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Rau CN, Severin ME, Lee PW, Deffenbaugh JL, Liu Y, Murphy SP, Petersen-Cherubini CL, Lovett-Racke AE. MicroRNAs targeting TGF-β signaling exacerbate central nervous system autoimmunity by disrupting regulatory T cell development and function. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350548. [PMID: 38634287 PMCID: PMC11156541 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling is essential for a balanced immune response by mediating the development and function of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and suppressing autoreactive T cells. Disruption of this balance can result in autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) targeting TGF-β signaling have been shown to be upregulated in naïve CD4 T cells in MS patients, resulting in a limited in vitro generation of human Tregs. Utilizing the murine model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, we show that perinatal administration of miRNAs, which target the TGF-β signaling pathway, enhanced susceptibility to central nervous system (CNS) autoimmunity. Neonatal mice administered with these miRNAs further exhibited reduced Treg frequencies with a loss in T cell receptor repertoire diversity following the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in adulthood. Exacerbated CNS autoimmunity as a result of miRNA overexpression in CD4 T cells was accompanied by enhanced Th1 and Th17 cell frequencies. These findings demonstrate that increased levels of TGF-β-associated miRNAs impede the development of a diverse Treg population, leading to enhanced effector cell activity, and contributing to an increased susceptibility to CNS autoimmunity. Thus, TGF-β-targeting miRNAs could be a risk factor for MS, and recovering optimal TGF-β signaling may restore immune homeostasis in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina N Rau
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Mary E Severin
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Priscilla W Lee
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Joshua L Deffenbaugh
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Shawn P Murphy
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Cora L Petersen-Cherubini
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Amy E Lovett-Racke
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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2
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Sonar SA, Meitei HT, Karmakar S, Mishra A, Inamdar S, Lenka N, Lal G. Th17 cell promotes apoptosis of IL-23R + neurons in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Clin Immunol 2024; 259:109898. [PMID: 38185267 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.109898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Myelin antigen-reactive Th1 and Th17 cells are critical drivers of central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune inflammation. Transcription factors T-bet and RORγt play a crucial role in the differentiation and function of Th1 and Th17 cells, and impart them a pathogenic role in CNS autoimmune inflammation. Mice deficient in these two factors do not develop experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). While T-bet and RORγt are known to regulate the expression of several cell adhesion and migratory molecules in T cells, their role in supporting Th1 and Th17 trafficking to the CNS is not completely understood. More importantly, once Th1 and Th17 cells reach the CNS, how the function of these transcription factors modulates the local inflammatory response during EAE is unclear. In the present study, we showed that myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55 peptide (MOG35-55)-specific Th1 cells deficient in RORγt could cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) but failed to induce demyelination, apoptosis of neurons, and EAE. Pathogenic Th17 cell-derived cytokines GM-CSF, TNF-α, IL-17A, and IL-21 significantly increased the surface expression of IL-23R on neuronal cells. Furthermore, we showed that, in EAE, neurons in the brain and spinal cord express IL-23R. IL-23-IL-23R signaling in neuronal cells caused phosphorylation of STAT3 (Ser727 and Tyr705) and induced cleaved caspase 3 and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) molecules in an IL-23R-dependent manner and caused apoptosis. Thus, we provided a mechanism showing that T-bet is required to recruit pathogenic Th17 cells to the CNS and RORγt-mediated inflammatory response to drive the apoptosis of IL-23R+ neurons in the CNS and cause EAE. Understanding detailed molecular mechanisms will help to design better strategies to control neuroinflammation and autoimmunity. ONE SENTENCE SUMMARY: IL-23-IL-23R signaling promotes apoptosis of CNS neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Ashok Sonar
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, SP Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune MH-411007, India
| | - Heikrujam Thoihen Meitei
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, SP Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune MH-411007, India
| | - Surojit Karmakar
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, SP Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune MH-411007, India
| | - Amrita Mishra
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, SP Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune MH-411007, India
| | - Shrirang Inamdar
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, SP Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune MH-411007, India
| | - Nibedita Lenka
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, SP Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune MH-411007, India
| | - Girdhari Lal
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, SP Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune MH-411007, India.
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3
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Alwetaid MY, Almanaa TN, Bakheet SA, Ansari MA, Nadeem A, Attia SM, Hussein MH, Ahmad SF. Aflatoxin B 1 Exposure Aggravates Neurobehavioral Deficits and Immune Dysfunctions of Th1, Th9, Th17, Th22, and T Regulatory Cell-Related Transcription Factor Signaling in the BTBR T +Itpr3 tf/J Mouse Model of Autism. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1519. [PMID: 38002479 PMCID: PMC10669727 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13111519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disease characterized by impaired communication, reciprocal social interactions, restricted sociability deficits, and stereotyped behavioral patterns. Environmental factors and genetic susceptibility have been implicated in an increased risk of ASD. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a typical contaminant of food and feed that causes severe immune dysfunction in humans and animals. Nevertheless, the impact of ASD on behavioral and immunological responses has not been thoroughly examined. To investigate this phenomenon, we subjected BTBR T+Itpr3tf/J (BTBR) mice to AFB1 and evaluated their marble-burying and self-grooming behaviors and their sociability. The exposure to AFB1 resulted in a notable escalation in marble-burying and self-grooming activities while concurrently leading to a decline in social contacts. In addition, we investigated the potential molecular mechanisms that underlie the impact of AFB1 on the production of Th1 (IFN-γ, STAT1, and T-bet), Th9 (IL-9 and IRF4), Th17 (IL-17A, IL-21, RORγT, and STAT3), Th22 (IL-22, AhR, and TNF-α), and T regulatory (Treg) (IL-10, TGF-β1, and FoxP3) cells in the spleen. This was achieved using RT-PCR and Western blot analyses to assess mRNA and protein expression in brain tissue. The exposure to AFB1 resulted in a significant upregulation of various immune-related factors, including IFN-γ, STAT1, T-bet, IL-9, IRF4, IL-17A, IL-21, RORγ, STAT3, IL-22, AhR, and TNF-α in BTBR mice. Conversely, the production of IL-10, TGF-β1, and FoxP3 by CD4+ T cells was observed to be downregulated. Exposure to AFB1 demonstrated a notable rise in Th1/Th9/Th22/Th17 levels and a decrease in mRNA and protein expression of Treg. The results above underscore the significance of AFB1 exposure in intensifying neurobehavioral and immunological abnormalities in BTBR mice, hence indicating the necessity for a more comprehensive investigation into the contribution of AFB1 to the development of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Y. Alwetaid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taghreed N. Almanaa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A. Bakheet
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushtaq A. Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabry M. Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa H. Hussein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheikh F. Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Aldossari AA, Assiri MA, Ansari MA, Nadeem A, Attia SM, Bakheet SA, Albekairi TH, Alomar HA, Al-Mazroua HA, Almanaa TN, Al-Hamamah MA, Alwetaid MY, Ahmad SF. Histamine H4 Receptor Antagonist Ameliorates the Progression of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis via Regulation of T-Cell Imbalance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15273. [PMID: 37894952 PMCID: PMC10607370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a degenerative condition characterized by immune-mediated attacks on the central nervous system (CNS), resulting in demyelination and recurring T-cell responses. The histamine H4 receptor (H4R) is mainly expressed in cellular populations and plays a vital role in inflammation and immunological responses. The role of H4R in neurons of the CNS has recently been revealed. However, the precise role of H4R in neuronal function remains inadequately understood. The objective of this work was to investigate the impact of JNJ 10191584 (JNJ), a highly effective and specific H4R antagonist, on the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and to gain insight into the underlying mechanism involved. In this study, we examined the potential impact of JNJ therapy on the course of EAE in SJL/J mice. EAE mice were administered an oral dose of JNJ at a concentration of 6 mg/kg once a day, starting from day 10 and continuing until day 42. Afterward, the mice's clinical scores were assessed. In this study, we conducted additional research to examine the impact of JNJ on several types of immune cells, specifically Th1 (IFN-γ and T-bet), Th9 (IL-9 and IRF4), Th17 (IL-17A and RORγt), and regulatory T (Tregs; Foxp3 and TGF-β1) cells in the spleen. In this study, we further investigated the impact of JNJ on the mRNA expression levels of IFN-γ, T-bet, IL-9, IRF4, IL-17A, RORγt, Foxp3, and TGF-β1 in the brain. Daily treatment of JNJ effectively reduced the development of EAE in mice. The percentages of CD4+IFN-γ+, CD4+T-bet+, CD4+IL-9+, CD4+IRF4+, CD4+IL-17A+, and CD4+RORγt+ cells were shown to decrease, whereas the percentages of CD4+TGF-β1+ and CD4+Foxp3+ cells were observed to increase in EAE mice treated with JNJ. Therefore, the HR4 antagonist positively affected the course of EAE by modulating the signaling of transcription factors. The identified results include possible ramifications in the context of MS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah A. Aldossari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Assiri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushtaq A. Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabry M. Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A. Bakheet
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer H. Albekairi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatun A. Alomar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haneen A. Al-Mazroua
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taghreed N. Almanaa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Al-Hamamah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Y. Alwetaid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheikh F. Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Gao Y, Wang Y, Chauss D, Villarino AV, Link VM, Nagashima H, Spinner CA, Koparde VN, Bouladoux N, Abers MS, Break TJ, Chopp LB, Park JH, Zhu J, Wiest DL, Leonard WJ, Lionakis MS, O'Shea JJ, Afzali B, Belkaid Y, Lazarevic V. Transcription factor EGR2 controls homing and pathogenicity of T H17 cells in the central nervous system. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1331-1344. [PMID: 37443284 PMCID: PMC10500342 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01553-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
CD4+ T helper 17 (TH17) cells protect barrier tissues but also trigger autoimmunity. The mechanisms behind these opposing processes remain unclear. Here, we found that the transcription factor EGR2 controlled the transcriptional program of pathogenic TH17 cells in the central nervous system (CNS) but not that of protective TH17 cells at barrier sites. EGR2 was significantly elevated in myelin-reactive CD4+ T cells from patients with multiple sclerosis and mice with autoimmune neuroinflammation. The EGR2 transcriptional program was intricately woven within the TH17 cell transcriptional regulatory network and showed high interconnectivity with core TH17 cell-specific transcription factors. Mechanistically, EGR2 enhanced TH17 cell differentiation and myeloid cell recruitment to the CNS by upregulating pathogenesis-associated genes and myelomonocytic chemokines. T cell-specific deletion of Egr2 attenuated neuroinflammation without compromising the host's ability to control infections. Our study shows that EGR2 regulates tissue-specific and disease-specific functions in pathogenic TH17 cells in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Gao
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Chauss
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alejandro V Villarino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Verena M Link
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- NIH Center for Human Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Nagashima
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Camille A Spinner
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vishal N Koparde
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Sciences, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Nicolas Bouladoux
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael S Abers
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Timothy J Break
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laura B Chopp
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jung-Hyun Park
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jinfang Zhu
- Molecular and Cellular Immunoregulation Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David L Wiest
- Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Warren J Leonard
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John J O'Shea
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Behdad Afzali
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yasmine Belkaid
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vanja Lazarevic
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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6
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Aldossari AA, Ansari MA, Nadeem A, Attia SM, Bakheet SA, Al-Ayadhi LY, Alanazi MM, Shahid M, Alwetaid MY, Hussein MH, Ahmad SF. Upregulation of Inflammatory Mediators in Peripheral Blood CD40 + Cells in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087475. [PMID: 37108638 PMCID: PMC10138695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common and severe neurodevelopmental disorder in early childhood, defined as social and communication deficits and repetitive and stereotypic behaviours. The aetiology is unknown in most cases. However, several studies have identified immune dysregulation as potentially promoting ASD. Among the numerous immunological findings in ASD, reports of increased pro-inflammatory markers remain the most consistently observed. C-C chemokine receptor type 1 (CCR1) activation is pro-inflammatory in several neurological disorders. Previous evidence has implied that the expression of chemokine receptors, inflammatory mediators, and transcription factors play a pivotal role in several neuroinflammatory disorders. There have also been reports on the association between increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines and ASD. In this study, we aimed to investigate the possible involvement of CCR1, inflammatory mediators, and transcription factor expression in CD40+ cells in ASD compared to typically developing controls (TDC). Flow cytometry analysis was used to determine the levels of CCR1-, IFN-γ-, T-box transcription factor (T-bet-), IL-17A-, retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt-), IL-22- and TNF-α-expressing CD40 cells in PBMCs in children with ASD and the TDC group. We further examined the mRNA and protein expression levels of CCR1 using real-time PCR and western blot analysis. Our results revealed that children with ASD had significantly increased numbers of CD40+CCR1+, CD40+IFN-γ+, CD40+T-bet+, CD40+IL-17A+, CD40+RORγt+, CD4+IL-22+, and CD40+TNF-α+ cells compared with the TDC group. Furthermore, children with ASD had higher CCR1 mRNA and protein expression levels than those in the TDC group. These results indicate that CCR1, inflammatory mediators, and transcription factors expressed in CD40 cells play vital roles in disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah A Aldossari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushtaq A Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabry M Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Bakheet
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laila Y Al-Ayadhi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mudassar Shahid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Y Alwetaid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa H Hussein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheikh F Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Fang D, Healy A, Zhu J. Differential regulation of lineage-determining transcription factor expression in innate lymphoid cell and adaptive T helper cell subsets. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1081153. [PMID: 36685550 PMCID: PMC9846361 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1081153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4 T helper (Th) cell subsets, including Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells, and their innate counterparts innate lymphoid cell (ILC) subsets consisting of ILC1s, ILC2s and ILC3s, display similar effector cytokine-producing capabilities during pro-inflammatory immune responses. These lymphoid cell subsets utilize the same set of lineage-determining transcription factors (LDTFs) for their differentiation, development and functions. The distinct ontogeny and developmental niches between Th cells and ILCs indicate that they may adopt different external signals for the induction of LDTF during lineage commitment. Increasing evidence demonstrates that many conserved cis-regulatory elements at the gene loci of LDTFs are often preferentially utilized for the induction of LDTF expression during Th cell differentiation and ILC development at different stages. In this review, we discuss the functions of lineage-related cis-regulatory elements in inducing T-bet, GATA3 or RORγt expression based on the genetic evidence provided in recent publications. We also review and compare the upstream signals involved in LDTF induction in Th cells and ILCs both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we discuss the possible mechanisms and physiological importance of regulating LDTF dynamic expression during ILC development and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Difeng Fang
- *Correspondence: Difeng Fang, ; Jinfang Zhu,
| | | | - Jinfang Zhu
- *Correspondence: Difeng Fang, ; Jinfang Zhu,
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8
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Abstract
Inflammation is a biological process that dynamically alters the surrounding microenvironment, including participating immune cells. As a well-protected organ surrounded by specialized barriers and with immune privilege properties, the central nervous system (CNS) tightly regulates immune responses. Yet in neuroinflammatory conditions, pathogenic immunity can disrupt CNS structure and function. T cells in particular play a key role in promoting and restricting neuroinflammatory responses, while the inflamed CNS microenvironment can influence and reshape T cell function and identity. Still, the contraction of aberrant T cell responses within the CNS is not well understood. Using autoimmunity as a model, here we address the contribution of CD4 T helper (Th) cell subsets in promoting neuropathology and disease. To address the mechanisms antagonizing neuroinflammation, we focus on the control of the immune response by regulatory T cells (Tregs) and describe the counteracting processes that preserve their identity under inflammatory challenges. Finally, given the influence of the local microenvironment on immune regulation, we address how CNS-intrinsic signals reshape T cell function to mitigate abnormal immune T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nail Benallegue
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Hania Kebir
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Jorge I. Alvarez
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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9
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Cao H, Diao J, Liu H, Liu S, Liu J, Yuan J, Lin J. The Pathogenicity and Synergistic Action of Th1 and Th17 Cells in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2022; 29:818-829. [PMID: 36166586 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izac199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are characterized by chronic idiopathic inflammation of gastrointestinal tract. Although the pathogenesis of IBD remains unknown, intestinal immune dysfunction has been considered as the core pathogenesis. In the intestinal immune system, T helper 1 (Th1) and Th17 cells are indispensable for intestine homeostasis via preventing pathogenic bacteria invasion, regulating metabolism and functions of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), and promoting IEC self-renewal. However, during the development of IBD, Th1 and Th17 cells acquire the pathogenicity and change from the maintainer of intestinal homeostasis to the destroyer of intestinal mucosa. Because of coexpressing interferon-γ and interleukin-17A, Th17 cells with pathogenicity are named as pathogenic Th17 cells. In disease states, Th1 cells impair IEC programs by inducing IEC apoptosis, recruiting immune cells, promoting adhesion molecules expression of IECs, and differentiating to epithelial cell adhesion molecule-specific interferon γ-positive Th1 cells. Pathogenic Th17 cells induce IEC injury by triggering IBD susceptibility genes expression of IECs and specifically killing IECs. In addition, Th1 and pathogenic Th17 cells could cooperate to induce colitis. The evidences from IBD patients and animal models demonstrate that synergistic action of Th1 and pathogenic Th17 cells occurs in the diseases development and aggravates the mucosal inflammation. In this review, we focused on Th1 and Th17 cell programs in homeostasis and intestine inflammation and specifically discussed the impact of Th1 and Th17 cell pathogenicity and their synergistic action on the onset and the development of IBD. We hoped to provide some clues for treating IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Diao
- Department of Pediatrics, Yueyang Hospital of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huosheng Liu
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shanghai Jiading Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Suxian Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianye Yuan
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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10
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Kim J, Moreno A, Krueger JG. The imbalance between Type 17 T-cells and regulatory immune cell subsets in psoriasis vulgaris. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1005115. [PMID: 36110854 PMCID: PMC9468415 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1005115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis vulgaris is a common inflammatory disease affecting 7.5 million adults just in the US. Previously, psoriasis immunopathogenesis has been viewed as the imbalance between CD4+ T-helper 17 (Th17) cells and regulatory T-cells (Tregs). However, current paradigms are rapidly evolving as new technologies to study immune cell subsets in the skin have been advanced. For example, recently minted single-cell RNA sequencing technology has provided the opportunity to compare highly differing transcriptomes of Type 17 T-cell (T17 cell) subsets depending on IL-17A vs. IL-17F expression. The expression of regulatory cytokines in T17 cell subsets provided evidence of T-cell plasticity between T17 cells and regulatory T-cells (Tregs) in humans. In addition to Tregs, other types of regulatory cells in the skin have been elucidated, including type 1 regulatory T-cells (Tr1 cells) and regulatory dendritic cells. More recently, investigators are attempting to apply single-cell technologies to clinical trials of biologics to test if monoclonal blockade of pathogenic T-cells will induce expansion of regulatory immune cell subsets involved in skin homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehwan Kim
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
- Dermatology Section, Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, United States
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Jaehwan Kim, ; James G. Krueger,
| | - Ariana Moreno
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - James G. Krueger
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Jaehwan Kim, ; James G. Krueger,
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11
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Smith KJ, Minns D, McHugh BJ, Holloway RK, O’Connor R, Williams A, Melrose L, McPherson R, Miron VE, Davidson DJ, Gwyer Findlay E. The antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin drives development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice by affecting Th17 differentiation. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001554. [PMID: 36026478 PMCID: PMC9455863 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a highly prevalent demyelinating autoimmune condition; the mechanisms regulating its severity and progression are unclear. The IL-17-producing Th17 subset of T cells has been widely implicated in MS and in the mouse model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, the differentiation and regulation of Th17 cells during EAE remain incompletely understood. Although evidence is mounting that the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin profoundly affects early T cell differentiation, no studies have looked at its role in longer-term T cell responses. Now, we report that cathelicidin drives severe EAE disease. It is released from neutrophils, microglia, and endothelial cells throughout disease; its interaction with T cells potentiates Th17 differentiation in lymph nodes and Th17 to exTh17 plasticity and IFN-γ production in the spinal cord. As a consequence, mice lacking cathelicidin are protected from severe EAE. In addition, we show that cathelicidin is produced by the same cell types in the active brain lesions in human MS disease. We propose that cathelicidin exposure results in highly activated, cytokine-producing T cells, which drive autoimmunity; this is a mechanism through which neutrophils amplify inflammation in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie J. Smith
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Danielle Minns
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Brian J. McHugh
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca K. Holloway
- Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Chancellor’s Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Richard O’Connor
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Williams
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Bioquarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren Melrose
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rhoanne McPherson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Veronique E. Miron
- Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Donald J. Davidson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Gwyer Findlay
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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12
