are released from Gα (Gαi2 in neutrophils) and activate PI3Kγ, PLCβ2/β3, PLA2 and PLD. Gαi2 inhibits adenyl cyclase to decrease cAMP levels. Small GTPases Ras/Rac/Rho/cdc42/Rap1, PKC and AKT (PKB) exist down-stream of β and γ subunits and regulate cell adhesion, actin polymerization, membrane protrusion, and eventually cell migration. PLCβ activation generates IP3 and induces Ca++ mobilization, DAG generation to activate protein kinase C to lead granule exocytosis and respiratory burst. MDNCF was renamed interleukin 8 (IL-8) at the International Symposium on Novel Neutrophil Chemotactic Activating Polypeptides, London, UK in 1989. The discovery of IL-8 prompted us to also purify and molecularly clone the cDNA of MCAF/MCP-1 responsible for monocyte chemotaxis, and other groups to identify a large family of chemotactic cytokines capable of attracting other types of leukocytes. In 1992, most of the investigators contributing to the discovery of this new family of chemotactic cytokines gathered in Baden, Austria and agreed to name this family "chemokines" and subsequently established the CXCL/CCL and CXCR/CCR nomenclature. The discovery of chemokines resulted in solving the long-time enigma concerning the mechanism of cell type specific leukocyte infiltration into inflamed tissues and provided a molecular basis for immune and hematopoietic cell migration and interactions under physiological as well as pathological conditions. To our surprise based on its recently identified multifunctional activities, IL-8 has evolved from a neutrophil chemoattractant to a promising therapeutic target for a wide range of inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. IL-8 was initially characterized as a chemoattractant of neutrophils engaged in acute inflammation and then discovered to also be chemotactic for endothelial cells with a major role in angiogenesis. These two activities of IL-8 foster its stimulatory effect on tumor growth. This is abetted by recent additional discoveries showing that IL-8 has stimulatory effects on stem cells and can therefore directly promote the growth of receptor expressing cancer stem cells. IL-8 by interacting with bone marrow stem/progenitor cells has also the capacity to mobilize and release hematopoietic cells into the peripheral circulation. This includes the mobilization of neutrophilic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (N-MDSC) to infiltrate into tumors and thus further promotes the immune escape of tumors. Finally, the capacity of IL-8 to induce trans-differentiation of epithelial cancer cells into mesenchymal phenotype (EMT) increases the malignancy of tumors by promoting their metastatic spread and resistance to chemotherapeutics and cytotoxic immune cells. These observations have stimulated considerable current efforts to develop receptor antagonists for IL-8 and humanized anti-IL-8 antibody for the therapy of cancer, particularly in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouji Matsushima
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - De Yang
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Joost J Oppenheim
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
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13
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Barral TD, Rebouças MF, Loureiro D, Raynal JT, Sousa TJ, Moura-Costa LF, Azevedo V, Meyer R, Portela RW. Chemokine production induced by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in a murine model. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:1019-1027. [PMID: 35138630 PMCID: PMC9151972 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00694-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is the etiological agent of caseous lymphadenitis. The main clinical sign of this disease is the development of granulomas, especially in small ruminants; however, the pathways that are involved in the formation and maintenance of these granulomas are unknown. Cytokines and chemokines are responsible for the migration of immune cells to specific sites and tissues; therefore, it is possible that chemokines participate in abscess formation. This study aimed to evaluate the induction of chemokine production by two C. pseudotuberculosis strains in a murine model. A highly pathogenic (VD57) and an attenuated (T1) strain of C. pseudotuberculosis, as well as somatic and secreted antigens derived from these strains, was used to stimulate murine splenocytes. Then, the concentrations of the chemokines CCL-2, CCL-3, CCL-4, and CCL-5 and the cytokines IL-1 and TNF were measured in the culture supernatants. The VD57 strain had a higher ability to stimulate the production of chemokines when compared to T1 strain, especially in the early stages of stimulation, which can have an impact on granuloma formation. The T1 lysate antigen was able to stimulate most of the chemokines studied herein when compared to the other antigenic fractions of both strains. These results indicate that C. pseudotuberculosis is a chemokine production inducer, and the bacterial strains differ in their induction pattern, a situation that can be related to the specific behavior of each strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Doria Barral
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia State, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Miriam Flores Rebouças
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia State, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Dan Loureiro
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia State, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - José Tadeu Raynal
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia State, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Thiago Jesus Sousa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Lilia Ferreira Moura-Costa
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia State, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Roberto Meyer
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia State, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Wagner Portela
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia State, 40110-100, Brazil.
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14
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McKenna S, Giblin SP, Bunn RA, Xu Y, Matthews SJ, Pease JE. A highly efficient method for the production and purification of recombinant human CXCL8. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258270. [PMID: 34653205 PMCID: PMC8519433 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines play diverse and fundamental roles in the immune system and human disease, which has prompted their structural and functional characterisation. Production of recombinant chemokines that are folded and bioactive is vital to their study but is limited by the stringent requirements of a native N-terminus for receptor activation and correct disulphide bonding required to stabilise the chemokine fold. Even when expressed as fusion proteins, overexpression of chemokines in E. coli tends to result in the formation of inclusion bodies, generating the additional steps of solubilisation and refolding. Here we present a novel method for producing soluble chemokines in relatively large amounts via a simple two-step purification procedure with no requirements for refolding. CXCL8 produced by this method has the correct chemokine fold as determined by NMR spectroscopy and in chemotaxis assays was indistinguishable from commercially available chemokines. We believe that this protocol significantly streamlines the generation of recombinant chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie McKenna
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sean Patrick Giblin
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rosemarie Anne Bunn
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yingqi Xu
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - James Edward Pease
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Hervet C, Boullier J, Guiadeur M, Michel L, Brun-Lafleur L, Aupiais A, Zhu J, Mounaix B, Meurens F, Renois F, Assié S. Appeasing Pheromones against Bovine Respiratory Complex and Modulation of Immune Transcript Expressions. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061545. [PMID: 34070477 PMCID: PMC8229285 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease is still a major concern and has major economic impact. Another consequence of respiratory infections is the use of antimicrobial molecules to control bacterial pathogens. This can participate in the emergence and shedding of antimicrobial resistance that can threaten animal as well as human health. Appeasing pheromones with their capacity to reduce stress and thus their ability to preserve the functions of the immune system have been proposed to reduce the use of antimicrobial substances. In this study, we assessed the effect of appeasing pheromone administration on bovine health and performance during the fattening period. Zootechnical and health parameters and whole blood immune transcript expressions were measured over four weeks in bulls to determine the effect of the pheromone. We observed increased clinical signs on Day 8 (D8) and decreased clinical signs on D30 in bulls who received the pheromone and a higher expression of interleukin 8 transcripts in this group than in the control group on D8. Our results are overall in line with previous reports in livestock species. Further studies are needed to shed more light on the effect of appeasing pheromones and decipher their exact mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Hervet
- BIOEPAR, INRAE, Oniris, 44307 Nantes, France; (C.H.); (J.B.); (F.R.); (S.A.)
| | - Justine Boullier
- BIOEPAR, INRAE, Oniris, 44307 Nantes, France; (C.H.); (J.B.); (F.R.); (S.A.)
- Institut de l’Élevage, 14310 Villers-Bocage, France;
| | | | - Léa Michel
- TERRENA Innovation, La Noëlle, 20199 Ancenis, France;
| | | | - Anne Aupiais
- Institut de l’Élevage, 35652 Le Rheu, France; (L.B.-L.); (A.A.); (B.M.)
| | - Jianzhong Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Béatrice Mounaix
- Institut de l’Élevage, 35652 Le Rheu, France; (L.B.-L.); (A.A.); (B.M.)
| | - François Meurens
- BIOEPAR, INRAE, Oniris, 44307 Nantes, France; (C.H.); (J.B.); (F.R.); (S.A.)
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Saskatoon, SK S7N5E3, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-240-68-77-02
| | - Fanny Renois
- BIOEPAR, INRAE, Oniris, 44307 Nantes, France; (C.H.); (J.B.); (F.R.); (S.A.)
| | - Sébastien Assié
- BIOEPAR, INRAE, Oniris, 44307 Nantes, France; (C.H.); (J.B.); (F.R.); (S.A.)
