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Alkafaas SS, Khedr SA, ElKafas SS, Hafez W, Loutfy SA, Sakran M, Janković N. Targeting JNK kinase inhibitors via molecular docking: A promising strategy to address tumorigenesis and drug resistance. Bioorg Chem 2024; 153:107776. [PMID: 39276490 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Among members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) are vital for cellular responses to stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Recent advances have highlighted their important implications in cancer biology, where dysregulated JNK signalling plays a role in the growth, progression, and metastasis of tumors. The present understanding of JNK kinase and its function in the etiology of cancer is summarized in this review. By modifying a number of downstream targets, such as transcription factors, apoptotic regulators, and cell cycle proteins, JNKs exert diverse effects on cancer cells. Apoptosis avoidance, cell survival, and proliferation are all promoted by abnormal JNK activation in many types of cancer, which leads to tumor growth and resistance to treatment. JNKs also affect the tumour microenvironment by controlling the generation of inflammatory cytokines, angiogenesis, and immune cell activity. However, challenges remain in deciphering the context-specific roles of JNK isoforms and their intricate crosstalk with other signalling pathways within the complex tumor environment. Further research is warranted to delineate the precise mechanisms underlying JNK-mediated tumorigenesis and to develop tailored therapeutic strategies targeting JNK signalling to improve cancer management. The review emphasizes the role of JNK kinases in cancer biology, as well as their potential as pharmaceutical targets for precision oncology therapy and cancer resistance. Also, this review summarizes all the available promising JNK inhibitors that are suggested to promote the responsiveness of cancer cells to cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Sami Alkafaas
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Sohila A Khedr
- Industrial Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31733, Egypt
| | - Sara Samy ElKafas
- Production Engineering and Mechanical Design Department, Faculty of Engineering, Menofia University, Menofia, Egypt; Faculty of Control System and Robotics, ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Wael Hafez
- NMC Royal Hospital, 16th St - Khalifa City - SE-4 - Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, The National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St, Ad Doqi, Dokki, Cairo Governorate 12622, Egypt
| | - Samah A Loutfy
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Sakran
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nenad Janković
- Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, Department of Science, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
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Naskar S, Sriraman N, Sarkar A, Mahajan N, Sarkar K. Tumor antigen presentation and the associated signal transduction during carcinogenesis. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 261:155485. [PMID: 39088877 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Numerous developments have been achieved in the study and treatment of cancer throughout the decades that it has been common. After decades of research, about 100 different kinds of cancer have been found, each with unique subgroups within certain organs. This has significantly expanded our understanding of the illness. A mix of genetic, environmental, and behavioral variables contribute to the complicated and diverse process of cancer formation. Mutations, or changes in the DNA sequence, are crucial to the development of cancer. These mutations have the ability to downregulate the expression and function of Major Histocompatibility Complex class I (MHC I) and MHCII receptors, as well as activate oncogenes and inactivate tumor suppressor genes. Cancer cells use this tactic to avoid being recognized by cytotoxic CD8+T lymphocytes, which causes issues with antigen presentation and processing. This review goes into great length into the PI3K pathway, changes to MHC I, and positive impacts of tsMHC-II on disease-free survival and overall survival and the involvement of dendritic cells (DCs) in different tumor microenvironments. The vital functions that the PI3K pathway and its link to the mTOR pathway are highlighted and difficulties in developing effective cancer targeted therapies and feedback systems has also been mentioned, where resistance mechanisms include RAS-mediated oncogenic changes and active PI3K signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohom Naskar
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Nawaneetan Sriraman
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Ankita Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Nitika Mahajan
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Koustav Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India.
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Andriamboavonjy L, MacDonald A, Hamilton LK, Labrecque M, Boivin MN, Karamchandani J, Stratton JA, Tetreault M. Comparative analysis of methods to reduce activation signature gene expression in PBMCs. Sci Rep 2023; 13:23086. [PMID: 38155174 PMCID: PMC10754832 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49611-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Preserving the in vivo cell transcriptome is essential for accurate profiling, yet factors during cell isolation including time ex vivo and temperature induce artifactual gene expression, particularly in stress-responsive immune cells. In this study, we investigated two methods to mitigate ex vivo activation signature gene (ASG) expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs): transcription and translation inhibitors (TTis) and cold temperatures during isolation. Comparative analysis of PBMCs isolated with TTis revealed reduced ASG expression. However, TTi treatment impaired responsiveness to LPS stimulation in subsequent in vitro experiments. In contrast, cold isolation methods also prevented ASG expression; up to a point where the addition of TTis during cold isolation offered minimal additional advantage. These findings highlight the importance of considering the advantages and drawbacks of different isolation methods to ensure accurate interpretation of PBMC transcriptomic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovatiana Andriamboavonjy
- Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Adam MacDonald
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Laura K Hamilton
- Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marjorie Labrecque
- Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marie-Noёlle Boivin
- C-BIG Repository (C-BIG), Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jason Karamchandani
- C-BIG Repository (C-BIG), Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jo Anne Stratton
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA.
| | - Martine Tetreault
- Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
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4
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McCallion O, Bilici M, Hester J, Issa F. Regulatory T-cell therapy approaches. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 211:96-107. [PMID: 35960852 PMCID: PMC10019137 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have enormous therapeutic potential to treat a variety of immunopathologies characterized by aberrant immune activation. Adoptive transfer of ex vivo expanded autologous Tregs continues to progress through mid- to late-phase clinical trials in several disease spaces and has generated promising preliminary safety and efficacy signals to date. However, the practicalities of this strategy outside of the clinical trial setting remain challenging. Here, we review the current landscape of regulatory T-cell therapy, considering emergent approaches and technologies presenting novel ways to engage Tregs, and reflect on the progress necessary to deliver their therapeutic potential to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver McCallion
- Translational Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Merve Bilici
- Translational Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Joanna Hester
- Translational Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fadi Issa
- Correspondence. Fadi Issa, Translational Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
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Širvinskas D, Omrani O, Lu J, Rasa M, Krepelova A, Adam L, Kaeppel S, Sommer F, Neri F. Single-cell atlas of the aging mouse colon. iScience 2022; 25:104202. [PMID: 35479413 PMCID: PMC9035718 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed massive single-cell sequencing in the aging mouse colonic epithelium and immune cells. We identified novel compartment-specific markers as well as dramatic aging-associated changes in cell composition and signaling pathways, including a shift from absorptive to secretory epithelial cells, depletion of naive lymphocytes, and induction of eIF2 signaling. Colon cancer is one of the leading causes of death within the western world, incidence of which increases with age. The colonic epithelium is a rapidly renewing tissue, tasked with water and nutrient absorption, as well as hosting intestinal microbes. The colonic submucosa is populated with immune cells interacting with and regulating the epithelial cells. However, it is unknown whether compartment-specific changes occur during aging and what impact this would cause. We show that both epithelial and immune cells differ significantly between colonic compartments and experience significant age-related changes in mice. We found a shift in the absorptive-secretory cell balance, possibly linked to age-associated intestinal disturbances, such as malabsorption. We demonstrate marked changes in aging immune cells: population shifts and interactions with epithelial cells, linking cytokines (Ifn-γ, Il1B) with the aging of colonic epithelium. Our results provide new insights into the normal and age-associated states of the colon. Mouse colon shows compartment-specific transcriptional and population differences Old animal colon switches to a pro-inflammatory state Changes in epithelium linked to changes in tissue-resident immune cells
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Omid Omrani
- Institute on Aging Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jing Lu
- Institute on Aging Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Mahdi Rasa
- Institute on Aging Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Anna Krepelova
- Institute on Aging Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Lisa Adam
- Institute on Aging Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Sandra Kaeppel
- Institute on Aging Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Felix Sommer
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Francesco Neri
- Institute on Aging Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
- Corresponding author
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6
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Shou X, Wang Y, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Duan C, Yang Y, Jia Q, Yuan G, Shi J, Shi S, Cui H, Hu Y. Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Analysis on Molecular Mechanism of Qingzi Zhitong Decoction in the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:727608. [PMID: 35237152 PMCID: PMC8883437 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.727608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a disease with complex pathological mechanisms. We explored the potential molecular mechanisms behind the therapeutic functions of Qingzi Zhitong decoction (QZZTD) in the treatment of UC by network pharmacology and molecular docking. QZZTD is a formula of Chinese traditional medicine consisting of 10 herbs. The potential active ingredients of QZZTD and their target genes were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform database, and UC-related target genes were obtained from GeneCards and OMIM databases. A total of 138 co-identified target genes were obtained by plotting the intersection target Venn diagram, and then the STRING database and Cytoscape software were used to establish protein-protein interaction networks and herb-ingredient-target networks. Four key active compounds and nine key proteins were identified. Then, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses showed that the biological functions of potential target genes were associated with DNA transcription, signaling receptor and ligand activity, cytokine activity, cellular autophagy, and antioxidant pathways, with related pathways involving the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt signaling pathway, advanced glycosylation end product (AGE)-RAGE signaling pathway, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway, and IL-17 signaling pathway. Moreover, the binding activities of key target genes and essential active compounds of Chinese herbal medicines in QZZTD were further validated by molecular docking. This demonstrated that quercetin, luteolin, hyndarin, and beta-sitosterol had good binding to eight key proteins, and Akt1 was the target protein with the best binding activity, suggesting that Akt1 could be the essential mediator responsible for signaling transduction after QZZTD administration. The rat experiment verified that QZZTD inhibited PI3K-Akt pathway activation and reduced inflammation in UC. In conclusion, our study suggested four potential key active components, including quercetin, were identified in QZZTD, which could interact with Akt1 and modulate the activation of the PI3K-Akt pathway. The other three pathways may also be involved in the signaling transduction induced by QZZTD in the treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintian Shou
