1
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Boudigou M, Frutoso M, Hémon P, Le Dantec C, Chatzis L, Devauchelle V, Jamin C, Cornec D, Pers JO, Le Pottier L, Hillion S. Phenotypic, transcriptomic, and spatial characterization of CD45RB + naïve mature B cells: Implications in Sjögren's disease. Clin Immunol 2024:110378. [PMID: 39393568 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 09/23/2024] [Accepted: 10/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/13/2024]
Abstract
The conventional classification of mature B cells overlooks the diversity within IgD+ CD27- naïve B cells. Here, to identify distinct mature naïve B cells, we categorized CD45RBMEM55- B cells (NA RB-) and CD45RBMEM55+ B cells (NA RB+) and explore their function and localization in circulation and tissues under physiological and pathological conditions. NA RB+ B cells, found in secondary lymphoid organs, differentiate into plasmablasts and secrete IgM. In Sjögren's disease, their numbers decrease, and they show over-activation and abnormal migration, suggesting an adaptive disease response. NA RB+ B cells also appear in inflamed salivary glands, indicating involvement in local immune responses. These findings highlight the distinct roles of NA RB+ B cells in health and Sjögren's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Loukas Chatzis
- UMR1227, LBAI, Univ Brest, Inserm, Brest, France; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Divi Cornec
- UMR1227, LBAI, Univ Brest, Inserm, and CHU Brest, Brest, France
| | | | | | - Sophie Hillion
- UMR1227, LBAI, Univ Brest, Inserm, and CHU Brest, Brest, France.
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2
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Bai J, Kato A, Hulse KE, Wechsler JB, Gujar V, Poposki JA, Harmon R, Iwasaki N, Wang BF, Huang JH, Stevens WW, Conley DB, Welch KC, Kern RC, Peters AT, Eisenbarth SC, Schleimer RP, Tan BK. Increased autoreactivity and maturity of EBI2+ antibody-secreting cells from nasal polyps. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e177729. [PMID: 39253973 PMCID: PMC11385095 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.177729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Elevated numbers of antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) and anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies are found in nasal polyp (NP) tissue. The presence of anti-dsDNA IgG in tissue prospectively predicts recurrent NP but the characteristics of the source ASCs are unknown. Here, we investigated whether NP B cells expressing the extrafollicular marker EBI2 have increased propensity for autoantibody production and evaluated the molecular characteristics of NP ASCs. NPs showed increased frequencies of anti-dsDNA IgG and total IgG ASCs compared with tonsils, with more pronounced differences among EBI2+ cells. In NPs, EBI2+ cells were frequently double negative (IgD-CD27-) and ASCs. Single-cell RNA-Seq analysis of tonsils and NPs revealed substantial differences in B lineage composition, including differences in percentages of ASCs, germinal centers, proliferative cells, and non-ASCs. NPs exhibited higher expression of specific isotypes (IGHE, IGHA1, IGHA2, and IGHG4) and mature plasma genes, including SDC1 and XBP1, than tonsils. Gene Ontology biological processes indicated upregulated NF-κB and downregulated apoptosis pathways in NP ASCs. Together, these data indicate that NP EBI2+ ASCs secret increased total and anti-dsDNA IgG compared with those from tonsils and had molecular features of mature plasma cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Department of Otolaryngology
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Kathryn E Hulse
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Joshua B Wechsler
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Vikram Gujar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Oklahoma State University, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Julie A Poposki
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | | | - Bao-Feng Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Whitney W Stevens
- Department of Otolaryngology
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | | | | | - Anju T Peters
- Department of Otolaryngology
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | - Robert P Schleimer
- Department of Otolaryngology
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Bruce K Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, and
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3
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Ramirez SI, Faraji F, Hills LB, Lopez PG, Goodwin B, Stacey HD, Sutton HJ, Hastie KM, Saphire EO, Kim HJ, Mashoof S, Yan CH, DeConde AS, Levi G, Crotty S. Immunological memory diversity in the human upper airway. Nature 2024; 632:630-636. [PMID: 39085605 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07748-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
The upper airway is an important site of infection, but immune memory in the human upper airway is poorly understood, with implications for COVID-19 and many other human diseases1-4. Here we demonstrate that nasal and nasopharyngeal swabs can be used to obtain insights into these challenging problems, and define distinct immune cell populations, including antigen-specific memory B cells and T cells, in two adjacent anatomical sites in the upper airway. Upper airway immune cell populations seemed stable over time in healthy adults undergoing monthly swabs for more than 1 year, and prominent tissue resident memory T (TRM) cell and B (BRM) cell populations were defined. Unexpectedly, germinal centre cells were identified consistently in many nasopharyngeal swabs. In subjects with SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections, local virus-specific BRM cells, plasma cells and germinal centre B cells were identified, with evidence of local priming and an enrichment of IgA+ memory B cells in upper airway compartments compared with blood. Local plasma cell populations were identified with transcriptional profiles of longevity. Local virus-specific memory CD4+ TRM cells and CD8+ TRM cells were identified, with diverse additional virus-specific T cells. Age-dependent upper airway immunological shifts were observed. These findings provide new understanding of immune memory at a principal mucosal barrier tissue in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney I Ramirez
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Farhoud Faraji
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - L Benjamin Hills
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paul G Lopez
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Goodwin
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hannah D Stacey
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Henry J Sutton
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn M Hastie
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Erica Ollmann Saphire
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hyun Jik Kim
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sara Mashoof
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Carol H Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Adam S DeConde
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gina Levi
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shane Crotty
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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4
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Singh A, Schurman SH, Bektas A, Kaileh M, Roy R, Wilson DM, Sen R, Ferrucci L. Aging and Inflammation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2024; 14:a041197. [PMID: 38052484 PMCID: PMC11146314 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging can be conceptualized as the progressive disequilibrium between stochastic damage accumulation and resilience mechanisms that continuously repair that damage, which eventually cause the development of chronic disease, frailty, and death. The immune system is at the forefront of these resilience mechanisms. Indeed, aging is associated with persistent activation of the immune system, witnessed by a high circulating level of inflammatory markers and activation of immune cells in the circulation and in tissue, a condition called "inflammaging." Like aging, inflammaging is associated with increased risk of many age-related pathologies and disabilities, as well as frailty and death. Herein we discuss recent advances in the understanding of the mechanisms leading to inflammaging and the intrinsic dysregulation of the immune function that occurs with aging. We focus on the underlying mechanisms of chronic inflammation, in particular the role of NF-κB and recent studies targeting proinflammatory mediators. We further explore the dysregulation of the immune response with age and immunosenescence as an important mechanistic immune response to acute stressors. We examine the role of the gastrointestinal microbiome, age-related dysbiosis, and the integrated stress response in modulating the inflammatory "response" to damage accumulation and stress. We conclude by focusing on the seminal question of whether reducing inflammation is useful and the results of related clinical trials. In summary, we propose that inflammation may be viewed both as a clinical biomarker of the failure of resilience mechanisms and as a causal factor in the rising burden of disease and disabilities with aging. The fact that inflammation can be reduced through nonpharmacological interventions such as diet and exercise suggests that a life course approach based on education may be a successful strategy to increase the health span with few adverse consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Singh
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Shepherd H Schurman
- Clinical Research Unit, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Arsun Bektas
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Mary Kaileh
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Roshni Roy
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - David M Wilson
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek 3500, Belgium
| | - Ranjan Sen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
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5
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Montorsi L, Pitcher MJ, Zhao Y, Dionisi C, Demonti A, Tull TJ, Dhami P, Ellis RJ, Bishop C, Sanderson JD, Jain S, D'Cruz D, Gibbons DL, Winkler TH, Bemark M, Ciccarelli FD, Spencer J. Double-negative B cells and DNASE1L3 colocalise with microbiota in gut-associated lymphoid tissue. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4051. [PMID: 38744839 PMCID: PMC11094119 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48267-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal homeostasis is maintained by the response of gut-associated lymphoid tissue to bacteria transported across the follicle associated epithelium into the subepithelial dome. The initial response to antigens and how bacteria are handled is incompletely understood. By iterative application of spatial transcriptomics and multiplexed single-cell technologies, we identify that the double negative 2 subset of B cells, previously associated with autoimmune diseases, is present in the subepithelial dome in health. We show that in this location double negative 2 B cells interact with dendritic cells co-expressing the lupus autoantigens DNASE1L3 and C1q and microbicides. We observe that in humans, but not in mice, dendritic cells expressing DNASE1L3 are associated with sampled bacteria but not DNA derived from apoptotic cells. We propose that fundamental features of autoimmune diseases are microbiota-associated, interacting components of normal intestinal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Montorsi
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michael J Pitcher
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Yuan Zhao
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Chiara Dionisi
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alicia Demonti
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas J Tull
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Pawan Dhami
- Genomics Research Platform and Single Cell Laboratory at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Richard J Ellis
- Advanced Cytometry Platform (Flow Core), Research and Development Department at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Cynthia Bishop
- Advanced Cytometry Platform (Flow Core), Research and Development Department at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jeremy D Sanderson
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sahil Jain
- Louise Coote Lupus Unit, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - David D'Cruz
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Louise Coote Lupus Unit, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Deena L Gibbons
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas H Winkler
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mats Bemark
- Department of Translational Medicine - Human Immunology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Jo Spencer
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
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6
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Lindeman I, Høydahl LS, Christophersen A, Risnes LF, Jahnsen J, Lundin KEA, Sollid LM, Iversen R. Generation of circulating autoreactive pre-plasma cells fueled by naive B cells in celiac disease. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114045. [PMID: 38578826 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies against the enzyme transglutaminase 2 (TG2) are characteristic of celiac disease (CeD), and TG2-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) A plasma cells are abundant in gut biopsies of patients. Here, we describe the corresponding population of autoreactive B cells in blood. Circulating TG2-specific IgA cells are present in untreated patients on a gluten-containing diet but not in controls. They are clonally related to TG2-specific small intestinal plasma cells, and they express gut-homing molecules, indicating that they are plasma cell precursors. Unlike other IgA-switched cells, the TG2-specific cells are negative for CD27, placing them in the double-negative (IgD-CD27-) category. They have a plasmablast or activated memory B cell phenotype, and they harbor fewer variable region mutations than other IgA cells. Based on their similarity to naive B cells, we propose that autoreactive IgA cells in CeD are generated mainly through chronic recruitment of naive B cells via an extrafollicular response involving gluten-specific CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Lindeman
- Norwegian Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lene S Høydahl
- Norwegian Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Asbjørn Christophersen
- Norwegian Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Louise F Risnes
- Norwegian Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørgen Jahnsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Knut E A Lundin
- Norwegian Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig M Sollid
- Norwegian Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rasmus Iversen
- Norwegian Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
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7
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Gao X, Shen Q, Roco JA, Dalton B, Frith K, Munier CML, Ballard FD, Wang K, Kelly HG, Nekrasov M, He JS, Jaeger R, Carreira P, Ellyard JI, Beattie L, Enders A, Cook MC, Zaunders JJ, Cockburn IA. Zeb2 drives the formation of CD11c + atypical B cells to sustain germinal centers that control persistent infection. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadj4748. [PMID: 38330097 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adj4748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