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16
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Feng J, Han T, Zhang Y, Zhang B, Huang D, Wang T, Yang J. Molecular characterization and biological function of CXCR1 in Nocardia seriolae-infected largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Tissue Cell 2021; 72:101551. [PMID: 33932879 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-8 (IL-8, CXCL8), a pro-inflammatory chemokine secreted by a variety of cell types, plays a critical role in the development of various immune diseases. Interactions between IL-8 and its receptor CXC receptor 1/2 (CXCR1/2) are known to promote chemotaxis and phagocytosis in many immune responses. In this study, we report the molecular characteristics and pharmacological activity of CXCR1 (MsCXCR1) in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and evaluated the functional involvement of MsCXCR1 in individuals infected with the pathogen Nocardia seriolae. MsCXCR1 was cloned into the pEGFP-N1 plasmid and the subcellular localization of MsCXCR1 on the cell membrane was verified in MsCXCR1-EGFP-expressing HEK293 cells. Following observation of receptor internalization and intracellular signaling detection, we further determined the functional interaction of secreted interleukin-8 (LcIL-8, the ligand for CXCR1 in large yellow croaker) and MsCXCR1 was further determined, and the ERK phosphorylation signal activation mediated by MsCXCR1 was demonstrated. Quantitative real-time PCR assays were conducted to analyze the transcriptional distribution of MsCXCR1 in various tissues of healthy and diseased largemouth bass. These results illustrate the significant elevation of MsCXCR1 expression in the head kidney, spleen and liver of M. salmoides, suggesting that MsCXCR1 was involved in the immune response in N. seriolae-infected largemouth bass and potentially affects the digestive function of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqian Feng
- Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316022, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Han
- Department of Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuexing Zhang
- Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316022, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316022, People's Republic of China
| | - Dexiang Huang
- Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316022, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianming Wang
- Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Yang
- Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316022, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Murata S, Kaneko S, Morita E. Interleukin-8 Levels in the Stratum Corneum as a Biomarker for Monitoring Therapeutic Effect in Atopic Dermatitis Patients. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2021; 182:592-606. [PMID: 33486487 DOI: 10.1159/000512965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The stratum corneum contains several growth factors and cytokines that are synthesized in keratinocytes. We previously reported that the amount of interleukin-8 in the stratum corneum (scIL-8) is related to the severity of local skin inflammation in atopic dermatitis (AD). However, it is unknown whether scIL-8 levels reflect pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention in AD patients. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate whether the improvement of dermatitis in AD is correlated with scIL-8 levels before and after topical corticosteroid treatment. METHODS Stratum corneum samples were collected from 22 AD patients using the noninvasive tape-stripping method before treatment, 2 weeks after topical treatment, and 4-6 weeks after treatment. RESULTS scIL-8 levels on the forearm reduced significantly from 790 ± 348 pg/mg before treatment to 163 ± 68 pg/mg 2 weeks after treatment and 100 ± 37 pg/mg 4-6 weeks after corticosteroid treatment. scIL-8 levels on the abdomen also reduced significantly from 902 ± 391 to 142 ± 38 pg/mg at the end of study. The reduction in scIL-8 levels was associated with the improvement in local skin severity in AD. We also found that scIL-8 levels, along with blood biomarker levels (serum thymus and activation-regulated chemokine, lactate dehydrogenase, and %eosinophil), decreased significantly after the treatment. CONCLUSION The scIL-8 concentration decreases with improvements in skin symptoms in AD patients after topical corticosteroid treatment; thus, it may be a suitable biomarker for monitoring therapeutic effects in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Murata
- Department of Dermatology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan,
| | - Sakae Kaneko
- Department of Dermatology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Eishin Morita
- Department of Dermatology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
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18
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Abstract
Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare neutrophilic dermatosis that presents with rapidly developing, painful skin ulcers hallmarked by undermined borders and peripheral erythema. Epidemiological studies indicate that the average age of PG onset is in the mid-40s, with an incidence of a few cases per million person-years. PG is often associated with a variety of other immune-mediated diseases, most commonly inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis. The cause of PG is not well understood, but PG is generally considered an autoinflammatory disorder. Studies have focused on the role of T cells, especially at the wound margin; these cells may support the destructive autoinflammatory response by the innate immune system. PG is difficult to diagnose as several differential diagnoses are possible; in addition to clinical examination, laboratory tests of biopsied wound tissue are required for an accurate diagnosis, and new validated diagnostic criteria will facilitate the process. Treatment of PG typically starts with fast-acting immunosuppressive drugs (corticosteroids and/or cyclosporine) to reduce inflammation followed by the addition of more slowly acting immunosuppressive drugs with superior adverse event profiles, including biologics (in particular, anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) agents). Appropriate wound care is also essential. Future research should focus on PG-specific outcome measures and PG quality-of-life studies.
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Bhargava M, Viken KJ, Barkes B, Griffin TJ, Gillespie M, Jagtap PD, Sajulga R, Peterson EJ, Dincer HE, Li L, Restrepo CI, O'Connor BP, Fingerlin TE, Perlman DM, Maier LA. Novel protein pathways in development and progression of pulmonary sarcoidosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13282. [PMID: 32764642 PMCID: PMC7413390 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69281-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary involvement occurs in up to 95% of sarcoidosis cases. In this pilot study, we examine lung compartment-specific protein expression to identify pathways linked to development and progression of pulmonary sarcoidosis. We characterized bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells and fluid (BALF) proteins in recently diagnosed sarcoidosis cases. We identified 4,306 proteins in BAL cells, of which 272 proteins were differentially expressed in sarcoidosis compared to controls. These proteins map to novel pathways such as integrin-linked kinase and IL-8 signaling and previously implicated pathways in sarcoidosis, including phagosome maturation, clathrin-mediated endocytic signaling and redox balance. In the BALF, the differentially expressed proteins map to several pathways identified in the BAL cells. The differentially expressed BALF proteins also map to aryl hydrocarbon signaling, communication between innate and adaptive immune response, integrin, PTEN and phospholipase C signaling, serotonin and tryptophan metabolism, autophagy, and B cell receptor signaling. Additional pathways that were different between progressive and non-progressive sarcoidosis in the BALF included CD28 signaling and PFKFB4 signaling. Our studies demonstrate the power of contemporary proteomics to reveal novel mechanisms operational in sarcoidosis. Application of our workflows in well-phenotyped large cohorts maybe beneficial to identify biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis and therapeutically tenable molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maneesh Bhargava
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Minnesota, MMC 276, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - K J Viken
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Minnesota, MMC 276, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - B Barkes
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - T J Griffin
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - M Gillespie
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - P D Jagtap
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - R Sajulga
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - E J Peterson
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - H E Dincer
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Minnesota, MMC 276, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - L Li
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - C I Restrepo
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - B P O'Connor
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - T E Fingerlin
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - D M Perlman
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Minnesota, MMC 276, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - L A Maier
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
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20
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Brent JM, Tian Z, Yao L, Huang J, Markova DZ, Shofer FS, Brice AK, Qin L, Scanzello CR, Vitale F, Chen D, Zhang Y. Functional Deficits in Mice Expressing Human Interleukin 8. Comp Med 2020; 70:205-215. [PMID: 32312361 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-19-000049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We showed previously that inflammatory mediators, including IL8, in intervertebral disc tissues from patients with discogenic back pain may play a key role in back pain. To investigate the molecular mechanism of IL8 signaling in back pain, we generated a mouse model that conditionally expresses human (h) IL8. We hypothesized that hIL8 levels affect mouse activity and function. Briefly, hIL8 cDNA was inserted into the pCALL2 plasmid, linearized, and injected into mouse embryos. Resulting pCALL2-hIL8 mice were then bred with GDF5-Cre mice to express the transgene in cartilage and intervertebral disc (IVD) tissues. Functional capacities including nest-making and other natural behaviors were measured. Both male and female mice expressing hIL8 showed lower nesting scores than did littermates that did not express hIL8 (n = 14 to 16 per group). At 28 wk of age, mice expressing hIL8 (n = 35) spent more time immobile and eating during each night than littermate controls (n = 33). Furthermore, hIL8-expressing mice traveled shorter distances and at a lower average speed than littermate controls. Thus, in an initial effort to investigate the relationship between this chemokine and mouse behavior, we have documented changes in normal activities in mice conditionally expressing hIL8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Michelle Brent
- University Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;,
| | - Zuozhen Tian
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Lutian Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Department of Orthopaedics-Sports Medicine and Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dessislava Z Markova
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Frances S Shofer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Angela K Brice
- University Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Carla R Scanzello
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Department of Rheumatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Corporal Michael J Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Flavia Vitale
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Corporal Michael J Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yejia Zhang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Corporal Michael J Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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21
