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Wu K, Zhang Y, Mao D, Iberg CA, Yin-Declue H, Sun K, Keeler SP, Wikfors HA, Young D, Yantis J, Austin SR, Byers DE, Brody SL, Crouch EC, Romero AG, Holtzman MJ. MAPK13 controls structural remodeling and disease after epithelial injury. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.31.596863. [PMID: 38895360 PMCID: PMC11185504 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.31.596863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
All living organisms are charged with repair after injury particularly at epithelial barrier sites, but in some cases this response leads instead to structural remodeling and long-term disease. Identifying the molecular and cellular control of this divergence is key to disease modification. In that regard, stress kinase control of epithelial stem cells is a rational entry point for study. Here we examine the potential for mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 (MAPK13) regulation of epithelial stem cells using models of respiratory viral injury and post-viral lung disease. We show that Mapk13 gene-knockout mice handle acute infectious illness as expected but are protected against structural remodeling manifest as basal-epithelial stem cell (basal-ESC) hyperplasia-metaplasia, immune activation, and mucinous differentiation. In corresponding cell models, Mapk13-deficiency directly attenuates basal-ESC growth and organoid formation. Extension to human studies shows marked induction/activation of basal-cell MAPK13 in clinical samples of comparable remodeling found in asthma and COPD. Here again, MAPK13 gene-knockdown inhibits human basal-ESC growth in culture. Together, the data identify MAPK13 as a control for structural remodeling and disease after epithelial injury and as a suitable target for down-regulation as a disease-modifying strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangyun Wu
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Yong Zhang
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Dailing Mao
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Courtney A. Iberg
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Huiqing Yin-Declue
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Kelly Sun
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Shamus P. Keeler
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Hallie A. Wikfors
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Deanna Young
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Jennifer Yantis
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Stephen R. Austin
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Derek E Byers
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Steven L. Brody
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Erika C. Crouch
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Arthur G. Romero
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Michael J. Holtzman
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- NuPeak Therapeutics Inc., St. Louis, MO 63105
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2
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Holtzman MJ, Zhang Y, Wu K, Romero AG. Mitogen-activated protein kinase-guided drug discovery for post-viral and related types of lung disease. Eur Respir Rev 2024; 33:230220. [PMID: 38417971 PMCID: PMC10900067 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0220-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viral infections are a major public health problem, with much of their morbidity and mortality due to post-viral lung diseases that progress and persist after the active infection is cleared. This paradigm is implicated in the most common forms of chronic lung disease, such as asthma and COPD, as well as other virus-linked diseases including progressive and long-term coronavirus disease 2019. Despite the impact of these diseases, there is a lack of small-molecule drugs available that can precisely modify this type of disease process. Here we will review current progress in understanding the pathogenesis of post-viral and related lung disease with characteristic remodelling phenotypes. We will also develop how this data leads to mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in general and MAPK13 in particular as key druggable targets in this pathway. We will also explore recent advances and predict the future breakthroughs in structure-based drug design that will provide new MAPK inhibitors as drug candidates for clinical applications. Each of these developments point to a more effective approach to treating the distinct epithelial and immune cell based mechanisms, which better account for the morbidity and mortality of post-viral and related types of lung disease. This progress is vital given the growing prevalence of respiratory viruses and other inhaled agents that trigger stereotyped progression to acute illness and chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Holtzman
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- NuPeak Therapeutics Inc., St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yong Zhang
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kangyun Wu
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Arthur G Romero
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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3
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Laubhahn K, Schaub B. From preschool wheezing to asthma: Immunological determinants. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2023; 34:e14038. [PMID: 37877843 DOI: 10.1111/pai.14038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Asthma represents a chronic respiratory disease affecting millions of children worldwide. The transition from preschool wheezing to school-age asthma involves a multifaceted interplay of various factors, including immunological aspects in early childhood. These factors include complex cellular interactions among different immune cell subsets, induction of pro-inflammatory mediators and the molecular impact of environmental factors like allergens or viral infections on the developing immune system. Furthermore, the activation of specific genes and signalling pathways during this early phase plays a pivotal role in the manifestation of symptoms and subsequent development of asthma. Early identification of the propensity or risk for asthma development, for example by allergen sensitisation and viral infections during this critical period, is crucial for understanding the transition from wheeze to asthma. Favourable immune regulation during a critical 'window of opportunity' in early childhood can induce persistent changes in immune cell behaviour. In this context, trained immunity, including memory function of innate immune cells, has significant implications for understanding immune responses, potentially shaping long-term immunological outcomes based on early-life environmental exposures. Exploration of these underlying immune mechanisms that drive disease progression will provide valuable insights to understand childhood asthma development. This will be instrumental to develop preventive strategies at different stages of disease development for (i) inhibiting progression from wheeze to asthma or (ii) reducing disease severity and (iii) uncovering novel therapeutic strategies and contributing to more tailored and effective treatments for childhood asthma. In the long term, this shall empower healthcare professionals to develop evidence-based interventions that reduce the burden of asthma for children, families and society overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Laubhahn
- Department of Pulmonary and Allergy, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Member of German Centre for Lung Research - DZL, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bianca Schaub
- Department of Pulmonary and Allergy, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Member of German Centre for Lung Research - DZL, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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4
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Tesari Crnković H, Bendelja K, Drkulec V, Gjergja Juraški R, Turkalj M. Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Specific Antibodies and Atopic Diseases in Children: A 10-Year Follow-Up. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12040546. [PMID: 37111432 PMCID: PMC10142345 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) stimulates the production of specific immunoglobulin (Ig) E and IgG4 antibodies as a hallmark of the Th2 immune response. In this paper, we evaluated the occurrence of atopic diseases in 10-year-old children who were positive for RSV-specific IgG antibodies during infancy. Methods: The prospective follow-up of 72 children included a physical examination, an International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire and the determination of RSV-specific antibodies and total and allergen-specific IgE. Results: Children with asthma had their first wheezing episode at a younger age (χ2 8.097, df = 1, p = 0.004). RSV-specific IgG4 levels at year one were positively correlated with atopic dermatitis (AD) (tau_b = 0.211, p = 0.049) and current AD (tau_b = 0.269, p = 0.012); and RSV-specific IgE levels were positively correlated with allergic rhinitis (AR) (tau_b = 0.290, p = 0.012) and current AR (tau_b = 0.260, p = 0.025). Positive RSV-specific IgE at the age of one increased the chances of asthma occurrence by 5.94 (OR = 5.94, 95% CI = 1.05–33.64; p = 0.044) and the chances of AR by more than 15 times (OR = 15.03, 95% CI = 2.08–108.72; p = 0.007). A positive family history of atopy increased the chances of asthma occurrence by 5.49 times (OR = 5.49, 95% CI = 1.01–30.07; p = 0.049), and a longer duration of exclusive breastfeeding lowered that chance (OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.45–0.89; p = 0.008). Prenatal smoking increased the chances of AR occurrence by 7.63 times (OR = 7.63, 95% CI = 1.59–36.53; p = 0.011). Conclusion: RSV-specific IgE and RSV-specific IgG4 antibodies could be risk markers for the development of atopic diseases in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Tesari Crnković
- Department of Paediatrics, General County Hospital Požega, Osječka 107, 34000 Požega, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Krešo Bendelja
- Center for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Rockefeller Street 10, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vlado Drkulec
- Department of Paediatrics, General County Hospital Požega, Osječka 107, 34000 Požega, Croatia
| | - Romana Gjergja Juraški
- Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Neuropaediatric Department, Srebrnjak Children’s Hospital, Srebrnjak 100, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirjana Turkalj
- Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Pulmonology and Allergology, Srebrnjak Children’s Hospital, Srebrnjak 100, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, Catholic University of Croatia, Ilica 242, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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5
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Zhang S, Liu Y, Javeed A, Jian C, Sun J, Wu S, Han B. Treatment of allergy: Overview of synthetic anti-allergy small molecules in medicinal chemistry. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 249:115151. [PMID: 36731273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of allergic diseases has been continuously increasing over the past few decades, affecting approximately 20-30% of the global population. Allergic reactions to infection of respiratory tract, digestive tract, and skin system involve multiple different targets. The main difficulty of anti-allergy research is how to develop drugs with good curative effect and less side effects by adopting new multi-targets and mechanisms according to the clinical characteristics of different allergic populations and different allergens. This review focuses on information concerning potential therapeutic targets as well as the synthetic anti-allergy small molecules with respect to their medicinal chemistry. The structure-activity relationship and the mechanism of compound-target interaction were highlighted with perspective to histamine-1/4 receptor antagonists, leukotriene biosynthesis, Th2 cytokines inhibitors, and calcium channel blockers. We hope that the study of chemical scaffold modification and optimization for different lead compounds summarized in this review not only lays the foundation for improvement of success rate and efficiency of virtual screening of antiallergic drugs, but also can provide valuable reference for the drug design of related promising research such as allergy, inflammation, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Laboratory of Antiallergy Functional Molecules, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Hangzhou Zheda Dixun Biological Gene Engineering Co., LTD., Hangzhou, China
| | - Ansar Javeed
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Laboratory of Antiallergy Functional Molecules, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Cuiqin Jian
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Laboratory of Antiallergy Functional Molecules, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jinlyu Sun
- Department of Allergy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergic Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Shandong Wu
- Hangzhou Zheda Dixun Biological Gene Engineering Co., LTD., Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingnan Han
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Laboratory of Antiallergy Functional Molecules, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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6
