1
|
Dalmaso B, Liber AMP, Ventura DF, Jancar S, Del Debbio CB. Platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR) regulates neuronal maturation and synaptic transmission during postnatal retinal development. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1343745. [PMID: 38572071 PMCID: PMC10988781 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1343745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Platelet-activating factor (PAF), PAF receptor (PAFR), and PAF- synthesis/degradation systems are involved in essential CNS processes such as neuroblast proliferation, differentiation, migration, and synaptic modulation. The retina is an important central nervous system (CNS) tissue for visual information processing. During retinal development, the balance between Retinal Progenitor Cell (RPC) proliferation and differentiation is crucial for proper cell determination and retinogenesis. Despite its importance in retinal development, the effects of PAFR deletion on RPC dynamics are still unknown. Methods We compared PAFR knockout mice (PAFR-/-) retinal postnatal development proliferation and differentiation aspects with control animals. Electrophysiological responses were analyzed by electroretinography (ERG). Results and discussion In this study, we demonstrate that PAFR-/- mice increased proliferation during postnatal retinogenesis and altered the expression of specific differentiation markers. The retinas of postnatal PAFR-/- animals decreased neuronal differentiation and synaptic transmission markers, leading to differential responses to light stimuli measured by ERG. Our findings suggest that PAFR signaling plays a critical role in regulating postnatal RPC cell differentiation dynamics during retinal development, cell organization, and neuronal circuitry formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Dalmaso
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo (ICB-USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andre Mauricio Passos Liber
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo (IP-USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dora Fix Ventura
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo (IP-USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sonia Jancar
- Department of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo (ICB-USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Beltrame Del Debbio
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo (ICB-USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Miranda BA, Freitas GJC, Leocádio VAT, Costa MC, Emídio ECP, Ribeiro NQ, Carmo PHF, Gouveia-Eufrásio L, Hubner J, Tavares LP, Arifa RDN, Brito CB, Silva MF, Teixeira MM, Paixão TA, Peres NTA, Fagundes CT, Santos DA. Secondary Streptococcus pneumoniae infection increases morbidity and mortality during murine cryptococcosis. Immunology 2024; 171:92-103. [PMID: 37814467 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms that cause pneumonia and translocate to the central nervous system (CNS) are responsible for high mortality worldwide. The fungus Cryptococcus gattii (Cg) and the bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp) target the same infection organs. This study aimed to investigate the consequences of secondary Sp infection during murine cryptococcosis. Mice infected with Sp after Cg showed significantly increased lethality and a drop in scores of motor behaviour, neuropsychiatric status and autonomous function. Previous Cg infection favoured Sp multiplication in the lungs, causing intense inflammation and necrosis, with further increased bacterial translocation to the spleen, liver and brain. This phenotype was associated with increased platelet-activating factor receptor (Pafr) gene expression, reduced M1 macrophage recruitment, and high levels of proinflammatory mediators. Strategies to overcome early mortality (i.e., infection of Pafr-/- mice, treatment with IL-1 inhibitor or corticoid) were insufficient to revert this phenotype. These results suggest that Cg infection makes the lung microenvironment favourable for Sp colonization and dissemination. Altogether, it leads to an exacerbated and ineffective inflammatory response, decisive for the increased morbidity and mortality during coinfection. In conclusion, our results highlight the importance of more studies addressing coinfections and their consequences in the host, aiming to establish more effective therapeutical strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara A Miranda
- Departamento de Microbiologia/Laboratório de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gustavo J C Freitas
- Departamento de Microbiologia/Laboratório de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Victor A T Leocádio
- Departamento de Microbiologia/Laboratório de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marliete C Costa
- Departamento de Microbiologia/Laboratório de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Elúzia C P Emídio
- Departamento de Microbiologia/Laboratório de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Noelly Q Ribeiro
- Departamento de Microbiologia/Laboratório de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Paulo H F Carmo
- Departamento de Microbiologia/Laboratório de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ludmila Gouveia-Eufrásio
- Departamento de Microbiologia/Laboratório de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Josy Hubner
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luciana P Tavares
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Raquel D N Arifa
- Departamento de Microbiologia/Laboratório de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Camila B Brito
- Departamento de Microbiologia/Laboratório de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Monique F Silva
- Departamento de Patologia/Laboratório de Patologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Tatiane A Paixão
- Departamento de Patologia/Laboratório de Patologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Nalu T A Peres
- Departamento de Microbiologia/Laboratório de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Caio T Fagundes
- Departamento de Microbiologia/Laboratório de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daniel A Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia/Laboratório de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Oyebanji OA, Brewer C, Bayless S, Schmeusser B, Corbin DA, Sulentic CEW, Sherwin CMT, Chen Y, Rapp CM, Cates EE, Long Y, Travers JB, Rohan CA. Topical Photodynamic Therapy Generates Bioactive Microvesicle Particles: Evidence for a Pathway Involved in Immunosuppressive Effects. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:1279-1288.e9. [PMID: 36708950 PMCID: PMC10293022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Although effective in treating actinic damage, topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been shown to be immunosuppressive through unknown mechanisms, which could potentially limit its effectiveness. Multiple types of environmental stressors, including PDT, can produce the immunosuppressive lipid mediator platelet-activating factor (PAF). Because PAF can produce subcellular microvesicle particles (MVPs), these studies tested whether PDT can generate PAF and MVP release and whether these are involved in PDT-induced immunosuppression. Previously, topical PDT using blue light and 5-aminolevulinic acid was found to be a potent stimulus for PAF production in mice and human skin explants and human patients, and we show that experimental PDT also generates high levels of MVP. PDT-generated MVPs were independent of the PAF receptor but were dependent on the MVP-generating enzyme acid sphingomyelinase. Patients undergoing topical PDT treatment to at least 10% of body surface area showed local and systemic immunosuppression as measured by inhibition of delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions. Finally, using a murine model of contact hypersensitivity, PDT immunosuppression was blocked by genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase and genetic inhibition of PAF receptor signaling. These studies describe a mechanism involving MVP through which PDT exerts immunomodulatory effects, providing a potential target to improve its effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oladayo A Oyebanji
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Chad Brewer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Sharlo Bayless
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Benjamin Schmeusser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Danielle A Corbin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Courtney E W Sulentic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Catherine M T Sherwin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA; Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yanfang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Christine M Rapp
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Elizabeth E Cates
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Yuhan Long
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Travers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA; Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA; Dayton V.A. Medical Center, Dayton, Ohio, USA.
| | - Craig A Rohan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA; Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA; Dayton V.A. Medical Center, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Carter MC, Park J, Vadas P, Worm M. Extrinsic and Intrinsic Modulators of Anaphylaxis. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2023; 11:1998-2006. [PMID: 37230384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The severity of anaphylaxis is determined by many factors. The allergenic source as well as the age of the affected individual and the route of allergen exposure encompass the major contributors of the clinical outcome. Moreover, the severity can be modulated further by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Among these, the genetic predisposition, certain comorbidities such as uncontrolled asthma, and hormonal fluctuations have been proposed as intrinsic and antihypertensive medications or physical activity as extrinsic factors. Recent advances have highlighted immunologic pathways that may exacerbate the response to allergens through receptors on mast cells, basophils, platelets, and other granulocytes. Atopy, platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase deficiency, hereditary alpha tryptasemia, and clonal mast cell disorders are examples associated with genetic alterations that may predispose to severe anaphylaxis. Identifying risk factors that lower the threshold of reactivity or increase the severity of multisystem reactions is important in the management of this patient population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melody C Carter
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.
| | - Jane Park
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Vadas
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Margitta Worm
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kow ASF, Khoo LW, Tan JW, Abas F, Lee MT, Israf DA, Shaari K, Tham CL. Clinacanthus nutans aqueous leaves extract exerts anti-allergic activity in preclinical anaphylactic models via alternative IgG pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 303:116003. [PMID: 36464074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Allergy is mediated by the crosslinking of immunoglobulins (Ig) -E or -G to their respective receptors, which degranulates mast cells, macrophages, basophils, or neutrophils, releasing allergy-causing mediators. The removal of these mediators such as histamine, platelet-activating factor (PAF) and interleukins (ILs) released by effector cells will alleviate allergy. Clinacanthus nutans (C. nutans), an herbal plant in Southeast Asia, is used traditionally to treat skin rash, an allergic symptom. Previously, we have reported that C. nutans aqueous leaves extract (CNAE) was able to suppress the release of β-hexosaminidase and histamine but not interleukin-4 (IL-4) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the IgE-induced mast cell degranulation model at 5 mg/mL and above. We also found that CNAE could protect rats against ovalbumin-challenged active systemic anaphylaxis (OVA-ASA) through the downregulation and upregulation of certain metabolites using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) metabolomics approach. AIM OF THE STUDY As allergy could be mediated by both IgE and IgG, we further evaluated the anti-allergy potential of CNAE in both in vitro model of IgG-induced macrophage activation and in vivo anaphylaxis models to further dissect the mechanism of action underlying the anti-allergic properties of CNAE. MATERIAL & METHODS The anti-allergy potential of CNAE was evaluated in in vivo anaphylaxis models of ovalbumin-challenged active systemic anaphylaxis (OVA-ASA) and IgE-challenged passive systemic anaphylaxis (PSA) using Sprague Dawley rats as well as IgG-challenged passive systemic anaphylaxis (IgG-PSA) using C57BL/6 mice. Meanwhile, in vitro model of IgG-induced macrophage activation model was performed using IC-21 macrophages. The release of soluble mediators from both IgE and IgG-mediated pathways were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The signaling molecules targeted by CNAE were identified by performing Western blot. RESULTS IgG, platelet-activating factor (PAF) and IL-6 was suppressed by CNAE in OVA-ASA, but not IgE. In addition, CNAE significantly suppressed PAF and IL-6 in IgG-PSA but did not suppress histamine, IL-4 and leukotrienes C4 (LTC4) in IgE-PSA. CNAE also inhibited IL-6 and TNF-α by inhibiting the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in the IgG-induced macrophage activation model. CONCLUSION Overall, our findings supported that CNAE exerts its anti-allergic properties by suppressing the IgG pathway and its mediators by inhibiting ERK1/2 phosphorylation, thus providing scientific evidence supporting its traditional use in managing allergy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Siew Foong Kow
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Malaysia; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia.
| | - Leng Wei Khoo
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Ji Wei Tan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Malaysia; School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Faridah Abas
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Malaysia; Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Ming-Tatt Lee
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia; Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan.