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van Loo PF, Hangalapura BN, Thordardottir S, Gibbins JD, Veninga H, Hendriks LJA, Kramer A, Roovers RC, Leenders M, de Kruif J, Doornbos RP, Sirulnik A, Throsby M, Logtenberg T, Dolstra H, Bakker ABH. MCLA-117, a CLEC12AxCD3 bispecific antibody targeting a leukaemic stem cell antigen, induces T cell-mediated AML blast lysis. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020; 19:721-733. [PMID: 31286786 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2019.1623200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective: We report the characterization of MCLA-117, a novel T cell-redirecting antibody for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) treatment targeting CD3 on T cells and CLEC12A on leukaemic cells. In AML, CLEC12A is expressed on blasts and leukaemic stem cells. Methods: The functional capacity of MCLA-117 to redirect resting T cells to eradicate CLEC12APOS tumor cells was studied using human samples, including primary AML samples. Results: Within the normal hematopoietic compartment, MCLA-117 binds to cells expressing CD3 and CLEC12A but not to early myeloid progenitors or hematopoietic stem cells. MCLA-117 induces T cell activation (EC50 = 44 ng/mL), T cell proliferation, mild pro-inflammatory cytokine release, and redirects T cells to lyse CLEC12APOS target cells (EC50 = 68 ng/mL). MCLA-117-induced targeting of normal CD34POS cells co-cultured with T cells spares erythrocyte and megakaryocyte differentiation as well as preserves mono-myelocytic lineage development. In primary AML patient samples with autologous T cells, MCLA-117 robustly induced AML blast killing (23-98%) at low effector-to-target ratios (1:3-1:97). Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that MCLA-117 efficiently redirects T cells to kill tumour cells while sparing the potential of the bone marrow to develop the full hematological compartment and support further clinical evaluation as a potentially potent treatment option for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Basav N Hangalapura
- b Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology , Radboud University Medical Center and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Soley Thordardottir
- b Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology , Radboud University Medical Center and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - John D Gibbins
- b Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology , Radboud University Medical Center and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Marij Leenders
- b Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology , Radboud University Medical Center and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Harry Dolstra
- b Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology , Radboud University Medical Center and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
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22
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Neuman MG, Seitz HK, French SW, Malnick S, Tsukamoto H, Cohen LB, Hoffman P, Tabakoff B, Fasullo M, Nagy LE, Tuma PL, Schnabl B, Mueller S, Groebner JL, Barbara FA, Yue J, Nikko A, Alejandro M, Brittany T, Edward V, Harrall K, Saba L, Mihai O. Alcoholic-Hepatitis, Links to Brain and Microbiome: Mechanisms, Clinical and Experimental Research. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E63. [PMID: 32197424 PMCID: PMC7148515 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8030063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The following review article presents clinical and experimental features of alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD). Basic aspects of alcohol metabolism leading to the development of liver hepatotoxicity are discussed. ALD includes fatty liver, acute alcoholic hepatitis with or without liver failure, alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) leading to fibrosis and cirrhosis, and hepatocellular cancer (HCC). ALD is fully attributable to alcohol consumption. However, only 10-20% of heavy drinkers (persons consuming more than 40 g of ethanol/day) develop clinical ALD. Moreover, there is a link between behaviour and environmental factors that determine the amount of alcohol misuse and their liver disease. The range of clinical presentation varies from reversible alcoholic hepatic steatosis to cirrhosis, hepatic failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. We aimed to (1) describe the clinico-pathology of ALD, (2) examine the role of immune responses in the development of alcoholic hepatitis (ASH), (3) propose diagnostic markers of ASH, (4) analyze the experimental models of ALD, (5) study the role of alcohol in changing the microbiota, and (6) articulate how findings in the liver and/or intestine influence the brain (and/or vice versa) on ASH; (7) identify pathways in alcohol-induced organ damage and (8) to target new innovative experimental concepts modeling the experimental approaches. The present review includes evidence recognizing the key toxic role of alcohol in ALD severity. Cytochrome p450 CYP2E1 activation may change the severity of ASH. The microbiota is a key element in immune responses, being an inducer of proinflammatory T helper 17 cells and regulatory T cells in the intestine. Alcohol consumption changes the intestinal microbiota and influences liver steatosis and liver inflammation. Knowing how to exploit the microbiome to modulate the immune system might lead to a new form of personalized medicine in ALF and ASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela G. Neuman
- In Vitro Drug Safety and Biotechnology, Toronto, ON M5G 1L5, Canada;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L5, Canada
| | - Helmut Karl Seitz
- Department of Medicine, Centre of Alcohol Research, University of Heidelberg, Salem Medical Centre, 337374 Heidelberg, Germany; (H.K.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Samuel W. French
- Department of Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles BioMedical Institute, Torrance, CA Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90509, USA; (S.W.F.); (F.A.B.); (J.Y.); (A.N.); (M.A.); (T.B.); (V.E.)
| | - Stephen Malnick
- Department Internal Medicine C, Kaplan Medical Centre and Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel;
| | - Heidekazu Tsukamoto
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis, Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-5311, USA;
- Department of Veterans; Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Lawrence B. Cohen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada;
| | - Paula Hoffman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045-0511, USA; (P.H.); (B.T.); (K.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Boris Tabakoff
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045-0511, USA; (P.H.); (B.T.); (K.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Michael Fasullo
- College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY 12205, USA;
| | - Laura E. Nagy
- Departments of Pathobiology and Gastroenterology, Center for Liver Disease Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
| | - Pamela L. Tuma
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA; (P.L.T.); (J.L.G.)
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Sebastian Mueller
- Department of Medicine, Centre of Alcohol Research, University of Heidelberg, Salem Medical Centre, 337374 Heidelberg, Germany; (H.K.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Jennifer L. Groebner
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA; (P.L.T.); (J.L.G.)
| | - French A. Barbara
- Department of Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles BioMedical Institute, Torrance, CA Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90509, USA; (S.W.F.); (F.A.B.); (J.Y.); (A.N.); (M.A.); (T.B.); (V.E.)
| | - Jia Yue
- Department of Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles BioMedical Institute, Torrance, CA Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90509, USA; (S.W.F.); (F.A.B.); (J.Y.); (A.N.); (M.A.); (T.B.); (V.E.)
| | - Afifiyan Nikko
- Department of Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles BioMedical Institute, Torrance, CA Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90509, USA; (S.W.F.); (F.A.B.); (J.Y.); (A.N.); (M.A.); (T.B.); (V.E.)
| | - Mendoza Alejandro
- Department of Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles BioMedical Institute, Torrance, CA Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90509, USA; (S.W.F.); (F.A.B.); (J.Y.); (A.N.); (M.A.); (T.B.); (V.E.)
| | - Tillman Brittany
- Department of Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles BioMedical Institute, Torrance, CA Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90509, USA; (S.W.F.); (F.A.B.); (J.Y.); (A.N.); (M.A.); (T.B.); (V.E.)
| | - Vitocruz Edward
- Department of Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles BioMedical Institute, Torrance, CA Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90509, USA; (S.W.F.); (F.A.B.); (J.Y.); (A.N.); (M.A.); (T.B.); (V.E.)
| | - Kylie Harrall
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045-0511, USA; (P.H.); (B.T.); (K.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Laura Saba
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045-0511, USA; (P.H.); (B.T.); (K.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Opris Mihai
- In Vitro Drug Safety and Biotechnology, Toronto, ON M5G 1L5, Canada;
- Department Family Medicine Clinic CAR, 010164 Bucharest, Romania
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23
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Dutta P, Sultana S, Dey R, Bishayi B. Regulation of Staphylococcus aureus-induced CXCR1 expression via inhibition of receptor mobilization and receptor shedding during dual receptor (TNFR1 and IL-1R) neutralization. Immunol Res 2020; 67:241-260. [PMID: 31290001 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-019-09083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Our earlier studies proposed a radically new idea suggesting interdependency between TNF-α/TNFR1 and IL-1β/IL-1R pathways in modulation of Staphylococcus aureus-induced CXCL8/CXCR1 axis. However, the effects of inhibition of cytokine receptor mobilization at intracellular level and surface TNFR1 and IL-1R shedding on S. aureus-induced CXCR1 expression have not been studied so far in peritoneal macrophages. This study aimed to investigate the role of inhibition of receptor mobilization from the intracellular pool (using brefeldin A) and surface receptor shedding (using TAPI-1) on CXCR1 expression during dual receptor (TNFR1 plus IL-1R) neutralization in peritoneal macrophages isolated from wild-type Swiss Albino mice. Release of superoxide anion, nitric oxide, and hydrogen peroxide was measured and cytokine production was done by ELISA. Expression of surface receptors (TNFR1, IL-1R, and CXCR1) and inflammatory mediators was studied by Western blot. It was observed that S. aureus-infected macrophages showed elevated ROS production, secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β, and CXCL8, along with increased expression of surface receptors (TNFR1, IL-1R, and CXCR1), and inflammatory markers (iNOS and COX-2) compared with control or treated groups (p < 0.05). However, prior treatment of macrophages with BFA or TAPI-1 in the presence of anti-TNFR1 antibody and IRAP during S. aureus infection showed significant reduction of all these parameters (p < 0.05). We can conclude that targeting of TNFR1 and IL-1R (with major focus on surface expression study) either through blockage of intracellular receptor trafficking pathway or via surface receptor shedding diminishes TNFR1/IL-1R interaction and consequently downregulates CXCR1 expression along with inflammatory signalling pathways during bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Dutta
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 APC Road, Calcutta, West Bengal, 700009, India
| | - Sahin Sultana
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 APC Road, Calcutta, West Bengal, 700009, India
| | - Rajen Dey
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 APC Road, Calcutta, West Bengal, 700009, India
| | - Biswadev Bishayi
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 APC Road, Calcutta, West Bengal, 700009, India.
