1
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Kappelmayer J, Debreceni IB, Fejes Z, Nagy B. Inflammation, Sepsis, and the Coagulation System. Hamostaseologie 2024; 44:268-276. [PMID: 38354835 DOI: 10.1055/a-2202-8544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis has been a major health problem for centuries and it is still the leading cause of hospital deaths. Several studies in the past decades have identified numerous biochemical abnormalities in severe cases, and many of these studies provide evidence of the perturbation of the hemostatic system. This can result in complications, such as disseminated intravascular coagulation that can lead to multiorgan failure. Nevertheless, large clinical studies have demonstrated that the simple approach of inhibiting the coagulation processes by any means fails to provide significant improvement in the survival of septic patients. A cause of this failure could be the fact that in sepsis the major clinical problems result not primarily from the presence of the infective agent or enhanced coagulation but from the complex dysregulated systemic host response to pathogens. If this overt reaction is not fully deciphered, appropriate interference is highly unlikely and any improvement by conventional therapeutic interventions would be limited. Cellular activation in sepsis can be targeted by novel approaches like inhibition of the heterotypic cellular interactions of blood cells by targeting surface receptors or posttranscriptional control of the hemostatic system by noncoding ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules. Stable RNA molecules can affect the expression of several proteins. Thus, it can be anticipated that modulation of microRNA production would result in a multitude of effects that may be beneficial in septic cases. Here, we highlight some of the recent diagnostic possibilities and potential novel routes of the dysregulated host response.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Kappelmayer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Beke Debreceni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Fejes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Béla Nagy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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2
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Chen S, Looney MR. Understanding megakaryocyte phenotypes and the impact on platelet biogenesis. Transfusion 2024; 64:1372-1380. [PMID: 38923572 PMCID: PMC11251837 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Chen
- Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, U.SA
| | - Mark R. Looney
- Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, U.SA
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3
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Thomas S, Kelliher S, Krishnan A. Heterogeneity of platelets and their responses. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2024; 8:102356. [PMID: 38666061 PMCID: PMC11043642 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2024.102356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
There has been increasing recognition of heterogeneity in blood platelets and their responses, particularly in recent years, where next-generation technologies and advanced bioinformatic tools that interrogate "big data" have enabled large-scale studies of RNA and protein expression across a growing list of disease states. However, pioneering platelet biologists and clinicians were already hypothesizing upon and investigating heterogeneity in platelet (and megakaryocyte) activity and platelet metabolism and aggregation over half a century ago. Building on their foundational hypotheses, in particular Professor Marian A. Packham's pioneering work and a State of the Art lecture in her memoriam at the 2023 International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis Congress by Anandi Krishnan, this review outlines the key features that contribute to the heterogeneity of platelets between and within individuals. Starting with important epidemiologic factors, we move stepwise through successively smaller scales down to heterogeneity revealed by single-cell technologies in health and disease. We hope that this overview will urge future scientific and clinical studies to recognize and account for heterogeneity of platelets and aim to apply methods that capture that heterogeneity. Finally, we summarize other exciting new data presented on this topic at the 2023 International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis Congress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Thomas
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, National Health Services, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sarah Kelliher
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anandi Krishnan
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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4
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Najafi S, Asemani Y, Majidpoor J, Mahmoudi R, Aghaei-Zarch SM, Mortezaee K. Tumor-educated platelets. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 552:117690. [PMID: 38056548 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Beyond traditional roles in homeostasis and coagulation, growing evidence suggests that platelets also reflect malignant transformation in cancer. Platelets are present in the tumor microenvironment where they interact with cancer cells. This interaction results in direct and indirect "education" as evident by platelet alterations in adhesion molecules, glycoproteins, nucleic acids, proteins and various receptors. Subsequently, these tumor-educated platelets (TEPs) circulate throughout the body and play pivotal roles in promotion of tumor growth and dissemination. Accordingly, platelet status can be considered a unique blood-based biomarker that can potentially predict prognosis and therapeutic success. Recently, liquid biopsies including TEPs have received much attention as safe, minimally invasive and sensitive alternatives for patient management. Herein, we provide an overview of TEPs and explore their benefits and limitations in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Najafi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yahya Asemani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamal Majidpoor
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Reza Mahmoudi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohsen Aghaei-Zarch
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
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5
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Zhao J, Huang A, Zeller J, Peter K, McFadyen JD. Decoding the role of platelets in tumour metastasis: enigmatic accomplices and intricate targets for anticancer treatments. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1256129. [PMID: 38106409 PMCID: PMC10722285 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1256129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The canonical role of platelets as central players in cardiovascular disease by way of their fundamental role in mediating thrombosis and haemostasis is well appreciated. However, there is now a large body of experimental evidence demonstrating that platelets are also pivotal in various physiological and pathophysiological processes other than maintaining haemostasis. Foremost amongst these is the emerging data highlighting the key role of platelets in driving cancer growth, metastasis and modulating the tumour microenvironment. As such, there is significant interest in targeting platelets therapeutically for the treatment of cancer. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to provide an overview of how platelets contribute to the cancer landscape and why platelets present as valuable targets for the development of novel cancer diagnosis tools and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie Zhao
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VI, Australia
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VI, Australia
| | - Angela Huang
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VI, Australia
| | - Johannes Zeller
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VI, Australia
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Medical Faculty of the University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VI, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VI, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VI, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VI, Australia
| | - James D. McFadyen
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VI, Australia
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VI, Australia
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VI, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VI, Australia
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6
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Soslau G. Platelet protein synthesis, regulation, and post-translational modifications: mechanics and function. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 58:99-117. [PMID: 37347996 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2023.2224532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Dogma had been firmly entrenched in the minds of the scientific community that the anucleate mammalian platelet was incapable of protein biosynthesis since their identification in the late 1880s. These beliefs were not challenged until the 1960s when several reports demonstrated that platelets possessed the capacity to biosynthesize proteins. Even then, many still dismissed the synthesis as trivial and unimportant for at least another two decades. Research in the field expanded after the 1980s and numerous reports have since been published that now clearly demonstrate the potential significance of platelet protein synthesis under normal, pathological, and activating conditions. It is now clear that the platelet proteome is not a static entity but can be altered slowly or rapidly in response to external signals to support physiological requirements to maintain hemostasis and other biological processes. All the necessary biological components to support protein synthesis have been identified in platelets along with post-transcriptional processing of mRNAs, regulators of translation, and post-translational modifications such as glycosylation. The last comprehensive review of the subject appeared in 2009 and much work has been conducted since that time. The current review of the field will briefly incorporate the information covered in earlier reviews and then bring the reader up to date with more recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Soslau
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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7
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Amadio P, Porro B, Cavalca V, Zarà M, Eligini S, Sandrini L, Werba JP, Cosentino N, Olivares P, Galotta A, Bonomi A, Tremoli E, Trabattoni D, Barbieri SS. Hemostatic system in Takotsubo patients at long-term follow-up: A hidden activation? Int J Cardiol 2023; 390:131229. [PMID: 37527756 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.131229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTS) has long been considered a benign condition, despite recurrent events and long-term adverse outcomes are often reported. Endothelial damage, blood hyperviscosity, and platelet activation described in acute phase persist in long-term follow-up; however, TTS pathophysiology is still not fully understood. Here, we explored the hemostatic system at a median of 3.1 years after TTS to uncover additional long-lasting changes in these patients. METHODS We assessed hemostatic parameters in women with TTS (n = 23) or coronary artery disease (CAD; n = 31) and in control women (n = 26) age-matched, by thromboelastographic analysis, prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) coagulation assays and microparticle exposing Tissue Factor (MP-TF). Functional fibrinogen and fibrin polymerization were analyzed by Clauss method and spectrophotometry, respectively. Platelet reactivity was evaluated by light transmission aggregometry, whereas plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were measured by ELISA kit. RESULTS Compared with control subjects, TTS patients exhibit an accelerated clot formation, higher percentage of fibrin polymerization and higher PAI-1 levels. Compared with CAD, TTS patients showed sustained residual platelet activation but decreased functional fibrinogen, fibrin polymerization and MP-TF levels, prolonged aPTT and a marked BDNF increase. CONCLUSIONS The long-term activation of hemostatic system observed in TTS patients compared to control subjects suggests a persistent humoral abnormality that may be related to the propensity for TTS recurrence. The higher residual platelet activity observed in TTS than in CAD patients invites investigation on TTS-tailored antiplatelet therapy potentially needed to prevent TTS adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marta Zarà
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino I.R.C.C.S., Milan, Italy
| | - Sonia Eligini
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino I.R.C.C.S., Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alice Bonomi
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino I.R.C.C.S., Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Tremoli
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033, Cotignola, Ravenna, Italy
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8
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Schwertz H, Middleton EA. Autophagy and its consequences for platelet biology. Thromb Res 2023; 231:170-181. [PMID: 36058760 PMCID: PMC10286736 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2022.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy, the continuous recycling of intracellular building blocks, molecules, and organelles is necessary to preserve cellular function and homeostasis. In this context, it was demonstrated that autophagy plays an important role in megakaryopoiesis, the development and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells into megakaryocytes. Furthermore, in recent years, autophagic proteins were detected in platelets, anucleate cells generated by megakaryocytes, responsible for hemostasis, thrombosis, and a key cell in inflammation and host immune responses. In the last decade studies have indicated the occurrence of autophagy in platelets. Moreover, autophagy in platelets was subsequently demonstrated to be involved in platelet aggregation, adhesion, and thrombus formation. Here, we review the current knowledge about autophagy in platelets, its function, and clinical implications. However, at the advent of platelet autophagy research, additional discoveries derived from evolving work will be required to precisely define the contributions of autophagy in platelets, and to expand the ever increasing physiologic and pathologic roles these remarkable and versatile blood cells play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansjörg Schwertz
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Division of Occupational Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Occupational Medicine, Billings Clinic Bozeman, Bozeman, MT 59718, USA.