CD11c+ atypical B cells (ABCs) are an alternative memory B cell lineage associated with immunization, infection, and autoimmunity. However, the factors that drive the transcriptional program of ABCs have not been identified, and the function of this population remains incompletely understood. Here, we identified candidate transcription factors associated with the ABC population based on a human tonsillar B cell single-cell dataset. We identified CD11c+ B cells in mice with a similar transcriptomic signature to human ABCs, and using an optimized CRISPR-Cas9 knockdown screen, we observed that loss of zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2 (Zeb2) impaired ABC formation. Furthermore, ZEB2 haplo-insufficient Mowat-Wilson syndrome (MWS) patients have decreased circulating ABCs in the blood. In Cd23Cre/+Zeb2fl/fl mice with impaired ABC formation, ABCs were dispensable for efficient humoral responses after Plasmodium sporozoite immunization but were required to control recrudescent blood-stage malaria. Immune phenotyping revealed that ABCs drive optimal T follicular helper (TFH) cell formation and germinal center (GC) responses and they reside at the red/white pulp border, likely permitting better access to pathogen antigens for presentation. Collectively, our study shows that ABC formation is dependent on Zeb2, and these cells can limit recrudescent infection by sustaining GC reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gao
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Qian Shen
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Jonathan A Roco
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Becan Dalton
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Katie Frith
- Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Fiona D Ballard
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Ke Wang
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Hannah G Kelly
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Maxim Nekrasov
- Australian Cancer Research Foundation Biomolecular Resource Facility, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Jin-Shu He
- ANU Centre for Therapeutic Discovery, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Rebecca Jaeger
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Patricia Carreira
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Julia I Ellyard
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Lynette Beattie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anselm Enders
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Matthew C Cook
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- Cambridge Institute for Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - John J Zaunders
- Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ian A Cockburn
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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8
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Bryushkova EA, Mushenkova NV, Turchaninova MA, Lukyanov DK, Chudakov DM, Serebrovskaya EO. B cell clonality in cancer. Semin Immunol 2024; 72:101874. [PMID: 38508089 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2024.101874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Carcinogenesis in the process of long-term co-evolution of tumor cells and immune environment essentially becomes possible due to incorrect decisions made, remembered, and reproduced by the immune system at the level of clonal populations of antigen-specific T- and B-lymphocytes. Tumor-immunity interaction determines the nature of such errors and, consequently, delineates the possible ways of successful immunotherapeutic intervention. It is generally recognized that tumor-infiltrating B cells (TIL-B) can play both pro-tumor and anti-tumor roles. However, the exact mechanisms that determine the contribution of clonal B cell lineages with different specificities and functions remain largely unclear. This is due to the variability of cancer types, the molecular heterogeneity of tumor cells, and, to a large extent, the individual pattern of each immune response. Further progress requires detailed investigation of the functional properties and phenotypes of clonally heterogeneous B cells in relation to their antigenic specificities, which determine the functionality of both effector B lymphocytes and immunoglobulins produced in the tumor environment. Based on a real understanding of the role of clonal antigen-specific populations of B lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment, we need to learn how to develop new methods of targeted immunotherapy, as well as adapt existing treatment options to the specific needs of different patients and patient subgroups. In this review, we will cover B cells functional diversity and their multifaceted roles in the tumor environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Bryushkova
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia; Department of Molecular Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - N V Mushenkova
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Unicorn Capital Partners, Moscow, Russia
| | - M A Turchaninova
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - D K Lukyanov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia; Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - D M Chudakov
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia; Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia; Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - E O Serebrovskaya
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia; Current position: Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
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9
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Massoni-Badosa R, Aguilar-Fernández S, Nieto JC, Soler-Vila P, Elosua-Bayes M, Marchese D, Kulis M, Vilas-Zornoza A, Bühler MM, Rashmi S, Alsinet C, Caratù G, Moutinho C, Ruiz S, Lorden P, Lunazzi G, Colomer D, Frigola G, Blevins W, Romero-Rivero L, Jiménez-Martínez V, Vidal A, Mateos-Jaimez J, Maiques-Diaz A, Ovejero S, Moreaux J, Palomino S, Gomez-Cabrero D, Agirre X, Weniger MA, King HW, Garner LC, Marini F, Cervera-Paz FJ, Baptista PM, Vilaseca I, Rosales C, Ruiz-Gaspà S, Talks B, Sidhpura K, Pascual-Reguant A, Hauser AE, Haniffa M, Prosper F, Küppers R, Gut IG, Campo E, Martin-Subero JI, Heyn H. An atlas of cells in the human tonsil. Immunity 2024; 57:379-399.e18. [PMID: 38301653 PMCID: PMC10869140 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Palatine tonsils are secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) representing the first line of immunological defense against inhaled or ingested pathogens. We generated an atlas of the human tonsil composed of >556,000 cells profiled across five different data modalities, including single-cell transcriptome, epigenome, proteome, and immune repertoire sequencing, as well as spatial transcriptomics. This census identified 121 cell types and states, defined developmental trajectories, and enabled an understanding of the functional units of the tonsil. Exemplarily, we stratified myeloid slan-like subtypes, established a BCL6 enhancer as locally active in follicle-associated T and B cells, and identified SIX5 as putative transcriptional regulator of plasma cell maturation. Analyses of a validation cohort confirmed the presence, annotation, and markers of tonsillar cell types and provided evidence of age-related compositional shifts. We demonstrate the value of this resource by annotating cells from B cell-derived mantle cell lymphomas, linking transcriptional heterogeneity to normal B cell differentiation states of the human tonsil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan C Nieto
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Soler-Vila
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Marta Kulis
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amaia Vilas-Zornoza
- Hemato-Oncology Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, IDISNA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Matteo Bühler
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Hematopathology Section, Pathology Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonal Rashmi
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Alsinet
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ginevra Caratù
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Catia Moutinho
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Ruiz
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Lorden
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giulia Lunazzi
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolors Colomer
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Hematopathology Section, Pathology Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Fonaments Clínics, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerard Frigola
- Hematopathology Section, Pathology Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Will Blevins
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucia Romero-Rivero
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Anna Vidal
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Mateos-Jaimez
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Maiques-Diaz
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Ovejero
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Institute of Human Genetics, UMR 9002 CNRS-UM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérôme Moreaux
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Institute of Human Genetics, UMR 9002 CNRS-UM, Montpellier, France; Department of Clinical Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sara Palomino
- Translational Bioinformatics Unit (TransBio), Navarrabiomed, Navarra Health Department (CHN), Public University of Navarra (UPNA), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - David Gomez-Cabrero
- Translational Bioinformatics Unit (TransBio), Navarrabiomed, Navarra Health Department (CHN), Public University of Navarra (UPNA), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology KAUST, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xabier Agirre
- Hemato-Oncology Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, IDISNA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc A Weniger
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hamish W King
- Epigenetics and Development Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Lucy C Garner
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Federico Marini
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Peter M Baptista
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Isabel Vilaseca
- Otorhinolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery Department, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cecilia Rosales
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Ruiz-Gaspà
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Benjamin Talks
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Department of Otolaryngology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Keval Sidhpura
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Anna Pascual-Reguant
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Immune Dynamics, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja E Hauser
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Immune Dynamics, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Muzlifah Haniffa
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK; Department of Dermatology and NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Felipe Prosper
- Hemato-Oncology Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, IDISNA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Hematología, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ralf Küppers
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ivo Glynne Gut
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elias Campo
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Hematopathology Section, Pathology Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Fonaments Clínics, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Ignacio Martin-Subero
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Fonaments Clínics, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Holger Heyn
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
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10
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Suma S, Suehara Y, Fujisawa M, Abe Y, Hattori K, Makishima K, Sakamoto T, Sawa A, Bando H, Kaji D, Sugio T, Kato K, Akashi K, Matsue K, Carreras J, Nakamura N, Suzuki A, Suzuki Y, Ito K, Shiiba H, Chiba S, Sakata-Yanagimoto M. Tumor heterogeneity and immune-evasive T follicular cell lymphoma phenotypes at single-cell resolution. Leukemia 2024; 38:340-350. [PMID: 38012392 PMCID: PMC10844096 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-02093-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
T follicular helper (TFH) cell lymphomas (TFHLs) are characterized by TFH-like properties and accompanied by substantial immune-cell infiltration into tumor tissues. Nevertheless, the comprehensive understanding of tumor-cell heterogeneity and immune profiles of TFHL remains elusive. To address this, we conducted single-cell transcriptomic analysis on 9 lymph node (LN) and 16 peripheral blood (PB) samples from TFHL patients. Tumor cells were divided into 5 distinct subclusters, with significant heterogeneity observed in the expression levels of TFH markers. Copy number variation (CNV) and trajectory analyses indicated that the accumulation of CNVs, together with gene mutations, may drive the clonal evolution of tumor cells towards TFH-like and cell proliferation phenotypes. Additionally, we identified a novel tumor-cell-specific marker, PLS3. Notably, we found a significant increase in exhausted CD8+ T cells with oligoclonal expansion in TFHL LNs and PB, along with distinctive immune evasion characteristics exhibited by infiltrating regulatory T, myeloid, B, and natural killer cells. Finally, in-silico and spatial cell-cell interaction analyses revealed complex networking between tumor and immune cells, driving the formation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. These findings highlight the remarkable tumor-cell heterogeneity and immunoevasion in TFHL beyond previous expectations, suggesting potential roles in treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakurako Suma
- Department of Hematology, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Suehara
- Department of Hematology, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Manabu Fujisawa
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yoshiaki Abe
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Hattori
- Department of Hematology, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kenichi Makishima
- Department of Hematology, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Sakamoto
- Department of Hematology, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Aya Sawa
- Department of Breast-Thyroid-Endocrine Surgery, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroko Bando
- Department of Breast-Thyroid-Endocrine Surgery, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kaji
- Department of Hematology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sugio
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Koji Kato
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koichi Akashi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kosei Matsue
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan
| | - Joaquim Carreras
- Department of Pathology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Naoya Nakamura
- Department of Pathology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Ayako Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Ken Ito
- Oncology Business Unit, Eisai Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shiiba
- Oncology Department, Medical Head Quarters, Eisai Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Chiba
- Department of Hematology, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mamiko Sakata-Yanagimoto
- Department of Hematology, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan.
