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Toral López J, Gómez Martinez S, Rivera Vega MDR, Hernández-Zamora E, Cuevas Covarrubias S, Ibarra Castrejón BA, González Huerta LM. New Genetic Variants of RUNX2 in Mexican Families Cause Cleidocranial Dysplasia. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:173. [PMID: 38534443 DOI: 10.3390/biology13030173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is an autosomal dominant skeletal dysplasia characterized by persistent open skull sutures with bulging calvaria, hypoplasia, or aplasia of clavicles permitting abnormal opposition of the shoulders; wide public symphysis; short middle phalanx of the fifth fingers; and vertebral, craniofacial, and dental anomalies. It is a rare disease, with a prevalence of 1-9/1,000,000, high penetrance, and variable expression. The gene responsible for CCD is the Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) gene. We characterize the clinical, genetic, and bioinformatic results of four CCD cases: two cases within Mexican families with six affected members, nine asymptomatic individuals, and two sporadic cases with CCD, with one hundred healthy controls. Genomic DNA analyses of the RUNX2 gene were performed for Sanger sequencing. Bioinformatics tools were used to predict the function, stability, and structural changes of the mutated RUNX2 proteins. Three novel heterozygous mutations (c.651_652delTA; c.538_539delinsCA; c.662T>A) and a previously reported mutation (c.674G>A) were detected. In silico analysis showed that all mutations had functional, stability-related, and structural alterations in the RUNX2 protein. Our results show novel mutations that enrich the pool of RUNX2 gene mutations with CCD. Moreover, the proband 1 presented clinical data not previously reported that could represent an expanded phenotype of severe expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Toral López
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centro Médico Ecatepec ISSEMYM, Ecatepec 55000, México State, Mexico
| | - Sandra Gómez Martinez
- Servicio de Genética, Hospital General de México "Eduardo Liceaga" (HGM), México City 06720, Mexico
| | | | - Edgar Hernández-Zamora
- Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", México City 14389, Mexico
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2
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Tantibhaedhyangkul W, Tantrapornpong J, Yutchawit N, Theerapanon T, Intarak N, Thaweesapphithak S, Porntaveetus T, Shotelersuk V. Dental characteristics of patients with four different types of skeletal dysplasias. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:5827-5839. [PMID: 37548766 PMCID: PMC10560164 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05194-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Skeletal dysplasia (SD) comprises more than 450 separate disorders. We hypothesized that their dental features would be distinctive and investigated the tooth characteristics of four patients with different SDs. MATERIAL AND METHODS Four SD patients with molecularly confirmed diagnoses, Pt-1 acromicric dysplasia, Pt-2 hypophosphatasia and hypochondroplasia, Pt-3 cleidocranial dysplasia, and Pt-4 achondroplasia, were recruited. A tooth from each patient was evaluated for mineral density (micro-computerized tomography), surface roughness (surface profilometer), microhardness, mineral contents (energy-dispersive X-ray), and ultrastructure (scanning electron microscopy and histology), and compared with three tooth-type matched controls. RESULTS Pt-1 and Pt-3 had several unerupted teeth. Pt-2 had an intact-root-exfoliated tooth at 2 years old. The lingual surfaces of the patients' teeth were significantly smoother, while their buccal surfaces were rougher, than controls, except for Pt-1's buccal surface. The patients' teeth exhibited deep grooves around the enamel prisms and rough intertubular dentin. Pt-3 demonstrated a flat dentinoenamel junction and Pt-2 had an enlarged pulp, barely detectable cementum layer, and ill-defined cemento-dentinal junction. Reduced microhardnesses in enamel, dentin, and both layers were observed in Pt-3, Pt-4, and Pt-1, respectively. Pt-1 showed reduced Ca/P ratio in dentin, while both enamel and dentin of Pt-2 and Pt-3 showed reduced Ca/P ratio. CONCLUSION Each SD has distinctive dental characteristics with changes in surface roughness, ultrastructure, and mineral composition of dental hard tissues. CLINICAL RELEVANCE In this era of precision dentistry, identifying the specific potential dental problems for each patient with SD would help personalize dental management guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Worasap Tantibhaedhyangkul
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Jenjira Tantrapornpong
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Nuttanun Yutchawit
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Thanakorn Theerapanon
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Narin Intarak
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sermporn Thaweesapphithak
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Thantrira Porntaveetus
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Vorasuk Shotelersuk
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, the Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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Thaweesapphithak S, Theerapanon T, Rattanapornsompong K, Intarak N, Kanpittaya P, Trachoo V, Porntaveetus T, Shotelersuk V. Functional consequences of C-terminal mutations in RUNX2. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12202. [PMID: 37500953 PMCID: PMC10374887 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39293-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the RUNX2 gene, affecting bone and teeth development. Previous studies focused on mutations in the RUNX2 RHD domain, with limited investigation of mutations in the C-terminal domain. This study aimed to investigate the functional consequences of C-terminal mutations in RUNX2. Eight mutations were analyzed, and their effects on transactivation activity, protein expression, subcellular localization, and osteogenic potential were studied. Truncating mutations in the PST region and a missense mutation in the NMTS region resulted in increased transactivation activity, while missense mutations in the PST showed activity comparable to the control. Truncating mutations produced truncated proteins, while missense mutations produced normal-sized proteins. Mutant proteins were mislocalized, with six mutant proteins detected in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. CCD patient bone cells exhibited mislocalization of RUNX2, similar to the generated mutant. Mislocalization of RUNX2 and reduced expression of downstream genes were observed in MSCs from a CCD patient with the p.Ser247Valfs*3 mutation, leading to compromised osteogenic potential. This study provides insight into the functional consequences of C-terminal mutations in RUNX2, including reduced expression, mislocalization, and aberrant transactivation of downstream genes, contributing to the compromised osteogenic potential observed in CCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sermporn Thaweesapphithak
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Graduate Program in Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanakorn Theerapanon
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Khanti Rattanapornsompong
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Narin Intarak
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Pimsiri Kanpittaya
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vorapat Trachoo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thantrira Porntaveetus
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Graduate Program in Geriatric and Special Patients Care, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Vorasuk Shotelersuk
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, the Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
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Živković M, Stefanović N, Glišić B, Brajović G, Miličić B, Kostić M, Popović B. WNT10A and RUNX2 mutations associated with non-syndromic tooth agenesis. Eur J Oral Sci 2022; 130:e12896. [PMID: 36250548 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to examine the prevalence of WNT10A and RUNX2 mutations and assess their potential impact on the phenotype of non-syndromic tooth agenesis. The study included 30 participants with non-syndromic tooth agenesis, divided into hypodontia (n = 24) and oligodontia forms (n = 6), and 42 unaffected family members. Genomic DNA from buccal epithelial cells was used for polymerase chain reaction amplification of functionally important exons of the WNT10A and RUNX2 genes. Direct sequencing reactions were performed to confirm the presence of mutations. The trend of increasing prevalence of WNT10A mutations and a slight increase in the prevalence of RUNX2 mutations were revealed in tooth agenesis cases compared to unaffected family members. There was a higher prevalence of hypodontia than oligodontia, increased frequency of females over males with missing teeth, and a wide phenotypic variability was observed in individuals and families analyzed. The common missense mutations (p.Phe228Ile, p.Arg113Cys, p.Asp217Asn, and p.Gly165Arg) and c.114-56T>C in the WNT10A gene and in-frame-deletion/insertions (11A, 24Q, 30Q), synonymous variant c.240G>A, and 424-33dupC in the RUNX2 gene were identified. These findings highlight an important role of WNT10A and RUNX2 mutations in the genetic etiology of non-syndromic tooth agenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Živković
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Belgrade, School of Dental Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Neda Stefanović
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Belgrade, School of Dental Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branislav Glišić
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Belgrade, School of Dental Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gavrilo Brajović
- Department of Physiology, University of Belgrade, School of Dental Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Miličić
- Department for Medical Statistics and Informatics, University of Belgrade, School of Dental Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Kostić
- Faculty of Hotel Management and Tourism, University of Kragujevac, Vrnjacka Banja, Serbia
| | - Branka Popović
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Belgrade, School of Dental Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia
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BMP Signaling Pathway in Dentin Development and Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142216. [PMID: 35883659 PMCID: PMC9317121 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BMP signaling plays an important role in dentin development. BMPs and antagonists regulate odontoblast differentiation and downstream gene expression via canonical Smad and non-canonical Smad signaling pathways. The interaction of BMPs with their receptors leads to the formation of complexes and the transduction of signals to the canonical Smad signaling pathway (for example, BMP ligands, receptors, and Smads) and the non-canonical Smad signaling pathway (for example, MAPKs, p38, Erk, JNK, and PI3K/Akt) to regulate dental mesenchymal stem cell/progenitor proliferation and differentiation during dentin development and homeostasis. Both the canonical Smad and non-canonical Smad signaling pathways converge at transcription factors, such as Dlx3, Osx, Runx2, and others, to promote the differentiation of dental pulp mesenchymal cells into odontoblasts and downregulated gene expressions, such as those of DSPP and DMP1. Dysregulated BMP signaling causes a number of tooth disorders in humans. Mutation or knockout of BMP signaling-associated genes in mice results in dentin defects which enable a better understanding of the BMP signaling networks underlying odontoblast differentiation and dentin formation. This review summarizes the recent advances in our understanding of BMP signaling in odontoblast differentiation and dentin formation. It includes discussion of the expression of BMPs, their receptors, and the implicated downstream genes during dentinogenesis. In addition, the structures of BMPs, BMP receptors, antagonists, and dysregulation of BMP signaling pathways associated with dentin defects are described.