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Ahmad SF, Nadeem A, Ansari MA, Bakheet SA, Shahid M, Al-Mazroua HA, As Sobeai HM, Alasmari AF, Alanazi MM, Alhamed AS, Aldossari AA, Attia SM. CC chemokine receptor 5 antagonist alleviates inflammation by regulating IFN-γ/IL-10 and STAT4/Smad3 signaling in a mouse model of autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Cell Immunol 2022; 379:104580. [PMID: 35872534 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immunopathological disease that causes demyelination and recurrent episodes of T cell-mediated immune attack in the central nervous system. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a well-established mouse model of MS. The roles of T cells in MS/EAE have been well investigated, but little is known about the role of CCR5+ cells. In the present study, we investigated whether treatment with DAPTA, a selective CCR5 antagonist, could modulate the progression of EAE in the SJL/J mice. EAE mice were treated with DAPTA (0.01 mg/kg) intraperitoneally daily from day 14 to day 42, and the clinical scores were evaluated. We further investigated the effects of DAPTA on IFN-γ-, TGF-β-, IL-10-, IL-17A-, IL-22-, T-bet, STAT4-, RORγT-, AhR-, Smad3-, and Foxp3-expressing CCR5+ spleen cells using flow cytometry analysis. We further explored the effects of DAPTA on mRNA/protein expression of IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-22, TGF-β, T-bet, STAT4, RORγT, AhR, Foxp3, and NF-H in the brain tissue. The severity of clinical scores decreased in DAPTA-treated EAE mice as compared to that in the EAE control mice. Moreover, the percentage of CCR5+IFN-γ+, CCR5+T-bet+, CCR5+STAT4+, CCR5+IL-17A+, CCR5+RORγt+, CCR5+IL-22+, and CCR5+AhR+ cells decreased while CCR5+TGF-β+, CCR5+IL-10+, CCR5+Smad3+, and CCR5+Foxp3+ increased in DAPTA-treated EAE mice. Furthermore, DAPTA treatment significantly mitigated the EAE-induced expression of T-bet, STAT4, IL-17A, RORγT, IL-22, and AhR but upregulated Foxp3, IL-10, and NF-H expression in the brain tissue. Taken together, our data demonstrated that DAPTA could ameliorate EAE progression through the downregulation of the inflammation-related cytokines and transcription factors signaling, which may be useful for the clinical therapy of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh F Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushtaq A Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Bakheet
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mudassar Shahid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haneen A Al-Mazroua
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Homood M As Sobeai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S Alhamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Aldossari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabry M Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Rasouli J, Casella G, Zhang W, Xiao D, Kumar G, Fortina P, Zhang GX, Ciric B, Rostami A. Transcription Factor RUNX3 Mediates Plasticity of ThGM Cells Toward Th1 Phenotype. Front Immunol 2022; 13:912583. [PMID: 35860266 PMCID: PMC9289370 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.912583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
GM-CSF-producing T helper (Th) cells play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Recent studies have identified a distinct population of GM-CSF-producing Th cells, named ThGM cells, that also express cytokines TNF, IL-2, and IL-3, but lack expression of master transcription factors (TF) and signature cytokines of commonly recognized Th cell lineages. ThGM cells are highly encephalitogenic in a mouse model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Similar to Th17 cells, in response to IL-12, ThGM cells upregulate expression of T-bet and IFN-γ and switch their phenotype to Th1. Here we show that in addition to T-bet, TF RUNX3 also contributes to the Th1 switch of ThGM cells. T-bet-deficient ThGM cells in the CNS of mice with EAE had low expression of RUNX3, and knockdown of RUNX3 expression in ThGM cells abrogated the Th1-inducing effect of IL-12. Comparison of ThGM and Th1 cell transcriptomes showed that ThGM cells expressed a set of TFs known to inhibit the development of other Th lineages. Lack of expression of lineage-specific cytokines and TFs by ThGM cells, together with expression of TFs that inhibit the development of other Th lineages, suggests that ThGM cells are a non-polarized subset of Th cells with lineage characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Rasouli
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Giacomo Casella
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Dan Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Paolo Fortina
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Translation and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Guang-Xian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Bogoljub Ciric
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Abdolmohamad Rostami
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Abdolmohamad Rostami,
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14
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Gombash SE, Lee PW, Sawdai E, Lovett-Racke AE. Vitamin D as a Risk Factor for Multiple Sclerosis: Immunoregulatory or Neuroprotective? Front Neurol 2022; 13:796933. [PMID: 35651353 PMCID: PMC9149265 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.796933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D insufficiency during childhood has been linked to the development of multiple sclerosis (MS), typically an adult-onset inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Since vitamin D was known to have immunoregulatory properties on both innate and adaptive immunity, it was hypothesized that low vitamin D resulted in aberrant immune responses and the development of MS. However, vitamin D receptors are present on many cell types, including neurons, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and microglia, and vitamin D has profound effects on development and function of the CNS. This leads to the possibility that low vitamin D may alter the CNS in a manner that makes it vulnerable to inflammation and the development of MS. This review analysis the role of vitamin D in the immune and nervous system, and how vitamin D insufficiency in children may contribute to the development of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Gombash
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Priscilla W Lee
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Elizabeth Sawdai
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Amy E Lovett-Racke
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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15
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Fujiwara M, Raheja R, Garo LP, Ajay AK, Kadowaki-Saga R, Karandikar SH, Gabriely G, Krishnan R, Beynon V, Paul A, Patel A, Saxena S, Hu D, Healy BC, Chitnis T, Gandhi R, Weiner HL, Murugaiyan G. microRNA-92a promotes CNS autoimmunity by modulating the regulatory and inflammatory T cell balance. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e155693. [PMID: 35298438 PMCID: PMC9106347 DOI: 10.1172/jci155693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A disequilibrium between immunosuppressive Tregs and inflammatory IL-17-producing Th17 cells is a hallmark of autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the Treg and Th17 imbalance in CNS autoimmunity remain largely unclear. Identifying the factors that drive this imbalance is of high clinical interest. Here, we report a major disease-promoting role for microRNA-92a (miR-92a) in CNS autoimmunity. miR-92a was elevated in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), and its loss attenuated EAE. Mechanistically, miR-92a mediated EAE susceptibility in a T cell-intrinsic manner by restricting Treg induction and suppressive capacity, while supporting Th17 responses, by directly repressing the transcription factor Foxo1. Although miR-92a did not directly alter Th1 differentiation, it appeared to indirectly promote Th1 cells by inhibiting Treg responses. Correspondingly, miR-92a inhibitor therapy ameliorated EAE by concomitantly boosting Treg responses and dampening inflammatory T cell responses. Analogous to our findings in mice, miR-92a was elevated in CD4+ T cells from patients with MS, and miR-92a silencing in patients' T cells promoted Treg development but limited Th17 differentiation. Together, our results demonstrate that miR-92a drives CNS autoimmunity by sustaining the Treg/Th17 imbalance and implicate miR-92a as a potential therapeutic target for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Fujiwara
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Radhika Raheja
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lucien P. Garo
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amrendra K. Ajay
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ryoko Kadowaki-Saga
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sukrut H. Karandikar
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Galina Gabriely
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rajesh Krishnan
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vanessa Beynon
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anu Paul
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amee Patel
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shrishti Saxena
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dan Hu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brian C. Healy
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tanuja Chitnis
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Roopali Gandhi
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Howard L. Weiner
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gopal Murugaiyan
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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16
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Hu L, Zhao X, Li P, Zeng Y, Zhang Y, Shen Y, Wang Y, Sun X, Lai B, Zhong C. Proximal and Distal Regions of Pathogenic Th17 Related Chromatin Loci Are Sequentially Accessible During Pathogenicity of Th17. Front Immunol 2022; 13:864314. [PMID: 35514969 PMCID: PMC9062102 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.864314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic Th17, featured by their production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, are considered as a key player in most autoimmune diseases. The transcriptome of them is obviously distinct from that of conventional regulatory Th17. However, chromatin accessibility of the two Th17 groups have not been comprehensively compared yet. Here, we found that their chromatin-accessible regions(ChARs) significantly correlated with the expression of related genes, indicating that they might engage in the regulation of these genes. Indeed, pathogenic Th17 specific ChARs (patho-ChARs) exhibited a significant distribution preference in TSS-proximal region. We further filtered the patho-ChARs based on their conservation among mammalians or their concordance with the expression of their related genes. In either situation, the filtered patho-ChARs also showed a preference for TSS-proximal region. Enrichment of expression concordant patho-ChARs related genes suggested that they might involve in the pathogenicity of Th17. Thus, we also examined all ChARs of patho-ChARs related genes, and defined an opening ChAR set according to their changes in the Th17 to Th1 conversion. Interestingly, these opening ChARs displayed a sequential accessibility change from TSS-proximal region to TSS-distal region. Meanwhile, a group of patho-TFs (transcription factors) were identified based on the appearance of their binding motifs in the opening ChARs. Consistently, some of them also displayed a similar preference for binding the TSS-proximal region. Single-cell transcriptome analysis further confirmed that these patho-TFs were involved in the generation of pathogenic Th17. Therefore, our results shed light on a new regulatory mechanism underlying the generation of pathogenic Th17, which is worth to be considered for autoimmune disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luni Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xingyu Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyu Zeng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yime Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yukai Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Binbin Lai
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Zhong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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17
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Th17 cell plasticity towards a T-bet-dependent Th1 phenotype is required for bacterial control in Staphylococcus aureus infection. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010430. [PMID: 35446923 PMCID: PMC9064098 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is frequently detected in patients with sepsis and thus represents a major health burden worldwide. CD4+ T helper cells are involved in the immune response to S. aureus by supporting antibody production and phagocytosis. In particular, Th1 and Th17 cells secreting IFN-γ and IL-17A, are involved in the control of systemic S. aureus infections in humans and mice. To investigate the role of T cells in severe S. aureus infections, we established a mouse sepsis model in which the kidney was identified to be the organ with the highest bacterial load and abundance of Th17 cells. In this model, IL-17A but not IFN-γ was required for bacterial control. Using Il17aCre × R26YFP mice we could show that Th17 fate cells produce Th17 and Th1 cytokines, indicating a high degree of Th17 cell plasticity. Single cell RNA-sequencing of renal Th17 fate cells uncovered their heterogeneity and identified a cluster with a Th1 expression profile within the Th17 cell population, which was absent in mice with T-bet/Tbx21-deficiency in Th17 cells (Il17aCre x R26eYFP x Tbx21-flox). Blocking Th17 to Th1 transdifferentiation in Th17 fate cells in these mice resulted in increased S. aureus tissue loads. In summary, we highlight the impact of Th17 cells in controlling systemic S. aureus infections and show that T-bet expression by Th17 cells is required for bacterial clearance. While targeting the Th17 cell immune response is an important therapeutic option in autoimmunity, silencing Th17 cells might have detrimental effects in bacterial infections. Staphylococcus aureus is a commensal and opportunistic pathogen that is involved in a variety of diseases such as skin infection, food poisoning, endocarditis or pneumonia and sepsis. In particular, in patients with bacterial sepsis, S. aureus causes a high mortality. Despite progress in medical treatment in general, the survival rates of S. aureus sepsis did not improve in the last decades. The interaction between adaptive immune system and this pathogen is a topic of great interest. Infection of mice with S. aureus revealed the highest bacterial load and abundance of Th17 cells in the kidney. We could show prominent T-bet-dependent transdifferentiation of Th17 cells to highly effective anti-bacterial Th1 phenotypes in the kidney. Thus, T-bet is essential for the Th17 to Th1 transdifferentiation which is required for the control of bacterial infections. Targeting the plasticity of pro-inflammatory T cell subset is a promising therapeutic strategy to silence detrimental T cells in autoimmunity while augmenting anti-bacterial T cells in infection.