| | - Elizabeth A Middleton
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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9
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Thibord F, Johnson AD. Sources of variability in the human platelet transcriptome. Thromb Res 2023; 231:255-263. [PMID: 37357099 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Platelets are anucleated cells produced by megakaryocytes, from which they inherit all the components necessary to carry their functions. They circulate in blood vessels where they play essential roles in coagulation, wound repair or inflammation, and have been implicated in various pathological conditions such as thrombosis, viral infection or cancer progression. The importance of these cells has been established over a century ago, and effective anti-platelet medications with different mechanisms of action have since been developed. However, these therapies are not always effective and can incur adverse events, thus a better understanding of platelets molecular processes is needed to address these issues and improve our understanding of platelet functions. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have leveraged OMICs technologies to analyze their content and identify molecular signatures and mechanisms associated with platelet functions and platelet related disorders. In particular, the increased accessibility of microarrays and RNA sequencing opened the way for studies of the platelet transcriptome under a wide array of conditions. These studies revealed distinct expression profiles in diverse pathologies, which could lead to the discovery of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets, and suggests a dynamic transcriptome that could influence platelet mechanisms. In this review, we highlight the different sources of transcript level variability in platelets while summarizing recent advances and discoveries from this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Thibord
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 73 Mt. Wayte, Suite #2, Framingham, MA 01702, USA; The Framingham Heart Study, Boston University and NHLBI, 73 Mt. Wayte Ave, Suite #2, Framingham, MA 01702, USA.
| | - Andrew D Johnson
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 73 Mt. Wayte, Suite #2, Framingham, MA 01702, USA; The Framingham Heart Study, Boston University and NHLBI, 73 Mt. Wayte Ave, Suite #2, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
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10
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Petrillo E. Do not panic: An intron-centric guide to alternative splicing. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:1752-1761. [PMID: 36648241 PMCID: PMC10226583 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This review is an attempt to establish concepts of splicing and alternative splicing giving proper relevance to introns, the key actors in this mechanism. It might also work as a guide for those who found their favorite gene undergoes alternative splicing and could benefit from gaining a theoretical framework to understand the possible impacts of this process. This is not a thorough review of all the work in the field, but rather a critical review of some of the most relevant work done to understand the underlying mechanisms of splicing and the key questions that remain unanswered such as: What is the physiological relevance of alternative splicing? What are the functions of the different outcomes? To what extent do different alternative splicing types contribute to the proteome? Intron retention is the most frequent alternative splicing event in plants and, although scientifically neglected, it is also common in animals. This is a heterogeneous type of alternative splicing that includes different sub-types with features that have distinctive consequences in the resulting transcripts. Remarkably, intron retention can be a dead end for a transcript, but it could also be a stable intermediate whose processing is resumed upon a particular signal or change in the cell status. New sequencing technologies combined with the study of intron lariats in different conditions might help to answer key questions and could help us to understand the actual relevance of introns in gene expression regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel Petrillo
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología, Molecular, y Celular, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
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11
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Coagulation Disorders in Sepsis and COVID-19-Two Sides of the Same Coin? A Review of Inflammation-Coagulation Crosstalk in Bacterial Sepsis and COVID-19. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12020601. [PMID: 36675530 PMCID: PMC9866352 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12020601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Sepsis-associated coagulation disorders are involved in the pathogenesis of multiorgan failure and lead to a subsequently worsening prognosis. Alongside the global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, a great number of research papers have focused on SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and treatment. Significant progress has been made in this regard and coagulation disturbances were once again found to underlie some of the most serious adverse outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection, such as acute lung injury and multiorgan dysfunction. In the attempt of untangling the mechanisms behind COVID-19-associated coagulopathy (CAC), a series of similarities with sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC) became apparent. Whether they are, in fact, the same disease has not been established yet. The clinical picture of CAC shows the unique feature of an initial phase of intravascular coagulation confined to the respiratory system. Only later on, patients can develop a clinically significant form of systemic coagulopathy, possibly with a consumptive pattern, but, unlike SIC, it is not a key feature. Deepening our understanding of CAC pathogenesis has to remain a major goal for the research community, in order to design and validate accurate definitions and classification criteria.
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12
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An Insight into Platelets at Older Age: Cellular and Clinical Perspectives. Subcell Biochem 2023; 102:343-363. [PMID: 36600139 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-21410-3_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Higher access to medical care, advanced diagnostic tools, and overall public health improvements have favored increased humans lifespan. With a growing proportion of older adults, the associated costs to care for ageing-associated conditions will continue to grow. This chapter highlights recent cellular and clinical evidence of platelets at an older age, from the hyperreactive phenotype associated with thrombosis to the well-known hallmarks of ageing identifiable in platelets and their potential functional implications on platelets at an older age. Therefore, it is imperative to understand platelets' molecular and cellular mechanisms during ageing in health and disease. New knowledge will favor the development of new ways to prevent some of the age-associated complications where platelets are key players.
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13
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Li Y, Wang H, Zhao Z, Yang Y, Meng Z, Qin L. Effects of the interactions between platelets with other cells in tumor growth and progression. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1165989. [PMID: 37153586 PMCID: PMC10158495 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1165989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been confirmed that platelets play a key role in tumorigenesis. Tumor-activated platelets can recruit blood cells and immune cells to migrate, establish an inflammatory tumor microenvironment at the sites of primary and metastatic tumors. On the other hand, they can also promote the differentiation of mesenchymal cells, which can accelerate the proliferation, genesis and migration of blood vessels. The role of platelets in tumors has been well studied. However, a growing number of studies suggest that interactions between platelets and immune cells (e.g., dendritic cells, natural killer cells, monocytes, and red blood cells) also play an important role in tumorigenesis and tumor development. In this review, we summarize the major cells that are closely associated with platelets and discuss the essential role of the interaction between platelets with these cells in tumorigenesis and tumor development.
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14
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Armstrong PC, Allan HE, Kirkby NS, Gutmann C, Joshi A, Crescente M, Mitchell JA, Mayr M, Warner TD. Temporal in vivo platelet labeling in mice reveals age-dependent receptor expression and conservation of specific mRNAs. Blood Adv 2022; 6:6028-6038. [PMID: 36037520 PMCID: PMC9699941 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022007099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The proportion of young platelets, also known as newly formed or reticulated, within the overall platelet population has been clinically correlated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. However, our understanding of this is incomplete because of limitations in the technical approaches available to study platelets of different ages. In this study, we have developed and validated an in vivo temporal labeling approach using injectable fluorescent antiplatelet antibodies to subdivide platelets by age and assess differences in functional and molecular characteristics. With this approach, we found that young platelets (<24 hours old) in comparison with older platelets respond to stimuli with greater calcium flux and degranulation and contribute more to the formation of thrombi in vitro and in vivo. Sequential sampling confirmed this altered functionality to be independent of platelet size, with distribution of sizes of tracked platelets commensurate with the global platelet population throughout their 5-day lifespan in the circulation. The age-associated decrease in thrombotic function was accompanied by significant decreases in the surface expression of GPVI and CD31 (PECAM-1) and an increase in CD9. Platelet messenger RNA (mRNA) content also decreased with age but at different rates for individual mRNAs indicating apparent conservation of those encoding granule proteins. Our pulse-chase-type approach to define circulating platelet age has allowed timely reexamination of commonly held beliefs regarding size and reactivity of young platelets while providing novel insights into the temporal regulation of receptor and protein expression. Overall, future application of this validated tool will inform age-based platelet heterogeneity in physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C. Armstrong
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Correspondence: Paul C. Armstrong, Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark St, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom;
| | - Harriet E. Allan
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas S. Kirkby
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London United Kingdom
| | - Clemens Gutmann
- King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abhishek Joshi
- King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marilena Crescente
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jane A. Mitchell
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy D. Warner
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Manne BK, Campbell RA, Bhatlekar S, Ajanel A, Denorme F, Portier I, Middleton EA, Tolley ND, Kosaka Y, Montenont E, Guo L, Rowley JW, Bray PF, Jacob S, Fukanaga R, Proud C, Weyrich AS, Rondina MT. MAPK-interacting kinase 1 regulates platelet production, activation, and thrombosis. Blood 2022; 140:2477-2489. [PMID: 35930749 PMCID: PMC9918849 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022015568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The MAPK-interacting kinase (Mnk) family includes Mnk1 and Mnk2, which are phosphorylated and activated in response to extracellular stimuli. Mnk1 contributes to cellular responses by regulating messenger RNA (mRNA) translation, and mRNA translation influences platelet production and function. However, the role of Mnk1 in megakaryocytes and platelets has not previously been studied. The present study investigated Mnk1 in megakaryocytes and platelets using both pharmacological and genetic approaches. We demonstrate that Mnk1, but not Mnk2, is expressed and active in human and murine megakaryocytes and platelets. Stimulating human and murine megakaryocytes and platelets induced Mnk1 activation and phosphorylation of eIF4E, a downstream target of activated Mnk1 that triggers mRNA translation. Mnk1 inhibition or deletion significantly diminished protein synthesis in megakaryocytes as measured by polysome profiling and [35S]-methionine incorporation assays. Depletion of Mnk1 also reduced megakaryocyte ploidy and proplatelet forming megakaryocytes in vitro and resulted in thrombocytopenia. However, Mnk1 deletion did not affect the half-life of circulating platelets. Platelets from Mnk1 knockout mice exhibited reduced platelet aggregation, α granule secretion, and integrin αIIbβ3 activation. Ribosomal footprint sequencing indicated that Mnk1 regulates the translation of Pla2g4a mRNA (which encodes cPLA2) in megakaryocytes. Consistent with this, Mnk1 ablation reduced cPLA2 activity and thromboxane generation in platelets and megakaryocytes. In vivo, Mnk1 ablation protected against platelet-dependent thromboembolism. These results provide previously unrecognized evidence that Mnk1 regulates mRNA translation and cellular activation in platelets and megakaryocytes, endomitosis and thrombopoiesis, and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert A. Campbell
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, UT
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Seema Bhatlekar
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Abigail Ajanel
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, UT
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Frederik Denorme
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Irina Portier