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24
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The Paradoxical Role of Uric Acid in Osteoporosis. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092111. [PMID: 31491937 PMCID: PMC6769742 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of its high prevalence worldwide, osteoporosis is considered a serious public health concern. Many known risk factors for developing osteoporosis have been identified and are crucial if planning health care needs. Recently, an association between uric acid (UA) and bone fractures had been explored. Extracellular UA exhibits antioxidant properties by effectively scavenging free radicals in human plasma, but this benefit might be disturbed by the hydrophobic lipid layer of the cell membrane. In contrast, intracellular free oxygen radicals are produced during UA degradation, and superoxide is further enhanced by interacting with NADPH oxidase. This intracellular oxidative stress, together with inflammatory cytokines induced by UA, stimulates osteoclast bone resorption and inhibits osteoblast bone formation. UA also inhibits vitamin D production and thereby results in hyper-parathyroidism, which causes less UA excretion in the intestines and renal proximal tubules by inhibiting the urate transporter ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2). At normal or high levels, UA is associated with a reduction in bone mineral density and protects against bone fracture. However, in hyperuricemia or gout arthritis, UA increases bone fracture risk because oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines can increase bone resorption and decrease bone formation. Vitamin D deficiency, and consequent secondary hyperparathyroidism, can further increase bone resorption and aggravated bone loss in UA-induced osteoporosis.
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25
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Alnus Sibirica Extracts Suppress the Expression of Inflammatory Cytokines Induced by Lipopolysaccharides, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, and Interferon-γ in Human Dermal Fibroblasts. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24162883. [PMID: 31398908 PMCID: PMC6720580 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of Alnus sibirica (AS) extracts on cytokine expression induced by inflammatory stimulants were examined in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and RAW264.7 cells. The anti-oxidative effect and effect on cell viability of AS extracts were evaluated, and four extracts with the highest anti-oxidative effects were selected. HDFs and RAW264.7 cells were treated with inflammatory stimulants, and the expression of cytokines involved in acute (IL-6 and IL-10) and chronic (IL-18) inflammation, the initiation of the immune response (IL-33), and non-specific immune responses (IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α) were determined using a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. LPS increased the expression of all the cytokines, except for IL-18; however, AS extracts, particularly AS2 and AS4, reduced this increase, and TNF-α treatment markedly increased the expression of cytokines related to non-specific immune responses. IFN-γ treatment induced no significant changes, except for increased IL-33 expression in HDFs. AS extracts inhibited the increase in the expression of IL-33 and other cytokines in HDFs. Thus, the exposure of HDFs and RAW264.7 cells to inflammatory stimulants increased the expression of cytokines related to all the inflammatory processes. HDFs are involved not only in simple tissue regeneration but also in inflammatory reactions in the skin. AS2 and AS4 may offer effective therapy for related conditions.
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26
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Meyer PF, Savard M, Poirier J, Labonté A, Rosa-Neto P, Weitz TM, Town T, Breitner J. Bi-directional Association of Cerebrospinal Fluid Immune Markers with Stage of Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 63:577-590. [PMID: 29660934 PMCID: PMC5929310 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Immune mechanisms may be important in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Yet, studies comparing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma immune marker levels of healthy and demented individuals have yielded conflicting results. We analyzed CSF from 101 members of the parental history-positive PREVENT-AD cohort of healthy aging adults, and 237 participants without dementia from the initial cohort of the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI-1). Following recent practice, we used the biomarkers total-tau and amyloid-β1-42 to allocate participants from each study into four stages of AD pathogenesis: Stage 0 (no abnormality), Stage 1 (reduced amyloid-β1-42), Stage 2 (reduced amyloid-β1-42 and increased total-tau), or “Suspected Non-Alzheimer Pathology” (elevated total-tau only). Investigating the PREVENT-AD participants’ CSF assay results for 19 immune/inflammatory markers, we found six that showed a distinct bi-directional relationship with pathogenetic stage. Relative to Stage 0, these were diminished at Stage 1 but strongly increased at Stage 2. Among the ADNI participants (90 healthy controls and 147 with mild cognitive impairment), we found that 23 of 83 available CSF markers also showed this distinct pattern. These results support recent observations that immune activation may become apparent only after the onset of both amyloid and tau pathologies. Unexpectedly, they also suggest that immune marker activity may diminish along with earliest appearance of amyloid-β plaque pathology. These findings may explain discordant results from past studies, and suggest the importance of characterizing the extent of AD pathology when comparing clinical groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-François Meyer
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Center for Studies on the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease (StoP-AD), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Melissa Savard
- Center for Studies on the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease (StoP-AD), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada.,McGill Centre for Studies in Aging and Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Judes Poirier
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Center for Studies on the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease (StoP-AD), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Douglas Mental Health University Institute Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Anne Labonté
- Center for Studies on the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease (StoP-AD), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Douglas Mental Health University Institute Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Center for Studies on the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease (StoP-AD), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Douglas Mental Health University Institute Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada.,McGill Centre for Studies in Aging and Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Tara M Weitz
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Terrence Town
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John Breitner
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Center for Studies on the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease (StoP-AD), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Douglas Mental Health University Institute Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada.,McGill Centre for Studies in Aging and Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
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27
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Fanucchi S, Fok ET, Dalla E, Shibayama Y, Börner K, Chang EY, Stoychev S, Imakaev M, Grimm D, Wang KC, Li G, Sung WK, Mhlanga MM. Immune genes are primed for robust transcription by proximal long noncoding RNAs located in nuclear compartments. Nat Genet 2018; 51:138-150. [PMID: 30531872 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-018-0298-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4me3) on immune-related gene promoters underlies robust transcription during trained immunity. However, the molecular basis for this remains unknown. Here we show three-dimensional chromatin topology enables immune genes to engage in chromosomal contacts with a subset of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) we have defined as immune gene-priming lncRNAs (IPLs). We show that the prototypical IPL, UMLILO, acts in cis to direct the WD repeat-containing protein 5 (WDR5)-mixed lineage leukemia protein 1 (MLL1) complex across the chemokine promoters, facilitating their H3K4me3 epigenetic priming. This mechanism is shared amongst several trained immune genes. Training mediated by β-glucan epigenetically reprograms immune genes by upregulating IPLs in manner dependent on nuclear factor of activated T cells. The murine chemokine topologically associating domain lacks an IPL, and the Cxcl genes are not trained. Strikingly, the insertion of UMLILO into the chemokine topologically associating domain in mouse macrophages resulted in training of Cxcl genes. This provides strong evidence that lncRNA-mediated regulation is central to the establishment of trained immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Fanucchi
- Gene Expression and Biophysics Group, Division of Chemical, Systems and Synthetic Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,BTRI, CSIR Biosciences, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ezio T Fok
- Gene Expression and Biophysics Group, Division of Chemical, Systems and Synthetic Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,BTRI, CSIR Biosciences, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Emiliano Dalla
- Gene Expression and Biophysics Group, Division of Chemical, Systems and Synthetic Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Youtaro Shibayama
- Gene Expression and Biophysics Group, Division of Chemical, Systems and Synthetic Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kathleen Börner
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology, BioQuant Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Partner Site, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Erin Y Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stoyan Stoychev
- Biomedical Technologies Group, CSIR Biosciences, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Maxim Imakaev
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dirk Grimm
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology, BioQuant Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Partner Site, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Heidelberg, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence CellNetworks, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kevin C Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Guoliang Li
- College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wing-Kin Sung
- School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Musa M Mhlanga
- Gene Expression and Biophysics Group, Division of Chemical, Systems and Synthetic Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. .,Gene Expression and Biophysics Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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28
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Reynolds CJ, Quigley K, Cheng X, Suresh A, Tahir S, Ahmed-Jushuf F, Nawab K, Choy K, Walker SA, Mathie SA, Sim M, Stowell J, Manji J, Pollard T, Altmann DM, Boyton RJ. Lung Defense through IL-8 Carries a Cost of Chronic Lung Remodeling and Impaired Function. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 59:557-571. [PMID: 29894204 PMCID: PMC6236688 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0007oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-8-dependent inflammation is a hallmark of host lung innate immunity to bacterial pathogens, yet in many human lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchiectasis, and pulmonary fibrosis, there are progressive, irreversible, pathological changes associated with elevated levels of IL-8 in the lung. To better understand the duality of IL-8-dependent host immunity to bacterial infection and lung pathology, we expressed human IL-8 transgenically in murine bronchial epithelium, and investigated the impact of overexpression on lung bacterial clearance, host immunity, and lung pathology and function. Persistent IL-8 expression in bronchial epithelium resulted in neutrophilia, neutrophil maturation and activation, and chemotaxis. There was enhanced protection against challenge with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and significant changes in baseline expression of innate and adaptive immunity transcripts for Ccl5, Tlr6, IL-2, and Tlr1. There was increased expression of Tbet and Foxp3 in response to the Pseudomonas antigen OprF, indicating a regulatory T-cell phenotype. However, this enhanced bacterial immunity came at a high price of progressive lung remodeling, with increased inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, and fibrosis. There was increased expression of Ccl3 and reduced expression of Claudin 18 and F11r, with damage to epithelial organization leading to leaky tight junctions, all of which resulted in impaired lung function with reduced compliance, increased resistance, and bronchial hyperreactivity as measured by whole-body plethysmography. These results show that IL-8 overexpression in the bronchial epithelium benefits lung immunity to bacterial infection, but specifically drives lung damage through persistent inflammation, lung remodeling, and damaged tight junctions, leading to impaired lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J. Reynolds
- Lung Immunology Group, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Kathryn Quigley
- Lung Immunology Group, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Xiaoming Cheng
- Lung Immunology Group, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Apurva Suresh
- Lung Immunology Group, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sundas Tahir
- Lung Immunology Group, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fiyyaz Ahmed-Jushuf
- Lung Immunology Group, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Khizr Nawab
- Lung Immunology Group, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Choy
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom; and
| | | | - Sara A. Mathie
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Malcolm Sim
- Lung Immunology Group, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Janet Stowell
- Lung Immunology Group, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jiten Manji
- Lung Immunology Group, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tracey Pollard
- Lung Immunology Group, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel M. Altmann
- Lung Immunology Group, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rosemary J. Boyton
- Lung Immunology Group, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom; and
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Myokines as Possible Therapeutic Targets in Cancer Cachexia. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:8260742. [PMID: 30426026 PMCID: PMC6217752 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8260742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is an extremely serious syndrome which occurs in most patients with different cancers, and it is characterized by systemic inflammation, a negative protein and energy balance, and involuntary loss of body mass. This syndrome has a dramatic impact on the patient's quality of life, and it is also associated with a low response to chemotherapy leading to a decrease in survival. Despite this, cachexia is still underestimated and often untreated. New research is needed in this area to understand this complex phenomenon and ultimately find treatment methods and therapeutic targets. The skeletal muscle can act as an endocrine organ. Signaling between muscles and other systems is done through myokines, cytokines, and proteins produced and released by myocytes. In this review, we would like to draw attention to some of the most important myokines that could have potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets: myostatin, irisin, myonectin, decorin, fibroblast growth factor 21, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and interleukin-15.