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18
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Lo JW, de Mucha MV, Henderson S, Roberts LB, Constable LE, Garrido‐Mesa N, Hertweck A, Stolarczyk E, Houlder EL, Jackson I, MacDonald AS, Powell N, Neves JF, Howard JK, Jenner RG, Lord GM. A population of naive-like CD4 + T cells stably polarized to the T H 1 lineage. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:566-581. [PMID: 35092032 PMCID: PMC9304323 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
T-bet is the lineage-specifying transcription factor for CD4+ TH 1 cells. T-bet has also been found in other CD4+ T cell subsets, including TH 17 cells and Treg, where it modulates their functional characteristics. However, we lack information on when and where T-bet is expressed during T cell differentiation and how this impacts T cell differentiation and function. To address this, we traced the ontogeny of T-bet-expressing cells using a fluorescent fate-mapping mouse line. We demonstrate that T-bet is expressed in a subset of CD4+ T cells that have naïve cell surface markers and transcriptional profile and that this novel cell population is phenotypically and functionally distinct from previously described populations of naïve and memory CD4+ T cells. Naïve-like T-bet-experienced cells are polarized to the TH 1 lineage, predisposed to produce IFN-γ upon cell activation, and resist repolarization to other lineages in vitro and in vivo. These results demonstrate that lineage-specifying factors can polarize T cells in the absence of canonical markers of T cell activation and that this has an impact on the subsequent T-helper response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W. Lo
- School of Immunology and Microbial SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Division of Digestive DiseasesFaculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Maria Vila de Mucha
- UCL Cancer Institute and CRUK UCL CentreUniversity College London (UCL)LondonUK
| | - Stephen Henderson
- UCL Cancer Institute and CRUK UCL CentreUniversity College London (UCL)LondonUK
| | - Luke B. Roberts
- School of Immunology and Microbial SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Laura E. Constable
- School of Immunology and Microbial SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Division of Digestive DiseasesFaculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Natividad Garrido‐Mesa
- School of Immunology and Microbial SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and ChemistryKingston UniversityLondonUK
| | - Arnulf Hertweck
- UCL Cancer Institute and CRUK UCL CentreUniversity College London (UCL)LondonUK
| | - Emilie Stolarczyk
- Abcam Plc.Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUK
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and SciencesGuy's Campus, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Emma L. Houlder
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Ian Jackson
- School of Immunology and Microbial SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Andrew S. MacDonald
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Nick Powell
- School of Immunology and Microbial SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Division of Digestive DiseasesFaculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Joana F. Neves
- School of Immunology and Microbial SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Centre for Host‐Microbiome InteractionsKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Jane K. Howard
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and SciencesGuy's Campus, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Richard G. Jenner
- UCL Cancer Institute and CRUK UCL CentreUniversity College London (UCL)LondonUK
| | - Graham M. Lord
- School of Immunology and Microbial SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
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19
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Methylmercury chloride exposure exacerbates existing neurobehavioral and immune dysfunctions in the BTBR T+ Itpr3tf/J mouse model of autism. Immunol Lett 2022; 244:19-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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20
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O'Connell P, Blake MK, Godbehere S, Aldhamen YA, Amalfitano A. Absence of ERAP1 in B Cells Increases Susceptibility to Central Nervous System Autoimmunity, Alters B Cell Biology, and Mechanistically Explains Genetic Associations between ERAP1 and Multiple Sclerosis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 207:2952-2965. [PMID: 34810226 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hundreds of genes have been linked to multiple sclerosis (MS); yet, the underlying mechanisms behind these associations have only been investigated in a fraction of cases. Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) is an endoplasmic reticulum-localized aminopeptidase with important roles in trimming peptides destined for MHC class I and regulation of innate immune responses. As such, genetic polymorphisms in ERAP1 have been linked to multiple autoimmune diseases. In this study, we present, to our knowledge, the first mechanistic studies performed to uncover why polymorphisms in ERAP1 are associated with increased susceptibility to MS. Combining multiple mouse models of CNS autoimmunity with high-dimensional single-cell spectral cytometry, adoptive transfer studies, and integrative analysis of human single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets, we identify an intrinsic defect in B cells as being primarily responsible. Not only are mice lacking ERAP1 more susceptible to CNS autoimmunity, but adoptive transfer of B cells lacking ERAP1 into B cell-deficient mice recapitulates this susceptibility. We found B cells lacking ERAP1 display decreased proliferation in vivo and express higher levels of activation/costimulatory markers. Integrative analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing of B cells from 36 individuals revealed subset-conserved differences in gene expression and pathway activation in individuals harboring the MS-linked K528R ERAP1 single-nucleotide polymorphism. Finally, our studies also led us to create, to our knowledge, the first murine protein-level map of the CNS IL-10+ immune compartment at steady state and during neuroinflammation. These studies identify a role for ERAP1 in the modulation of B cells and highlight this as one reason why polymorphisms in this gene are linked to MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick O'Connell
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI; and
| | - Maja K Blake
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI; and
| | - Sarah Godbehere
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI; and
| | - Yasser A Aldhamen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI; and
| | - Andrea Amalfitano
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI; and .,Department of Pediatrics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
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21
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Regulation of autoreactive CD4 T cells by FoxO1 signaling in CNS autoimmunity. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 359:577675. [PMID: 34403862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Myelin-specific CD4 T effector cells (Teffs), Th1 and Th17 cells, are encephalitogenic in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a well-defined murine model of multiple sclerosis (MS) and implicated in MS pathogenesis. Forkhead box O 1 (FoxO1) is a conserved effector molecule in PI3K/Akt signaling and critical in the differentiation of CD4 T cells into T helper subsets. However, it is unclear whether FoxO1 may be a target for redirecting CD4 T cell differentiation and benefit CNS autoimmunity. Using a selective FoxO1 inhibitor AS1842856, we show that inhibition of FoxO1 suppressed the differentiation and expansion of Th1 cells. The transdifferentiation of Th17 cells into encephalitogenic Th1-like cells was suppressed by FoxO1 inhibition upon reactivation of myelin-specific CD4 T cells from EAE mice. The transcriptional balance skewed from the Th1 transcription factor T-bet toward the Treg transcription factor Foxp3. Myelin-specific CD4 T cells treated with the FoxO1 inhibitor were less encephalitogenic in adoptive transfer EAE studies. Inhibition of FoxO1 in T cells from MS patients significantly suppressed the expansion of Th1 cells. Furthermore, FoxO1 inhibition with AS1842856 promoted the development of functional iTreg cells. The immune checkpoint programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)-induced Foxp3 expression in CD4 T cells was impaired by FoxO1 inhibition. These data illustrate an important role of FoxO1 signaling in CNS autoimmunity via regulating autoreactive Teff and Treg balance.
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22
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Moreno-Fernandez ME, Giles DA, Oates JR, Chan CC, Damen MSMA, Doll JR, Stankiewicz TE, Chen X, Chetal K, Karns R, Weirauch MT, Romick-Rosendale L, Xanthakos SA, Sheridan R, Szabo S, Shah AS, Helmrath MA, Inge TH, Deshmukh H, Salomonis N, Divanovic S. PKM2-dependent metabolic skewing of hepatic Th17 cells regulates pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1187-1204.e9. [PMID: 34004162 PMCID: PMC8237408 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests a key contribution to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) pathogenesis by Th17 cells. The pathogenic characteristics and mechanisms of hepatic Th17 cells, however, remain unknown. Here, we uncover and characterize a distinct population of inflammatory hepatic CXCR3+Th17 (ihTh17) cells sufficient to exacerbate NAFLD pathogenesis. Hepatic ihTh17 cell accrual was dependent on the liver microenvironment and CXCR3 axis activation. Mechanistically, the pathogenic potential of ihTh17 cells correlated with increased chromatin accessibility, glycolytic output, and concomitant production of IL-17A, IFNγ, and TNFα. Modulation of glycolysis using 2-DG or cell-specific PKM2 deletion was sufficient to reverse ihTh17-centric inflammatory vigor and NAFLD severity. Importantly, ihTh17 cell characteristics, CXCR3 axis activation, and hepatic expression of glycolytic genes were conserved in human NAFLD. Together, our data show that the steatotic liver microenvironment regulates Th17 cell accrual, metabolism, and competence toward an ihTh17 fate. Modulation of these pathways holds potential for development of novel therapeutic strategies for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Moreno-Fernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Daniel A Giles
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jarren R Oates
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA
| | - Calvin C Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA
| | - Michelle S M A Damen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jessica R Doll
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Traci E Stankiewicz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Xiaoting Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; The Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Kashish Chetal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Rebekah Karns
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Matthew T Weirauch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; The Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Lindsey Romick-Rosendale
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; NMR Metabolomics Core, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Stavra A Xanthakos
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Rachel Sheridan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Sara Szabo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Amy S Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Michael A Helmrath
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; The Center for Stem Cell & Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Thomas H Inge
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Hitesh Deshmukh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; The Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Nathan Salomonis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Senad Divanovic
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; The Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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23
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Hawerkamp HC, Domdey A, Radau L, Sewerin P, Oláh P, Homey B, Meller S. Tofacitinib downregulates antiviral immune defence in keratinocytes and reduces T cell activation. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:144. [PMID: 34020693 PMCID: PMC8138978 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02509-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tofacitinib is a novel Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and ulcerative colitis. In clinical trials, the most common adverse events observed were nasopharyngitis, upper respiratory tract infections, and zoster. JAKs are found downstream of the type II cytokine receptor family used by a number of TH17 cell-associated cytokines for signal transduction. These cytokines lead to the secretion of antiviral and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) by keratinocytes or synoviocytes. Blocking the JAK pathway might result in a diminished secretion of antimicrobial and antiviral peptides causing higher susceptibility to infections in patients treated with JAK inhibitors. METHODS We treated primary human keratinocytes and synoviocytes with tofacitinib and subsequently added various cytokines and bacterial surface proteins before evaluation of the response via RT-qPCR. CD69 expression on tofacitinib-treated PBMCs was investigated via flow cytometry. RESULTS We found a markedly reduced gene expression of all tested antiviral peptides such as MX1 or ISG15 in keratinocytes and synoviocytes in the presence of tofacitinib in vitro. Additionally, we found that JAK inhibition reduced activation of T cells after stimulation with bacterial LPS or viral VZV gE. CONCLUSIONS The antiviral immunity is strongly inhibited in the presence of tofacitinib in vitro, while the antimicrobial immunity does not seem to be affected. In T cells, the overall activation process seems to be influenced by tofacitinib. These findings suggest that tofacitinib has an impact on antiviral immunity such as patients treated with tofacitinib often show adverse events like herpes zoster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike C Hawerkamp
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alina Domdey
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lisa Radau
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp Sewerin
- Department and Hiller Research Unit for Rheumatology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Péter Oláh
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Oncodermatology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Bernhard Homey
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephan Meller
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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24
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Papadopoulou G, Xanthou G. Metabolic rewiring: a new master of Th17 cell plasticity and heterogeneity. FEBS J 2021; 289:2448-2466. [PMID: 33794075 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
T helper type 17 (Th17) cells are characterized by inherent plasticity and heterogeneity displaying both pathogenic and tissue-protective functions. Emerging evidence has illuminated a pivotal role for metabolic reprogramming in shaping Th17 cell fate determination. Metabolic responses are regulated by a constellation of factors and environmental triggers, including cytokines, nutrients, oxygen levels, and metabolites. Dysregulation of metabolic pathways not only influences Th17 cell plasticity and effector function but also affects the outcome of Th17-linked autoimmune, inflammatory, and antitumor responses. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underpinning metabolic reprogramming can allow the enhancement of protective Th17 cell-mediated responses during infections and cancer, concomitant with the suppression of detrimental Th17 processes during autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. In the present review, we describe major metabolic pathways underlying the differentiation of Th17 cells and their crosstalk with intracellular signaling mediators, we discuss how metabolic reprogramming affects Th17 cell plasticity and functions, and, finally, we outline current advances in the exploitation of metabolic checkpoints for the development of novel therapeutic interventions for the management of tissue inflammation, autoimmune disorders, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Papadopoulou
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Greece.,Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgina Xanthou
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Greece
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25