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6
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Revision of RUNX1 Variant Curation Rules. Blood Adv 2022; 6:4726-4730. [PMID: 35764482 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022008017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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7
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Zhang Y, Duan X. A Novel 90-kbp Deletion of RUNX2 Associated with Cleidocranial Dysplasia. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1128. [PMID: 35885911 PMCID: PMC9322484 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare autosomal dominant skeletal dysplasia caused by runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) mutations. In addition to the regular missense, small or large fragment deletions are the common mutation types of RUNX2. This study aimed to find the rules of deletions in RUNX2. The clinical information of one Chinese CCD family was collected. Genomic DNA was extracted for whole-exome sequencing (WES). Bioinformatics analyzed the pathogenicity of the variants. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequencing were carried out using specific primers. RT-PCR and Q-PCR were also used to detect the mRNA level of RUNX2. The CCD studies related with deletions in RUNX2 from 1999 to 2021 from HGMD and PubMed were collected and analyzed for the relationship between the phenotypes and the length of deleted fragments. The proband presented typical CCD features, including delayed closure of cranial sutures, clavicle dysplasia, abnormal teeth. WES, PCR with specific primers and Sanger sequencing revealed a novel heterozygous 90-kbp deletion in RUNX2 (NG_008020.2 g.103671~193943), which caused a substitution (p.Asn183Ile) and premature termination (p.Asp184*). In addition, the mRNA expression of RUNX2 was decreased by 75.5% in the proband. Herein, 31 types of deletions varying from 2 bp to 800 kbp or covering the whole gene of RUNX2 were compared and the significant phenotypic difference was not found among these deletions. The CCD phenotypes were related with the final effects of RUNX2 mutation instead of the length of deletion. WES has the defects in identifying large indels, and direct PCR with specific primers and Sanger sequencing could make up for the shortcoming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaohong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China;
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8
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Gong L, Odilov B, Han F, Liu F, Sun Y, Zhang N, Zuo X, Yang J, Wang S, Hou X, Ren J. Identification a novel de novo RUNX2 frameshift mutation associated with cleidocranial dysplasia. Genes Genomics 2022; 44:683-690. [PMID: 35235174 PMCID: PMC9120113 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-022-01229-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare genetic disorder affecting bone and cartilage development. Clinical features of CCD comprise short stature, delayed ossification of craniofacial structures with numerous Wormian bones, underdeveloped or aplastic clavicles and multiple dental anomalies. Several studies have revealed that CCD development is strongly linked with different mutations in runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) gene. OBJECTIVE Identification and functional characterization of RUNX2 mutation associated with CCD. METHODS We performed genetic testing of a patient with CCD using whole exome sequencing and found a novel RUNX2 frameshift mutation: c.1550delT in a sporadic case. We also compared the functional activity of the mutant and wild-type RUNX2 through immunofluorescence microscopy and osteocalcin promoter luciferase assay. RESULTS We found a novel RUNX2 frameshift mutation, c.1550delT (p.Trp518Glyfs*60). Both mutant RUNX2 and wild-type RUNX2 protein were similarly confined in the nuclei. The novel mutation caused abrogative transactivation activity of RUNX2 on osteocalcin promoter. CONCLUSIONS We explored a novel RUNX2 deletion/frameshift mutation in a sporadic CCD patient. This finding suggests that the VWRPY domain may play a key role in RUNX2 transactivation ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, 250012, China.,Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Bekzod Odilov
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, 250012, China.,Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Feng Han
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, 250012, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Zhangqiu District People's Hospital, Jinan, 250200, China
| | - Fuqiang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, 250012, China.,Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yujing Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, 250012, China.,Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Ningxin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, 250012, China.,Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xiaolin Zuo
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, 250012, China.,Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jiaojiao Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, 250012, China.,Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Shouyu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, 250012, China.,Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xinguo Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, 250012, China.,Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jianmin Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China. .,Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China. .,Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, 250012, China. .,Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, 250012, China.
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Liu D, Zhang C, Liu Y, Li J, Wang Y, Zheng S. RUNX2 Regulates Osteoblast Differentiation via the BMP4 Signaling Pathway. J Dent Res 2022; 101:1227-1237. [PMID: 35619284 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221093518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
RUNX2 is a master osteogenic transcription factor, and mutations in RUNX2 cause the inherited skeletal disorder cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD). Studies have revealed that RUNX2 is not only a downstream target of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway but can also regulate the expression of BMPs. However, the underlying mechanism of the regulation of BMPs by RUNX2 remains unknown. In this project, we diagnosed a CCD patient with a 7.86-Mb heterozygous deletion on chromosome 6 containing all exons of RUNX2 by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were further extracted from patient alveolar bone fragments (CCD-BMSCs), an excellent natural model to explore the possible mechanism. The osteogenic differentiation ability of CCD-BMSCs was severely affected by RUNX2 heterozygous deletion. Also, BMP4 decreased most in BMP ligands, and CHRDL1, a BMP antagonist, was abnormally elevated in CCD-BMSCs. Furthermore, BMP4 treatment essentially rescued the osteogenic capacity of CCD-BMSCs, and RUNX2 overexpression reversed the abnormal expression of BMP4 and CHRDL1. Notably, we constructed CRISPR/Cas9 Runx2+/m MC3T3-E1 cells, which simulated a variant in CCD-BMSCs, to exclude the interference of other gene deletions and the heterogeneity of the genetic background of primary cells, and verified all findings from the CCD-BMSCs. Moreover, the luciferase reporter experiment showed that RUNX2 could inhibit the transcription of CHRDL1. Through immunofluorescence, the inhibitory effect of CHRDL1 on BMP4/Smad signaling was confirmed in MC3T3-E1 cells. These results revealed that RUNX2 regulated the BMP4 pathway by inhibiting CHRDL1 transcription. We collectively identified a novel RUNX2/CHRDL1/BMP4 axis to regulate osteogenic differentiation and noted that BMP4 might be a valuable therapeutic option for treating bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Liu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, PR China
| | - C Zhang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, PR China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, PR China
| | - J Li
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, PR China
| | - Y Wang
- Central Laboratory, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, PR China
| | - S Zheng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, PR China
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Cano-Pérez E, Gómez-Alegría C, Herrera FP, Gómez-Camargo D, Malambo-García D. Demographic, clinical, and radiological characteristics of cleidocranial dysplasia: A systematic review of cases reported in south America. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 77:103611. [PMID: 35638029 PMCID: PMC9142397 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare disease characterized by craniofacial, skeletal, and oral anomalies. The disease prevalence is estimated to be 1 per million inhabitants; thus, only a few studies have described large cohorts of CCD patients. This study reviewed the clinical-radiological and demographic characteristics of patients with CCD in South America. Methods We conducted a systematic review of all cases of CCD reported in South America following the PRISMA guidelines. Demographic information (sex, age at diagnosis, origin, reason for consultation, and family history) was also recorded. CCD signs were divided into “craniofacial” and “skeletal” categories. Results A total of 72 cases were included. We found that oral anomalies were the most common reason for consultation leading to a diagnosis in patients, with a median age at diagnosis of 14 years. Fifty percent of the patients were women. Open fontanels or cranial sutures, the presence of at least one of the typical CCD facies (frontal bossing, brachycephaly, hypertelorism, or depression of the nasal bridge), and supernumerary teeth were reported in 92%, 85%, and 88% of cases, respectively. Clavicular dysplasia was present in 98.6% of cases, and other skeletal abnormalities such as scoliosis, pubic symphysis diastasis, and flat feet were found; short stature was present in 71% of cases, and one case presented cognitive deficits. Conclusion Although the phenotypic spectrum of CCD is variable, clavicular dysplasia, open fontanels or cranial sutures, dental anomalies, and at least one of the typical CCD facies are present in at least 80% of cases. About 70% of patients are diagnosed during childhood or adolescence, mostly due to dental complications. Clavicular dysplasia, open fontanel, dental abnormalities, and facies typical of CCD are present in at least 80% of cases. The prevalence of CCD signs in the South American population is similar to other patient groups from other populations.
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11
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Aoki H, Suzuki E, Nakamura T, Onodera S, Saito A, Ohtaka M, Nakanishi M, Nishimura K, Saito A, Azuma T. Induced pluripotent stem cells from homozygous Runx2-deficient mice show poor response to vitamin D during osteoblastic differentiation. Med Mol Morphol 2022; 55:174-186. [DOI: 10.1007/s00795-022-00317-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Zhang J, Li YZ, Chen WQ, Yuan JY, Li Q, Meng YX, Yu YD, Guo Q. Genome sequencing identified a novel exonic microdeletion in the RUNX2 gene that causes cleidocranial dysplasia. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 528:6-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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THAWEESAPPHITHAK S, SAENGSIN J, KAMOLVISIT W, THEERAPANON T, PORNTAVEETUS T, SHOTELERSUK V. Cleidocranial dysplasia and novel RUNX2 variants: dental, craniofacial, and osseous manifestations. J Appl Oral Sci 2022; 30:e20220028. [PMID: 35674542 PMCID: PMC9239300 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2022-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a skeletal disorder affecting cranial sutures, teeth, and clavicles, and is associated with the
RUNX2
mutations. Although numerous patients have been described, a direct genotype–phenotype correlation for
RUNX2
has been difficult to establish. Further cases must be studied to understand the clinical and genetic spectra of CCD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Vorasuk SHOTELERSUK
- Chulalongkorn University, Thailand; King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thailand
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14
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Inchingolo AD, Patano A, Coloccia G, Ceci S, Inchingolo AM, Marinelli G, Malcangi G, Montenegro V, Laudadio C, Palmieri G, Bordea IR, Ponzi E, Orsini P, Ficarella R, Scarano A, Lorusso F, Dipalma G, Corsalini M, Gentile M, Venere DD, Inchingolo F. Genetic Pattern, Orthodontic and Surgical Management of Multiple Supplementary Impacted Teeth in a Rare, Cleidocranial Dysplasia Patient: A Case Report. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:medicina57121350. [PMID: 34946295 PMCID: PMC8709258 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57121350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare, autosomal dominant skeletal dysplasia with a prevalence of one per million births. The main causes of CCD are mutations in the core-binding factor alpha-1 (CBFA1) or runt-related transcription factor-2 (RUNX2), located at the 6p21 chromosomal region. RUNX2 plays important roles in osteoblast differentiation, chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation, and tooth formation. The disease is characterized by clavicular aplasia or hypoplasia, Wormian bones, delayed closure of cranial suture, brachycephalic head, maxillary deficiency, retention of primary teeth, inclusion of permanent teeth, and multiple supernumerary teeth. Materials and Methods: A 22-year-old girl suffering from cleidocranial dysplasia with short stature, narrow shoulders, craniofacial manifestations (short face, broad forehead, etc.) and dental anomalies (different lower dental elements under eruption, supernumerary and impacted multiple teeth, etc.) was examined at our service (Complex Operative Unit of Odontostomatology of Policlinico of Bari). RX Orthopantomography (OPG) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) were requested to better assess the position of the supernumerary teeth and their relationships with others and to evaluate the bone tissue. Results: Under eruption was probably caused by dental interferences with supernumerary teeth; hence, extractions of supernumerary upper canines and lower premolars were performed under general anaesthesia. Surgery outcome was excellent with good tissue healing and improvements in the therapeutic possibilities with future orthodontics. Conclusions: The objective of this article is to give an update about radiological, clinical, and molecular features of CCD and to alert the health team about the importance of establishing an early diagnosis and an appropriate treatment in these patients to prevent impacted teeth complications and to offer them a better quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Danilo Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (A.M.I.); (G.M.); (G.M.); (V.M.); (C.L.); (G.P.); (G.D.); (M.C.); (D.D.V.)
