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Li Y, Luo L, Wang W, Hong B, Ma Y, Wang J. Characterization of a cell wall hydrolase with high activity against vegetative cells, spores and biofilm of Bacillus cereus. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 414:110617. [PMID: 38335884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Bacillus cereus is a prevalent foodborne pathogen that induces food poisoning symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhea. Its capacity to form spores and biofilm enables it to withstand disinfectants and antimicrobials, leading to persistent contamination during food processing. Consequently, it is necessary to develop novel and efficient antimicrobial agents to control B. cereus, its spores, and biofilms. Peptidoglycan hydrolases have emerged as a promising and eco-friendly alternative owing to their specific lytic activity against pathogenic bacteria. Here, we identified and characterized a Lysozyme-like cell wall hydrolase Lys14579, from the genome of B. cereus ATCC 14579. Recombinant Lys14579 specifically lysed B. cereus without affecting other bacteria. Lys14579 exhibited strong lytic activity against B. cereus, effectively lysing B. cereus cell within 20 min at low concentration (10 μg/mL). It also inhibited the germination of B. cereus spores and prevented biofilm formation at 12.5 μg/mL. Moreover, Lys14579 displayed good antimicrobial stability with negligible hemolysis in mouse red blood cells and no cytotoxicity against RAW264.7 cells. Notably, Lys14579 effectively inhibited B. cereus in boiled rice and minced meat in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis and point mutagenesis experiments revealed that Glu-47 was the catalytic site, and Asp-57, Gln-60, Ser-61 and Glu-63 were active-site residues related with the cell wall lytic activity. Taken together, Lys14579 could be a promising biocontrol agent against vegetative cells, spores, and biofilm of B. cereus in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Li
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lun Luo
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenhai Wang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bin Hong
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yi Ma
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jufang Wang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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2
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Little JS, Coughlin C, Hsieh C, Lanza M, Huang WY, Kumar A, Dandawate T, Tucker R, Gable P, Vazquez Deida AA, Moulton-Meissner H, Stevens V, McAllister G, Ewing T, Diaz M, Glowicz J, Winkler ML, Pecora N, Kubiak DW, Pearson JC, Luskin MR, Sherman AC, Woolley AE, Brandeburg C, Bolstorff B, McHale E, Fortes E, Doucette M, Smole S, Bunnell C, Gross A, Platt D, Desai S, Fiumara K, Issa NC, Baden LR, Rhee C, Klompas M, Baker MA. Neuroinvasive Bacillus cereus Infection in Immunocompromised Hosts: Epidemiologic Investigation of 5 Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Open Forum Infect Dis 2024; 11:ofae048. [PMID: 38434615 PMCID: PMC10906701 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Bacillus cereus is a ubiquitous gram-positive rod-shaped bacterium that can cause sepsis and neuroinvasive disease in patients with acute leukemia or neutropenia. Methods A single-center retrospective review was conducted to evaluate patients with acute leukemia, positive blood or cerebrospinal fluid test results for B cereus, and abnormal neuroradiographic findings between January 2018 and October 2022. Infection control practices were observed, environmental samples obtained, a dietary case-control study completed, and whole genome sequencing performed on environmental and clinical Bacillus isolates. Results Five patients with B cereus neuroinvasive disease were identified. All patients had acute myeloid leukemia (AML), were receiving induction chemotherapy, and were neutropenic. Neurologic involvement included subarachnoid or intraparenchymal hemorrhage or brain abscess. All patients were treated with ciprofloxacin and survived with limited or no neurologic sequelae. B cereus was identified in 7 of 61 environmental samples and 1 of 19 dietary protein samples-these were unrelated to clinical isolates via sequencing. No point source was identified. Ciprofloxacin was added to the empiric antimicrobial regimen for patients with AML and prolonged or recurrent neutropenic fevers; no new cases were identified in the ensuing year. Conclusions B cereus is ubiquitous in the hospital environment, at times leading to clusters with unrelated isolates. Fastidious infection control practices addressing a range of possible exposures are warranted, but their efficacy is unknown and they may not be sufficient to prevent all infections. Thus, including B cereus coverage in empiric regimens for patients with AML and persistent neutropenic fever may limit the morbidity of this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Little
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cassie Coughlin
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Infection Control, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Candace Hsieh
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Infection Control, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Meaghan Lanza
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Infection Control, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wan Yi Huang
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Infection Control, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aishwarya Kumar
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Infection Control, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tanvi Dandawate
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Infection Control, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert Tucker
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Infection Control, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paige Gable
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Axel A Vazquez Deida
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Heather Moulton-Meissner
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Valerie Stevens
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Gillian McAllister
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Thomas Ewing
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Maria Diaz
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Janet Glowicz
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Marisa L Winkler
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Microbiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicole Pecora
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Microbiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David W Kubiak
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Pearson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marlise R Luskin
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amy C Sherman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ann E Woolley
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Barbara Bolstorff
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eileen McHale
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Esther Fortes
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew Doucette
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sandra Smole
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Craig Bunnell
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anne Gross
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dana Platt
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sonali Desai
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Quality and Safety, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karen Fiumara
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Infection Control, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicolas C Issa
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lindsey R Baden
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chanu Rhee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Infection Control, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Healthcare Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Klompas
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Infection Control, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Healthcare Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Meghan A Baker
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Infection Control, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Healthcare Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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3
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Peláez Bejarano A, García de Lomas JM, Franco-Huertas M, Martínez-Marcos FJ, Jiménez-Hidalgo A. Successful treatment of postsurgical meningitis caused by Bacillus cereus: a case report and literature review. J Chemother 2023; 35:570-575. [PMID: 36484492 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2022.2153317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus cereus is a spore-forming, gram-positive bacterium that is ubiquitous in the environment. Central nervous system involvement with B. cereus is rare. Despite aggressive treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics and using them appropriately, the mortality is high. A 72-year-old patient suffered a central nervous system infection associated with postsurgical meningitis and was successfully treated with a novel antibiotic therapy. This study includes the first case report of postsurgical B. cereus meningitis in the last ten years. It provides a different line of treatment to the previous ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Peláez Bejarano
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Farmacia, Área de Gestión Sanitaria Norte de Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - J M García de Lomas
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Juan Ramón Jiménez, Huelva, Spain
| | - M Franco-Huertas
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Juan Ramón Jiménez, Huelva, Spain
| | - F J Martínez-Marcos
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Juan Ramón Jiménez, Huelva, Spain
| | - A Jiménez-Hidalgo
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Juan Ramón Jiménez, Huelva, Spain
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4
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Wang Z, Xia H, Fan F, Zhang J, Liu H, Cao J. Survival of community-acquired Bacillus cereus sepsis with venous sinus thrombosis in an immunocompetent adult man - a case report and literature review. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:213. [PMID: 37024789 PMCID: PMC10080751 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacillus cereus infections in immunocompetent patients are uncommon and mainly observed in fragile patients. It can cause lethal infections with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). However, a patient presenting as venous sinus thrombosis and survival without sequela has not been reported. CASE PRESENTATION A 20-year-old previously healthy male developed gastroenteritis after a meal, followed by fever, convulsions, and severe disturbance of consciousness. The patient had significant leukocytosis with a mildly elevated D-dimer, creatinine level, and respiratory failure. The CT(computed tomography) revealed fatal brain edema and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Previous blood culture in a local hospital revealed B. cereus, which was confirmed by mNGS(metagenomic next-generation sequencing) using blood and urine in our hospital. Accordingly, B. cereus sepsis with MODS were considered. Later, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis was proved. After anti-infection (linezolid 0.6 g, Q12h; and meropenem 1.0 g, Q8h), anti-coagulant (enoxaparin 6000U, Q12h), and other symptomatic treatments, the patient recovered completely without sequela at the 6-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS This case suggests that in immunocompetent adults, there is still a risk of infection with B. cereus, causing severe MODS. Special attention should be paid to venous sinus thrombosis and subarachnoid hemorrhage in such cases, while, anti-coagulant is essential therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengrong Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Han Xia