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Shen ZY, Zheng Y, Pecsok MK, Wang K, Li W, Gong MJ, Wu F, Zhang L. C-Reactive Protein Suppresses the Th17 Response Indirectly by Attenuating the Antigen Presentation Ability of Monocyte Derived Dendritic Cells in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:589200. [PMID: 33841391 PMCID: PMC8027258 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.589200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a classical murine model for Multiple Sclerosis (MS), a human autoimmune disease characterized by Th1 and Th17 responses. Numerous studies have reported that C-reactive protein (CRP) mitigates EAE severity, but studies on the relevant pathologic mechanisms are insufficient. Our previous study found that CRP suppresses Th1 response directly by receptor binding on naïve T cells; however, we did not observe the effect on Th17 response at that time; thus it remains unclear whether CRP could regulate Th17 response. In this study, we verified the downregulation of Th17 response by a single-dose CRP injection in MOG-immunized EAE mice in vivo while the direct and indirect effects of CRP on Th17 response were differentiated by comparing its actions on isolated CD4+ T cells and splenocytes in vitro, respectively. Moreover, the immune cell composition was examined in the blood and CNS (Central Nervous System), and a blood (monocytes) to CNS (dendritic cells) infiltration pathway is established in the course of EAE development. The infiltrated monocyte derived DCs (moDCs) were proved to be the only candidate antigen presenting cells to execute CRP’s function. Conversely, the decrease of Th17 responses caused by CRP disappeared in the above in vivo and in vitro studies with FcγR2B−/− mice, indicating that FcγR2B expressed on moDCs mediates CRP function. Furthermore, peripheral blood monocytes were isolated and induced to establish moDCs, which were used to demonstrate that the antigen presenting ability of moDCs was attenuated by CRP through FcγR2B, and then NF-κB and ERK signaling pathways were manifested to be involved in this regulation. Ultimately, we perfected and enriched the mechanism studies of CRP in EAE remission, so we are more convinced that CRP plays a key role in protecting against EAE development, which may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of MS in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yuan Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Maggie K Pecsok
- Departments of Neurology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Ke Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Min-Jie Gong
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Center of Teaching and Experiment for Medical Post Graduates, School of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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26
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Aqel SI, Yang X, Kraus EE, Song J, Farinas MF, Zhao EY, Pei W, Lovett-Racke AE, Racke MK, Li C, Yang Y. A STAT3 inhibitor ameliorates CNS autoimmunity by restoring Teff:Treg balance. JCI Insight 2021; 6:142376. [PMID: 33411696 PMCID: PMC7934926 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.142376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reestablishing an appropriate balance between T effector cells (Teff) and Tregs is essential for correcting autoimmunity. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated chronic CNS disease characterized by neuroinflammation, demyelination, and neuronal degeneration, in which the Teff:Treg balance is skewed toward pathogenic Teffs Th1 and Th17 cells. STAT3 is a key regulator of Teff:Treg balance. Using the structure-based design, we have developed a potentially novel small-molecule prodrug LLL12b that specifically inhibits STAT3 and suppresses Th17 differentiation and expansion. Moreover, LLL12b regulates the fate decision between Th17 and Tregs in an inflammatory environment, shifting Th17:Treg balance toward Tregs and favoring the resolution of inflammation. Therapeutic administration of LLL12b after disease onset significantly suppresses disease progression in adoptively transferred, chronic, and relapsing-remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Disease relapses were also significantly suppressed by LLL12b given during the remission phase. Additionally, LLL12b shifts Th17:Treg balance of CD4+ T cells from MS patients toward Tregs and increases Teff sensitivity to Treg-mediated suppression. These data suggest that selective inhibition of STAT3 by the small molecule LLL12b recalibrates the effector and regulatory arms of CD4+ T responses, representing a potentially clinically translatable therapeutic strategy for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba I Aqel
- Department of Neurology, Ohio State University (OSU) Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiaozhi Yang
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, OSU, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Emma E Kraus
- Department of Neurology, Ohio State University (OSU) Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jinhua Song
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, OSU, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Marissa F Farinas
- Neuroscience program, College of Arts and Sciences, OSU, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Erin Y Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Ohio State University (OSU) Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Wei Pei
- Department of Neurology, Ohio State University (OSU) Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Amy E Lovett-Racke
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, OSU Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael K Racke
- Department of Neurology, Ohio State University (OSU) Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Quest Diagnostics, Secaucus, New Jersey, USA
| | - Chenglong Li
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, OSU, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Yuhong Yang
- Department of Neurology, Ohio State University (OSU) Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, OSU Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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27
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Mindur JE, Yadav SK, Ito N, Senoh M, Kato H, Dhib-Jalbut S, Ito K. Surface Layer Protein A Expressed in Clostridioides difficile DJNS06-36 Possesses an Encephalitogenic Mimotope of Myelin Basic Protein. Microorganisms 2020; 9:microorganisms9010034. [PMID: 33374217 PMCID: PMC7824458 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Recent studies suggest that migration of Th1 and Th17 cells specific for enteric bacteria from the gut to the CNS may lead to the initiation and/or exacerbation of autoimmune diseases including MS. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR15 is an MHC class II (MHCII) haplotype highly associated with the development of MS that contains the two HLA-DRB* genes, DRB1*1501 (DR2b) and DRB5*0101 (DR2a). To identify enteric bacteria which harbor antigenic epitopes that activate myelin-specific T cells and drive CNS inflammation, we screened for enteric bacteria which express cross-reactive epitopes ('mimotopes') of an immunodominant myelin basic protein 89-98 (MBP89-98) epitope. Based on known MHCII HLA-DR2a amino acid binding motifs and cultivation with splenic T cells isolated from MBP-T cell receptor (TCR)/DR2a transgenic (Tg) mice, we discovered that a certain variant of surface layer protein A (SLPA), which is expressed by a subtype of Clostridioides difficile, contains an amino acid sequence that activates MBP89-98-reactive T cells. Furthermore, activation of MBP-specific T cells by SLPA upon active immunization induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in MBP-TCR/DR2a Tg mice. This study suggests that a unique strain of C. difficile possesses an encephalitogenic mimotope of MBP that activates autoreactive, myelin-specific T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E. Mindur
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (J.E.M.); (S.K.Y.); (N.I.); (S.D.-J.)
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sudhir K. Yadav
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (J.E.M.); (S.K.Y.); (N.I.); (S.D.-J.)
| | - Naoko Ito
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (J.E.M.); (S.K.Y.); (N.I.); (S.D.-J.)
| | - Mitsutoshi Senoh
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-001, Japan; (M.S.); (H.K.)
| | - Haru Kato
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-001, Japan; (M.S.); (H.K.)
| | - Suhayl Dhib-Jalbut
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (J.E.M.); (S.K.Y.); (N.I.); (S.D.-J.)
| | - Kouichi Ito
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (J.E.M.); (S.K.Y.); (N.I.); (S.D.-J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-732-235-5482
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Loos J, Schmaul S, Noll TM, Paterka M, Schillner M, Löffel JT, Zipp F, Bittner S. Functional characteristics of Th1, Th17, and ex-Th17 cells in EAE revealed by intravital two-photon microscopy. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:357. [PMID: 33243290 PMCID: PMC7694901 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-02021-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background T helper (Th) 17 cells are a highly plastic subset of T cells, which in the context of neuroinflammation, are able to acquire pathogenic features originally attributed to Th1 cells (resulting in so called ex-Th17 cells). Thus, a strict separation between the two T cell subsets in the context of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is difficult. High variability in culture and EAE induction protocols contributed to previous conflicting results concerning the differential contribution of Th1 and Th17 cells in EAE. Here, we systematically evaluate the role of different T cell differentiation and transfer protocols for EAE disease development and investigate the functional dynamics of encephalitogenic T cells directly within the inflamed central nervous system (CNS) tissue. Methods We compiled the currently used EAE induction protocols reported in literature and investigated the influence of the different Th1 and Th17 differentiation protocols as well as EAE induction protocols on the EAE disease course. Moreover, we assessed the cytokine profile and functional dynamics of both encephalitogenic Th1 and Th17 cells in the inflamed CNS using flow cytometry and intravital two-photon laser scanning microscopy. Lastly, we used astrocyte culture and adoptive transfer EAE to evaluate the impact of Th1 and Th17 cells on astrocyte adhesion molecule expression in vitro and in vivo. Results We show that EAE courses are highly dependent on in vitro differentiation and transfer protocols. Moreover, using genetically encoded reporter mice (B6.IL17A-EGFP.acRFP x 2d2/2d2.RFP), we show that the motility of interferon (IFN)γ-producing ex-Th17 cells more closely resembles Th1 cells than Th17 cells in transfer EAE. Mechanistically, IFNγ-producing Th1 cells selectively induce the expression of cellular adhesion molecules I-CAM1 while Th1 as well as ex-Th17 induce V-CAM1 on astrocytes. Conclusions The behavior of ex-Th17 cells in EAE lesions in vivo resembles Th1 rather than Th17 cells, underlining that their change in cytokine production is associated with functional phenotype alterations of these cells. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-020-02021-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Loos
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Samantha Schmaul
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Theresa Marie Noll
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Magdalena Paterka
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Miriam Schillner
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Julian T Löffel
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Frauke Zipp
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Bittner
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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Rasouli J, Casella G, Yoshimura S, Zhang W, Xiao D, Garifallou J, Gonzalez MV, Wiedeman A, Kus A, Mari ER, Fortina P, Hakonarson H, Long SA, Zhang GX, Ciric B, Rostami A. A distinct GM-CSF + T helper cell subset requires T-bet to adopt a T H1 phenotype and promote neuroinflammation. Sci Immunol 2020; 5:5/52/eaba9953. [PMID: 33097590 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aba9953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Elevation of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-producing T helper (TH) cells has been associated with several autoimmune diseases, suggesting a potential role in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity. However, the identity of GM-CSF-producing TH cells has not been closely examined. Using single-cell RNA sequencing and high-dimensional single-cell mass cytometry, we identified eight populations of antigen-experienced CD45RA-CD4+ T cells in blood of healthy individuals including a population of GM-CSF-producing cells, known as THGM, that lacked expression of signature transcription factors and cytokines of established TH lineages. Using GM-CSF-reporter/fate reporter mice, we show that THGM cells are present in the periphery and central nervous system in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. In addition to GM-CSF, human and mouse THGM cells also expressed IL-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), IL-3, and CCL20. THGM cells maintained their phenotype through several cycles of activation but up-regulated expression of T-bet and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) upon exposure to IL-12 in vitro and in the central nervous system of mice with autoimmune neuroinflammation. Although T-bet was not required for the development of THGM cells, it was essential for their encephalitogenicity. These findings demonstrate that THGM cells constitute a distinct population of TH cells with lineage characteristics that are poised to adopt a TH1 phenotype and promote neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Rasouli
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Giacomo Casella
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Satoshi Yoshimura
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dan Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James Garifallou
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael V Gonzalez
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alice Wiedeman
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anna Kus
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elisabeth R Mari
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paolo Fortina
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Translation and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - S Alice Long
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Guang-Xian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bogoljub Ciric
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Zwicky P, Unger S, Becher B. Targeting interleukin-17 in chronic inflammatory disease: A clinical perspective. J Exp Med 2020; 217:jem.20191123. [PMID: 31727781 PMCID: PMC7037236 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20191123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many chronic inflammatory diseases share the feature of elevated IL-17 production, therapeutic targeting of IL-17 has vastly different clinical outcomes. Here the authors summarize the recent progress in understanding the protective and pathogenic role of the IL-23/IL-17 axis in preclinical models and human inflammatory diseases. Chronic inflammatory diseases like psoriasis, Crohn’s disease (CD), multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and others are increasingly recognized as disease entities, where dysregulated cytokines contribute substantially to tissue-specific inflammation. A dysregulation in the IL-23/IL-17 axis can lead to inflammation of barrier tissues, whereas its role in internal organ inflammation remains less clear. Here we discuss the most recent developments in targeting IL-17 for the treatment of chronic inflammation in preclinical models and in patients afflicted with chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Zwicky
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, Department of Inflammation Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Unger
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, Department of Inflammation Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, Department of Inflammation Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Apigenin Modulates Dendritic Cell Activities and Curbs Inflammation Via RelB Inhibition in the Context of Neuroinflammatory Diseases. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2020; 16:403-424. [PMID: 32607691 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-020-09933-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation leads to tissue injury causing many of the clinical symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis, an autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system (CNS). While T cells, specifically Th1 and Th17 cells, are the ultimate effectors of this disease, dendritic cells (DCs) mediate T cell polarization, activation, etc. In our previous study, Apigenin, a natural flavonoid, has been shown to reduce EAE disease severity through amelioration of demyelination in the CNS as well as the sequestering of DCs and other myeloid cells in the periphery. Here, we show that Apigenin exerts its effects possibly through shifting DC modulated T cell responses from Th1 and Th17 type towards Treg directed responses evident through the decrease in T-bet, IFN-γ (Th1), IL-17 (Th17) and increase in IL-10, TGF-β and FoxP3 (Treg) expression in cells from both normal human donors and EAE mice. RelB, an NF-κβ pathway protein is central to DC maturation, its antigen presentation capabilities and DC-mediated T cell activation. Apigenin reduced mRNA and protein levels of RelB and also reduced its nuclear translocation. Additionally, siRNA-mediated silencing of RelB further potentiated the RelB-mediated effects of Apigenin thus confirming its role in Apigenin directed regulation of DC biology. These results provide key information about the molecular events controlled by Apigenin in its regulation of DC activity marking its potential as a therapy for neuroinflammatory disease. Graphical Abstract.