| | - Assunta Patano
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (A.M.I.); (G.M.); (G.M.); (V.M.); (C.L.); (G.P.); (G.D.); (M.C.); (D.D.V.)
| | - Giovanni Coloccia
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (A.M.I.); (G.M.); (G.M.); (V.M.); (C.L.); (G.P.); (G.D.); (M.C.); (D.D.V.)
| | - Sabino Ceci
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (A.M.I.); (G.M.); (G.M.); (V.M.); (C.L.); (G.P.); (G.D.); (M.C.); (D.D.V.)
| | - Angelo Michele Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (A.M.I.); (G.M.); (G.M.); (V.M.); (C.L.); (G.P.); (G.D.); (M.C.); (D.D.V.)
| | - Grazia Marinelli
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (A.M.I.); (G.M.); (G.M.); (V.M.); (C.L.); (G.P.); (G.D.); (M.C.); (D.D.V.)
| | - Giuseppina Malcangi
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (A.M.I.); (G.M.); (G.M.); (V.M.); (C.L.); (G.P.); (G.D.); (M.C.); (D.D.V.)
| | - Valentina Montenegro
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (A.M.I.); (G.M.); (G.M.); (V.M.); (C.L.); (G.P.); (G.D.); (M.C.); (D.D.V.)
| | - Claudia Laudadio
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (A.M.I.); (G.M.); (G.M.); (V.M.); (C.L.); (G.P.); (G.D.); (M.C.); (D.D.V.)
| | - Giulia Palmieri
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (A.M.I.); (G.M.); (G.M.); (V.M.); (C.L.); (G.P.); (G.D.); (M.C.); (D.D.V.)
| | - Ioana Roxana Bordea
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: or (I.R.B.); or (F.L.); (F.I.); Tel.: +40-744919319 (I.R.B.); +39-3282132586 (F.L.); +39-3312111104 (F.I.)
| | - Emanuela Ponzi
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Human Reproductive Medicine, ASL Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (E.P.); (P.O.); (R.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Paola Orsini
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Human Reproductive Medicine, ASL Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (E.P.); (P.O.); (R.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Romina Ficarella
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Human Reproductive Medicine, ASL Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (E.P.); (P.O.); (R.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Antonio Scarano
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Felice Lorusso
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Correspondence: or (I.R.B.); or (F.L.); (F.I.); Tel.: +40-744919319 (I.R.B.); +39-3282132586 (F.L.); +39-3312111104 (F.I.)
| | - Gianna Dipalma
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (A.M.I.); (G.M.); (G.M.); (V.M.); (C.L.); (G.P.); (G.D.); (M.C.); (D.D.V.)
| | - Massimo Corsalini
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (A.M.I.); (G.M.); (G.M.); (V.M.); (C.L.); (G.P.); (G.D.); (M.C.); (D.D.V.)
| | - Mattia Gentile
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Human Reproductive Medicine, ASL Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (E.P.); (P.O.); (R.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Daniela Di Venere
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (A.M.I.); (G.M.); (G.M.); (V.M.); (C.L.); (G.P.); (G.D.); (M.C.); (D.D.V.)
| | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (A.M.I.); (G.M.); (G.M.); (V.M.); (C.L.); (G.P.); (G.D.); (M.C.); (D.D.V.)
- Correspondence: or (I.R.B.); or (F.L.); (F.I.); Tel.: +40-744919319 (I.R.B.); +39-3282132586 (F.L.); +39-3312111104 (F.I.)
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15
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Segovia‐Fuentes JI, Egurrola‐Pedraza JA, Castro‐Mendoza EJ, Cano‐Pérez E, Gómez‐Camargo DE, Malambo‐García DI. Clinical-radiological approach for the diagnosis of cleidocranial dysplasia in adults: A familial cases series. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:e05235. [PMID: 34963811 PMCID: PMC8710844 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.5235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleidocranial dysplasia is a rare disease with an autosomal-dominant inheritance that mainly affects the bones of the axial skeleton. In this report, we discuss the clinical and radiological signs of a case series comprising three sisters and the son of one of the sisters, all with suspected bone dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eder Cano‐Pérez
- Grupo de Investigación UNIMOLFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de CartagenaCartagena de IndiasColombia
| | - Doris Esther Gómez‐Camargo
- Grupo de Investigación UNIMOLFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de CartagenaCartagena de IndiasColombia
- Facultad de MedicinaDoctorado en Medicina TropicalUniversidad de CartagenaCartagena de IndiasColombia
| | - Dacia Isabel Malambo‐García
- Grupo de Investigación UNIMOLFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de CartagenaCartagena de IndiasColombia
- Facultad de MedicinaDoctorado en Medicina TropicalUniversidad de CartagenaCartagena de IndiasColombia
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16
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Hamada A, Mukasa H, Taguchi Y, Akagi E, Obayashi F, Yamasaki S, Kanda T, Koizumi K, Toratani S, Okamoto T. Identification of a familial cleidocranial dysplasia with a novel RUNX2 mutation and establishment of patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells. Odontology 2021; 110:444-451. [PMID: 34779963 PMCID: PMC9170643 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-021-00674-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is an autosomal dominant hereditary disease associated with the gene RUNX2. Disease-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have emerged as a useful resource to further study human hereditary diseases such as CCD. In this study, we identified a novel CCD-specific RUNX2 mutation and established iPSCs with this mutation. Biopsies were obtained from familial CCD patients and mutation analyses were performed through Sanger sequencing and next generation sequencing. CCD-specific human iPSCs (CCD-hiPSCs) were established and maintained under completely defined serum, feeder, and integration-free condition using a non-integrating replication-defective Sendai virus vector. We identified the novel mutation RUNX2_c.371C>G and successfully established CCD-hiPSCs. The CCD-hiPSCs inherited the same mutation, possessed pluripotency, and showed the ability to differentiate the three germ layers. We concluded that RUNX2_c.371C>G was likely pathogenic because our results, derived from next generation sequencing, are supported by actual clinical evidence, familial tracing, and genetic data. Thus, we concluded that hiPSCs with a novel CCD-specific RUNX2 mutation are viable as a resource for future studies on CCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Hamada
- Department of Molecular Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima-city, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Hanae Mukasa
- Department of Molecular Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima-city, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.,Mukasa Dental Clinic, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuki Taguchi
- Department of Molecular Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima-city, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Eri Akagi
- Department of Molecular Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima-city, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Obayashi
- Department of Molecular Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima-city, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Sachiko Yamasaki
- Department of Molecular Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima-city, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Taku Kanda
- Department of Molecular Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima-city, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Koichi Koizumi
- Department of Molecular Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Toratani
- Department of Molecular Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Okamoto
- Department of Molecular Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,School of Medical Sciences, The University of East Asia, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi, 751-8503, Japan
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17
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Yang L, Lu G, Shen W, Chen W, Lu H, Zhang G, Yuan S, Zheng S, Ren J. Whole-exome sequencing of a novel initiation codon mutation in RUNX2 in a Chinese family with cleidocranial dysplasia. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27746. [PMID: 34766588 PMCID: PMC8589230 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is mainly attributable to a variant of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) on chromosome 6p21. CCD is an autosomal dominant skeletal disorder characterized by open/delayed closure of fontanels, clavicular hypoplasia, retention of deciduous teeth, and supernumerary permanent teeth. The aim of this study was to investigate potentially pathogenic mutations in 2 Chinese families. Genomic DNA was obtained from peripheral blood lymphocytes, and whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed to detect gene variants. Real-time quantitative PCR was performed to determine the mRNA expression level of RUNX2 in the proband of family 1. Silico algorithms and conservation analyses were used to evaluate the functional impact. We identified a novel initiation codon mutation (c.2T>C) and a previously reported mutation (c.569G>A). Familial co-segregation verified an autosomal-dominant inheritance pattern. Our findings demonstrated that the novel mutation c.2T>C causes CCD. Quantitative real-time PCR suggested that downregulated RUNX2 levels and haploinsufficiency in RUNX2 lead to CCD. These results extend the spectrum of RUNX2 mutations in CCD patients and can be used for genetic consultation and prenatal diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Yang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Genqi Lu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Wenjing Shen
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Wenjing Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Haiyan Lu
- Department of Orthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Guozhong Zhang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Shuo Yuan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | | | - Jiabao Ren
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
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18
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Liu D, Liu Y, Zhang X, Wang Y, Zhang C, Zheng S. An Exploration of Mutagenesis in a Family with Cleidocranial Dysplasia without RUNX2 Mutation. Front Genet 2021; 12:748111. [PMID: 34737766 PMCID: PMC8560734 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.748111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is an autosomal dominant inheritable skeletal disorder characterized by cranial dysplasia, clavicle hypoplasia, and dental abnormalities. Mutations involving Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) are currently the only known molecular etiology for CCD but are not identified in all CCD patients. No RUNX2 abnormality can be detected in about 20–30% of patients, and the molecular cause remains unknown. The present study includes a family case with typical features of CCD. RUNX2 mutation was first screened by sequencing analysis, and no mutation was detected. Copy number alterations of the RUNX2 gene were then measured by quantitative PCR and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). No copy number variation in RUNX2 could be detected. We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) to identify the underlying genetic mutations. Unexpectedly, no abnormalities could be detected in genes related to the RUNX2 signaling pathway. Therefore, it was supposed that other new unknown gene variations might contribute to the CCD phenotype. We focused on Immunoglobulin superfamily member 10 (IGSF10), a gene related to bone development. An IGSF10 frameshift mutation (c.6001_6002delCT, p.Leu2001Valfs*24) was detected by WES. Sanger sequencing verified that this mutation was only detected in the patient and her affected mother but not in her unaffected father. Bioinformatics studies demonstrated that this mutation could change the 3D structure of the IGSF10 protein and severely damage its function. In addition, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the ability to form mineralized nodules were inhibited by IGSF10 knockdown compared with normal controls. The expression of bone sialoprotein (BSP) was significantly reduced by IGSF10 knockdown, but not that of other osteogenic markers. Our results provide new genetic evidence that IGSF10 mutation might contribute to CCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Department of Preventive Dentistry, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Department of Preventive Dentistry, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - XianLi Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Department of Preventive Dentistry, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Stomatology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yixiang Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Central Laboratory, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Chenying Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Department of Preventive Dentistry, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Shuguo Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Department of Preventive Dentistry, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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19