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Resiliac J, Rohlfing M, Santoro J, Hussain SRA, Grayson MH. Low-Dose Lipopolysaccharide Protects from Lethal Paramyxovirus Infection in a Macrophage- and TLR4-Dependent Process. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:348-355. [PMID: 36480273 PMCID: PMC9851983 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory diseases are a major public health burden and a leading cause of death and disability in the world. Understanding antiviral immune responses is crucial to alleviate morbidity and mortality associated with these respiratory viral infections. Previous data from human and animal studies suggested that pre-existing atopy may provide some protection against severe disease from a respiratory viral infection. However, the mechanism(s) of protection is not understood. Low-dose LPS has been shown to drive an atopic phenotype in mice. In addition, LPS has been shown in vitro to have an antiviral effect. We examined the effect of LPS treatment on mortality to the murine parainfluenza virus Sendai virus. Low-dose LPS treatment 24 h before inoculation with a normally lethal dose of Sendai virus greatly reduced death. This protection was associated with a reduced viral titer and reduced inflammatory cytokine production in the airways. The administration of LPS was associated with a marked increase in lung neutrophils and macrophages. Depletion of neutrophils failed to reverse the protective effect of LPS; however, depletion of macrophages reversed the protective effect of LPS. Further, we demonstrate that the protective effect of LPS depends on type I IFN and TLR4-MyD88 signaling. Together, these studies demonstrate pretreatment with low-dose LPS provides a survival advantage against a severe respiratory viral infection through a macrophage-, TLR4-, and MyD88-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Resiliac
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Columbus, Ohio
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Michelle Rohlfing
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jennifer Santoro
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Syed-Rehan A. Hussain
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mitchell H. Grayson
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbus, Ohio
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children’s Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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7
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Immunopathology of Differing Viral Infection in Allergic Asthma Disease. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2022; 42:715-726. [DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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Resiliac J, Santoro J, Hussain SRA, Rohlfing M, Grayson MH. Mouse Model of Sendai Virus-Induced Lung Disease. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2506:57-65. [PMID: 35771463 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2364-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sendai virus (SeV), also known as the murine parainfluenza virus 1, is an enveloped negative-sense RNA paramyxovirus from the family Paramyxoviridae and genus Respirovirus. The virus was named after Sendai, city in Japan, where it was first isolated (Kuroya, Ishida, Yokohama Med Bull 4:217-233, 1953). Antigenically, SeV is closely related to human parainfluenza viruses 1 and 3. SeV is pneumotropic and naturally infects the respiratory tract of rodents. At the proper inoculum (2 × 105 pfu), SeV causes infection that is limited to the airway mucosa and inflammation mainly restricted to bronchiolar tissues as seen in asthma pathogenesis models using C57BL/6 wild-type mice (Walter et al, J Clin Invest 110:165-175, 2002). We utilize SeV to explore the mechanism(s) by which a respiratory viral infection translates into postviral airway disease in mice. This chapter primarily describes the protocols we use to infect mice in vivo, assay viral replication, and assess outcomes in the lungs of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Resiliac
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jennifer Santoro
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Syed-Rehan A Hussain
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michelle Rohlfing
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mitchell H Grayson
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
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9
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Hussain SRA, Rohlfing M, Resiliac J, Santoro J, Peeples ME, Garcin D, Grayson MH. Atopic Neutrophils Prevent Postviral Airway Disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:2589-2597. [PMID: 34625522 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in infancy is associated with increased risk of asthma, except in those with allergic disease at the time of infection. Using house dust mite allergen, we examined the effect of pre-existing atopy on postviral airway disease using Sendai virus in mice, which models RSV infection in humans. Sendai virus drives postviral airway disease in nonatopic mice; however, pre-existing atopy protected against the development of airway disease. This protection depended upon neutrophils, as depletion of neutrophils at the time of infection restored the susceptibility of atopic mice to postviral airway disease. Associated with development of atopy was an increase in polymorphonuclear neutrophil-dendritic cell hybrid cells that develop in Th2 conditions and demonstrated increased viral uptake. Systemic inhibition of IL-4 reversed atopic protection against postviral airway disease, suggesting that increased virus uptake by neutrophils was IL-4 dependent. Finally, human neutrophils from atopic donors were able to reduce RSV infection of human airway epithelial cells in vitro, suggesting these findings could apply to the human. Collectively our data support the idea that pre-existing atopy derives a protective neutrophil response via potential interaction with IL-4, preventing development of postviral airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed-Rehan A Hussain
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; .,Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Michelle Rohlfing
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH.,Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Jenny Resiliac
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH.,Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Jennifer Santoro
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH.,Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Mark E Peeples
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH.,Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; and
| | - Dominique Garcin
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mitchell H Grayson
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; .,Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
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10
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Tan C, Zheng X, Sun F, He J, Shi H, Chen M, Tu C, Huang Y, Wang Z, Liang Y, Wu J, Liu Y, Liu J, Huang J. Hypersensitivity may be involved in severe COVID-19. Clin Exp Allergy 2021; 52:324-333. [PMID: 34570395 PMCID: PMC8652637 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Deaths attributed to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) are mainly due to severe hypoxemic respiratory failure. Although the inflammatory storm has been considered the main pathogenesis of severe COVID‐19, hypersensitivity may be another important mechanism involved in severe cases, which have a perfect response to corticosteroids (CS). Method We detected the serum level of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2–spike S1 protein‐specific IgE (SP‐IgE) and anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid protein‐specific IgE (NP‐IgE) in COVID‐19. Correlation of levels of specific IgE and clinical severity were analysed. Pulmonary function test and bronchial provocation test were conducted in early convalescence of COVID‐19. We also obtained histological samples via endoscopy to detect the evidence of mast cell activation. Result The levels of serum SP‐IgE and NP‐IgE were significantly higher in severe cases, and were correlated with the total lung severity scores (TLSS) and the PaO2/FiO2 ratio. Nucleocapsid protein could be detected in both airway and intestinal tissues, which was stained positive together with activated mast cells, binded with IgE. Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) exists in the early convalescence of COVID‐19. After the application of CS in severe COVID‐19, SP‐IgE and NP‐IgE decreased, but maintained at a high level. Conclusion Hypersensitivity may be involved in severe COVID‐19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiyan Tan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xiaobin Zheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Fengfei Sun
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jianzhong He
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Honglei Shi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Meizhu Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Changli Tu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yiying Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Zhenguo Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yingjian Liang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
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11
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Karakioulaki M, Papakonstantinou E, Goulas A, Stolz D. The Role of Atopy in COPD and Asthma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:674742. [PMID: 34490286 PMCID: PMC8418108 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.674742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Common to several allergic diseases is the generation of immunoglobulin E (IgE) by plasma cells, when exposed to an innocuous antigen. Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are two prevalent chronic airway inflammatory diseases. Asthma is mediated in some patients through eosinophilic inflammatory mechanisms that include allergic sensitization and Th2-mediated immune airway response. COPD, on the other hand is mainly considered a Th1-mediated inflammatory process with neutrophilic predominance or a non-Th2 inflammation, occasionally associated with the presence of airway bacteria or viruses. IgE production appears to play an important role in the development of both COPD and asthma, as it has been associated to respiratory symptoms, lung function, bacterial and viral infections, airway remodeling and bronchial hyperreactivity in both diseases. The aim of this review is to summarize all current data concerning the role of specific and total IgE in COPD and asthma and to highlight similarities and differences in view of possible therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meropi Karakioulaki
- Clinic of Respiratory Medicine and Pulmonary Cell Research, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,First Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Papakonstantinou
- Clinic of Respiratory Medicine and Pulmonary Cell Research, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,First Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonios Goulas
- First Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Daiana Stolz
- Clinic of Respiratory Medicine and Pulmonary Cell Research, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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12
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Srinivasan M, Bacharier LB, Goss CW, Zhou Y, Boomer J, Bram S, Burgdorf D, Burnham CA, Casper T, Castro M, Coverstone A, Haslam M, Kanchongkittiphon W, Kuklinski C, Lian Q, Schechtman K, Storch GA, True K, Wallace MA, Yin-DeClue H, Ahrens E, Wang J, Beigelman A. The azithromycin to prevent wheezing following severe RSV bronchiolitis-II clinical trial: Rationale, study design, methods, and characteristics of study population. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2021; 22:100798. [PMID: 34189338 PMCID: PMC8219746 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2021.100798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis in early life is a significant risk factor for future recurrent wheeze (RW) and asthma. The goal of the Azithromycin to Prevent Wheezing following severe RSV bronchiolitis II (APW-RSV II) clinical trial is to evaluate if azithromycin treatment in infants hospitalized with RSV bronchiolitis reduces the occurrence of RW during the preschool years. The APW-RSV II clinical trial is a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, randomized trial, including otherwise healthy participants, ages 30 days-18 months, who are hospitalized due to RSV bronchiolitis. The study includes an active randomized treatment phase with azithromycin or placebo for 2 weeks, and an observational phase of 18-48 months. Two hundred participants were enrolled during three consecutive RSV seasons beginning in the fall of 2016 and were randomized to receive oral azithromycin 10 mg/kg/day for 7 days followed by 5 mg/kg/day for an additional 7 days, or matched placebo. The study hypothesis is that in infants hospitalized with RSV bronchiolitis, the addition of azithromycin therapy to routine bronchiolitis care would reduce the likelihood of developing post-RSV recurrent wheeze (≥3 episodes). The primary clinical outcome is the occurrence of a third episode of wheezing, which is evaluated every other month by phone questionnaires and during yearly in-person visits. A secondary objective of the APW-RSV II clinical trial is to examine how azithromycin therapy changes the upper airway microbiome composition, and to determine if these changes are related to the occurrence of post-RSV RW. Microbiome composition is characterized in nasal wash samples obtained before and after the study treatments. This clinical trial may identify the first effective intervention applied during severe RSV bronchiolitis to reduce the risk of post-RSV RW and ultimately asthma.