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Elizabeth A. Middleton
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, UT
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Neal D. Tolley
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Yasuhiro Kosaka
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Emilie Montenont
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Li Guo
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Jesse W. Rowley
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, UT
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Paul F. Bray
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, UT
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Shancy Jacob
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Rikiro Fukanaga
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka, Japan
| | - Christopher Proud
- Lifelong Health, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Andrew S. Weyrich
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, UT
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Matthew T. Rondina
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, UT
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT
- Department of Internal Medicine and the Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), Salt Lake City, UT
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16
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Freitag M, Schwertz H. A New Role of NAP1L1 in Megakaryocytes and Human Platelets. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314694. [PMID: 36499021 PMCID: PMC9737020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets (PLTs) are anucleate and considered incapable of nuclear functions. Contrastingly, nuclear proteins were detected in human PLTs. For most of these proteins, it is unclear if nuclear or alternatively assigned functions are performed, a question we wanted to address for nuclear assembly protein 1like 1 (NAP1L1). Using a wide array of molecular methods, including RNAseq, co-IP, overexpression and functional assays, we explored expression pattern and functionality of NAP1L1 in PLTs, and CD34+-derived megakaryocytes (MKs). NAP1L1 is expressed in PLTs and MKs. Co-IP experiments revealed that dihydrolipolylysine-residue acetyltransferase (DLAT encoded protein PDC-E2, ODP2) dynamically interacts with NAP1L1. PDC-E2 is part of the mitochondrial pyruvate-dehydrogenase (PDH) multi-enzyme complex, playing a crucial role in maintaining cellular respiration, and promoting ATP-synthesis via the respiratory chain. Since altered mitochondrial function is a hallmark of infectious syndromes, we analyzed PDH activity in PLTs from septic patients demonstrating increased activity, paralleling NAP1L1 expression levels. MKs PDH activity decreased following an LPS-challenge. Furthermore, overexpression of NAP1L1 significantly altered the ability of MKs to form proplatelet extensions, diminishing thrombopoiesis. These results indicate that NAP1L1 performs in other than nucleosome-assembly functions in PTLs and MKs, binding a key mitochondrial protein as a potential chaperone, and gatekeeper, influencing PDH activity and thrombopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Freitag
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center Leipzig-University Hospital, 04289 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hansjörg Schwertz
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Division of Occupational Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Occupational Medicine at Billings Clinic Bozeman, Bozeman, MT 59715, USA
- Correspondence: or
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17
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Eustes AS, Dayal S. The Role of Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Immune-Mediated Thrombosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7837. [PMID: 35887184 PMCID: PMC9320310 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs) play important roles in hemostasis and thrombosis. There are three major types of PEVs described based on their size and characteristics, but newer types may continue to emerge owing to the ongoing improvement in the methodologies and terms used to define various types of EVs. As the literature on EVs is growing, there are continuing attempts to standardize protocols for EV isolation and reach consensus in the field. This review provides information on mechanisms of PEV production, characteristics, cellular interaction, and their pathological role, especially in autoimmune and infectious diseases. We also highlight the mechanisms through which PEVs can activate parent cells in a feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia S. Eustes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Sanjana Dayal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
- Iowa City VA Healthcare System, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
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18
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De Wispelaere K, Freson K. The Analysis of the Human Megakaryocyte and Platelet Coding Transcriptome in Healthy and Diseased Subjects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147647. [PMID: 35886993 PMCID: PMC9317744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are generated and released into the bloodstream from their precursor cells, megakaryocytes that reside in the bone marrow. Though platelets have no nucleus or DNA, they contain a full transcriptome that, during platelet formation, is transported from the megakaryocyte to the platelet. It has been described that transcripts in platelets can be translated into proteins that influence platelet response. The platelet transcriptome is highly dynamic and has been extensively studied using microarrays and, more recently, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) in relation to diverse conditions (inflammation, obesity, cancer, pathogens and others). In this review, we focus on bulk and single-cell RNA-seq studies that have aimed to characterize the coding transcriptome of healthy megakaryocytes and platelets in humans. It has been noted that bulk RNA-seq has limitations when studying in vitro-generated megakaryocyte cultures that are highly heterogeneous, while single-cell RNA-seq has not yet been applied to platelets due to their very limited RNA content. Next, we illustrate how these methods can be applied in the field of inherited platelet disorders for gene discovery and for unraveling novel disease mechanisms using RNA from platelets and megakaryocytes and rare disease bioinformatics. Next, future perspectives are discussed on how this field of coding transcriptomics can be integrated with other next-generation technologies to decipher unexplained inherited platelet disorders in a multiomics approach.
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19
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Corvigno S, Johnson AM, Wong KK, Cho MS, Afshar-Kharghan V, Menter DG, Sood AK. Novel Markers for Liquid Biopsies in Cancer Management: Circulating Platelets and Extracellular Vesicles. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:1067-1075. [PMID: 35545008 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-22-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Although radiologic imaging and histologic assessment of tumor tissues are classic approaches for diagnosis and monitoring of treatment response, they have many limitations. These include challenges in distinguishing benign from malignant masses, difficult access to the tumor, high cost of the procedures, and tumor heterogeneity. In this setting, liquid biopsy has emerged as a potential alternative for both diagnostic and monitoring purposes. The approaches to liquid biopsy include cell-free DNA/circulating tumor DNA, long and micro noncoding RNAs, proteins/peptides, carbohydrates/lectins, lipids, and metabolites. Other approaches include detection and analysis of circulating tumor cells, extracellular vesicles, and tumor-activated platelets. Ultimately, reliable use of liquid biopsies requires bioinformatics and statistical integration of multiple datasets to achieve approval in a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments setting. This review provides a balanced and critical assessment of recent discoveries regarding tumor-derived biomarkers in liquid biopsies along with the potential and pitfalls for cancer detection and longitudinal monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Corvigno
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology & Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anna Maria Johnson
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology & Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kwong-Kwok Wong
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology & Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Min Soon Cho
- Division of Internal Medicine, Benign Hematology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Vahid Afshar-Kharghan
- Division of Internal Medicine, Benign Hematology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - David G Menter
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology & Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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20
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Szelenberger R, Karbownik MS, Kacprzak M, Synowiec E, Michlewska S, Bijak M, Zielińska M, Olender A, Saluk-Bijak J. Dysregulation in the Expression of Platelet Surface Receptors in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients-Emphasis on P2Y12. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050644. [PMID: 35625372 PMCID: PMC9138357 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The pathological conditions caused by blood platelet activation constitute a fundamental core in the pathogenesis of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). The hyperactivity of platelets in ACS is well-documented, but there is still little research into the molecular basis of phenotypic changes in platelet functionality. To expand the knowledge of this phenomenon, we analyzed the disturbances in the expression of several key platelet receptors and the aspect of regulating potential abnormalities. Platelet surface receptors are responsible for maintaining the hemostatic balance, platelet interaction with immune cells, and support of the coagulation cascade leading to occlusion of the vessel lumen. Due to their prominent role, platelet receptors constitute a major target in pharmacological treatment. Our work aimed to identify the molecular alteration of platelet surface receptors, which showed augmented mRNA expression of P2Y12, GP1BB, ITGA2B, and ITGB3 and increased protein concentrations of P2Y12 and GP IIb/IIIa in ACS. The upregulation of the P2Y12 level was also confirmed by confocal and cytometric visualization. Furthermore, we evaluated the expression of two microRNAs: miR-223-3p and miR-126-3p, which were suggested to regulate platelet P2Y12 expression. Results of our study present new insight into the molecular background of ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Szelenberger
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Michał Kacprzak
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz, 91-213 Lodz, Poland; (M.K.); (M.Z.)
| | - Ewelina Synowiec
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Sylwia Michlewska
- Laboratory of Microscopic Imaging and Specialized Biological Techniques, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Michał Bijak
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Marzenna Zielińska
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz, 91-213 Lodz, Poland; (M.K.); (M.Z.)
| | - Alina Olender
- Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Joanna Saluk-Bijak
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
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21
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood platelets, due to shared biochemical and functional properties with presynaptic serotonergic neurons, constituted, over the years, an attractive peripheral biomarker of neuronal activity. Therefore, the literature strongly focused on the investigation of eventual structural and functional platelet abnormalities in neuropsychiatric disorders, particularly in depressive disorder. Given their impact in biological psychiatry, the goal of the present paper was to review and critically analyze studies exploring platelet activity, functionality, and morpho-structure in subjects with depressive disorder. METHODS According to the PRISMA guidelines, we performed a systematic review through the PubMed database up to March 2020 with the search terms: (1) platelets in depression [Title/Abstract]"; (2) "(platelets[Title]) AND depressive disorder[Title/Abstract]"; (3) "(Platelet[Title]) AND major depressive disorder[Title]"; (4) (platelets[Title]) AND depressed[Title]"; (5) (platelets[Title]) AND depressive episode[Title]"; (6) (platelets[Title]) AND major depression[Title]"; (7) platelet activation in depression[All fields]"; and (8) platelet reactivity in depression[All fields]." RESULTS After a detailed screening analysis and the application of specific selection criteria, we included in our review a total of 106 for qualitative synthesis. The studies were classified into various subparagraphs according to platelet characteristics analyzed: serotonergic system (5-HT2A receptors, SERT activity, and 5-HT content), adrenergic system, MAO activity, biomarkers of activation, responsivity, morphological changes, and other molecular pathways. CONCLUSIONS Despite the large amount of the literature examined, nonunivocal and, occasionally, conflicting results emerged. However, the findings on structural and metabolic alterations, modifications in the expression of specific proteins, changes in the aggregability, or in the responsivity to different pro-activating stimuli, may be suggestive of potential platelet dysfunctions in depressed subjects, which would result in a kind of hyperreactive state. This condition could potentially lead to an increased cardiovascular risk. In line with this hypothesis, we speculated that antidepressant treatments would seem to reduce this hyperreactivity while representing a potential tool for reducing cardiovascular risk in depressed patients and, maybe, in other neuropsychiatric conditions. However, the problem of the specificity of platelet biomarkers is still at issue and would deserve to be deepened in future studies.