- Department of Scientific Affairs, Hugo Biotech Co., Ltd., No.1, East Disheng Road, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Fangfang Fan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
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5
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Aoyagi R, Okita K, Uda K, Ikegawa K, Yuza Y, Horikoshi Y. Natto intake is a risk factor of Bacillus subtilis bacteremia among children undergoing chemotherapy for childhood cancer: A case-control study. J Infect Chemother 2023; 29:329-332. [PMID: 36585273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natto, a popular, daily food in Japan, is made from soybeans fermented by Bacillus subtilis. The aim of this retrospective case-control study (matched 1: 4) is to determine whether natto intake is a risk factor of B. subtilis bacteremia in this population. METHODS The retrospective, matched case-control study was conducted at Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center between April 2012 and June 2020 and included pediatric patients younger than 15 years who received chemotherapy for cancer. Patients who received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were excluded. Patients with B. subtilis bacteremia were compared with controls matched for age and underlying diseases. Dietary information within seven days from the date of blood culture collection was extracted from medical records. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to define the risk factors of B. subtilis bacteremia. RESULTS In total, 23 patients with B. subtilis bacteremia were identified and matched to 92 controls. The percentage of patients and controls who ingested natto within seven days from the date of blood culture collection was 78% and 50%, respectively. On univariate analysis, the odds ratio of natto intake for B. subtilis bacteremia was 3.6 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2-10.5). Multivariable logistic regression tests after controlling for neutropenia revealed that B. subtilis bacteremia was associated significantly with natto intake at odds ratio 3.3 (95% CI: 1.1-9.6). CONCLUSION Natto intake was associated with B. subtilis bacteremia during chemotherapy for childhood cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Aoyagi
- Department of General Pediatrics, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Keiko Okita
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Uda
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Hospital, Japan
| | - Kento Ikegawa
- Clinical Research Support Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Yuza
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuho Horikoshi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
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Deusdará TT, Felix MKC, Brito HS, Ribeiro DR, Cangussu EWS, Albuquerque B, Santos GR, Chaves JR, Carvalho WCR, Astolfi-Filho S, Assunção EN, Mariúba LAM, Nogueira PA, Viana KF, Brandi IV, Cangussu ASR. Resistance determinants of emerging pathogens isolated from an intensive care unit as a parameter of population health conditions of the Legal Amazon microregion. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e269778. [PMID: 37018840 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.269778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract Bacteria responsible for causing infections are common in hospital environments, water, soil, and food products. The infection risk is intensified by the absence of public sanitation, poor quality of life, and food scarcity. These external factors promote the dissemination of pathogens by direct contamination or biofilm formation. In this work, we identified bacterial isolates obtained from intensive care units in the southern region of Tocantins, Brazil. We compared matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) techniques and 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) molecular analysis; we also performed phenotypic characterization. Fifty-six isolates characterized using morphotinctorial tests were classified as gram-positive (80.4%; n = 45) and gram-negative (19.6%; n = 11) and were resistant to several antibiotic classes; notably, we identified the blaOXA-23 resistance gene in the ILH10 isolate. Microbial identification using MALDI-TOF MS resulted in the identification of Sphingomonas paucimobilis and Bacillus circulans. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed four isolates belonging to the genera Bacillus and Acinetobacter. The similarity was superior to 99% for Acinetobacter schindleri in the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST), grouped in the clade superior to 90%. Several strains isolated from intensive care units (ICU) were resistant to various antibiotic classes. These techniques allowed for the identification of several microorganisms of importance in public health, enabling improvements in human infection control and proving the quality of inputs, food, and water.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - G. R. Santos
- Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - K. F. Viana
- Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Brasil
| | | | - A. S. R. Cangussu
- Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Brasil
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Tokano M, Tarumoto N, Imai K, Sakai J, Maeda T, Kawamura T, Seo K, Takahashi K, Yamamoto T, Maesaki S. A Case of Bacterial Meningitis Caused by Bacillus subtilis var. natto. Intern Med 2022. [PMID: 36418098 PMCID: PMC10372276 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.0768-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A 67-year-old woman with a 2-day history of a fever, headache and disturbed consciousness was admitted to our hospital. Bacillus subtilis was isolated from both the cerebrospinal fluid and blood. She was cured by the administration of vancomycin. Next-generation sequencing identified the strain as B. subtilis var. natto, the same strain found in natto, which this patient ate daily. We suspected that some of the B. subtilis that caused the infection may have actually been B. subtilis var. natto.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieko Tokano
- Department of Infectious Disease and Infection Control, Saitama Medical University, Japan
- Departments of Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Japan
| | - Norihito Tarumoto
- Department of Infectious Disease and Infection Control, Saitama Medical University, Japan
| | - Kazuo Imai
- Department of Infectious Disease and Infection Control, Saitama Medical University, Japan
| | - Jun Sakai
- Department of Infectious Disease and Infection Control, Saitama Medical University, Japan
| | - Takuya Maeda
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Saitama Medical University, Japan
| | - Toru Kawamura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Saitama Medical University, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Seo
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Japan
| | - Kazushi Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Yamamoto
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Japan
| | - Shigefumi Maesaki
- Department of Infectious Disease and Infection Control, Saitama Medical University, Japan
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8
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Kato A, Yoshifuji A, Komori K, Aoki K, Taniyama D, Komatsu M, Fujii K, Yamada K, Ishii Y, Kikuchi T, Ryuzaki M. A case of Bacillus subtilis var. natto bacteremia caused by ingestion of natto during COVID-19 treatment in a maintenance hemodialysis patient with multiple myeloma. J Infect Chemother 2022; 28:1212-1215. [PMID: 35618619 PMCID: PMC9691286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A 70-year-old woman, who started on hemodialysis 7 months before for end-stage renal disease due to diabetic nephropathy and was diagnosed with symptomatic multiple myeloma 1 month before, was admitted to our hospital with critical coronavirus disease 2019 and treated with long-term immunosuppressive therapy such as steroids and tocilizumab. During treatment, Bacillus subtilis was detected in the blood cultures. We could not exclude the association of natto (fermented soybeans) with B. subtilis var. natto, which the patient had been eating every day from 8 days after admission. She was prohibited from eating natto and treated with vancomycin. Later, B. subtilis detected in the blood culture was identified as B. subtilis var. natto, which was identical with those contained in the natto that the patient consumed daily using a next-generation sequencer. Gut dysbiosis due to old age, malignant tumor, diabetes mellitus, end-stage renal disease, and intestinal inflammation caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 increased intestinal permeability and the risk of bacterial translocation, causing B. subtilis var. natto bacteremia. Therefore, careful consideration might be given to the intake of fermented foods containing live bacteria in patients with severe immunocompromised conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Kato
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumi Yoshifuji
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan,Corresponding author
| | - Kohji Komori
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotaro Aoki
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Taniyama
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoaki Komatsu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Fujii
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kuniko Yamada
- Clinical Laboratory, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ishii
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahide Kikuchi
- Division of Hematology, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Munekazu Ryuzaki
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Regulation of Enterotoxins Associated with Bacillus cereus Sensu Lato Toxicoinfection. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0040522. [PMID: 35730937 PMCID: PMC9275247 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00405-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus cereus sensu lato (s.l.) includes foodborne pathogens, as well as beneficial microorganisms, such as bioinsecticides. Some of the beneficial and commercially used B. cereus s.l. strains have been shown to carry enterotoxin genes, the products of which can cause toxicoinfection in humans. Furthermore, recent epidemiological reports indicated that some bioinsecticidal strains have been linked with foodborne illness outbreaks. This demonstrates the need for improved surveillance of B. cereus s.l., which includes characterization of isolates' virulence capacity. However, the prediction of virulence capacity of B. cereus s.l. strains is challenging. Genetic screening for enterotoxin gene presence has proven to be insufficient for accurate discrimination between virulent and avirulent strains, given that nearly all B. cereus s.l. strains carry at least one enterotoxin gene. Furthermore, complex regulatory networks governing the expression of enterotoxins, and potential synergistic interactions between enterotoxins and other virulence factors make the prediction of toxicoinfection based on isolates' genome sequences challenging. In this review, we summarize and synthesize the current understanding of the regulation of enterotoxins associated with the B. cereus s.l. toxicoinfection and identify gaps in the knowledge that need to be addressed to facilitate identification of genetic markers predictive of cytotoxicity and toxicoinfection.