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Key Words
- AE, Adverse events
- AESI, AEs of Special Interest
- APW, Azithromycin to Prevent Wheezing
- AZM, Azithromycin
- Asthma
- Azithromycin
- DSMB, Data safety and monitoring board
- ED, Emergency department
- ICS, Inhaled corticosteroids
- IL, Interleukin
- IRB, Institutional review board
- LRTI, Lower respiratory tract infection
- MMP-9, Matrix metallopeptidase-9
- Microbiome
- NHLBI, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- PC, Phone call
- RBEL, RSV Bronchiolitis in Early Life
- RSV, Respiratory syncytial virus
- RW, Recurrent wheezing
- RZ, Randomization
- Recurrent wheezing
- Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis
- SAE, serious adverse events
- SLCH, Saint Louis Children's Hospital
- V, visit
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Affiliation(s)
- Mythili Srinivasan
- Division of Hospitalist Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Leonard B Bacharier
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Charles W Goss
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Yanjiao Zhou
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Jonathan Boomer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Sarah Bram
- Division of Hospitalist Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Dana Burgdorf
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Carey-Ann Burnham
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, CAB, USA
| | - Timothy Casper
- Division of Hospitalist Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Mario Castro
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Andrea Coverstone
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Matthew Haslam
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Watcharoot Kanchongkittiphon
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Cadence Kuklinski
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Qinghua Lian
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kenneth Schechtman
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Gregory A Storch
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kelly True
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Meghan A Wallace
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, CAB, USA
| | - Huiqing Yin-DeClue
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Elizabeth Ahrens
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jinli Wang
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Avraham Beigelman
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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13
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Wang X, Wu K, Keeler SP, Mao D, Agapov EV, Zhang Y, Holtzman MJ. TLR3-Activated Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells Trigger Progression from Acute Viral Infection to Chronic Disease in the Lung. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 206:1297-1314. [PMID: 33514511 PMCID: PMC7946811 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute infection is implicated as a trigger for chronic inflammatory disease, but the full basis for this switch is uncertain. In this study, we examine this issue using a mouse model of chronic lung disease that develops after respiratory infection with a natural pathogen (Sendai virus). We investigate this model using a combination of TLR3-deficient mice and adoptive transfer of immune cells into these mice versus the comparable responses in wild-type mice. We found that acute and transient expression of TLR3 on monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) was selectively required to induce long-term expression of IL-33 and consequent type 2 immune-driven lung disease. Unexpectedly, moDC participation was not based on canonical TLR3 signaling and relied instead on a trophic effect to expand the alveolar epithelial type 2 cell population beyond repair of tissue injury and thereby provide an enriched and persistent cell source of IL-33 required for progression to a disease phenotype that includes lung inflammation, hyperreactivity, excess mucus production, and remodeling. The findings thereby provide a framework wherein viral infection activates TLR3 in moDCs as a front-line immune cell niche upstream of lung epithelial cells to drive the type 2 immune response, leading to chronic inflammatory diseases of the lung (such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in humans) and perhaps progressive and long-term postviral disease in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wang
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Kangyun Wu
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Shamus P Keeler
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Dailing Mao
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Eugene V Agapov
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Yong Zhang
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Michael J Holtzman
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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14
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Vonderhaar EP, Barnekow NS, McAllister D, McOlash L, Eid MA, Riese MJ, Tarakanova VL, Johnson BD, Dwinell MB. STING Activated Tumor-Intrinsic Type I Interferon Signaling Promotes CXCR3 Dependent Antitumor Immunity in Pancreatic Cancer. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:41-58. [PMID: 33548597 PMCID: PMC8081932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a lethal chemoresistant cancer that exhibits early metastatic spread. The highly immunosuppressive PDA tumor microenvironment renders patients resistant to emerging immune-targeted therapies. Building from our prior work, we evaluated stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist activation of PDA cell interferon-α/β-receptor (IFNAR) signaling in systemic antitumor immune responses. METHODS PDA cells were implanted subcutaneously to wild-type, IFNAR-, or CXCR3-knockout mice. Tumor growth was monitored, and immune responses were comprehensively profiled. RESULTS Human and mouse STING agonist ADU-S100 reduced local and distal tumor burden and activated systemic antitumor immune responses in PDA-bearing mice. Effector T-cell infiltration and inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production, including IFN-dependent CXCR3-agonist chemokines, were elevated, whereas suppressive immune populations were decreased in treated tumors. Intratumoral STING agonist treatment also generated inflammation in distal noninjected tumors and peripheral immune tissues. STING agonist treatment of type I IFN-responsive PDA tumors engrafted to IFNAR-/- recipient mice was sufficient to contract tumors and stimulate local and systemic T-cell activation. Tumor regression and CD8+ T-cell infiltration were abolished in PDA engrafted to CXCR3-/- mice treated with STING agonist. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that STING agonists promote T-cell infiltration and counteract immune suppression in locally treated and distant tumors. Tumor-intrinsic type I IFN signaling initiated systemic STING-mediated antitumor inflammation and required CXCR3 expression. STING-mediated induction of systemic immune responses provides an approach to harness the immune system to treat primary and disseminated pancreatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily P. Vonderhaar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology,Center for Immunology,LaBahn Pancreatic Cancer Program
| | | | - Donna McAllister
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology,Center for Immunology
| | - Laura McOlash
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology,Center for Immunology
| | - Mahmoud Abu Eid
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology,Center for Immunology
| | - Matthew J. Riese
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology,Center for Immunology,LaBahn Pancreatic Cancer Program,Department of Medicine,Versiti Blood Research Institute
| | | | - Bryon D. Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology,Center for Immunology,LaBahn Pancreatic Cancer Program
| | - Michael B. Dwinell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology,Center for Immunology,LaBahn Pancreatic Cancer Program,Department of Medicine,Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Michael B. Dwinell, PhD, Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226. fax: (414) 955-6535.
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15
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Bosteels C, Fierens K, De Prijck S, Van Moorleghem J, Vanheerswynghels M, De Wolf C, Chalon A, Collignon C, Hammad H, Didierlaurent AM, Lambrecht BN. CCR2- and Flt3-Dependent Inflammatory Conventional Type 2 Dendritic Cells Are Necessary for the Induction of Adaptive Immunity by the Human Vaccine Adjuvant System AS01. Front Immunol 2021; 11:606805. [PMID: 33519816 PMCID: PMC7841299 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.606805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Adjuvant System AS01 contains monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) and the saponin QS-21 in a liposomal formulation. AS01 is included in recently developed vaccines against malaria and varicella zoster virus. Like for many other adjuvants, induction of adaptive immunity by AS01 is highly dependent on the ability to recruit and activate dendritic cells (DCs) that migrate to the draining lymph node for T and B cell stimulation. The objective of this study was to more precisely address the contribution of the different conventional (cDC) and monocyte-derived DC (MC) subsets in the orchestration of the adaptive immune response after immunization with AS01 adjuvanted vaccine. The combination of MPL and QS-21 in AS01 induced strong recruitment of CD26+XCR1+ cDC1s, CD26+CD172+ cDC2s and a recently defined CCR2-dependent CD64-expressing inflammatory cDC2 (inf-cDC2) subset to the draining lymph node compared to antigen alone, while CD26-CD64+CD88+ MCs were barely detectable. At 24 h post-vaccination, cDC2s and inf-cDC2s were superior amongst the different subsets in priming antigen-specific CD4+ T cells, while simultaneously presenting antigen to CD8+ T cells. Diphtheria toxin (DT) mediated depletion of all DCs prior to vaccination completely abolished adaptive immune responses, while depletion 24 h after vaccination mainly affected CD8+ T cell responses. Vaccinated mice lacking Flt3 or the chemokine receptor CCR2 showed a marked deficit in inf-cDC2 recruitment and failed to raise proper antibody and T cell responses. Thus, the adjuvant activity of AS01 is associated with the potent activation of subsets of cDC2s, including the newly described inf-cDC2s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Bosteels
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kaat Fierens
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie De Prijck
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Justine Van Moorleghem
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Manon Vanheerswynghels
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Caroline De Wolf
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | - Hamida Hammad
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Bart N. Lambrecht
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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16
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Inflammatory Type 2 cDCs Acquire Features of cDC1s and Macrophages to Orchestrate Immunity to Respiratory Virus Infection. Immunity 2020; 52:1039-1056.e9. [PMID: 32392463 PMCID: PMC7207120 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The phenotypic and functional dichotomy between IRF8+ type 1 and IRF4+ type 2 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1s and cDC2s, respectively) is well accepted; it is unknown how robust this dichotomy is under inflammatory conditions, when additionally monocyte-derived cells (MCs) become competent antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Using single-cell technologies in models of respiratory viral infection, we found that lung cDC2s acquired expression of the Fc receptor CD64 shared with MCs and of IRF8 shared with cDC1s. These inflammatory cDC2s (inf-cDC2s) were superior in inducing CD4+ T helper (Th) cell polarization while simultaneously presenting antigen to CD8+ T cells. When carefully separated from inf-cDC2s, MCs lacked APC function. Inf-cDC2s matured in response to cell-intrinsic Toll-like receptor and type 1 interferon receptor signaling, upregulated an IRF8-dependent maturation module, and acquired antigens via convalescent serum and Fc receptors. Because hybrid inf-cDC2s are easily confused with monocyte-derived cells, their existence could explain why APC functions have been attributed to MCs. Type I interferon drives differentiation of inf-cDC2s that closely resemble MCs Inf-cDC2s prime CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, whereas MCs lack APC function Inf-cDC2s internalize antibody-complexed antigen via Fc receptors IRF8 controls maturation gene module in inf-cDC2s
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17
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Epithelial-Immune Cell Interactions for Drug Discovery in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2019; 15:S260-S265. [PMID: 30759005 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201808-531mg] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
New studies of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are revealing the key role of airway epithelial cells and innate immune cells in the initiation, exacerbation, and progression of airway disease. An emerging scheme focuses on expansion of airway progenitor epithelial cells that feed forward for a type 2 immune response and consequent IL-13-driven mucus production that is linked to the morbidity and mortality of COPD. Analysis of human airway progenitor epithelial cells and airway tissue shows that IL-13 signaling to MUC5AC mucin gene expression relies on specific activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase 13, providing a druggable target for attenuating mucus production in the setting of viral infection and other inhaled stimuli of airway inflammation. Moreover, structure-based drug design is delivering highly potent, selective, and nontoxic small-molecule kinase inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 that offer a therapeutic strategy to downregulate excess mucus production to a physiological level and thereby achieve a precision medicine solution to the major health care problem of COPD and related airway diseases.