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
- Division of Advanced Hemato-Oncology, Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
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11
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Steuten J, Bos AV, Kuijper LH, Claireaux M, Olijhoek W, Elias G, Duurland MC, Jorritsma T, Marsman C, Paul AGA, Garcia Vallejo JJ, van Gils MJ, Wieske L, Kuijpers TW, Eftimov F, van Ham SM, Ten Brinke A. Distinct dynamics of antigen-specific induction and differentiation of different CD11c +Tbet + B-cell subsets. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:689-699.e6. [PMID: 36858158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD11c+Tbet+ B cells are enriched in autoimmunity and chronic infections and also expand on immune challenge in healthy individuals. CD11c+Tbet+ B cells remain an enigmatic B-cell population because of their intrinsic heterogeneity. OBJECTIVES We investigated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antigen-specific development and differentiation properties of 3 separate CD11c+ B-cell subsets-age-associated B cells (ABCs), double-negative 2 (DN2) B cells, and activated naive B cells-and compared them to their canonical CD11c- counterparts. METHODS Dynamics of the response of the 3 CD11c+ B-cell subsets were assessed at SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in healthy donors by spectral flow cytometry. Distinct CD11c+ B-cell subsets were functionally characterized by optimized in vitro cultures. RESULTS In contrast to a durable expansion of antigen-specific CD11c- memory B cells over time, both ABCs and DN2 cells were strongly expanded shortly after second vaccination and subsequently contracted. Functional characterization of antibody-secreting cell differentiation dynamics revealed that CD11c+Tbet+ B cells were primed for antibody-secreting cell differentiation compared to relevant canonical CD11c- counterparts. CONCLUSION Overall, CD11c+Tbet+ B cells encompass heterogeneous subpopulations, of which primarily ABCs as well as DN2 B cells respond early to immune challenge and display a pre-antibody-secreting cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juulke Steuten
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amélie V Bos
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisan H Kuijper
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mathieu Claireaux
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Olijhoek
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - George Elias
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mariel C Duurland
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tineke Jorritsma
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Casper Marsman
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Juan J Garcia Vallejo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Free University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marit J van Gils
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luuk Wieske
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Filip Eftimov
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Marieke van Ham
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anja Ten Brinke
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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12
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Sadighi Akha AA, Csomós K, Ujházi B, Walter JE, Kumánovics A. Evolving Approach to Clinical Cytometry for Immunodeficiencies and Other Immune Disorders. Clin Lab Med 2023; 43:467-483. [PMID: 37481324 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiencies were initially identified on the basis of recurrent, severe or unusual infections. Subsequently, it was noted that these diseases can also manifest with autoimmunity, autoinflammation, allergy, lymphoproliferation and malignancy, hence a conceptual change and their renaming as inborn errors of immunity. Ongoing advances in flow cytometry provide the opportunity to expand or modify the utility and scope of existing laboratory tests in this field to mirror this conceptual change. Here we have used the B cell subset, variably known as CD21low B cells, age-associated B cells and T-bet+ B cells, as an example to demonstrate this possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir A Sadighi Akha
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Krisztián Csomós
- Division of Pediatric Allergy/Immunology, University of South Florida, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Boglárka Ujházi
- Division of Pediatric Allergy/Immunology, University of South Florida, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Jolán E Walter
- Division of Pediatric Allergy/Immunology, University of South Florida, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Attila Kumánovics
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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13
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Moysidou E, Lioulios G, Christodoulou M, Xochelli A, Stai S, Iosifidou M, Iosifidou A, Briza S, Briza DI, Fylaktou A, Stangou M. Increase in Double Negative B Lymphocytes in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Remission and Their Correlation with Early Differentiated T Lymphocyte Subpopulations. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:6667-6681. [PMID: 37623240 PMCID: PMC10453294 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45080421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
B and T lymphocytes demonstrate important alterations in patients with systemic lupus erythematous (SLE), with a significant upregulation of double negative (DN) B cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation of T cell immunity changes with the distinct B-cell-pattern SLE. In the present study, flow cytometry was performed in 30 patients in remission of SLE and 31 healthy controls to detect DN B cells (CD19+IgD-CD27-) and a wide range of T lymphocyte subpopulations based on the presence of CD45RA, CCR7, CD31, CD28, and CD57, defined as naive, memory, and advanced differentiated/senescent T cells. Both B and T lymphocytes were significantly reduced in SLE patients. However, the percentage of DN B cells were increased compared to HC (12.9 (2.3-74.2) vs. 8 (1.7-35), p = 0.04). The distribution of CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes demonstrated a shift to advanced differentiated subsets. The population of DN B cells had a significant positive correlation with most of the early differentiated T lymphocytes, CD4CD31+, CD4CD45RA+CD28+, CD4CD45RA+CD57-, CD4CD45RA-CD57-, CD4CD28+CD57-, CD4CD28+CD57+, CD4 CM, CD8 CD31+, CD8 NAÏVE, CD8CD45RA-CD57-, CD8CD28+CD57-, and CD8CD28+CD57+. Multiple regression analysis revealed CD4CD31+, CD8CD45RA-CD57-, and CD8CD28+CD57- cells as independent parameters contributing to DN B cells, with adjusted R2 = 0.534 and p < 0.0001. The predominance of DN B cells in patients with SLE is closely associated with early differentiated T lymphocyte subsets, indicating a potential causality role of DN B cells in T lymphocyte activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Moysidou
- School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 45636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.M.); (G.L.); (M.C.); (S.S.); (M.I.); (A.I.)
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital “Hippokration”, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Lioulios
- School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 45636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.M.); (G.L.); (M.C.); (S.S.); (M.I.); (A.I.)
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital “Hippokration”, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michalis Christodoulou
- School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 45636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.M.); (G.L.); (M.C.); (S.S.); (M.I.); (A.I.)
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital “Hippokration”, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aliki Xochelli
- Department of Immunology, National Histocompatibility Center, General Hospital “Hippokration”, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.X.); (A.F.)
| | - Stamatia Stai
- School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 45636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.M.); (G.L.); (M.C.); (S.S.); (M.I.); (A.I.)
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital “Hippokration”, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Myrto Iosifidou
- School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 45636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.M.); (G.L.); (M.C.); (S.S.); (M.I.); (A.I.)
| | - Artemis Iosifidou
- School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 45636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.M.); (G.L.); (M.C.); (S.S.); (M.I.); (A.I.)
| | - Sophia Briza
- Department of Architecture, School of Engineering, University of Thessaly, 38334 Thessaly, Greece;
| | - Dimitria Ioanna Briza
- School of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 45636 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Asimina Fylaktou
- Department of Immunology, National Histocompatibility Center, General Hospital “Hippokration”, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.X.); (A.F.)
| | - Maria Stangou
- School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 45636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.M.); (G.L.); (M.C.); (S.S.); (M.I.); (A.I.)
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital “Hippokration”, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece
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14
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Wing E, Sutherland C, Miles K, Gray D, Goodyear CS, Otto TD, Breusch S, Cowan G, Gray M. Double-negative-2 B cells are the major synovial plasma cell precursor in rheumatoid arthritis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1241474. [PMID: 37638026 PMCID: PMC10450142 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1241474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
B cells are key pathogenic drivers of chronic inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). There is limited understanding of the relationship between synovial B cell subsets and pathogenic antibody secreting cells (ASCs). This knowledge is crucial for the development of more targeted B-cell depleting therapies. While CD11c+ double-negative 2 (DN2) B cells have been suggested as an ASC precursor in lupus, to date there is no proven link between the two subsets in RA. We have used both single-cell gene expression and BCR sequencing to study synovial B cells from patients with established RA, in addition to flow cytometry of circulating B cells. To better understand the differentiation patterns within the diseased tissue, a combination of RNA-based trajectory inference and clonal lineage analysis of BCR relationships were used. Both forms of analysis indicated that DN2 B cells serve as a major precursors to synovial ASCs. This study advances our understanding of B cells in RA and reveals the origin of pathogenic ASCs in the RA synovium. Given the significant role of DN2 B cells as a progenitor to pathogenic B cells in RA, it is important to conduct additional research to investigate the origins of DN2 B cells in RA and explore their potential as therapeutic targets in place of the less specific pan-B cells depletion therapies currently in use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elinor Wing
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Sutherland
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, The King’s Buildings, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Miles
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David Gray
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, The King’s Buildings, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Carl S. Goodyear
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas D. Otto
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Breusch
- Orthopaedic Unit, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme Cowan
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, The King’s Buildings, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mohini Gray
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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15
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Wei T, Shi X, Sun W, Song W, Zhou S, Zhao Y, Wang Z, Tang Y. Identifying Suitable Targets for Alzheimer's Disease and Other Eight Common Neurological Disorders Using the Human Plasma Proteome: A Mendelian Randomization Study. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:811-822. [PMID: 37662610 PMCID: PMC10473150 DOI: 10.3233/adr-230058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), comprise a major cause of health-related disabilities in human. However, biomarkers towards pathogenesis or novel targets are still limited. Objective To identify the causality between plasma proteins and the risk of AD and other eight common neurological diseases using a Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Methods Exposure data were obtained from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 2,994 plasma proteins in 3,301 healthy adults, and outcome datasets included GWAS summary statistics of nine neurological disorders. Inverse variance-weighted MR method as the primary analysis was used to estimate causal effects. Results Higher genetically proxied plasma myeloid cell surface antigen CD33 level was found to be associated with increased risk of AD (odds ratio [OR] 1.079, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.047-1.112, p = 8.39×10-7). We also discovered the causality between genetically proxied elevated prolactin and higher risk of epilepsy (OR = 1.068, 95% CI = 1.034-1.102; p = 5.46×10-5). Negative associations were identified between cyclin-dependent kinase 8 and ischemic stroke (OR = 0.927, 95% CI = 0.896-0.959, p = 9.32×10-6), between neuralized E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase 1 and migraine (OR = 0.914, 95% CI = 0.878-0.952, p = 1.48×10-5), and between Fc receptor-like protein 4 and multiple sclerosis (MS) (OR = 0.929, 95% CI = 0.897-0.963, p = 4.27×10-5). Conclusion The findings identified MR-level protein-disease associations for AD, epilepsy, ischemic stroke, migraine, and MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wei
- Department of Neurology and Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolei Shi
- Geriatric Neuroscience Center, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Weiyi Song
- Department of Neurology and Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Shaojiong Zhou
- Department of Neurology and Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwei Zhao
- Department of Neurology and Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Department of Neurology and Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Neurology and Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China
- Neurodegenerative Laboratory of Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China, Beijing, China
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16
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Zheng X, Dozmorov MG, Strohlein CE, Bastacky S, Sawalha AH. Ezh2 Knockout in B Cells Impairs Plasmablast Differentiation and Ameliorates Lupus-like Disease in MRL/lpr Mice. Arthritis Rheumatol 2023; 75:1395-1406. [PMID: 36897808 PMCID: PMC10492897 DOI: 10.1002/art.42492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES EZH2 regulates B cell development and differentiation. We previously demonstrated increased EZH2 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from lupus patients. The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of EZH2 expression in B cells in the pathogenesis of lupus. METHODS We generated an MRL/lpr mouse with floxed Ezh2, which was crossed with CD19-Cre mice to examine the effect of B cell EZH2 deficiency in MRL/lpr lupus-prone mice. Differentiation of B cells was assessed using flow cytometry. Single-cell RNA sequencing and single-cell B cell receptor sequencing were performed. In vitro B cell culture with an X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) inhibitor was performed. EZH2 and XBP1 messenger RNA levels in CD19+ B cells isolated from lupus patients and healthy controls were analyzed. RESULTS We show that Ezh2 deletion in B cells significantly decreased autoantibody production and improved glomerulonephritis. B cell development was altered in the bone marrow and spleen of EZH2-deficient mice. Differentiation of germinal center B cells and plasmablasts was impaired. Single-cell RNA sequencing showed that XBP1, a key transcription factor in B cell development, is down-regulated in the absence of EZH2. Inhibiting XBP1 in vitro impairs plasmablast development similar to EZH2 deficiency in mice. Single-cell B cell receptor RNA sequencing revealed defective immunoglobulin class-switch recombination in EZH2-deficient mice. In human lupus B cells, we observed a strong correlation between EZH2 and XBP1 messenger RNA expression levels. CONCLUSION EZH2 overexpression in B cells contributes to disease pathogenesis in lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mikhail G Dozmorov
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Colleen E Strohlein
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sheldon Bastacky
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Amr H Sawalha
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Lupus Center of Excellence, and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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17
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Reusch L, Angeletti D. Memory B-cell diversity: From early generation to tissue residency and reactivation. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250085. [PMID: 36811174 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Memory B cells (MBCs) have a crucial function in providing an enhanced response to repeated infections. Upon antigen encounter, MBC can either rapidly differentiate to antibody secreting cells or enter germinal centers (GC) to further diversify and affinity mature. Understanding how and when MBC are formed, where they reside and how they select their fate upon reactivation has profound implications for designing strategies to improve targeted, next-generation vaccines. Recent studies have crystallized much of our knowledge on MBC but also reported several surprising discoveries and gaps in our current understanding. Here, we review the latest advancements in the field and highlight current unknowns. In particular, we focus on timing and cues leading to MBC generation before and during the GC reaction, discuss how MBC become resident in mucosal tissues, and finally, provide an overview of factors shaping MBC fate-decision upon reactivation in mucosal and lymphoid tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Reusch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Davide Angeletti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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18
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Single-cell chemokine receptor profiles delineate the immune contexture of tertiary lymphoid structures in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2023; 558:216105. [PMID: 36841416 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are organized aggregates of immune cells associated with favourable prognosis and response to immunotherapy in cancer, but the immune architecture of TLSs remains poorly elucidated. Here, we hypothesize that the spatial architecture of leukocytes in TLSs can be reconstructed de novo, at least partially, by cell-inherent chemokine receptors profiles. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) revealed 47 subpopulations of leukocytes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC). Combined with bulk RNA-seq, we observed that CXCR3, CCR7, CCR6, CXCR5, and CCR1 are TLS-associated chemokine receptors. According to the spatial reference, the cellular atlas with TLS-associated chemokine receptors in HNSC TLSs was elaborately portrayed by multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC). Subsequently, we explored the functions and evolutionary trajectory of cells distributed in TLSs. Our investigation presents an approach to reconstructing the immune architecture of TLSs, which would help boost the antitumor immune response by inducing neogenesis TLSs in HNSC.