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22
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Popescu NI, Lupu C, Lupu F. Disseminated intravascular coagulation and its immune mechanisms. Blood 2022; 139:1973-1986. [PMID: 34428280 PMCID: PMC8972096 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020007208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a syndrome triggered by infectious and noninfectious pathologies characterized by excessive generation of thrombin within the vasculature and widespread proteolytic conversion of fibrinogen. Despite diverse clinical manifestations ranging from thrombo-occlusive damage to bleeding diathesis, DIC etiology commonly involves excessive activation of blood coagulation and overlapping dysregulation of anticoagulants and fibrinolysis. Initiation of blood coagulation follows intravascular expression of tissue factor or activation of the contact pathway in response to pathogen-associated or host-derived, damage-associated molecular patterns. The process is further amplified through inflammatory and immunothrombotic mechanisms. Consumption of anticoagulants and disruption of endothelial homeostasis lower the regulatory control and disseminate microvascular thrombosis. Clinical DIC development in patients is associated with worsening morbidities and increased mortality, regardless of the underlying pathology; therefore, timely recognition of DIC is critical for reducing the pathologic burden. Due to the diversity of triggers and pathogenic mechanisms leading to DIC, diagnosis is based on algorithms that quantify hemostatic imbalance, thrombocytopenia, and fibrinogen conversion. Because current diagnosis primarily assesses overt consumptive coagulopathies, there is a critical need for better recognition of nonovert DIC and/or pre-DIC states. Therapeutic strategies for patients with DIC involve resolution of the eliciting triggers and supportive care for the hemostatic imbalance. Despite medical care, mortality in patients with DIC remains high, and new strategies, tailored to the underlying pathologic mechanisms, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Lupu
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK; and
| | - Florea Lupu
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK; and
- Department of Cell Biology
- Department of Pathology, and
- Department of Internal Medicine, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
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23
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Fields AT, Lee MC, Mayer F, Santos YA, Bainton CM, Matthay ZA, Callcut RA, Mayer N, Cuschieri J, Kober KM, Bainton RJ, Kornblith LZ. A new trauma frontier: Exploratory pilot study of platelet transcriptomics in trauma patients. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2022; 92:313-322. [PMID: 34738997 PMCID: PMC8781218 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000003450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The earliest measurable changes to postinjury platelet biology may be in the platelet transcriptome, as platelets are known to carry messenger ribonucleic acids (RNAs), and there is evidence in other inflammatory and infectious disease states of differential and alternative platelet RNA splicing in response to changing physiology. Thus, the aim of this exploratory pilot study was to examine the platelet transcriptome and platelet RNA splicing signatures in trauma patients compared with healthy donors. METHODS Preresuscitation platelets purified from trauma patients (n = 9) and healthy donors (n = 5) were assayed using deep RNA sequencing. Differential gene expression analysis, weighted gene coexpression network analysis, and differential alternative splicing analyses were performed. In parallel samples, platelet function was measured with platelet aggregometry, and clot formation was measured with thromboelastography. RESULTS Differential gene expression analysis identified 49 platelet RNAs to have differing abundance between trauma patients and healthy donors. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis identified coexpressed platelet RNAs that correlated with platelet aggregation. Differential alternative splicing analyses revealed 1,188 splicing events across 462 platelet RNAs that were highly statistically significant (false discovery rate <0.001) in trauma patients compared with healthy donors. Unsupervised principal component analysis of these platelet RNA splicing signatures segregated trauma patients in two main clusters separate from healthy controls. CONCLUSION Our findings provide evidence of finetuning of the platelet transcriptome through differential alternative splicing of platelet RNA in trauma patients and that this finetuning may have relevance to downstream platelet signaling. Additional investigations of the trauma platelet transcriptome should be pursued to improve our understanding of the platelet functional responses to trauma on a molecular level.
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24
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Krishnan A, Thomas S. Toward platelet transcriptomics in cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:316-322. [PMID: 34811507 PMCID: PMC8810955 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01627-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Widespread adoption of next-generation techniques such as RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) has enabled research examining the transcriptome of anucleate blood platelets in health and disease, thus revealing a rich platelet transcriptomic signature that is reprogrammed in response to disease. Platelet signatures not only capture information from parent megakaryocytes and progenitor hematopoietic stem cells but also the bone marrow microenvironment, and underlying disease states. In cancer, the substantive body of research in patients with solid tumours has identified distinct signatures in 'tumour-educated platelets', reflecting influences of the tumour, stroma and vasculature on splicing, sequestration of tumour-derived RNAs, and potentially cytokine and microvesicle influences on megakaryocytes. More recently, platelet RNA expression has emerged as a highly sensitive approach to profiling chronic progressive haematologic malignancies, where the combination of large data cohorts and machine-learning algorithms enables precise feature selection and potential prognostication. Despite these advances, however, our ability to translate platelet transcriptomics toward clinical diagnostic and prognostic efforts remains limited. In this Perspective, we present a few actionable steps for our basic, translational and clinical research communities in advancing the utility of the platelet transcriptome as a highly sensitive biomarker in cancer and collectively enable efforts toward clinical translation and patient benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anandi Krishnan
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Sally Thomas
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Haematology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Sheffield, UK
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25
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Capozzi A, Riitano G, Recalchi S, Manganelli V, Pulcinelli F, Garofalo T, Misasi R, Longo A, Sorice M. Effect of heparanase inhibitor on tissue factor overexpression in platelets and endothelial cells induced by anti-β2-GPI antibodies: Reply to comment from Mackman et al. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:261-262. [PMID: 34954878 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Capozzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gloria Riitano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Recalchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Manganelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Pulcinelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Tina Garofalo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Misasi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Agostina Longo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sorice
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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26
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Schrottmaier WC, Mussbacher M, Salzmann M, Kral-Pointner JB, Assinger A. PI3K Isoform Signalling in Platelets. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2022; 436:255-285. [PMID: 36243848 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-06566-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Platelets are unique anucleated blood cells that constantly patrol the vasculature to seal and prevent injuries in a process termed haemostasis. Thereby they rapidly adhere to the subendothelial matrix and recruit further platelets, resulting in platelet aggregates. Apart from their central role in haemostasis, they also kept some of their features inherited by their evolutionary ancestor-the haemocyte, which was also involved in immune defences. Together with leukocytes, platelets fight pathogenic invaders and guide many immune processes. In addition, they rely on several signalling pathways which are also relevant to immune cells. Among these, one of the central signalling hubs is the PI3K pathway. Signalling processes in platelets are unique as they lack a nucleus and therefore transcriptional regulation is absent. As a result, PI3K subclasses fulfil distinct roles in platelets compared to other cells. In contrast to leukocytes, the central PI3K subclass in platelet signalling is PI3K class Iβ, which underlines the uniqueness of this cell type and opens new ways for potential platelet-specific pharmacologic inhibition. An overview of platelet function and signalling with emphasis on PI3K subclasses and their respective inhibitors is given in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waltraud C Schrottmaier
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marion Mussbacher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, USA
| | - Manuel Salzmann
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia B Kral-Pointner
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alice Assinger
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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27
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Schwertz H, Rowley JW, Portier I, Middleton EA, Tolley ND, Campbell RA, Eustes AS, Chen K, Rondina MT. Human platelets display dysregulated sepsis-associated autophagy, induced by altered LC3 protein-protein interaction of the Vici-protein EPG5. Autophagy 2021; 18:1534-1550. [PMID: 34689707 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1990669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets mediate central aspects of host responses during sepsis, an acute profoundly systemic inflammatory response due to infection. Macroautophagy/autophagy, which mediates critical aspects of cellular responses during inflammatory conditions, is known to be a functional cellular process in anucleate platelets, and is essential for normal platelet functions. Nevertheless, how sepsis may alter autophagy in platelets has never been established. Using platelets isolated from septic patients and matched healthy controls, we show that during clinical sepsis, the number of autophagosomes is increased in platelets, most likely due to an accumulation of autophagosomes, some containing mitochondria and indicative of mitophagy. Therefore, autophagy induction or early-stage autophagosome formation (as compared to decreased later-stage autophagosome maturation or autophagosome-late endosome/lysosome fusion) is normal or increased. This was consistent with decreased fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes in platelets. EPG5 (ectopic P-granules autophagy protein 5 homolog), a protein essential for normal autophagy, expression did increase, while protein-protein interactions between EPG5 and MAP1LC3/LC3 (which orchestrate the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes) were significantly reduced in platelets during sepsis. Furthermore, data from a megakaryocyte model demonstrate the importance of TLR4 (toll like receptor 4), LPS-dependent signaling for regulating this mechanism. Similar phenotypes were also observed in platelets isolated from a patient with Vici syndrome: an inherited condition caused by a naturally occurring, loss-of-function mutation in EPG5. Together, we provide evidence that autophagic functions are aberrant in platelets during sepsis, due in part to reduced EPG5-LC3 interactions, regulated by TLR4 engagement, and the resultant accumulation of autophagosomes.Abbreviations: ACTB: beta actin; CLP: cecal ligation and puncture; Co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; DAP: death associated protein; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; EPG5: ectopic P-granules autophagy protein 5 homolog; ECL: enhanced chemiluminescence; HBSS: Hanks' balanced salt solution; HRP: horseradish peroxidase; ICU: intensive care unit; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MKs: megakaryocytes; PFA: paraformaldehyde; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PLA: proximity ligation assay; pRT-PCR: quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction; RT: room temperature; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; SDS-PAGE: sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; TLR4: toll like receptor 4; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; WGA: wheat germ agglutinin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansjörg Schwertz
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Work Wellness Clinic, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Division of Occupational Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Occupational Medicine, Billings Clinic Bozeman, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Jesse W Rowley
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Irina Portier
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Middleton
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Neal D Tolley
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Robert A Campbell
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Alicia S Eustes
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa in Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Karin Chen
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, and Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthew T Rondina
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, George E. Wahlen Salt Lake City VAMC, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Thomas S, Krishnan A. Platelet Heterogeneity in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:2661-2670. [PMID: 34615371 PMCID: PMC8551046 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are a group of malignant disorders of the bone marrow where a dysregulated balance between proliferation and differentiation gives rise to abnormal numbers of mature blood cells. MPNs encompass a spectrum of disease entities with progressively more severe clinical features, including complications with thrombosis and hemostasis and an increased propensity for transformation to acute myeloid leukemia. There is an unmet clinical need for markers of disease progression. Our understanding of the precise mechanisms that influence pathogenesis and disease progression has been limited by access to disease-specific cells as biosources. Here, we review the landscape of MPN pathology and present blood platelets as potential candidates for disease-specific understanding. We conclude with our recent work discovering progressive platelet heterogeneity by subtype in a large clinical cohort of patients with MPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Thomas
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield and Department of Haematology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, United Kingdom (S.T.)
| | - Anandi Krishnan
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (A.K.)