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Motaei J, Salmaninejad A, Jamali E, Khorsand I, Ahmadvand M, Shabani S, Karimi F, Nazari MS, Ketabchi G, Naqipour F. Molecular Genetics of Cleidocranial Dysplasia. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2021; 40:442-454. [PMID: 31984822 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2019.1710792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a genetic disorder with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. CCD characterized by abnormal clavicles, patent sutures and fontenelles, supernumerary teeth and short stature. Approximately 60-70% of CCD patients have mutations in the RUNX2 gene. The RUNX2 gene is an essential transcription factor for chondrocyte maturation, osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Runx2 regulates mesenchymal cell proliferation in sutures and suture closure by inducing the signaling pathways of the genes of Fgf, Pthlh, hedgehog and Wnt. Material and Methods: We summarized molecular genetics aspects of CCD. Result: Approximately 94% of CCD patients have dental anomalies, the most common of which are supernumerary tooth. Dental anomalies are not determined solely by gene mutations of RUNX2, but are also affected by modifier genes, environmental factors, epigenetic factors and copy number variations. Conclusion: a definite diagnosis of CCD should include the patient's clinical history, symptoms and signs, as well as genetic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamshid Motaei
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Genetics Research Center, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arash Salmaninejad
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Genetics Research Center, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Jamali
- Department of Biology, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Imaneh Khorsand
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ahmadvand
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sasan Shabani
- Department of Optometry, School of Para Medical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farshid Karimi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Nazari
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Golsa Ketabchi
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Naqipour
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
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20
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Dalle Carbonare L, Antoniazzi F, Gandini A, Orsi S, Bertacco J, Li Vigni V, Minoia A, Griggio F, Perduca M, Mottes M, Valenti MT. Two Novel C-Terminus RUNX2 Mutations in Two Cleidocranial Dysplasia (CCD) Patients Impairing p53 Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910336. [PMID: 34638677 PMCID: PMC8508986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD), a dominantly inherited skeletal disease, is characterized by a variable phenotype ranging from dental alterations to severe skeletal defects. Either de novo or inherited mutations in the RUNX2 gene have been identified in most CCD patients. Transcription factor RUNX2, the osteogenic master gene, plays a central role in the commitment of mesenchymal stem cells to osteoblast lineage. With the aim to analyse the effects of RUNX2 mutations in CCD patients, we investigated RUNX2 gene expression and the osteogenic potential of two CCD patients' cells. In addition, with the aim to better understand how RUNX2 mutations interfere with osteogenic differentiation, we performed string analyses to identify proteins interacting with RUNX2 and analysed p53 expression levels. Our findings demonstrated for the first time that, in addition to the alteration of downstream gene expression, RUNX2 mutations impair p53 expression affecting osteogenic maturation. In conclusion, the present work provides new insights into the role of RUNX2 mutations in CCD patients and suggests that an in-depth analysis of the RUNX2-associated gene network may contribute to better understand the complex molecular and phenotypic alterations in mutant subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Dalle Carbonare
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (L.D.C.); (S.O.); (J.B.); (V.L.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Franco Antoniazzi
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (F.A.); (A.G.)
| | - Alberto Gandini
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (F.A.); (A.G.)
| | - Silvia Orsi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (L.D.C.); (S.O.); (J.B.); (V.L.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Jessica Bertacco
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (L.D.C.); (S.O.); (J.B.); (V.L.V.); (A.M.)
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy;
| | - Veronica Li Vigni
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (L.D.C.); (S.O.); (J.B.); (V.L.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Arianna Minoia
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (L.D.C.); (S.O.); (J.B.); (V.L.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Francesca Griggio
- Centro Piattaforme Tecnologiche, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy;
| | - Massimiliano Perduca
- Biocrystallography Lab, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Monica Mottes
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy;
| | - Maria Teresa Valenti
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (L.D.C.); (S.O.); (J.B.); (V.L.V.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-045-812-8450
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21
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Identification of a Novel Mutation in the Runt-Related Transcription Factor 2 Gene in a Chinese Family With Cleidocranial Dysplasia. J Craniofac Surg 2021; 32:e541-e544. [PMID: 33538445 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000007510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is an uncommon autosomal dominant disease, characterized by hypoplasia of clavicles, delayed fontanelle closure, dental anomalies, and short stature. It has been reported in the literature that the pathogenic variants of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) gene are correlated with CCD patients.Here, we report a consanguineous Chinese family with 2 patients suffering from CCD, presenting similar skeleton and dentition malformation. Upon whole-exome sequencing, 52863 variants were detected in the propositus. Based on the genotype phenotype correlation, a frameshift deletion c.1554delG p.(Trp518Cysfs∗61), located in exon 8 of RUNX2, remained after filtration. For Sanger sequencing, all exons of the RUNX2 gene in members of this Chinese family were amplified by polymerase chain reaction. Mutation mentioned above was confirmed in the propositus and his mother, which has not been reported previously and cannot be found in the publicly available databases. The present study expands the pathogenic variant spectrum of RUNX2 gene and contributes to molecular diagnosis.
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22
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Saharudin S, Sanusi SY, Ponnuraj KT. Sequencing analysis of exons 5 and 6 in RUNX2 in non-syndromic patients with supernumerary tooth in Kelantan, Malaysia. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:1261-1268. [PMID: 34453594 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04098-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to do a sequencing analysis of RUNX2 in non-syndromic patients with supernumerary tooth. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-three patients with supernumerary tooth were identified retrospectively from 1,275 radiographic reviews who attended the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) Dental Clinic. Informed consent was obtained from the patients prior to the study. Blood samples were collected from 41 patients and DNA extractions were performed out of which 10 samples were chosen randomly for PCR amplification using designated primers for RUNX2 followed by DNA sequencing analysis. RESULTS This study involved 28 male patients (68.3%) and 13 female patients (31.7%) with a gender ratio of 2.2:1 and mean age of 15.9 ± 6.2 years. DNA extraction yielded ~ 40 ng/μl of concentrated DNA, and each DNA sample had more than 1500 bp of DNA length. The purity ranged between 1.8 and 2.0. DNA sequencing analysis did not reveal any mutations in exons 5 and 6 of RUNX2. CONCLUSION This study did not reveal any mutations in exons 5 and 6 of RUNX2 in non-syndromic patients with supernumerary tooth. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Analysis of mutations in RUNX2 is important to enhance the understanding of tooth development in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhailiza Saharudin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun, 30450, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Sarliza Yasmin Sanusi
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Kannan Thirumulu Ponnuraj
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. .,Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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23
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Korinfskaya S, Parameswaran S, Weirauch MT, Barski A. Runx Transcription Factors in T Cells-What Is Beyond Thymic Development? Front Immunol 2021; 12:701924. [PMID: 34421907 PMCID: PMC8377396 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.701924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Runx proteins (also known as Runt-domain transcription factors) have been studied for a long time as key regulators of cellular differentiation. RUNX2 has been described as essential for osteogenesis, whereas RUNX1 and RUNX3 are known to control blood cell development during different stages of cell lineage specification. However, recent studies show evidence of complex relationships between RUNX proteins, chromatin-modifying machinery, the cytoskeleton and different transcription factors in various non-embryonic contexts, including mature T cell homeostasis, inflammation and cancer. In this review, we discuss the diversity of Runx functions in mature T helper cells, such as production of cytokines and chemokines by different CD4 T cell populations; apoptosis; and immunologic memory acquisition. We then briefly cover recent findings about the contribution of RUNX1, RUNX2 and RUNX3 to various immunologic diseases. Finally, we discuss areas that require further study to better understand the role that Runx proteins play in inflammation and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Korinfskaya
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Sreeja Parameswaran
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Matthew T Weirauch
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Artem Barski
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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24
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Berkay EG, Elkanova L, Kalaycı T, Uludağ Alkaya D, Altunoğlu U, Cefle K, Mıhçı E, Nur B, Taşdelen E, Bayramoğlu Z, Karaman V, Toksoy G, Güneş N, Öztürk Ş, Palandüz Ş, Kayserili H, Tüysüz B, Uyguner ZO. Skeletal and molecular findings in 51 Cleidocranial dysplasia patients from Turkey. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:2488-2495. [PMID: 33987976 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Loss or decrease of function in runt-related transcription factor 2 encoded by RUNX2 is known to cause a rare autosomal-dominant skeletal disorder, cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD). Clinical spectrum and genetic findings in 51 CCD patients from 30 unrelated families are herein presented. In a majority of the patients, facial abnormalities, such as delayed fontanel closure (89%), parietal and frontal bossing (80%), metopic groove (77%), midface hypoplasia (94%), and abnormal mobility of shoulders (90%), were recorded following clinical examination. In approximately one-half of the subjects, wormian bone (51%), short stature (43%), bell-shaped thorax (42%), wide pubic symphysis (50%), hypoplastic iliac wing (59%), and chef's hat sign (44%) presented in available radiological examinations. Scoliosis was identified in 28% of the patients. Investigation of RUNX2 revealed small sequence alterations in 90% and gross deletions in 10% of the patients; collectively, 23 variants including 11 novel changes (c.29_30insT, c.203delAinsCG, c.423 + 2delT, c.443_454delTACCAGATGGGAinsG, c.505C > T, c.594_595delCTinsG, c.636_637insC, c.685 + 5G > A, c.1088G > T, c.1281delC, Exon 6-9 deletion) presented high allelic heterogeneity. Novel c.29_30insT is unique in affecting the P1-driven long isoform of RUNX2, which is expected to disrupt the N-terminal region of RUNX2; this was shown in two unrelated phenotypically discordant patients. The clinical findings highlighted mild intra-familial genotype-phenotype correlation in our CCD cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Gizem Berkay