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10
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Esmkhani M, Shams S. Cutaneous infection due to Bacillus cereus: a case report. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:393. [PMID: 35448975 PMCID: PMC9022346 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07372-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacillus cereus is a Gram-positive bacterium that can be found in various natural and human-made environments. It is often involved in gastrointestinal infections and food poisoning; yet, it can rarely cause serious non-gastrointestinal tract infections. CASE PRESENTATION Here we describe a case of B. cereus cutaneous infection of a wound on the hand of a young woman from a rural area in Iran. On admission, she had no systemic symptoms other than a cutaneous lesion. The identification of the causative agent was performed using sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene of the bacteria isolated from the wound. The isolated microorganism was identified as B. cereus. Targeted antibiotic therapy with ciprofloxacin was successful. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Although non-intestinal infections caused by B. cereus are rare, it should be taken into consideration that this organism might also cause infections in other parts of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saeed Shams
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
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11
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Kavanaugh DW, Porrini C, Dervyn R, Ramarao N. The pathogenic biomarker alcohol dehydrogenase protein is involved in Bacillus cereus virulence and survival against host innate defence. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0259386. [PMID: 34982789 PMCID: PMC8726459 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus cereus is a spore forming bacteria recognized among the leading agents responsible for foodborne outbreaks in Europe. B. cereus is also gaining notoriety as an opportunistic human pathogen inducing local and systemic infections. The real incidence of such infection is likely underestimated and information on genetic and phenotypic characteristics of the incriminated strains is generally scarce. We have recently analyzed a large strain collection of varying pathogenic potential. Screening for biomarkers to differentiate among clinical and non-clinical strains, a gene encoding an alcohol dehydrogenase-like protein was identified among the leading candidates. This family of proteins has been demonstrated to be involved in the virulence of several bacterial species. The relevant gene was knocked out to elucidate its function with regards to resistance to host innate immune response, both in vitro and in vivo. Our results demonstrate that the adhB gene plays a significant role in resistance to nitric oxide and oxidative stress in vitro, as well as its pathogenic ability with regards to in vivo toxicity. These properties may explain the pathogenic potential of strains carrying this newly identified virulence factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon W. Kavanaugh
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Constance Porrini
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Rozenn Dervyn
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Nalini Ramarao
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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12
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ZHANG R, ZHANG Y, ZHANG T, XU M, WANG H, ZHANG S, ZHANG T, ZHOU W, SHI G. Establishing a MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS method for rapid identification of three common Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Micrococcus luteus) associated with foodborne diseases. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.117021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui ZHANG
- Hebei Food Inspection and Research Institute, China
| | - Yalun ZHANG
- Hebei Food Inspection and Research Institute, China
| | - Tao ZHANG
- Hebei Food Inspection and Research Institute, China
| | - Miaomiao XU
- Hebei Food Inspection and Research Institute, China
| | - Hui WANG
- Hebei Food Inspection and Research Institute, China
| | - Shuang ZHANG
- Hebei Food Inspection and Research Institute, China
| | - Tonghe ZHANG
- Hebei Food Inspection and Research Institute, China
| | - Wei ZHOU
- Hebei Food Inspection and Research Institute, China
| | - Guohua SHI
- Hebei Food Inspection and Research Institute, China
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13
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Worapongsatitaya PT, Pupaibool J. Bacillus cereus meningoencephalitis in an immunocompetent patient. IDCases 2022; 29:e01577. [PMID: 35880229 PMCID: PMC9307947 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2022.e01577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) infection from Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) is rare and usually occurs in immunosuppressed patients or in a presence of invasive CNS devices. Our case reported here is a very rare case of an immunocompetent elderly patient without any CNS devices who was diagnosed with B. cereus meningoencephalitis and bacteremia. According to our patient, preceding gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and trans-sphenoidal hypophysectomy could be the precipitating factors. A positive blood culture should not be concluded as a contamination but prompt repeating another set of blood culture for a better clinical judgment. Given its abrupt clinical course and high mortality rate, high index of suspicion for rapid detection and management is needed for a preferable clinical outcome. Empiric treatment with intravenous vancomycin is reasonable before a susceptibility result becomes available. CNS infection from B. cereus is rare and usually associated with CNS devices or immunosuppression. B. cereus can cause meningoencephalitis in immunocompetent elderly patients without CNS device. B. cereus in blood culture is not always a contaminant. Repeating blood culture is recommended. Empiric treatment with vancomycin should be started before a susceptibility result is available.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jakrapun Pupaibool
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Corresponding author.
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14
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Arora S, Thakkar D, Upasana K, Yadav A, Rastogi N, Yadav SP. Bacillus cereus infection in pediatric oncology patients: A case report and review of literature. IDCases 2021; 26:e01302. [PMID: 34745884 PMCID: PMC8554482 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2021.e01302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bacillus Cereus infection can be life-threatening in immunocompromised patients. We report here a case of Bacillus Cereus septicemia in a child with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and present review of literature. Methods We collected clinical, laboratory and outcome data of our patient with relapsed ALL and Bacillus Cereus infection. We reviewed literature for Bacillus Cereus infection in pediatric oncology patients by searching MED-LINE/PubMed/Google/Google Scholar/Cochrane and summarized the data obtained. Various risk factors like presence of gastrointestinal or central nervous system (CNS) symptoms, neutropenia, central venous catheter in-situ, corticosteroids use, intrathecal chemotherapy and outcomes were analyzed using Fisher Exact Chi Square test. Results A 15-years-old boy with relapsed ALL on induction chemotherapy presented with giddiness and difficulty in breathing. He had an episode of hematemesis followed by fainting at home. He had refractory shock which did not respond to fluid boluses, inotropes and hydrocortisone. He had severe metabolic acidosis with high lactate and ammonia and died within 36-hours of onset of symptoms. His blood culture was positive for Bacillus Cereus. We came across 36 published cases of Bacillus Cereus in children with cancer including present case. Of these, 28 had acute leukemia and rest 8 had other cancers. CNS symptoms were present in 13 patients. Overall mortality was 25%. Patients with multisystem involvement had significantly higher mortality compared to those having localized disease (p-value 0.033). Conclusion In pediatric oncology patients on chemotherapy, cultures positive for Bacillus Cereus should be considered significant. Mortality is higher in those with multisystem involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Satya Prakash Yadav
- Correspondence to: Pediatric Hematology Oncology & BMT Unit, Cancer Institute, Medanta -The Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana 122001, India.