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29
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Ferrer-Raventós P, Beyer K. Alternative platelet activation pathways and their role in neurodegenerative diseases. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 159:105512. [PMID: 34537329 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW The study of platelets in the context of neurodegenerative diseases is intensifying, and increasing evidence suggests that platelets may play an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of platelets and their diverse activation pathways in the development of these diseases. RECENT FINDINGS Platelets participate in synaptic plasticity, learning, memory, and platelets activated by exercise promote neuronal differentiation in several brain regions. Platelets also contribute to the immune response by modulating their surface protein profile and releasing pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. In Alzheimer's disease, increased levels of platelet amyloid precursor protein raise the production of amyloid-beta peptides promoting platelet activation, triggering at the same time amyloid-beta fibrillation. In Parkinson's disease, increased platelet α-synuclein is associated with elevated ROS production and mitochondrial dysfunction. SUMMARY In this review, we revise different platelet activation pathways, those classically involved in hemostasis and wound healing, and alternative activation pathways recently described in the context of neurodegenerative diseases, especially in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Ferrer-Raventós
- Memory Unit, Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Katrin Beyer
- Department of Pathology, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
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30
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Fard MB, Fard SB, Ramazi S, Atashi A, Eslamifar Z. Thrombosis in COVID-19 infection: Role of platelet activation-mediated immunity. Thromb J 2021; 19:59. [PMID: 34425822 PMCID: PMC8380864 DOI: 10.1186/s12959-021-00311-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Thrombosis plays an important role in the Coronavrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection-related complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome and myocardial infarction. Multiple factors such as oxygen demand injuries, endothelial cells injury related to infection, and plaque formation. Main body Platelets obtained from the patients may have severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA, showing that the increased activation potential recommends platelet can be hyper-activated in severely ill SARS-CoV-2 cases. Platelets contain multiple receptors that interact with specific ligands. Pathogen’s receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptor, C-type lectin receptor family, glycoprotein (GP) such as GPαIIbβ3 and GPIbα which allow pathogens to interact with platelets. Platelet TLRs and NOD2 are involved in platelet activation and thrombosis. Accordingly, TLRs are critical receptors that could recognize various endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns and exogenous pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). TLRs are considered as important components in the activation of innate immunity response against pathogenic and non-pathogenic components like damaged tissues. TLRs-1,-2,-4,-6,-7 expression on or within platelets has been reported previously. Various PAMPs were indicated to be capable of binding to platelet-TLRs and inducing both the activation and promotion of downstream proinflammatory signaling cascade. Conclusion It is possible that the increased TLRs expression and TLR-mediated platelets activation during COVID-19 may enhance vascular and coronary thrombosis. It may be hypothesized using TLRs antagonist and monoclonal antibody against P-selectin, as the marker of leukocyte recruitment and platelet activation, besides viral therapy provide therapeutic advances in fighting against the thrombosis related complications in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shahin Ramazi
- Department of biophysics, faculty of biological sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Atashi
- Stem cell and tissue engineering research center, Shahroud university of medical sciences, Shahroud, Iran
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31
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Mohanty A, Mohanty SK, Rout S, Pani C. Liquid Biopsy, the hype vs. hope in molecular and clinical oncology. Semin Oncol 2021; 48:259-267. [PMID: 34384614 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The molecular landscape of tumors has been traditionally established using a biopsy or resection specimens. These modalities result in sampling bias that offer only a single snapshot of tumor heterogeneity. Over the last decade intensive research towards alleviating such a bias and obtaining an integral yet accurate portrait of the tumors, evolved to the use of established molecular and genetic analysis using blood and several other body fluids, such as urine, saliva, and pleural effusions as liquid biopsies. Genomic profiling of the circulating markers including circulating cell-free tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs) or even RNA, proteins, and lipids constituting exosomes, have facilitated the diligent monitoring of response to treatment, allowed one to follow the emergence of drug resistance, and enumerate minimal residual disease. The prevalence of tumor educated platelets (TEPs) and our understanding of how tumor cells influence platelets are beginning to unearth TEPs as a potentially dynamic component of liquid biopsies. Here, we review the biology, methodology, approaches, and clinical applications of biomarkers used to assess liquid biopsies. The current review addresses recent technological advances and different forms of liquid biopsy along with upcoming challenges and how they can be integrated to get the best possible tumor-derived genetic information that can be leveraged to more precise therapies for patient as liquid biopsies become increasingly routine in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Mohanty
- Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India.
| | - Sambit K Mohanty
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; CORE Diagnostics, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Sipra Rout
- Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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32
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Mussbacher M, Pirabe A, Brunnthaler L, Schrottmaier WC, Assinger A. Horizontal MicroRNA Transfer by Platelets - Evidence and Implications. Front Physiol 2021; 12:678362. [PMID: 34149456 PMCID: PMC8209332 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.678362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, platelets have been known for their central role in hemostasis and their ability to release bioactive molecules, allowing inter-platelet communication and crosstalk with the immune system and vascular cells. However, with the detection of microRNAs in platelets and platelet-derived microvesicles (MVs), a new level of inter-cellular regulation was revealed. By shedding MVs from their plasma membrane, platelets are able to release functional microRNA complexes that are protected from plasma RNases. Upon contact with macrophages, endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells platelet microRNAs are rapidly internalized and fine-tune the functionality of the recipient cell by post-transcriptional reprogramming. Moreover, microRNA transfer by platelet MVs allows infiltration into tissues with limited cellular access such as solid tumors, thereby they not only modulate tumor progression but also provide a potential route for drug delivery. Understanding the precise mechanisms of horizontal transfer of platelet microRNAs under physiological and pathological conditions allows to design side-specific therapeutic (micro)RNA delivery systems. This review summarizes the current knowledge and the scientific evidence of horizontal microRNA transfer by platelets and platelet-derived MVs into vascular and non-vascular cells and its physiological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Mussbacher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Anita Pirabe
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Brunnthaler
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Alice Assinger
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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33
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Gutmann C, Joshi A, Zampetaki A, Mayr M. The Landscape of Coding and Noncoding RNAs in Platelets. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:1200-1216. [PMID: 32460515 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Levels of platelet noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are altered by disease, and ncRNAs may exert functions inside and outside of platelets. Their role in physiologic hemostasis and pathologic thrombosis remains to be explored. Recent Advances: The number of RNA classes identified in platelets has been growing since the past decade. Apart from coding messenger RNAs, the RNA landscape in platelets comprises ncRNAs such as microRNAs, circular RNAs, long ncRNAs, YRNAs, and potentially environmentally derived exogenous ncRNAs. Recent research has focused on the function of platelet RNAs beyond platelets, mediated through protective RNA shuttles or even cellular uptake of entire platelets. Multiple studies have also explored the potential of platelet RNAs as novel biomarkers. Critical Issues: Platelet preparations can contain contaminating leukocytes. Even few leukocytes may contribute a substantial amount of RNA. As biomarkers, platelet RNAs have shown associations with platelet activation, but it remains to be seen whether their measurements could improve diagnostics. It also needs to be clarified whether platelet RNAs influence processes beyond platelets. Future Directions: Technological advances such as single-cell RNA-sequencing might help to identify hyperreactive platelet subpopulations on a single-platelet level, avoid the common problem of leukocyte contamination in platelet preparations, and allow simultaneous profiling of native megakaryocytes and their platelet progeny to clarify to what extent the platelet RNA content reflects their megakaryocyte precursors or changes in the circulation. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 1200-1216.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Gutmann
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abhishek Joshi
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Zampetaki
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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34
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Abstract
Platelets have long been known to play important roles beyond hemostasis and thrombosis. Now recognized as a bona fide mediator of malignant disease, platelets influence various aspects of cancer progression, most notably tumor cell metastasis. Interestingly, platelets isolated from cancer patients often display distinct RNA and protein profiles, with no clear alterations in hemostatic activity. This phenotypically distinct population, termed tumor-educated platelets, now receive significant attention for their potential use as a readily available liquid biopsy for early cancer detection. Although the mechanisms underpinning platelet education are still being defined, direct uptake and storage of tumor-derived factors, signal-dependent changes in platelet RNA processing, and differential platelet production by tumor-educated megakaryocytes are the most prominent scenarios. This article aims to cover the various modalities of platelet education by tumors, in addition to assessing their diagnostic potential.