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18
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Mikhail I, Grayson MH. Asthma and viral infections: An intricate relationship. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2019; 123:352-358. [PMID: 31276807 PMCID: PMC7111180 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2019.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To synthesize available data related to the complex associations among viral infections, atopy, and asthma. DATA SOURCES Key historical articles, articles highlighted in our recent review of most significant recent asthma advancements, and findings from several birth cohorts related to asthma and viral infections were reviewed. In addition, PubMed was searched for review articles and original research related to the associations between viral infection and asthma, using the search words asthma, viral infections, atopy, development of asthma, rhinovirus (RV), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). STUDY SELECTIONS Articles were selected based on novelty and relevance to our topic of interest, the role of asthma and viral infections, and possible mechanisms to explain the association. RESULTS There is a large body of evidence demonstrating a link between early viral infections (especially RV and RSV) and asthma inception and exacerbations. RV-induced wheezing is an important risk factor for asthma only when atopy is present, with much evidence supporting the idea that sensitization is a risk factor for early RV-induced wheezing, which in turn is a risk factor for asthma. RSV, on the other hand, is a more important risk factor for nonatopic asthma, with severe infections conferring greater risk. CONCLUSION There are important differences in the development of atopic and nonatopic asthma, with several proposed mechanisms explaining the association between viral infections and the development of asthma and asthma exacerbations. Understanding these complex associations is important for developing asthma prevention strategies and targeted asthma therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Mikhail
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio.
| | - Mitchell H Grayson
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
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19
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The Possible Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis considering MUC5B. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:9712464. [PMID: 31309122 PMCID: PMC6594326 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9712464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Overexpression of the MUC5B protein is associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), but little information is available regarding the pathogenic effects and regulatory mechanisms of overexpressed MUC5B in IPF. Main Body The overexpression of MUC5B in terminal bronchi and honeycomb cysts produces mucosal host defensive dysfunction in the distal airway which may play an important role in the development of IPF. This review addresses the possible association of overexpression of MUC5B, with MUC5B promoter polymorphism, MUC5B gene epigenetic changes, effects of some transcriptional factors, and inflammatory mediators in IPF. In addition, the associated signaling pathways which may influence the expression of MUC5B are also discussed. Conclusion This work has important implications for further exploration of the mechanisms of overexpression of MUC5B in IPF, and future personalized treatment.
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20
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Méndez-Enríquez E, Hallgren J. Mast Cells and Their Progenitors in Allergic Asthma. Front Immunol 2019; 10:821. [PMID: 31191511 PMCID: PMC6548814 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells and their mediators have been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma and allergy for decades. Allergic asthma is a complex chronic lung disease in which several different immune cells, genetic factors and environmental exposures influence the pathology. Mast cells are key players in the asthmatic response through secretion of a multitude of mediators with pro-inflammatory and airway-constrictive effects. Well-known mast cell mediators, such as histamine and bioactive lipids are responsible for many of the physiological effects observed in the acute phase of allergic reactions. The accumulation of mast cells at particular sites of the allergic lung is likely relevant to the asthma phenotype, severity and progression. Mast cells located in different compartments in the lung and airways have different characteristics and express different mediators. According to in vivo experiments in mice, lung mast cells develop from mast cell progenitors induced by inflammatory stimuli to migrate to the airways. Human mast cell progenitors have been identified in the blood circulation. A high frequency of circulating human mast cell progenitors may reflect ongoing pathological changes in the allergic lung. In allergic asthma, mast cells become activated mainly via IgE-mediated crosslinking of the high affinity receptor for IgE (FcεRI) with allergens. However, mast cells can also be activated by numerous other stimuli e.g. toll-like receptors and MAS-related G protein-coupled receptor X2. In this review, we summarize research with implications on the role and development of mast cells and their progenitors in allergic asthma and cover selected activation pathways and mast cell mediators that have been implicated in the pathogenesis. The review places an emphasis on describing mechanisms identified using in vivo mouse models and data obtained by analysis of clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Méndez-Enríquez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jenny Hallgren
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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21
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Moñino-Romero S, Erkert L, Schmidthaler K, Diesner SC, Sallis BF, Pennington L, Jardetzky T, Oettgen HC, Bohle B, Fiebiger E, Szépfalusi Z. The soluble isoform of human FcɛRI is an endogenous inhibitor of IgE-mediated mast cell responses. Allergy 2019; 74:236-245. [PMID: 30030936 DOI: 10.1111/all.13567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The soluble isoform of FcɛRI, the high-affinity IgE receptor (sFcεRI), is a protein of the IgE network with poorly defined functions. OBJECTIVE To define cellular sources and signals that result in the production of human sFcεRI and study its in vivo functions. METHODS FcεRI-transfected human cell lines (MelJuso), human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs), and murine bone marrow-derived mast cells (MC) were stimulated by FcεRI cross-linking and release of sFcεRI was analyzed (ELISA, Western Blot). Lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 degranulation assays and human basophil activation tests (BATs) were used to study IgE-dependent activation. Recombinant sFcεRI (rsFcεRI) was used to assess its role in murine models of anaphylaxis with WT (wild-type) and IgE-/- (IgE-deficient) mice. RESULTS Antigen-specific cross-linking of IgE-loaded FcɛRI on MelJuso cells that express the trimeric or tetrameric receptor isoform induced the production of sFcεRI. Using MCs and moDCs, we confirmed that IgE/FcɛRI activation induces sFcɛRI release. We demonstrated that generation of sFcɛRI requires Src phosphorylation and endo/lysosomal acidification. In experimental mouse models, sFcɛRI diminishes the severity of IgE-mediated anaphylaxis. BATs confirmed that, comparable to the anti-IgE monoclonal antibody omalizumab, sFcɛRI is an inhibitor of the human innate IgE effector axis, implying that sFcɛRI and omalizumab potentially inhibit each other in vivo. CONCLUSION sFcɛRI is produced after antigen-specific IgE/FcɛRI-mediated activation signals and functions as an endogenous inhibitor of IgE loading to FcɛRI and IgE-mediated activation. Our results imply, therefore, that sFcɛRI contributes to a negative regulatory feedback loop that aims at preventing overshooting responses after IgE-mediated immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Moñino-Romero
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Medical University Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition; Department of Medicine; Boston Children's Hospital; Boston Massachusetts
| | - L. Erkert
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition; Department of Medicine; Boston Children's Hospital; Boston Massachusetts
| | - K. Schmidthaler
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Medical University Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - S. C. Diesner
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Medical University Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - B. F. Sallis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition; Department of Medicine; Boston Children's Hospital; Boston Massachusetts
- Department of Pediatrics; Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - L. Pennington
- Department of Structural Biology; School of Medicine; Stanford University; Stanford California
| | - T. Jardetzky
- Department of Structural Biology; School of Medicine; Stanford University; Stanford California
| | - H. C. Oettgen
- Department of Pediatrics; Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
- Division of Immunology; Department of Medicine; Boston Children's Hospital; Boston Massachusetts
| | - B. Bohle
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - E. Fiebiger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition; Department of Medicine; Boston Children's Hospital; Boston Massachusetts
- Department of Pediatrics; Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Z. Szépfalusi
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Medical University Vienna; Vienna Austria
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22
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Tang XZ, Jung JB, Allen CDC. A case of mistaken identity: The MAR-1 antibody to mouse FcεRIα cross-reacts with FcγRI and FcγRIV. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 143:1643-1646.e6. [PMID: 30639345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Zi Tang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif; Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - James B Jung
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif; Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Christopher D C Allen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif; Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif; Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif.
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23
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Stoltz KP, Jondle CN, Pulakanti K, Sylvester PA, Urrutia R, Rao S, Tarakanova VL. Tumor suppressor Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 selectively blocks expression of endogenous retrovirus. Virology 2019; 526:52-60. [PMID: 30342302 PMCID: PMC6875439 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) comprise 10% of the genome, with many of these transcriptionally silenced post early embryogenesis. Several stimuli, including exogenous virus infection and cellular transformation can reactivate ERV expression via a poorly understood mechanism. We identified Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 (IRF-1), a tumor suppressor and an antiviral host factor, as a suppressor of ERV expression. IRF-1 decreased expression of a specific mouse ERV in vitro and in vivo. IRF-3, but not IRF-7, also decreased expression of distinct ERV families, suggesting that suppression of ERVs is a relevant biological function of the IRF family. Given the emerging appreciation of the physiological relevance of ERV expression in cancer, IRF-1-mediated suppression of specific ERVs may contribute to the overall tumor suppressor activity of this host factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Stoltz
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - C N Jondle
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - K Pulakanti
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, a Part of Versiti, 8727 West Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - P A Sylvester
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - R Urrutia
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States; Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - S Rao
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, a Part of Versiti, 8727 West Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States.
| | - V L Tarakanova
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States; Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States.