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15
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Butcher M, Puiu D, Romagnoli M, Carroll KC, Salzberg SL, Nauen DW. Rapidly fatal infection with Bacillus cereus/thuringiensis: genome assembly of the responsible pathogen and consideration of possibly contributing toxins. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 101:115534. [PMID: 34601446 PMCID: PMC9716716 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2021.115534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Bloodstream infection with Bacillus cereus/thuringiensis can be life threatening, particularly in patients who are severely immunocompromised. In this report we describe a case that progressed from asymptomatic to fatal over approximately 5 hours despite extensive resuscitation efforts. We identify the pathogen and assemble its genome, in which we find genes for toxins that may have contributed to the precipitous demise. In the context of this and other cases we discuss the possible indication for rapid appropriate antibiotic administration and potentially antitoxin treatment or toxin removal in fulminant illness in immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Butcher
- Department of Pathology and Center for Computational Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniela Puiu
- Department of Pathology and Center for Computational Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark Romagnoli
- Department of Pathology and Center for Computational Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Karen C Carroll
- Department of Pathology and Center for Computational Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steven L Salzberg
- Department of Pathology and Center for Computational Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David W Nauen
- Department of Pathology and Center for Computational Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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16
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Shea S, Paniz-Mondolfi A, Sordillo E, Nowak M, Dekio F. Florid Bacillus cereus Infection of the Placenta Associated With Intrauterine Fetal Demise. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2021; 24:361-365. [PMID: 33729850 DOI: 10.1177/1093526621999026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus cereus is a gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium that is commonly implicated in foodborne illness but has also become increasingly recognized as a source of serious non-gastrointestinal infections, including sepsis, meningitis, and pneumonia. Non-gastrointestinal B. cereus infections have been identified in children, especially in neonates; however, there are no previously described cases of fetal demise associated with B. cereus placental infection. We present a case of acute chorioamnionitis-related intrauterine fetal demise of twin A at 17 weeks gestation, noted two days after selective termination of twin B. Histological examination revealed numerous gram-positive bacilli in placental tissue, as well as fetal vasculature, in the setting of severe acute necrotizing chorioamnionitis and subchorionitis, intervillous abscesses, acute villitis, and peripheral acute funisitis. Cultures of maternal blood and placental tissue both yielded growth of B. cereus. This case underscores the importance of B. cereus as a human pathogen, and specifically demonstrates its potential as an agent of severe intraamniotic and placental infection with poor outcomes for the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Shea
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | - Emilia Sordillo
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Michael Nowak
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Fumiko Dekio
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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17
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Kavanaugh DW, Glasset B, Dervyn R, Guérin C, Plancade S, Herbin S, Brisabois A, Nicolas P, Ramarao N. New genetic biomarkers to differentiate non-pathogenic from clinically relevant Bacillus cereus strains. Clin Microbiol Infect 2021; 28:137.e1-137.e8. [PMID: 34111580 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2021.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bacillus cereus is responsible for food poisoning and rare but severe clinical infections. The pathogenicity of strains varies from harmless to lethal strains. However, there are currently no markers, either alone or in combination, to differentiate pathogenic from non-pathogenic strains. The objective of the study was to identify new genetic biomarkers to differentiate non-pathogenic from clinically relevant B. cereus strains. METHODS A first set of 15 B. cereus strains were compared by RNAseq. A logistic regression model with lasso penalty was applied to define combination of genes whose expression was associated with strain pathogenicity. The identified markers were checked for their presence/absence in a collection of 95 B. cereus strains with varying pathogenic potential (food-borne outbreaks, clinical and non-pathogenic). Receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (AUC) analysis was used to determine the combination of biomarkers, which best differentiate between the "disease" versus "non-disease" groups. RESULTS Seven genes were identified during the RNAseq analysis with a prediction to differentiate between pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains. The validation of the presence/absence of these genes in a larger collection of strains coupled with AUC prediction showed that a combination of four biomarkers was sufficient to accurately discern clinical strains from harmless strains, with an AUC of 0.955, sensitivity of 0.9 and specificity of 0.86. CONCLUSIONS These new findings help in the understanding of B. cereus pathogenic potential and complexity and may provide tools for a better assessment of the risks associated with B. cereus contamination to improve patient health and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rozenn Dervyn
- INRAE, Micalis, University Paris-Sacly, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Cyprien Guérin
- INRAE, MaIAGE, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sandra Plancade
- INRAE, MaIAGE, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sabine Herbin
- ANSES, Universtité Paris-Est, Laboratory of Food Safety, Maisons-Alfrot, France
| | - Anne Brisabois
- ANSES, Universtité Paris-Est, Laboratory of Food Safety, Maisons-Alfrot, France
| | - Pierre Nicolas
- INRAE, MaIAGE, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Nalini Ramarao
- INRAE, Micalis, University Paris-Sacly, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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18
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Padilla-Montaño N, de León Guerra L, Moujir L. Antimicrobial Activity and Mode of Action of Celastrol, a Nortriterpen Quinone Isolated from Natural Sources. Foods 2021; 10:foods10030591. [PMID: 33799720 PMCID: PMC7998816 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Species of the Celastraceae family are traditionally consumed in different world regions for their stimulating properties. Celastrol, a triterpene methylene quinone isolated from plants of celastraceas, specifically activates satiety centers in the brain that play an important role in controlling body weight. In this work, the antimicrobial activity and mechanism of action of celastrol and a natural derivative, pristimerin, were investigated in Bacillus subtilis. Celastrol showed a higher antimicrobial activity compared with pristimerin, being active against Gram-positive bacteria with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) that ranged between 0.16 and 2.5 µg/mL. Killing curves displayed a bactericidal effect that was dependent on the inoculum size. Monitoring of macromolecular synthesis in bacterial populations treated with these compounds revealed inhibition in the incorporation of all radiolabeled precursors, but not simultaneously. Celastrol at 3 µg/mL and pristimerin at 10 µg/mL affected DNA and RNA synthesis first, followed by protein synthesis, although the inhibitory action on the uptake of radiolabeled precursors was more dramatic with celastrol. This compound also caused cytoplasmic membrane disruption observed by potassium leakage and formation of mesosome-like structures. The inhibition of oxygen consumption of whole and disrupted cells after treatments with both quinones indicates damage in the cellular structure, suggesting the cytoplasmic membrane as a potential target. These findings indicate that celastrol could be considered as an interesting alternative to control outbreaks caused by spore-forming bacteria.
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19
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Glasset B, Sperry M, Dervyn R, Herbin S, Brisabois A, Ramarao N. The cytotoxic potential of Bacillus cereus strains of various origins. Food Microbiol 2021; 98:103759. [PMID: 33875199 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2021.103759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
B. cereus is a human pathogen associated with food poisoning leading to gastrointestinal disorders, as well as local and severe systemic infections. The pathogenic spectrum of B. cereus ranges from strains used as probiotics in humans to lethal highly toxic strains. In this study, we gathered a collection of 100 strains representative of the pathological diversity of B. cereus in humans, and characterized these strains for their cytotoxic potential towards human cells. We analyzed the correlation between cytotoxicity to epithelial and macrophage cells and the combination of 10 genes suspected to play a role during B. cereus virulence. We highlight genetic differences among isolates and studied correlations between genetic signature, cytotoxicity and strain pathological status. We hope that our findings will improve our understanding of the pathogenicity of B. cereus, thereby making it possible to improve both clinical diagnosis and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Glasset
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Université Paris-Est, Anses, Laboratory for Food Safety, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Mylène Sperry
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Rozenn Dervyn
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sabine Herbin
- Université Paris-Est, Anses, Laboratory for Food Safety, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Anne Brisabois
- Université Paris-Est, Anses, Laboratory for Food Safety, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Nalini Ramarao
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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20
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The Food Poisoning Toxins of Bacillus cereus. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13020098. [PMID: 33525722 PMCID: PMC7911051 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13020098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus cereus is a ubiquitous soil bacterium responsible for two types of food-associated gastrointestinal diseases. While the emetic type, a food intoxication, manifests in nausea and vomiting, food infections with enteropathogenic strains cause diarrhea and abdominal pain. Causative toxins are the cyclic dodecadepsipeptide cereulide, and the proteinaceous enterotoxins hemolysin BL (Hbl), nonhemolytic enterotoxin (Nhe) and cytotoxin K (CytK), respectively. This review covers the current knowledge on distribution and genetic organization of the toxin genes, as well as mechanisms of enterotoxin gene regulation and toxin secretion. In this context, the exceptionally high variability of toxin production between single strains is highlighted. In addition, the mode of action of the pore-forming enterotoxins and their effect on target cells is described in detail. The main focus of this review are the two tripartite enterotoxin complexes Hbl and Nhe, but the latest findings on cereulide and CytK are also presented, as well as methods for toxin detection, and the contribution of further putative virulence factors to the diarrheal disease.