| | - Daud Ahmad Israf
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Khozirah Shaari
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Chau Ling Tham
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Upton JEM, Grunebaum E, Sussman G, Vadas P. Platelet Activating Factor (PAF): A Mediator of Inflammation. Biofactors 2022; 48:1189-1202. [PMID: 36029481 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a phospholipid-derived mediator with an established role in multiple inflammatory states. PAF is synthesized and secreted by multiple cell types and is then rapidly hydrolyzed and degraded to an inactive metabolite, lyso-PAF, by the enzyme PAF acetylhydrolase. In addition to its role in platelet aggregation and activation, PAF contributes to allergic and nonallergic inflammatory diseases such as anaphylaxis, sepsis, cardiovascular disease, neurological disease, and malignancy as demonstrated in multiple animal models and, increasingly, in human disease states. Recent research has demonstrated the importance of the PAF pathway in multiple conditions including the prediction of severe pediatric anaphylaxis, effects on blood-brain barrier permeability, effects on reproduction, ocular diseases, and further understanding of its role in cardiovascular risk. Investigation of PAF as both a biomarker and a therapeutic target continues because of the need for directed management of inflammation. Collectively, studies have shown that therapies focused on the PAF pathway have the potential to provide targeted and effective treatments for multiple inflammatory conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia E M Upton
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eyal Grunebaum
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gordon Sussman
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Vadas
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Saha BK, Chong WH, Saha S, Aiman A, Bonnier A. Proposed Pathogenesis of Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage in Idiopathic Pulmonary Hemosiderosis. Lung 2022; 200:205-215. [PMID: 35267072 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-022-00523-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH) is a rare disease that causes diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH). The latest data suggests an immunologic origin of IPH, and a new name, immune mediated pulmonary hemosiderosis (ImPH), has been proposed. However, the exact immunologic mechanism has remained elusive for nearly eight decades despite extensive research, including detailed histopathologic analysis. Although several hypotheses have been proposed to describe the pathobiology of IPH, none of them explain the clinical and histopathologic findings conclusively. In this manuscript, we have presented a new hypothesis for the pathogenesis of DAH in IPH. We hypothesize that DAH in IPH is not immunocomplex mediated but due to histamine, eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP), and possibly vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). These bioactive proteins induce endothelial and alveolar epithelial damage, leading to the peri-capillary and intraalveolar escape of RBCs. The deformability of the RBC likely also plays a role. The supranormal secretion of histamine, ECP and VEGF occurs in genetically predisposed individuals with an aberrant immunologic response. The histamine is released from the basophils and possibly the mast cells in response to cytokines secreted by activated lymphocytes. The lymphocyte activation occurs after exposure to a known (gluten) or unknown antigen. The same lymphocyte-derived cytokines also induce eosinophilic degranulation of ECP and VEGF in the pulmonary circulation. We believe that our hypothesis unifies the observed clinical variabilities and histopathologic findings in IPH, and we hope that would promote future research in the field of IPH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biplab K Saha
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ozarks Medical Center, 1100 Kentucky Avenue, West Plains, Missouri, MO, 65775, USA.
| | - Woon H Chong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Santu Saha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bangladesh Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Alexis Aiman
- New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Arkansas State University, Arkansas, USA
| | - Alyssa Bonnier
- Department of Critical Care Nursing, Goldfarb School of Nursing, Barnes Jewish College, St. Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Awoyemi AA, Borchers C, Liu L, Chen Y, Rapp CM, Brewer CA, Elased R, Travers JB. Acute ethanol exposure stimulates microvesicle particle generation in keratinocytes. Toxicol Lett 2022; 355:100-105. [PMID: 34801640 PMCID: PMC8702459 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol has been demonstrated to exert profound effects upon cells and tissues via multiple mechanisms. One recently appreciated means by which cells can communicate with other cells is via the production and release of extracellular vesicles. Though smaller exosomes have been demonstrated to be released in response to ethanol exposure, the ability of ethanol to modulate the generation and release of larger microvesicle particles (MVP) is lesser studied. The present studies examined the ability of exogenous ethanol to generate MVP with a focus on skin cells. Acute ethanol exposure resulted in augmented MVP release in keratinocytes and in the skin and blood of mice. Unlike other stimuli such as ultraviolet B radiation or thermal burn injury, ethanol-mediated MVP release was independent of the Platelet-activating Factor receptor (PAFR). However, ethanol pretreatment was found to augment thermal burn injury-induced MVP in a PAFR-dependent manner. These studies provide a novel mechanism for ethanol-mediated effects, that could be relevant in the significant toxicity associated with thermal burn injury in the setting of alcohol intoxication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azeezat A. Awoyemi
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435
| | - Christina Borchers
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435
| | - Langni Liu
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435
| | - Yanfang Chen
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435
| | - Christine M. Rapp
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435
| | - Chad A. Brewer
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435
| | - Ramzi Elased
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435
| | - Jeffrey B. Travers
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435,Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435,The Dayton V.A. Medical Center, Dayton, OH 45428.,Corresponding author: Jeffrey B. Travers, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, 3640 Col Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH 46435,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Costa KA, Lacerda DR, Silveira ALM, Martins LB, Oliveira MC, Rezende BM, Menezes-Garcia Z, Mügge FLB, Silva AM, Teixeira MM, Rouault C, Pinho V, Marcelin G, Clément K, Ferreira AVM. PAF signaling plays a role in obesity-induced adipose tissue remodeling. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:68-76. [PMID: 34493775 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00961-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR) activation controls adipose tissue (AT) expansion in animal models. Our objective was twofold: (i) to check whether PAFR signaling is involved in human obesity and (ii) investigate the PAF pathway role in hematopoietic or non-hematopoietic cells to control adipocyte size. MATERIALS/SUBJECTS AND METHODS Clinical parameters and adipose tissue gene expression were evaluated in subjects with obesity. Bone marrow (BM) transplantation from wild-type (WT) or PAFR-/- mice was performed to obtain chimeric PAFR-deficient mice predominantly in hematopoietic or non-hematopoietic-derived cells. A high carbohydrate diet (HC) was used to induce AT remodeling and evaluate in which cell compartment PAFR signaling modulates it. Also, 3T3-L1 cells were treated with PAF to evaluate fat accumulation and the expression of genes related to it. RESULTS PAFR expression in omental AT from humans with obesity was negatively correlated to different corpulence parameters and more expressed in the stromal vascular fraction than adipocytes. Total PAFR-/- increased adiposity compared with WT independent of diet-induced obesity. Differently, WT mice receiving PAFR-/--BM exhibited similar adiposity gain as WT chimeras. PAFR-/- mice receiving WT-BM showed comparable augmentation in adiposity as total PAFR-/- mice, demonstrating that PAFR signaling modulates adipose tissue expansion through non-hematopoietic cells. Indeed, the PAF treatment in 3T3-L1 adipocytes reduced fat accumulation and expression of adipogenic genes. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, decreased PAFR signaling may favor an AT accumulation in humans and animal models. Importantly, PAFR signaling, mainly in non-hematopoietic cells, especially in adipocytes, appears to play a significant role in regulating diet-induced AT expansion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kátia A Costa
- Immunometabolism, Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Débora R Lacerda
- Immunometabolism, Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana L M Silveira
- Immunometabolism, Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Laís B Martins
- Immunometabolism, Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marina C Oliveira
- Immunometabolism, Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Barbara M Rezende
- Department of Basic Nursing, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Zélia Menezes-Garcia
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernanda L B Mügge
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Aristóbolo M Silva
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Immunopharmacology, Department of Immunology and Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Christine Rouault
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and obesities: systemic approaches (Nutriomics), Paris, France.,Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Nutrition Departments, CRNH Ile de France, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Vanessa Pinho
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Geneviève Marcelin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and obesities: systemic approaches (Nutriomics), Paris, France.,Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Nutrition Departments, CRNH Ile de France, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Karine Clément
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and obesities: systemic approaches (Nutriomics), Paris, France.,Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Nutrition Departments, CRNH Ile de France, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Adaliene V M Ferreira
- Immunometabolism, Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
El Mdawar MB, Maître B, Magnenat S, Tupin F, Jönsson F, Gachet C, de la Salle H, Hechler B. Platelet FcγRIIA-induced serotonin release exacerbates the severity of transfusion-related acute lung injury in mice. Blood Adv 2021; 5:4817-4830. [PMID: 34521102 PMCID: PMC9153039 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021004336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) remains a major cause of transfusion-related fatalities. The mechanism of human antibody-mediated TRALI, especially the involvement of the Fcγ receptors, is not clearly established. Contrary to mice, human platelets are unique in their expression of the FcγRIIA/CD32A receptor, suggesting that our understanding of the pathogenesis of antibody-mediated TRALI is partial, as the current murine models incompletely recapitulate the human immunology. We evaluated the role of FcγRIIA/CD32A in TRALI using a humanized mouse model expressing the FcγRIIA/CD32A receptor. When challenged with a recombinant chimeric human immunoglobulin G1/mouse anti-major histocompatibility complex class I monoclonal antibody, these mice exhibited exacerbated alveolar edema and higher mortality compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Unlike in WT mice, monocytes/macrophages in CD32A+ mice were accessory for TRALI initiation, indicating the decisive contribution of another cell type. Platelet activation was dramatically increased in CD32A+ animals, resulting in their increased consumption and massive release of their granule contents. Platelet depletion prevented the exacerbation of TRALI in CD32A+ mice but did not affect TRALI in WT animals. By blocking platelet serotonin uptake with fluoxetine, we showed that the severity of TRALI in CD32A+ mice resulted from the serotonin released by the activated platelets. Furthermore, inhibition of 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A serotonin receptor with sarpogrelate, before or after the induction of TRALI, abolished the aggravation of lung edema in CD32A+ mice. Our findings show that platelet FcγRIIA/CD32A activation exacerbates antibody-mediated TRALI and provide a rationale for designing prophylactic and therapeutic strategies targeting the serotonin pathway to attenuate TRALI in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Belle El Mdawar
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS)-Grand Est, BPPS UMR_S 1255, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France; and
| | - Blandine Maître
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS)-Grand Est, BPPS UMR_S 1255, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France; and
| | - Stéphanie Magnenat
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS)-Grand Est, BPPS UMR_S 1255, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France; and
| | - Florian Tupin
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS)-Grand Est, BPPS UMR_S 1255, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France; and