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24
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Han M, Rajput C, Ishikawa T, Jarman CR, Lee J, Hershenson MB. Small Animal Models of Respiratory Viral Infection Related to Asthma. Viruses 2018; 10:E682. [PMID: 30513770 PMCID: PMC6316391 DOI: 10.3390/v10120682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viral infections are strongly associated with asthma exacerbations. Rhinovirus is most frequently-detected pathogen; followed by respiratory syncytial virus; metapneumovirus; parainfluenza virus; enterovirus and coronavirus. In addition; viral infection; in combination with genetics; allergen exposure; microbiome and other pathogens; may play a role in asthma development. In particular; asthma development has been linked to wheezing-associated respiratory viral infections in early life. To understand underlying mechanisms of viral-induced airways disease; investigators have studied respiratory viral infections in small animals. This report reviews animal models of human respiratory viral infection employing mice; rats; guinea pigs; hamsters and ferrets. Investigators have modeled asthma exacerbations by infecting mice with allergic airways disease. Asthma development has been modeled by administration of virus to immature animals. Small animal models of respiratory viral infection will identify cell and molecular targets for the treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan Han
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Charu Rajput
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Tomoko Ishikawa
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Caitlin R Jarman
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Julie Lee
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Marc B Hershenson
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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25
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Hussain SRA, Mejias A, Ramilo O, Peeples ME, Grayson MH. Post-viral atopic airway disease: pathogenesis and potential avenues for intervention. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2018; 15:49-58. [PMID: 30370798 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2019.1541737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: In early childhood, wheezing due to lower respiratory tract illness is often associated with infection by commonly known respiratory viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human rhinovirus (RV). How respiratory viral infections lead to wheeze and/or asthma is an area of active research. Areas covered: This review provides an updated summary of the published information on the development of post-viral induced atopy and asthma and the mechanisms involved. We focus on the contribution of animal models in identifying pathways that may contribute to atopy and asthma following respiratory virus infection, different polymorphisms that have been associated with asthma development, and current options for disease management and potential future interventions. Expert commentary: Currently there are no prophylactic therapies that prevent infants infected with respiratory viruses from developing asthma or atopy. Neither are there curative therapies for patients with asthma. Therefore, a better understanding of genetic factors and other associated biomarkers in respiratory viral induced pathogenesis is important for developing effective personalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed-Rehan A Hussain
- a Division of Allergy and Immunology , Nationwide Children's Hospital - The Ohio State University College of Medicine , Columbus , OH , USA.,b Center for Clinical and Translational Research , Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus , OH , USA.,c Department of Pediatrics , The Ohio State University College of Medicine , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Asuncion Mejias
- c Department of Pediatrics , The Ohio State University College of Medicine , Columbus , OH , USA.,d Division of Infectious Diseases , Nationwide Children's Hospital - The Ohio State University College of Medicine , Columbus , OH , USA.,e Center for Vaccines and Immunity , Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Octavio Ramilo
- c Department of Pediatrics , The Ohio State University College of Medicine , Columbus , OH , USA.,d Division of Infectious Diseases , Nationwide Children's Hospital - The Ohio State University College of Medicine , Columbus , OH , USA.,e Center for Vaccines and Immunity , Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Mark E Peeples
- c Department of Pediatrics , The Ohio State University College of Medicine , Columbus , OH , USA.,e Center for Vaccines and Immunity , Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Mitchell H Grayson
- a Division of Allergy and Immunology , Nationwide Children's Hospital - The Ohio State University College of Medicine , Columbus , OH , USA.,b Center for Clinical and Translational Research , Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus , OH , USA.,c Department of Pediatrics , The Ohio State University College of Medicine , Columbus , OH , USA
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26
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Liver X Receptors Suppress Activity of Cholesterol and Fatty Acid Synthesis Pathways To Oppose Gammaherpesvirus Replication. mBio 2018; 9:mBio.01115-18. [PMID: 30018108 PMCID: PMC6050960 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01115-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gammaherpesviruses are oncogenic pathogens that persist in ~95% of the adult population. Cellular metabolic pathways have emerged as important regulators of many viral infections, including infections by gammaherpesviruses that require several lipid synthetic pathways for optimal replication. Liver X receptors (LXRs) are transcription factors that are critical regulators of cellular fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis pathways. Not surprisingly, LXRs are attractive therapeutic targets in cardiovascular disease. Here we describe an antiviral role for LXRs in the context of gammaherpesvirus infection of primary macrophages. We show that type I interferon increased LXR expression following infection. Surprisingly, there was not a corresponding induction of LXR target genes. Rather, LXRs suppressed the expression of target genes, leading to decreased fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis, two metabolic pathways that support gammaherpesvirus replication. This report defines LXR-mediated restriction of cholesterol and lipid synthesis as an intrinsic metabolic mechanism to restrict viral replication in innate immune cells.IMPORTANCE Fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis pathways of the host play important roles in diverse biological systems. Importantly, these two metabolic pathways are also usurped by a number of viruses to facilitate viral replication. In this report, we show that suppression of these pathways by liver X receptors in primary macrophages creates an intrinsic antiviral state that attenuates gammaherpesvirus replication by limiting viral access to the two metabolic pathways.
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27
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Grayson MH, Camarda LE, Hussain SRA, Zemple SJ, Hayward M, Lam V, Hunter DA, Santoro JL, Rohlfing M, Cheung DS, Salzman NH. Intestinal Microbiota Disruption Reduces Regulatory T Cells and Increases Respiratory Viral Infection Mortality Through Increased IFNγ Production. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1587. [PMID: 30042764 PMCID: PMC6048222 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in gastrointestinal microbiota indirectly modulate the risk of atopic disease, but effects on respiratory viral infections are less clear. Using the murine paramyxoviral virus type 1, Sendai virus (SeV), we examined the effect of altering gastrointestinal microbiota on the pulmonary antiviral immune response. C57BL6 mice were treated with streptomycin before or during infection with SeV and resulting immune response studied. Ingestion of the non-absorbable antibiotic streptomycin led to a marked reduction in intestinal microbial diversity without a significant effect on lung microbiota. Reduction in diversity in the gastrointestinal tract was followed by greatly increased mortality to respiratory viral infection (p < 0.0001). This increase in mortality was associated with a dysregulated immune response characterized by decreased lung (p = 0.01) and intestinal (p = 0.03) regulatory T cells (Tregs), and increased lung IFNγ (p = 0.049), IL-6 (p = 0.015), and CCL2 (p = 0.037). Adoptive transfer of Treg cells or neutralization of IFNγ prevented increased mortality. Furthermore, Lin-CD4+ cells appeared to be a potential source of the increased IFNγ. Together, these results demonstrate gastrointestinal microbiota modulate immune responses at distant mucosal sites and have the ability to significantly impact mortality in response to a respiratory viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell H Grayson
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Division of Allergy and Immunology, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Lauren E Camarda
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Syed-Rehan A Hussain
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Sarah J Zemple
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Michael Hayward
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Vy Lam
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Desiré A Hunter
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Jennifer L Santoro
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Division of Allergy and Immunology, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Michelle Rohlfing
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Division of Allergy and Immunology, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Dorothy S Cheung
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Nita H Salzman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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28
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Abstract
Immunoglobulin E-mediated food allergy is rapidly developing into a global health problem. Publicly available therapeutic intervention strategies are currently restricted to allergen avoidance and emergency treatments. To gain a better understanding of the disease pathophysiology so that new therapies can be developed, major research efforts have been put into studying food allergy in mice. Animal models should reflect the human pathology as closely as possible to allow for a rapid translation of basic science observations to the bedside. In this regard, experimental models of food allergy provide significant challenges for research because of discrepancies between the presentation of disease in humans and mice. The goal of this review is to give a summary of commonly used murine disease models and to discuss how they relate to the human condition. We will focus on epicutaneous sensitization models, on mouse strains that sensitize spontaneously to food as seen in humans, and on models in humanized animals. In summary, expanding the research toolbox of experimental food allergy provides an important step toward closing gaps in our understanding of the derailing immune mechanism that underlies the human disease. The availability of additional experimental models will provide exciting opportunities to discover new intervention points for the treatment of food allergies. (Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018;x:x).