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yumeng Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xuesong Zhang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanju Zhang
- National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Yang
- National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenglin Duan
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yihan Yang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiulei Jia
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guozhen Yuan
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuqing Shi
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hanming Cui
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanhui Hu
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
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7
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Yao J, Li S, Wang X. Identification of Breast Cancer Immune Subtypes by Analyzing Bulk Tumor and Single Cell Transcriptomes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:781848. [PMID: 35047498 PMCID: PMC8762338 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.781848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The histological and molecular classification of breast cancer (BC) is being used in the clinical management of this disease. However, subtyping of BC based on the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) remains insufficiently explored, although such investigation may provide new insights into intratumor heterogeneity in BC and potential clinical implications for BC immunotherapy. Methods: Based on the enrichment scores of 28 immune cell types, we performed clustering analysis of transcriptomic data to identify immune-specific subtypes of BC using six different datasets, including five bulk tumor datasets and one single-cell dataset. We further analyzed the molecular and clinical features of these subtypes. Results: Consistently in the six datasets, we identified three BC subtypes: BC-ImH, BC-ImM, and BC-ImL, which had high, medium, and low immune signature scores, respectively. BC-ImH displayed a significantly better survival prognosis than BC-ImL. Triple-negative BC (TNBC) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2-positive (HER2+) BC were likely to have the highest proportion in BC-ImH and the lowest proportion in BC-ImL. In contrast, hormone receptor-positive (HR+) BC had the highest proportion in BC-ImL and the lowest proportion in BC-ImH. Furthermore, BC-ImH had the highest tumor mutation burden (TMB) and predicted neoantigens, while BC-ImL had the highest somatic copy number alteration (SCNA) scores. It is consistent with that TMB and SCNA correlate positively and negatively with anti-tumor immune response, respectively. TP53 had the highest mutation rate in BC-ImH and the lowest mutation rate in BC-ImL, supporting that TP53 mutations promote anti-tumor immune response in BC. In contrast, PIK3CA displayed the highest mutation rate in BC-ImM, while GATA3 had the highest mutation rate in BC-ImL. Besides immune pathways, many oncogenic pathways were upregulated in BC-ImH, including ErbB, MAPK, VEGF, and Wnt signaling pathways; the activities of these pathways correlated positively with immune signature scores in BC. Conclusions: The tumors with the strong immune response (“hot” tumors) have better clinical outcomes than the tumors with the weak immune response (“cold” tumors) in BC. TNBC and HER2+ BC are more immunogenic, while HR + BC is less immunogenic. Certain HER2+ or HR + BC patients could be propitious to immunotherapy in addition to TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yao
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengwei Li
- Biomedical Informatics Research Lab, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Cancer Genomics Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Big Data Research Institute, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaosheng Wang
- Biomedical Informatics Research Lab, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Cancer Genomics Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Big Data Research Institute, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Shah K, Al-Haidari A, Sun J, Kazi JU. T cell receptor (TCR) signaling in health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:412. [PMID: 34897277 PMCID: PMC8666445 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00823-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interaction of the T cell receptor (TCR) with an MHC-antigenic peptide complex results in changes at the molecular and cellular levels in T cells. The outside environmental cues are translated into various signal transduction pathways within the cell, which mediate the activation of various genes with the help of specific transcription factors. These signaling networks propagate with the help of various effector enzymes, such as kinases, phosphatases, and phospholipases. Integration of these disparate signal transduction pathways is done with the help of adaptor proteins that are non-enzymatic in function and that serve as a scaffold for various protein-protein interactions. This process aids in connecting the proximal to distal signaling pathways, thereby contributing to the full activation of T cells. This review provides a comprehensive snapshot of the various molecules involved in regulating T cell receptor signaling, covering both enzymes and adaptors, and will discuss their role in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinjal Shah
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Amr Al-Haidari
- Clinical Genetics and Pathology, Skåne University Hospital, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden
- Clinical Sciences Department, Surgery Research Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jianmin Sun
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Science and Technology center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Julhash U Kazi
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Song D, Lyu H, Feng Q, Luo J, Li L, Wang X. Subtyping of head and neck squamous cell cancers based on immune signatures. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 99:108007. [PMID: 34332341 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) is one of the cancer types in which immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has achieved a certain success, only a subset of HNSCC patients respond to ICIs. Thus, identification of HNSCC subtypes responsive to ICIs is crucial. Using hierarchical clustering, we identified three subtypes of HNSCC, termed Immunity-H, Immunity-M, and Immunity-L, based on the enrichment scores of 28 immune cells generated by the single-sample gene-set enrichment analysis of transcriptome data. We demonstrated that this subtyping method was stable and producible in four different HNSCC cohorts. Immunity-H had the highest levels of immune infiltrates and PD-L1 expression, lowest levels of stemness, intratumor heterogeneity and genomic instability, and favorable prognosis. In contrast, Immunity-L had the lowest levels of immune infiltrates and PD-L1 expression, highest levels of stemness, intratumor heterogeneity and genomic instability, and unfavorable prognosis. We found that somatic copy number alteration had a significant negative association with anti-tumor immunity in HNSCC, while tumor mutation burden showed no significant association. TP53, COL11A1, NSD1, and PKHD1L1 were more frequently mutated in Immunity-H versus Immunity-L, and their mutations were associated with increased immune signatures in HNSCC. Besides immune-related pathways, many stromal and oncogenic pathways were highly enriched in Immunity-H, including cell adhesion molecules, focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction, calcium signaling, MAPK signaling, apoptosis, VEGF signaling, and PPAR signaling. The high levels of PD-L1 expression and immune infiltration in Immunity-H indicate that this subtype responds best to ICIs. Our study recaptures the immunological heterogeneity in HNSCC and provide clinical implications for the immunotherapy of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Song
- Biomedical Informatics Research Lab, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Cancer Genomics Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Big Data Research Institute, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Haoyu Lyu
- Biomedical Informatics Research Lab, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Cancer Genomics Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Big Data Research Institute, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Qiushi Feng
- Biomedical Informatics Research Lab, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Cancer Genomics Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Big Data Research Institute, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jiangti Luo
- Biomedical Informatics Research Lab, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Cancer Genomics Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Big Data Research Institute, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Lin Li
- Biomedical Informatics Research Lab, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Cancer Genomics Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Big Data Research Institute, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiaosheng Wang
- Biomedical Informatics Research Lab, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Cancer Genomics Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Big Data Research Institute, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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10
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Tam SY, Law HKW. JNK in Tumor Microenvironment: Present Findings and Challenges in Clinical Translation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092196. [PMID: 34063627 PMCID: PMC8124407 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Stress-activated c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) are members of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Apart from having both tumor promoting and tumor suppressing roles in cancers due to its impact on apoptosis and autophagy pathways, JNK also plays complex roles in the heterogeneous tumor microenvironment (TME) and is involved in different tumorigenesis pathways. The JNK pathway influences various stressful and chronic inflammatory conditions along with different cell populations in TME. In this review, we aim to present the current knowledge of JNK-mediated processes in TME and the challenges in clinical translation. Abstract The c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) are a group of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). JNK is mainly activated under stressful conditions or by inflammatory cytokines and has multiple downstream targets for mediating cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, apoptosis, and immune responses. JNK has been demonstrated to have both tumor promoting and tumor suppressing roles in different cancers depending on the focused pathway in each study. JNK also plays complex roles in the heterogeneous tumor microenvironment (TME). JNK is involved in different tumorigenesis pathways. TME closely relates with tumor development and consists of various stressful and chronic inflammatory conditions along with different cell populations, in which the JNK pathway may have various mediating roles. In this review, we aim to summarize the present knowledge of JNK-mediated processes in TME, including hypoxia, reactive oxygen species, inflammation, immune responses, angiogenesis, as well as the regulation of various cell populations within TME. This review also suggests future research directions for translating JNK modulation in pre-clinical findings to clinical benefits.
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11
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JNK signaling as a target for anticancer therapy. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:405-434. [PMID: 33710509 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00238-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The JNKs are members of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) which regulate many physiological processes including inflammatory responses, macrophages, cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and death. It is increasingly clear that the continuous activation of JNKs has a role in cancer development and progression. Therefore, JNKs represent attractive oncogenic targets for cancer therapy using small molecule kinase inhibitors. Studies showed that the two major JNK proteins JNK1 and JNK2 have opposite functions in different types of cancers, which need more specification in the design of JNK inhibitors. Some of ATP- competitive and ATP non-competitive inhibitors have been developed and widely used in vitro, but this type of inhibitors lack selectivity and inhibits phosphorylation of all JNK substrates and may lead to cellular toxicity. In this review, we summarized and discussed the strategies of JNK binding inhibitors and the role of JNK signaling in the pathogenesis of different solid and hematological malignancies.