| | - Friederike Jönsson
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, UMR INSERM U1222, Paris, France
| | - Christian Gachet
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS)-Grand Est, BPPS UMR_S 1255, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France; and
| | - Henri de la Salle
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS)-Grand Est, BPPS UMR_S 1255, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France; and
| | - Beatrice Hechler
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS)-Grand Est, BPPS UMR_S 1255, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France; and
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Meng-Ru Z, Ruo-Xuan S, Ming-Yang Y, Tong T, Lei Z, Ying-Bo Y, Bao-Guo X. Antagonizing astrocytic platelet activating factor receptor-neuroinflammation for total flavone of epimedium in response to cuprizone demyelination. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108181. [PMID: 34607229 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system are characterized by recurrent demyelination and progressive neurodegeneration, but there are no clinical drugs targeting myelin regeneration or improving functional disability in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Total flavone of Epimedium (TFE) is the main active components of Epimedium, which exhibits the beneficial biological activities in the treatment of diseases, but there is no report in the treatment of demyelinating disorder. The purpose of this study was to explore the therapeutic potential and possible mechanism of TFE in the treatment of demyelination. The results showed that TFE efficiently improved the behavioural performance and histological demyelination in cuprizone (CPZ)-induced demyelinating model. In terms of action, TFE increased astrocytes enrichment in corpus callosum, striatum and cortex, and promoted astrocytes to express neurotrophic factors. Furthermore, the expression of platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR) in astrocytes was induced by CPZ feeding and LPS stimulation, accompanied by the increase of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1β. TFE declined the expression of PAFR, and inhibited inflammatory response. At the same time, TFE also antagonized PAFR activation and inflammatory response triggered by PAF, which further confirmed that TFE, as a new PAFR antagonist, inhibited the astrocyte-derived inflammatory response by antagonizing PAFR-neuroinflammation axis, thus contributing to myelin protection and regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Meng-Ru
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Sui Ruo-Xuan
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu Ming-Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tian Tong
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhang Lei
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yang Ying-Bo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiao Bao-Guo
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abhilasha KV, Sumanth MS, Thyagarajan A, Sahu RP, Kemparaju K, Marathe GK. Reversible cross-tolerance to platelet-activating factor signaling by bacterial toxins. Platelets 2021; 32:960-967. [PMID: 32835559 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1810652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial toxins signaling through Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases. Among the toxins, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exerts its action via TLR-4 while lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and bacterial lipoproteins such as Braun lipoprotein (BLP) or its synthetic analogue Pam3CSK4 act through TLR-2. Part of the TLR mediated pathogenicity is believed to stem from endogenously biosynthesized platelet-activating factor (PAF)- a potent inflammatory phospholipid acting through PAF-receptor (PAF-R). However, the role of PAF in inflammatory diseases like endotoxemia is controversial. In order to test the direct contribution of PAF in TLR-mediated pathogenicity, we intraperitoneally injected PAF to Wistar albino mice in the presence or absence of bacterial toxins. Intraperitoneal injection of PAF (5 μg/mouse) causes sudden death of mice, that can be delayed by simultaneously or pre-treating the animals with high doses of bacterial toxins- a phenomenon known as endotoxin cross-tolerance. The bacterial toxins- induced tolerance to PAF can be reversed by increasing the concentration of PAF suggesting the reversibility of cross-tolerance. We did similar experiments using human platelets that express both canonical PAF-R and TLRs. Although bacterial toxins did not induce human platelet aggregation, they inhibited PAF-induced platelet aggregation in a reversible manner. Using rabbit platelets that are ultrasensitive to PAF, we found bacterial toxins (LPS and LTA) and Pam3CSK4 causing rabbit platelet aggregation via PAF-R dependent way. The physical interaction of PAF-R and bacterial toxins is also demonstrated in a human epidermal cell line having stable PAF-R expression. Thus, we suggest the possibility of direct physical interaction of bacterial toxins with PAF-R leading to cross-tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anita Thyagarajan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Ravi Prakash Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Kempaiah Kemparaju
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Mysuru, India.,Department of Studies in Molecular Biology, University of Mysore, Mysuru, India
| | - Gopal Kedihithlu Marathe
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Mysuru, India.,Department of Studies in Molecular Biology, University of Mysore, Mysuru, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fettrelet T, Gigon L, Karaulov A, Yousefi S, Simon HU. The Enigma of Eosinophil Degranulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137091. [PMID: 34209362 PMCID: PMC8268949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are specialized white blood cells, which are involved in the pathology of diverse allergic and nonallergic inflammatory diseases. Eosinophils are traditionally known as cytotoxic effector cells but have been suggested to additionally play a role in immunomodulation and maintenance of homeostasis. The exact role of these granule-containing leukocytes in health and diseases is still a matter of debate. Degranulation is one of the key effector functions of eosinophils in response to diverse stimuli. The different degranulation patterns occurring in eosinophils (piecemeal degranulation, exocytosis and cytolysis) have been extensively studied in the last few years. However, the exact mechanism of the diverse degranulation types remains unknown and is still under investigation. In this review, we focus on recent findings and highlight the diversity of stimulation and methods used to evaluate eosinophil degranulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothée Fettrelet
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (T.F.); (L.G.); (S.Y.)
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Lea Gigon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (T.F.); (L.G.); (S.Y.)
| | - Alexander Karaulov
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Shida Yousefi
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (T.F.); (L.G.); (S.Y.)
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (T.F.); (L.G.); (S.Y.)
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420012 Kazan, Russia
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical School Brandenburg, D-16816 Neuruppin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-31-632-3281
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bruhns P, Chollet-Martin S. Mechanisms of human drug-induced anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 147:1133-1142. [PMID: 33832695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced anaphylaxis is a hyperacute reaction affecting multiple organs that can be of fatal consequence. Its incidence is increasing, consistent with a global increased sensitization to various allergens and drugs in the population. Few risk factors and mechanisms have been identified from human studies due to the rarity of anaphylactic events and their unpredictability. This systemic reaction is caused by the rapid release of a large range of functionally diverse mediators, including histamine and platelet-activating factor as the main drivers identified. Mechanisms defined from models of experimental anaphylaxis identify drug-specific antibodies of the IgE and IgG class that link the drug to antibody receptors on multiple cell types, causing their activation and mediator release. In the case of drugs with peculiar chemical structures, antibodies may not be necessary because drug-binding receptors, such as Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor member X2, have been identified. This review describes the complex reaction leading to drug-induced anaphylaxis that can involve various antibody classes, various cell types-including mast cells, neutrophils, platelets, basophils, macrophages, and monocytes-and their mediators and receptors that, importantly, can be activated alone or in association to participate in the severity of the reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Bruhns
- Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, UMR 1222 INSERM, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; DHU FIRE, Labex Inflamex, Université Paris Diderot Paris 7, Paris, France.
| | - Sylvie Chollet-Martin
- Department "Auto-immunité et Hypersensibilités," DMU BioGeM, APHP, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France; "Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance" INSERM UMR 996, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Marathe GK, Chaithra VH, Ke LY, Chen CH. Effect of acyl and alkyl analogs of platelet-activating factor on inflammatory signaling. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2020; 151:106478. [PMID: 32711129 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2020.106478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor (PAF), a bioactive ether phospholipid with significant pro-inflammatory properties, was identified almost half a century ago. Despite extensive study of this autocoid, therapeutic strategies for targeting its signaling components have not been successful, including the recent clinical trials with darapladib, a drug that targets plasma PAF-acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH). We recently provided experimental evidence that the previously unrecognized acyl analog of PAF, which is concomitantly produced along with PAF during biosynthesis, dampens PAF signaling by acting both as a sacrificial substrate for PAF-AH and probably as an endogenous PAF-receptor antagonist/partial agonist. If this is the scenario in vivo, PAF-AH needs to catalyze the selective hydrolysis of alkyl-PAF and not acyl-PAF. Accordingly, different approaches are needed for treating inflammatory diseases in which PAF signaling is implicated. The interplay between acyl-PAF, alkyl-PAF, PAF-AH, and PAF-R is complex, and the outcome of this interplay has not been previously appreciated. In this review, we discuss this interaction based on our recent findings. It is very likely that the relative abundance of acyl and alkyl-PAF and their interactions with PAF-R in the presence of their hydrolyzing enzyme PAF-AH may exert a modulatory effect on PAF signaling during inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Kedihithlu Marathe
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru, 570006, Karnataka, India; Department of Studies in Molecular Biology, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru, 570006, Karnataka, India.
| | | | - Liang-Yin Ke
- College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Vascular and Medicinal Research, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Chu-Huang Chen
- Vascular and Medicinal Research, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dorninger F, Forss-Petter S, Wimmer I, Berger J. Plasmalogens, platelet-activating factor and beyond - Ether lipids in signaling and neurodegeneration. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 145:105061. [PMID: 32861763 PMCID: PMC7116601 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycerol-based ether lipids including ether phospholipids form a specialized branch of lipids that in mammals require peroxisomes for their biosynthesis. They are major components of biological membranes and one particular subgroup, the plasmalogens, is widely regarded as a cellular antioxidant. Their vast potential to influence signal transduction pathways is less well known. Here, we summarize the literature showing associations with essential signaling cascades for a wide variety of ether lipids, including platelet-activating factor, alkylglycerols, ether-linked lysophosphatidic acid and plasmalogen-derived polyunsaturated fatty acids. The available experimental evidence demonstrates links to several common players like protein kinase C, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors or mitogen-activated protein kinases. Furthermore, ether lipid levels have repeatedly been connected to some of the most abundant neurological diseases, particularly Alzheimer's disease and more recently also neurodevelopmental disorders like autism. Thus, we critically discuss the potential role of these compounds in the etiology and pathophysiology of these diseases with an emphasis on signaling processes. Finally, we review the emerging interest in plasmalogens as treatment target in neurological diseases, assessing available data and highlighting future perspectives. Although many aspects of ether lipid involvement in cellular signaling identified in vitro still have to be confirmed in vivo, the compiled data show many intriguing properties and contributions of these lipids to health and disease that will trigger further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Dorninger
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, Vienna 1090, Austria.