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Melo-Gonzalez F, Fenton TM, Forss C, Smedley C, Goenka A, MacDonald AS, Thornton DJ, Travis MA. Intestinal mucin activates human dendritic cells and IL-8 production in a glycan-specific manner. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:8543-8553. [PMID: 29581231 PMCID: PMC5986209 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.789305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cross-talk between different components of the intestinal barrier and the immune system may be important in maintaining gut homeostasis. A crucial part of the gut barrier is the mucus layer, a cross-linked gel on top of the intestinal epithelium that consists predominantly of the mucin glycoprotein MUC2. However, whether the mucin layer actively regulates intestinal immune cell responses is not clear. Because recent evidence suggests that intestinal dendritic cells (DCs) may be regulated by the mucus layer, we purified intestinal mucin, incubated it with human DCs, and determined the functional effects. Here we show that expression of the chemokine IL-8 and co-stimulatory DC markers CD86 and CD83 are significantly up-regulated on human DCs in the presence of intestinal mucins. Additionally, mucin-exposed DCs promoted neutrophil migration in an IL-8–dependent manner. The stimulatory effects of mucins on DCs were not due to mucin sample contaminants such as lipopolysaccharide, DNA, or contaminant proteins. Instead, mucin glycans are important for the pro-inflammatory effects on DCs. Thus, intestinal mucins are capable of inducing important pro-inflammatory functions in DCs, which could be important in driving inflammatory responses upon intestinal barrier damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Melo-Gonzalez
- From the Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research.,the Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, and.,the Manchester Immunology Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas M Fenton
- From the Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research.,the Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, and.,the Manchester Immunology Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Cecilia Forss
- From the Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research.,the Manchester Immunology Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Smedley
- From the Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research.,the Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, and.,the Manchester Immunology Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Anu Goenka
- From the Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research.,the Manchester Immunology Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- From the Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research.,the Manchester Immunology Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - David J Thornton
- the Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, and .,the Manchester Immunology Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A Travis
- From the Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, .,the Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, and.,the Manchester Immunology Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, United Kingdom
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31
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French BM, Sendil S, Sepuru KM, Ranek J, Burdorf L, Harris D, Redding E, Cheng X, Laird C, Zhao Y, Cerel B, Rajarathnam K, Pierson RN, Azimzadeh AM. Interleukin-8 mediates neutrophil-endothelial interactions in pig-to-human xenogeneic models. Xenotransplantation 2018; 25:e12385. [PMID: 29427404 PMCID: PMC5899681 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human neutrophils are sequestered by pig lung xenografts within minutes during ex vivo perfusion. This phenomenon is not prevented by pig genetic modifications that remove xeno-antigens or added human regulatory molecules intended to down-regulate activation of complement and coagulation pathways. This study investigated whether recipient and donor interleukin-8 (IL-8), a chemokine known to attract and activate neutrophils during inflammation, is elaborated in the context of xenogeneic injury, and whether human or pig IL-8 promote the adhesion of human neutrophils in in vitro xenograft models. METHODS Plasma levels of pig, human or non-human primate (NHP) IL-8 from ex vivo pig lung perfusion experiments (n = 10) and in vivo pig-to-baboon lung transplantation in baboons (n = 22) were analysed by ELISA or Luminex. Human neutrophils stimulated with human or pig IL-8 were analysed for CD11b expression, CD18 activation, oxidative burst and adhesion to resting or TNF-activated endothelial cells (EC) evaluated under static and flow (Bioflux) conditions. For some experiments, human neutrophils were incubated with Reparixin (IL-8/CXCL8 receptor blocker) and then analysed as in the in vitro experiments mentioned above. RESULTS Plasma levels of pig IL-8 (~6113 pg/mL) increased more than human (~1235 pg/mL) between one and four hours after initiation of ex vivo lung perfusion. However, pig IL-8 levels remained consistently low (<60 pg/mL) and NHP IL-8 plasma levels increased by ~2000 pg/mL after four hours in a pig-to-baboon lung xenotransplantation. In vitro, human neutrophils' CD11b expression, CD18 activation and oxidative burst all increased in a dose-dependent manner following exposure to either pig or human IL-8, which also were associated with increased adhesion to EC in both static and flow conditions. Reparixin inhibited human neutrophil activation by both pig and human IL-8 in a dose-dependent fashion. At 0.1 mg/mL, Reparixin inhibited the adhesion of IL-8-activated human neutrophils to pAECs by 84 ± 2.5%. CONCLUSIONS Pig IL-8 increased in an ex vivo model of pig-to-human lung xenotransplantation but is not detected in vivo, whereas human or NHP IL-8 is elevated to a similar degree in both models. Both pig and human IL-8 activate human neutrophils and increase their adhesion to pig aortic ECs, a process significantly inhibited by the addition of Reparixin to human neutrophils. This work implicates IL-8, whether of pig or human origin, as a possible factor mediating in lung xenograft inflammation and injury and supports the evaluation of therapeutic targeting of this pathway in the context of xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth M. French
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and VAMC Baltimore, MD
| | - Selin Sendil
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and VAMC Baltimore, MD
| | - Krishna Mohan Sepuru
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Jolene Ranek
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and VAMC Baltimore, MD
| | - Lars Burdorf
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and VAMC Baltimore, MD
| | - Donald Harris
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and VAMC Baltimore, MD
| | - Emily Redding
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and VAMC Baltimore, MD
| | - Xiangfei Cheng
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and VAMC Baltimore, MD
| | - Christopher Laird
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and VAMC Baltimore, MD
| | - Yuming Zhao
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and VAMC Baltimore, MD
| | - Benjamin Cerel
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and VAMC Baltimore, MD
| | - Krishna Rajarathnam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Richard N Pierson
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and VAMC Baltimore, MD
| | - Agnes M. Azimzadeh
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and VAMC Baltimore, MD
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Bishayi B, Adhikary R, Sultana S, Dey R, Nandi A. Altered expression of CXCR1 (IL-8R) in macrophages utilizing cell surface TNFR1 and IL-1 receptor during Staphylococcus aureus infection. Microb Pathog 2017; 113:460-471. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Ulrich-Merzenich G, Hartbrod F, Kelber O, Müller J, Koptina A, Zeitler H. Salicylate-based phytopharmaceuticals induce adaptive cytokine and chemokine network responses in human fibroblast cultures. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 34:202-211. [PMID: 28899503 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokines and chemokines (CC) play a central role in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. Neutralising antibodies for single proinflammatory cytokines have developed into a powerful, though expensive and not always curative therapeutic strategy for severe diseases. Considering the redundancy of CC functions, network (N) rather than single target approaches are essential. Phytopharmaceuticals, common adjuvant therapies, are known modulators of a broad spectrum of CCs, but as complex mixtures with multiple targets they have not been systematically investigated. We investigated the effect of clinically established salicylate-based phytopharmaceuticals alone or in combination on CCNs under non-inflammatory and inflammatory conditions, using fibroblasts being a major source of cytokines in connective tissue diseases. METHODS Synchronised human skin fibroblasts (HSKF) were treated for 6 h with standardised fluid plant extracts (E) of Populus tremula L. [end concentration: 0.06%, 0.1%], Solidago virgaurea L. [0.02%, 0.1%], Fraxinus excelsior L. [0.02%, 0.1%], an established combination of the three extracts-STW1 [0.05, 0.1%] and acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) [30 µg/ml], individually or in the presence of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) [10 µg/ml]. Cell lysates were profiled for 23 cytokines. Supernatants were investigated for IL-6 and IL-8 release (ELISA). Total RNA was isolated for gene-expression profiling. RESULTS Under non-inflammatory conditions P. tremula E and ASA increased cellular proteins (P) IL-8 and IL-10; S. virgaurea E modulated IL-1α, IL-10, IL-15 and Groα (P). F. excelsior decreased IL-1α and IL-15 (P). The combination of the three extracts (STW1) modulated IL-1α, IL-3 and TNF-ß (P). LPS stimulation increased cellular IL-8, Groα, MCP-1 and RANTES (P) and increased the secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 into the medium. Under these inflammatory conditions F. excelsior reduced GMCSF, GCSF and RANTES. STW1 reduced IL-1α, IL-8, Groα, and MCP-1(P). Secretion of IL-8 and IL-6 was reduced by STW1 and ASA. Gene expression profiles supported non-additive CCN profiles. CONCLUSION Salicylate based phytopharmaceuticals provoke cellular pro-and anti-inflammatory CCN responses under non-stress conditions, which adapt to anti-inflammatory responses after LPS-stimulation. CCN-profiles of the single extracts are not additives in combination. A simultaneous activation of cellular pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines might heighten the immunological reactivity status of a cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudrun Ulrich-Merzenich