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12
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Cicuéndez B, Ruiz-Garrido I, Mora A, Sabio G. Stress kinases in the development of liver steatosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Metab 2021; 50:101190. [PMID: 33588102 PMCID: PMC8324677 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an important component of metabolic syndrome and one of the most prevalent liver diseases worldwide. This disorder is closely linked to hepatic insulin resistance, lipotoxicity, and inflammation. Although the mechanisms that cause steatosis and chronic liver injury in NAFLD remain unclear, a key component of this process is the activation of stress-activated kinases (SAPKs), including p38 and JNK in the liver and immune system. This review summarizes findings which indicate that the dysregulation of stress kinases plays a fundamental role in the development of steatosis and are important players in inducing liver fibrosis. To avoid the development of steatohepatitis and liver cancer, SAPK activity must be tightly regulated not only in the hepatocytes but also in other tissues, including cells of the immune system. Possible cellular mechanisms of SAPK actions are discussed. Hepatic JNK triggers steatosis and insulin resistance, decreasing lipid oxidation and ketogenesis in HFD-fed mice. Decreased liver expression of p38α/β in HFD increases lipogenesis. Hepatic p38γ/δ drive insulin resistance and inhibit autophagy, which may lead to steatosis. Macrophage p38α/β promote cytokine production and M1 polarization, leading to lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. Myeloid p38γ/δ contribute to cytokine production and neutrophil migration, protecting against steatosis, diabetes and NAFLD. JNK1 and p38γ induce HCC while p38α blocks it. However, deletion of hepatic JNK1/2 induces cholangiocarcinoma. SAPK are potential therapeutic target for metabolic disorders, steatohepatitis and liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Cicuéndez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Ruiz-Garrido
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Mora
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Guadalupe Sabio
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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13
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Van Den Eeckhout B, Tavernier J, Gerlo S. Interleukin-1 as Innate Mediator of T Cell Immunity. Front Immunol 2021; 11:621931. [PMID: 33584721 PMCID: PMC7873566 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.621931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The three-signal paradigm tries to capture how the innate immune system instructs adaptive immune responses in three well-defined actions: (1) presentation of antigenic peptides in the context of MHC molecules, which allows for a specific T cell response; (2) T cell co-stimulation, which breaks T cell tolerance; and (3) secretion of polarizing cytokines in the priming environment, thereby specializing T cell immunity. The three-signal model provides an empirical framework for innate instruction of adaptive immunity, but mainly discusses STAT-dependent cytokines in T cell activation and differentiation, while the multi-faceted roles of type I IFNs and IL-1 cytokine superfamily members are often neglected. IL-1α and IL-1β are pro-inflammatory cytokines, produced following damage to the host (release of DAMPs) or upon innate recognition of PAMPs. IL-1 activity on both DCs and T cells can further shape the adaptive immune response with variable outcomes. IL-1 signaling in DCs promotes their ability to induce T cell activation, but also direct action of IL-1 on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, either alone or in synergy with prototypical polarizing cytokines, influences T cell differentiation under different conditions. The activities of IL-1 form a direct bridge between innate and adaptive immunity and could therefore be clinically translatable in the context of prophylactic and therapeutic strategies to empower the formation of T cell immunity. Understanding the modalities of IL-1 activity during T cell activation thus could hold major implications for rational development of the next generation of vaccine adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Van Den Eeckhout
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Tavernier
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Orionis Biosciences BV, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah Gerlo
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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14
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Papavassiliou AG, Musti AM. The Multifaceted Output of c-Jun Biological Activity: Focus at the Junction of CD8 T Cell Activation and Exhaustion. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112470. [PMID: 33202877 PMCID: PMC7697663 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
c-Jun is a major component of the dimeric transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1), a paradigm for transcriptional response to extracellular signaling, whose components are basic-Leucine Zipper (bZIP) transcription factors of the Jun, Fos, activating transcription factor (ATF), ATF-like (BATF) and Jun dimerization protein 2 (JDP2) gene families. Extracellular signals regulate c-Jun/AP-1 activity at multiple levels, including transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of c-Jun expression and transactivity, in turn, establishing the magnitude and the duration of c-Jun/AP-1 activation. Another important level of c-Jun/AP-1 regulation is due to the capability of Jun family members to bind DNA as a heterodimer with every other member of the AP-1 family, and to interact with other classes of transcription factors, thereby acquiring the potential to integrate diverse extrinsic and intrinsic signals into combinatorial regulation of gene expression. Here, we review how these features of c-Jun/AP-1 regulation underlie the multifaceted output of c-Jun biological activity, eliciting quite distinct cellular responses, such as neoplastic transformation, differentiation and apoptosis, in different cell types. In particular, we focus on the current understanding of the role of c-Jun/AP-1 in the response of CD8 T cells to acute infection and cancer. We highlight the transcriptional and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms through which c-Jun/AP-1 participates in the productive immune response of CD8 T cells, and how its downregulation may contribute to the dysfunctional state of tumor infiltrating CD8 T cells. Additionally, we discuss recent insights pointing at c-Jun as a suitable target for immunotherapy-based combination approaches to reinvigorate anti-tumor immune functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios G. Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Anna Maria Musti
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3337543732
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15
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Activation of c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase, a Potential Therapeutic Target in Autoimmune Arthritis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112466. [PMID: 33198301 PMCID: PMC7696795 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) is a critical mediator involved in various physiological processes, such as immune responses, and the pathogenesis of various diseases, including autoimmune disorders. JNK is one of the crucial downstream signaling molecules of various immune triggers, mainly proinflammatory cytokines, in autoimmune arthritic conditions, mainly including rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and psoriatic arthritis. The activation of JNK is regulated in a complex manner by upstream kinases and phosphatases. Noticeably, different subtypes of JNKs behave differentially in immune responses. Furthermore, aside from biologics targeting proinflammatory cytokines, small-molecule inhibitors targeting signaling molecules such as Janus kinases can act as very powerful therapeutics in autoimmune arthritis patients unresponsiveness to conventional synthetic antirheumatic drugs. Nevertheless, despite these encouraging therapies, a population of patients with an inadequate therapeutic response to all currently available medications still remains. These findings identify the critical signaling molecule JNK as an attractive target for investigation of the immunopathogenesis of autoimmune disorders and for consideration as a potential therapeutic target for patients with autoimmune arthritis to achieve better disease control. This review provides a useful overview of the roles of JNK, how JNK is regulated in immunopathogenic responses, and the potential of therapeutically targeting JNK in patients with autoimmune arthritis.
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16
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Kumar S, Singh SK, Viswakarma N, Sondarva G, Nair RS, Sethupathi P, Dorman M, Sinha SC, Hoskins K, Thatcher G, Rana B, Rana A. Rationalized inhibition of mixed lineage kinase 3 and CD70 enhances life span and antitumor efficacy of CD8 + T cells. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:e000494. [PMID: 32759234 PMCID: PMC7410077 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are important for T cell survival and their effector function. Mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK3) (MAP3K11) is an upstream regulator of MAP kinases and emerging as a potential candidate for targeted cancer therapy; yet, its role in T cell survival and effector function is not known. METHODS T cell phenotypes, apoptosis and intracellular cytokine expressions were analyzed by flow cytometry. The apoptosis-associated gene expressions in CD8+CD38+ T cells were measured using RT2 PCR array. In vivo effect of combined blockade of MLK3 and CD70 was analyzed in 4T1 tumor model in immunocompetent mice. The serum level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS We report that genetic loss or pharmacological inhibition of MLK3 induces CD70-TNFα-TNFRSF1a axis-mediated apoptosis in CD8+ T cells. The genetic loss of MLK3 decreases CD8+ T cell population, whereas CD4+ T cells are partially increased under basal condition. Moreover, the loss of MLK3 induces CD70-mediated apoptosis in CD8+ T cells but not in CD4+ T cells. Among the activated CD8+ T cell phenotypes, CD8+CD38+ T cell population shows more than five fold increase in apoptosis due to loss of MLK3, and the expression of TNFRSF1a is significantly higher in CD8+CD38+ T cells. In addition, we observed that CD70 is an upstream regulator of TNFα-TNFRSF1a axis and necessary for induction of apoptosis in CD8+ T cells. Importantly, blockade of CD70 attenuates apoptosis and enhances effector function of CD8+ T cells from MLK3-/- mice. In immune-competent breast cancer mouse model, pharmacological inhibition of MLK3 along with CD70 increased tumor infiltration of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, leading to reduction in tumor burden largely via mitochondrial apoptosis. CONCLUSION Together, these results demonstrate that MLK3 plays an important role in CD8+ T cell survival and effector function and MLK3-CD70 axis could serve as a potential target in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Navin Viswakarma
- Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gautam Sondarva
- Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - Matthew Dorman
- Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Kent Hoskins
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gregory Thatcher
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Basabi Rana
- Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ajay Rana
- Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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17
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Li J, Ritelli M, Ma CS, Rao G, Habib T, Corvilain E, Bougarn S, Cypowyj S, Grodecká L, Lévy R, Béziat V, Shang L, Payne K, Avery DT, Migaud M, Boucherit S, Boughorbel S, Guennoun A, Chrabieh M, Rapaport F, Bigio B, Itan Y, Boisson B, Cormier-Daire V, Syx D, Malfait F, Zoppi N, Abel L, Freiberger T, Dietz HC, Marr N, Tangye SG, Colombi M, Casanova JL, Puel A. Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and connective tissue disorder in humans with impaired JNK1-dependent responses to IL-17A/F and TGF-β. Sci Immunol 2020; 4:4/41/eaax7965. [PMID: 31784499 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aax7965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genetic etiologies of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) disrupt human IL-17A/F-dependent immunity at mucosal surfaces, whereas those of connective tissue disorders (CTDs) often impair the TGF-β-dependent homeostasis of connective tissues. The signaling pathways involved are incompletely understood. We report a three-generation family with an autosomal dominant (AD) combination of CMC and a previously undescribed form of CTD that clinically overlaps with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS). The patients are heterozygous for a private splice-site variant of MAPK8, the gene encoding c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1), a component of the MAPK signaling pathway. This variant is loss-of-expression and loss-of-function in the patients' fibroblasts, which display AD JNK1 deficiency by haploinsufficiency. These cells have impaired, but not abolished, responses to IL-17A and IL-17F. Moreover, the development of the patients' TH17 cells was impaired ex vivo and in vitro, probably due to the involvement of JNK1 in the TGF-β-responsive pathway and further accounting for the patients' CMC. Consistently, the patients' fibroblasts displayed impaired JNK1- and c-Jun/ATF-2-dependent induction of key extracellular matrix (ECM) components and regulators, but not of EDS-causing gene products, in response to TGF-β. Furthermore, they displayed a transcriptional pattern in response to TGF-β different from that of fibroblasts from patients with Loeys-Dietz syndrome caused by mutations of TGFBR2 or SMAD3, further accounting for the patients' complex and unusual CTD phenotype. This experiment of nature indicates that the integrity of the human JNK1-dependent MAPK signaling pathway is essential for IL-17A- and IL-17F-dependent mucocutaneous immunity to Candida and for the TGF-β-dependent homeostasis of connective tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Marco Ritelli
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Cindy S Ma
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Geetha Rao
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | | | - Emilie Corvilain
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France.,University of Paris, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Sophie Cypowyj
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lucie Grodecká
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Centre for Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantation, Brno 65691, Czech Republic
| | - Romain Lévy
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France.,University of Paris, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Vivien Béziat
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France.,University of Paris, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Lei Shang
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kathryn Payne
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Danielle T Avery
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Mélanie Migaud
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France.,University of Paris, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Soraya Boucherit
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France.,University of Paris, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | | | - Maya Chrabieh
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France.,University of Paris, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Franck Rapaport
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Benedetta Bigio
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yuval Itan
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.,The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Bertrand Boisson
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France.,University of Paris, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Valérie Cormier-Daire
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France.,Department of Medical Genetics, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Delfien Syx
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fransiska Malfait
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nicoletta Zoppi
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Laurent Abel
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France.,University of Paris, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Tomáš Freiberger
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Centre for Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantation, Brno 65691, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine and Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Harry C Dietz
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nico Marr
- Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar.,College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Stuart G Tangye
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Marina Colombi
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA. .,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France.,University of Paris, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France.,Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anne Puel
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA. .,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France.,University of Paris, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
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18
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Chiricosta L, Gugliandolo A, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. Could the Heat Shock Proteins 70 Family Members Exacerbate the Immune Response in Multiple Sclerosis? An in Silico Study. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11060615. [PMID: 32503176 PMCID: PMC7348765 DOI: 10.3390/genes11060615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. It represents one of the main causes of neurological disability in young people. In MS, the autoimmune response is directed against myelin antigens but other possible bio-molecular markers are investigated. The aim of this work was, through an in silico study, the evaluation of the transcriptional modifications between healthy subjects and MS patients in six brain areas (corpus callosum, hippocampus, internal capsule, optic chiasm, frontal and parietal cortex) in order to identify genes representative of the disease. Our results show the upregulation of the Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) HSPA1A, HSPA1B, HSPA7, HSPA6, HSPH1 and HSPA4L of the HSP70 family, among which HSPA1A and HSPA1B are upregulated in all the brain areas. HSP70s are molecular chaperones indispensable for protein folding, recently associated with immune system maintenance. The little overexpression of the HSPs protects the cells from stress but extreme upregulation can contribute to the MS pathogenesis. We also investigated the genes involved in the immune system that result in overall upregulation in the corpus callosum, hippocampus, internal capsule, optic chiasm and are absent in the cortex. Interestingly, the genes of the immune system and the HSP70s have comparable levels of expression.