| | - Sonja Forss-Petter
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Isabella Wimmer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Johannes Berger
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, Vienna 1090, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tian Z, Chu T, Shields LBE, Zhu Q, Zhang YP, Kong M, Barnes GN, Wang Y, Shields CB, Cai J. Platelet-Activating Factor Deteriorates Lysophosphatidylcholine-Induced Demyelination Via Its Receptor-Dependent and -Independent Effects. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4069-4081. [PMID: 32661728 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that platelet-activating factor (PAF) increases the inflammatory response in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. However, PAF receptor (PAFR) antagonists do not show therapeutic efficacy for MS, and its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the effects of PAF on an ex vivo demyelination cerebellar model following lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC, 0.5 mg/mL) application using wild-type and PAFR conventional knockout (PAFR-KO) mice. Demyelination was induced in cerebellar slices that were cultured with LPC for 18 h. Exogenous PAF (1 μM) acting on cerebellar slices alone did not cause demyelination but increased the severity of LPC-induced demyelination in both wild-type and PAFR-KO mice. LPC inhibited the expression of PAF-AH, MBP, TNF-α, and TGF-β1 but facilitated the expression of IL-1β and IL-6 in wild-type preparations. Of note, exogenous PAF stimulated microglial activation in both wild-type and PAFR-KO mice. The subsequent inflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 as well as the anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β1 demonstrated a diverse transcriptional profile with or without LPC treatment. PAF promoted TNF-α expression and suppressed TGF-β1 expression indiscriminately in wild-type and knockout slices; however, transcription of IL-1β and IL-6 was not significantly affected in both slices. The syntheses of IL-1β and IL-6 were significantly increased in LPC-induced demyelination preparations without PAF but showed a redundancy in PAF-treated wild-type and knockout slices. These data suggest that PAF can play a detrimental role in LPC-induced demyelination probably due to a redundant response of PAFR-dependent and PAFR-independent effects on inflammatory cytokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhisen Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China.,Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Tianci Chu
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Lisa B E Shields
- Norton Neuroscience Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Qingsan Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi Ping Zhang
- Norton Neuroscience Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Maiying Kong
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Louisville School of Public Health & Information Sciences, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Gregory N Barnes
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Yuanyi Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Christopher B Shields
- Norton Neuroscience Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Jun Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liu L, Fahy KE, Awoyemi AA, Thapa P, Kelly LE, Chen J, Bihl JC, Cool DR, Chen Y, Rapp CM, Johnson RM, Travers JB. Thermal Burn Injury Generates Bioactive Microvesicles: Evidence for a Novel Transport Mechanism for the Lipid Mediator Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF) That Involves Subcellular Particles and the PAF Receptor. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2020; 205:193-201. [PMID: 32434939 PMCID: PMC7342023 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Thermal burn injuries are an important environmental stressor that can result in considerable morbidity and mortality. The exact mechanism by which an environmental stimulus to skin results in local and systemic effects is an area of active research. One potential mechanism to allow skin keratinocytes to disperse bioactive substances is via microvesicle particles, which are subcellular bodies released directly from cellular membranes. Our previous studies have indicated that thermal burn injury of the skin keratinocyte in vitro results in the production of the lipid mediator platelet-activating factor (PAF). The present studies demonstrate that thermal burn injury to keratinocytes in vitro and human skin explants ex vivo, and mice in vivo generate microvesicle particles. Use of pharmacologic and genetic tools indicates that the optimal release of microvesicles is dependent upon the PAF receptor. Of note, burn injury-stimulated microvesicle particles do not carry appreciable protein cytokines yet contain high levels of PAF. These studies describe a novel mechanism involving microvesicle particles by which a metabolically labile bioactive lipid can travel from cells in response to environmental stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Langni Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435
| | - Katherine E Fahy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435
| | - Azeezat A Awoyemi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435
| | - Pariksha Thapa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435
| | - Lisa E Kelly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435
| | - Jay Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435
| | - Ji C Bihl
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435
| | - David R Cool
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435
| | - Yanfang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435
| | - Christine M Rapp
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435
| | - R Michael Johnson
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435
| | - Jeffrey B Travers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435;
- Department of Dermatology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435; and
- Dayton VA Medical Center, Dayton, OH 45428
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Activity and Remodeling of Glycerophosphocholine Lipids Support Cytokine Induction in Response to Fungal Patterns. Cell Rep 2020; 27:525-536.e4. [PMID: 30970255 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased glycolysis parallels immune cell activation, but the role of pyruvate remains largely unexplored. We found that stimulation of dendritic cells with the fungal surrogate zymosan causes decreases of pyruvate, citrate, itaconate, and α-ketoglutarate, while increasing oxaloacetate, succinate, lactate, oxygen consumption, and pyruvate dehydrogenase activity. Expression of IL10 and IL23A (the gene encoding the p19 chain of IL-23) depended on pyruvate dehydrogenase activity. Mechanistically, pyruvate reinforced histone H3 acetylation, and acetate rescued the effect of mitochondrial pyruvate carrier inhibition, most likely because it is a substrate of the acetyl-CoA producing enzyme ACSS2. Mice lacking the receptor of the lipid mediator platelet-activating factor (PAF; 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) showed reduced production of IL-10 and IL-23 that is explained by the requirement of acetyl-CoA for PAF biosynthesis and its ensuing autocrine function. Acetyl-CoA therefore intertwines fatty acid remodeling of glycerophospholipids and energetic metabolism during cytokine induction.
Collapse
|
20
|
Marcelin G, Silveira ALM, Martins LB, Ferreira AV, Clément K. Deciphering the cellular interplays underlying obesity-induced adipose tissue fibrosis. J Clin Invest 2020; 129:4032-4040. [PMID: 31498150 DOI: 10.1172/jci129192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity originates from an imbalance between caloric intake and energy expenditure that promotes adipose tissue expansion, which is necessary to buffer nutrient excess. Patients with higher visceral fat mass are at a higher risk of developing severe complications such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular and liver diseases. However, increased fat mass does not fully explain obesity's propensity to promote metabolic diseases. With chronic obesity, adipose tissue undergoes major remodeling, which can ultimately result in unresolved chronic inflammation leading to fibrosis accumulation. These features drive local tissue damage and initiate and/or maintain multiorgan dysfunction. Here, we review the current understanding of adipose tissue remodeling with a focus on obesity-induced adipose tissue fibrosis and its relevance to clinical manifestations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Marcelin
- Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics, UMRS U1269), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Ana Letícia M Silveira
- Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics, UMRS U1269), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Immunometabolism, Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Laís Bhering Martins
- Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics, UMRS U1269), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Immunometabolism, Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Adaliene Vm Ferreira
- Immunometabolism, Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Karine Clément
- Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics, UMRS U1269), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Nutrition Department, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Karhausen J, Choi HW, Maddipati KR, Mathew JP, Ma Q, Boulaftali Y, Lee RH, Bergmeier W, Abraham SN. Platelets trigger perivascular mast cell degranulation to cause inflammatory responses and tissue injury. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay6314. [PMID: 32206714 PMCID: PMC7080499 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay6314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Platelet responses have been associated with end-organ injury and mortality following complex insults such as cardiac surgery, but how platelets contribute to these pathologies remains unclear. Our studies originated from the observation of microvascular platelet retention in a rat cardiac surgery model. Ensuing work supported the proximity of platelet aggregates with perivascular mast cells (MCs) and demonstrated that platelet activation triggered systemic MC activation. We then identified platelet activating factor (PAF) as the platelet-derived mediator stimulating MCs and, using chimeric animals with platelets defective in PAF generation or MCs lacking PAF receptor, defined the role of this platelet-MC interaction for vascular leakage, shock, and tissue inflammation. In application of these findings, we demonstrated that inhibition of platelet activation in modeled cardiac surgery blunted MC-dependent inflammation and tissue injury. Together, our work identifies a previously undefined mechanism of inflammatory augmentation, in which platelets trigger local and systemic responses through activation of perivascular MCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Karhausen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hae Woong Choi
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | | | - Joseph P. Mathew
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Qing Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yacine Boulaftali
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratory of Vascular Translational Science, U1148 Institute National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), Paris, France
| | - Robert Hugh Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wolfgang Bergmeier
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Center for Blood Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Soman N. Abraham
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yu Z, Shibazaki M, Otsuka H, Takada H, Nakamura M, Endo Y. Dynamics of Platelet Behaviors as Defenders and Guardians: Accumulations in Liver, Lung, and Spleen in Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 42:1253-1267. [PMID: 31366863 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Systemic platelet behaviors in experimental animals are often assessed by infusion of isotope-labeled platelets and measuring them under anesthesia. However, such procedures alter, therefore may not reveal, real-life platelet behaviors. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5HT or serotonin) is present within limited cell-types, including platelets. In our studies, by measuring 5HT as a platelet-marker in non-anesthetized mice, we identified stimulation- and time-dependent accumulations in liver, lung, and/or spleen as important systemic platelet behaviors. For example, intravenous, intraperitoneal, or intragingival injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, a cell-wall component of Gram-negative bacteria), interleukin (IL)-1, or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α induced hepatic platelet accumulation (HPA) and platelet translocation into the sinusoidal and perisinusoidal spaces or hepatocytes themselves. These events occurred "within a few hours" of the injection, caused hypoglycemia, and exhibited protective or causal effects on hepatitis. Intravenous injection of larger doses of LPS into normal mice, or intravenous antigen-challenge to sensitized mice, induced pulmonary platelet accumulation (PPA), as well as HPA. These reactions occurred "within a few min" of the LPS injection or antigen challenge and resulted in shock. Intravenous injection of 5HT or a catecholamine induced a rapid PPA "within 6 s." Intravenous LPS injection, within a minute, increased the pulmonary catecholamines that mediate the LPS-induced PPA. Macrophage-depletion from liver and spleen induced "day-scale" splenic platelet accumulation, suggesting the spleen is involved in clearing senescent platelets. These findings indicate the usefulness of 5HT as a marker of platelet behaviors, and provide a basis for a discussion of the roles of platelets as both "defenders" and "guardians."
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqian Yu
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute for Disaster Science, Tohoku University
| | - Masahiro Shibazaki
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University
| | - Hirotada Otsuka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University
| | - Haruhiko Takada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University
| | - Masanori Nakamura
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry, Showa University
| | - Yasuo Endo
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Environmental stressors exert a profound effect on humans. Many environmental stressors have in common the ability to induce reactive oxygen species. The goal of this chapter is to present evidence that the potent lipid mediator platelet-activating factor (PAF) is involved in the effects of many stressors ranging from cigarette smoke to ultraviolet B radiation. These environmental stressors can generate PAF enzymatically as well as PAF-like lipids produced by free radical-mediated attack of glycerophosphocholines. Inasmuch as PAF exerts both acute inflammation and delayed immunosuppressive effects, involvement of the PAF system can provide an explanation for many consequences of environmental stressor exposures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey B Travers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA.