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Leyla Elkanova
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tuğba Kalaycı
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Uludağ Alkaya
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Umut Altunoğlu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Medical Genetics Department, Koç University School of Medicine (KUSoM), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kıvanç Cefle
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ercan Mıhçı
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Akdeniz University Medical School, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Banu Nur
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Akdeniz University Medical School, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Elifcan Taşdelen
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zuhal Bayramoğlu
- Department of Radiology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Volkan Karaman
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Güven Toksoy
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nilay Güneş
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Şükrü Öztürk
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Şükrü Palandüz
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hülya Kayserili
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Medical Genetics Department, Koç University School of Medicine (KUSoM), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Beyhan Tüysüz
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zehra Oya Uyguner
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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25
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Papadopoulou A, Bountouvi E, Sideri V, Moutsatsou P, Skarakis NS, Doulgeraki A, Karachaliou FE. Parietal aplasia and hypophosphatasia in a child harboring a novel mutation in RUNX2 and a likely pathogenic variant in TNSALP. Bone 2021; 146:115904. [PMID: 33647526 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.115904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cleidocranial dysplasia is a dominantly inherited skeletal dysplasia resulting from inherited or spontaneous mutations of Runt-related transcription factor 2 gene (RUNX2). It represents a clinical continuum typically characterized by wide calvarial sutures, clavicular hypoplasia and dental abnormalities. CDD has been rarely associated with skeletal and biochemical features that mimic hypophosphatasia. We report clinical, biochemical and molecular profile of a 3-year-old female with CCD, presented in utero with large cranial defects. She displayed severe parietal dysplasia, wide cranial sutures, clavicular abnormalities and biochemical features of hypophospatasia (HHP). She was preliminary diagnosed with benign perinatal HHP, harboring a likely pathogenic heterozygous TNSALP variant (p.Ser181Leu) inherited by the mother, who also displayed low levels of ALP. Asfotase alfa was introduced for a six-month-period with rather positive impact on cranial ossification. Nevertheless, focal skeletal disease (cranium and clavicles) and absence of clinical symptoms in the mother, carrier of the same genetic variant, posed diagnosis into question and further genetic analysis detected the novel spontaneous frameshift mutation c.1191delC (p.Phe398Leufs*86) in RUNX2 gene, establishing the CCD diagnosis. Although genotype-phenotype correlations are difficult, p.Phe398Leufs*86 appears to be associated with a severe cranial phenotype and absence of parietal bones, similarly to other adjacent frameshift/splicing mutations. The TNSALP variant (p.Ser181Leu) may contributed to patient's final phenotype, as well as to maternal low ALP levels. However, since low ALP levels have been also reported in few CCD patients with no alterations in TNSALP gene, studies to elucidate RUNX2 and TNSALP interactions could shed more light on differential diagnosis between CCD and HHP, CCD appropriate therapy and genetic counselling. ACCESSION NUMBER: (SUB8185506).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Papadopoulou
- Third Department of Pediatrics, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, University General Hospital "Attikon", Medical School, Athens, Greece; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, University General Hospital "Attikon", Medical School, Athens, Greece.
| | - Evangelia Bountouvi
- Third Department of Pediatrics, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, University General Hospital "Attikon", Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Sideri
- Third Department of Pediatrics, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, University General Hospital "Attikon", Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Moutsatsou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, University General Hospital "Attikon", Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikitas Spyridon Skarakis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, University General Hospital "Attikon", Medical School, Athens, Greece; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, "G. Gennimatas", General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Artemis Doulgeraki
- Department of Bone and Mineral Metabolism, Institute of Child Health, Athens, Greece
| | - Fotini Eleni Karachaliou
- Third Department of Pediatrics, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, University General Hospital "Attikon", Medical School, Athens, Greece
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26
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Chen Y, Zhao X, Wu H. Transcriptional Programming in Arteriosclerotic Disease: A Multifaceted Function of the Runx2 (Runt-Related Transcription Factor 2). Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:20-34. [PMID: 33115268 PMCID: PMC7770073 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.313791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite successful therapeutic strategies in the prevention and treatment of arteriosclerosis, the cardiovascular complications remain a major clinical and societal issue worldwide. Increased vascular calcification promotes arterial stiffness and accelerates cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Upregulation of the Runx2 (Runt-related transcription factor 2), an essential osteogenic transcription factor for bone formation, in the cardiovascular system has emerged as an important regulator for adverse cellular events that drive cardiovascular pathology. This review discusses the regulatory mechanisms that are critical for Runx2 expression and function and highlights the dynamic and complex cross talks of a wide variety of posttranslational modifications, including phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification, in regulating Runx2 stability, cellular localization, and osteogenic transcriptional activity. How the activation of an array of signaling cascades by circulating and local microenvironmental factors upregulates Runx2 in vascular cells and promotes Runx2-mediated osteogenic transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells and expression of inflammatory cytokines that accelerate macrophage infiltration and vascular osteoclast formation is summarized. Furthermore, the increasing appreciation of a new role of Runx2 upregulation in promoting vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switch, and Runx2 modulated by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification and Runx2-dependent repression of smooth muscle cell-specific gene expression are discussed. Further exploring the regulation of this key osteogenic transcription factor and its new perspectives in the vasculature will provide novel insights into the transcriptional regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype switch, reprograming, and vascular inflammation that promote the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabing Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Research Department, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Xinyang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Integrative Biomedical & Diagnostic Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University School of Dentistry, Portland, Oregon 97239
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27
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Daneshjoo O, Ebrahimi P, Salehi LB, Pizzuti A, Garshasbi M. Identification of a novel RUNX2 gene mutation and early diagnosis of CCD in a cleidocranial dysplasia suspected Iranian family. Clin Case Rep 2020; 8:2333-2340. [PMID: 33363735 PMCID: PMC7752336 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.2825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This research resulted in the identification and submission of a novel RUNX2 gene mutation in the affected members of the studied pedigree. Mutation screening is an effective method for the early diagnosis of CCD in the affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Daneshjoo
- Medical Genetics GroupDepartment of Experimental Medicine“Sapienza’’ University of RomeRomeItaly
- Medical Genetics DepartmentDeNA LaboratoryTehranIran
- U.O.C. of Medical GeneticsPoliclinic of Tor VergataRomeItaly
| | - Pirooz Ebrahimi
- Universal Scientific Education and Research NetworkTehranIran
| | - Leila B. Salehi
- U.O.C. of Medical GeneticsPoliclinic of Tor VergataRomeItaly
| | - Antonio Pizzuti
- Medical Genetics GroupDepartment of Experimental Medicine“Sapienza’’ University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Masoud Garshasbi
- Medical Genetics DepartmentDeNA LaboratoryTehranIran
- Department of Medical GeneticsFaculty of Medical SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
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28
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Gao X, Li K, Fan Y, Sun Y, Luo X, Wang L, Liu H, Gong Z, Wang J, Wang Y, Gu X, Yu Y. Identification of RUNX2 variants associated with cleidocranial dysplasia. Hereditas 2019; 156:31. [PMID: 31548836 PMCID: PMC6747736 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-019-0107-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder mainly characterized by hypoplastic or absent clavicles, delayed closure of the fontanelles, multiple dental abnormalities, and short stature. Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) gene variants can cause CCD, but are not identified in all CCD patients. Methods In this study, we detected genetic variants in seven unrelated children with CCD by targeted high-throughput DNA sequencing or Sanger sequencing. Results All patients carried a RUNX2 variant, totally including three novel pathogenic variants (c.722_725delTGTT, p.Leu241Serfs*8; c.231_232delTG, Ala78Glyfs*82; c.909C > G, p.Tyr303*), three reported pathogenic variants (c.577C > T, p.Arg193*; c.574G > A, p.Gly192Arg; c.673 C > T, p.Arg225Trp), one likely pathogenic variant (c.668G > T, p.Gly223Val). The analysis of the variant source showed that all variants were de novo except the two variants (c.909C > G, p.Tyr303*; c.668G > T, p.Gly223Val) inherited from the patient’s father and mother with CCD respectively. Further bioinformatics analysis indicated that these variants could influence the structure of RUNX2 protein by changing the number of H-bonds or amino acids. The experimental result showed that the Gly223Val mutation made RUNX2 protein unable to quantitatively accumulate in the nucleus. Conclusions The present study expands the pathogenic variant spectrum of RUNX2 gene, which will contribute to the diagnosis of CCD and better genetic counseling in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueren Gao
- 1Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Kunxia Li
- 2The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong China
| | - Yanjie Fan
- 1Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Yu Sun
- 1Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Xiaomei Luo
- 1Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Lili Wang
- 1Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Huili Liu
- 1Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Zhuwen Gong
- 1Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- 1Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Yu Wang
- 1Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Xuefan Gu
- 1Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Yongguo Yu
- 1Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092 China
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29
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Hordyjewska‐Kowalczyk E, Sowińska‐Seidler A, Olech EM, Socha M, Glazar R, Kruczek A, Latos‐Bieleńska A, Tylzanowski P, Jamsheer A. Functional analysis of novel
RUNX2
mutations identified in patients with cleidocranial dysplasia. Clin Genet 2019; 96:429-438. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.13610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Hordyjewska‐Kowalczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMedical University Lublin Poland
- The Postgraduate School of Molecular MedicineMedical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
| | | | - Ewelina M. Olech
- Department of Medical GeneticsPoznan University of Medical Sciences Poznań Poland
| | - Magdalena Socha
- Department of Medical GeneticsPoznan University of Medical Sciences Poznań Poland