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19
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Kumar S, Singh SK, Viswakarma N, Sondarva G, Nair RS, Sethupathi P, Sinha SC, Emmadi R, Hoskins K, Danciu O, Thatcher GRJ, Rana B, Rana A. Mixed lineage kinase 3 inhibition induces T cell activation and cytotoxicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:7961-7970. [PMID: 32209667 PMCID: PMC7149389 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1921325117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK3), also known as MAP3K11, was initially identified in a megakaryocytic cell line and is an emerging therapeutic target in cancer, yet its role in immune cells is not known. Here, we report that loss or pharmacological inhibition of MLK3 promotes activation and cytotoxicity of T cells. MLK3 is abundantly expressed in T cells, and its loss alters serum chemokines, cytokines, and CD28 protein expression on T cells and its subsets. MLK3 loss or pharmacological inhibition induces activation of T cells in in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo conditions, irrespective of T cell activating agents. Conversely, overexpression of MLK3 decreases T cell activation. Mechanistically, loss or inhibition of MLK3 down-regulates expression of a prolyl-isomerase, Ppia, which is directly phosphorylated by MLK3 to increase its isomerase activity. Moreover, MLK3 also phosphorylates nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1) and regulates its nuclear translocation via interaction with Ppia, and this regulates T cell effector function. In an immune-competent mouse model of breast cancer, MLK3 inhibitor increases Granzyme B-positive CD8+ T cells and decreases MLK3 and Ppia gene expression in tumor-infiltrating T cells. Likewise, the MLK3 inhibitor in pan T cells, isolated from breast cancer patients, also increases cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. These results collectively demonstrate that MLK3 plays an important role in T cell biology, and targeting MLK3 could serve as a potential therapeutic intervention via increasing T cell cytotoxicity in cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Breast Neoplasms/blood
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor/transplantation
- Cyclophilin A/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/drug effects
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/genetics
- MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/blood
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- NFATC Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Phosphorylation/immunology
- Primary Cell Culture
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Pyridines/pharmacology
- Pyridines/therapeutic use
- Pyrroles/pharmacology
- Pyrroles/therapeutic use
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- Tumor Escape/drug effects
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase 11
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Sunil Kumar Singh
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Navin Viswakarma
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Gautam Sondarva
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Rakesh Sathish Nair
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Periannan Sethupathi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Subhash C Sinha
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Rajyasree Emmadi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Kent Hoskins
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Oana Danciu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Gregory R J Thatcher
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Basabi Rana
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
- University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
- Research Unit, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Ajay Rana
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612;
- University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
- Research Unit, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
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20
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Kumar S, Principe DR, Singh SK, Viswakarma N, Sondarva G, Rana B, Rana A. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Inhibitors and T-Cell-Dependent Immunotherapy in Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E9. [PMID: 31936067 PMCID: PMC7168889 DOI: 10.3390/ph13010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling networks serve to regulate a wide range of physiologic and cancer-associated cell processes. For instance, a variety of oncogenic mutations often lead to hyperactivation of MAPK signaling, thereby enhancing tumor cell proliferation and disease progression. As such, several components of the MAPK signaling network have been proposed as viable targets for cancer therapy. However, the contributions of MAPK signaling extend well beyond the tumor cells, and several MAPK effectors have been identified as key mediators of the tumor microenvironment (TME), particularly with respect to the local immune infiltrate. In fact, a blockade of various MAPK signals has been suggested to fundamentally alter the interaction between tumor cells and T lymphocytes and have been suggested a potential adjuvant to immune checkpoint inhibition in the clinic. Therefore, in this review article, we discuss the various mechanisms through which MAPK family members contribute to T-cell biology, as well as circumstances in which MAPK inhibition may potentiate or limit cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (S.K.); (D.R.P.); (S.K.S.); (N.V.); (G.S.); (B.R.)
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Daniel R. Principe
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (S.K.); (D.R.P.); (S.K.S.); (N.V.); (G.S.); (B.R.)
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Sunil Kumar Singh
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (S.K.); (D.R.P.); (S.K.S.); (N.V.); (G.S.); (B.R.)
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Navin Viswakarma
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (S.K.); (D.R.P.); (S.K.S.); (N.V.); (G.S.); (B.R.)
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Gautam Sondarva
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (S.K.); (D.R.P.); (S.K.S.); (N.V.); (G.S.); (B.R.)
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Basabi Rana
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (S.K.); (D.R.P.); (S.K.S.); (N.V.); (G.S.); (B.R.)
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ajay Rana
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (S.K.); (D.R.P.); (S.K.S.); (N.V.); (G.S.); (B.R.)
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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21
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Anselmo F, Tatomir A, Boodhoo D, Mekala AP, Nguyen V, Rus V, Rus H. JNK and phosphorylated Bcl-2 predict multiple sclerosis clinical activity and glatiramer acetate therapeutic response. Clin Immunol 2019; 210:108297. [PMID: 31698073 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2019.108297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the role of JNK and phospho-Bcl-2 as possible biomarkers of multiple sclerosis (MS) relapse and of glatiramer acetate (GA) therapeutic response in relapsing-remitting MS patients. We enrolled a cohort of 15 GA-treated patients and measured the expression of JNK1, JNK2, phospho-JNK and phospho-Bcl-2 through Western blotting of lysates from peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected at 0, 3, 6, and 12 months after initiating GA therapy. We found significantly higher levels of JNK1 p54 and JNK2 p54 and significantly lower levels of p-Bcl-2 in relapse patients and in GA non-responders. By using receiver operating characteristic analysis, we found that the probability of accurately detecting relapse and response to GA was: 92% and 75.5%, respectively, for JNK1 p54 and 86% and 94.6%, respectively, for p-Bcl-2. Our data suggest that JNK1 and p-Bcl-2 could serve as potential biomarkers for MS relapse and the therapeutic response to GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freidrich Anselmo
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexandru Tatomir
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurosciences, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dallas Boodhoo
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Armugam P Mekala
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vinh Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Violeta Rus
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Horea Rus
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Research Service, Veterans Administration Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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22
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Chu F, Li HS, Liu X, Cao J, Ma W, Ma Y, Weng J, Zhu Z, Cheng X, Wang Z, Liu J, Jiang ZY, Luong AU, Peng W, Wang J, Balakrishnan K, Yee C, Dong C, Davis RE, Watowich SS, Neelapu SS. CXCR5 +CD8 + T cells are a distinct functional subset with an antitumor activity. Leukemia 2019; 33:2640-2653. [PMID: 31028278 PMCID: PMC6814517 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0464-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
CXCR5 mediates homing of both B and follicular helper T (TFH) cells into follicles of secondary lymphoid organs. We found that CXCR5+CD8+ T cells are present in human tonsils and follicular lymphoma, inhibit TFH-mediated B cell differentiation, and exhibit strong cytotoxic activity. Consistent with these findings, adoptive transfer of CXCR5+CD8+ T cells into an animal model of lymphoma resulted in significantly greater antitumor activity than CXCR5-CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, RNA-Seq-based transcriptional profiling revealed 77 differentially expressed genes unique to CXCR5+CD8+ T cells. Among these, a signature comprised of 33 upregulated genes correlated with improved survival in follicular lymphoma patients. We also showed that CXCR5+CD8+ T cells could be induced and expanded ex vivo using IL-23 plus TGF-β, suggesting a possible strategy to generate these cells for clinical application. In summary, our study identified CXCR5+CD8+ T cells as a distinct T cell subset with ability to suppress TFH-mediated B cell differentiation, exert strong antitumor activity, and confer favorable prognosis in follicular lymphoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuliang Chu
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Haiyan S Li
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xindong Liu
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingjing Cao
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wencai Ma
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jinsheng Weng
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zheng Zhu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyun Cheng
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jingwei Liu
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zi Yang Jiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amber U Luong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Weiyi Peng
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kumudha Balakrishnan
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cassian Yee
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chen Dong
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Tsinghua University Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Richard Eric Davis
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephanie S Watowich
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sattva S Neelapu
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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23
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Wu Q, Wu W, Fu B, Shi L, Wang X, Kuca K. JNK signaling in cancer cell survival. Med Res Rev 2019; 39:2082-2104. [PMID: 30912203 DOI: 10.1002/med.21574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is involved in cancer cell apoptosis; however, emerging evidence indicates that this Janus signaling promotes cancer cell survival. JNK acts synergistically with NF-κB, JAK/STAT, and other signaling molecules to exert a survival function. JNK positively regulates autophagy to counteract apoptosis, and its effect on autophagy is related to the development of chemotherapeutic resistance. The prosurvival effect of JNK may involve an immune evasion mechanism mediated by transforming growth factor-β, toll-like receptors, interferon-γ, and autophagy, as well as compensatory JNK-dependent cell proliferation. The present review focuses on recent advances in understanding the prosurvival function of JNK and its role in tumor development and chemoresistance, including a comprehensive analysis of the molecular mechanisms underlying JNK-mediated cancer cell survival. There is a focus on the specific "Yin and Yang" functions of JNK1 and JNK2 in the regulation of cancer cell survival. We highlight recent advances in our knowledge of the roles of JNK in cancer cell survival, which may provide insight into the distinct functions of JNK in cancer and its potential for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Wenda Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Bishi Fu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lei Shi