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35
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Cañas CA, Cañas F, Bautista-Vargas M, Bonilla-Abadía F. Role of Tissue Factor in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19 and the Possible Ways to Inhibit It. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2021; 27:10760296211003983. [PMID: 33784877 PMCID: PMC8020089 DOI: 10.1177/10760296211003983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) is a highly contagious infection and associated with high mortality rates, primarily in elderly; patients with heart failure; high blood pressure; diabetes mellitus; and those who are smokers. These conditions are associated to increase in the level of the pulmonary epithelium expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2), which is a recognized receptor of the S protein of the causative agent SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2). Severe cases are manifested by parenchymal lung involvement with a significant inflammatory response and the development of microvascular thrombosis. Several factors have been involved in developing this prothrombotic state, including the inflammatory reaction itself with the participation of proinflammatory cytokines, endothelial dysfunction/endotheliitis, the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies, and possibly the tissue factor (TF) overexpression. ARS-Cov-19 ACE-2 down-regulation has been associated with an increase in angiotensin 2 (AT2). The action of proinflammatory cytokines, the increase in AT2 and the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies are known factors for TF activation and overexpression. It is very likely that the overexpression of TF in COVID-19 may be related to the pathogenesis of the disease, hence the importance of knowing the aspects related to this protein and the therapeutic strategies that can be derived. Different therapeutic strategies are being built to curb the expression of TF as a therapeutic target for various prothrombotic events; therefore, analyzing this treatment strategy for COVID-19-associated coagulopathy is rational. Medications such as celecoxib, cyclosporine or colchicine can impact on COVID-19, in addition to its anti-inflammatory effect, through inhibition of TF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. Cañas
- Unit of Rheumatology, Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
| | - Felipe Cañas
- Unit of Cardiology, Clínica Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Fabio Bonilla-Abadía
- Unit of Rheumatology, Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
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36
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Kraemer BF, Geimer M, Franz-Wachtel M, Lamkemeyer T, Mannell H, Lindemann S. Extracellular Matrix-Specific Platelet Activation Leads to a Differential Translational Response and Protein De Novo Synthesis in Human Platelets. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218155. [PMID: 33142786 PMCID: PMC7672557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are exposed to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins like collagen and laminin and to fibrinogen during acute vascular events. However, beyond hemostasis, platelets have the important capacity to migrate on ECM surfaces, but the translational response of platelets to different extracellular matrix stimuli is still not fully characterized. Using 2D-gel electrophoresis, confocal microscopy, polysome analysis and protein sequencing by mass spectrometry, we demonstrate that platelets show a differential expression profile of newly synthesized proteins on laminin, collagen or fibrinogen. In this context, we observed a characteristic, ECM-dependent translocation phenotype of translation initiation factor eIF4E to the ribosomal site. eIF4E accumulated in polysomes with increased binding of mRNA and co-localization with vinculin, leading to de novo synthesis of important cytoskeletal regulator proteins. As the first study, we included a proteome analysis of laminin-adherent platelets and interestingly identified upregulation of essentially important proteins that mediate cytoskeletal regulation and mobility in platelets, such as filamin A, talin, vinculin, gelsolin, coronin or kindlin-3. In summary, we demonstrate that platelet activation with extracellular matrix proteins results in a distinct stimulus-specific translational response of platelets that will help to improve our understanding of the regulation of platelet mobility and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjoern F. Kraemer
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany;
| | - Marc Geimer
- Klinik für Anästhesie, Intensiv- und Notfallmedizin, Westpfalz Klinikum Kaiserslautern, Hellmut-Hartert Str. 1, 67655 Kaiserslautern, Germany;
| | - Mirita Franz-Wachtel
- Proteasome Center Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Tobias Lamkemeyer
- Cluster of Excellence Cologne (CEDAD), Mass Spectrometry Facility at the Institute for Genetics, University of Köln, Josef-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Köln, Germany;
| | - Hanna Mannell
- Doctoral Programme of Clinical Pharmacy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr. 27, 81377 Munich, Germany;
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Stephan Lindemann
- Philipps Universität Marburg, FB 20-Medizin, Baldingerstraße, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- Klinikum Warburg, Medizinische Klinik II, Hüffertstr. 50, 34414 Warburg, Germany
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, Otfried-Muller-Str. 10, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Correspondence:
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A journey upstream: Fluctuating platelet-specific genes in cell-free plasma as proof-of-concept for using ribonucleic acid sequencing to improve understanding of postinjury platelet biology. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2020; 88:742-751. [PMID: 32195992 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000002681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms of aberrant circulating platelet behavior following injury remain unclear. Platelets retain megakaryocyte immature ribonucleic acid (RNA) splicing and protein synthesis machinery to alter their functions based on physiologic signals. We sought to identify fluctuating platelet-specific RNA transcripts in cell-free plasma (CFP) from traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients as proof-of-concept for using RNA sequencing to improve our understanding of postinjury platelet behavior. We hypothesized that we could identify differential expression of activated platelet-specific spliced RNA transcripts from CFP of patients with isolated severe fatal TBI (fTBI) compared with minimally injured trauma controls (t-controls), filtered by healthy control (h-control) data sets. METHODS High-read depth RNA sequencing was applied to CFP from 10 patients with fTBI (Abbreviated Injury Scale [AIS] for head ≥3, AIS for all other categories <3, and expired) and five t-controls (Injury Severity Score ≤1, and survived). A publicly available CFP RNA sequencing data set from 23 h-controls was used to determine the relative steady state of splice-form RNA transcripts discoverable in CFP. Activated platelet-specific spliced RNA transcripts were derived from studies of ex vivo platelet activation and identified by splice junction presence greater than 1.5-fold or less than 0.67-fold ex vivo nonactivated platelet-specific RNA transcripts. RESULTS Forty-two differentially spliced activated platelet-specific RNA transcripts in 34 genes were altered in CFP from fTBI patients (both upregulated and downregulated). CONCLUSION We have discovered differentially expressed activated platelet-specific spliced RNA transcripts present in CFP from isolated severe fTBI patients that are upregulated or downregulated compared with minimally injured trauma controls. This proof-of-concept suggests that a pool of immature platelet RNAs undergo splicing events after injury for presumed modulation of platelet protein products involved in platelet function. This validates our exploration of injury-induced platelet RNA transcript modulation as an upstream "liquid biopsy" to identify novel postinjury platelet biology and treatment targets for aberrant platelet behavior. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Diagnostic tests, level V.
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38
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Sol N, In 't Veld SGJG, Vancura A, Tjerkstra M, Leurs C, Rustenburg F, Schellen P, Verschueren H, Post E, Zwaan K, Ramaker J, Wedekind LE, Tannous J, Ylstra B, Killestein J, Mateen F, Idema S, de Witt Hamer PC, Navis AC, Leenders WPJ, Hoeben A, Moraal B, Noske DP, Vandertop WP, Nilsson RJA, Tannous BA, Wesseling P, Reijneveld JC, Best MG, Wurdinger T. Tumor-Educated Platelet RNA for the Detection and (Pseudo)progression Monitoring of Glioblastoma. CELL REPORTS MEDICINE 2020; 1:100101. [PMID: 33103128 PMCID: PMC7576690 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-educated platelets (TEPs) are potential biomarkers for cancer diagnostics. We employ TEP-derived RNA panels, determined by swarm intelligence, to detect and monitor glioblastoma. We assessed specificity by comparing the spliced RNA profile of TEPs from glioblastoma patients with multiple sclerosis and brain metastasis patients (validation series, n = 157; accuracy, 80%; AUC, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.74–0.89; p < 0.001]). Second, analysis of patients with glioblastoma versus asymptomatic healthy controls in an independent validation series (n = 347) provided a detection accuracy of 95% and AUC of 0.97 (95% CI, 0.95–0.99; p < 0.001). Finally, we developed the digitalSWARM algorithm to improve monitoring of glioblastoma progression and demonstrate that the TEP tumor scores of individual glioblastoma patients represent tumor behavior and could be used to distinguish false positive progression from true progression (validation series, n = 20; accuracy, 85%; AUC, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.70–1.00; p < 0.012]). In conclusion, TEPs have potential as a minimally invasive biosource for blood-based diagnostics and monitoring of glioblastoma patients. TEP RNA enables blood-based brain tumor diagnostics TEP RNA is dynamic throughout anti-tumor treatment TEP RNA may be employed for therapy monitoring
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Affiliation(s)
- Nik Sol
- Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sjors G J G In 't Veld
- Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Adrienne Vancura
- Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maud Tjerkstra
- Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cyra Leurs
- Department of Neurology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - François Rustenburg
- Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pepijn Schellen
- Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Heleen Verschueren
- Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Edward Post
- Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kenn Zwaan
- Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jip Ramaker
- Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laurine E Wedekind
- Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jihane Tannous
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bauke Ylstra
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joep Killestein
- Department of Neurology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Farrah Mateen
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sander Idema
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Philip C de Witt Hamer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anna C Navis
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - William P J Leenders
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ann Hoeben
- Department of Medical Oncology, Maastricht Academical Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan Moraal
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - David P Noske
- Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W Peter Vandertop
- Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R Jonas A Nilsson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bakhos A Tannous
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pieter Wesseling
- Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap C Reijneveld
- Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Myron G Best
- Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Wurdinger
- Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Neu CT, Gutschner T, Haemmerle M. Post-Transcriptional Expression Control in Platelet Biogenesis and Function. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207614. [PMID: 33076269 PMCID: PMC7589263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are highly abundant cell fragments of the peripheral blood that originate from megakaryocytes. Beside their well-known role in wound healing and hemostasis, they are emerging mediators of the immune response and implicated in a variety of pathophysiological conditions including cancer. Despite their anucleate nature, they harbor a diverse set of RNAs, which are subject to an active sorting mechanism from megakaryocytes into proplatelets and affect platelet biogenesis and function. However, sorting mechanisms are poorly understood, but RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) have been suggested to play a crucial role. Moreover, RBPs may regulate RNA translation and decay following platelet activation. In concert with other regulators, including microRNAs, long non-coding and circular RNAs, RBPs control multiple steps of the platelet life cycle. In this review, we will highlight the different RNA species within platelets and their impact on megakaryopoiesis, platelet biogenesis and platelet function. Additionally, we will focus on the currently known concepts of post-transcriptional control mechanisms important for RNA fate within platelets with a special emphasis on RBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin T. Neu
- Institute of Pathology, Section for Experimental Pathology, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany;
| | - Tony Gutschner
- Junior Research Group ‘RNA Biology and Pathogenesis’, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany;
| | - Monika Haemmerle
- Institute of Pathology, Section for Experimental Pathology, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-345-557-3964
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40
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Rawish E, Nording H, Münte T, Langer HF. Platelets as Mediators of Neuroinflammation and Thrombosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:548631. [PMID: 33123127 PMCID: PMC7572851 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.548631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond platelets function in hemostasis, there is emerging evidence to suggest that platelets contribute crucially to inflammation and immune responses. Therefore, considering the detrimental role of inflammatory conditions in severe neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis or stroke, this review outlines platelets involvement in neuroinflammation. For this, distinct mechanisms of platelet-mediated thrombosis and inflammation are portrayed, focusing on the interaction of platelet receptors with other immune cells as well as brain endothelial cells. Furthermore, we draw attention to the intimate interplay between platelets and the complement system as well as between platelets and plasmatic coagulation factors in the course of neuroinflammation. Following the thorough exposition of preclinical approaches which aim at ameliorating disease severity after inducing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (a counterpart of multiple sclerosis in mice) or brain ischemia-reperfusion injury, the clinical relevance of platelet-mediated neuroinflammation is addressed. Thus, current as well as future propitious translational and clinical strategies for the treatment of neuro-inflammatory diseases by affecting platelet function are illustrated, emphasizing that targeting platelet-mediated neuroinflammation could become an efficient adjunct therapy to mitigate disease severity of multiple sclerosis or stroke associated brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Rawish
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Henry Nording
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thomas Münte
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Clinic for Neurology, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Harald F. Langer
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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41
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Platelet activation and platelet-monocyte aggregate formation trigger tissue factor expression in patients with severe COVID-19. Blood 2020; 136:1330-1341. [PMID: 32678428 PMCID: PMC7483437 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020007252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 526] [Impact Index Per Article: 131.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emergent pathogen responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Since its emergence, the novel coronavirus has rapidly achieved pandemic proportions causing remarkably increased morbidity and mortality around the world. A hypercoagulability state has been reported as a major pathologic event in COVID-19, and thromboembolic complications listed among life-threatening complications of the disease. Platelets are chief effector cells of hemostasis and pathological thrombosis. However, the participation of platelets in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 remains elusive. This report demonstrates that increased platelet activation and platelet-monocyte aggregate formation are observed in severe COVID-19 patients, but not in patients presenting mild COVID-19 syndrome. In addition, exposure to plasma from severe COVID-19 patients increased the activation of control platelets ex vivo. In our cohort of COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit, platelet-monocyte interaction was strongly associated with tissue factor (TF) expression by the monocytes. Platelet activation and monocyte TF expression were associated with markers of coagulation exacerbation as fibrinogen and D-dimers, and were increased in patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation or patients who evolved with in-hospital mortality. Finally, platelets from severe COVID-19 patients were able to induce TF expression ex vivo in monocytes from healthy volunteers, a phenomenon that was inhibited by platelet P-selectin neutralization or integrin αIIb/β3 blocking with the aggregation inhibitor abciximab. Altogether, these data shed light on new pathological mechanisms involving platelet activation and platelet-dependent monocyte TF expression, which were associated with COVID-19 severity and mortality.