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19
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Gjertsson I, McGrath S, Grimstad K, Jonsson CA, Camponeschi A, Thorarinsdottir K, Mårtensson IL. A close-up on the expanding landscape of CD21-/low B cells in humans. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 210:217-229. [PMID: 36380692 PMCID: PMC9985162 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory B cells (MBCs) are an essential part of our immunological memory. They respond fast upon re-encountering pathogens and can differentiate into plasma cells that secrete protective antibodies. The focus of this review is on MBCs that lack, or express low levels of, CD21, hereafter referred to as CD21-/low. These cells are expanded in peripheral blood with age and during chronic inflammatory conditions such as viral infections, malaria, common variable immunodeficiency, and autoimmune diseases. CD21-/low MBCs have gained significant attention; they produce disease-specific antibodies/autoantibodies and associate with key disease manifestations in some conditions. These cells can be divided into subsets based on classical B-cell and other markers, e.g. CD11c, FcRL4, and Tbet which, over the years, have become hallmarks to identify these cells. This has resulted in different names including age-associated, autoimmune-associated, atypical, tissue-like, tissue-resident, tissue-restricted, exhausted, or simply CD21-/low B cells. It is however unclear whether the expanded 'CD21-/low' cells in one condition are equivalent to those in another, whether they express an identical gene signature and whether they have a similar function. Here, we will discuss these issues with the goal to understand whether the CD21-/low B cells are comparable in different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inger Gjertsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Sarah McGrath
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Kristoffer Grimstad
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
- School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, Skövde 54128, Sweden
| | - Charlotte A Jonsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Alessandro Camponeschi
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Katrin Thorarinsdottir
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Inga-Lill Mårtensson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
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20
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Gao X, Cockburn IA. The development and function of CD11c+ atypical B cells - insights from single cell analysis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:979060. [PMID: 36072594 PMCID: PMC9441955 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.979060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CD11c+ T-bet+ atypical B cells (ABCs) have been identified in the context of vaccination, acute and chronic infections and autoimmune disease. However, the origins and functions of ABCs remain elusive. A major obstacle in the study of ABCs, and human MBCs more generally, has been the use of different phenotypic markers in different contexts to identify what appear to be phenotypically similar cells. Advances in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology have allowed researchers to accurately identify ABCs in different immune contexts such as diseases and tissues. Notably, recent studies utilizing single cell techniques have demonstrated ABCs are a highly conserved memory B cell lineage. This analysis has also revealed that ABCs are more abundant in ostensibly healthy donors than previously thought. Nonetheless, the normal function of these cells remains elusive. In this review, we will focus on scRNA-seq studies to discuss recent advances in our understanding about the development and functions of ABCs.
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21
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Abstract
Since the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL), its cognate receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (RANK), and the decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG) were discovered, a number of studies have uncovered the crucial role of the RANKL-RANK-OPG pathway in controlling the key aspect of bone homeostasis, the immune system, inflammation, cancer, and other systems under pathophysiological condition. These findings have expanded the understanding of the multifunctional biology of the RANKL-RANK-OPG pathway and led to the development of therapeutic potential targeting this pathway. The successful development and application of anti-RANKL antibody in treating diseases causing bone loss validates the utility of therapeutic approaches based on the modulation of this pathway. Moreover, recent studies have demonstrated the involvement of the RANKL-RANK pathway in osteoblast differentiation and bone formation, shedding light on the RANKL-RANK dual signaling in coupling bone resorption and bone formation. In this review, we will summarize the current understanding of the RANKL-RANK-OPG system in the context of the bone and the immune system as well as the impact of this pathway in disease conditions, including cancer development and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Takegahara
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hyunsoo Kim
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yongwon Choi
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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22
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Carrasco A, Sjölander I, Van Acker A, Dernstedt A, Fehrm J, Forsell M, Friberg D, Mjösberg J, Rao A. The Tonsil Lymphocyte Landscape in Pediatric Tonsil Hyperplasia and Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Front Immunol 2021; 12:674080. [PMID: 34745084 PMCID: PMC8570126 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.674080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tonsil hyperplasia is the most common cause of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Despite the growing knowledge in tissue immunology of tonsils, the immunopathology driving tonsil hyperplasia and OSA remains unknown. Here we used multi-parametric flow cytometry to analyze the composition and phenotype of tonsillar innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), T cells, and B cells from pediatric patients with OSA, who had previous polysomnography. Unbiased clustering analysis was used to delineate and compare lymphocyte heterogeneity between two patient groups: children with small tonsils and moderate OSA (n = 6) or large tonsils and very severe OSA (n = 13). We detected disturbed ILC and B cell proportions in patients with large tonsils, characterized by an increase in the frequency of naïve CD27-CD21hi B cells and a relative reduction of ILCs. The enrichment of naïve B cells was not commensurate with elevated Ki67 expression, suggesting defective differentiation and/or migration rather than cellular proliferation to be the causative mechanism. Finally, yet importantly, we provide the flow cytometry data to be used as a resource for additional translational studies aimed at investigating the immunological mechanisms of pediatric tonsil hyperplasia and OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Carrasco
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Isabella Sjölander
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aline Van Acker
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andy Dernstedt
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Section of Infection and Immunology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Johan Fehrm
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention, and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Forsell
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Section of Infection and Immunology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Danielle Friberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jenny Mjösberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Rao
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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23
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Kealy L, Good-Jacobson KL. Advances in understanding the formation and fate of B-cell memory in response to immunization or infection. OXFORD OPEN IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 2:iqab018. [PMID: 36845573 PMCID: PMC8499879 DOI: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqab018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunological memory has the potential to provide lifelong protection against recurrent infections. As such, it has been crucial to the success of vaccines. Yet, the recent pandemic has illuminated key gaps in our knowledge related to the factors influencing effective memory formation and the inability to predict the longevity of immune protection. In recent decades, researchers have acquired a number of novel and powerful tools with which to study the factors underpinning humoral memory. These tools have been used to study the B-cell fate decisions that occur within the germinal centre (GC), a site where responding B cells undergo affinity maturation and are one of the major routes for memory B cell and high-affinity long-lived plasma cell formation. The advent of single-cell sequencing technology has provided an enhanced resolution for studying fate decisions within the GC and cutting-edge techniques have enabled researchers to model this reaction with more accuracy both in vitro and in silico. Moreover, modern approaches to studying memory B cells have allowed us to gain a better appreciation for the heterogeneity and adaptability of this vital class of B cells. Together, these studies have facilitated important breakthroughs in our understanding of how these systems operate to ensure a successful immune response. In this review, we describe recent advances in the field of GC and memory B-cell biology in order to provide insight into how humoral memory is formed, as well as the potential for generating lasting immunity to novel pathogens such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Kealy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia,Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kim L Good-Jacobson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia,Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia,Correspondence address. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Ground floor reception, 23 Innovation Walk (Bldg 77), Clayton, Victoria 3800 Australia. Tel: (+613) 990-29510; E-mail: ; Twitter: @KimLJacobson
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24
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Salinas E, Boisvert M, Upadhyay AA, Bédard N, Nelson SA, Bruneau J, Derdeyn CA, Marcotrigiano J, Evans MJ, Bosinger SE, Shoukry NH, Grakoui A. Early T follicular helper cell activity accelerates hepatitis C virus-specific B cell expansion. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:140590. [PMID: 33463551 DOI: 10.1172/jci140590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Early appearance of neutralizing antibodies during acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with spontaneous viral clearance. However, the longitudinal changes in antigen-specific memory B cell (MBCs) associated with divergent HCV infection outcomes remain undefined. We characterized longitudinal changes in E2 glycoprotein-specific MBCs from subjects who either spontaneously resolved acute HCV infection or progressed to chronic infection, using single-cell RNA-seq and functional assays. HCV-specific antibodies in plasma from chronically infected subjects recognized multiple E2 genotypes, while those from spontaneous resolvers exhibited variable cross-reactivity to heterotypic E2. E2-specific MBCs from spontaneous resolvers peaked early after infection (4-6 months), following expansion of activated circulating T follicular helper cells (cTfh) expressing interleukin 21. In contrast, E2-specific MBCs from chronically infected subjects, enriched in VH1-69, expanded during persistent infection (> 1 year), in the absence of significantly activated cTfh expansion. Early E2-specific MBCs from spontaneous resolvers produced monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with fewer somatic hypermutations and lower E2 binding but similar neutralization as mAbs from late E2-specific MBCs of chronically infected subjects. These findings indicate that early cTfh activity accelerates expansion of E2-specific MBCs during acute infection, which might contribute to spontaneous clearance of HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Salinas
- Division of Infectious diseases, Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory Vaccine Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Maude Boisvert
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Amit A Upadhyay
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory Vaccine Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nathalie Bédard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sydney A Nelson
- Yerkes NHP Genomics Core Laboratory, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Julie Bruneau
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Département de Médecine Familiale et de Médecine D'Urgence, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Cynthia A Derdeyn
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory Vaccine Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Joseph Marcotrigiano
- Structural Virology Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew J Evans
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Steven E Bosinger
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory Vaccine Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Yerkes NHP Genomics Core Laboratory, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Naglaa H Shoukry
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Arash Grakoui
- Division of Infectious diseases, Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory Vaccine Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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25