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Key Words
- Allergen Challenge
- Allergen Sensitization
- Anaphylaxis
- EPIT, epicutaneous immunotherapy
- Epictutaneous Sensitization
- FCER1A, high-affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit alpha
- FCERIA
- FcεRI, high-affinity immunoglobulin E receptor
- GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
- HSC, hematopoietic stem cell
- Humanized Model
- IL, interleukin
- Ig, immunoglobulin
- IgE
- LCT, long chain triglycerides
- MCPT, mouse mast cell protease
- MCT, medium chain triglycerides
- Murine Models of Food Allergy
- OIT, oral immunotherapy
- PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell
- Spontaneous Sensitization
- TSLP, thymic stromal lymphopoietin
- Th, T helper
- Treg, regulatory T cell
- WASP, Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein
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29
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Fear VS, Poh WP, Gorman S, Waithman JC, Fear MW. IFNβ inhibits the development of allergen tolerance and is conducive to the development of asthma on subsequent allergen exposure. Immunol Cell Biol 2018; 96:841-851. [PMID: 29611236 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic disease affecting up to 10% of the Australian population for which medical treatment is solely aimed at relief of symptoms rather than prevention of disease. Evidence from animal and human studies demonstrates a strong link between viral respiratory infections, atopy and the development of asthma. Type I IFNs include IFNα and IFNβ, with subtype expression tailored toward the specific viral infection. We hypothesized that exposure to type I IFNs and allergen may interfere with the healthy response to innocuous airway antigen exposure. In this study, we use an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced BALB/c model of experimental allergic airways disease, where pre-exposure of the airways to OVA is protective against allergen sensitization, leading to allergen tolerance. We investigated airways pre-exposure with OVA and type I IFNs on development of allergic airways disease. We demonstrate restoration of allergic airways disease on pre-exposure with allergen and IFNβ, and not IFNα. Dysfunction in tolerance led to changes in dendritic cell antigen capture/traffic, T-cell and B-cell responses. Furthermore, exposure to IFNβ with ongoing allergen exposure led to the development of hallmark asthma features, including OVA-specific IgE and airways eosinophilia. Data indicate a role for IFNβ in linking viral infection and allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa S Fear
- Tumour Immunology Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Wee Peng Poh
- Inflammation Group, Telethon Kids Institute, School of Paediatrics and Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Shelley Gorman
- Inflammation Group, Telethon Kids Institute, School of Paediatrics and Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jason C Waithman
- Inflammation Group, Telethon Kids Institute, School of Paediatrics and Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Mark W Fear
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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30
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Perdijk O, van Splunter M, Savelkoul HFJ, Brugman S, van Neerven RJJ. Cow's Milk and Immune Function in the Respiratory Tract: Potential Mechanisms. Front Immunol 2018; 9:143. [PMID: 29483908 PMCID: PMC5816034 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decades, the world has witnessed a dramatic increase in allergy prevalence. Epidemiological evidence shows that growing up on a farm is a protective factor, which is partly explained by the consumption of raw cow’s milk. Indeed, recent studies show inverse associations between raw cow’s milk consumption in early life and asthma, hay fever, and rhinitis. A similar association of raw cow’s milk consumption with respiratory tract infections is recently found. In line with these findings, controlled studies in infants with milk components such as lactoferrin, milk fat globule membrane, and colostrum IgG have shown to reduce respiratory infections. However, for ethical reasons, it is not possible to conduct controlled studies with raw cow’s milk in infants, so formal proof is lacking to date. Because viral respiratory tract infections and aeroallergen exposure in children may be causally linked to the development of asthma, it is of interest to investigate whether cow’s milk components can modulate human immune function in the respiratory tract and via which mechanisms. Inhaled allergens and viruses trigger local immune responses in the upper airways in both nasal and oral lymphoid tissue. The components present in raw cow’s milk are able to promote a local microenvironment in which mucosal immune responses are modified and the epithelial barrier is enforced. In addition, such responses may also be triggered in the gut after exposure to allergens and viruses in the nasal cavity that become available in the GI tract after swallowing. However, these immune cells that come into contact with cow’s milk components in the gut must recirculate into the blood and home to the (upper and lower) respiratory tract to regulate immune responses locally. Expression of the tissue homing-associated markers α4β7 and CCR9 or CCR10 on lymphocytes can be influenced by vitamin A and vitamin D3, respectively. Since both vitamins are present in milk, we speculate that raw milk may influence homing of lymphocytes to the upper respiratory tract. This review focuses on potential mechanisms via which cow’s milk or its components can influence immune function in the intestine and the upper respiratory tract. Unraveling these complex mechanisms may contribute to the development of novel dietary approaches in allergy and asthma prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Perdijk
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Marloes van Splunter
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Huub F J Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Sylvia Brugman
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - R J Joost van Neerven
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.,FrieslandCampina, Amersfoort, Netherlands
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31
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Martorano LM, Grayson MH. Respiratory viral infections and atopic development: From possible mechanisms to advances in treatment. Eur J Immunol 2018; 48:407-414. [PMID: 29244204 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201747052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Atopic sensitization and allergic diseases are increasing in modernized countries. These diseases affect millions of individuals, but the mechanisms behind their development are not fully understood. One hypothesis relates to early life respiratory viral infections driving the development of atopic disease including asthma. This review presents the current state of the field, focusing on epidemiologic data supporting a role for early life respiratory viruses in the development of specific IgE, both against aeroallergens and the respiratory virus. Our own work using the Sendai mouse model is then summarized to provide a potential mechanistic explanation for how a respiratory viral infection could drive development of atopic sensitization and disease. We then discuss the components of this mechanistic pathway that have and have not been validated in humans. Finally, we discuss areas ripe for research, as well as potential and current therapeutics that might disrupt the link between respiratory viral infections in early life and atopic sensitization/disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Martorano
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center & Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mitchell H Grayson
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center & Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
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32
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Cheung DS, Sigua JA, Simpson PM, Yan K, Hussain SRA, Santoro JL, Buell EJ, Hunter DA, Rohlfing M, Patadia D, Grayson MH. Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 expression identifies a subset of neutrophils during the antiviral response that contributes to postviral atopic airway disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 142:1206-1217.e5. [PMID: 29269317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral respiratory tract infections increase the risk of development and exacerbation of atopic disease. Previously, we demonstrated the requirement for a neutrophil (PMN) subset expressing CD49d to drive development of postviral atopic airway disease in mice. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether human CD49d+ PMNs are present in the nasal mucosa during acute viral respiratory tract infections and further characterize this PMN subset in human subjects and mice. METHODS Sixty subjects (5-50 years old) were enrolled within 4 days of acute onset of upper respiratory symptoms. Nasal lavage for flow cytometry and nasal swabs for viral PCR were performed at enrollment and during convalescence. The Sendai virus mouse model was used to investigate the phenotype and functional relevance of CD49d+ PMNs. RESULTS CD49d+ PMN frequency was significantly higher in nasal lavage fluid during acute respiratory symptoms in all subjects (2.9% vs 1.0%, n = 42, P < .001). In mice CD49d+ PMNs represented a "proatopic" neutrophil subset that expressed cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLTR1) and produced TNF, CCL2, and CCL5. Inhibition of CysLTR1 signaling in the first days of a viral respiratory tract infection was sufficient to reduce accumulation of CD49d+ PMNs in the lungs and development of postviral atopic airway disease. Similar to the mouse, human CD49d+ PMNs isolated from nasal lavage fluid during a viral respiratory tract infection expressed CysLTR1. CONCLUSION CD49d and CysLTR1-coexpressing PMNs are present during symptoms of an acute viral respiratory tract infection in human subjects. Further study is needed to examine selective targeting of proatopic neutrophils as a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent development of postviral atopic airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy S Cheung
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis
| | - Jerome A Sigua
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis
| | - Pippa M Simpson
- Division of Quantitative Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis
| | - Ke Yan
- Division of Quantitative Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis
| | - Syed-Rehan A Hussain
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital-The Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio; Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jennifer L Santoro
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital-The Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio; Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Erika J Buell
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis
| | - Desire A Hunter
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis
| | - Michelle Rohlfing
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital-The Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio; Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Deepa Patadia
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital-The Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mitchell H Grayson
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital-The Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio; Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.
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Knol EF, Hijnen D. Atopic dermatitis: A tale of two distinct pathomechanisms that make you itch. Eur J Immunol 2017; 46:2512-2515. [PMID: 27813070 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) or eczema is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease. It is a multifactorial disease with local and systemic immune changes. Current therapies focus on restoring the local skin barrier or inhibiting immune responses. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Sehra et al. [Eur. J. Immunol. 2016. 46:2609-2613] describe a mouse model with T-cell-specific expression of constitutively active Stat6 in Flaky tail mice, which have mutations in the Flg and Tmem79 genes. The authors describe that it is the combination of changes in the skin barrier proteins filaggrin and Tmem79, together with Th2 cytokine signaling in the constitutively active Stat6 transgene, that drives the immune-pathomechanism in AD. These results are consistent with human studies where it is demonstrated that diminished filaggrin expression in skin is a predisposing factor for AD, but is neither required nor sufficient for disease indicating that additional factors are required for disease development. The current mouse model by Sehra et al. could be instrumental in evaluation new therapeutic strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward F Knol
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - DirkJan Hijnen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Rowe RK, Gill MA. Effects of Allergic Sensitization on Antiviral Immunity: Allergen, Virus, and Host Cell Mechanisms. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2017; 17:9. [PMID: 28233152 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-017-0677-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Multiple clinical and epidemiological studies demonstrate links between allergic sensitization and virus-induced atopic disease exacerbations. This review summarizes the recent findings regarding allergen, viral, and host cellular mechanisms relevant to these observations. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have focused on the molecular pathways and genetic influences involved in allergen-mediated inhibition of innate antiviral immune responses. Multiple tissue and cell types from atopic individuals across the atopy spectrum exhibit deficient interferon responses to a variety of virus infections. Impairment in barrier function, viral RNA and DNA recognition by intracellular sensing molecules, and dysregulation of signaling components are broadly affected by allergic sensitization. Finally, genetic predisposition by numerous nucleotide polymorphisms also impacts immune pathways and potentially contributes to virus-associated atopic disease pathogenesis. Allergen-virus interactions in the setting of atopy involve complex tissue and cellular mechanisms. Future studies defining the pathways underlying these interactions could uncover potential therapeutic targets. Available data suggest that therapies tailored to restore specific components of antiviral responses will likely lead to improved clinical outcomes in allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina K Rowe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390-9063, USA
| | - Michelle A Gill
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390-9063, USA. .,Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. .,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Darrah EJ, Stoltz KP, Ledwith M, Tarakanova VL. ATM supports gammaherpesvirus replication by attenuating type I interferon pathway. Virology 2017; 510:137-146. [PMID: 28732227 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ataxia-Telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase participates in multiple networks, including DNA damage response, oxidative stress, and mitophagy. ATM also supports replication of diverse DNA and RNA viruses. Gammaherpesviruses are prevalent cancer-associated viruses that benefit from ATM expression during replication. This proviral role of ATM had been ascribed to its signaling within the DNA damage response network; other functions of ATM have not been considered. In this study increased type I interferon (IFN) responses were observed in ATM deficient gammaherpesvirus-infected macrophages. Using a mouse model that combines ATM and type I IFN receptor deficiencies we show that increased type I IFN response in the absence of ATM fully accounts for the proviral role of ATM during gammaherpesvirus replication. Further, increased type I IFN response rendered ATM deficient macrophages more susceptible to antiviral effects of type II IFN. This study identifies attenuation of type I IFN responses as the primary mechanism underlying proviral function of ATM during gammaherpesvirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Darrah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Kyle P Stoltz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Mitchell Ledwith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Vera L Tarakanova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States; Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States.