| | | | - Anna Kruczek
- Genetic Counseling Unit Kostyk and Kruczek Kraków Poland
| | - Anna Latos‐Bieleńska
- Department of Medical GeneticsPoznan University of Medical Sciences Poznań Poland
| | - Przemko Tylzanowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMedical University Lublin Poland
- Laboratory for Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Development and RegenerationSkeletal Biology and Engineering Research Centre, University of Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Aleksander Jamsheer
- Department of Medical GeneticsPoznan University of Medical Sciences Poznań Poland
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30
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Hashmi JA, Almatrafi A, Latif M, Nasir A, Basit S. An 18 bps in-frame deletion mutation in RUNX2 gene is a population polymorphism rather than a pathogenic variant. Eur J Med Genet 2019; 62:124-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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31
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DeLaurier A, Alvarez CL, Wiggins KJ. hdac4 mediates perichondral ossification and pharyngeal skeleton development in the zebrafish. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6167. [PMID: 30643696 PMCID: PMC6329341 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are epigenetic factors that function to repress gene transcription by removing acetyl groups from the N-terminal of histone lysines. Histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4), a class IIa HDAC, has previously been shown to regulate the process of endochondral ossification in mice via repression of Myocyte enhancer factor 2c (MEF2C), a transcriptional activator of Runx2, which in turn promotes chondrocyte maturation and production of bone by osteoblasts. Methods & Materials In this study, we generated two zebrafish lines with mutations in hdac4 using CRISPR/Cas9 and analyzed mutants for skeletal phenotypes and expression of genes known to be affected by Hdac4 expression. Results Lines have insertions causing a frameshift in a proximal exon of hdac4 and a premature stop codon. Mutations are predicted to result in aberrant protein sequence and a truncated protein, eliminating the Mef2c binding domain and Hdac domain. Zygotic mutants from two separate lines show a significant increase in ossification of pharyngeal ceratohyal cartilages at 7 days post fertilization (dpf) (p < 0.01, p < 0.001). At 4 dpf, mutant larvae have a significant increase of expression of runx2a and runx2b in the ceratohyal cartilage (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). A subset of maternal-zygotic (mz) mutant and heterozygote larvae (40%) have dramatically increased ossification at 7 dpf compared to zygotic mutants, including formation of a premature anguloarticular bone and mineralization of the first and second ceratobranchial cartilages and symplectic cartilages, which normally does not occur until fish are approximately 10 or 12 dpf. Some maternal-zygotic mutants and heterozygotes show loss of pharyngeal first arch elements (25.9% and 10.2%, respectively) and neurocranium defects (30.8% and 15.2%, respectively). Analysis of RNA-seq mRNA transcript levels and in situ hybridizations from zygotic stages to 75–90% epiboly indicates that hdac4 is highly expressed in early embryos, but diminishes by late epiboly, becoming expressed again in larval stages. Discussion Loss of function of hdac4 in zebrafish is associated with increased expression of runx2a and runx2b targets indicating that a role for hdac4 in zebrafish is to repress activation of ossification of cartilage. These findings are consistent with observations of precocious cartilage ossification in Hdac4 mutant mice, demonstrating that the function of Hdac4 in skeletal development is conserved among vertebrates. Expression of hdac4 mRNA in embryos younger than 256–512 cells indicates that there is a maternal contribution of hdac4 to the early embryo. The increase in ossification and profound loss of first pharyngeal arch elements and anterior neurocranium in a subset of maternal-zygotic mutant and heterozygote larvae suggests that maternal hdac4 functions in cartilage ossification and development of cranial neural crest-derived structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- April DeLaurier
- Department of Biology and Geology, University of South Carolina-Aiken, Aiken, SC, United States of America
| | - Cynthia Lizzet Alvarez
- Department of Biology and Geology, University of South Carolina-Aiken, Aiken, SC, United States of America
| | - Kali J Wiggins
- Department of Biology and Geology, University of South Carolina-Aiken, Aiken, SC, United States of America
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Liu Y, Sun X, Zhang X, Wang X, Zhang C, Zheng S. RUNX2 mutation impairs osteogenic differentiation of dental follicle cells. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 97:156-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Xu L, Fu Y, Zhu W, Xu R, Zhang J, Zhang P, Cheng J, Jiang H. microRNA-31 inhibition partially ameliorates the deficiency of bone marrow stromal cells from cleidocranial dysplasia. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:9472-9486. [PMID: 30506733 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) in humans is an autosomal-dominant skeletal dysplasia caused by heterozygous mutations of the runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and significantly increases the risk of osteoporosis. Increasing evidence demonstrates that the dysfunction of bone marrow stromal cells from CCD patients (BMSCs-CCD) contributes to the bone deficiency, but the characteristics of BMSCs-CCD and the mechanisms that underlie their properties remain undefined. METHODS The clinical manifestations of three CCD patients were collected and the mutations of RUNX2 were analyzed. The properties of proliferation, osteogenesis, stemness, and senescence of BMSCs-CCD were compared with that of BMSCs from healthy donors. The expression of microRNA-31 ( miR-31) between BMSCs-CCD and BMSCs was measured and lentivirus-carried miR-31 inhibitor was used to determine the role of miR-31 in BMSCs-CCD both in vitro and in vivo. The molecular mechanisms underlying RUNX2-miR31 and miR-31 targeting stemness and senescence of BMSCs-CCD were also explored. RESULTS We identified two mutation sites of RUNX2 via exome sequencing from 2 of 3 Chinese CCD patients with typical clinical presentations. Compared with BMSCs from healthy donors, BMSCs-CCD displayed significantly attenuated proliferation, osteogenesis and stemness, and enhanced senescence. Meanwhile, miR-31 knockdown could ameliorate these deficiency phenotypes of BMSCs-CCD by regulating SATB2, BMI1, CDKN, and SP7. Mechanistically, RUNX2 directly repressed miR-31 expression, and therefore RUNX2 haploinsufficiency in CCD leading to miR-31 upregulation contributed to the deficiency of BMSCs-CCD. miR-31 inhibition in BMSCs-CCD showed enhanced osteogenesis through heterotopic subcutaneous implantation in the nude mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results show the functional deficiencies of BMSCs-CCD and a potential role of miR-31 in BMSCs-CCD deficiencies. The application of miR-31 inhibitor in BMSCs-CCD might lend hope for developing BMSC-based therapeutic approaches against CCD-associated skeletal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwen Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongyao Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongbing Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Zeng L, Wei J, Zhao N, Sun S, Wang Y, Feng H. A novel 18-bp in-frame deletion mutation in RUNX2 causes cleidocranial dysplasia. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 96:243-248. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Sun X, Zhang X, Wang X, Zhang C, Zheng S. RUNX2 mutation reduces osteogenic differentiation of dental follicle cells in cleidocranial dysplasia. Mutagenesis 2018; 33:203-214. [PMID: 29947791 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gey010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Disturbed permanent tooth eruption is common in cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD), a skeletal disorder caused by heterozygous mutation of RUNX2, but the mechanism underlying is still unclear. As it is well known that dental follicle cells (DFCs) play a critical role in tooth eruption, the changed biological characteristics of DFCs might give rise to disturbance of permanent tooth eruption in CCD patients. Thus, primary DFCs from one CCD patient and normal controls were collected to investigate the effect of RUNX2 mutation on the bone remodeling activity of DFCs and explore the mechanism of impaired permanent tooth eruption in this disease. Conservation and secondary structure analysis revealed that the RUNX2 mutation (c.514delT, p.172fs) found in the present CCD patient was located in the highly conserved RUNT domain and converted the structure of RUNX2. After osteogenic induction, we found that the mineralised capacity of DFCs and the expression of osteoblast-related genes, including RUNX2, ALP, OSX, OCN and Col Iα1, in DFCs was severely interfered by the RUNX2 mutation found in CCD patients. To investigate whether the osteogenic deficiency of DFCs from the CCD patient can be rescued by RUNX2 restoration, we performed 'rescue' experiments. Surprisingly, the osteogenic deficiency and the abnormal expression of osteoblast-associated genes in DFCs from the CCD patient were almost rescued by overexpression of wild-type RUNX2 using lentivirus. All these findings indicate that RUNX2 mutation can reduce the osteogenic capacity of DFCs through inhibiting osteoblast-associated genes, thereby disturbing alveolar bone formation, which serves as a motive force for tooth eruption. This effect may provide valuable explanations and implications for the mechanism of delayed permanent tooth eruption in CCD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yixiang Wang
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiangyu Sun
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xianli Zhang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, PR China
- Department of Stomatology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Xicheng District, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaozhe Wang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chenying Zhang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shuguo Zheng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, PR China
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Ma D, Wang X, Guo J, Zhang J, Cai T. Identification of a novel mutation of RUNX2 in a family with supernumerary teeth and craniofacial dysplasia by whole-exome sequencing: A case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e11328. [PMID: 30095610 PMCID: PMC6133463 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000011328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Supernumerary teeth are those that teeth in excess number than the normal count. It is usually associated with genetic syndromes when present in more numbers. Several causal genes, such as APC, NHS, TRPS1, EVC and RUNX2, have been identified. However, etiology of supernumerary teeth remains largely unclear. PATIENT CONCERNS A family with the clinical diagnosis of supernumerary teeth, short stature and craniofacial dysplasia was examined. DIAGNOSES Molecular genetic analysis found that mutation occurred in the RUNX2 gene. On the basis of this finding and clinical manifestations, the final diagnosis of cleidocranial dysplasia was made. INTERVENTIONS Whole exome sequencing (WES) of DNA samples was performed to identify the disease-causing mutation, including the affected child and mother as well as the healthy father. OUTCOMES A novel mutation of RUNX2 (c.473C>A; p.A158E) was identified in both patients, but not in normal family member and in-house database containing 3,000 Chinese Han individuals WES. This mutation was further confirmed by Sanger sequencing and predicted to be deleterious by several commonly used algorithms, including SIFT, PPT-2, MutationTaster and Proven. Furthermore, phenotype-genotype correlation analyses of all published 239 cases with different mutations in RUNX2 revealed significant association of supernumerary teeth and facial dysplasia with the Runt domain of the encoded protein. LESSONS This is the first WES study to identify genetic cause in Chinese patients with a novel RUNX2 mutation. Our findings expanded the mutation spectrum and clinical features of the disease and facilitated clinic diagnosis and genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ma
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Experimental Medicine Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Xuxia Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong
| | - Jun Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Center for Medical Genetics, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Cai
- Experimental Medicine Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