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Cancro MP, Tomayko MM. Memory B cells and plasma cells: The differentiative continuum of humoral immunity. Immunol Rev 2021; 303:72-82. [PMID: 34396546 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Immunological memory is a composite of lasting antibody titers maintained by plasma cells in conjunction with memory T and B cells. Memory B cells are a critical reservoir for plasma cell generation in the secondary response. Identification of memory B cells requires that they be distinguished from naïve, activated, and germinal center precursors and from plasma cells. Memory B cells are heterogeneous in isotype usage, immunoglobulin mutational content, and phenotypic marker expression. Phenotypic subsets of memory B cells are defined by PD-L2, CD80, and CD73 expression in mice, by CD27 and FCRL4 expression in humans and by T-bet in both mice and humans. These subsets display marked functional heterogeneity, including the ability to rapidly differentiate into plasma cells versus seed germinal centers in the secondary response. Memory B cells are located in the spleen, blood, other lymphoid organs, and barrier tissues, and recent evidence indicates that some memory B cells may be dedicated tissue-resident populations. Open questions about memory B cell longevity, renewal and progenitor-successor relationships with plasma cells are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Cancro
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mary M Tomayko
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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26
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Verstappen GM, Pringle S, Bootsma H, Kroese FGM. Epithelial-immune cell interplay in primary Sjögren syndrome salivary gland pathogenesis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2021; 17:333-348. [PMID: 33911236 PMCID: PMC8081003 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-021-00605-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS), the function of the salivary glands is often considerably reduced. Multiple innate immune pathways are likely dysregulated in the salivary gland epithelium in pSS, including the nuclear factor-κB pathway, the inflammasome and interferon signalling. The ductal cells of the salivary gland in pSS are characteristically surrounded by a CD4+ T cell-rich and B cell-rich infiltrate, implying a degree of communication between epithelial cells and immune cells. B cell infiltrates within the ducts can initiate the development of lymphoepithelial lesions, including basal ductal cell hyperplasia. Vice versa, the epithelium provides chronic activation signals to the glandular B cell fraction. This continuous stimulation might ultimately drive the development of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. This Review discusses changes in the cells of the salivary gland epithelium in pSS (including acinar, ductal and progenitor cells), and the proposed interplay of these cells with environmental stimuli and the immune system. Current therapeutic options are insufficient to address both lymphocytic infiltration and salivary gland dysfunction. Successful rescue of salivary gland function in pSS will probably demand a multimodal therapeutic approach and an appreciation of the complicity of the salivary gland epithelium in the development of pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenny M Verstappen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Sarah Pringle
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Hendrika Bootsma
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
| | - Frans G M Kroese
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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27
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Tolnay M. Lymphocytes sense antibodies through human FCRL proteins: Emerging roles in mucosal immunity. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 111:477-487. [PMID: 33884658 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4ru0221-102rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the Fc receptor-like (FCRL) family modulate B and T cell responses, yet their functional roles remain enigmatic. Nevertheless, FCRL3 promoter polymorphism that alters gene expression has been associated with autoimmune disease risk, indicating physiologic importance. Providing essential functional context, human FCRL3, FCRL4, and FCRL5 have recently been identified as secretory IgA (SIgA), dimeric IgA, and IgG receptors, respectively, revealing novel ways lymphocytes can interact with antibodies. FCRL3 and FCRL4 are able to distinguish the mucosal and systemic origin of IgA-containing immune complexes, respectively, with clear implications in guiding mucosal responses. SIgA can signal mucosal breach through FCRL3, driving the functional plasticity of regulatory T cells toward inflammatory to help control invading pathogens. Conversely, recognition of dimeric IgA by FCRL4 on memory B cells located in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues could promote tolerance to commensals. Memory B cells that accumulate under conditions of chronic antigen presence frequently express FCRL4 and FCRL5, and antibody ligands could provide functional feedback to the cells. FCRL5 apparently recognizes the age of the IgG molecule, using deamidation as a molecular clock, conceivably playing regulatory roles in chronic antibody responses. A framework of FCRL3, FCRL4, and FCRL5 operating as sensors of antibodies in immune complexes is proposed. Sensing the spatial origin and age of immune complexes can shape lymphocyte functional attributes and inform their participation in mucosal immune responses. The potential contributions of FCRL3 and SIgA to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mate Tolnay
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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Maul RW, Catalina MD, Kumar V, Bachali P, Grammer AC, Wang S, Yang W, Hasni S, Ettinger R, Lipsky PE, Gearhart PJ. Transcriptome and IgH Repertoire Analyses Show That CD11c hi B Cells Are a Distinct Population With Similarity to B Cells Arising in Autoimmunity and Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:649458. [PMID: 33815408 PMCID: PMC8017342 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.649458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A distinct B cell population marked by elevated CD11c expression is found in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Cells with a similar phenotype have been described during chronic infection, but variable gating strategies and nomenclature have led to uncertainty of their relationship to each other. We isolated CD11chi cells from peripheral blood and characterized them using transcriptome and IgH repertoire analyses. Gene expression data revealed the CD11chi IgD+ and IgD- subsets were highly similar to each other, but distinct from naive, memory, and plasma cell subsets. Although CD11chi B cells were enriched in some germinal center (GC) transcripts and expressed numerous negative regulators of B cell receptor (BCR) activation, they were distinct from GC B cells. Gene expression patterns from SLE CD11chi B cells were shared with other human diseases, but not with mouse age-associated B cells. IgH V-gene sequencing analysis showed IgD+ and IgD- CD11chi B cells had somatic hypermutation and were clonally related to each other and to conventional memory and plasma cells. However, the IgH repertoires expressed by the different subsets suggested that defects in negative selection during GC transit could contribute to autoimmunity. The results portray a pervasive B cell population that accumulates during autoimmunity and chronic infection and is refractory to BCR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Maul
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Michelle D Catalina
- AMPEL BioSolutions LLC, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,RILITE Foundation, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Varsha Kumar
- Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Prathyusha Bachali
- AMPEL BioSolutions LLC, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,RILITE Foundation, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Amrie C Grammer
- AMPEL BioSolutions LLC, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,RILITE Foundation, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Shu Wang
- Viela Bio, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - William Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sarfaraz Hasni
- Lupus Clinical Research Program, Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | - Peter E Lipsky
- AMPEL BioSolutions LLC, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,RILITE Foundation, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Patricia J Gearhart
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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29
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Hassman LM, Paley MA, Esaulova E, Paley GL, Ruzycki PA, Linskey N, Laurent J, Feigl-Lenzen L, Springer L, Montana CL, Hong K, Enright J, James H, Artyomov MN, Yokoyama WM. Clinicomolecular Identification of Conserved and Individualized Features of Granulomatous Uveitis. OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE 2021; 1:100010. [PMID: 35937550 PMCID: PMC9352144 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2021.100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective To identify molecular features that distinguish individuals with shared clinical features of granulomatous uveitis. Design Cross-sectional, observational study. Participants Four eyes from patients with active granulomatous uveitis. Methods We performed single-cell RNA-sequencing with antigen-receptor sequence analysis to obtain an unbiased gene expression survey of ocular immune cells and identify clonally expanded lymphocytes. Main Outcomes Measures For each inflamed eye, we measured the proportion of distinct immune cell types, the amount of B or T cell clonal expansion, and the transcriptional profile of T and B cells. Results Each individual had robust clonal expansion arising from a single T or B cell lineage, suggesting distinct, antigen-driven pathogenic processes in each patient. This variability in clonal expansion was mirrored by individual variability in CD4 T cell populations, whereas ocular CD8 T cells and B cells were more transcriptionally similar between patients. Finally, ocular B cells displayed evidence of class-switching and plasmablast differentiation within the ocular microenvironment, providing additional support for antigen-driven immune responses in granulomatous uveitis. Conclusions Collectively, our study identified both conserved and individualized features of granulomatous uveitis, illuminating parallel pathophysiologic mechanisms, and suggesting that future personalized therapeutic approaches may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn M. Hassman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Michael A. Paley
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ekaterina Esaulova
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Grace L. Paley
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Philip A. Ruzycki
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Nicole Linskey
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jennifer Laurent
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Lacey Feigl-Lenzen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Luke Springer
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Cynthia L. Montana
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Karen Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jennifer Enright
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Hayley James
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Maxim N. Artyomov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Wayne M. Yokoyama
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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30
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In silico immune infiltration profiling combined with functional enrichment analysis reveals a potential role for naïve B cells as a trigger for severe immune responses in the lungs of COVID-19 patients. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242900. [PMID: 33264345 PMCID: PMC7710067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has rapidly spread to more than 160 countries worldwide since 2020. Despite tremendous efforts and resources spent worldwide trying to explore antiviral drugs, there is still no effective clinical treatment for COVID-19 to date. Approximately 15% of COVID-19 cases progress to pneumonia, and patients with severe pneumonia may die from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). It is believed that pulmonary fibrosis from SARS-CoV-2 infection further leads to ARDS, often resulting in irreversible impairment of lung function. If the mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 infection primarily causes an immune response or immune cell infiltration can be identified, it may be possible to mitigate excessive immune responses by modulating the infiltration and activation of specific targets, thereby reducing or preventing severe lung damage. However, the extent to which immune cell subsets are significantly altered in the lung tissues of COVID-19 patients remains to be elucidated. This study applied the CIBERSORT-X method to comprehensively evaluate the transcriptional estimated immune infiltration landscape in the lung tissues of COVID-19 patients and further compare it with the lung tissues of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We found a variety of immune cell subtypes in the COVID-19 group, especially naïve B cells were highly infiltrated. Comparison of functional transcriptomic analyses revealed that non-differentiated naïve B cells may be the main cause of the over-active humoral immune response. Using several publicly available single-cell RNA sequencing data to validate the genetic differences in B-cell populations, it was found that the B-cells collected from COVID-19 patients were inclined towards naïve B-cells, whereas those collected from IPF patients were inclined towards memory B-cells. Further differentiation of B cells between COVID-19 mild and severe patients showed that B cells from severe patients tended to be antibody-secreting cells, and gene expression showed that B cells from severe patients were similar to DN2 B cells that trigger extrafollicular response. Moreover, a higher percentage of B-cell infiltration seems associated with poorer clinical outcome. Finally, a comparison of several specific COVID-19 cases treated with targeted B-cell therapy suggests that appropriate suppression of naïve B cells might potentially be a novel strategy to alleviate the severe symptoms of COVID-19.