- Medical Clinic III, University Clinic Centre, Friedrich Wilhelms-University Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Frederik Hartbrod
- Medical Clinic III, University Clinic Centre, Friedrich Wilhelms-University Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Olaf Kelber
- Innovation and Development, Phytomedicine Supply and Development Centre, Bayer Consumer Health Care, Steigerwald Arzneimittel GmbH, Havelstraße 5, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jürgen Müller
- Innovation and Development, Phytomedicine Supply and Development Centre, Bayer Consumer Health Care, Steigerwald Arzneimittel GmbH, Havelstraße 5, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Anna Koptina
- Medical Clinic III, University Clinic Centre, Friedrich Wilhelms-University Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Volga State University of Technology, Ploshchad Lenina 3, Yoshkar-Ola, Republic of Mari El, 424000, Russian Federation
| | - Heike Zeitler
- Medical Clinic I, University Clinic Centre, Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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The role of the IL-8 signaling pathway in the infiltration of granulocytes into the livers of patients with alcoholic hepatitis. Exp Mol Pathol 2017; 103:137-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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35
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He JY, Cui HJ, Tang LJ, Chen J, Huang WM. Inhibition of pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor attenuates inflammation induced by hyperoxia in EA.hy926 cells. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:859-866. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Bishayi B, Nandi A, Dey R, Adhikary R. Expression of CXCR1 (IL-8 receptor A) in splenic, peritoneal macrophages and resident bone marrow cells after acute live or heat killed Staphylococcus aureus stimulation in mice. Microb Pathog 2017; 109:131-150. [PMID: 28552636 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Literature reveals that interaction with live Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) or heat killed S. aureus (HKSA) promotes secretion of CXCL-8 or interleukin-8 (IL-8) from leukocytes, however, the expressions of CXCR1 in murine splenic (SPM), peritoneal macrophages (PM) and resident fresh bone marrow cells (FBMC) have not been identified. Currently, very few studies are available on the functional characterization of CXCR1 in mouse macrophage subtypes and its modulation in relation to acute S. aureus infection. SPM, PM and FBMCs were infected with viable S. aureus or stimulated with HKSA in presence and absence of anti-CXCR1 antibody in this study. We reported here that CXCR1 was not constitutively expressed by macrophage subtypes and the receptor was induced only after S. aureus stimulation. The CXCR1 band was found specific as we compared with human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) as a positive control (data not shown). Although, we did not show that secreted IL-8 from S. aureus-infected macrophages promotes migration of PMNs. Blocking of cell surface CXCR1 decreases the macrophage's ability to clear staphylococcal infection, attenuates proinflammatory cytokine production and the increased catalase and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes of the bacteria might indicate their role in scavenging macrophage derived hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The decreased levels of cytokines due to CXCR1 blockade before S. aureus infection appear to regulate the killing of bacteria by destroying H2O2 and nitric oxide (NO). Moreover, functional importance of macrophage subpopulation heterogeneity might be important in designing new effective approaches to limit S. aureus infection induced inflammation and cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswadev Bishayi
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 APC Road, Calcutta 700009, West Bengal, India.
| | - Ajeya Nandi
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 APC Road, Calcutta 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Rajen Dey
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 APC Road, Calcutta 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Rana Adhikary
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 APC Road, Calcutta 700009, West Bengal, India
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Gopal A, Chidambaram IS, Devaraj N, Devaraj H. Shigella dysenteriae infection activates proinflammatory response through β-catenin/NF-κB signaling pathway. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174943. [PMID: 28430783 PMCID: PMC5400225 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Shigella dysenteriae (S.dysenteriae) the causative agent of bacillary dysentery invades the human colonic epithelium resulting in severe intestinal inflammatory response and epithelial destruction. However, the mechanism by which S.dysenteriae infection regulates proinflammatory cytokines during intestinal inflammation is still obscure. In this study, we evaluated whether the interaction of β-catenin and NF-κB regulates proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-8 by modulating GSK-3β activity during S.dysenteriae infection in rat ileal loop model. Here we demonstrated that S.dysenteriae infection stimulate β-catenin degradation which in turn decreased the association between NF-κB and β-catenin. Also, we showed that S.dysenteriae infection increased GSK-3β kinase activity which in turn phosphorylates β-catenin for its degradation by ubiquitination and upregulates IL-8 through NF-κB activation thereby leading to inflammation. Thus these findings revealed the role of β-catenin/ NF-κB and GSK-3β in modulating the inflammatory response during bacterial infection and also showed that β-catenin acts as a critical regulator of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashidha Gopal
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Iyer Soumya Chidambaram
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Niranjali Devaraj
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Halagowder Devaraj
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
- * E-mail:
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Haga Y, Kanda T, Nakamoto S, Nakamura M, Sasaki R, Wu S, Yokosuka O. Interferon induces interleukin 8 and bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 expression, inhibiting the production of hepatitis B virus surface antigen from human hepatocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 486:858-863. [PMID: 28363866 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.03.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) loss is one of the treatment goals of chronic HBV infection. Bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST2) is one of the interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISGs) and inhibits the release of various enveloped viruses. Here we examined the effects of antiviral treatment on HBsAg levels and its intracellular mechanism in HBsAg-producing hepatocytes. In PLC/PRF/5 and Huh1, IFNα-2a treatment decreased HBsAg levels in their conditioned media. Upregulation of interleukin 8 (IL8), toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP10) mRNAs was associated with the reduction of HBsAg in both PLC/PRF/5 and Huh1. The HBsAg level was upregulated by knockdown of IL8, TLR2 or IP10. Exogenous addition of IL8 enhanced BST2 promoter activity and BST2 mRNA expression. Additionally, knockdown of IL8 could lead to the downregulation of BST2 mRNA. Transfection of poly(I-C) enhanced IL8 and BST2 mRNA expression and inhibited HBsAg secretion from PLC/PRF/5 cells. In conclusion, IL8 might play an important role in the enhancement of BST2 and be involved in HBsAg eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Haga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Shingo Nakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; Department of Molecular Virology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Masato Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Reina Sasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Osamu Yokosuka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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Izumi K, Mizokami A, Lin HP, Ho HM, Iwamoto H, Maolake A, Natsagdorj A, Kitagawa Y, Kadono Y, Miyamoto H, Huang CK, Namiki M, Lin WJ. Serum chemokine (CC motif) ligand 2 level as a diagnostic, predictive, and prognostic biomarker for prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:8389-98. [PMID: 26701731 PMCID: PMC4885000 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is regarded as the most sensitive biomarker for prostate cancer. Although androgen/androgen receptor (AR) signaling promotes prostate cancer progression, suppression of AR signaling induces chemokine (CC motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), which enables prostate cancer cells to gain metastatic potential. AR-controlled PSA alone may be an unreliable biomarker for patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy. Therefore, we investigated the validity of CCL2 as a complementary biomarker to PSA for prostate cancer. Our in vitro approach of enriching for prostate cancer cells with higher migration potential showed that CCL2 activated cellular migration. Importantly, we found that CCL2 levels were significantly different between men (n = 379) with and without prostate cancer. Patients with CCL2 ≥ 320 pg/mL had worse overall survival and prostate cancer -specific survival than those with CCL2 < 320 pg/mL. A novel risk classification was developed according to the risk factors CCL2 ≥ 320 pg/mL and PSA ≥ 100 ng/mL, and scores of 2, 1, and 0 were defined as poor, intermediate, and good risk, respectively, and clearly distinguished patient outcomes. CCL2 may serve as a novel biomarker for prostate cancer. The novel risk classification based on combining CCL2 and PSA is more reliable than using either alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouji Izumi
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Mizokami
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hsiu-Ping Lin
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Min Ho
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Hiroaki Iwamoto
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Aerken Maolake
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ariunbold Natsagdorj
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Kitagawa
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Kadono
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyamoto
- Departments of Pathology and Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chiung-Kuei Huang
- Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Mikio Namiki
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Wen-Jye Lin
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