- Transcriptional Networks in Lung Cancer Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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24
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Castro-Torres RD, Landa J, Rabaza M, Busquets O, Olloquequi J, Ettcheto M, Beas-Zarate C, Folch J, Camins A, Auladell C, Verdaguer E. JNK Isoforms Are Involved in the Control of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Mice, Both in Physiological Conditions and in an Experimental Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:5856-5865. [PMID: 30685843 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1476-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus allows the continuous generation of new neurons. This cellular process can be disturbed under specific environmental conditions, such as epileptic seizures; however, the underlying mechanisms responsible for their control remain largely unknown. Although different studies have linked the JNK (c-Jun-N-terminal-kinase) activity with the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation, the specific function of JNK in controlling adult hippocampal neurogenesis is not well known. The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of JNK isoforms (JNK1/JNK2/JNK3) in adult-hippocampal neurogenesis. To achieve this goal, we used JNK-knockout mice (Jnk1-/-, Jnk2-/-, and Jnk3-/-), untreated and treated with intraperitoneal injections of kainic acid (KA), as an experimental model of epilepsy. In each condition, we identified cell subpopulations at different stages of neuronal maturation by immunohistochemical specific markers. In physiological conditions, we evidenced that JNK1 and JNK3 control the levels of one subtype of early progenitor cells (GFAP+/Sox2+) but not the GFAP+/Nestin+ cell subtype. Moreover, the absence of JNK1 induces an increase of immature neurons (Doublecortin+; PSA-NCAM+ cells) compared with wild-type (WT). On the other hand, Jnk1-/- and Jnk3-/- mice showed an increased capacity to maintain hippocampal homeostasis, since calbindin immunoreactivity is higher than in WT. An important fact is that, after KA injection, Jnk1-/- and Jnk3-/- mice show no increase in the different neurogenic cell subpopulation analyzed, in contrast to what occurs in WT and Jnk2-/- mice. All these data support that JNK isoforms are involved in the adult neurogenesis control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén D Castro-Torres
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Laboratorio de Regeneración Neural, C.U.C.B.A, Universidad de Guadalajara, 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Jon Landa
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Rabaza
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Busquets
- Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Olloquequi
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, 5 Poniente No. 1670, 3460000, Talca, Chile
| | - Miren Ettcheto
- Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Beas-Zarate
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Laboratorio de Regeneración Neural, C.U.C.B.A, Universidad de Guadalajara, 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Jaume Folch
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Camins
- Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Auladell
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. .,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ester Verdaguer
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Liu J, Gallo RM, Khan MA, Iyer AK, Kratzke IM, Brutkiewicz RR. JNK2 modulates the CD1d-dependent and -independent activation of iNKT cells. Eur J Immunol 2018; 49:255-265. [PMID: 30467836 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells play critical roles in autoimmune, anti-tumor, and anti-microbial immune responses, and are activated by glycolipids presented by the MHC class I-like molecule, CD1d. How the activation of signaling pathways impacts antigen (Ag)-dependent iNKT cell activation is not well-known. In the current study, we found that the MAPK JNK2 not only negatively regulates CD1d-mediated Ag presentation in APCs, but also contributes to CD1d-independent iNKT cell activation. A deficiency in the JNK2 (but not JNK1) isoform enhanced Ag presentation by CD1d. Using a vaccinia virus (VV) infection model known to cause a loss in iNKT cells in a CD1d-independent, but IL-12-dependent manner, we found the virus-induced loss of iNKT cells in JNK2 KO mice was substantially lower than that observed in JNK1 KO or wild-type (WT) mice. Importantly, compared to WT mice, JNK2 KO mouse iNKT cells were found to express less surface IL-12 receptors. As with a VV infection, an IL-12 injection also resulted in a smaller decrease in JNK2 KO iNKT cells as compared to WT mice. Overall, our work strongly suggests JNK2 is a negative regulator of CD1d-mediated Ag presentation and contributes to IL-12-induced iNKT cell activation and loss during viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyun Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Richard M Gallo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Masood A Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abhirami K Iyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ian M Kratzke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Randy R Brutkiewicz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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26
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Ngo Thai Bich V, Hongu T, Miura Y, Katagiri N, Ohbayashi N, Yamashita-Kanemaru Y, Shibuya A, Funakoshi Y, Kanaho Y. Physiological function of phospholipase D2 in anti-tumor immunity: regulation of CD8 + T lymphocyte proliferation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6283. [PMID: 29674728 PMCID: PMC5908902 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24512-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two major phospholipase D (PLD) isozymes in mammals, PLD1 and PLD2, hydrolyze the membrane phospholipid phosphatidylcholine to choline and the lipid messenger phosphatidic acid. Although their roles in cancer cells have been well studied, their functions in tumor microenvironment have not yet been clarified. Here, we demonstrate that PLD2 in cytotoxic CD8+ T cells plays a crucial role in anti-tumor immunity by regulating their cell proliferation. We found that growth of tumors formed by subcutaneously transplanted cancer cells is enhanced in Pld2-knockout mice. Interestingly, this phenotype was found to be at least in part attributable to the ablation of Pld2 from bone marrow cells. The number of CD8+ T cells, which induce cancer cell death, significantly decreased in the tumor produced in Pld2-knockout mice. In addition, CD3/CD28-stimulated proliferation of primary cultured splenic CD8+ T cells is markedly suppressed by Pld2 ablation. Finally, CD3/CD28-dependent activation of Erk1/2 and Ras is inhibited in Pld2-deleted CD8+ T cells. Collectively, these results indicate that PLD2 in CD8+ T cells plays a key role in their proliferation through activation of the Ras/Erk signaling pathway, thereby regulating anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Ngo Thai Bich
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Tsunaki Hongu
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yuki Miura
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Naohiro Katagiri
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Norihiko Ohbayashi
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yumi Yamashita-Kanemaru
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Akira Shibuya
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.,Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba,, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yuji Funakoshi
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Yasunori Kanaho
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
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27
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Balkhi MY, Wittmann G, Xiong F, Junghans RP. YY1 Upregulates Checkpoint Receptors and Downregulates Type I Cytokines in Exhausted, Chronically Stimulated Human T Cells. iScience 2018; 2:105-122. [PMID: 30428369 PMCID: PMC6136936 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells infiltrate affected organs in chronic infections and malignancy, but they may fail to eradicate virus-infected cells or tumor because of exhaustion. This report describes a Yin Yang-1 (YY1)-centered mechanism for diverse components that have been correlated with exhaustion. Utilizing an in vitro reconstruction of chronic T cell activation, YY1 is shown to positively regulate the checkpoint receptors PD1, Lag3, and Tim3 and to negatively regulate the type I cytokines interleukin-2 (IL-2) (in collaboration with Ezh2 histone methyltransferase) and interferon gamma (IFN-?). Other tests suggest that IL-2 failure drives a large component of cytotoxic functional decline rather than solely checkpoint receptor-ligand interactions that have been the focus of current anti-exhaustion therapies. Clinical evaluations confirm elevated YY1 and Ezh2 in melanoma tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and in PD1+ T cells in patients with HIV. Exhaustion is revealed to be an active process as the culmination of repetitive two-signal stimulation in a feedback loop via CD3/CD28?p38MAPK/JNK?YY1? exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mumtaz Y Balkhi
- Biotherapeutics Development Lab, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Gabor Wittmann
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fang Xiong
- Biotherapeutics Development Lab, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Richard P Junghans
- Biotherapeutics Development Lab, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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Shi L, Lin Q, Yang T, Nie Y, Li X, Liu B, Shen J, Liang Y, Tang Y, Luo F. Oral administration of Lentinus edodes β-glucans ameliorates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice via MAPK-Elk-1 and MAPK-PPARγ pathways. Food Funct 2018; 7:4614-4627. [PMID: 27747357 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01043a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of β-glucans from Lentinus edodes, and its molecular mechanism, the dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) induced colitis model of mice and the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell inflammation model were used in this study. 40 ICR male mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: Control, DSS (DSS treated only), DSS + low-βGs (500 mg kg-1 d-1) and DSS + high-βGs (1000 mg kg-1 d-1). The body weight of the mice with Lentinus edodes β-glucan supplementation increased significantly compared to the DSS group and the disease activity index (DAI) was improved in both βG-treated groups. Compared with the DSS group, histopathological analysis showed that the infiltration of inflammatory cells of both βG-treated groups decreased significantly in colonic tissues. Furthermore, oral administration of β-glucans decreases the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) and inhibits the expression of iNOS and several inflammatory factors: TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 as well as nitric oxide (NO) of the colonic tissues. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is closely related to the expression of pro-inflammatory factors. In the DSS-induced colitis model and the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell model, βGs inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory factors and blocked the phosphorylation of JNK/ERK1/2 and p38; βGs also suppress the phosphorylation of Elk-1 at Ser84 and the phosphorylation of PPARγ at Ser112. Altogether, these results suggest that Lentinus edodes βGs could inhibit the DSS-induced ulcerative colitis and decrease inflammatory factor expressions. The molecular mechanism may be involved in suppressing MAPK signaling and inactivation of Elk-1 and activation of PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Shi
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, PR China.
| | - Qinlu Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, PR China.
| | - Tao Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, PR China.
| | - Ying Nie
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, PR China.
| | - Xinhua Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China
| | - Bo Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, PR China.
| | - Junjun Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, PR China.
| | - Ying Liang
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, PR China.
| | - Yiping Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, PR China.
| | - Feijun Luo
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, PR China.