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21
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Yang G, Shi Y, Zhao Z, Zhong M, Jin T, Shi C, Zhang C, Xia X. Comparison of Inactivation Effect of Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water and Sodium Hypochlorite on Bacillus cereus Spores. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2020; 18:192-201. [PMID: 33121277 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2020.2811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus cereus spores are concerns for food spoilage and foodborne disease in food industry due to their high resistance to heat and various disinfectants. The aim of this study was to investigate the inactivation of B. cereus spores by slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) in comparison to sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) with same available chlorine content (ACC). In this study, the efficacy of SAEW with different concentrations of ACC (40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 mg/L) on the inactivation of B. cereus spores, and the effect of SAEW combined with mild heat treatment (60°C), was examined in pure culture suspensions. Heat resistance and pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (DPA) release of the spores were also determined. The results showed that the sporicidal effect of the SAEW was significantly higher compared with the NaClO with the same concentration of ACC. Furthermore, the inactivation efficacy was largely dependent on ACC and treatment time. Moreover, the sporicidal activity of the SAEW was significantly improved when combined with a mild heat treatment (60°C). The majority of the DPA was released from spores, and the spores exhibited less resistance to heat after SAEW treatment for 30 min. These findings indicate that SAEW could effectively inactivate B. cereus spores, making it a promising and environmentally friendly decontamination technology for application in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoji Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yiqi Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhiyi Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Mengyao Zhong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Tong Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chao Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chunling Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaodong Xia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China.,Technical Center, Jiangsu Ecolovo Food Group Co., Ltd., Suqian, China
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22
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Aoyagi T, Oshima K, Endo S, Baba H, Kanamori H, Yoshida M, Tokuda K, Kaku M. Ba813 harboring Bacillus cereus, genetically closely related to Bacillus anthracis, causing nosocomial bloodstream infection: Bacterial virulence factors and clinical outcome. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235771. [PMID: 32658912 PMCID: PMC7357740 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus cereus commonly causes catheter-related bloodstream infections (BSIs) in hospital settings, and occasionally occurs fatal central nervous system (CNS) complications. B. cereus harboring Ba813, a specific chromosomal marker of Bacillus anthracis, has been found in patients with severe infection and nosocomial BSI. However, the bacteriological profile and clinical feature of Ba813 (+) B. cereus are unclear. Fifty-three patients with B. cereus BSI were examined. Isolates were evaluated for Ba813, B. anthracis-related and food poisoning-related virulence, multilocus sequencing typing, and biofilm formation. Patients’ clinical records were reviewed retrospectively. The 53 isolates were comprised of 29 different sequence types in two distinct clades. Seventeen of the 53 (32%) B. cereus isolates including five sequence types possessed Ba813 and were classified into Clade-1/Cereus-III lineage which is most closely related to Anthracis lineage. No B. cereus possessed B. anthracis-related virulence genes. Ba813 (+) strains showed a lower prevalence of enterotoxin genes than Clade-2 strains (n = 4), but no difference from Clade-1. Ba813 (+) strains showed significantly lower biofilm formation than Clade-1/non-Cereus-III (n = 22) and Clade-2 strains, respectively. Compared to Clade-1/non-Cereus-III and Clade-2 B. cereus, Ba813 (+) strains were isolated more frequently from elderly patients, patients with indwelling central venous catheter rather than peripheral venous catheter, and patients who remained in the hospital for longer before BSI onset. No significant differences in disease severity or mortality were observed. Though two of the ten Ba813 (-) strains in Clade-1/Cereus III were isolated from the patients with CNS complication, no significant difference was observed in the bacterial profile and clinical characteristics among Clade-1/Cereus III strains. In conclusion, our report suggested that Ba813-harboring B. cereus strains, genetically closely related to B. anthracis, were abundant among B. cereus strains in the hospital setting, and might cause catheter-related nosocomial BSI. However, it did not affect the clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuji Aoyagi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Internal Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kengo Oshima
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Internal Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shiro Endo
- Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Diagnostics, Internal Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Baba
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Internal Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hajime Kanamori
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Internal Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Makiko Yoshida
- Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Diagnostics, Internal Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Koichi Tokuda
- Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Diagnostics, Internal Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Kaku
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Internal Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
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23
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Mursalin MH, Livingston ET, Callegan MC. The cereus matter of Bacillus endophthalmitis. Exp Eye Res 2020; 193:107959. [PMID: 32032628 PMCID: PMC7113113 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.107959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) endophthalmitis is a devastating intraocular infection primarily associated with post-traumatic injuries. The majority of these infections result in substantial vision loss, if not loss of the eye itself, within 12-48 h. Multifactorial mechanisms that lead to the innate intraocular inflammatory response during this disease include the combination of robust bacterial replication, migration of the organism throughout the eye, and toxin production by the organism. Therefore, the window of therapeutic intervention in B. cereus endophthalmitis is quite narrow compared to that of other pathogens which cause this disease. Understanding the interaction of bacterial and host factors is critical in understanding the disease and formulating more rational therapeutics for salvaging vision. In this review, we will discuss clinical and research findings related to B. cereus endophthalmitis in terms of the organism's virulence and inflammogenic potential, and strategies for improving of current therapeutic regimens for this blinding disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Huzzatul Mursalin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Erin T Livingston
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Michelle C Callegan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Dean McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Dean A. McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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Koizumi Y, Okuno T, Minamiguchi H, Hodohara K, Mikamo H, Andoh A. Survival of a case of Bacillus cereus meningitis with brain abscess presenting as immune reconstitution syndrome after febrile neutropenia - a case report and literature review. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:15. [PMID: 31906936 PMCID: PMC6945728 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4753-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bacillus cereus sometimes causes central nervous system infection, especially in compromised hosts. In cases of meningitis arising during neutropenia, CSF abnormalities tend to be subtle and can be easily overlooked, and mortality rate is high. We report a survived case of B. cereus meningitis/brain abscess in severe neutropenia, presenting as immune reconstitution syndrome. Case presentation A 54-year-old Japanese female with acute myelogenous leukemia developed B. cereus bacteremia and meningitis during consolidation chemotherapy. At the onset, she presented with mild meningism. She had marked leukocytopenia (WBC <100/μL, neutrophils 0/μL) and lumbar puncture yielded only mild pleocytosis. She was transferred to intensive care unit, and meropenem, linezolid and vancomycin was started. With intensive therapy, she recovered and once became afebrile. On day 19, however, her fever, meningism and consciousness level dramatically worsened despite recovery of bone marrow function. The antimicrobial chemotherapy was continued and finally she was cured with no complications. Conclusions With early diagnosis and prompt initiation and of antibiotics, the case was successfully treated without any sequelae. It is important to remember that, even under optimal antimicrobial therapy, bone marrow recovery can cause transient reaggravation of the disease. In such cases, timely and appropriate evaluation should be done to make the clinical decision to change, continue, or intensify treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Koizumi
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University Hospital, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan. .,Department of Hematology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan.
| | - Takafumi Okuno
- Department of Hematology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Minamiguchi
- Department of Hematology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Keiko Hodohara
- Department of Hematology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hiroshige Mikamo
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University Hospital, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Akira Andoh
- Department of Hematology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
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Unbiased Metagenomic Sequencing for Pediatric Meningitis in Bangladesh Reveals Neuroinvasive Chikungunya Virus Outbreak and Other Unrealized Pathogens. mBio 2019; 10:mBio.02877-19. [PMID: 31848287 PMCID: PMC6918088 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02877-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, there are an estimated 10.6 million cases of meningitis and 288,000 deaths every year, with the vast majority occurring in low- and middle-income countries. In addition, many survivors suffer from long-term neurological sequelae. Most laboratories assay only for common bacterial etiologies using culture and directed PCR, and the majority of meningitis cases lack microbiological diagnoses, impeding institution of evidence-based treatment and prevention strategies. We report here the results of a validation and application study of using unbiased metagenomic sequencing to determine etiologies of idiopathic (of unknown cause) cases. This included CSF from patients with known neurologic infections, with idiopathic meningitis, and without infection admitted in the largest children’s hospital of Bangladesh and environmental samples. Using mNGS and machine learning, we identified and confirmed an etiology (viral or bacterial) in 40% of idiopathic cases. We detected three instances of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) that were >99% identical to each other and to a strain previously recognized to cause systemic illness only in 2017. CHIKV qPCR of all remaining stored 472 CSF samples from children who presented with idiopathic meningitis in 2017 at the same hospital uncovered an unrecognized CHIKV meningitis outbreak. CSF mNGS can complement conventional diagnostic methods to identify etiologies of meningitis, and the improved patient- and population-level data can inform better policy decisions. The burden of meningitis in low-and-middle-income countries remains significant, but the infectious causes remain largely unknown, impeding institution of evidence-based treatment and prevention decisions. We conducted a validation and application study of unbiased metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) to elucidate etiologies of meningitis in Bangladesh. This RNA mNGS study was performed on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from patients admitted in the largest pediatric hospital, a World Health Organization sentinel site, with known neurologic infections (n = 36), with idiopathic meningitis (n = 25), and with no infection (n = 30), and six environmental samples, collected between 2012 and 2018. We used the IDseq bioinformatics pipeline and machine learning to identify potentially pathogenic microbes, which we then confirmed orthogonally and followed up through phone/home visits. In samples with known etiology and without infections, there was 83% concordance between mNGS and conventional testing. In idiopathic cases, mNGS identified a potential bacterial or viral etiology in 40%. There were three instances of neuroinvasive Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), whose genomes were >99% identical to each other and to a Bangladeshi strain only previously recognized to cause febrile illness in 2017. CHIKV-specific qPCR of all remaining stored CSF samples from children who presented with idiopathic meningitis in 2017 (n = 472) revealed 17 additional CHIKV meningitis cases, exposing an unrecognized meningitis outbreak. Orthogonal molecular confirmation, case-based clinical data, and patient follow-up substantiated the findings. Case-control CSF mNGS surveys can complement conventional diagnostic methods to identify etiologies of meningitis, conduct surveillance, and predict outbreaks. The improved patient- and population-level data can inform evidence-based policy decisions.