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ADAM12 is a costimulatory molecule that determines Th1 cell fate and mediates tissue inflammation. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 18:1904-1919. [PMID: 32572163 PMCID: PMC8322154 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-0486-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM)12 was previously found to be expressed in T cells in the inflamed brain. However, the function of ADAM12 in T-cell responses in general and in tissue inflammation has not been examined. Here, we studied the role of ADAM12 in T-cell responses, fate determination on activation, and its functions in T cells to mediate tissue inflammation. We identified ADAM12 as a costimulatory molecule that is expressed on naive T cells and downregulated on stimulation. ADAM12 mimics CD28 costimulatory signaling to activate and induce the proliferation of T-helper 1 (Th1) cells. Monoclonal ADAM12 Fab antibodies trigger T-cell activation by amplifying TCR signaling to stimulate T-bet-mediated IFNγ production. Lack of genomic ADAM12 and its knockdown in T cells diminished T-bet and IFNγ production in Th1 cells, whereas other T cells, including Th17 cells, were unaffected. ADAM12 had similar functions in vivo on myelin antigen (MOG35–55)-induced T-cell activation. We found that genetic loss of ADAM12 profoundly alleviated Th1-mediated neuroinflammation and thus disease severity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a model of multiple sclerosis. Transcriptomic profiling of MOG35–55-specific ADAM12−/− T cells revealed differentially expressed genes that are important for T-cell activation, proliferation, and costimulatory signaling and Th1 pathogenicity, consistent with their inability to cause T-cell-mediated skin inflammation in a model of adoptive delayed-type hypersensitivity. We conclude that ADAM12 is a T-cell costimulatory molecule that contributes to the pathogenesis of tissue inflammation and a potential target for the treatment of Th1-mediated diseases.
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Hou G, Bishu S. Th17 Cells in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Update for the Clinician. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 26:653-661. [PMID: 31970388 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izz316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Studies in humans strongly implicate Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Thus, Th17 cells are major targets of approved and emerging biologics. Herein, we review the role of Th17 in IBD with a clinical focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | - Shrinivas Bishu
- Crohn's and Colitis Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, MI, USA
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Dexamethasone suppresses the Th17/1 cell polarization in the CD4 + T cells from patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia. Thromb Res 2020; 190:26-34. [PMID: 32278222 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune disease with increased Th17 cells in peripheral blood. Th17/1 cells, which were recently characterized as a new differentiated Th17 lineage secreting IL-17 and IFN-γ, play an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple autoimmune diseases. In this study, we investigated whether Th17/1 cells are involved in the pathogenesis of ITP. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peripheral blood was obtained from 44 ITP patients and 50 healthy controls. The percentages of T cell subsets were evaluated. We also detected molecular signature of Th17/1 cells in CD4+ T cells. Besides, CD4+ T cells from ITP patients were treated with dexamethasone, the inhibitor of NF-κB, or rapamycin to evaluate the impact and mechanism of dexamethasone treatment on Th17/1 cells. RESULTS We found an elevated percentage and an enhanced specific molecular signature of Th17/1 cells in CD4+ T cells in ITP patients. The percentage of Th17/1 cells was correlated positively with Th17 cells in ITP patients and healthy controls. The percentage of Th17/1 cells was correlated with corticosteroid resistance. Dexamethasone reversed the molecular signature of Th17/1 cells and decreased the percentage of Th17/1 cells in vitro. Treatment of dexamethasone and the inhibitor of NF-κB suppressed the phosphorylation of STAT3, while dexamethasone treatment also inhibited the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggested Th17/1 cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of ITP and dexamethasone could inhibit Th17/1 cells through NF-κB/STAT3 pathway. These results may provide a potential therapeutic strategy of correcting the Th17/1 cell deviation in ITP.
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Ahmad SF, Ansari MA, Nadeem A, Bakheet SA, Al-Ayadhi LY, Alasmari AF, Alanazi MM, Al-Mazroua HA, Attia SM. Involvement of CD45 cells in the development of autism spectrum disorder through dysregulation of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, key inflammatory cytokines, and transcription factors. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 83:106466. [PMID: 32259699 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autismspectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex and multifactorial heterogeneous disorder. Previous investigations have revealed the association between the immune system and ASD, which is characterized by impaired communication skills. Inflammatory response through CD45 cells plays a key role in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune disorders; however, the molecular mechanism of CD45 cells in ASD is not clearly defined.In this study, we investigated the role of CD45 signaling in children with ASD. In this study, we aimed to investigate the possible involvement of CD45 cells expressing granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and inflammatory transcription factors in ASD. Flow cytometric analysis, using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), revealed the numbers of GM-CSF-, IFN-γ-, IL-6-, IL-9-, IL-22-, T-bet-, pStat3-, Helios-, and Stat6-producing CD45+ cells in children with ASD and children in the control group. We further evaluated the mRNA and protein expression levels of GM-CSF in PBMC by RT-PCR and western blotting analysis. Our results revealed that the children with ASD exhibited significantly higher numbers of CD45+GM-CSF+, CD45+IFN-γ+, CD45+IL-6+, CD45+IL-9+, CD45+IL-22+, CD45+T-bet+, and CD45+pStat3+ cells compared with the control group. We also found that the children with ASD showed a lower number of CD45+Helios+ and CD45+Stat6+ cells compared with the control group. Furthermore, the children with ASD showed higher GM-CSF mRNA and protein expression levels compared with the control group. These results indicated that CD45 could play an essential role in the immune abnormalities of ASD. Further investigation of the role of CD45 in neurodevelopment in ASD is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh F Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mushtaq A Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Bakheet
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laila Y Al-Ayadhi
- Autism Research and Treatment Center, AL-Amodi Autism Research Chair, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haneen A Al-Mazroua
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabry M Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Chen J, Martindale JL, Abdelmohsen K, Kumar G, Fortina PM, Gorospe M, Rostami A, Yu S. RNA-Binding Protein HuR Promotes Th17 Cell Differentiation and Can Be Targeted to Reduce Autoimmune Neuroinflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:2076-2087. [PMID: 32169842 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated Th17 cell differentiation is associated with autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, which has no curative treatment. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of regulating Th17 cell differentiation will help find a novel therapeutic target for treating Th17 cell-mediated diseases. In this study, we investigated the cell-intrinsic processes by which RNA-binding protein HuR orchestrates Th17 cell fate decisions by posttranscriptionally regulating transcription factors Irf4 and Runx1 and receptor Il12rb1 expression, in turn promoting Th17 cell and Th1-like Th17 cell differentiation in C57BL/6J mice. Knockout of HuR altered the transcriptome of Th17 cells characterized by reducing the levels of RORγt, IRF4, RUNX1, and T-bet, thereby reducing the number of pathogenic IL-17+IFN-γ+CD4+ T cells in the spleen during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. In keeping with the fact that HuR increased the abundance of adhesion molecule VLA-4 on Th17 cells, knockout of HuR impaired splenic Th17 cell migration to the CNS and abolished the disease. Accordingly, targeting HuR by its inhibitor DHTS inhibited splenic Th17 cell differentiation and reduced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis severity. In sum, we uncovered the molecular mechanism of HuR regulating Th17 cell functions, underscoring the therapeutic value of HuR for treatment of autoimmune neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107;
| | - Jennifer L Martindale
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224; and
| | - Kotb Abdelmohsen
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224; and
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Paolo M Fortina
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224; and
| | | | - Shiguang Yu
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107;
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Balasa R, Barcutean L, Balasa A, Motataianu A, Roman-Filip C, Manu D. The action of TH17 cells on blood brain barrier in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Hum Immunol 2020; 81:237-243. [PMID: 32122685 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Th17 cells, known as a highly pro-inflammatory subtype of Th cells, are involved very early in numerous aspects of multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) neuropathology. A crucial event for the formation and accumulation of MS lesions is represented by the disruption of the blood brain barrier (BBB) in relapsing-remitting MS. Th17 cells also contribute to the progression of MS/EAE. These events will allow for the passage of inflammatory cells into the brain. Secondary to this, increased recruitment of neutrophils occurs, followed by increased protease activity that will continue to attract macrophages and monocytes, leading to brain inflammation with sustained myelin and axon damage. This review focuses mainly on the role of Th17 cells in penetrating the BBB and on their important effects on BBB disruption via their main secretion products, IL-17 and IL-22. We present the morphological aspects of Th17 cells that allow for intercellular contacts with BBB endothelial cells and the functional/secretory particularities of Th17 cells that allow for intercellular communications that enhance Th17 entry into the CNS. The cytokines and chemokines involved in these processes are described. In conclusion, Th17 cells can efficiently cross the BBB using pathways distinct from those used by Th1 cells, leading to BBB disruption, the activation of other inflammatory cells and neurodegeneration in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodica Balasa
- Neurology 1 Clinic, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Tirgu Mures, Romania; Neurology Department, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology Tirgu Mures, Romania
| | - Laura Barcutean
- Neurology 1 Clinic, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Tirgu Mures, Romania; Neurology Department, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology Tirgu Mures, Romania
| | - Adrian Balasa
- Neurosurgery Clinic, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Tirgu Mures, Romania
| | - Anca Motataianu
- Neurology 1 Clinic, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Tirgu Mures, Romania; Neurology Department, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology Tirgu Mures, Romania.