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Bedognetti D, Roelands J, Decock J, Wang E, Hendrickx W. The MAPK hypothesis: immune-regulatory effects of MAPK-pathway genetic dysregulations and implications for breast cancer immunotherapy. Emerg Top Life Sci 2017; 1:429-445. [PMID: 33525803 PMCID: PMC7289005 DOI: 10.1042/etls20170142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With the advent of checkpoint inhibition, immunotherapy has revolutionized the clinical management of several cancers, but has demonstrated limited efficacy in mammary carcinoma. Transcriptomic profiling of cancer samples defined distinct immunophenotypic categories characterized by different prognostic and predictive connotations. In breast cancer, genomic alterations leading to the dysregulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways have been linked to an immune-silent phenotype associated with poor outcome and treatment resistance. These aberrations include mutations of MAP3K1 and MAP2K4, amplification of KRAS, BRAF, and RAF1, and truncations of NF1. Anticancer therapies targeting MAPK signaling by BRAF and MEK inhibitors have demonstrated clear immunologic effects. These off-target properties could be exploited to convert the immune-silent tumor phenotype into an immune-active one. Preclinical evidence supports that MAPK-pathway inhibition can dramatically increase the efficacy of immunotherapy. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of the immunomodulatory impact of MAPK-pathway blockade through BRAF and MEK inhibitions. While BRAF inhibition might be relevant in melanoma only, MEK inhibition is potentially applicable to a wide range of tumors. Context-dependent similarities and differences of MAPK modulation will be dissected, in light of the complexity of the MAPK pathways. Therapeutic strategies combining the favorable effects of MAPK-oriented interventions on the tumor microenvironment while maintaining T-cell function will be presented. Finally, we will discuss recent studies highlighting the rationale for the implementation of MAPK-interference approaches in combination with checkpoint inhibitors and immune agonists in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Bedognetti
- Tumor Biology, Immunology, and Therapy Section, Department of Immunology, Inflammation and Metabolism, Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jessica Roelands
- Tumor Biology, Immunology, and Therapy Section, Department of Immunology, Inflammation and Metabolism, Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Julie Decock
- Cancer Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ena Wang
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Wouter Hendrickx
- Tumor Biology, Immunology, and Therapy Section, Department of Immunology, Inflammation and Metabolism, Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
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Brutkiewicz RR. Cell Signaling Pathways That Regulate Antigen Presentation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 197:2971-2979. [PMID: 27824592 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell signaling pathways regulate much in the life of a cell: from shuttling cargo through intracellular compartments and onto the cell surface, how it should respond to stress, protecting itself from harm (environmental insults or infections), to ultimately, death by apoptosis. These signaling pathways are important for various aspects of the immune response as well. However, not much is known in terms of the participation of cell signaling pathways in Ag presentation, a necessary first step in the activation of innate and adaptive T cells. In this brief review, I discuss the known signaling molecules (and pathways) that regulate how Ags are presented to T cells and the mechanism(s), if identified. Studies in this area have important implications in vaccine development and new treatment paradigms against infectious diseases, autoimmunity, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy R Brutkiewicz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
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Zhang Z, Zhang S, Wang S. DNAzymes Dz13 target the c-jun possess antiviral activity against influenza A viruses. Microb Pathog 2016; 103:155-161. [PMID: 28039102 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of anti-influenza A virus drugs resistant strain highlights the need for more effective therapy. Our earlier study demonstrated that c-jun, a downstream molecule of JNK, might be important in viral infections and inflammatory responses. In the present study, we explored the function of DNAzymes Dz13 that target c-jun in influenza A virus infected mice. Dz13 displayed non-toxic side effects on A549 cells and BALB/c mice. Moreover, Dz13-treated mice had enhanced survival after influenza compared with untreated mice. Simultaneously, the pulmonary inflammatory responses and viral burden were decreased in Dz13 treated mice. Furthermore, proliferation levels of infection-induced CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were impaired. These data demonstrated that Dz13 could reduce viral replication and inflammatory response in vivo, suggesting that Dz13 may potentially be used to treat influenza A viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaopei Zhang
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Shouping Zhang
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China; Postdoctoral Research Base, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China; Post-doctoral Research Station, Henan Agriculture University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Sanhu Wang
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China.
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32
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Hotamisligil GS, Davis RJ. Cell Signaling and Stress Responses. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2016; 8:8/10/a006072. [PMID: 27698029 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a006072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stress-signaling pathways are evolutionarily conserved and play an important role in the maintenance of homeostasis. These pathways are also critical for adaptation to new cellular environments. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated by biosynthetic stress and leads to a compensatory increase in ER function. The JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways control adaptive responses to intracellular and extracellular stresses, including environmental changes such as UV light, heat, and hyperosmotic conditions, and exposure to inflammatory cytokines. Metabolic stress caused by a high-fat diet represents an example of a stimulus that coordinately activates both the UPR and JNK/p38 signaling pathways. Chronic activation of these stress-response pathways ultimately causes metabolic changes associated with obesity and altered insulin sensitivity. Stress-signaling pathways, therefore, represent potential targets for therapeutic intervention in the metabolic stress response and other disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan S Hotamisligil
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Broad Institute of Harvard-MIT, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Roger J Davis
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
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Babaev VR, Yeung M, Erbay E, Ding L, Zhang Y, May JM, Fazio S, Hotamisligil GS, Linton MF. Jnk1 Deficiency in Hematopoietic Cells Suppresses Macrophage Apoptosis and Increases Atherosclerosis in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Null Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:1122-31. [PMID: 27102962 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.307580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNK) are regulated by a wide variety of cellular stresses and have been implicated in apoptotic signaling. Macrophages express 2 JNK isoforms, JNK1 and JNK2, which may have different effects on cell survival and atherosclerosis. APPROACH AND RESULTS To dissect the effect of macrophage JNK1 and JNK2 on early atherosclerosis, Ldlr(-/-) mice were reconstituted with wild-type, Jnk1(-/-), and Jnk2(-/-) hematopoietic cells and fed a high cholesterol diet. Jnk1(-/-)→Ldlr(-/-) mice have larger atherosclerotic lesions with more macrophages and fewer apoptotic cells than mice transplanted with wild-type or Jnk2(-/-) cells. Moreover, genetic ablation of JNK to a single allele (Jnk1(+/-)/Jnk2(-/-) or Jnk1(-/-)/Jnk2(+/-)) in marrow of Ldlr(-/-) recipients further increased atherosclerosis compared with Jnk1(-/-)→Ldlr(-/-) and wild-type→Ldlr(-/-) mice. In mouse macrophages, anisomycin-mediated JNK signaling antagonized Akt activity, and loss of Jnk1 gene obliterated this effect. Similarly, pharmacological inhibition of JNK1, but not JNK2, markedly reduced the antagonizing effect of JNK on Akt activity. Prolonged JNK signaling in the setting of endoplasmic reticulum stress gradually extinguished Akt and Bad activity in wild-type cells with markedly less effects in Jnk1(-/-) macrophages, which were also more resistant to apoptosis. Consequently, anisomycin increased and JNK1 inhibitors suppressed endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis in macrophages. We also found that genetic and pharmacological inhibition of phosphatase and tensin homolog abolished the JNK-mediated effects on Akt activity, indicating that phosphatase and tensin homolog mediates crosstalk between these pathways. CONCLUSIONS Loss of Jnk1, but not Jnk2, in macrophages protects them from apoptosis, increasing cell survival, and this accelerates early atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir R Babaev
- From the Departments of Medicine (V.R.B., M.Y., L.D., Y.Z., J.M.M., M.F.L.) and Pharmacology (M.F.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey (E.E.); Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (S.F.); and Department of Genetics & Complex Diseases & Sabri Ulker Center, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (G.S.H.).
| | - Michele Yeung
- From the Departments of Medicine (V.R.B., M.Y., L.D., Y.Z., J.M.M., M.F.L.) and Pharmacology (M.F.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey (E.E.); Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (S.F.); and Department of Genetics & Complex Diseases & Sabri Ulker Center, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (G.S.H.)
| | - Ebru Erbay
- From the Departments of Medicine (V.R.B., M.Y., L.D., Y.Z., J.M.M., M.F.L.) and Pharmacology (M.F.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey (E.E.); Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (S.F.); and Department of Genetics & Complex Diseases & Sabri Ulker Center, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (G.S.H.)
| | - Lei Ding
- From the Departments of Medicine (V.R.B., M.Y., L.D., Y.Z., J.M.M., M.F.L.) and Pharmacology (M.F.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey (E.E.); Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (S.F.); and Department of Genetics & Complex Diseases & Sabri Ulker Center, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (G.S.H.)
| | - Youmin Zhang
- From the Departments of Medicine (V.R.B., M.Y., L.D., Y.Z., J.M.M., M.F.L.) and Pharmacology (M.F.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey (E.E.); Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (S.F.); and Department of Genetics & Complex Diseases & Sabri Ulker Center, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (G.S.H.)
| | - James M May
- From the Departments of Medicine (V.R.B., M.Y., L.D., Y.Z., J.M.M., M.F.L.) and Pharmacology (M.F.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey (E.E.); Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (S.F.); and Department of Genetics & Complex Diseases & Sabri Ulker Center, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (G.S.H.)
| | - Sergio Fazio
- From the Departments of Medicine (V.R.B., M.Y., L.D., Y.Z., J.M.M., M.F.L.) and Pharmacology (M.F.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey (E.E.); Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (S.F.); and Department of Genetics & Complex Diseases & Sabri Ulker Center, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (G.S.H.)
| | - Gökhan S Hotamisligil
- From the Departments of Medicine (V.R.B., M.Y., L.D., Y.Z., J.M.M., M.F.L.) and Pharmacology (M.F.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey (E.E.); Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (S.F.); and Department of Genetics & Complex Diseases & Sabri Ulker Center, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (G.S.H.)
| | - MacRae F Linton
- From the Departments of Medicine (V.R.B., M.Y., L.D., Y.Z., J.M.M., M.F.L.) and Pharmacology (M.F.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey (E.E.); Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (S.F.); and Department of Genetics & Complex Diseases & Sabri Ulker Center, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (G.S.H.).