- Dayton Veterans Administration Medical Center, Dayton, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Deng M, Guo H, Tam JW, Johnson BM, Brickey WJ, New JS, Lenox A, Shi H, Golenbock DT, Koller BH, McKinnon KP, Beutler B, Ting JPY. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) mediates NLRP3-NEK7 inflammasome induction independently of PAFR. J Exp Med 2019; 216:2838-2853. [PMID: 31558613 PMCID: PMC6888982 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor (PAF) can drive pathophysiological inflammation, but the mechanism remains incompletely understood. Here, Deng et al. report that PAF activates the canonical NLRP3 inflammasome independently of its receptor PAFR. The role of lipids in inflammasome activation remains underappreciated. The phospholipid, platelet-activating factor (PAF), exerts multiple physiological functions by binding to a G protein–coupled seven-transmembrane receptor (PAFR). PAF is associated with a number of inflammatory disorders, yet the molecular mechanism underlying its proinflammatory function remains to be fully elucidated. We show that multiple PAF isoforms and PAF-like lipids can activate the inflammasome, resulting in IL-1β and IL-18 maturation. This is dependent on NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, and NEK7, but not on NLRC4, NLRP1, NLRP6, AIM2, caspase-11, or GSDMD. Inflammasome activation by PAF also requires potassium efflux and calcium influx but not lysosomal cathepsin or mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. PAF exacerbates peritonitis partly through inflammasome activation, but PAFR is dispensable for PAF-induced inflammasome activation in vivo or in vitro. These findings reveal that PAF represents a damage-associated signal that activates the canonical inflammasome independently of PAFR and provides an explanation for the ineffectiveness of PAFR antagonist in blocking PAF-mediated inflammation in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Deng
- Oral and Craniofacial Biomedicine PhD Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Haitao Guo
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jason W Tam
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Brandon M Johnson
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - W June Brickey
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - James S New
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Austin Lenox
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Hexin Shi
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Douglas T Golenbock
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Beverly H Koller
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Karen P McKinnon
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Bruce Beutler
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Jenny P-Y Ting
- Oral and Craniofacial Biomedicine PhD Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC .,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Guo L, Rondina MT. The Era of Thromboinflammation: Platelets Are Dynamic Sensors and Effector Cells During Infectious Diseases. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2204. [PMID: 31572400 PMCID: PMC6753373 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are anucleate cells produced by megakaryocytes. In recent years, a robust body of literature supports the evolving role of platelets as key sentinel and effector cells in infectious diseases, especially critical in bridging hemostatic, inflammatory, and immune continuums. Upon intravascular pathogen invasion, platelets can directly sense viral, parasitic, and bacterial infections through pattern recognition receptors and integrin receptors or pathogen: immunoglobulin complexes through Fc and complement receptors—although our understanding of these interactions remains incomplete. Constantly scanning for areas of injury or inflammation as they circulate in the vasculature, platelets also indirectly respond to pathogen invasion through interactions with leukocytes and the endothelium. Following antigen recognition, platelets often become activated. Through a diverse repertoire of mechanisms, activated platelets can directly sequester or kill pathogens, or facilitate pathogen clearance by activating macrophages and neutrophils, promoting neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation, forming platelet aggregates and microthrombi. At times, however, platelet activation may also be injurious to the host, exacerbating inflammation and promoting endothelial damage and thrombosis. There are many gaps in our understandings of the role of platelets in infectious diseases. However, with the emergence of advanced technologies, our knowledge is increasing. In the current review, we mainly discuss these evolving roles of platelets under four different infectious pathogen infections, of which are dengue, malaria, Esterichia coli (E. coli) and staphylococcus aureus S. aureus, highlighting the complex interplay of these processes with hemostatic and thrombotic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Matthew T Rondina
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,George E. Wahlen VAMC Department of Internal Medicine and GRECC, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Muñoz-Cano RM, Casas-Saucedo R, Valero Santiago A, Bobolea I, Ribó P, Mullol J. Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF) in Allergic Rhinitis: Clinical and Therapeutic Implications. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091338. [PMID: 31470575 PMCID: PMC6780525 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a lipid mediator involved in several allergic reactions. It is released from multiple cells of the immune system, such as eosinophils, neutrophils, and mast cells, and also exerts its effect on most of them upon specific binding to its receptor, becoming a pleiotropic mediator. PAF is considered a potential relevant mediator in allergic rhinitis, with a key role in nasal congestion and rhinorrhoea due to its effect on vascular permeability. Interestingly, despite its potential relevance as a therapeutic target, no specific PAF inhibitors have been studied in humans. However, rupatadine, a second-generation antihistamine with dual antihistamine and anti-PAF effects has shown promising results by both blocking nasal symptoms and inhibiting mast cell activation induced by PAF, in comparison to antihistamine receptor drugs. In conclusion, the inhibition of PAF may be an interesting approach in the treatment of allergic rhinitis as part of a global strategy directed at blocking as many relevant inflammatory mediators as possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M Muñoz-Cano
- Allergy Section, Pheumology & Allergy Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, 08036 Catalonia, Spain.
- Clinical & Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, 08036 Catalonia, Spain.
- ARADyAL, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rocio Casas-Saucedo
- Allergy Section, Pheumology & Allergy Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, 08036 Catalonia, Spain
- Clinical & Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, 08036 Catalonia, Spain
- ARADyAL, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Valero Santiago
- Allergy Section, Pheumology & Allergy Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, 08036 Catalonia, Spain
- Clinical & Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, 08036 Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irina Bobolea
- Allergy Section, Pheumology & Allergy Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, 08036 Catalonia, Spain
- Clinical & Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, 08036 Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Ribó
- Allergy Section, Pheumology & Allergy Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, 08036 Catalonia, Spain
- Clinical & Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, 08036 Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquim Mullol
- Clinical & Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, 08036 Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Rhinology Unit & Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, 08036 Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kohira T, Kita Y, Tokuoka SM, Shiba M, Satake M, Shimizu T. Characterization of supported liquid extraction as a sample pretreatment method for eicosanoids and related metabolites in biological fluids. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1124:298-307. [PMID: 31260873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Sample pretreatment is an important process in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based quantitative lipidomics. Reversed-phase solid phase extraction (RP-SPE) has been widely used for analyzing various types of samples, including aqueous samples such as cell culture media, plasma, serum, urine, and other biological fluids. Because lipid mediators are often protein-bound, prior deproteinization is necessary for their effective recovery. Deproteinization is typically performed by the addition of organic solvents, which requires time-consuming evaporation-reconstitution, or dilution with aqueous solvents before RP-SPE; however, both of these approaches compromise the analytical performance. As a potential alternative, we attempted to utilize supported liquid extraction (SLE), an automation-compatible variant of liquid-liquid extraction, for the determination of eicosanoids and related metabolites in aqueous samples. We screened 81 different sample diluent-eluent conditions and found that the use of 0.1% formic acid-water as the diluent and 0.1% formic acid-methyl acetate as the eluent enabled the optimum recovery of a variety of eicosanoids, except for peptide leukotrienes. The optimized SLE method efficiently removed protein from human plasma, while phospholipids and neutral lipids were modestly recovered. Moreover, the proposed method exhibited a quantitative performance comparable to that of typical ordinary RP-SPE method in the analysis of human platelets stimulated with thrombin receptor-activating peptide 6. Thus, we propose SLE as an attractive option for rapid lipid mediator extraction from aqueous samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kohira
- Department of Lipidomics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Central Blood Institute, Japanese Red Cross Society, 2-1-67 Tatsumi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8521, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kita
- Department of Lipidomics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Life Sciences Core Facility, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Suzumi M Tokuoka
- Department of Lipidomics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shiba
- Central Blood Institute, Japanese Red Cross Society, 2-1-67 Tatsumi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8521, Japan
| | - Masahiro Satake
- Central Blood Institute, Japanese Red Cross Society, 2-1-67 Tatsumi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8521, Japan
| | - Takao Shimizu
- Department of Lipidomics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Lipid Signaling, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ulambayar B, Yang EM, Cha HY, Shin YS, Park HS, Ye YM. Increased platelet activating factor levels in chronic spontaneous urticaria predicts refractoriness to antihistamine treatment: an observational study. Clin Transl Allergy 2019; 9:33. [PMID: 31346408 PMCID: PMC6636088 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-019-0275-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Platelet activating factor (PAF) is an endogenous, active phospholipid released from inflammatory cells, platelets, and endothelial cells, and is involved in the regulation of immune responses. Degradation of PAF by PAF acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) has been shown to be associated with anaphylaxis, asthma, and peanut allergy. The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships among clinical parameters, including urticaria severity and treatment responsiveness, and PAF and PAF-AH levels in sera from patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). Methods Serum PAF and PAF-AH levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 283 CSU patients and 111 age- and sex-matched, healthy normal controls (NCs). Urticaria severity was evaluated by urticaria activity score over 7 days (UAS7). Within 3 months after measuring PAF levels, patients whose urticaria was not controlled by antihistamine treatment were classified as histamine receptor 1 antagonist (H1RA) non-responders. Results Serum PAF levels were significantly higher in CSU patients than in NCs (median 4368.9 vs. 3256.4 pg/ml, p = 0.015), while serum PAF-AH levels were significantly lower in CSU patients (105.6 vs. 125.7 ng/ml, p = 0.001). H1RA non-responders had higher levels of PAF in their sera than H1RA responders. A generalized linear model revealed that a higher UAS7 score (odds ratio 1.023, p = 0.024) and a PAF level ≥ 5000 pg/ml (1.409, p < 0.001) were significant predictors of a poor response to H1RA treatment. Conclusions Compared with NCs, CSU patients, particularly those with H1RA refractoriness, showed significant increases in serum PAF levels and decreases in PAF-AH. Therapies modulating PAF and PAF-AH levels could be effective in patients with CSU refractory to antihistamines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bastsetseg Ulambayar
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-721 Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Yang
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-721 Korea
| | - Hyun-Young Cha
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-721 Korea
| | - Yoo-Seob Shin
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-721 Korea
| | - Hae-Sim Park
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-721 Korea
| | - Young-Min Ye
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-721 Korea
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Jönsson F, de Chaisemartin L, Granger V, Gouel-Chéron A, Gillis CM, Zhu Q, Dib F, Nicaise-Roland P, Ganneau C, Hurtado-Nedelec M, Paugam-Burtz C, Necib S, Keita-Meyer H, Le Dorze M, Cholley B, Langeron O, Jacob L, Plaud B, Fischler M, Sauvan C, Guinnepain MT, Montravers P, Aubier M, Bay S, Neukirch C, Tubach F, Longrois D, Chollet-Martin S, Bruhns P. An IgG-induced neutrophil activation pathway contributes to human drug-induced anaphylaxis. Sci Transl Med 2019; 11:11/500/eaat1479. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aat1479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Anaphylaxis is a systemic acute hypersensitivity reaction that is considered to depend on allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies and histamine release by mast cells and basophils. Nevertheless, allergen-specific IgG antibodies have been proposed to contribute when the allergen is an abundant circulating large molecule, e.g., after infusions of therapeutic antibodies or dextran. Data from animal models demonstrate a pathway involving platelet-activating factor (PAF) release by monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils activated via their Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs). We hypothesized that such a pathway may also apply to small drugs and could be responsible for non–IgE-mediated anaphylaxis and influence anaphylaxis severity in humans. We prospectively conducted a multicentric study of 86 patients with suspected anaphylaxis to neuromuscular-blocking agents (NMBAs) during general anesthesia and 86 matched controls. We found that concentrations of anti-NMBA IgG and markers of FcγR activation, PAF release, and neutrophil activation correlated with anaphylaxis severity. Neutrophils underwent degranulation and NETosis early after anaphylaxis onset, and plasma-purified anti-NMBA IgG triggered neutrophil activation ex vivo in the presence of NMBA. Neutrophil activation could also be observed in patients lacking evidence of classical IgE-dependent anaphylaxis. This study supports the existence of an IgG-neutrophil pathway in human NMBA-induced anaphylaxis, which may aggravate anaphylaxis in combination with the IgE pathway or underlie anaphylaxis in the absence of specific IgE. These results reconcile clinical and experimental data on the role of antibody classes in anaphylaxis and could inform diagnostic approaches to NMBA-induced acute hypersensitivity reactions.