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Dudley DJ, Collmer D, Mitchell MD, Trautman MS. Inflammatory Cytokine mRNA in Human Gestational Tissues: Implications for Term and Preterm Labor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/107155769600300606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michael S. Trautman
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Keelan JA, Sato TA, Gupta DK, Marvin KW, Mitchell MD. Prostanoid Stimulation of Cytokine Production in an Amnion-Derived Cell Line: Evidence of a Feed-Forward Mechanism With Implications for Term and Preterm Labor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/107155760000700106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A. Keelan
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Auckland,
| | | | | | | | - Murray D. Mitchell
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland School of Medicine, Auckland, New Zeland
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Tamai R, Sugawara S, Takeuchi O, Akira S, Takada H. Synergistic effects of lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ in inducing interleukin-8 production in human monocytic THP-1 cells is accompanied by up-regulation of CD14, Toll-like receptor 4, MD-2 and MyD88 expression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/09680519030090030201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon (IFN)-γ synergistically induced interleukin-8 (IL-8) production in human monocytic THP-1 cells. IFN-γ-primed THP-1 cells produced higher levels of IL-8 on stimulation with LPS than non-primed cells and the level correlated with duration of priming up to 24 h, although the level of IL-8 induced was most comparable to that induced by co-stimulation with LPS and IFN-γ . Unstimulated THP-1 cells were shown by flow cytometry to be practically devoid of membrane CD14 (mCD14). LPS and IFN-γ enhanced mCD14 and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 expression in THP-1 cells, respectively, and co-stimulation with LPS and IFN-γ induced higher levels of mCD14 and TLR4 expression than stimulation with either agent alone. LPS and IFN-γ alone each augmented MD-2 and MyD88 mRNA expression in THP-1 cells, and co-stimulation with LPS and IFN-γ markedly enhanced MD-2 and MyD88 mRNA expression in the cells compared to those with either LPS or IFN-γ alone. Anti-CD 14 and anti-TLR4 monoclonal antibodies almost completely inhibited IL-8 production induced by LPS plus IFN-γ in THP-1 cells. These findings suggest that combined stimulation of THP-1 cells with LPS and IFN-γ up-regulate mCD14, TLR4, MD-2 and MyD88 expression by these cells, which might be involved in synergistic IL-8 production by the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyoko Tamai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shunji Sugawara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Osamu Takeuchi
- Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Takada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan,
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43
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Hisamoto S, Shimoda S, Harada K, Iwasaka S, Onohara S, Chong Y, Nakamura M, Bekki Y, Yoshizumi T, Ikegami T, Maehara Y, He XS, Gershwin ME, Akashi K. Hydrophobic bile acids suppress expression of AE2 in biliary epithelial cells and induce bile duct inflammation in primary biliary cholangitis. J Autoimmun 2016; 75:150-160. [PMID: 27592379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of chronic inflammation in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is essential for successful treatment. Earlier work has demonstrated that patients with PBC have reduced expression of the anion exchanger 2 (AE2) on biliary epithelial cells (BEC) and deletion of AE2 gene has led to a PBC-like disorder in mice. To directly address the role of AE2 in preventing PBC pathogenesis, we took advantage of our ability to isolate human BEC and autologous splenic mononuclear cells (SMC). We studied the influence of hydrophobic bile acids, in particular, glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDC), on AE2 expression in BEC and the subsequent impact on the phenotypes of BEC and local inflammatory responses. We demonstrate herein that GCDC reduces AE2 expression in BEC through induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which enhances senescence of BEC. In addition, a reduction of AE2 levels by either GCDC or another AE2 inhibitor upregulates expression of CD40 and HLA-DR as well as production of IL-6, IL-8 and CXCL10 from BEC in response to toll like receptor ligands, an effect suppressed by inhibition of ROS. Importantly, reduced AE2 expression enhances the migration of autologous splenic mononuclear cells (SMC) towards BEC. In conclusion, our data highlight a key functional role of AE2 in the maintenance of the normal physiology of BEC and the pathogenic consequences of reduced AE2 expression, including abnormal intrinsic characteristics of BEC and their production of signal molecules that lead to the chronic inflammatory responses in small bile ducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Hisamoto
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Shinji Shimoda
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Kenichi Harada
- Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan.
| | - Sho Iwasaka
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Shinya Onohara
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Yong Chong
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Minoru Nakamura
- Clinical Research Center in National Hospital Organization (NHO), Nagasaki Medical Center and Department of Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Omura, Japan.
| | - Yuki Bekki
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Tomoharu Yoshizumi
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Toru Ikegami
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiko Maehara
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Xiao-Song He
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Koichi Akashi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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44
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Frydas S, Papaioannou N, Papazahariadou M, Hatzistilianou M, Karagouni E, Trakatelli M, Brellou G, Petrarca C, Castellani ML, Conti P, Riccioni G, Patruno A, Grilli A. Inhibition of MCP-1 and MIP-2 Chemokines in Murine Trichinellosis: Effect of the Anti-Inflammatory Compound L-Mimosine. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 18:85-94. [PMID: 15698514 DOI: 10.1177/039463200501800110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mimosine, is a plant amino-acid which has been reported to block DNA replication in mammalian cells and to arrest cells reversibly towards the end of the G1 phase or at the beginning of the S phase. In this study, 42 mice were infected with T. spiralis, a nematode parasite, and treated with the anti-inflammatory compound L-mimosine, to determine if any alteration in the chronic inflammatory state occurred, by investigating the host's immunological response. MCP-1, a C-C chemokine and MIP-2, a C-X-C chemokine were tested and measured in the sera of infected animals, after 1, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 days postinfection, by ELISA method. The diaphragm/muscle and the masseters of the infected mice, were tested for inflammatory response. We found that MCP-1 was partially inhibited by L-mimosine, while MIP-2 was totally inhibited. Moreover, in sections of the diaphragm and masseters, the infiltration of inflammatory cells such as macrophages, lymphocytes and eosinophils were more intense in untreated animals compared to those treated with L-mimosine. These findings show, that L-mimosine may have an inhibitory effect on MCP-1 and MIP-2 serum levels in Trichinellosis and may influence the recruitment of inflammatory cells and the intensity of the inflammatory reaction in this parasitic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Frydas
- Parasitology Dept. Veterinary Faculty, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
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45
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Iani FCDM, Caldas S, Duarte MM, Cury ALF, Cecílio AB, Costa PAC, Antonelli LR, Gollob KJ. Dengue Patients with Early Hemorrhagic Manifestations Lose Coordinate Expression of the Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine IL-10 with the Inflammatory Cytokines IL-6 and IL-8. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2016; 95:193-200. [PMID: 27139443 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is responsible for a wide range of clinical manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic infections to severe cases. The alteration of cytokine levels correlated with clinical characteristics can help determine prognostic markers of the disease and the identification of targets for immunotherapy. We measured the viral load, serotype, and cytokine levels of 212 serum samples from patients with acute dengue infection during days 1-4 after the onset of symptoms. The patients were classified as either with hemorrhagic manifestations (HM) or with no hemorrhagic manifestations (NHM). The cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and IL-10 were increased (P < 0.05) in the dengue virus+ group, compared with the control group. A higher viral load (P < 0.05) and IL-6 was detected in the HM group compared with the NHM group. Interestingly, the NHM group demonstrated a significant positive correlation between inflammatory (IL-6 and 8) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines, whereas the HM group did not. These findings suggest that a disturbance in the balance of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 with the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, combined with the high levels of IL-6 and viral load, characterize possible mechanisms related to the formation of HM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Campos de Melo Iani
- Divisão de Epidemiologia e Controle de Doenças/Instituto Octávio Magalhães, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina e Biomedicina, Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Santa Casa, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Caldas
- Divisão de Plataformas Tecnológicas/Diretoria de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Myrian Morato Duarte
- Divisão de Epidemiologia e Controle de Doenças/Instituto Octávio Magalhães, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Luisa Furtado Cury
- Divisão de Epidemiologia e Controle de Doenças/Instituto Octávio Magalhães, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alzira Batista Cecílio
- Divisão de Plataformas Tecnológicas/Diretoria de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Lis R Antonelli
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Kenneth J Gollob