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Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic now totaling 13,000,000 cases and over 571,000 deaths has continued to teach the medical, scientific and lay communities about viral infectious disease in the modern era. Among the many lessons learned for the medical community is the potential for transmissibility and host infectivity of the SARS–CoV-2 virus. Moreover, it has become clear that the virus can affect any organ including the circulatory system, directly via either tissue tropism or indirectly stemming from inflammatory responses in the form of innate immunity, leukocyte debris such as cell-free DNA and histones and RNA viral particles. The following review considers COVID-19-associated vasculitis and vasculopathy as a defining feature of a virus-induced systemic disease with acute, subacute and potential chronic health implications.
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43
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Dong X, Ding S, Yu M, Niu L, Xue L, Zhao Y, Xie L, Song X, Song X. Small Nuclear RNAs (U1, U2, U5) in Tumor-Educated Platelets Are Downregulated and Act as Promising Biomarkers in Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1627. [PMID: 32903345 PMCID: PMC7434840 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Small nuclear RNA (snRNA) levels are extremely variable across a wide range of biological conditions. SnRNAs could potentially regulate alternative splicing to drive genetic, dysplastic and neoplastic disease, which might be the main reason for mRNA profile alteration in tumor educated platelets (TEPs). Methods Platelets were isolated from the plasma of lung cancer patients and healthy donors by low-speed centrifugation and subjected to RNA isolation. SnRNA U1, U2, U5 levels were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation and identified by qNano. Results TEP U1, U2, U5 levels were significantly decreased in patients with lung cancer as well as with early stage patients, their downregulation was correlated with lung cancer progression, possessing favorable diagnostic efficiency. More importantly, TEP U1, U2 and U5 levels were closely correlated between paired exosomes and TEP from treated patients but not from untreated ones, and U1, U5 but not U2 in platelets were elevated by apo-exosomes. Conclusion Tumor educated platelet small nuclear RNAs are downregulated and act as promising biomarkers in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shanshan Ding
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Limin Niu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Linlin Xue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yajing Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Li Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xingguo Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xianrang Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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44
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Dib PRB, Quirino-Teixeira AC, Merij LB, Pinheiro MBM, Rozini SV, Andrade FB, Hottz ED. Innate immune receptors in platelets and platelet-leukocyte interactions. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:1157-1182. [PMID: 32779243 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4mr0620-701r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are chief cells in hemostasis. Apart from their hemostatic roles, platelets are major inflammatory effector cells that can influence both innate and adaptive immune responses. Activated platelets have thromboinflammatory functions linking hemostatic and immune responses in several physiological and pathological conditions. Among many ways in which platelets exert these functions, platelet expression of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including TLR, Nod-like receptor, and C-type lectin receptor families, plays major roles in sensing and responding to pathogen-associated or damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs and DAMPs, respectively). In this review, an increasing body of evidence is compiled showing the participation of platelet innate immune receptors, including PRRs, in infectious diseases, sterile inflammation, and cancer. How platelet recognition of endogenous DAMPs participates in sterile inflammatory diseases and thrombosis is discussed. In addition, platelet recognition of both PAMPs and DAMPs initiates platelet-mediated inflammation and vascular thrombosis in infectious diseases, including viral, bacterial, and parasite infections. The study also focuses on the involvement of innate immune receptors in platelet activation during cancer, and their contribution to tumor microenvironment development and metastasis. Finally, how innate immune receptors participate in platelet communication with leukocytes, modulating leukocyte-mediated inflammation and immune functions, is highlighted. These cell communication processes, including platelet-induced release of neutrophil extracellular traps, platelet Ag presentation to T-cells and platelet modulation of monocyte cytokine secretion are discussed in the context of infectious and sterile diseases of major concern in human health, including cardiovascular diseases, dengue, HIV infection, sepsis, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Ribeiro Braga Dib
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil.,Laboratory of Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Obesity, Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Anna Cecíllia Quirino-Teixeira
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Laura Botelho Merij
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Mariana Brandi Mendonça Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Stephane Vicente Rozini
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Brandi Andrade
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Eugenio Damaceno Hottz
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
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45
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Nording H, Baron L, Langer HF. Platelets as therapeutic targets to prevent atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2020; 307:97-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Gutmann C, Joshi A, Mayr M. Platelet "-omics" in health and cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis 2020; 307:87-96. [PMID: 32646580 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The importance of platelets for cardiovascular disease was established as early as the 19th century. Their therapeutic inhibition stands alongside the biggest achievements in medicine. Still, certain aspects of platelet pathophysiology remain unclear. This includes platelet resistance to antiplatelet therapy and the contribution of platelets to vascular remodelling and extends beyond cardiovascular disease to haematological disorders and cancer. To address these gaps in our knowledge, a better understanding of the underlying molecular processes is needed. This will be enabled by technologies that capture dysregulated molecular processes and can integrate them into a broader network of biological systems. The advent of -omics technologies, such as mass spectrometry proteomics, metabolomics and lipidomics; highly multiplexed affinity-based proteomics; microarray- or RNA-sequencing-(RNA-seq)-based transcriptomics, and most recently ribosome footprint-based translatomics, has enabled a more holistic understanding of platelet biology. Most of these methods have already been applied to platelets, and this review will summarise this information and discuss future developments in this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Gutmann
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Abhishek Joshi
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom.
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47
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Bhagat S, Biswas I, Ahmed R, Khan GA. Hypoxia induced up-regulation of tissue factor is mediated through extracellular RNA activated Toll-like receptor 3-activated protein 1 signalling. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2020; 84:102459. [PMID: 32559654 PMCID: PMC7287429 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2020.102459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Sterile Inflammation (SI), a condition where damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released from dying cells, leads to TLR (Toll-like receptor) activation and triggers hypoxemia in circulation leading to venous thrombosis (VT) through tissue factor (TF) activation, but its importance under acute hypoxia (AH) remains unexplored. Thus, we hypothesized that eRNA released from dying cells under AH activates TF via the TLR3-ERK1/2-AP1 pathway, leading to VT. Animals were exposed to stimulate hypoxia for 0–24 h at standard temperature and humidity. RNaseA and DNase1 were injected immediately before exposure. TLR3 gene silencing was performed through in vivo injection of TLR3 siRNA. 80 μg/kg BW of isolated eRNA and eDNA were injected 6 h prior to sacrifice. Antigens of TF pathway were determined by ELISA and TF activity by a chromogenic assay. AH exposure significantly induced release of SI markers i.e. eRNA, eDNA, HMGB1 and upregulated TLR3, ERK1/2 (Extracellular signal-regulated kinases), AP1 (Activator Protein-1) and TF, whereas RNaseA pre-treatment diminished the effect of AH, thus inhibiting TF expression as well as activity during AH. Hence, we propose a possible mechanism of AH-induced TF activation and thrombosis where RNaseA can become the novel focal point in ameliorating therapy for AH induced thrombosis. Acute hypoxia exposure leads to systemic Sterile Inflammation. eRNA regulates upregulation of TF by activation of TLR3 pathway. RNase A pre-treatment ameliorates effect of acute hypoxia on coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Bhagat
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Indranil Biswas
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Rehan Ahmed
- Army Hospital Research and Referral, Delhi, India
| | - Gausal A Khan
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Timarpur, Delhi, India; Department of Physiology and Physiotherapy, CMNHS, Fiji National University, Suva, Fiji Islands.