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Buelow BJ, Rohlfing M, Jung F, Douglas GJ, Grayson MH. POL7085 or anti-CCL28 treatment inhibits development of post-paramyxoviral airway disease. Immun Inflamm Dis 2017; 5:98-108. [PMID: 28474501 PMCID: PMC5418136 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Asthma is major health burden throughout the world, and there are no therapies that have been shown to be able to prevent the development of disease. A severe respiratory paramyxoviral infection early in life has been demonstrated to greatly increase the risk of developing asthma. We have a mouse model of a severe respiratory paramyxoviral infection (Sendai virus, SeV) that mimics human disease, and requires early expression of the cytokine CCL28 to drive the development of post-viral airway disease. The known receptors for CCL28 are CCR3 and CCR10. However, it is not known if blockade of these receptors will prevent the development of post-viral airway disease. The objective of this study was to determine if treatment with a protein epitope mimetic antagonist of CCR10, POL7085, will provide sufficient protection against the development of post-viral airway disease. METHODS C57BL6 mice were inoculated with SeV or UV inactivated SeV. From day 3-19 post inoculation (PI), mice were subcutaneously administered daily POL7085 or saline, or every other day anti-CCL28 mAb. On days 8, 10, and 12 PI bronchoalveolar cytokines, serum IgE, and lung cellular constituents were measured. At day 21 PI airway hyper-reactivity to methacholine and mucous cell metaplasia was measured. RESULTS Treatment with either anti-CCL28 or POL7085 significantly reduced development of airway hyper-reactivity and mucous cell metaplasia following SeV infection. The prevention of post-viral airway disease was associated with early reductions in innate immune cells, but did not appear to be due to a reduction in IL-13 or IgE. CONCLUSIONS Blockade of CCL28 or CCR10 during an acute severe respiratory paramyxoviral infection is sufficient to prevent the development of post-viral airway disease. However, the mechanism of action is unclear and requires further exploration.
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Lung Homeostasis: Influence of Age, Microbes, and the Immune System. Immunity 2017; 46:549-561. [DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Tam JS, Grayson MH. IgE and antiviral immune response in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 139:1717. [PMID: 28274583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mitchell H Grayson
- Nationwide Children's Hospital/The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 and Type I Interferon Cooperate To Control Acute Gammaherpesvirus Infection. J Virol 2016; 91:JVI.01444-16. [PMID: 27795415 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01444-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gammaherpesviruses are ubiquitous pathogens that establish lifelong infection in >95% of adults worldwide and are associated with a variety of malignancies. Coevolution of gammaherpesviruses with their hosts has resulted in an intricate relationship between the virus and the host immune system, and perturbation of the virus-host balance results in pathology. Interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) is a tumor suppressor that is also involved in the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Here, we show that type I interferon (IFN) and IRF-1 cooperate to control acute gammaherpesvirus infection. Specifically, we demonstrate that a combination of IRF-1 and type I IFN signaling ensures host survival during acute gammaherpesvirus infection and supports IFN gamma-mediated suppression of viral replication. Thus, our studies reveal an intriguing cross talk between IRF-1 and type I and II IFNs in the induction of the antiviral state during acute gammaherpesvirus infection. IMPORTANCE Gammaherpesviruses establish chronic infection in a majority of adults, and this long-term infection is associated with virus-driven development of a range of malignancies. In contrast, a brief period of active gammaherpesvirus replication during acute infection of a naive host is subclinical in most individuals. Here, we discovered that a combination of type I interferon (IFN) signaling and interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) expression is required to ensure survival of a gammaherpesvirus-infected host past the first 8 days of infection. Specifically, both type I IFN receptor and IRF-1 expression potentiated antiviral effects of type II IFN to restrict gammaherpesvirus replication in vivo, in the lungs, and in vitro, in primary macrophage cultures.
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Abstract
Mouse and human FcRs have been a major focus of attention not only of the scientific community, through the cloning and characterization of novel receptors, and of the medical community, through the identification of polymorphisms and linkage to disease but also of the pharmaceutical community, through the identification of FcRs as targets for therapy or engineering of Fc domains for the generation of enhanced therapeutic antibodies. The availability of knockout mouse lines for every single mouse FcR, of multiple or cell-specific--'à la carte'--FcR knockouts and the increasing generation of hFcR transgenics enable powerful in vivo approaches for the study of mouse and human FcR biology. This review will present the landscape of the current FcR family, their effector functions and the in vivo models at hand to study them. These in vivo models were recently instrumental in re-defining the properties and effector functions of FcRs that had been overlooked or discarded from previous analyses. A particular focus will be made on the (mis)concepts on the role of high-affinity IgG receptors in vivo and on results from antibody engineering to enhance or abrogate antibody effector functions mediated by FcRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Bruhns
- Unité des Anticorps en Thérapie et Pathologie, Département d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,INSERM, U760, Paris, France
| | - Friederike Jönsson
- Unité des Anticorps en Thérapie et Pathologie, Département d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,INSERM, U760, Paris, France
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Kelly BT, Grayson MH. Immunoglobulin E, what is it good for? Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2016; 116:183-7. [PMID: 26945494 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2015.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Bochkov YA, Gern JE. Rhinoviruses and Their Receptors: Implications for Allergic Disease. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2016; 16:30. [PMID: 26960297 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-016-0608-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Human rhinoviruses (RVs) are picornaviruses that can cause a variety of illnesses including the common cold, lower respiratory tract illnesses such as bronchitis and pneumonia, and exacerbations of asthma. RVs are classified into three species, RV-A, B, and C, which include over 160 types. They utilize three major types of cellular membrane glycoproteins to gain entry into the host cell: intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) (the majority of RV-A and all RV-B), low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) family members (12 RV-A types), and cadherin-related family member 3 (CDHR3) (RV-C). CDHR3 is a member of cadherin superfamily of transmembrane proteins with yet unknown biological function, and there is relatively little information available about the mechanisms of RV-C interaction with CDHR3. A coding single nucleotide polymorphism (rs6967330) in CDHR3 could promote RV-C infections and illnesses in infancy, which could in turn adversely affect the developing lung to increase the risk of asthma. Further studies are needed to determine how RV infections contribute to pathogenesis of asthma and to develop the optimal treatment approach to control asthma exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury A Bochkov
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.
| | - James E Gern
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
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Guo Q, Li H, Liu J, Xu L, Yang L, Sun Z, Zhou B. Tunicamycin aggravates endoplasmic reticulum stress and airway inflammation via PERK-ATF4-CHOP signaling in a murine model of neutrophilic asthma. J Asthma 2016; 54:125-133. [PMID: 27383524 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2016.1205085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been considered to be an important regulator of airway inflammation in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma, but the mechanism of ER stress involved in neutrophilic asthma remain not fully understood. METHODS Tunicamycin is a mixture of homologous nucleoside antibiotics, which is used to induce ER stress. In the present study, Tunicamycin was administered to mouse bronchial epithelial cells and a neutrophilic asthma model (OVALPS-OVA mice), and ER stress indicators and inflammatory cytokines were measured by Western blotting and Elisa. RESULTS Tunicamycin not only induced ER stress in mouse bronchial epithelial cells, but also increased expression of inflammation indicators such as IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α via PERK-ATF4-CHOP signaling. Additionally, the phosphorylation of PERK and the expression levels of ATF4 and CHOP proteins and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α) were elevated in the lung tissue of OVALPS-OVA mice. Administering tunicamycin further increased protein expression levels of ER stress indicators and inflammatory cytokines, and resulted in more severe asthma phenotypes in OVALPS-OVA mice, suggesting that PERK-ATF4-CHOP signaling is associated with airway inflammation in neutrophil-dominant asthma. CONCLUSIONS These data support the emerging notion that regulation of ER stress could be strongly associated with the development of neutrophilic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyue Guo
- a Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Huixia Li
- b Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Jiali Liu
- b Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Lin Xu
- c Department of Endocrinology , the Affiliated Guangren Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Lan Yang
- d Department of Respiratory , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Zhongmin Sun
- d Department of Respiratory , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Bo Zhou
- d Department of Respiratory , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
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van der Velden D, Lagraauw HM, Wezel A, Launay P, Kuiper J, Huizinga TWJ, Toes REM, Bot I, Stoop JN. Mast cell depletion in the preclinical phase of collagen-induced arthritis reduces clinical outcome by lowering the inflammatory cytokine profile. Arthritis Res Ther 2016; 18:138. [PMID: 27296719 PMCID: PMC4907027 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-016-1036-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease, which is characterized by inflammation of synovial joints leading to the destruction of cartilage and bone. Infiltrating mast cells can be found within the inflamed synovial tissue, however their role in disease pathogenesis is unclear. Therefore we have studied the role of mast cells during different phases of experimental arthritis. Methods We induced collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), the most frequently used animal model of arthritis, in an inducible mast cell knock-out mouse and determined the effect of mast cell depletion on the development and severity of arthritis. Results Depletion of mast cells in established arthritis did not affect clinical outcome. However, depletion of mast cells during the preclinical phase resulted in a significant reduction in arthritis. This reduction coincided with a decrease in circulating CD4+ T cells and inflammatory monocytes but not in the collagen-specific antibody levels. Mast cell depletion resulted in reduced levels of IL-6 and IL-17 in serum. Furthermore, stimulation of splenocytes from mast cell-depleted mice with collagen type II resulted in reduced levels of IL-17 and enhanced production of IL-10. Conclusions Here we show that mast cells contribute to the preclinical phase of CIA. Depletion of mast cells before disease onset resulted in an altered collagen-specific T cell and cytokine response. These data may suggest that mast cells play a role in the regulation of the adaptive immune response during the development of arthritis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-016-1036-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniël van der Velden
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - H Maxime Lagraauw
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk Wezel
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pierre Launay
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, Paris, France.,INSERM U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tom W J Huizinga
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - René E M Toes
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Ilze Bot
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen N Stoop
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Holt PG, Snelling T, White OJ, Sly PD, DeKlerk N, Carapetis J, Biggelaar AVD, Wood N, McIntyre P, Gold M. Transiently increased IgE responses in infants and pre-schoolers receiving only acellular Diphtheria-Pertussis-Tetanus (DTaP) vaccines compared to those initially receiving at least one dose of cellular vaccine (DTwP) - Immunological curiosity or canary in the mine? Vaccine 2016; 34:4257-4262. [PMID: 27265452 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several previous studies have highlighted the strong Th2-polarising and IgE-promoting activity of the DTaP vaccine, but there is no evidence that this has pathological consequences and accordingly there is no current interest amongst vaccine developers in reformulating DTaP to attenuate these properties. In light of an apparent resurgence in pertussis in many countries, and emerging evidence from other areas of paediatric immunology of IgE-mediated interference with host defence mechanisms, this issue requires more detailed clarification. METHODS We have re-evaluated the impact of DTaP-only versus mixed DTwP/DTaP vaccination on Th2-dependent "bystander" IgE responses in three cohorts of children under different priming conditions, encompassing both vaccine-targeted and unrelated antigens including food allergens. RESULTS We confirm the generalised IgE-trophic activity of the DTaP vaccine in pre-schoolers and demonstrate similar (albeit transient) effects in infants. We additionally demonstrate that use of an alternative mixed infant priming schedule encompassing an initial dose of DTwP significantly attenuates this property. INTERPRETATION Central to our interpretation of these findings are studies demonstrating: (i) mixed DTwP/DTaP priming improves resistance to pertussis disease and attenuates the IgE-stimulatory component of long term vaccine-specific memory; (ii) IgE-mediated mechanisms can interfere with innate antiviral immunity and accordingly exacerbate airway symptoms in infected children. These observations, taken together with the data presented here, suggest a plausible mechanistic link between baseline pertussis-specific IgE titres in DTaP vaccinees and susceptibility to pertussis disease, which merits testing. Retrospective IgE analyses on sera collected from children at the time of presentation with pertussis could resolve this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick G Holt
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
| | - Tom Snelling
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Olivia J White
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Peter D Sly
- Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas DeKlerk
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Jonathan Carapetis
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Anita Van Den Biggelaar
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Nicholas Wood
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter McIntyre
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael Gold
- Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Australia
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Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) lie at the heart of the innate immune system, specialised at recognising danger signals in many forms including foreign material, infection or tissue damage and initiating powerful adaptive immune and inflammatory responses. In barrier sites such as the lung, the instrumental role that DCs play at the interface between the environment and the host places them in a pivotal position in determining the severity of inflammatory disease. The past few years has seen a significant increase in our fundamental understanding of the subsets of DCs involved in pulmonary immunity, as well as the mechanisms by which they are activated and which they may use to coordinate downstream inflammation and pathology. In this review, we will summarise current understanding of the multi-faceted role that DCs play in the induction, maintenance and regulation of lung immunopathology, with an emphasis on allergic pulmonary disease.