| | | | - Doina Manu
- Centre for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, Tirgu Mures, Romania
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Zhang S, Zhang G, Wan YY. SKI and SMAD4 are essential for IL-21-induced Th17 differentiation. Mol Immunol 2019; 114:260-268. [PMID: 31398665 PMCID: PMC6857814 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Th17 cells are essential for the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In the presence of TGF-β, the differentiation of Th17 cells can be induced by inflammatory cytokines, especially IL-6, which is mainly produced by antigen presenting cells (APCs); or IL-21, which is derived from T cells. IL-21 is required for IL-6-induced Th17 cell differentiation. However, the key regulators and underlying mechanisms for IL-21-induced Th17 differentiation is still elusive. Here we show that SMAD4 is a key regulator in IL-21-induced Th17 differentiation. SMAD4 deficient naïve T cells can differentiate into Th17 cells in the absence of TGF-β signaling, and these Th17 cells are pathogenic during EAE. SMAD4 represses Rorc mRNA transcription to constrain IL-21-induced Th17 differentiation in the absence of TGF-β signaling. While in the presence of TGF-β, SMAD4 losses its suppressive ability due to the degradation of SKI. Mutation of Y429A or A432E on SMAD4 disrupts the interaction of SKI from SMAD4 and eliminates SMAD4 mediated suppression of Th17 differentiation. SMAD4 is indispensable for SKI binding to Rorc promoter region to regulate Th17 differentiation. Moreover, activin can induce Th17 differentiation in combination with IL-21, and the process is also subjected to the control of SKI and SMAD4. This study therefore elucidates critical mechanism for IL-21-induced Th17 differentiation to indicate SKI and SMAD4 as potential therapeutic targets for treating autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China.
| | - Ge Zhang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Immunology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Yisong Y Wan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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REGγ controls Th17 cell differentiation and autoimmune inflammation by regulating dendritic cells. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 17:1136-1147. [PMID: 31511643 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0287-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-17A (IL-17A)-producing helper T (Th17) cells are a subset of CD4+ T cells that play important pathological roles in autoimmune diseases. Although the intrinsic pathways of Th17 cell differentiation have been well described, how instructive signals derived from the innate immune system trigger the Th17 response and inflammation remains poorly understood. Here, we report that mice deficient in REGγ, a proteasome activator belonging to the 11S family, exhibit significantly deteriorated autoimmune neuroinflammation in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model with augmented Th17 cell polarization in vivo. The results of the adoptive transfer of CD4+ T cells or dendritic cells (DCs) suggest that this phenotype is driven by DCs rather than T cells. Furthermore, REGγ deficiency promotes the expression of integrin αvβ8 on DCs, which activates the maturation of TGF-β1 to enhance Th17 cell development. Mechanistically, this process is mediated by the REGγ-proteasome-dependent degradation of IRF8, a transcription factor for αvβ8. Collectively, our findings delineate a previously unknown mechanism by which REGγ-mediated protein degradation in DCs controls the differentiation of Th17 cells and the onset of an experimental autoimmune disease.
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The rs3761548 FOXP3 variant is associated with multiple sclerosis and transforming growth factor β1 levels in female patients. Inflamm Res 2019; 68:933-943. [PMID: 31414141 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01275-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between rs3761548 FOXP3 (-3279 C > A) variant and multiple sclerosis (MS), disability, disability progression, as well as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and interleukin (IL)-10 plasma levels in MS patients. METHODS AND SUBJECTS The study included 170 MS patients and 182 controls. Disability was evaluated using Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and categorized as mild (EDSS ≤ 3) and moderate/high (EDSS > 3). Disability progression was evaluated using Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS). The rs3761548 variant was determined with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Plasma levels of TGF-β1 and IL-10 were determined using immunofluorimetric assay. RESULTS CA and AA genotypes were associated with MS [odds ratio (OR) 2.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.66-3.53, p = 0.012; OR 8.19, 95% CI 3.04-22.07, p < 0.001, respectively). With the dominant model, the CA + AA genotypes were associated with MS (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.50-4.37, p < 0.001). In the recessive model, the AA genotype was also associated with MS (OR 5.38, 95% CI 2.12-13.64, p < 0.001). After adjustment by age, ethnicity, BMI and smoking, all these results remained significant, as well as female patients carrying the CA + AA genotypes showed higher TGF-β1 than those carrying the CC genotype (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.001-1.054, p = 0.043). No association was observed between the genotypes and disability, disability progression and IL-10 levels. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the A allele of FOXP3 -3279 C > A variant may exert a role in the T regulatory cell function, which could be one of the factors involved in the susceptibility for MS in females.
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Haghmorad D, Yazdanpanah E, Jadid Tavaf M, Zargarani S, Soltanmohammadi A, Mahmoudi MB, Mahmoudi M. Prevention and treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induced mice with 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3. Neurol Res 2019; 41:943-957. [PMID: 31402771 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2019.1650218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) frequently starts in young adulthood. Demyelination, inflammatory and axonal damage in the CNS is the pathological hallmark of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis. 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (Vitamin D3) is involved in calcium regulation, phosphorus homeostasis, and bone mineralization. In addition, vitamin D3 has potential inhibitory effects on immune cells in various inflammatory and autoimmunity disease. C57BL/6 female mice were divided into prevention groups (low, middle and high doses) and treatment groups (middle and high doses). Prevention groups received vitamin D3 2 weeks before EAE induction, and treatment groups were treated with vitamin D3 simultaneous with EAE induction. Vitamin D3 inhibits the development of EAE in a dose-dependent manner. Histological studies revealed reduced demyelination and limited infiltration into CNS, moreover vitamin D3 increased the production of IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β, while a significant reduction in the production of IFN-γ, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-17 was observed. Flow cytometry results for CD4+ T cell subsets in compliance with ELISA cytokine assay results showed a significant decrease in the percentage of Th1 and Th17, but also a significant increase in the percentage of Th2 and Treg for middle and high dose vitamin D3 treated mice. Real-time PCR results indicated that middle and high dose vitamin D3 treatment reduced T-bet and ROR-γt expression, but enhanced GATA3 and Foxp3 expression. Real-Time PCR results in CNS for T cell subsets related cytokines and transcription factors supported the results of flow cytometry and ELISA. This study indicated that middle and high doses of vitamin D3 deviate the balance between Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg to Th2 and Treg. Moreover, vitamin D3 could reduce the incidence and severity of EAE clinical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariush Haghmorad
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences , Semnan , Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences , Semnan , Iran
| | - Esmaeil Yazdanpanah
- Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Allergy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Maryam Jadid Tavaf
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences , Semnan , Iran
| | - Simin Zargarani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences , Semnan , Iran
| | - Azita Soltanmohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences , Semnan , Iran
| | | | - Mahmoud Mahmoudi
- Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Allergy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
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Shahid A, Bharadwaj M. The connection between the Th17 cell related cytokines and cancer stem cells in cancer: Novel therapeutic targets. Immunol Lett 2019; 213:9-20. [PMID: 31278971 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) are the subpopulation of cells present in the different types of cancers with capabilities of self-renewal, differentiation, and tumorigenicity when transplanted into an animal host. The research work on the CSC has been providing a promising approach for the improvement of cancer therapies in the future. The CSCs have a close connection with the cytokines related with the T helper 17 (Th17) cell and other factors present in the tumor microenvironment, and these play a pivotal role in tumor progression and metastasis. The properties of CSCs are well defined in various type of tumor which is mainly developed by chemically and spontaneously in murine cancer model but in human defined primarily on acute myeloid leukemia, glioma, and breast cancer. The role of Th1, Th2, Natural Killer cells are well described in the cancer biology, but the Th17 cells are the subset which is recently exploited, and lots of research are going on. In this Review, we summarize current findings of the characteristics and functions of the Th17 cell and its signature cytokines in different cancers and their interconnections with cancer stem cells and with their markers. We have also discussed the functional properties of CSCs and how the CSCs markers can be distinguished from normal stem cells markers. We have also talked about the strategies that are efficiently targeting of CSCs and Th17 cells in different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaz Shahid
- Molecular Biology Group, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Department of Health Research, Noida, 201301, India
| | - Mausumi Bharadwaj
- Molecular Biology Group, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Department of Health Research, Noida, 201301, India.