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina e Biomedicina, Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Santa Casa, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Institutos Nacionais de Ciências e Tecnologia-Doenças Tropicais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Núcleo de Ensino e Pesquisa, Instituto Mario Penna, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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46
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Lu Y, Li S, Ma L, Li Y, Zhang X, Peng Q, Mo C, Huang L, Qin X, Liu Y. Type conversion of secretomes in a 3D TAM2 and HCC cell co-culture system and functional importance of CXCL2 in HCC. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24558. [PMID: 27117207 PMCID: PMC4846822 DOI: 10.1038/srep24558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play important roles in the tumor microenvironment, driving cancer progression and metastasis, particularly in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, few studies have assessed the exact secretome composition in HCC. In the present study, the impact of different phenotype of macrophages on HCC cells was investigated. Alternatively activated macrophages (M2) were found to significantly increase the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of SMMC7721 cells (all P < 0.05). M2 were then co-cultured with SMMC7721 cells to reconstruct the tumor microenvironment. Conditioned medium from 3D single cultures of M2, SMMC7721 cells, and their co-culture system were analyzed using quantitative proteomics via iTRAQ labeling combined with mass spectrometric analysis. Secretome analysis revealed a total of 159 differential secreted proteins in the co-culture system compared to the single culture systems, with 63 being up-regulated (>1.3-fold) and 96 down-regulated (<0.7-fold). CXCL2 was confirmed to have higher expression in the co-culture system and HCC tissues, and was selected for further investigation. Functional effects data suggested that recombinant human CXCL2 significantly enhanced the migration, invasion ability of SMMC7721 cells, and weakened adhesion ability. While CXCL2 neutralization and CXCR2 blockage significantly inhibited the effects of CXCL2 on SMMC7721 cells, indicating that CXCL2 may play pivotal role in HCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Liping Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yan Li
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaolian Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Qiliu Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Cuiju Mo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xue Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yinkun Liu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Cancer Research Center, Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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47
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Gesslbauer B, Derler R, Handwerker C, Seles E, Kungl AJ. Exploring the glycosaminoglycan-protein interaction network by glycan-mediated pull-down proteomics. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:1437-47. [PMID: 26970331 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are linear, highly sulfated polysaccharides expressed by almost all animal cells. They occur as soluble molecules, or form proteoglycans by being O-linked to different core proteins on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix. Due to their ability to interact with diverse proteins and to modulate their biologic functions, GAGs are main drivers of mammalian biology. However, to the present day, the human GAG binding proteome has only been insufficiently explored. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the human GAG binding proteome of different sources by using the major GAG classes as ligands, and to explore the GAG-binding selectivity of the human plasma proteome. For this purpose, proteins were pulled down from immobilized low molecular weight heparin, heparan sulfate, and dermatan sulfate under different conditions and were identified by nano-LC/MS². Four hundred and fifty eight human GAG binding proteins have been identified, whereas plasma proteins showed clear differences in their GAG-binding specificity/selectivity and affinity. We were able to differentiate between proteins that bound to all three glycan ligands and proteins that showed selective binding to one or two glycan ligands. Moreover, step-gradient salt elution revealed different binding affinities toward different GAG ligands. On top of proteins with well-known GAG-binding properties we have identified formerly unknown GAG binders. Functional annotation of the identified GAG-binding proteins showed clusters of proteins that are involved in a variety of biological processes. The method described here is well suited for identifying GAG-binding proteins and for comparing human subproteomes with respect to binding to different GAG classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Gesslbauer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rupert Derler
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Elisabeth Seles
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas J Kungl
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,ProtAffin Biotechnologie AG, Graz, Austria
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Oleic acid, hydroxytyrosol and n-3 fatty acids collectively modulate colitis through reduction of oxidative stress and IL-8 synthesis; in vitro and in vivo studies. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 35:29-42. [PMID: 27016717 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Our recent study has demonstrated that medium chain triglycerides (MCT) and monounsaturated fatty acids potentiate the beneficial effects of fish oil on risk factors of cardiovascular disease. In the present study, we have investigated the influence of MCT or olive oil on the protective and mucosal healing ability of fish oil in ulcerative colitis using cell simulation and animal models. Caco-2 cells grown in medium chain fatty acids enriched medium has exaggerated t-butyl hydroperoxide induced cell damage, GSH depletion, and IL-1β induced IL-8 synthesis, compared to the cells grown in oleic acid & hydroxytyrosol (OT) enriched medium. Further, combined treatment of cells with eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and OT has remarkably attenuated the cell damage, and IL-8 synthesis, compared to individual treatments. To evaluate the effect of these lipid formulations in vivo, adult Wistar rats were fed diet enriched with high amount of medium chain triglycerides (MCT), virgin olive oil, or their combination with fish oil. Colitis was induced in rats using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 7days followed by 10-days of recovery period. Rats of MCT group exhibit severe disease activity, higher levels of inflammatory cytokines in the colon compared to the olive oil group. Furthermore, there was persistent body weight loss, loose stools, higher levels of inflammatory cytokines in the rats of MCT group, even after DSS was withdrawn from drinking water. Conversely, fish oil has remarkably attenuated the DSS induced alterations in both MCT and olive oil diet groups with significantly greater effect in the olive oil group. Thus, MCT increase the susceptibility to colitis through oxidative damage and IL-8 synthesis in intestinal epithelial cells. The beneficial effects of virgin olive oil could be partially attributed to hydroxytyrosol. Combined treatment of hydroxytyrosol, oleic acid and n-3 fatty acids exhibit huge therapeutic benefits in colitis.
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49
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Therapeutic Effects of Chinese Medicine Herb Pair, Huzhang and Guizhi, on Monosodium Urate Crystal-Induced Gouty Arthritis in Rats Revealed by Anti-Inflammatory Assessments and NMR-Based Metabonomics. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:9398435. [PMID: 26989428 PMCID: PMC4771918 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9398435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the therapeutic effects of Huzhang-Guizhi herb pair (HG), firstly included in Hu-Zhang Power documented in Taiping Shenghui Fang, on monosodium urate (MSU) crystals-induced gouty arthritis in rats. We found that pretreatment with HG in rats with gouty arthritis could significantly attenuate the ankle joint swelling, and this beneficial antigout effect might be mediated, at least in part, by inhibiting tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) production in synovial fluid as well as nuclear transcription factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65) protein expression in synovial tissue. Moreover, metabonomic analysis demonstrated that 5 and 6 potential biomarkers associated with gouty arthritis in plasma and urine, respectively, which were mainly involved in energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and gut microbe metabolism, were identified. HG could reverse the pathological process of MSU-induced gouty arthritis through regulating the disturbed metabolic pathways. These results provided important mechanistic insights into the protective effects of HG against MSU-induced gouty arthritis in rats.
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50
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IL-8 as mediator in the microenvironment-leukaemia network in acute myeloid leukaemia. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18411. [PMID: 26674118 PMCID: PMC4682064 DOI: 10.1038/srep18411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow microenvironment is physiologically hypoxic with areas being as low as 1% O2, e.g. the stem cell niche. Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) blasts misuse these bone marrow niches for protection by the local microenvironment, but also might create their own microenvironment. Here we identify IL-8 as a hypoxia-regulated cytokine in both AML cell lines and primary AML samples that is induced within 48 hours of severe hypoxia (1% O2). IL-8 lacked effects on AML cells but induced migration in mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), an integral part of the bone marrow. Accordingly, MSC were significantly increased in AML bone marrow as compared to healthy bone marrow. Interestingly, mononuclear cells obtained from healthy bone marrow displayed both significantly lower endogenous and hypoxia-induced production of IL-8. IL-8 mRNA expression in AML blasts from 533 patients differed between genetic subgroups with significantly lower expression of IL-8 in acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL), while in non APL-AML patients with FLT ITD had the highest IL-8 expression. In this subgroup, high IL-8 expression was also prognostically unfavourable. In conclusion, hypoxia as encountered in the bone marrow specifically increases IL-8 expression of AML, which in turn impacts niche formation. High IL-8 expression might be correlated with poor prognosis in certain AML subsets.
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