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Marion T, Elbahesh H, Thomas PG, DeVincenzo JP, Webby R, Schughart K. Respiratory Mucosal Proteome Quantification in Human Influenza Infections. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153674. [PMID: 27088501 PMCID: PMC4835085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory influenza virus infections represent a serious threat to human health. Underlying medical conditions and genetic make-up predispose some influenza patients to more severe forms of disease. To date, only a few studies have been performed in patients to correlate a selected group of cytokines and chemokines with influenza infection. Therefore, we evaluated the potential of a novel multiplex micro-proteomics technology, SOMAscan, to quantify proteins in the respiratory mucosa of influenza A and B infected individuals. The analysis included but was not limited to quantification of cytokines and chemokines detected in previous studies. SOMAscan quantified more than 1,000 secreted proteins in small nasal wash volumes from infected and healthy individuals. Our results illustrate the utility of micro-proteomic technology for analysis of proteins in small volumes of respiratory mucosal samples. Furthermore, when we compared nasal wash samples from influenza-infected patients with viral load ≥ 28 and increased IL-6 and CXCL10 to healthy controls, we identified 162 differentially-expressed proteins between the two groups. This number greatly exceeds the number of DEPs identified in previous studies in human influenza patients. Most of the identified proteins were associated with the host immune response to infection, and changes in protein levels of 151 of the DEPs were significantly correlated with viral load. Most important, SOMAscan identified differentially expressed proteins heretofore not associated with respiratory influenza infection in humans. Our study is the first report for the use of SOMAscan to screen nasal secretions. It establishes a precedent for micro-proteomic quantification of proteins that reflect ongoing response to respiratory infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Marion
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, Memphis, United States of America
| | - Husni Elbahesh
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, Memphis, United States of America
| | - Paul G. Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, United States of America
| | - John P. DeVincenzo
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, Memphis, United States of America
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Department of Pediatrics, Memphis, United States of America
- Children’s Foundation Research Center at Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, United States of America
| | - Richard Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, United States of America
| | - Klaus Schughart
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, Memphis, United States of America
- Department of Infection Genetics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
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35
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Cubero FJ, Zoubek ME, Peng J, Hu W, Zhao G, Nevzorova YA, Al Masaoudi M, Bechmann LP, Boekschoten MV, Muller M, Preisinger C, Gassler N, Canbay AE, Luedde T, Davis RJ, Liedtke C, Trautwein C. Combined Activities of JNK1 and JNK2 in Hepatocytes Protect Against Toxic Liver Injury. Gastroenterology 2016; 150:968-81. [PMID: 26708719 PMCID: PMC5285516 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) 1 and JNK2 are expressed in hepatocytes and have overlapping and distinct functions. JNK proteins are activated via phosphorylation in response to acetaminophen- or carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage; the level of activation correlates with the degree of injury. SP600125, a JNK inhibitor, has been reported to block acetaminophen-induced liver injury. We investigated the role of JNK in drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in liver tissue from patients and in mice with genetic deletion of JNK in hepatocytes. METHODS We studied liver sections from patients with DILI (due to acetaminophen, phenprocoumon, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or autoimmune hepatitis) or patients without acute liver failure (controls) collected from a DILI Biobank in Germany. Levels of total and activated (phosphorylated) JNK were measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Mice with hepatocyte-specific deletion of Jnk1 (Jnk1(Δhepa)) or combination of Jnk1 and Jnk2 (Jnk(Δhepa)), as well as Jnk1-floxed C57BL/6 (control) mice, were given injections of CCl4 (to induce fibrosis) or acetaminophen (to induce toxic liver injury). We performed gene expression microarray and phosphoproteomic analyses to determine mechanisms of JNK activity in hepatocytes. RESULTS Liver samples from DILI patients contained more activated JNK, predominantly in nuclei of hepatocytes and in immune cells, than healthy tissue. Administration of acetaminophen to Jnk(Δhepa) mice produced a greater level of liver injury than that observed in Jnk1(Δhepa) or control mice, based on levels of serum markers and microscopic and histologic analysis of liver tissues. Administration of CCl4 also induced stronger hepatic injury in Jnk(Δhepa) mice, based on increased inflammation, cell proliferation, and fibrosis progression, compared with Jnk1(Δhepa) or control mice. Hepatocytes from Jnk(Δhepa) mice given acetaminophen had an increased oxidative stress response, leading to decreased activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, total protein adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase levels, and pJunD and subsequent necrosis. Administration of SP600125 before or with acetaminophen protected Jnk(Δhepa) and control mice from liver injury. CONCLUSIONS In hepatocytes, JNK1 and JNK2 appear to have combined effects in protecting mice from CCl4- and acetaminophen-induced liver injury. It is important to study the tissue-specific functions of both proteins, rather than just JNK1, in the onset of toxic liver injury. JNK inhibition with SP600125 shows off-target effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jin Peng
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Yulia A. Nevzorova
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Malika Al Masaoudi
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars P. Bechmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mark V. Boekschoten
- Nutrition, Metabolism & Genomics group, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Muller
- Nutrition, Metabolism & Genomics group, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nikolaus Gassler
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Ali E. Canbay
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tom Luedde
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Roger J. Davis
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christian Liedtke
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Germany.
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36
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Guo M, Wei J, Zhou Y, Qin Q. Molecular clone and characterization of c-Jun N-terminal kinases 2 from orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 49:355-363. [PMID: 26691306 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2 (JNK2) is a multifunctional mitogen-activated protein kinases involving in cell differentiation and proliferation, apoptosis, immune response and inflammatory conditions. In this study, we reported a new JNK2 (Ec-JNK2) derived from orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides. The full-length cDNA of Ec-JNK2 was 1920 bp in size, containing a 174 bp 5'-untranslated region (UTR), 483 bp 3'-UTR, and a 1263 bp open reading frame (ORF), which encoded a putative protein of 420 amino acids. The deduced protein sequence of Ec-JNK2 contained a conserved Thr-Pro-Tyr (TPY) motif in the domain of serine/threonine protein kinase (S-TKc). Ec-JNK2 has been found to involve in the immune response to pathogen challenges in vivo, and the infection of Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) in vitro. Immunofluorescence staining showed that Ec-JNK2 was localized in the cytoplasm of grouper spleen (GS) cells, and moved to the nucleus after infecting with SGIV. Ec-JNK2 distributed in all immune-related tissues examined. After challenging with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), SGIV and polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid (poly I:C), the mRNA expression of Ec-JNK2 was significantly (P < 0.01) up-regulated in juvenile orange-spotted grouper. Over-expressing Ec-JNK2 in fathead minnow (FHM) cells increased the SGIV infection and replication, while over-expressing the dominant-negative Ec-JNK2Δ181-183 mutant decreased it. These results indicated that Ec-JNK2 could be an important molecule in the successful infection and evasion of SGIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China
| | - Jingguang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China
| | - Yongcan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Exploitation of Tropical Biotic Resources, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Qiwei Qin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China.
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Small intestinal injury in mice infected with respiratory influenza A virus: evidence for virus induced gastroenteritis. Biotechnol Lett 2015; 37:1585-92. [PMID: 25967033 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-015-1847-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Influenza in humans is often accompanied by gastroenteritis-like symptoms such as diarrhea and abdominal pain nausea, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. RESULTS Mice infected with three subtypes of respiratory influenza A virus (IAV), particularly H5N1 and H7N2, developed intestinal injury. The avian H5N1 and H7N2 IAV were detected in the small intestine, whereas the human H1N1 was not detected. Section staining with the sialic acid (SA) receptor demonstrated that the small intestine mainly expressed SA α2, 3 Gal instead of SA α2, 6 Gal which preferentially binds to avian IAV. The number of goblet and sIgA cells in the small intestine increased, whereas CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells decreased in all infected mice except for CD8(+) T cells increased in H7N2 infected mice. CONCLUSIONS Respiratory IAV infection, particularly infected by avian IAV, can cause small intestine structural damage and modify the local immune response, thereby resulting in gastroenteritis-like symptoms.
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Zheng S, Long L, Li Y, Xu Y, Jiqin Z, Ji W, Min W. A Novel ASK Inhibitor AGI-1067 Inhibits TLR-4-Mediated Activation of ASK1 by Preventing Dissociation of Thioredoxin from ASK1. CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY: OPEN ACCESS 2015; 4:132. [PMID: 28435845 PMCID: PMC5397116 DOI: 10.4172/2329-6607.1000132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The cell type that normally limits the inflammatory and atherosclerotic process is the vascular endothelial cell (EC) that can be regulated by proinflammatory and various stresses. Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, in part, by activating apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) to initiate the activation of MAP kinases pathways and the expression of inflammatory genes. In the present study, we test the hypothesis that AGI-1067 acts as an anti-inflammatory agent by inhibiting the activation of ASK1 in human EC. Pretreatment of human aortic endothelial cells with AGI-1067 inhibits TLR4 ligand (LPS)-induced activation of ASK1 and the downstream p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) MAP kinases. LPS dissociates two endogenous inhibitors thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) and 14-3-3 from ASK1, leading to ASK1 autoactivation. Interestingly, AGI-1067 inhibits the dissociation of Trx1, but not 14-3-3, from ASK1. However, inhibition of Trx1 dissociation from ASK1 by AGI-1067 is sufficient to suppress LPS-mediated phosphorylation of the transcription factors c-Jun and activating transcription factor 2, and inhibit LPS-induced inflammatory genes including vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, E-selectin, IL-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1. Our findings suggest that AGI-1067 as a unique ASK1 inhibitor to inhibit TLR4-mediated ASK1 activation, contributing to its anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Zheng
- The Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lingli Long
- The Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yonghao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxia Xu
- The Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhang Jiqin
- The Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Weidong Ji
- The Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wang Min
- The Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Dept. of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
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Wang C, Gao L, Jin Y, Cardona CJ, Xing Z. Regulation of host responses and viral replication by the mitogen-activated protein kinases in intestinal epithelial cells infected with Enterovirus 71. Virus Res 2015; 197:75-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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40
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Regulatory roles of c-jun in H5N1 influenza virus replication and host inflammation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:2479-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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41
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Irrera N, Bitto A, Interdonato M, Squadrito F, Altavilla D. Evidence for a role of mitogen-activated protein kinases in the treatment of experimental acute pancreatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:16535-16543. [PMID: 25469021 PMCID: PMC4248196 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i44.16535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease characterized by acute inflammation and necrosis of the pancreatic parenchyma. AP is often associated with organ failure, sepsis, and high mortality. The pathogenesis of AP is still not well understood. In recent years several papers have highlighted the cellular and molecular events of acute pancreatitis. Pancreatitis is initiated by activation of digestive enzymes within the acinar cells that are involved in autodigestion of the gland, followed by a massive infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages and release of inflammatory mediators, responsible for the local and systemic inflammatory response. The hallmark of AP is parenchymal cell necrosis that represents the cause of the high morbidity and mortality, so that new potential therapeutic approaches are indispensable for the treatment of patients at high risk of complications. However, not all factors that determine the onset and course of the disease have been explained. Aim of this article is to review the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases in pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis.