Collapse
|
30
|
Birkl D, Quiros M, García-Hernández V, Zhou DW, Brazil JC, Hilgarth R, Keeney J, Yulis M, Bruewer M, García AJ, O´Leary MN, Parkos CA, Nusrat A. TNFα promotes mucosal wound repair through enhanced platelet activating factor receptor signaling in the epithelium. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:909-918. [PMID: 30971752 PMCID: PMC6599476 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0150-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Pathobiology of several chronic inflammatory disorders, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease is related to intermittent, spontaneous injury/ulceration of mucosal surfaces. Disease morbidity has been associated with pathologic release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). In this report, we show that TNFα promotes intestinal mucosal repair through upregulation of the GPCR platelet activating factor receptor (PAFR) in the intestinal epithelium. Platelet activating factor (PAF) was increased in healing mucosal wounds and its engagement with epithelial PAFR leads to activation of epidermal growth factor receptor, Src and Rac1 signaling to promote wound closure. Consistent with these findings, delayed colonic mucosal repair was observed after administration of a neutralizing TNFα antibody and in mice lacking PAFR. These findings suggest that in the injured mucosa, the pro-inflammatory milieu containing TNFα and PAF sets the stage for reparative events mediated by PAFR signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Birkl
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Miguel Quiros
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Dennis W. Zhou
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Jennifer C. Brazil
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Roland Hilgarth
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Justin Keeney
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mark Yulis
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Matthias Bruewer
- Department of Surgery, St. Franziskus-Hospital Münster, 48145 Münster, Germany
| | - Andrés J. García
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA,Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Monique N. O´Leary
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Correspondence: Asma Nusrat, , Monique N. O’Leary,
| | - Charles A. Parkos
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Asma Nusrat
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Correspondence: Asma Nusrat, , Monique N. O’Leary,
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Understanding Platelets in Infectious and Allergic Lung Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071730. [PMID: 30965568 PMCID: PMC6480134 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that platelets, cytoplasmic fragments derived from megakaryocytes, can no longer be considered just as mediators in hemostasis and coagulation processes, but as key modulators of immunity. Platelets have received increasing attention as the emergence of new methodologies has allowed the characterization of their components and functions in the immune continuum. Platelet activation in infectious and allergic lung diseases has been well documented and associated with bacterial infections reproduced in several animal models of pulmonary bacterial infections. Direct interactions between platelets and bacteria have been associated with increased pulmonary platelet accumulation, whereas bacterial-derived toxins have also been reported to modulate platelet function. Recently, platelets have been found extravascular in the lungs of patients with asthma, and in animal models of allergic lung inflammation. Their ability to interact with immune and endothelial cells and secrete immune mediators makes them one attractive target for biomarker identification that will help characterize their contribution to lung diseases. Here, we present an original review of the last advances in the platelet field with a focus on the contribution of platelets to respiratory infections and allergic-mediated diseases.
Collapse
|
32
|
Mendelson CR, Gao L, Montalbano AP. Multifactorial Regulation of Myometrial Contractility During Pregnancy and Parturition. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:714. [PMID: 31708868 PMCID: PMC6823183 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The steroid hormones progesterone (P4) and estradiol-17β (E2), produced by the placenta in humans and the ovaries in rodents, serve crucial roles in the maintenance of pregnancy, and the initiation of parturition. Because of their critical importance for species survival, the mechanisms whereby P4 and its nuclear receptor (PR) maintain myometrial quiescence during pregnancy, and for the decline in P4/PR and increase in E2/estrogen receptor (ER) function leading to parturition, are multifaceted, cooperative, and redundant. These actions of P4/PR include: (1) PR interaction with proinflammatory transcription factors, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), and activating protein 1 (AP-1) bound to promoters of proinflammatory and contractile/contraction-associated protein (CAP) genes and recruitment of corepressors to inhibit NF-κB and AP-1 activation of gene expression; (2) upregulation of inhibitors of proinflammatory transcription factor activation (IκBα, MKP-1); (3) induction of transcriptional repressors of CAP genes (e.g., ZEB1). In rodents and most other mammals, circulating maternal P4 levels remain elevated throughout most of pregnancy and decline precipitously near term. By contrast, in humans, circulating P4 levels and myometrial PR levels remain elevated throughout pregnancy and into labor. However, even in rodents, wherein P4 levels decline near term, P4 levels remain higher than the Kd for PR binding. Thus, parturition is initiated in all species by a series of molecular events that antagonize the P4/PR maintenance of uterine quiescence. These events include: direct interaction of inflammatory transcription factors (e.g., NF-κB, AP-1) with PR; increased expression of P4 metabolizing enzymes; increased expression of truncated/inhibitory PR isoforms; altered expression of PR coactivators and corepressors. This article will review various mechanisms whereby P4 acting through PR isoforms maintains myometrial quiescence during pregnancy as well as those that underlie the decline in PR function leading to labor. The roles of P4- and E2-regulated miRNAs in the regulation and integration of these mechanisms will also be considered.
Collapse
|
33
|
Tomasiak-Łozowska MM, Klimek M, Lis A, Moniuszko M, Bodzenta-Łukaszyk A. Markers of anaphylaxis - a systematic review. Adv Med Sci 2018; 63:265-277. [PMID: 29486376 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Anaphylaxis is defined as severe, life-threatening, systemic or general, immediate reaction of hypersensitivity, with repeatable symptoms caused by the dose of stimulus which is well tolerated by healthy persons. The proper diagnosis, immediate treatment and differential diagnosis are crucial for saving patient's life. However, anaphylaxis is relatively frequently misdiagnosed or confused with other clinical entities. Thus, there is a continuous need for identifying detectable markers improving the proper diagnosis of anaphylaxis. Here we presented currently known markers of anaphylaxis and discussed in more detail the most clinically valuable ones: tryptase, platelet activacting factor (PAF), PAF-acethylhydrolase, histamine and its metabolites.
Collapse
|
34
|
Harrison KA, Romer E, Weyerbacher J, Ocana JA, Sahu RP, Murphy RC, Kelly LE, Smith TA, Rapp CM, Borchers C, Cool DR, Li G, Simman R, Travers JB. Enhanced Platelet-Activating Factor Synthesis Facilitates Acute and Delayed Effects of Ethanol-Intoxicated Thermal Burn Injury. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:2461-2469. [PMID: 29857067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Thermal burn injuries in patients who are alcohol-intoxicated result in greater morbidity and mortality. Murine models combining ethanol and localized thermal burn injury reproduce the systemic toxicity seen in human subjects, which consists of both acute systemic cytokine production with multiple organ dysfunction, as well as a delayed systemic immunosuppression. However, the exact mechanisms for these acute and delayed effects are unclear. These studies sought to define the role of the lipid mediator platelet-activating factor in the acute and delayed effects of intoxicated burn injury. Combining ethanol and thermal burn injury resulted in increased enzymatic platelet-activating factor generation in a keratinocyte cell line in vitro, human skin explants ex vivo, as well as in murine skin in vivo. Further, the acute increase in inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, and the systemic immunosuppressive effects of intoxicated thermal burn injury were suppressed in mice lacking platelet-activating factor receptors. Together, these studies provide a potential mechanism and treatment strategies for the augmented toxicity and immunosuppressive effects of thermal burn injury in the setting of acute ethanol exposure, which involves the pleotropic lipid mediator platelet-activating factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Harrison
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Eric Romer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Jonathan Weyerbacher
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jesus A Ocana
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Ravi P Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Robert C Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Lisa E Kelly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Townsend A Smith
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Christine M Rapp
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Christina Borchers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - David R Cool
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Gengxin Li
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Richard Simman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA; Department of Dermatology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Travers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA; Department of Dermatology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA; The Dayton VA Medical Center, Dayton, OH.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Thyagarajan A, Saylae J, Sahu RP. Acetylsalicylic acid inhibits the growth of melanoma tumors via SOX2-dependent-PAF-R-independent signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2018. [PMID: 28636992 PMCID: PMC5564820 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired resistance to standard therapies remains a serious challenge, requiring novel therapeutic approaches that incorporate potential factors involved in tumor resistance. As cancers including melanoma express inflammatory cyclooxygenases generating prostaglandins implicated in tumor growth, we investigated mechanism of anti-inflammatory drug, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) which has been shown to inhibit various tumor types, however, its effects against highly aggressive melanoma model are unclear. Given our reports that an activation of platelet-activating factor-receptor (PAF-R) augments the growth and impede efficacies of therapeutic agents in experimental melanoma, we also sought to determine if PAF-R mediates anti-melanoma activity of ASA. The current studies using stably PAF-R-positive (B16-PAFR) and negative (B16-MSCV) murine melanoma cells and PAF-R-expressing and deficient mice, demonstrate that ASA inhibits the in-vitro and in-vivo growth of highly aggressive B16F10 melanoma via bypassing tumoral or stromal PAF-R signaling. Similar ASA-induced effects in-vitro were seen in human melanoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells positive or negative in PAF-R. Mechanistically, the ASA-induced decrease in cell survival and increase in apoptosis were significantly blocked by prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2α) agonists. Importantly, PCR array and qRT-PCR analysis of B16-tumors revealed significant downregulation of sry-related high-mobility-box-2 (SOX2) oncogene by ASA treatment. Interestingly, modulation of SOX2 expression by PGF2α agonists and upregulation by fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF-1) rescued melanoma cells from ASA-induced decreased survival and increased apoptosis. Moreover, PGF2α-receptor antagonist, AL8810 mimics ASA-induced decreased melanoma cells survival which was significantly blocked by PGF2α and FGF-1. These findings indicate that ASA inhibits the growth of aggressive melanoma via SOX2-dependent-PAF-R-indepedent pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Thyagarajan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Jeremiah Saylae
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Ravi P Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Platelets release pathogenic serotonin and return to circulation after immune complex-mediated sequestration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E1550-E1559. [PMID: 29386381 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1720553115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing appreciation for the contribution of platelets to immunity; however, our knowledge mostly relies on platelet functions associated with vascular injury and the prevention of bleeding. Circulating immune complexes (ICs) contribute to both chronic and acute inflammation in a multitude of clinical conditions. Herein, we scrutinized platelet responses to systemic ICs in the absence of tissue and endothelial wall injury. Platelet activation by circulating ICs through a mechanism requiring expression of platelet Fcγ receptor IIA resulted in the induction of systemic shock. IC-driven shock was dependent on release of serotonin from platelet-dense granules secondary to platelet outside-in signaling by αIIbβ3 and its ligand fibrinogen. While activated platelets sequestered in the lungs and leaky vasculature of the blood-brain barrier, platelets also sequestered in the absence of shock in mice lacking peripheral serotonin. Unexpectedly, platelets returned to the blood circulation with emptied granules and were thereby ineffective at promoting subsequent systemic shock, although they still underwent sequestration. We propose that in response to circulating ICs, platelets are a crucial mediator of the inflammatory response highly relevant to sepsis, viremia, and anaphylaxis. In addition, platelets recirculate after degranulation and sequestration, demonstrating that in adaptive immunity implicating antibody responses, activated platelets are longer lived than anticipated and may explain platelet count fluctuations in IC-driven diseases.