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Chun S, Kang CI, Kim YJ, Lee NY. Clinical Significance of Isolates Known to Be Blood Culture Contaminants in Pediatric Patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55100696. [PMID: 31627324 PMCID: PMC6843289 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55100696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of isolates from blood stream infection known to be blood culture contaminants in pediatric patients. Materials and Methods: Microbiological reports and medical records of all blood culture tests issued from 2002 to 2012 (n = 76,331) were retrospectively reviewed. Evaluation for potential contaminants were done by reviewing medical records of patients with the following isolates: coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, viridans group Streptococcus, Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Micrococcus, Aerococcus, and Proprionibacterium species. Repeated cultures with same isolates were considered as a single case. Cases were evaluated for their status as a pathogen. Results: Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus had clinical significance in 23.8% of all cases. Its rate of being a true pathogen was particularly high in patients with malignancy (43.7%). Viridans group Streptococcus showed clinical significance in 46.2% of all cases. Its rate of being a true pathogen was similar regardless of the underlying morbidity of the patient. The rate of being a true pathogens for remaining isolates was 27.7% for Bacillus and 19.0% for Corynebacterium species. Conclusions: Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and viridans group Streptococcus isolates showed high probability of being true pathogens in the pediatric population, especially in patients with underlying malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejong Chun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School & Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea.
| | - Cheol-In Kang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea.
| | - Yae-Jean Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiency, Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea.
| | - Nam Yong Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea.
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Viel-Thériault I, Saban J, Lewis A, Bariciak E, Grynspan D. A Case of Fulminant Bacillus cereus Lung Necrosis in a Preterm Neonate. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2019; 22:461-464. [PMID: 30760116 DOI: 10.1177/1093526619825895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus cereus is a ubiquitous Gram-positive rod seldom considered pathogenic in clinical isolates. However, it possesses multiple virulence factors explaining why it has been linked to fulminant and pyogenic infections in vulnerable hosts. Its recovery from sterile samples in immunocompromised patients cannot be disregarded. Premature infants would fall into this category. We describe the case of a neonate born at 26 weeks of gestational age, who died of a rapidly progressive B. cereus necrotizing pneumonia following suspected nosocomial acquisition. The rapidity of his course and the autopsy findings of necrosis with minimal inflammation suggest a toxin-mediated process. Pathologists should be aware of this pathogen and obtain proper microbiological samples in the presence of such autopsy findings, as the diagnosis may have infection-prevention implications in health-care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Viel-Thériault
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeremy Saban
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alana Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erika Bariciak
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Grynspan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Guimarães AC, Meireles LM, Lemos MF, Guimarães MCC, Endringer DC, Fronza M, Scherer R. Antibacterial Activity of Terpenes and Terpenoids Present in Essential Oils. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24132471. [PMID: 31284397 PMCID: PMC6651100 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The antimicrobial activity of essential oils has been reported in hundreds of studies, however, the great majority of these studies attribute the activity to the most prevalent compounds without analyzing them independently. Therefore, the aim was to investigate the antibacterial activity of 33 free terpenes commonly found in essential oils and evaluate the cellular ultrastructure to verify possible damage to the cellular membrane. Methods: Screening was performed to select substances with possible antimicrobial activity, then the minimal inhibitory concentrations, bactericidal activity and 24-h time-kill curve studies were evaluated by standard protocols. In addition, the ultrastructure of control and death bacteria were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Results: Only 16 of the 33 compounds had antimicrobial activity at the initial screening. Eugenol exhibited rapid bactericidal action against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (2 h). Terpineol showed excellent bactericidal activity against S. aureus strains. Carveol, citronellol and geraniol presented a rapid bactericidal effect against E. coli. Conclusions: The higher antimicrobial activity was related to the presence of hydroxyl groups (phenolic and alcohol compounds), whereas hydrocarbons resulted in less activity. The first group, such as carvacrol, l-carveol, eugenol, trans-geraniol, and thymol, showed higher activity when compared to sulfanilamide. Images obtained by scanning electron microscopy indicate that the mechanism causing the cell death of the evaluated bacteria is based on the loss of cellular membrane integrity of function. The present study brings detailed knowledge about the antimicrobial activity of the individual compounds present in essential oils, that can provide a greater understanding for the future researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Cristina Guimarães
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Universidade Vila Velha, Espírito Santo 29102-770, Brazil
| | - Leandra Martins Meireles
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Universidade Vila Velha, Espírito Santo 29102-770, Brazil
| | - Mayara Fumiere Lemos
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Universidade Vila Velha, Espírito Santo 29102-770, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcio Fronza
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Universidade Vila Velha, Espírito Santo 29102-770, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Scherer
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Universidade Vila Velha, Espírito Santo 29102-770, Brazil.
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Yehuda A, Slamti L, Malach E, Lereclus D, Hayouka Z. Elucidating the Hot Spot Residues of Quorum Sensing Peptidic Autoinducer PapR by Multiple Amino Acid Replacements. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1246. [PMID: 31231335 PMCID: PMC6568020 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The quorum sensing (QS) system of Bacillus cereus, an opportunistic human pathogen, utilizes the autoinducing PapR peptide signal that mediates the activation of the pleiotropic virulence regulator PlcR. A set of synthetic 7-mer PapR-derived peptides (PapR7; ADLPFEF) have been shown to inhibit efficiently the PlcR regulon activity and the production of virulence factors, reflected by a loss in hemolytic activity without affecting bacterial growth. Interestingly, these first potent synthetic inhibitors involved D-amino acid or alanine replacements of three amino acids; proline, glutamic acid, and phenylalanine of the heptapeptide PapR. To better understand the role of these three positions in PlcR activity, we report herein the second generation design, synthesis, and characterization of PapR7-derived combinations, alternate double and triple alanine and D-amino acids replacement at these positions. Our findings generate a new set of non-native PapR7-derived peptides that inhibit the PlcR regulon activity and the production of virulence factors. Using the amino acids substitution strategy, we revealed the role of proline and glutamic acid on PlcR regulon activation. Moreover, we demonstrated that the D-Glutamic acid substitution was crucial for the design of stronger PlcR antagonists. These peptides represent potent synthetic inhibitors of B. cereus QS and constitute new and readily accessible chemical tools for the study of the PlcR system. Our method might be applied to other quorum sensing systems to design new anti-virulence agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishag Yehuda
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Leyla Slamti
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Einav Malach
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Didier Lereclus
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Zvi Hayouka
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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Shulman DS, Mehrotra P, Blonquist TM, Capraro A, Lehmann L, Silverman LB, Surana NK, Place AE. A single institutional review of pediatric Bacillus spp. bloodstream infections demonstrates increased incidence among children with cancer. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2019; 66:e27568. [PMID: 30537106 PMCID: PMC6664817 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacillus species are known to cause severe infection in immunocompromised hosts. The incidence of Bacillus bloodstream infections and characteristics of infection among children with cancer or indication for hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) is unknown. METHODS We performed a retrospective medical record review of all cases of Bacillus bacteremia between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2014, at Boston Children's Hospital. We report average incidences from 2012 to 2014. We performed a detailed review of infections among children with cancer or undergoing HCT and a case-control study to evaluate whether neutropenia at diagnosis caries higher risk of Bacillus infection for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). RESULTS One hundred fourteen children developed Bacillus bacteremia during the study period, with an estimated incidence of 0.27/1,000 patients. Among children treated for cancer or undergoing HCT, there were 37 bloodstream infections (2.0/1,000 patients). Of the 37 oncology/HCT patients, oncologic diagnoses included ALL (18), acute myeloid leukemia (3), myelodysplastic syndrome (1), solid tumors (8), and 7 children were undergoing HCT. The incidence of infection among children with ALL was 34/1,000 patients and all central nervous system (CNS) infections (6) and deaths (3) occurred in this population. Neutropenia at time of diagnosis in children with ALL was not associated with risk of infection (P = 0.17). DISCUSSION We report the first hospital-wide analysis of Bacillus infection and found that immunocompromised children experience a significant proportion of Bacillus infections. Children with ALL have a high incidence of infection and are at higher risk of CNS involvement and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S. Shulman
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Preeti Mehrotra
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Traci M. Blonquist
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Capraro
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Business Intelligence, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Leslie Lehmann
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lewis B. Silverman
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Neeraj K. Surana
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA,co-corresponding authors Andrew E. Place, MD, PhD, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA., Phone: 617-632-2313, Fax: 617-632-5710, , Neeraj K. Surana, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC 27710, Phone: 919-613-8742, Fax: 919-681-2089,
| | - Andrew E. Place
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA,co-corresponding authors Andrew E. Place, MD, PhD, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA., Phone: 617-632-2313, Fax: 617-632-5710, , Neeraj K. Surana, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC 27710, Phone: 919-613-8742, Fax: 919-681-2089,
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Identification and Containment of a Cluster of Two Bacillus cereus Infections in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2019; 2019:1506583. [PMID: 30805067 PMCID: PMC6360598 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1506583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We report a cluster of invasive Bacillus cereus infections in a neonatal intensive care unit. We describe the clinical course of two infected patients, one of whom died of severe pneumonia after successfully being weaned from ECMO. Environmental analyses failed to yield a common source. Molecular characterization confirmed the homogeneity of both isolates. Rigorous hygiene control and adequate therapy enabled the containment of the cluster.