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42
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Wang YQ, Ma X, Lu L, Zhao L, Zhang X, Xu Q, Wang Y. Defective antiviral CD8 T-cell response and viral clearance in the absence of c-Jun N-terminal kinases. Immunology 2014; 142:603-13. [PMID: 24673683 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signalling pathway appears to act as a critical intermediate in the regulation of lymphocyte activation and proliferation. The majority of studies on the importance of JNK are focused on its role in T helper responses, with very few reports addressing the mechanisms of JNK in governing CD8 T-cell-mediated immunity. By using a well-defined mousepox model, we demonstrate that JNK is involved in CD8(+) T-cell-mediated antiviral responses. Deficiency of either JNK1 or JNK2 impaired viral clearance, subsequently resulting in an increased susceptibility to ectromelia virus in resistant mice. The impairment of CD8 responses in JNK-deficient mice was not directly due to an inhibition of effector T-cell expansion, as both JNK1 and JNK2 had limited effect on the activation-induced cell death of CD8(+) T cells, and only JNK2-deficient mice exhibited a significant change in CD8(+) T-cell proliferation after acute ectromelia virus infection. However, optimal activation of CD8(+) T cells and their effector functions require signals from both JNK1 and JNK2. Our results suggest that the JNK pathway acts as a critical intermediate in antiviral immunity through regulation of the activation and effector function of CD8(+) T cells rather than by altering their expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Qin Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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43
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Abstract
JNK is involved in a broad range of physiological processes. Several inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease have been linked with the dysregulated JNK pathway. Research on disease models using the relevant knockout mice has highlighted the importance of specific JNK isoformsin-particular disorders and has stimulated further efforts in the drug-discovery area. However, most of the experimental evidence for the efficacy of JNK inhibition in animal models is from studies using JNK inhibitors, which are not isoform selective. Some of the more recent compounds exhibit good oral bioavailability, CNS penetration and selectivity against the rest of the kinome. Efforts to design isoform-selective inhibitors have produced a number of examples with various selectivity profiles. This article presents recent progress in this area and comment on the role of isoform selectivity for efficacy.
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Cunningham CA, Knudson KM, Peng BJ, Teixeiro E, Daniels MA. The POSH/JIP-1 scaffold network regulates TCR-mediated JNK1 signals and effector function in CD8+T cells. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:3361-71. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201343635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cody A. Cunningham
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology & Department of Surgery; Center for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri; Columbia MO USA
| | - Karin M. Knudson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology & Department of Surgery; Center for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri; Columbia MO USA
| | - Binghao J. Peng
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology & Department of Surgery; Center for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri; Columbia MO USA
| | - Emma Teixeiro
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology & Department of Surgery; Center for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri; Columbia MO USA
| | - Mark A. Daniels
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology & Department of Surgery; Center for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri; Columbia MO USA
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Kersting S, Behrendt V, Kersting J, Reinecke K, Hilgert C, Stricker I, Herdegen T, Janot MS, Uhl W, Chromik AM. The impact of JNK inhibitor D-JNKI-1 in a murine model of chronic colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium. J Inflamm Res 2013; 6:71-81. [PMID: 23667316 PMCID: PMC3650567 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s40092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) are involved in the activation of T cells and the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines. Several studies have established the relevance of the JNK pathway in inflammatory bowel diseases. The present study analyzed the therapeutic effect of D-JNKI-1, a specific JNK-inhibiting peptide, in a low-dose dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) model of chronic colitis. Methods: DSS colitis was induced in female C57/BL6 mice by cyclic administration using different concentrations of DSS (1.0% and 1.5%). Mice in the intervention groups received subcutaneous administration of 1 μg/kg D-JNKI-1 on days 2, 12, and 22. They were monitored daily to assess the severity of colitis, body weight, stool consistency, and the occurrence of occult blood or gross rectal bleeding using evaluation of the disease activity index. The animals were sacrificed after 30 days, and the inflamed intestine was histologically evaluated using a crypt damage score. Immunohistochemical quantification of CD4+ and CD8+ cells was also carried out. Results: Administration of 1 μg/kg D-JNKI-1 resulted in a significant decrease in the disease activity index (P = 0.013 for 1.0% DSS; P = 0.007 for 1.5% DSS). As a mild form of colitis was induced, histological examination did not show any distinct damage to the mucosa and crypts. However, expression of CD4+ and CD8+ cells was reduced in mice treated with D-JNKI-1 (not significant). Conclusion: Administration of D-JNKI-1 resulted in a clinical attenuation of chronic DSS colitis, and a therapeutic effect of D-JNKI-1 must therefore be assumed. The decrease in CD4+ and CD8+ cells may reflect the influence of D-JNKI-1 on T-cell activation, differentiation, and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Kersting
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, St Josef Hospital, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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MCJ/DnaJC15, an endogenous mitochondrial repressor of the respiratory chain that controls metabolic alterations. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 33:2302-14. [PMID: 23530063 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00189-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the main engine that generates ATP through oxidative phosphorylation within the respiratory chain. Mitochondrial respiration is regulated according to the metabolic needs of cells and can be modulated in response to metabolic changes. Little is known about the mechanisms that regulate this process. Here, we identify MCJ/DnaJC15 as a distinct cochaperone that localizes at the mitochondrial inner membrane, where it interacts preferentially with complex I of the electron transfer chain. We show that MCJ impairs the formation of supercomplexes and functions as a negative regulator of the respiratory chain. The loss of MCJ leads to increased complex I activity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and ATP production. Although MCJ is dispensable for mitochondrial function under normal physiological conditions, MCJ deficiency affects the pathophysiology resulting from metabolic alterations. Thus, enhanced mitochondrial respiration in the absence of MCJ prevents the pathological accumulation of lipids in the liver in response to both fasting and a high-cholesterol diet. Impaired expression or loss of MCJ expression may therefore result in a "rapid" metabolism that mitigates the consequences of metabolic disorders.
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Ma B, Wu L, Lu M, Gao B, Qiao X, Sun B, Xue D, Zhang W. Differentially expressed kinase genes associated with trypsinogen activation in rat pancreatic acinar cells treated with taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate. Mol Med Rep 2013; 7:1591-6. [PMID: 23467886 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypsinogen activation is the initial factor involved in the development of all types of acute pancreatitis (AP) and has been suggested to be regulated by protein kinases. In the present study, AR42J rat pancreatic acinar cells were treated with taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate (TLC-S), and trypsinogen activation was detected with bis-(CBZ-L-isoleucyl-L-prolyl-L-arginine amide) dihydrochloride (BZiPAR) staining and flow cytometry. Differentially expressed protein kinase genes were screened by Gene Chip analysis, and the functions of these kinases were analyzed. A significantly increased activation of trypsinogen in AR42J cells following treatment with TLC-S was observed. A total of 22 differentially expressed protein kinase genes were found in the TLC-S group, among which 19 genes were upregulated and 3 were downregulated. Based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database, kinase genes of the same KEGG pathways were connected to create a network through signaling pathways, and 10 nodes of kinases were identified, which were mitogen-activated protein kinase (Mapk)8, Mapk14, Map2k4, interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 3 (Irak3), ribosomal protein S6 kinase, 90 kDa, polypeptide 2 (Rps6ka2), protein kinase C, alpha (Prkca), v-yes-1 Yamaguchi sarcoma viral related oncogene homolog (Lyn), protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta (Ptk2b), p21 protein (Cdc42/Rac)-activated kinase 4 (Pak4) and FYN oncogene related to SRC, FGR, YES (Fyn). The interactions between signaling pathways were further analyzed and a network was created. MAPK and calcium signaling pathways were found to be located at the center of the network. Thus, protein kinases constitute potential drug targets for AP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, PR China
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Abstract
The molecular biology revolution coupled with the development of monoclonal antibody technology enabled remarkable progress in rheumatology therapy, comprising an array of highly effective biologic agents. With advances in understanding of the molecular nature of immune cell receptors came elucidation of intracellular signalling pathways downstream of these receptors. These discoveries raise the question of whether selective targeting of key intracellular factors with small molecules would add to the rheumatologic armamentarium. In this Review, we discuss several examples of this therapeutic strategy that seem to be successful, and consider their implications for the future of immune-targeted treatments. We focus on kinase inhibitors, primarily those targeting Janus kinase family members and spleen tyrosine kinase, given their advanced status in clinical development and application. We also summarize other targets involved in signalling pathways that might offer promise for therapeutic intervention in the future.
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Kersting S, Reinecke K, Hilgert C, Janot MS, Haarmann E, Albrecht M, Müller AM, Herdegen T, Mittelkötter U, Uhl W, Chromik AM. Knockout of the c-Jun N-terminal Kinase 2 aggravates the development of mild chronic dextran sulfate sodium colitis independently of expression of intestinal cytokines TNFα, TGFB1, and IL-6. J Inflamm Res 2013; 6:13-23. [PMID: 23426157 PMCID: PMC3576002 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s36415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) are involved in signal transduction of inflammatory bowel diseases. The aim of this study was to examine the function of JNKs by using a low-dose dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) model in JNK1 knockout mice (Mapk8−/−), JNK2 knockout mice (Mapk9−/−), and wild-type controls (WT1, WT2). Methods The animals were evaluated daily using a disease activity index. After 30 days, the intestine was evaluated histologically with a crypt damage score. CD4+ and CD8+ cells were quantified using immunofluorescence. Analysis of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and transforming growth factor β1 (TGFB1) expression was carried out using LightCycler® real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results Cyclic administration of low-dose DSS (1%) was not able to induce features of chronic colitis in Mapk8−/− WT2 mice. By contrast, DSS administration significantly increased the disease activity index in WT1 and Mapk9−/− mice. In Mapk9−/− mice, the crypt damage score and the number of CD4+ and CD8+ cells as features of chronic colitis/inflammation were also significantly elevated. Expression of TNFα, IL-6, and TGFB1 was not altered by the JNK knockout. Conclusion Administering DSS at a defined low concentration that is unable to induce colitis in WT animals leads to clinically and histologically detectable chronic colitis in Mapk9−/− mice. The reason for this disease-inducing effect resulting from the loss of JNK2 remains to be elucidated. Expression of TNFα, IL-6, and TGFB1 does not appear to be involved; proapoptotic JNK2 may prolong the activity of proinflammatory immune cells, leading to perpetuation of the inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Kersting
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, St Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Selective kinase inhibitors as tools for neuroscience research. Neuropharmacology 2012; 63:1227-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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