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Liu Y, Zhang X, Sun X, Wang X, Zhang C, Zheng S. Abnormal bone remodelling activity of dental follicle cells from a cleidocranial dysplasia patient. Oral Dis 2018; 24:1270-1281. [PMID: 29787635 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the role of dental follicle cells (DFCs) with a novel cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) causative gene RUNX2 mutation (DFCsRUNX2+/m ) in delayed permanent tooth eruption. MATERIALS AND METHODS A CCD patient with typical clinical features was involved in this study. DFCsRUNX2+/m were cultured and DNA was extracted for RUNX2 mutation screening. Measurements of cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, alizarin red staining and osteoblast-specific genes expression were performed to assess osteogenesis of DFCsRUNX2+/m . Co-culture of DFCs and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), followed tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, real-time PCR and western blot were performed to evaluate osteoclast-inductive capacity of DFCsRUNX2+/m . RESULTS A missense RUNX2 mutation (c. 557G>C) was found in DFCsRUNX2+/m from the CCD patient. Compared with normal controls, this mutation did not affect the proliferation of DFCsRUNX2+/m , but down-regulated the expression of osteogenesis-related genes, leading to a decrease in ALP activity and mineralisation. Co-culture results showed that DFCsRUNX2+/m reduced the formation of TRAP+ multinucleated cells and the expression of osteoclastogenesis-associated genes. Furthermore, the mutation reduced the ratio of RANKL/OPG in DFCsRUNX2+/m . CONCLUSIONS DFCsRUNX2+/m disturbs bone remodelling activity during tooth eruption through RANK/RANKL/OPG signalling pathway and may thus be responsible for impaired permanent tooth eruption in CCD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xianli Zhang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Stomatology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyu Sun
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaozhe Wang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Chenying Zhang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Shuguo Zheng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
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38
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Zeng L, Wei J, Han D, Liu H, Liu Y, Zhao N, Sun S, Wang Y, Feng H. Functional analysis of novel RUNX2 mutations in cleidocranial dysplasia. Mutagenesis 2018; 32:437-443. [PMID: 28505335 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gex012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare autosomal dominant skeletal disorder caused by mutation of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) gene. The purpose of this study was to explore novel RUNX2 mutations in seven individuals with CCD and investigate the function of the mutant RUNX2 proteins. DNA samples were prepared from the peripheral blood of the CCD individuals, and then subjected to DNA sequencing. Conservation and secondary structure analysis were performed based on RUNX2 sequencing results. pEGFP-C1 plasmids containing GFP-tagged wild-type RUNX2 and three novel RUNX2 mutations expression cassettes were constructed, and then transfected into HEK293T cells. Cell fluorescence, luciferase assay and western blotting were used to analyse the subcellular distribution and function of the mutant RUNX2 proteins. Three novel mutations (R193G, 258fs, Y400X) were found in the seven CCD patients. Conservation and structure analysis show one novel mutation (R193G) in Runt domain and two novel mutations (258fs and Y400X) in PST domain of RUNX2. Western blotting confirmed that the 258fs and Y400X mutations produced truncated proteins. Fluorescence detection showed that the three novel mutants localised exclusively in the nucleus. However, luciferase assay indicated all mutants severely impaired the transactivation activities of RUNX2 on osteocalcin promoter. Our results broaden the spectrum of RUNX2 mutations in CCD individuals and demonstrated that loss of function in RUNX2 is responsible for CCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zeng
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jiahui Wei
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Dong Han
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Haochen Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shichen Sun
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yixiang Wang
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hailan Feng
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
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Mutant Runx2 regulates amelogenesis and osteogenesis through a miR-185-5p-Dlx2 axis. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:3221. [PMID: 29242628 PMCID: PMC5870583 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0078-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of microRNAs (miRNA) has been extensively investigated in diseases; however, little is known about the roles of miRNAs in cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD). The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential involvement of miRNAs in CCD. In vitro site-directed mutagenesis was performed to construct three mutant Runx2 expression vectors, which were then transfected into LS8 cells and MC3T3-E1 cells, to determine the impact on amelogenesis and osteogenesis, respectively. miRCURY LNA miRNA microarray identify miR-185-5p as a miRNA target commonly induced by all three Runx2 mutants. Real-time quantitative PCR was applied to determine the expression of miR-185-5p and Dlx2 in samples. Dual-luciferase reporter assays were conducted to confirm Dlx2 as a legitimate target of miR-185-5p. The suppressive effect of miR-185-5p on amelogenesis and osteogenesis of miR-185-5p was evaluated by RT-PCR and western blot examination of Amelx, Enam, Klk4, and Mmp20 gene and protein expression, and by Alizarin Red stain. We found that mutant Runx2 suppressed amelogenesis and osteogenesis. miR-185-5p, induced by Runx2, suppressed amelogenesis and osteogenesis. Furthermore, we identified Dlx2 as direct target of miR-185-5p. Consistently, Dlx2 expression was inversely correlated with miR-185-5p levels. This study highlights the molecular etiology and significance of miR-185-5p in CCD, and suggests that targeting miR-185-5p may represent a new therapeutic strategy in prevention or intervention of CCD.
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Abstract
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is an autosomal-dominant malformation syndrome affecting bones and teeth. The most common skeletal and dental abnormalities in affected individuals are hypoplastic/aplastic clavicles, open fontanelles, short stature, retention of primary teeth, delayed eruption of permanent teeth, supernumerary teeth, and multiple impacted teeth. Treatment of CCD requires a multidisciplinary approach that may include dental corrections, orthognathic surgery and cranioplasty along with management of any complications of CCD. Early diagnosis of this condition enables application of the treatment strategy that provides the best quality of life to such patients. Notably, Runx2 gene mutations have been identified in CCD patients. Therefore, further elucidation of the molecular mechanism of supernumerary teeth formation related to Runx2 mutations may improve understanding of dental development in CCD. The insights into CCD pathogenesis may assist in the development of new treatments for CCD.
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Hordyjewska E, Jaruga A, Kandzierski G, Tylzanowski P. Novel Mutation of the RUNX2 Gene in Patients with Cleidocranial Dysplasia. Mol Syndromol 2017; 8:253-260. [PMID: 28878609 DOI: 10.1159/000477307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is an autosomal dominant disorder linked to mutations in the Runt-related transcription factor 2, encoded by the RUNX2 gene, which is essential for osteoblast differentiation and skeletal development. Here, we describe a novel nonsense mutation (c.532C>T; p.Q178X) in RUNX2 identified in 3 affected members of a Polish family with CCD. The localization and transcriptional transactivation studies show that the mutated form of the protein has altered the subcellular localization and significantly decreased transactivation properties, respectively. Consequently, our data show that the c.532C>T mutation generates a defective RUNX2 protein and is genetically linked to the CCD phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Hordyjewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Jaruga
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kandzierski
- Children's Orthopedic Clinic and Rehabilitation Department, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Przemko Tylzanowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.,Laboratory for Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Centre, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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42
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Kulczyk T, Przystańska A, Rewekant A, Turska-Malińska R, Czajka-Jakubowska A. Maxillary sinuses and midface in patients with cleidocranial dysostosis. Ann Anat 2017; 215:78-82. [PMID: 28889021 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The cleidocranial dysplasia is general skeletal disorder with an autosomal dominant inheritance. It is manifested by many craniofacial abnormalities, of which the maxillary hypoplasia is the most evident. The aim of the study was to use CBCT to evaluate the volume of the maxillary sinuses and the dimensions of maxillae in patients with CCD and compare them with healthy individuals. Files of four children with cleidocranial dysplasia were investigated. Volume of every maxillary sinus as well as two dimensional measurements of distances between particular points of interest located on surface of maxilla were calculated from reconstructed CBCT examination. Data were compared with a control group. Statistical analysis was performed. Linear and volumetric data obtained using CBCT was collected and compared with a control group. All affected children had both maxillary sinus volume and maxillary dimensions smaller than control values. The maxillary sinuses were underdeveloped up to half of normal values. The largest differences were recorded in vertical linear dimensions of the maxillae. Horizontal dimensions were also lower. There are morphological modifications of bone tissue which accompany CCD. It seems that these changes occur on the midfacial region and to a greater extent concern the maxillary sinus volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kulczyk
- Section of Dental Radiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Przystańska
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Division of Prosthodontics, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Artur Rewekant
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health Preservation, State University of Applied Sciences, Konin, Poland
| | - Renata Turska-Malińska
- Department of Maxillofacial Orthopaedics and Orthodontics, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agata Czajka-Jakubowska
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Division of Prosthodontics, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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43
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Jung YJ, Bae HS, Ryoo HM, Baek SH. A novel RUNX2 mutation in exon 8, G462X, in a patient with Cleidocranial Dysplasia. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:1152-1162. [PMID: 28703881 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To identify a novel mutation of Runx2 gene in Cleidocranial Dysplasia (CCD) patients and to characterize the functional consequences of this mutation. The subjects consisted of 12 Korean CCD patients. After oral epithelial cells were collected using a mouthwash technique, genomic DNA was extracted. Screening for Runx2 mutation was performed using direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products for exons 1-8. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was performed to confirm the novel mutation. For functional studies, we performed luciferase assay for Runx2 transacting activity, cyclohexamide chase assay for Runx2 protein stability, real-time PCR for mRNA level of Runx2 downstream bone marker genes, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining assay in mesenchymal stem cells for osteoblast differentiation. Of the 12 patients, seven showed Runx2 mutations reported previously and four showed no mutation. A novel mutation, G462X in exon 8, which was located in the C-terminus of proline/serine/threonine-rich (PST) domain, was found in one patient. In the luciferase assay, Runx2 transacting activity was decreased in Runx2-G462X transfected cells. In the cyclohexamide chase assay, Runx2-G462X mutation reduced the stability of Runx2 protein. Expression of the bone marker genes (osteocalcin, ALP, Type I collagen αI, matrix metalloproteinase-13, bone sialoprotein, and osteopontin) decreased in G462X-transfected cells. In the ALP staining assay, osteoblast differentiation was reduced in Runx2-G462X overexpressed cell. The G462X mutation might reduce the Runx2 transacting activity, lower the protein stability, downgrade the expression of bone marker genes, and eventually diminish osteoblast differentiation in CCD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Jung
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Sol Bae