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48
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Abdel-Bakky MS, Helal GK, El-Sayed EM, Alhowail AH, Mansour AM, Alharbi KS, Amin E, Allam S, Salama SA, Saad AS. Silencing of tissue factor by antisense deoxyoligonucleotide mitigates thioacetamide-induced liver injury. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 393:1887-1898. [PMID: 32430618 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01896-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoid receptors (RRs), RAR-α and RXR-α, work as transcription factors that regulate cell growth, differentiation, survival, and death. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) store retinoid and release its RRs as lipid droplets upon their activation. PURPOSE We test the hypothesis that loss of retinoid receptors RAR-α and RXR-α from HSCs is dependent on tissue factor (TF) during thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver injury. METHODS Liver toxicity markers, TF, fibrin, cleaved caspase-3, and cyclin D1 as well as histopathology were investigated. RESULTS Increased TF, fibrin, cleaved caspase-3, and cyclin D1 protein expression is seen in zone of central vein after TAA injection compared with vehicle-treated mice. A strong downregulation of RAR-α and RXR-α is seen in TAA-induced liver injury. In addition, histopathological obliteration and pericentral expression of cleaved caspase 3 and cyclin D1 are observed after TAA injection compared with the normal vehicle-treated mice. No changes have been seen in TAA/TF-sense (SC) in whole parameters compared with TAA-treated animals. TAA/TF-antisense (AS)-treated mice show normal expression of all parameters and normal histopathological features when compared with the control mice. In conclusion, this study declares that the strong downregulation of RAR-α and RXR-α may cause liver injury and particularly activation of HSCs in TAA-induced toxicity. TF-AS treatment not only downregulates TF protein expression but also alleviates loss of liver RAR-α and RXR-α and suppresses the activated apoptosis signals in TAA-induced liver toxicity. Finally, TF and RAR-α/RXR-α are important regulatory molecules in TAA induced acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Abdel-Bakky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11751, Egypt. .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - G K Helal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11751, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - E M El-Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11751, Egypt
| | - A H Alhowail
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - A M Mansour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11751, Egypt
| | - K S Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakakah, 72341, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Elham Amin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, 52471, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - S Allam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafralsheikh University, Kafralsheikh, Egypt
| | - S A Salama
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11751, Egypt.,Division of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacology and GTMR Unit, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, 21974, Saudi Arabia
| | - A S Saad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
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Rondina MT, Voora D, Simon LM, Schwertz H, Harper JF, Lee O, Bhatlekar SC, Li Q, Eustes AS, Montenont E, Campbell RA, Tolley ND, Kosaka Y, Weyrich AS, Bray PF, Rowley JW. Longitudinal RNA-Seq Analysis of the Repeatability of Gene Expression and Splicing in Human Platelets Identifies a Platelet SELP Splice QTL. Circ Res 2019; 126:501-516. [PMID: 31852401 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.315215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Longitudinal studies are required to distinguish within versus between-individual variation and repeatability of gene expression. They are uniquely positioned to decipher genetic signal from environmental noise, with potential application to gene variant and expression studies. However, longitudinal analyses of gene expression in healthy individuals-especially with regards to alternative splicing-are lacking for most primary cell types, including platelets. OBJECTIVE To assess repeatability of gene expression and splicing in platelets and use repeatability to identify novel platelet expression quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and splice QTLs. METHODS AND RESULTS We sequenced the transcriptome of platelets isolated repeatedly up to 4 years from healthy individuals. We examined within and between individual variation and repeatability of platelet RNA expression and exon skipping, a readily measured alternative splicing event. We find that platelet gene expression is generally stable between and within-individuals over time-with the exception of a subset of genes enriched for the inflammation gene ontology. We show an enrichment among repeatable genes for associations with heritable traits, including known and novel platelet expression QTLs. Several exon skipping events were also highly repeatable, suggesting heritable patterns of splicing in platelets. One of the most repeatable was exon 14 skipping of SELP. Accordingly, we identify rs6128 as a platelet splice QTL and define an rs6128-dependent association between SELP exon 14 skipping and race. In vitro experiments demonstrate that this single nucleotide variant directly affects exon 14 skipping and changes the ratio of transmembrane versus soluble P-selectin protein production. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the platelet transcriptome is generally stable over 4 years. We demonstrate the use of repeatability of gene expression and splicing to identify novel platelet expression QTLs and splice QTLs. rs6128 is a platelet splice QTL that alters SELP exon 14 skipping and soluble versus transmembrane P-selectin protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Rondina
- From the Molecular Medicine Program (M.T.R., H.S., J.F.H., O.L., S.C.B., A.S.E., E.M., R.A.C., N.D.T., Y.K., A.S.W., P.F.B., J.W.R.)
- Department of Internal Medicine (M.T.R., H.S., R.A.C., A.S.W., P.F.B., J.W.R.)
- George E. Wahlen VAMC Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center (M.T.R.)
| | - Deepak Voora
- Duke Center for Applied Genomics & Precision Medicine, Durham, NC (D.V.)
| | - Lukas M Simon
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Computational Biology, Neuherberg, Germany (L.M.S.)
| | - Hansjörg Schwertz
- From the Molecular Medicine Program (M.T.R., H.S., J.F.H., O.L., S.C.B., A.S.E., E.M., R.A.C., N.D.T., Y.K., A.S.W., P.F.B., J.W.R.)
- Department of Internal Medicine (M.T.R., H.S., R.A.C., A.S.W., P.F.B., J.W.R.)
- Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City (H.S.)
| | - Julie F Harper
- From the Molecular Medicine Program (M.T.R., H.S., J.F.H., O.L., S.C.B., A.S.E., E.M., R.A.C., N.D.T., Y.K., A.S.W., P.F.B., J.W.R.)
| | - Olivia Lee
- From the Molecular Medicine Program (M.T.R., H.S., J.F.H., O.L., S.C.B., A.S.E., E.M., R.A.C., N.D.T., Y.K., A.S.W., P.F.B., J.W.R.)
| | - Seema C Bhatlekar
- From the Molecular Medicine Program (M.T.R., H.S., J.F.H., O.L., S.C.B., A.S.E., E.M., R.A.C., N.D.T., Y.K., A.S.W., P.F.B., J.W.R.)
| | - Qing Li
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (Q.L.)
| | - Alicia S Eustes
- From the Molecular Medicine Program (M.T.R., H.S., J.F.H., O.L., S.C.B., A.S.E., E.M., R.A.C., N.D.T., Y.K., A.S.W., P.F.B., J.W.R.)
| | - Emilie Montenont
- From the Molecular Medicine Program (M.T.R., H.S., J.F.H., O.L., S.C.B., A.S.E., E.M., R.A.C., N.D.T., Y.K., A.S.W., P.F.B., J.W.R.)
| | - Robert A Campbell
- From the Molecular Medicine Program (M.T.R., H.S., J.F.H., O.L., S.C.B., A.S.E., E.M., R.A.C., N.D.T., Y.K., A.S.W., P.F.B., J.W.R.)
- Department of Internal Medicine (M.T.R., H.S., R.A.C., A.S.W., P.F.B., J.W.R.)
| | - Neal D Tolley
- From the Molecular Medicine Program (M.T.R., H.S., J.F.H., O.L., S.C.B., A.S.E., E.M., R.A.C., N.D.T., Y.K., A.S.W., P.F.B., J.W.R.)
| | - Yasuhiro Kosaka
- From the Molecular Medicine Program (M.T.R., H.S., J.F.H., O.L., S.C.B., A.S.E., E.M., R.A.C., N.D.T., Y.K., A.S.W., P.F.B., J.W.R.)
| | - Andrew S Weyrich
- From the Molecular Medicine Program (M.T.R., H.S., J.F.H., O.L., S.C.B., A.S.E., E.M., R.A.C., N.D.T., Y.K., A.S.W., P.F.B., J.W.R.)
- Department of Internal Medicine (M.T.R., H.S., R.A.C., A.S.W., P.F.B., J.W.R.)
| | - Paul F Bray
- From the Molecular Medicine Program (M.T.R., H.S., J.F.H., O.L., S.C.B., A.S.E., E.M., R.A.C., N.D.T., Y.K., A.S.W., P.F.B., J.W.R.)
- Department of Internal Medicine (M.T.R., H.S., R.A.C., A.S.W., P.F.B., J.W.R.)
| | - Jesse W Rowley
- From the Molecular Medicine Program (M.T.R., H.S., J.F.H., O.L., S.C.B., A.S.E., E.M., R.A.C., N.D.T., Y.K., A.S.W., P.F.B., J.W.R.)
- Department of Internal Medicine (M.T.R., H.S., R.A.C., A.S.W., P.F.B., J.W.R.)
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Inflammation in acute coronary syndrome: Expression of TLR2 mRNA is increased in platelets of patients with ACS. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224181. [PMID: 31644579 PMCID: PMC6808418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Platelets are key components in atherogenesis and determine the course of its clinical sequelae acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Components of the innate immune system—the superfamily of TLR receptors–are present in platelets and represent a link between atherothrombosis and inflammation. We hypothesize that alteration in platelet TLR mRNA expression is a result of inflammation driving coronary atherosclerosis and may represent an alternative platelet activation pathway in ACS. TLR2-, TLR4- and TLR9- mRNA-expression was determined in ACS patients and compared to patients with invasive exclusion of atherosclerotic lesions of coronary arteries. Methods A total of fifty-four patients were enrolled in this clinical retrospective cohort single centre study. Total RNA from sepharose-filtered highly purified platelets was isolated using acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction and transcribed to cDNA using a first strand cDNA synthesis kit. To determine absolute copy numbers of TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9 we used plasmid based quantitative PCR with normalisation to an internal control. Results We found that mRNA expression levels of TLR2 but not TLR 4 and 9 are up-regulated in platelets of patients with ACS when compared to patients without coronary atherosclerosis. Conclusion Our results suggest elevated TLR2 mRNA expression in platelets as a biomarker reflecting the underlying inflammation in ACS and possibly severity of coronary atherosclerosis. Platelet TLR2 may represent a link between inflammation and atherothrombosis in ACS.
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