Collapse
|
37
|
Sahu RP, Harrison KA, Weyerbacher J, Murphy RC, Konger RL, Garrett JE, Chin-Sinex HJ, Johnston ME, Dynlacht JR, Mendonca M, McMullen K, Li G, Spandau DF, Travers JB. Radiation therapy generates platelet-activating factor agonists. Oncotarget 2018; 7:20788-800. [PMID: 26959112 PMCID: PMC4991492 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pro-oxidative stressors can suppress host immunity due to their ability to generate oxidized lipid agonists of the platelet-activating factor-receptor (PAF-R). As radiation therapy also induces reactive oxygen species, the present studies were designed to define whether ionizing radiation could generate PAF-R agonists and if these lipids could subvert host immunity. We demonstrate that radiation exposure of multiple tumor cell lines in-vitro, tumors in-vivo, and human subjects undergoing radiation therapy for skin tumors all generate PAF-R agonists. Structural characterization of radiation-induced PAF-R agonistic activity revealed PAF and multiple oxidized glycerophosphocholines that are produced non-enzymatically. In a murine melanoma tumor model, irradiation of one tumor augmented the growth of the other (non-treated) tumor in a PAF-R-dependent process blocked by a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor. These results indicate a novel pathway by which PAF-R agonists produced as a byproduct of radiation therapy could result in tumor treatment failure, and offer important insights into potential therapeutic strategies that could improve the overall antitumor effectiveness of radiation therapy regimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi P Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Kathleen A Harrison
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jonathan Weyerbacher
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Robert C Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Raymond L Konger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Joy Elizabeth Garrett
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Helen Jan Chin-Sinex
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Joseph R Dynlacht
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Marc Mendonca
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kevin McMullen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Gengxin Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Dan F Spandau
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Travers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,The Dayton V.A. Medical Center, Dayton, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Modulation of Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAM) Phenotype by Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF) Receptor. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:5482768. [PMID: 29445756 PMCID: PMC5763242 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5482768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor (PAF) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of several types of tumors. The biological effects of PAF are mediated by the PAF receptor (PAFR), which can be expressed by tumor cells and host cells that infiltrate the tumor microenvironment. In the present study, we investigated the role of PAFR expressed by leukocytes that infiltrate two types of tumors, one that expresses PAFR (TC-1 carcinoma) and another that does not express the receptor (B16F10 melanoma) implanted in mice that express the receptor or not (PAFR KO). It was found that both tumors grew significantly less in PAFR KO than in wild-type (WT) mice. Analysis of the leukocyte infiltration shown in PAFR KO increased the frequency of neutrophils (Gr1+) and of CD8+ lymphocytes in B16F10 tumors and of CD4+ lymphocytes in TC-1 tumors. PAFR KO also had a higher frequency of M1-like (CD11c+) and lower M2-like (CD206+) macrophages infiltrated in both tumors. This was confirmed in macrophages isolated from the tumors that showed higher iNOS, lower arginase activity, and lower IL10 expression in PAFR KO tumors than WT mice. These data suggest that in the tumor microenvironment, endogenous PAF-like activity molecules bind PAFR in macrophages which acquire an M2-like profile and this promotes tumor growth.
Collapse
|
39
|
Garrido D, Chanteloup NK, Trotereau A, Lion A, Bailleul G, Esnault E, Trapp S, Quéré P, Schouler C, Guabiraba R. Characterization of the Phospholipid Platelet-Activating Factor As a Mediator of Inflammation in Chickens. Front Vet Sci 2017; 4:226. [PMID: 29326957 PMCID: PMC5741692 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid mediators are known to play important roles in the onset and resolution phases of the inflammatory response in mammals. The phospholipid platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a pro-inflammatory lipid mediator which participates in vascular- and innate immunity-associated processes by increasing vascular permeability, by facilitating leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium, and by contributing to phagocyte activation. PAF exerts its function upon binding to its specific receptor, PAF receptor (PAFR), which is abundantly expressed in leukocytes and endothelial cells (ECs). In chickens, lipid mediators and their functions are still poorly characterized, and the role of PAF as an inflammatory mediator has not yet been investigated. In the present study we demonstrate that primary chicken macrophages express PAFR and lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 2 (LPCAT2), the latter being essential to PAF biosynthesis during inflammation. Also, exogenous PAF treatment induces intracellular calcium increase, reactive oxygen species release, and increased phagocytosis by primary chicken macrophages in a PAFR-dependent manner. We also show that PAF contributes to the Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pro-inflammatory response and boosts the macrophage response to E. coli LPS via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt- and calmodulin kinase II-mediated intracellular signaling pathways. Exogenous PAF treatment also increases avian pathogenic E. coli intracellular killing by chicken macrophages, and PAFR and LPCAT2 are upregulated in chicken lungs and liver during experimental pulmonary colibacillosis. Finally, exogenous PAF treatment increases cell permeability and upregulates the expression of genes coding for proteins involved in leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium in primary chicken endothelial cells (chAEC). In addition to these vascular phenomena, PAF boosts the chAEC inflammatory response to bacteria-associated molecular patterns in a PAFR-dependent manner. In conclusion, we identified PAF as an inflammation amplifier in chicken macrophages and ECs, which suggests that PAF could play important roles in the endothelium-innate immunity interface in birds during major bacterial infectious diseases such as colibacillosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damien Garrido
- ISP, INRA, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | | | | | - Adrien Lion
- ISP, INRA, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Evelyne Esnault
- ISP, INRA, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Sascha Trapp
- ISP, INRA, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascale Quéré
- ISP, INRA, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Blockade of platelet-activating factor receptor attenuates abnormal behaviors induced by phencyclidine in mice through down-regulation of NF-κB. Brain Res Bull 2017; 137:71-78. [PMID: 29122692 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that neuroinflammation is one of the important etiologic factors of abusive and neuropsychiatric disorders. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is potent proinflammatory lipid mediat1or and plays a pivotal role in neuroinflammatory disorders through the specific PAF receptor (PAF-R). Phencyclidine (PCP) induces a psychotomimetic state that closely resembles schizophrenia. Here, we investigated the role of PAF-R in the abnormal behaviors induced by PCP in mice. Repeated treatment with PCP resulted in a significant increase in PAF-R gene expression in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and in the hippocampus. This increase was more pronounced in the PFC than hippocampus. Treatment with PCP resulted in a significant increase in nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) p65 and DNA binding activity, indicating that the proinflammatory molecule NF-κB was increased through up-regulation of PAF-R. Consistently, NF-κB activation was significantly protected by the PAF-R antagonist, ginkgolide B (Gink B), in PAF-R knockout mice and by the NF-κB inhibitor, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC). In addition, PCP-induced abnormal behaviors (i.e., reduced sociability, depression, cognitive impairment, and behavioral sensitization) were significantly attenuated by Gink B, in PAF-R knockout mice, and by PDTC. Importantly, PDTC did not significantly alter the attenuations observed in Gink B-treated mice or PAF-R knockout mice, indicating that NF-κB is a critical target for neuropsychotoxic modulation of PAF-R. Therefore, the results suggest that PAF-R mediates PCP-induced neuropsychotoxicity via a NF-κB-dependent mechanism, and that up-regulation of PAF-R may be associated with schizophrenia-like behavior in animal models.
Collapse
|
41
|
The importance of blood platelet lipid signaling in thrombosis and in sepsis. Adv Biol Regul 2017; 67:66-73. [PMID: 28993230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Blood platelets are the first line of defense against hemorrhages and are also strongly involved in the processes of arterial thrombosis, a leading cause of death worldwide. Besides their well-established roles in hemostasis, vascular wall repair and thrombosis, platelets are now recognized as important players in other processes such as inflammation, healing, lymphangiogenesis, neoangiogenesis or cancer. Evidence is accumulating they are key effector cells in immune and inflammatory responses to host infection. To perform their different functions platelets express a wide variety of membrane receptors triggering specific intracellular signaling pathways and largely use lipid signaling systems. Lipid metabolism is highly active in stimulated platelets including the phosphoinositide metabolism with the phospholipase C (PLC) and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways but also other enzymatic systems producing phosphatidic acid, lysophosphatidic acid, platelet activating factor, sphingosine 1-phosphate and a number of eicosanoids. While several of these bioactive lipids regulate intracellular platelet signaling mechanisms others are released by activated platelets acting as autocrine and/or paracrine factors modulating neighboring cells such as endothelial and immune cells. These bioactive lipids have been shown to play important roles in hemostasis and thrombosis but also in vessel integrity and dynamics, inflammation, tissue remodeling and wound healing. In this review, we will discuss some important aspects of platelet lipid signaling in thrombosis and during sepsis that is an important cause of death in intensive care unit. We will particularly focus on the implication of the different isoforms of PI3Ks and on the generation of eicosanoids released by activated platelets.