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Mo Ryoo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hak Baek
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Osteogenesis is a complex process involving the specification of multiple progenitor cells and their maturation and differentiation into matrix-secreting osteoblasts. Osteogenesis occurs not only during embryogenesis but also during growth, after an injury, and in normal homeostatic maintenance. While much is known about osteogenesis-associated regulatory genes, the role of microRNAs (miRNAs), which are epigenetic regulators of protein expression, is just beginning to be explored. While miRNAs do not abrogate all protein expression, their purpose is to finely tune it, allowing for a timely and temporary protein down-regulation. RECENT FINDINGS The last decade has unveiled a multitude of miRNAs that regulate key proteins within the osteogenic lineage, thus qualifying them as "ostemiRs." These miRNAs may endogenously target an activator or inhibitor of differentiation, and depending on the target, may either lead to the prolongation of a progenitor maintenance state or to early differentiation. Interestingly, cellular identity seems intimately coupled to the expression of miRNAs, which participate in the suppression of previous and subsequent differentiation steps. In such cases where key osteogenic proteins were identified as direct targets of miRNAs in non-bone cell types, or through bioinformatic prediction, future research illuminating the activity of these miRNAs during osteogenesis will be extremely valuable. Many bone-related diseases involve the dysregulation of transcription factors or other proteins found within osteoblasts and their progenitors, and the dysregulation of miRNAs, which target such factors, may play a pivotal role in disease etiology, or even as a possible therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R Sera
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience and Stem Cell Center, College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside, 1113 Biological Sciences Building, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Nicole I Zur Nieden
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience and Stem Cell Center, College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside, 1113 Biological Sciences Building, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
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Zhang X, Liu Y, Wang X, Sun X, Zhang C, Zheng S. Analysis of novel RUNX2 mutations in Chinese patients with cleidocranial dysplasia. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181653. [PMID: 28738062 PMCID: PMC5524338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is an autosomal dominant inheritable skeletal disorder characterized by cranial dysplasia, clavicle hypoplasia and dental abnormalities. This disease is mainly caused by heterozygous mutations in RUNX2, a gene that encodes an osteoblast-specific transcription factor. In the present study, mutational analyses of RUNX2 gene were performed on four unrelated Chinese patients with CCD. Four different RUNX2 mutations were detected in these patients, including one nonsense mutation (c.199C>T p.Q67X) and three missense mutations (c.338T>G p.L113R, c.557G>C p.R186T and c.673C>T p.R225W). Among them, two mutations (c.199C>T p.Q67X and c.557G>C p.R186T) were novel and the other two had been reported in previous literatures. Except for Q67X mutation located in the Q/A domain, other three mutations were clustered within the highly conserved Runt domain. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) and RUNX2 fusion protein analyses in vitro showed that nuclear accumulation of RUNX2 protein was disturbed by Q67X mutation, while the other two mutations (c.338T>G p.L113R and c.557G>C p.R186T) had no effects on the subcellular distribution of RUNX2. Luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that all the three novel RUNX2 mutations significantly reduced the transactivation activity of RUNX2 on osteocalcin promoter. Our findings enrich the evidence of molecular genetics that the mutations of RUNX2 gene are responsible for CCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianli Zhang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaozhe Wang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiangyu Sun
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chenying Zhang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
- * E-mail: (SGZ); (CYZ)
| | - Shuguo Zheng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
- * E-mail: (SGZ); (CYZ)
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Xu W, Chen Q, Liu C, Chen J, Xiong F, Wu B. A novel, complex RUNX2 gene mutation causes cleidocranial dysplasia. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2017; 18:13. [PMID: 28173761 PMCID: PMC5297198 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-017-0375-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Haploinsufficiency of the runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) gene is known to cause cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD). Here, we investigated a complex, heterozygous RUNX2 gene mutation in a Chinese family with CCD and the pathogenesis associated with the variations. Methods Genomic DNA extracted from peripheral venous blood was taken from the proband, her parents and 3 siblings, and 150 normal controls. Analysis of their respective RUNX2 gene sequences was performed by PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing. Pathogenesis associated with RUNX2 mutations was investigated by performing bioinformatics, real-time PCR, western blot analysis, and subcellular localization studies. Results We identified 2 complex heterozygous mutations involving a c.398–399 insACAGCAGCAGCAGCA insertion and a c.411–412 insG frameshift mutation in exon 3 of the RUNX2 gene. The frameshift mutation changed the structure of the RUNX2 protein while did not affect its expression at the mRNA level. Transfection of HEK293T cells with a plasmid expressing the RUNX2 variant decreased the molecular weight of the variant RUNX2 protein, compared with that of the wild-type protein. Subcellular localization assays showed both nuclear and cytoplasmic localization for the mutant protein, while the wild-type protein localized to the nucleus. Conclusions Our findings demonstrated that the novel c.398–399insACAGCAGCAGCAGCA mutation occurred alongside the c.411–412insG frameshift mutation, which resulted in RUNX2 truncation. RUNX2 haploinsufficiency was associated with CCD pathogenesis. These results extend the known mutational spectrum of the RUNX2 gene and suggest a functional role of the novel mutation in CCD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen'an Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, College of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiuyue Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, College of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Cuixian Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiajing Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, College of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fu Xiong
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Buling Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, College of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Qin XY, Jia PZ, Zhao HX, Li WR, Chen F, Lin JX. Novel Mutation of Cleidocranial Dysplasia-related Frameshift Runt-related Transcription Factor 2 in a Sporadic Chinese Case. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 130:165-170. [PMID: 28091408 PMCID: PMC5282673 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.197996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is an autosomal dominant disease that affects the skeletal system. Common symptoms of CCD include hypoplasia or aplasia of the clavicles, delayed or even absent closure of the fontanels, midface hypoplasia, short stature, and delayed eruption of permanent and supernumerary teeth. Previous studies reported a connection between CCD and the haploinsufficiency of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2). Here, we report a sporadic Chinese case presenting typical symptoms of CCD. METHODS We made genetic testing on this sporadic Chinese case and identified a novel RUNX2 frameshift mutation: c.1111dupT. In situ immunofluorescence microscopy and osteocalcin promoter luciferase assay were performed to compare the functions of the RUNX2 mutation with those of wild-type RUNX2. RESULTS RUNX2 mutation was observed in the perinuclear region, cytoplasm, and nuclei. In contrast, wild-type RUNX2 was confined in the nuclei, which indicated that the subcellular compartmentalization of RUNX2 mutation was partially perturbed. The transactivation function on osteocalcin promoter of the RUNX2 mutation was obviously abrogated. CONCLUSIONS We identified a sporadic CCD patient carrying a novel insertion/frameshift mutation of RUNX2. This finding expanded our understanding of CCD-related phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yan Qin
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Pei-Zeng Jia
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hua-Xiang Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wei-Ran Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiu-Xiang Lin
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
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Callea M, Fattori F, Bertini ES, Cammarata-Scalisi F, Callea F, Bellacchio E. Blood malignancies presenting with mutations at equivalent residues in RUNX1-2 suggest a common leukemogenic pathway. Leuk Lymphoma 2017; 58:2002-2004. [PMID: 28093006 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2016.1274980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Callea
- a Unit of Dentistry , Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS , Rome , Italy
| | - Fabiana Fattori
- b Unit for Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine , Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Enrico Silvio Bertini
- b Unit for Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine , Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Francisco Cammarata-Scalisi
- c Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine , University of The Andes , Mérida , Venezuela
| | - Francesco Callea
- d Department of Pathology , Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS , Rome , Italy
| | - Emanuele Bellacchio
- e Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS , Rome , Italy
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Sun X, Wang X, Zhang C, Liu Y, Yang X, Yan W, Liu Z, Wang Y, Zheng S. RUNX2 mutation impairs bone remodelling of dental follicle cells and periodontal ligament cells in patients with cleidocranial dysplasia. Mutagenesis 2016; 31:677-685. [PMID: 27509906 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gew039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
RUNX2 is an important osteo-specific factor with crucial functions in bone formation and remodelling as well as resorption of teeth. Heterozygous mutation of RUNX2 can cause cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD), a systemic disease with extensive skeletal dysplasia and abnormality of tooth growth. In our study, dental follicle cells (DFCs) and periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) were isolated, cultured and identified from one patient with CCD and compared with normal controls. This CCD patient was confirmed to have a heterozygous frameshift mutation of RUNX2 (c.514delT, p.Ser172fs) in the previous study. The results showed that the proliferation abilities of DFCs and PDLCs were both disturbed by the RUNX2 mutation in the CCD patient compared with the normal control. A co-culture system of these cells with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells was then used to investigate the effect of RUNX2 mutation on osteoclastogenesis. We found that the RUNX2 mutation in CCD reduced the expression of osteoclast-related genes, such as RUNX2, CTR, CTSK, RANKL and OPG The ability of osteoclastogenesis in DFCs and PDLCs detected by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining in the co-culture system was also reduced by the RUNX2 mutation compared with the normal control. These outcomes indicate that the RUNX2 mutation disturbs the modulatory effects of DFCs and PDLCs on the differentiation of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, thereby interfering with bone remodelling. These effects may contribute in part to the pathological manifestations of retention of primary teeth and delayed eruption of permanent teeth in patients with CCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Sun
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhe Wang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenying Zhang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 5 Haiyuncang Lane, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Yan
- Outpatient Center of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, A37 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongning Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China and
| | - Yixiang Wang
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuguo Zheng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China,
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