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31
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Pathogenetic Mechanisms Implicated in Sjögren's Syndrome Lymphomagenesis: A Review of the Literature. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9123794. [PMID: 33255258 PMCID: PMC7759999 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9123794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's Syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by focal mononuclear cell infiltrates that surround the ducts of the exocrine glands, impairing the function of their secretory units. Compared to other autoimmune disorders, SS is associated with a notably high incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and more frequently mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, leading to increased morbidity and mortality rates. High risk features of lymphoma development include systemic extraepithelial manifestations, low serum levels of complement component C4 and mixed type II cryoglobulinemia. The discrimination between reactive and neoplastic lymphoepithelial lesion (LEL) is challenging, probably reflecting a continuum in the evolution from purely inflammatory lymphoid infiltration to the clonal neoplastic evolution. Early lesions display a predominance of activated T cells, while B cells prevail in severe histologic lesions. This strong B cell infiltration is not only a morphologic phenomenon, but it is also progressively associated with the presence of ectopic germinal centers (GCs). Ectopic formation of GCs in SS represents a complex process regulated by an array of cytokines, adhesion molecules and chemokines. Chronic antigenic stimulation is the major driver of specific B cell proliferation and increases the frequency of their transformation in the ectopic GCs and marginal zone (MZ) equivalents. B cells expressing cell surface rheumatoid factor (RF) are frequently detected in the salivary glands, suggesting that clonal expansion might arise from antigen selection of RF-expressing B cells. Abnormal stimulation and incomplete control mechanisms within ectopic lymphoid structures predispose RF MZ like cells to lymphoma development. Immunoglobulin recombination, somatic mutation and isotype switching during B cell development are events that may increase the translocation of oncogenes to immunoglobulin loci or tumor suppressor gene inactivation, leading to monoclonal B cell proliferation and lymphoma development. Concerning chronic antigenic stimulation, conclusive data is so far lacking. However immune complexes containing DNA or RNA are the most likely candidates. Whether additional molecular oncogenic events contribute to the malignant overgrowth remains to be proved.
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32
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Nagy-Baló Z, Kiss R, Menge A, Bödör C, Bajtay Z, Erdei A. Activated Human Memory B Lymphocytes Use CR4 (CD11c/CD18) for Adhesion, Migration, and Proliferation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:565458. [PMID: 33133077 PMCID: PMC7550640 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.565458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Complement receptors CR3 (CD11b/CD18) and CR4 (CD11c/CD18) of myeloid cells are known for long to participate in actin linked functions like phagocytosis, adhesion, and migration. The expression and role of these two β2-integrins however, in human B lymphocytes have only scarcely been studied so far, although it has been shown recently that CD11c+ B cells are mainly memory cells. In our systematic study we investigated B cells isolated from tonsils and peripheral blood of healthy donors. We found, that while only 5% of resting tonsillar B cells expressed CD11c, their number increased up to 26% after 3 days of BCR stimulation. Lower, but still remarkable percentage of B lymphocytes were positive for CD11c after stimulation via TLR9 alone or via TLR9 and BCR simultaneously. At the same time, we detected no significant expression of CD11b on resting or activated tonsillar B cells. Blood B lymphocytes showed a similar expression pattern of both β2-integrins. We demonstrated that CD11c molecules appearing on the surface of B cells are newly synthesized, reaching the number of 9,500 per activated B cell. We found that CR4 expressing B cells belong to the memory pool and the increase of CD11c expression on tonsillar B cells upon BCR mediated activation occurs parallel with class switching. Analysis of the function of CD11c revealed, that this β2-integrin contributes to the adhesion and migration of activated B lymphocytes. We also demonstrated that the CR4 mediated adhesion promotes the proliferation of the BCR activated cells. Our studies are the first to demonstrate that CD11c expressed on BCR-activated human B cells are not only passive markers but functional drivers of memory B cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsa Nagy-Baló
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Richárd Kiss
- MTA-SE Momentum Molecular Oncohematology Research Group, First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alina Menge
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Bödör
- MTA-SE Momentum Molecular Oncohematology Research Group, First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Bajtay
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Erdei
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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33
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Li H, Dement-Brown J, Liao PJ, Mazo I, Mills F, Kraus Z, Fitzsimmons S, Tolnay M. Fc receptor-like 4 and 5 define human atypical memory B cells. Int Immunol 2020; 32:755-770. [DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxaa053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Atypical memory B cells accumulate in chronic infections and autoimmune conditions, and commonly express FCRL4 and FCRL5, respective IgA and IgG receptors. We characterized memory cells from tonsils on the basis of both FCRL4 and FCRL5 expression, defining three subsets with distinct surface proteins and gene expression. Atypical FCRL4+FCRL5+ memory cells had the most discrete surface protein expression and were enriched in cell adhesion pathways, consistent with functioning as tissue-resident cells. Atypical FCRL4−FCRL5+ memory cells expressed transcription factors and immunoglobulin genes that suggest poised differentiation into plasma cells. Accordingly, the FCRL4−FCRL5+ memory subset was enriched in pathways responding to endoplasmic reticulum stress and IFN-γ. We reconstructed ongoing B-cell responses as lineage trees, providing crucial in vivo developmental context. Each memory subset typically maintained its lineage, denoting mechanisms enforcing their phenotypes. Classical FCRL4−FCRL5− memory cells were infrequently detected in lineage trees, suggesting the majority were in a quiescent state. FCRL4−FCRL5+ cells were the most represented memory subset in lineage trees, indicating robust participation in ongoing responses. Together, these differences suggest FCRL4 and FCRL5 are unlikely to be passive markers but rather active drivers of human memory B-cell development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Li
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Jessica Dement-Brown
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Pei-Jyun Liao
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Ilya Mazo
- Office of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Argentys Informatics LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Frederick Mills
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Zachary Kraus
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Sean Fitzsimmons
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Mate Tolnay
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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34
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Nejatbakhsh Samimi L, Farhadi E, Tahmasebi MN, Jamshidi A, Sharafat Vaziri A, Mahmoudi M. NF-κB signaling in rheumatoid arthritis with focus on fibroblast-like synoviocytes. AUTOIMMUNITY HIGHLIGHTS 2020. [PMCID: PMC7414649 DOI: 10.1186/s13317-020-00135-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway regulates multiple processes in innate and adaptive immune cells. This pathway is involved in inflammation through the regulation of cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules expression. The NF-κB transcription factor also participates in the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of cells. Therefore, deregulated NF-κB activation contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is classified as a heterogeneous and complex autoimmune inflammatory disease. Although different immune and non-immune cells contribute to the RA pathogenesis, fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) play a crucial role in disease progression. These cells are altered during the disease and produce inflammatory mediators, including inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases, which result in joint and cartilage erosion. Among different cell signaling pathways, it seems that deregulated NF-κB activation is associated with the inflammatory picture of RA. NF-κB activation can also promote the proliferation of RA-FLSs as well as the inhibition of FLS apoptosis that results in hyperplasia in RA synovium. In this review, the role of NF-κB transcription factor in immune and non-immune cells (especially FLSs) that are involved in RA pathogenesis are discussed.
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35
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Single-cell transcriptomics reveals regulators underlying immune cell diversity and immune subtypes associated with prognosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cell Res 2020; 30:1024-1042. [PMID: 32686767 PMCID: PMC7784929 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-0374-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an aggressive malignancy with extremely skewed ethnic and geographic distributions. Increasing evidence indicates that targeting the tumor microenvironment (TME) represents a promising therapeutic approach in NPC, highlighting an urgent need to deepen the understanding of the complex NPC TME. Here, we generated single-cell transcriptome profiles for 7581 malignant cells and 40,285 immune cells from fifteen primary NPC tumors and one normal sample. We revealed malignant signatures capturing intratumoral transcriptional heterogeneity and predicting aggressiveness of malignant cells. Diverse immune cell subtypes were identified, including novel subtypes such as CLEC9A+ dendritic cells (DCs). We further revealed transcriptional regulators underlying immune cell diversity, and cell–cell interaction analyses highlighted promising immunotherapeutic targets in NPC. Moreover, we established the immune subtype-specific signatures, and demonstrated that the signatures of macrophages, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), CLEC9A+ DCs, natural killer (NK) cells, and plasma cells were significantly associated with improved survival outcomes in NPC. Taken together, our findings represent a unique resource providing in-depth insights into the cellular heterogeneity of NPC TME and highlight potential biomarkers for anticancer treatment and risk stratification, laying a new foundation for precision therapies in NPC.