Collapse
|
42
|
Dorninger F, Forss-Petter S, Berger J. From peroxisomal disorders to common neurodegenerative diseases - the role of ether phospholipids in the nervous system. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:2761-2788. [PMID: 28796901 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The emerging diverse roles of ether (phospho)lipids in nervous system development and function in health and disease are currently attracting growing interest. Plasmalogens, a subgroup of ether lipids, are important membrane components involved in vesicle fusion and membrane raft composition. They store polyunsaturated fatty acids and may serve as antioxidants. Ether lipid metabolites act as precursors for the formation of glycosyl-phosphatidyl-inositol anchors; others, like platelet-activating factor, are implicated in signaling functions. Consolidating the available information, we attempt to provide molecular explanations for the dramatic neurological phenotype in ether lipid-deficient human patients and mice by linking individual functional properties of ether lipids with pathological features. Furthermore, recent publications have identified altered ether lipid levels in the context of many acquired neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and autism. Finally, current efforts to restore ether lipids in peroxisomal disorders as well as AD are critically reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Dorninger
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Forss-Petter
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Berger
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Reber LL, Hernandez JD, Galli SJ. The pathophysiology of anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 140:335-348. [PMID: 28780941 PMCID: PMC5657389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Anaphylaxis is a severe systemic hypersensitivity reaction that is rapid in onset; characterized by life-threatening airway, breathing, and/or circulatory problems; and usually associated with skin and mucosal changes. Because it can be triggered in some persons by minute amounts of antigen (eg, certain foods or single insect stings), anaphylaxis can be considered the most aberrant example of an imbalance between the cost and benefit of an immune response. This review will describe current understanding of the immunopathogenesis and pathophysiology of anaphylaxis, focusing on the roles of IgE and IgG antibodies, immune effector cells, and mediators thought to contribute to examples of the disorder. Evidence from studies of anaphylaxis in human subjects will be discussed, as well as insights gained from analyses of animal models, including mice genetically deficient in the antibodies, antibody receptors, effector cells, or mediators implicated in anaphylaxis and mice that have been "humanized" for some of these elements. We also review possible host factors that might influence the occurrence or severity of anaphylaxis. Finally, we will speculate about anaphylaxis from an evolutionary perspective and argue that, in the context of severe envenomation by arthropods or reptiles, anaphylaxis might even provide a survival advantage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent L Reber
- Department of Immunology, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Joseph D Hernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Stephen J Galli
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Patel PS, Kearney JF. CD36 and Platelet-Activating Factor Receptor Promote House Dust Mite Allergy Development. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:1184-1195. [PMID: 28667161 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Over 89% of asthmatic children in underdeveloped countries demonstrate sensitivity to house dust mites (HDMs). The allergic response to HDMs is partially mediated by epithelial cell-derived cytokines that activate group 2 innate lymphoid cells, induce migration and activation of dendritic cells, and promote effector differentiation of HDM-specific TH2 cells. However, the contribution of innate receptor engagement on epithelial or dendritic cells by HDMs that ultimately mediates said innate and adaptive allergic responses is poorly understood. We and other investigators have demonstrated that HDMs express phosphorylcholine (PC) moieties. The major PC receptors involved in immune responses include CD36 and platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR). Because CD36 and PAFR are expressed by epithelial cells and dendritic cells, and expression of these receptors is higher in human asthmatics, we determined whether engagement of CD36 or PAFR on epithelial or dendritic cells contributes to HDM allergy development. Testing bone marrow chimeric mice revealed that CD36 engagement on radioresistant cells and PAFR engagement on radioresistant and radiosensitive cells in the lung promote allergic responses to HDMs. Additionally, passive anti-PC IgM Abs administered intratracheally with HDMs decreased allergen uptake by epithelial cells and APCs in the lungs of C57BL/6 mice but not CD36-/- or PAFR-/- mice. These results show that CD36 and PAFR are important mediators of HDM allergy development and that inhibiting HDM engagement with PC receptors in the lung protects against allergic airway disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Preeyam S Patel
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - John F Kearney
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Hellman KM, Yu PY, Oladosu FA, Segel C, Han A, Prasad PV, Jilling T, Tu FF. The Effects of Platelet-Activating Factor on Uterine Contractility, Perfusion, Hypoxia, and Pain in Mice. Reprod Sci 2017. [PMID: 28631554 DOI: 10.1177/1933719117715122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It is widely hypothesized that menstrual pain is triggered by prostaglandin synthesis that evokes high-pressure uterine contractions and ischemia. However, the effects of molecules implicated in menstrual pain on uterine contractility, perfusion, and oxygenation in vivo have been rarely demonstrated. Studies in women that do not respond to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have reported elevated levels of platelet-activating factor (PAF). To establish in vivo evidence of PAF's capability to impair uterine homeostasis and to elicit visceral pain, we examined the effects of the PAF receptor agonist (carbamyl PAF [CPAF]) in comparison to other molecules hypothesized to play a role in uterine pain in mice. Uterine pressure was increased by oxytocin, prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), and CPAF. Even in the absence of inflammatory molecules, uterine contractions reduced uterine oxygenation by 38%. CPAF reduced uterine perfusion by 40% ± 8% and elicited further oxygen desaturation approaching hypoxia (9.4 ± 3.4 mm Hg Pao2). Intraperitoneal injections of CPAF and PGF2α evoked visceral pain and pelvic hyperalgesia in awake wild-type mice. However, pain was not observed in identically injected PAF-receptor knockout mice. Thus, our model provides a demonstration that a molecule implicated in NSAID-resistant dysmenorrhea has a detrimental effect on uterine homeostasis and is capable of causing visceral pain. Our results support the general hypothesis that menstrual cramps are caused by uterine contractions, impaired perfusion, and reduced oxygenation. Since this study was limited to mice, confirmation of these results in humans would be valuable for development of novel therapeutics targeted at inflammatory precursors, contractility, perfusion, and tissue oxygenation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Hellman
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
- 2 Deptartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peter Y Yu
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Folabomi A Oladosu
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
- 2 Deptartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chaya Segel
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Alice Han
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Pottumarthi V Prasad
- 3 Department of Radiology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Tamas Jilling
- 4 Department of Pediatrics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Frank F Tu
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
- 2 Deptartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Mendelson CR, Montalbano AP, Gao L. Fetal-to-maternal signaling in the timing of birth. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 170:19-27. [PMID: 27629593 PMCID: PMC5346347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth remains the major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality throughout the world. This is due, in part, to our incomplete understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the maintenance of pregnancy and the initiation of parturition at term. In this article, we review our current knowledge of the complex, interrelated and concerted mechanisms whereby progesterone maintains myometrial quiescence throughout most of pregnancy, as well as those that mediate the upregulation of the inflammatory response and decline in progesterone receptor function leading to parturition. Herein, we review findings that demonstrate a role of the fetus in the timing of birth. Specifically, we focus on our own studies indicating that maturation of the fetal lung and enhanced secretion of the surfactant components, surfactant protein A (SP-A) and the potent inflammatory glycerophospholipid, platelet-activating factor (PAF), initiate a signaling cascade culminating in parturition. Our studies suggest an essential role of steroid receptor coactivators, SRC-1 and SRC-2, which activate expression of genes encoding SP-A and LPCAT1. LPCAT1 is a key enzyme in the synthesis of PAF, as well as DPPC, a highly surface-active glycerophospholipid component of surfactant. Thus, we describe a novel pathway through which the fetus contributes to the initiation of labor by signaling the mother when its lungs have achieved sufficient maturity for survival in an aerobic environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carole R Mendelson
- Departments of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, USA; Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Alina P Montalbano
- Departments of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lu Gao
- Departments of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ma X, Xiaokaiti Y, Lei H, Liu W, Xu J, Sun Y, Zhao X, Pu X, Zhai S. Epinephrine inhibits vascular hyperpermeability during platelet-activating factor- or ovalbumin-induced anaphylaxis. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra09268g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor (PAF) has been shown to play a critical role in mediating vascular hyperpermeability during anaphylaxis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ma
- Department of Pharmacy
- Peking University Third Hospital
- Beijing
- China
| | - Yilixiati Xiaokaiti
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- Peking University
- Beijing
- China
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science
| | - Hui Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- Peking University
- Beijing
- China
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pharmacy
- Peking University Third Hospital
- Beijing
- China
| | - Jiamin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- Peking University
- Beijing
- China
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology
| | - Yi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- Peking University
- Beijing
- China
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology
| | - Xin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- Peking University
- Beijing
- China
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology
| | - Xiaoping Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- Peking University
- Beijing
- China
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology
| | - Suodi Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy
- Peking University Third Hospital
- Beijing
- China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Boosting Adaptive Immunity: A New Role for PAFR Antagonists. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39146. [PMID: 27966635 PMCID: PMC5155422 DOI: 10.1038/srep39146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that the Platelet-Activating Factor Receptor (PAFR) engagement in murine macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) promotes a tolerogenic phenotype reversed by PAFR-antagonists treatment in vitro. Here, we investigated whether a PAFR antagonist would modulate the immune response in vivo. Mice were subcutaneously injected with OVA or OVA with PAFR-antagonist WEB2170 on days 0 and 7. On day 14, OVA–specific IgG2a and IgG1 were measured in the serum. The presence of WEB2170 during immunization significantly increased IgG2a without affecting IgG1 levels. When WEB2170 was added to OVA in complete Freund’s adjuvant, enhanced IgG2a but not IgG1 production was also observed, and CD4+ FoxP3+ T cell frequency in the spleen was reduced compared to mice immunized without the antagonist. Similar results were observed in PAFR-deficient mice, along with increased Tbet mRNA expression in the spleen. Additionally, bone marrow-derived DCs loaded with OVA were transferred into naïve mice and their splenocytes were co-cultured with fresh OVA-loaded DCs. CD4+ T cell proliferation was higher in the group transferred with DCs treated with the PAFR-antagonist. We propose that the activation of PAFR by ligands present in the site of immunization is able to fine-tune the adaptive immune response.
Collapse
|
49
|
Vadas P. The platelet-activating factor pathway in food allergy and anaphylaxis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2016; 117:455-457. [PMID: 27788869 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Vadas
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, St. Michael's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Eilertsen KE, Østerud B. The central role of thromboxane and platelet activating factor receptors in ex vivo regulation of endotoxin-induced monocyte tissue factor activity in human whole blood. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/09680519020080040501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Expression of tissue factor (TF) by activated monocytes may initiate thrombotic episodes associated with diseases, such as thrombosis and atherosclerosis. In this study, steps in the regulatory pathways of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced monocyte TF activity and released TNF-α in human whole blood were probed for using an array of inhibitors, comprising specific inhibitors of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (PLA2) (AACOCF3), secretory PLA (SB-203347), protein kinase (PK) (staurosporine), PKC (GF109203; BIM), and serine protease (Pefabloc SC), antagonists of thromboxane prostanoid (TP) receptor (R) (SQ-29548), platelet activating factor (PAF) R (BN-52021), leukotriene B4 R (SC-41930), serotonin R (cyproheptadine), fibronectin/fibrinogen R (RGDS), and finally, creatine phosphate/creatine phosphokinase (CP/CPK) which removes ADP. Whereas when added alone neither of these agents significantly inhibited LPS-induced TF or TNF-α, when presented as a reference cocktail comprising all the agents, TF activity and TNF-α were reduced by 77% and 49%, respectively. By subsequently testing a series of incomplete inhibitory cocktails equal to the reference except for deleted single agents or combinations of two or three active agents, the inhibitory effect of the reference cocktail could be shown to depend on the presence of the protease inhibitor and the thromboxane A2 and PAF antagonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Erik Eilertsen
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway,
| | - Bjarne Østerud
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|