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Heini N, Stephan R, Ehling-Schulz M, Johler S. Characterization of Bacillus cereus group isolates from powdered food products. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 283:59-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Yehuda A, Slamti L, Bochnik-Tamir R, Malach E, Lereclus D, Hayouka Z. Turning off Bacillus cereus quorum sensing system with peptidic analogs. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:9777-9780. [PMID: 30105347 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05496g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We explored quenching of the PlcR-PapR quorum-sensing system in Bacillus cereus. We generated PapR7-peptidic derivatives that inhibit this system and thus the production of virulence factors, reflected by a loss in hemolytic activity, without affecting bacterial growth. To our knowledge, these peptides represent the first potent synthetic inhibitors of quorum-sensing in B. cereus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishag Yehuda
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
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Parulekar RS, Sonawane KD. Insights into the antibiotic resistance and inhibition mechanism of aminoglycoside phosphotransferase from
Bacillus cereus
: In silico and in vitro perspective. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:9444-9461. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kailas Dashrath Sonawane
- Department of Microbiology Shivaji University Kolhapur Maharashtra India
- Structural Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Biochemistry Shivaji University Kolhapur Maharashtra India
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Glasset B, Herbin S, Granier SA, Cavalié L, Lafeuille E, Guérin C, Ruimy R, Casagrande-Magne F, Levast M, Chautemps N, Decousser JW, Belotti L, Pelloux I, Robert J, Brisabois A, Ramarao N. Bacillus cereus, a serious cause of nosocomial infections: Epidemiologic and genetic survey. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194346. [PMID: 29791442 PMCID: PMC5966241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus cereus is the 2nd most frequent bacterial agent responsible for food-borne outbreaks in France and the 3rd in Europe. In addition, local and systemic infections have been reported, mainly describing individual cases or single hospital setting. The real incidence of such infection is unknown and information on genetic and phenotypic characteristics of the incriminated strains is generally scarce. We performed an extensive study of B. cereus strains isolated from patients and hospital environments from nine hospitals during a 5-year study, giving an overview of the consequences, sources and pathogenic patterns of B. cereus clinical infections. We demonstrated the occurrence of several hospital-cross-contaminations. Identical B. cereus strains were recovered from different patients and hospital environments for up to 2 years. We also clearly revealed the occurrence of inter hospital contaminations by the same strain. These cases represent the first documented events of nosocomial epidemy by B. cereus responsible for intra and inter hospitals contaminations. Indeed, contamination of different patients with the same strain of B. cereus was so far never shown. In addition, we propose a scheme for the characterization of B. cereus based on biochemical properties and genetic identification and highlight that main genetic signatures may carry a high pathogenic potential. Moreover, the characterization of antibiotic resistance shows an acquired resistance phenotype for rifampicin. This may provide indication to adjust the antibiotic treatment and care of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Glasset
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Université Paris-Est, Anses, Laboratory for Food Safety, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sabine Herbin
- Université Paris-Est, Anses, Laboratory for Food Safety, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sophie A. Granier
- Université Paris-Est, Anses, Laboratory for Food Safety, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Laurent Cavalié
- CHU Toulouse, Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène, IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Emilie Lafeuille
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, U1135, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Cyprien Guérin
- MaiAGE, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Raymond Ruimy
- CHU Nice, Laboratoire de bactériologie, Nice, France
| | | | - Marion Levast
- Hôpital de Chambéry, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale, Chambéry, France
| | | | - Jean-Winoc Decousser
- Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud Antoine Béclère, Laboratoire Hygiène, Clamart, France
| | - Laure Belotti
- CHU Strasbourg, Laboratoire d’hygiène hospitalière, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Jerôme Robert
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, U1135, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Anne Brisabois
- Université Paris-Est, Anses, Laboratory for Food Safety, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Nalini Ramarao
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- * E-mail:
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Whole-Genome Characterization of Bacillus cereus Associated with Specific Disease Manifestations. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00574-17. [PMID: 29158433 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00574-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus cereus remains an important cause of infections, particularly in immunocompromised hosts. While typically associated with enteric infections, disease manifestations can be quite diverse and include skin infections, bacteremia, pneumonia, and meningitis. Whether there are any genetic correlates of bacterial strains with particular clinical manifestations remains unknown. To address this gap in understanding, we undertook whole-genome analysis of B. cereus strains isolated from patients with a range of disease manifestations, including noninvasive colonizing disease, superficial skin infections, and invasive bacteremia. Interestingly, strains involved in skin infection tended to form a distinct genetic cluster compared to isolates associated with invasive disease. Other disease manifestations, despite not being exclusively clustered, nonetheless had unique genetic features. The unique features associated with the specific types of infections ranged from traditional virulence determinants to metabolic pathways and gene regulators. These data represent the largest genetic analysis to date of pathogenic B. cereus isolates with associated clinical parameters.
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Inaba H, Pei D, Wolf J, Howard SC, Hayden RT, Go M, Varechtchouk O, Hahn T, Buaboonnam J, Metzger ML, Rubnitz JE, Ribeiro RC, Sandlund JT, Jeha S, Cheng C, Evans WE, Relling MV, Pui CH. Infection-related complications during treatment for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Ann Oncol 2017; 28:386-392. [PMID: 28426102 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Comprehensive studies on neutropenia and infection-related complications in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are lacking. Patients and methods We evaluated infection-related complications that were grade ≥3 on National Cancer Institute's Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 3.0) and their risk factors in 409 children with newly diagnosed ALL throughout the treatment period. Results Of the 2420 infection episodes, febrile neutropenia and clinically or microbiologically documented infection were seen in 1107 and 1313 episodes, respectively. Among documented infection episodes, upper respiratory tract was the most common site (n = 389), followed by ear (n = 151), bloodstream (n = 147), and gastrointestinal tract (n = 145) infections. These episodes were more common during intensified therapy phases such as remission induction and reinduction, but respiratory and ear infections, presumably viral in origin, also occurred during continuation phases. The 3-year cumulative incidence of infection-related death was low (1.0±0.9%, n = 4), including 2 from Bacillus cereus bacteremia. There was no fungal infection-related mortality. Age 1-9.9 years at diagnosis was associated with febrile neutropenia (P = 0.002) during induction and febrile neutropenia and documented infection (both P < 0.001) during later continuation. White race was associated with documented infection (P = 0.034) during induction. Compared with low-risk patients, standard- and high-risk patients received more intensive therapy during early continuation and had higher incidences of febrile neutropenia (P < 0.001) and documented infections (P = 0.043). Furthermore, poor neutrophil surge after dexamethasone pulses during continuation, which can reflect the poor bone marrow reserve, was associated with infections (P < 0.001). Conclusions The incidence of infection-related death was low. However, young age, white race, intensive chemotherapy, and lack of neutrophil surge after dexamethasone treatment were associated with infection-related complications. Close monitoring for prompt administration of antibiotics and modification of chemotherapy should be considered in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Inaba
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis,Tennessee, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis,Tennessee, USA
| | - D Pei
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - J Wolf
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis,Tennessee, USA.,Department of Infectious Diseases,, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - S C Howard
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis,Tennessee, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis,Tennessee, USA
| | - R T Hayden
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, USA
| | - M Go
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis,Tennessee, USA
| | - O Varechtchouk
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis,Tennessee, USA
| | - T Hahn
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis,Tennessee, USA
| | - J Buaboonnam
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis,Tennessee, USA
| | - M L Metzger
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis,Tennessee, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis,Tennessee, USA
| | - J E Rubnitz
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis,Tennessee, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis,Tennessee, USA
| | - R C Ribeiro
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis,Tennessee, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis,Tennessee, USA
| | - J T Sandlund
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis,Tennessee, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis,Tennessee, USA
| | - S Jeha
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis,Tennessee, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis,Tennessee, USA
| | - C Cheng