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Froidure A, Mouthuy J, Durham SR, Chanez P, Sibille Y, Pilette C. Asthma phenotypes and IgE responses. Eur Respir J 2015; 47:304-19. [PMID: 26677936 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01824-2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of IgE represented a major breakthrough in allergy and asthma research, whereas the clinical interest given to IgE in asthma has been blurred until the arrival of anti-IgE biotherapy. Novel facets of the complex link between IgE and asthma have been highlighted by the effect of this treatment and by basic research. In parallel, asthma phenotyping recently evolved to the concept of endotypes, relying on identified/suspected pathobiological mechanisms to phenotype patients, but has not yet clearly positioned IgE among biomarkers of asthma.In this review, we first summarise recent knowledge about the regulation of IgE production and its main receptor, FcεRI. In addition to allergens acting as classical IgE inducers, viral infections as well as air pollution may trigger the IgE pathway, notably resetting the threshold of IgE sensitivity by regulating FcεRI expression. We then analyse the place of IgE in different asthma endo/phenotypes and discuss the potential interest of IgE among biomarkers in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Froidure
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle de Pneumologie, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels and Walloon Institute for Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Belgium Dept of Chest Medicine, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jonathan Mouthuy
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle de Pneumologie, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels and Walloon Institute for Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Belgium Dept of Chest Medicine, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Stephen R Durham
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Pascal Chanez
- INSERM U 1067, CNRS UMR 7333 Aix Marseille Université and Dépt des Maladies Respiratoires, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Yves Sibille
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle de Pneumologie, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels and Walloon Institute for Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Belgium Dept of Chest Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Mont-Godinne, Université catholique de Louvain, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Charles Pilette
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle de Pneumologie, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels and Walloon Institute for Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Belgium Dept of Chest Medicine, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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48
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Holt PG. The mechanism or mechanisms driving atopic asthma initiation: The infant respiratory microbiome moves to center stage. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:15-22. [PMID: 26145983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Developments over the last 5 to 10 years, principally from studies on comprehensively phenotyped prospective birth cohorts, have highlighted the important role of viral respiratory tract infections during infancy and early childhood, particularly those occurring against a background of pre-existing sensitization to perennial aeroallergens, in driving the development of early-onset atopic asthma. Although debate surrounding the mechanism or mechanisms governing this causal pathway remains intense, demonstration of the capacity of pretreatment with anti-IgE antibody to blunt seasonal virus-associated asthma exacerbations in children provides strong support for the underlying concept. However, emerging data appear set to further complicate this picture. Notably, a combination of culture-based studies and complementary population-wide bacterial metagenomic data suggests that parallel host-bacteria interactions during infancy might play an additional role in modulating this causal pathway, as well as contributing independently to pathogenesis. These and related issues surrounding development of immune competence during the crucial early postnatal period, when these pathways are maximally active, are discussed below.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick G Holt
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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Ma YL, Huang FJ, Cong L, Gong WC, Bai HM, Li J, Chen CX, Zhou NY, Jiang XL, Yin L, Chen XP. IL-4-Producing Dendritic Cells Induced during Schistosoma japonica Infection Promote Th2 Cells via IL-4-Dependent Pathway. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:3769-80. [PMID: 26363056 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1403240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although dendritic cells (DCs) have been widely demonstrated to play essential roles in initiation of Th2 responses in helminth infections and allergic reactions, the mechanisms remain uncertain largely because DCs do not produce IL-4. In present investigation, we have uncovered a novel subset of DCs from mice infected with Th2-provoking pathogens Schistosoma japonica, which independently promoted Th2 cells via IL-4-dependent pathway. These DCs contained similar levels of IL-4 mRNA and higher levels of IL-12p40 mRNA comparing to basophils, correlating to their Th2-promoting and Th1-promoting dual polarization capacities. Characterized by expression of FcεRI(+), these DCs were induced independent of T cells. Further investigations revealed that Th2-promoting FcεRI(+) DCs were monocyte-derived inflammatory DCs, which were sufficient to induce Th2 cells in vivo. Egg Ags together with GM-CSF or IL-3 alone were able to stimulate the generation of Th2-promoting FcεRI(+) DCs from bone marrow cells in vitro. To our knowledge, our data for the first time demonstrate that IL-4-producing DCs are induced under some Th2-provoking situations, and they should play important roles in initiation of Th2 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lei Ma
- Department of Immunology and Pathogen Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Feng-Juan Huang
- Department of Immunology and Pathogen Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Li Cong
- Department of Immunology and Pathogen Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wen-Ci Gong
- Department of Immunology and Pathogen Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hong-Mei Bai
- Department of Immunology and Pathogen Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Immunology and Pathogen Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chun-Xia Chen
- Department of Immunology and Pathogen Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Nian-Yu Zhou
- Department of Immunology and Pathogen Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Jiang
- Department of Immunology and Pathogen Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lan Yin
- Department of Immunology and Pathogen Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Chen
- Department of Immunology and Pathogen Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
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50
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Casale TB, Cole J, Beck E, Vogelmeier CF, Willers J, Lassen C, Hammann-Haenni A, Trokan L, Saudan P, Wechsler ME. CYT003, a TLR9 agonist, in persistent allergic asthma - a randomized placebo-controlled Phase 2b study. Allergy 2015; 70:1160-8. [PMID: 26042362 DOI: 10.1111/all.12663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New treatment options are required for patients with asthma not sufficiently controlled with inhaled therapies. In a Phase 2a trial, CYT003, a Toll-like receptor-9 agonist immunomodulator, improved asthma control during inhaled glucocorticosteroid reduction in patients with allergic asthma. This double-blind Phase 2b study assessed the efficacy and safety of CYT003 in patients with persistent moderate-to-severe allergic asthma not sufficiently controlled on standard inhaled glucocorticosteroid therapy with/without long-acting beta-agonists (LABAs). METHODS Overall, 365 patients received seven doses of subcutaneous CYT003 (0.3, 1, or 2 mg) or placebo as add-on therapy to conventional controller medication. Change from baseline in Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) score was the primary outcome; secondary outcomes included change in forced expiratory volume, Mini Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire, and safety. RESULTS All groups, including placebo, showed a clinically important improvement in ACQ score; however, there was no significant difference between the CYT003 and placebo groups at week 12 (least-squares mean difference 0.3 mg: -0.027 [95% confidence interval -0.259 to 0.204]; 1 mg: 0.097 [-0.131 to 0.325]; 2 mg: 0.081 [-0.148 to 0.315]). No significant differences were seen in secondary outcomes. CYT003 was well tolerated; the most common treatment-emergent adverse events were injection site reactions. Due to lack of efficacy, the study was prematurely terminated at the end of the treatment phase with no further follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Toll-like receptor-9 agonism with CYT003 showed no additional benefit in patients with insufficiently controlled moderate-to-severe allergic asthma receiving standard inhaled glucocorticosteroid therapy with or without LABAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. B. Casale
- Department of Internal Medicine; University of South Florida; Tampa FL USA
| | - J. Cole
- IPS Research Company; Oklahoma City OK USA
| | - E. Beck
- Medical Department; Institut fuer Gesundheitsfoerderung; Ruedersdorf Brandenburg Germany
| | - C. F. Vogelmeier
- Department of Pneumology; University of Marburg; Marburg Germany
| | - J. Willers
- Cytos Biotechnology AG; Schlieren Switzerland
| | - C. Lassen
- Cytos Biotechnology AG; Schlieren Switzerland
| | | | - L. Trokan
- Cytos Biotechnology AG; Schlieren Switzerland
| | - P. Saudan
- Cytos Biotechnology AG; Schlieren Switzerland
| | - M. E. Wechsler
- Department of Medicine; National Jewish Health; Denver CO USA
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