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36
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Visser A, Verstappen GM, van der Vegt B, Vissink A, Bende RJ, Bootsma H, Bos NA, Kroese FGM. Repertoire Analysis of B-Cells Located in Striated Ducts of Salivary Glands of Patients With Sjögren's Syndrome. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1486. [PMID: 32760405 PMCID: PMC7372116 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A major complication of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is development of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) B-cell lymphoma, particularly in salivary glands. These lymphomas express FcRL4 and are characteristically associated with lymphoepithelial lesions. Neoplastic B-cells may be derived from non-neoplastic glandular intraductal B-cells, also virtually all expressing FcRL4. A characteristic feature of MALT lymphomas is the production of rheumatoid factors (RFs), which are largely encoded by stereotypic immunoglobulin variable heavy chain (IGHV) sequences. The aim of this study was to examine whether there is a relationship between the intraductal and periductal B-cells and whether the intraductal B-cells are selected for RF. RNA was extracted from laser-microdissected infiltrated ductal areas and periductal infiltrates from frozen parotid gland tissue sections of 5 pSS patients. PCR amplified IGHV transcripts were cloned into pCR™4-TOPO vector and subsequently sequenced. Microdissected ducts yielded 96 unique IGHV sequences derived from intraductal B-cells, while 119 unique IGHV sequences were obtained from periductal infiltrates. No major difference in VH-gene usage was observed between intraductal and periductal B-cells. Nearly all (>90%) IGHV sequences derived from both intraductal and periductal B-cells were mutated. Clonal expansions as defined by shared VDJ rearrangements were also present among both intraductal and periductal B-cells: in total 32 clones were found, from which 12 were located within ducts, 15 in periductal areas, and five clones shared members in both areas. We observed 12 IGHV rearrangements encoding for RF sequences from which two were derived from intraductal B-cells and 10 from periductal B-cells. Nine RF sequences were part of a clone. Together these findings indicate that intraductal and periductal B-cells are closely related to each other. Intraductal B-cells are most likely derived from periductal B-cells. We did not obtain evidence that RF-specific B-cells are enriched within the striated ducts. We speculate that in principle any activated B-cell can enter the striated ducts from the periductal infiltrate, irrespective of its antigenic specificity. Within the ducts, these B-cells may receive additional activation and proliferation signals, to further expand at these sites and by acquisition of driver-mutations develop toward lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Visser
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Gwenny M Verstappen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Bert van der Vegt
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Arjan Vissink
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Richard J Bende
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hendrika Bootsma
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas A Bos
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Frans G M Kroese
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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37
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Liu Y, Goroshko S, Leung LYT, Dong S, Khan S, Campisi P, Propst EJ, Wolter NE, Grunebaum E, Ehrhardt GRA. FCRL4 Is an Fc Receptor for Systemic IgA, but Not Mucosal Secretory IgA. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:533-538. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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38
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Wu CY, Yang HY, Lai JH. Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibodies in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Biological Effects and Mechanisms of Immunopathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114015. [PMID: 32512739 PMCID: PMC7312469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with high anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) titers have an increased risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although our knowledge of the generation and production of ACPAs has continuously advanced during the past decade, our understanding on the pathogenic mechanisms of how ACPAs interact with immune cells to trigger articular inflammation is relatively limited. Citrullination disorders drive the generation and maintenance of ACPAs, with profound clinical significance in patients with RA. The loss of tolerance to citrullinated proteins, however, is essential for ACPAs to exert their pathogenicity. N-linked glycosylation, cross-reactivity and the structural interactions of ACPAs with their citrullinated antigens further direct their biological functions. Although questions remain in the pathogenicity of ACPAs acting as agonists for a receptor-mediated response, immune complex (IC) formation, complement system activation, crystallizable fragment gamma receptor (FcγR) activation, cross-reactivity to joint cartilage and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET)-related mechanisms have all been suggested recently. This paper presents a critical review of the characteristics and possible biological effects and mechanisms of the immunopathogenesis of ACPAs in patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yi Wu
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Huang-Yu Yang
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Jenn-Haung Lai
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-8791-8382; Fax: +886-2-8791-8382
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Cooper L, Good-Jacobson KL. Dysregulation of humoral immunity in chronic infection. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 98:456-466. [PMID: 32275789 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic viral infections disrupt the ability of the humoral immune response to produce neutralizing antibody or form effective immune memory, preventing viral clearance and making vaccine design difficult. Multiple components of the B-cell response are affected by pathogens that are not cleared from the host. Changes in the microenvironment shift production of B cells to short-lived plasma cells early in the response. Polyclonal B cells are recruited into both the plasma cell and germinal center compartments, inhibiting the formation of a targeted, high-affinity response. Finally, memory B cells shift toward an "atypical" phenotype, which may in turn result in changes to the functional properties of this population. While similar properties of B-cell dysregulation have been described across different types of persistent infections, key questions about the underlying mechanisms remain. This review will discuss the recent advances in this field, as well as highlight the critical questions about the interplay between viral load, microenvironment, the polyclonal response and atypical memory B cells that are yet to be answered. Design of new preventative treatments will rely on identifying the extrinsic and intrinsic modulators that push B cells toward an ineffective response, and thus identify new ways to guide them back onto the best path for clearance of virus and formation of effective immune memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Cooper
- Infection and Immunity Program, The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Kim L Good-Jacobson
- Infection and Immunity Program, The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
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40
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Verstappen GM, Ice JA, Bootsma H, Pringle S, Haacke EA, de Lange K, van der Vries GB, Hickey P, Vissink A, Spijkervet FKL, Lessard CJ, Kroese FGM. Gene expression profiling of epithelium-associated FcRL4 + B cells in primary Sjögren's syndrome reveals a pathogenic signature. J Autoimmun 2020; 109:102439. [PMID: 32201227 PMCID: PMC7337041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
In primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS), FcRL4+ B cells are present in inflamed salivary gland tissue, within or in close proximity to ductal epithelium. FcRL4 is also expressed by nearly all pSS-related mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) B cell lymphomas, linking FcRL4 expression to lymphomagenesis. Whether glandular FcRL4+ B cells are pathogenic, how these cells originate, and how they functionally differ from FcRL4- B cells in pSS is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the phenotype and function of FcRL4+ B cells in the periphery and parotid gland tissue of patients with pSS. First, circulating FcRL4+ B cells from 44 pSS and 54 non-SS-sicca patients were analyzed by flow cytometry. Additionally, RNA sequencing of FcRL4+ B cells sorted from parotid gland cell suspensions of 6 pSS patients was performed. B cells were sorted from cell suspensions as mini bulk (5 cells/well) based on the following definitions: CD19+CD27-FcRL4- ('naive'), CD19+CD27+FcRL4- ('memory'), and CD19+FcRL4+ B cells. We found that, although FcRL4+ B cells were not enriched in blood in pSS compared with non-SS sicca patients, these cells generally exhibited a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Genes coding for CD11c (ITGAX), T-bet (TBX21), TACI (TNFRSF13B), Src tyrosine kinases and NF-κB pathway-related genes were, among others, significantly upregulated in glandular FcRL4+ B cells versus FcRL4- B cells. Pathway analysis showed upregulation of B cell activation, cell cycle and metabolic pathways. Thus, FcRL4+ B cells in pSS exhibit many characteristics of chronically activated, pro-inflammatory B cells and their gene expression profile suggests increased risk of lymphomagenesis. We postulate that these cells contribute significantly to the epithelial damage seen in the glandular tissue and that FcRL4+ B cells are an important treatment target in pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenny M Verstappen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - John A Ice
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Hendrika Bootsma
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sarah Pringle
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Erlin A Haacke
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kim de Lange
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gerben B van der Vries
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Genomics Coordination Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Hickey
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Arjan Vissink
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Frederik K L Spijkervet
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Christopher J Lessard
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Frans G M Kroese
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
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41
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Eccles JD, Turner RB, Kirk NA, Muehling LM, Borish L, Steinke JW, Payne SC, Wright PW, Thacker D, Lahtinen SJ, Lehtinen MJ, Heymann PW, Woodfolk JA. T-bet+ Memory B Cells Link to Local Cross-Reactive IgG upon Human Rhinovirus Infection. Cell Rep 2020; 30:351-366.e7. [PMID: 31940481 PMCID: PMC6994188 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human rhinoviruses cause the common cold and exacerbate chronic respiratory diseases. Although infection elicits neutralizing antibodies, these do not persist or cross-protect across multiple rhinovirus strains. To analyze rhinovirus-specific B cell responses in humans, we developed techniques using intact RV-A16 and RV-A39 for high-throughput high-dimensional single-cell analysis, with parallel assessment of antibody isotypes in an experimental infection model. Our approach identified T-bet+ B cells binding both viruses that account for ∼5% of CXCR5- memory B cells. These B cells infiltrate nasal tissue and expand in the blood after infection. Their rapid secretion of heterotypic immunoglobulin G (IgG) in vitro, but not IgA, matches the nasal antibody profile post-infection. By contrast, CXCR5+ memory B cells binding a single virus are clonally distinct, absent in nasal tissue, and secrete homotypic IgG and IgA, mirroring the systemic response. Temporal and spatial functions of dichotomous memory B cells might explain the ability to resolve infection while rendering the host susceptible to re-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D Eccles
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Ronald B Turner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Nicole A Kirk
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Lyndsey M Muehling
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Larry Borish
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - John W Steinke
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Spencer C Payne
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Paul W Wright
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Deborah Thacker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Sampo J Lahtinen
- DuPont Nutrition & Biosciences, Global Health and Nutrition Science, Sokeritehtaantie 20, 02460 Kantvik, Finland
| | - Markus J Lehtinen
- DuPont Nutrition & Biosciences, Global Health and Nutrition Science, Sokeritehtaantie 20, 02460 Kantvik, Finland
| | - Peter W Heymann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Judith A Woodfolk
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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42
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van Delft MAM, Huizinga TWJ. An overview of autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis. J Autoimmun 2020; 110:102392. [PMID: 31911013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.102392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic auto-immune disease principally effecting synovial joints. RA is characterized by immune cell infiltration in the joint. The presence of autoantibodies is a hallmark for the disease, among these are rheumatoid factor and antibodies against post-translational modified proteins like citrullination (ACPA) and carbamylation (anti-CarP antibodies). These autoantibodies may form immune complexes in the joint, leading to the attraction of immune cells. Based on the presence of these autoantibodies, RA patients can be subdivided in autoantibody positive and negative disease. Both subsets can be associated with genetic and environmental risk factors for RA, like the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allele and smoking. Autoantibodies can already be detected years before disease onset in a subgroup of patients and at symptom onset a broad isotype spectrum is observed. This suggests that various events occur prior to the development of RA in which the first autoantibodies develop in predisposed individuals. Therefore, the presence of these autoantibodies can be useful in predicting future RA patients. Research on the characteristics and effector function of these autoantibodies is ongoing and will give more knowledge in the inflammatory responses underlying RA. This will give insight in the pathogenic role of autoantibodies in RA. Recent data are suggestive of a role for mucosal surfaces in the development of auto-immune responses associated with (the development of) RA. In conclusion, investigating the potential pathogenic effector functions of autoantibody isotypes and their molecular- and physicochemical-compositions might improve understanding of the disease origin and its underlying immunological processes. This may lead to the development of new therapeutic targets and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrthe A M van Delft
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Tom W J Huizinga
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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43
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Austin JW, Buckner CM, Kardava L, Wang W, Zhang X, Melson VA, Swanson RG, Martins AJ, Zhou JQ, Hoehn KB, Fisk JN, Dimopoulos Y, Chassiakos A, O'Dell S, Smelkinson MG, Seamon CA, Kwan RW, Sneller MC, Pittaluga S, Doria-Rose NA, McDermott A, Li Y, Chun TW, Kleinstein SH, Tsang JS, Petrovas C, Moir S. Overexpression of T-bet in HIV infection is associated with accumulation of B cells outside germinal centers and poor affinity maturation. Sci Transl Med 2019; 11:eaax0904. [PMID: 31776286 PMCID: PMC7479651 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aax0904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nearly all chronic human infections are associated with alterations in the memory B cell (MBC) compartment, including a large expansion of CD19hiT-bethi MBC in the peripheral blood of HIV-infected individuals with chronic viremia. Despite their prevalence, it is unclear how these B cells arise and whether they contribute to the inefficiency of antibody-mediated immunity in chronic infectious diseases. We addressed these questions by characterizing T-bet-expressing B cells in lymph nodes (LN) and identifying a strong T-bet signature among HIV-specific MBC associated with poor immunologic outcome. Confocal microscopy and quantitative imaging revealed that T-bethi B cells in LN of HIV-infected chronically viremic individuals distinctly accumulated outside germinal centers (GC), which are critical for optimal antibody responses. In single-cell analyses, LN T-bethi B cells of HIV-infected individuals were almost exclusively found among CD19hi MBC and expressed reduced GC-homing receptors. Furthermore, HIV-specific B cells of infected individuals were enriched among LN CD19hiT-bethi MBC and displayed a distinct transcriptome, with features similar to CD19hiT-bethi MBC in blood and LN GC B cells (GCBC). LN CD19hiT-bethi MBC were also related to GCBC by B cell receptor (BCR)-based phylogenetic linkage but had lower BCR mutation frequencies and reduced HIV-neutralizing capacity, consistent with diminished participation in GC-mediated affinity selection. Thus, in the setting of chronic immune activation associated with HIV viremia, failure of HIV-specific B cells to enter or remain in GC may help explain the rarity of high-affinity protective antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Austin