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Ban Y, Dong W, Zhang L, Zhou T, Altiti AS, Ali K, Mootoo DR, Blaho VA, Hla T, Ren Y, Ma X. Abrogation of Endogenous Glycolipid Antigen Presentation on Myelin-Laden Macrophages by D-Sphingosine Ameliorates the Pathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:404. [PMID: 30941120 PMCID: PMC6433838 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Although myelin is composed of mostly lipids, the pathological role of myelin lipids in demyelinating diseases remains elusive. The principal lipid of the myelin sheath is β-galactosylceramide (β-Galcer). Its α-anomer (α-Galcer) has been demonstrated to be antigenically presented by macrophages via CD1d, a MHC class I-like molecule. Myelin, which is mostly composed of β-Galcer, has been long considered as an immunologically-inert neuron insulator, because the antigen-binding cleft of CD1d is highly α-form-restricted. Results: Here, we report that CD1d-mediated antigenic presentation of myelin-derived galactosylceramide (Mye-GalCer) by macrophages contributed significantly to the progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Surprisingly, this presentation was recognizable by α-Galcer:CD1d-specific antibody (clone L363), but incapable of triggering expansion of iNKT cells and production of iNKT signature cytokines (IFNγ and IL-4). Likewise, a synthesized analog of Mye-Galcer, fluorinated α-C-GalCer (AA2), while being efficiently presented via CD1d on macrophages, failed to stimulate production of IFNγ and IL-4. However, AA2 significantly exacerbated EAE progression. Further analyses revealed that the antigenic presentations of both Mye-GalCer and its analog (AA2) in α-form via CD1d promoted IL-17 production from T cells, leading to elevated levels of IL-17 in EAE spinal cords and sera. The IL-17 neutralizing antibody significantly reduced the severity of EAE symptoms in AA2-treated mice. Furthermore, D-sphingosine, a lipid possessing the same hydrophobic base as ceramide but without a carbohydrate residue, efficiently blocked this glycolipid antigen presentation both in vitro and in spinal cords of EAE mice, and significantly decreased IL-17 and ameliorated the pathological symptoms. Conclusion: Our findings reveal a novel pathway from the presentation of Mye-GalCer to IL-17 production, and highlight the promising therapeutic potential of D-sphingosine for the human disorder of multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ban
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Wenjuan Dong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lixing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States.,Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ahmad S Altiti
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Khaleel Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - David R Mootoo
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Victoria A Blaho
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Vascular Biology, Weill Medical Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,Sanford Burnham Prepys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Timothy Hla
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Vascular Biology, Weill Medical Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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44
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Aqel SI, Kraus EE, Jena N, Kumari V, Granitto MC, Mao L, Farinas MF, Zhao EY, Perottino G, Pei W, Lovett-Racke AE, Racke MK, Fuchs JR, Li C, Yang Y. Novel small molecule IL-6 inhibitor suppresses autoreactive Th17 development and promotes T reg development. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 196:215-225. [PMID: 30615197 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the leading cause of non-traumatic neurological disability in the United States in young adults, but current treatments are only partially effective, making it necessary to develop new, innovative therapeutic strategies. Myelin-specific interleukin (IL)-17-producing T helper type 17 (Th17) cells are a major subset of CD4 T effector cells (Teff ) that play a critical role in mediating the development and progression of MS and its mouse model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), while regulatory T cells (Treg ) CD4 T cells are beneficial for suppressing disease. The IL-6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT-3) signaling pathway is a key regulator of Th17 and Treg cells by promoting Th17 development and suppressing Treg development. Here we show that three novel small molecule IL-6 inhibitors, madindoline-5 (MDL-5), MDL-16 and MDL-101, significantly suppress IL-17 production in myelin-specific CD4 T cells in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. MDL-101 showed superior potency in suppressing IL-17 production compared to MDL-5 and MDL-16. Treatment of myelin-specific CD4 T cells with MDL-101 in vitro reduced their encephalitogenic potential following their subsequent adoptive transfer. Furthermore, MDL-101 significantly suppressed proliferation and IL-17 production of anti-CD3-activated effector/memory CD45RO+ CD4+ human CD4 T cells and promoted human Treg development. Together, these data demonstrate that these novel small molecule IL-6 inhibitors have the potential to shift the Teff : Treg balance, which may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for ameliorating disease progression in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Aqel
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - E E Kraus
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - N Jena
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - V Kumari
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - M C Granitto
- Neuroscience Program, College of Arts and Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - L Mao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainsville, FL, USA
| | - M F Farinas
- Neuroscience Program, College of Arts and Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - E Y Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - G Perottino
- Neuroscience Program, College of Arts and Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - W Pei
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - A E Lovett-Racke
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - M K Racke
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - J R Fuchs
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - C Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainsville, FL, USA
| | - Y Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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Lyon de Ana C, Arakcheeva K, Agnihotri P, Derosia N, Winandy S. Lack of Ikaros Deregulates Inflammatory Gene Programs in T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:1112-1123. [PMID: 30635395 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CD4 Th cells are organizers of the immune response, directing other immune cells to initiate and maintain effective humoral and cellular immunity. CD4 T cells differentiate into distinct Th effector or regulatory subsets in response to signals delivered to them during the course of infection. Ikaros is a transcription factor that is expressed in blood cells from the level of the hematopoietic stem cell. It is required for normal thymic T cell development and serves as a tumor suppressor, as lack of Ikaros in developing lymphoid cells results in leukemia. To study the role of Ikaros in CD4 T cell differentiation and function, an Ikaros conditional knockout mouse was developed such that Ikaros expression was deleted specifically in mature T cells, thus avoiding defects observed in germline Ikaros mutant mice. Using this model system, we have shown that in the absence of Ikaros, CD4 T cells are able to attain Th1, Th2, and Th17, but not inducible regulatory T, cell fates. However, they show enhanced expression of a cohort of proinflammatory cytokines, resulting in differentiation of Th17 cells with a phenotype that has been associated with autoimmunity and pathological inflammation. In addition, we define Ikaros as a repressor of the gene program associated with the response to type I IFNs, another key pathway whose deregulation is linked to autoimmunity. Taken together, these data definitively define Ikaros as a critical regulator at the center of the inflammatory response in T cells and highlight a potential role in suppressing autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Lyon de Ana
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Immunology Training Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Ksenia Arakcheeva
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Immunology Training Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Parul Agnihotri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Immunology Training Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Nicole Derosia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Immunology Training Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Susan Winandy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Immunology Training Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
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Wu B, Zhang S, Guo Z, Wang G, Zhang G, Xie L, Lou J, Chen X, Wu D, Bergmeier W, Zheng J, Wan YY. RAS P21 Protein Activator 3 (RASA3) Specifically Promotes Pathogenic T Helper 17 Cell Generation by Repressing T-Helper-2-Cell-Biased Programs. Immunity 2018; 49:886-898.e5. [PMID: 30446383 PMCID: PMC6249088 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic Th17 (pTh17) cells drive inflammation and immune-pathology, but whether pTh17 cells are a Th17 cell subset whose generation is under specific molecular control remains unaddressed. We found that Ras p21 protein activator 3 (RASA3) was highly expressed by pTh17 cells relative to non-pTh17 cells and was required specifically for pTh17 generation in vitro and in vivo. Mice conditionally deficient for Rasa3 in T cells showed less pathology during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Rasa3-deficient T cells acquired a Th2 cell-biased program that dominantly trans-suppressed pTh17 cell generation via interleukin 4 production. The Th2 cell bias of Rasa3-deficient T cells was due to aberrantly elevated transcription factor IRF4 expression. RASA3 promoted proteasome-mediated IRF4 protein degradation by facilitating interaction of IRF4 with E3-ubiquitin ligase Cbl-b. Therefore, a RASA3-IRF4-Cbl-b pathway specifically directs pTh17 cell generation by balancing reciprocal Th17-Th2 cell programs. These findings indicate that a distinct molecular program directs pTh17 cell generation and reveals targets for treating pTh17 cell-related pathology and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Song Zhang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Zengli Guo
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Gang Wang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Immunology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Ling Xie
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jitong Lou
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Xian Chen
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wolfgang Bergmeier
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Junnian Zheng
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China.
| | - Yisong Y Wan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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de Lima KA, Donate PB, Talbot J, Davoli-Ferreira M, Peres RS, Cunha TM, Alves-Filho JC, Cunha FQ. TGFβ1 signaling sustains aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) expression and restrains the pathogenic potential of T H17 cells by an AHR-independent mechanism. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1130. [PMID: 30425241 PMCID: PMC6234206 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1107-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a transcription factor activated by ligand highly expressed on TH17 cells, and AHR-deficient CD4+ T cells have impaired production of IL-17A and IL-22. Although AHR activation can exacerbate in vivo TH17 cell-mediated autoimmunity, accumulating data indicate that AHR is a nonpathogenic TH17 marker. Thus it remains unclear how AHR activation is regulated and impacts on the generation of TH17 subsets. Here we demonstrated that AHR pathway is activated during in vitro pathogenic TH17 polarization, but it is quickly downregulated. Under these conditions, additional AHR activation promoted IL-22 but not IL-17A. Interestingly, AHR high sustained expression and IL-17A promotion were only achieved when TGFβ1 was present in the culture. In addition to the effect on AHR regulation, TGFβ1 presented a dual role by simultaneously suppressing the TH17 pathogenic phenotype acquisition. This latter effect was independent of AHR stimulation, since its activation did not confer a TH17 anti-inflammatory profile and Ahr-/- cells did not upregulate any TH17 pathogenic marker. Through the use of EAE model, we demonstrated that AHR is still functional in encephalitogenic CD4+ T cells and the adoptive transfer of Ahr-/- TH17 cells to recipient mice resulted in milder EAE development when compared to their WT counterparts. Altogether, our data demonstrated that although AHR is highly expressed on in vitro-generated nonpathogenic TH17 cells, its ligation does not shift TH17 cells to an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Further studies investigating the role of AHR beyond TH17 differentiation may provide a useful understanding of the physiopathology of autoimmune diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/deficiency
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/immunology
- Cell Differentiation
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/chemically induced
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Interleukin-17/genetics
- Interleukin-17/immunology
- Interleukins/genetics
- Interleukins/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein/administration & dosage
- Peptide Fragments/administration & dosage
- Phenotype
- Primary Cell Culture
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/deficiency
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/genetics
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/immunology
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Th17 Cells/drug effects
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Th17 Cells/pathology
- Th17 Cells/transplantation
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/pharmacology
- Interleukin-22
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalil Alves de Lima
- Inflammation and Pain Laboratory, Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Barbim Donate
- Inflammation and Pain Laboratory, Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jhimmy Talbot
- Inflammation and Pain Laboratory, Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcela Davoli-Ferreira
- Inflammation and Pain Laboratory, Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raphael Sanches Peres
- Inflammation and Pain Laboratory, Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago Mattar Cunha
- Inflammation and Pain Laboratory, Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Alves-Filho
- Inflammation and Pain Laboratory, Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Queiroz Cunha
- Inflammation and Pain Laboratory, Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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48
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Glatigny S, Bettelli E. Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) as Animal Models of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2018; 8:cshperspect.a028977. [PMID: 29311122 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a028977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a multifocal demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) leading to the progressive destruction of the myelin sheath surrounding axons. It can present with variable clinical and pathological manifestations, which might reflect the involvement of distinct pathogenic processes. Although the mechanisms leading to the development of the disease are not fully understood, numerous evidences indicate that MS is an autoimmune disease, the initiation and progression of which are dependent on an autoimmune response against myelin antigens. In addition, genetic susceptibility and environmental triggers likely contribute to the initiation of the disease. At this time, there is no cure for MS, but several disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) are available to control and slow down disease progression. A good number of these DMTs were identified and tested using animal models of MS referred to as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In this review, we will recapitulate the characteristics of EAE models and discuss how they help shed light on MS pathogenesis and help test new treatments for MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Glatigny
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98101.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109
| | - Estelle Bettelli
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98101.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109
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49
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Kant R, Pasi S, Surolia A. Auto-Reactive Th17-Cells Trigger Obsessive-Compulsive-Disorder Like Behavior in Mice With Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2508. [PMID: 30429853 PMCID: PMC6220041 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Th17-lymphocytes are well known for their deleterious role in autoimmunity. But does the notoriety of this repertoire extend beyond autoimmunity? In the present study we employed experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis as model system to study the role auto-reactive Th17 cells in neuropsychiatric disorders. The mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis exhibited exaggerated grooming activity. The observed behavioral anomaly resembled obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) upon analysis of grooming microstructure, induced grooming, marble burying and nestlet shredding. The observed OCD like behavior was relieved upon Th17 cell depletion; alternatively, it could alone be induced by adoptive transfer of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (35-55) reactive Th17 in B6.Rag1−/− mice. The observed OCD like behavior was also alleviated upon treatment with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, fluoxetine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kant
- Molecular Science Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India.,Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Shweta Pasi
- Molecular Science Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India.,Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Avadhesha Surolia
- Molecular Science Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India.,Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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50
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Aqel SI, Granitto MC, Nuro-Gyina PK, Pei W, Liu Y, Lovett-Racke AE, Racke MK, Yang Y. Distinct roles for Blimp-1 in autoreactive CD4 T cells during priming and effector phase of autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 325:20-28. [PMID: 30366205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein (Blimp-1) is a transcription factor that regulates effector/memory B cells and CD8 T cells. Here we show that Blimp-1 is expressed in both Th1 and Th17 cells in vitro and highly expressed in effector/memory myelin-specific CD4 T cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice. The immunized Blimp-1 conditional knockout mice have a significantly delayed disease onset but enhanced disease severity during the effector phase compared to their wild-type littermates, suggesting that Blimp-1 is a unique transcription factor with distinct roles in the regulation of myelin-specific CD4 T cells during priming and effector phase of EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba I Aqel
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Marissa C Granitto
- Neuroscience Program, College of Arts and Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Patrick K Nuro-Gyina
- Postbacculaureate Research Education Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Wei Pei
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Amy E Lovett-Racke
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Michael K Racke
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Yuhong Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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