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Clarisa M Buckner
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lela Kardava
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xiaozhen Zhang
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Valerie A Melson
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ryan G Swanson
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrew J Martins
- Multiscale Systems Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Julian Q Zhou
- Interdepartmental Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Kenneth B Hoehn
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - J Nicholas Fisk
- Interdepartmental Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Yiannis Dimopoulos
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alexander Chassiakos
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sijy O'Dell
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Margery G Smelkinson
- Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Catherine A Seamon
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard W Kwan
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael C Sneller
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stefania Pittaluga
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicole A Doria-Rose
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adrian McDermott
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yuxing Li
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Tae-Wook Chun
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Steven H Kleinstein
- Interdepartmental Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - John S Tsang
- Multiscale Systems Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- NIH Center for Human Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Constantinos Petrovas
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Susan Moir
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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44
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Holla P, Ambegaonkar A, Sohn H, Pierce SK. Exhaustion may not be in the human B cell vocabulary, at least not in malaria. Immunol Rev 2019; 292:139-148. [PMID: 31553065 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
T cells exposed to persistent antigen in the inflammatory environment of chronic infections often show progressive loss of effector functions, high expression of inhibitory receptors and distinct transcriptional programs. T cells in this functional state are termed "exhausted" and T cell exhaustion is associated with inefficient control of infections. A remarkably similar scenario has been described for B cells during chronic infections in humans, including malaria, in which case a subpopulation of atypical memory B cells (MBCs) greatly expands and these MBCs show attenuation of B cell receptor signaling, loss of the B cell effector functions of antibody and cytokine production, high expression of inhibitory receptors and distinct transcriptional profiles. The expansion of these MBCs is also associated with inefficient control of infections. Despite the similarities with exhausted T cells we speculate that at least in malaria, atypical MBCs may not be exhausted but rather may be functional, possibly even beneficial. Our recent results suggest that we simply may not have known how to ask an atypical MBC to function. Thus, exhaustion may not be in the human B cell's vocabulary, at least not in malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasida Holla
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Abhijit Ambegaonkar
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Haewon Sohn
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Susan K Pierce
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
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45
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Palm AKE, Henry C. Remembrance of Things Past: Long-Term B Cell Memory After Infection and Vaccination. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1787. [PMID: 31417562 PMCID: PMC6685390 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The success of vaccines is dependent on the generation and maintenance of immunological memory. The immune system can remember previously encountered pathogens, and memory B and T cells are critical in secondary responses to infection. Studies in mice have helped to understand how different memory B cell populations are generated following antigen exposure and how affinity for the antigen is determinant to B cell fate. Additionally, such studies were fundamental in defining memory B cell niches and how B cells respond following subsequent exposure with the same antigen. On the other hand, human studies are essential to the development of better, newer vaccines but sometimes limited by the difficulty to access primary and secondary lymphoid organs. However, work using human influenza and HIV virus infection and/or immunization in particular has significantly advanced today's understanding of memory B cells. This review will focus on the generation, function, and longevity of B-cell mediated immunological memory (memory B cells and plasma cells) in response to infection and vaccination both in mice and in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Karin E Palm
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Carole Henry
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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46
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Andrews SF, Chambers MJ, Schramm CA, Plyler J, Raab JE, Kanekiyo M, Gillespie RA, Ransier A, Darko S, Hu J, Chen X, Yassine HM, Boyington JC, Crank MC, Chen GL, Coates E, Mascola JR, Douek DC, Graham BS, Ledgerwood JE, McDermott AB. Activation Dynamics and Immunoglobulin Evolution of Pre-existing and Newly Generated Human Memory B cell Responses to Influenza Hemagglutinin. Immunity 2019; 51:398-410.e5. [PMID: 31350180 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Vaccine-induced memory B cell responses to evolving viruses like influenza A involve activation of pre-existing immunity and generation of new responses. To define the contribution of these two types of responses, we analyzed the response to H7N9 vaccination in H7N9-naive adults. We performed comprehensive comparisons at the single-cell level of the kinetics, Ig repertoire, and activation phenotype of established pre-existing memory B cells recognizing conserved epitopes and the newly generated memory B cells directed toward H7 strain-specific epitopes. The recall response to conserved epitopes on H7 HA involved a transient expansion of memory B cells with little observed adaptation. However, the B cell response to newly encountered epitopes was phenotypically distinct and generated a sustained memory population that evolved and affinity matured months after vaccination. These findings establish clear differences between newly generated and pre-existing memory B cells, highlighting the challenges in achieving long-lasting, broad protection against an ever-evolving virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah F Andrews
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20902, USA.
| | - Michael J Chambers
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20902, USA
| | - Chaim A Schramm
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20902, USA
| | - Jason Plyler
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20902, USA
| | - Julie E Raab
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20902, USA
| | - Masaru Kanekiyo
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20902, USA
| | - Rebecca A Gillespie
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20902, USA
| | - Amy Ransier
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20902, USA
| | - Sam Darko
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20902, USA
| | - Jianfei Hu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20902, USA
| | - Xuejun Chen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20902, USA
| | - Hadi M Yassine
- Qatar University Biomedical Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jeffrey C Boyington
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20902, USA
| | - Michelle C Crank
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20902, USA
| | - Grace L Chen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20902, USA
| | - Emily Coates
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20902, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20902, USA
| | - Daniel C Douek
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20902, USA
| | - Barney S Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20902, USA
| | - Julie E Ledgerwood
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20902, USA
| | - Adrian B McDermott
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20902, USA.
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47
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RUNX family: Oncogenes or tumor suppressors (Review). Oncol Rep 2019; 42:3-19. [PMID: 31059069 PMCID: PMC6549079 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Runt-related transcription factor (RUNX) proteins belong to a transcription factors family known as master regulators of important embryonic developmental programs. In the last decade, the whole family has been implicated in the regulation of different oncogenic processes and signaling pathways associated with cancer. Furthermore, a suppressor tumor function has been also reported, suggesting the RUNX family serves key role in all different types of cancer. In this review, the known biological characteristics, specific regulatory abilities and experimental evidence of RUNX proteins will be analyzed to demonstrate their oncogenic potential and tumor suppressor abilities during oncogenic processes, suggesting their importance as biomarkers of cancer. Additionally, the importance of continuing with the molecular studies of RUNX proteins' and its dual functions in cancer will be underlined in order to apply it in the future development of specific diagnostic methods and therapies against different types of cancer.
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48
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Sundling C, Rönnberg C, Yman V, Asghar M, Jahnmatz P, Lakshmikanth T, Chen Y, Mikes J, Forsell MN, Sondén K, Achour A, Brodin P, Persson KE, Färnert A. B cell profiling in malaria reveals expansion and remodelling of CD11c+ B cell subsets. JCI Insight 2019; 5:126492. [PMID: 30939125 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.126492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Humoral immunity is important in limiting clinical disease in malaria, yet the longitudinal B cell response to infection remains unclear. We performed a 1-year prospective study in patients treated for acute P. falciparum malaria for the first time, or with previous exposure to the disease. Using an unbiased exploratory approach with mass cytometry, followed by targeted flow cytometry, we found that ~80% of mature B cells that proliferated in response to acute infection expressed CD11c. Only ~40% of CD11c+ B cells displayed an atypical B cell phenotype, with the remaining cells primarily made up of activated- and resting memory B cells. The CD11c+ B cells expanded rapidly following infection, with previous exposure to malaria resulting in a significantly larger increase compared to individuals with primary infection. This was attributed to an expansion of switched CD11c+ B cells that was absent in primary infected individuals. The rate of contraction of the CD11c+ B cell compartment was independent of previous exposure to malaria and displayed a slow decay with a half-life of ~300 days. Collectively, these results identify CD11c as a marker of B cells responding to malaria and further highlight differences in primary- and secondary B cell responses during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Sundling
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Rönnberg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Victor Yman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Muhammad Asghar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Jahnmatz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Mabtech AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tadepally Lakshmikanth
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Yang Chen
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jaromir Mikes
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Mattias N Forsell
- Division of Infection & Immunology, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Klara Sondén
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adnane Achour
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petter Brodin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.,Department of Newborn Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Kristina Em Persson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Färnert
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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49
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Jenks SA, Cashman KS, Woodruff MC, Lee FEH, Sanz I. Extrafollicular responses in humans and SLE. Immunol Rev 2019; 288:136-148. [PMID: 30874345 PMCID: PMC6422038 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic autoimmune diseases, and in particular Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), are endowed with a long-standing autoreactive B-cell compartment that is presumed to reactivate periodically leading to the generation of new bursts of pathogenic antibody-secreting cells (ASC). Moreover, pathogenic autoantibodies are typically characterized by a high load of somatic hypermutation and in some cases are highly stable even in the context of prolonged B-cell depletion. Long-lived, highly mutated antibodies are typically generated through T-cell-dependent germinal center (GC) reactions. Accordingly, an important role for GC reactions in the generation of pathogenic autoreactivity has been postulated in SLE. Nevertheless, pathogenic autoantibodies and autoimmune disease can be generated through B-cell extrafollicular (EF) reactions in multiple mouse models and human SLE flares are characterized by the expansion of naive-derived activated effector B cells of extrafollicular phenotype. In this review, we will discuss the properties of the EF B-cell pathway, its relationship to other effector B-cell populations, its role in autoimmune diseases, and its contribution to human SLE. Furthermore, we discuss the relationship of EF B cells with Age-Associated B cells (ABCs), a TLR-7-driven B-cell population that mediates murine autoimmune and antiviral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A. Jenks
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kevin S. Cashman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Matthew C. Woodruff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - F. Eun-Hyung Lee
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ignacio Sanz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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50
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Strittmatter-Keller U, Walter C, Rauld C, Egli N, Regairaz C, Rabe S, Zenke G, Carballido J, Schweighoffer T. Fingerprints of CD8+ T cells on human pre-plasma and memory B cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208187. [PMID: 30540814 PMCID: PMC6291140 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of B cells is a stringently controlled multi-step process, which is still incompletely understood. Here we identify and characterize a rare population of human B cells, which surprisingly carry CD8AB on their surface. Existence of such cells was demonstrated both in tonsils and in human apheresis material. Gene expression profiling and real time PCR detected however no CD8A or CD8B message in these cells. Instead, we found that surface CD8 was hijacked from activated CD8+ T cells by a transfer process that required direct cell-to-cell contact. A focused transcriptome analysis at single cell level allowed the dissection of the CD8 positive B cell population. We found that the affected cells are characteristically of the CD27+CD200- phenotype, and consist of two discrete late-stage subpopulations that carry signatures of activated memory B like cells, and early plasmablasts. Thus, there is only a restricted time window in the differentiation process during which B cells can intimately interact with CD8+ T cells. The findings point to a novel link between the T and B arms of the adaptive immune system, and suggest that CD8+ T cells have the capability to directly shape the global antibody repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Walter
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (NIBR), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Celine Rauld
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (NIBR), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Egli
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (NIBR), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Camille Regairaz
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (NIBR), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Rabe
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (NIBR), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Zenke
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (NIBR), Basel, Switzerland
| | - José Carballido
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (NIBR), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tamás Schweighoffer
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (NIBR), Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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