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - W E Evans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis,Tennessee, USA.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, USA
| | - M V Relling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis,Tennessee, USA.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, USA
| | - C-H Pui
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis,Tennessee, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis,Tennessee, USA
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Chaves JQ, de Paiva EP, Rabinovitch L, Vivoni AM. Molecular Characterization and Risk Assessment of Bacillus cereus Sensu Lato Isolated from Ultrahigh-Temperature and Pasteurized Milk Marketed in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. J Food Prot 2017; 80:1060-1065. [PMID: 28556679 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The presence of Bacillus cereus in milk is a major concern in the dairy industry. In this study 27 Bacillus cereus sensu lato isolates from pasteurized and ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) milk (24 whole UHT and 4 pasteurized samples) collected at supermarket chains in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were evaluated to assess the potential risk for food poisoning. Toxigenic and virulence profiles were defined by gene-specific PCR. Affiliation to phylogenetic groups was assigned by panC sequencing. Microbiological analysis revealed the presence of B. cereus s.l. in eight (33.3%) brands (six brands of UHT and two brands of pasteurized milk). Twenty-seven isolates were recovered (13 B. cereus and 14 Bacillus thuringiensis ). Predominant toxigenic patterns were type I (contains all toxin genes except ces) and type II (does not contain cytK and ces), with seven (25.9%) isolates each. Predominant virulence patterns were type 2 (does not contain hlyII or shp) and type 3 (contains all virulence genes), with five (18.5%) isolates each. All isolates belonged to phylogenetic groups III and IV. Presence of hbl, piplc, and sph was associated with group IV isolates. Our results suggest that B. thuringiensis and B. cereus sensu stricto should be considered potential foodborne pathogens. Because the majority of the milk isolates studied have the potential to cause food poisoning because of the high prevalence of toxin and virulence genes and the specific phylogenetic group affiliations, these milk products can be potentially hazardous for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeane Q Chaves
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Bacteriana, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eislaine P de Paiva
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Bacteriana, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leon Rabinovitch
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Bacteriana, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriana M Vivoni
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Bacteriana, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Cheng VCC, Chen JHK, Leung SSM, So SYC, Wong SC, Wong SCY, Tse H, Yuen KY. Seasonal Outbreak of Bacillus Bacteremia Associated With Contaminated Linen in Hong Kong. Clin Infect Dis 2017; 64:S91-S97. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Soudet S, Becquart C, Dezoteux F, Faure K, Staumont-Salle D, Delaporte E. Endocardite à Bacillus cereus avec probable porte d’entrée cutanée. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2017; 144:45-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2016.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Tusgul S, Prod'hom G, Senn L, Meuli R, Bochud PY, Giulieri SG. Bacillus cereus bacteraemia: comparison between haematologic and nonhaematologic patients. New Microbes New Infect 2016; 15:65-71. [PMID: 28050250 PMCID: PMC5192042 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus cereus bacteraemia can be severe, especially among patients with haematologic malignancy. We retrospectively reviewed first episodes of true B. cereus bacteraemia (more than one positive bottle plus signs of infection) at our institution between 1997 and 2013 with the aim to compare haematologic versus nonhaematologic patients and analyse episodes with complicated outcome. Among 56 episodes of positive-blood cultures for B. cereus, 21 were considered significant. Median age was 54 years (range 23-82 years). Ten patients (48%) had a haematologic malignancy; all were neutropenic at the time of B. cereus bacteraemia. Nonhaematologic patients were either intravenous drug users (n = 3, 14%), polytraumatized (n = 3, 14%) or had multiple chronic comorbidities (n = 5, 24%). Most episodes were hospital acquired (15, 71%). Sources of bacteraemia were intravascular catheter (n = 11, 52%), digestive tract (n = 6, 29%), drug injection (n = 3, 14%) and wound (n = 1, 5%). Adequate antibiotic therapy was provided to 18 patients (86%) during a median of 17 days (range 2-253 days). The intravascular catheter was removed in eight cases (42%). Three haematologic patients had a complicated course with neurologic complications (meningoencephalitis and cerebral abscesses). Complications appeared to be associated with catheter infection (100% of complicated cases vs. 29% of noncomplicated cases). In conclusion, B. cereus bacteraemia can have a complicated course in a subset of patients, mainly those with haematologic malignancy. Catheter infection may be associated with a worse outcome with frequent neurologic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tusgul
- Service of Infectious Diseases, Lausanne, Switzerland; Service of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G Prod'hom
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Laboratories, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L Senn
- Service of Infectious Diseases, Lausanne, Switzerland; Service of Hospital Preventive Medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - R Meuli
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P-Y Bochud
- Service of Infectious Diseases, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S G Giulieri
- Service of Infectious Diseases, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Parkunan SM, Randall CB, Astley RA, Furtado GC, Lira SA, Callegan MC. CXCL1, but not IL-6, significantly impacts intraocular inflammation during infection. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:1125-1134. [PMID: 27286792 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3a0416-173r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
During intraocular bacterial infections, the primary innate responders are neutrophils, which may cause bystander damage to the retina or perturb the clarity of the visual axis. We hypothesized that cytokine IL-6 and chemokine CXCL1 contributed to rapid neutrophil recruitment during Bacillus cereus endophthalmitis, a severe form of intraocular infection that is characterized by explosive inflammation and retinal damage that often leads to rapid vision loss. To test this hypothesis, we compared endophthalmitis pathogenesis in C57BL/6J, IL-6-/-, and CXCL1-/- mice. Bacterial growth in eyes of CXCL1-/-, IL-6-/-, and C67BL/6J mice was similar. Retinal function retention was greater in eyes of IL-6-/- and CXCL1-/- mice compared with that of C57BL/6J, despite these eyes having similar bacterial burdens. Neutrophil influx into eyes of CXCL1-/- mice was reduced to a greater degree compared with that of eyes of IL6-/- mice. Histology confirmed significantly less inflammation in eyes of CXCL1-/- mice, but similar degrees of inflammation in IL6-/- and C57BL/6J eyes. Because inflammation was reduced in eyes of infected CXCL1-/- mice, we tested the efficacy of anti-CXCL1 in B. cereus endophthalmitis. Retinal function was retained to a greater degree and there was less overall inflammation in eyes treated with anti-CXCL1, which suggested that anti-CXCL1 may have therapeutic efficacy in limiting inflammation during B. cereus endophthalmitis. Taken together, our results indicate that absence of IL-6 did not affect overall pathogenesis of endophthalmitis. In contrast, absence of CXCL1, in CXCL1-/- mice or after anti-CXCL1 treatment, led to an improved clinical outcome. Our findings suggest a potential benefit in targeting CXCL1 to control inflammation during B. cereus and perhaps other types of intraocular infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salai Madhumathi Parkunan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - C Blake Randall
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Roger A Astley
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Glaucia C Furtado
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; and
| | - Sergio A Lira
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; and
| | - Michelle C Callegan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA; .,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Dean McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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43
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Chou YL, Cheng SN, Hsieh KH, Wang CC, Chen SJ, Lo WT. Bacillus cereus septicemia in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A case report and review of the literature. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2016; 49:448-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2013.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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A Cluster of CNS Infections Due to B. cereus in the Setting of Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Neuropathology in 5 Patients. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2015; 74:1000-11. [PMID: 26352989 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0000000000000244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus cereus typically causes a self-limited foodborne gastrointestinal (GI) illness. Severe invasive infection occurs rarely, mainly among immunocompromised hosts. We describe a cluster of B. cereus infections among 5 patients with acute myeloid leukemia and chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. The initial case presented with occipital lobe abscess and was found on biopsy to have organisms consistent with Bacillus species. Within 1 week, a second patient died of fulminant brain swelling and hemorrhage. Neuropathologic autopsy and culture revealed B. cereus; hospital infection control and public health officials were notified. Three more patients died within the subsequent 9 months (2 patients had rapid massive hemorrhage and many bacilli reminiscent of Bacillus anthracis infection, and 1 patient had sparse bacilli, petechial hemorrhages, and border zone infarcts). Blood cultures yielded positive results in 3 of 5 cases. A possible route of infection was hematogenous dissemination via GI mucosal breaches (GI symptoms occurred in 3 of 5 cases, and postmortem GI ulceration was found in 3 of 4 cases). Bacilli were seen in 2 of 3 GI ulcerations. Epidemiologic work-up, including a site visit conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, did not identify a clear common source but suggested the possibility of bananas as a food source. Bacillus cereus causes a rapidly progressive, hemorrhagic meningoencephalitis with high mortality among patients with neutropenia. Neuropathologists can play a key role in the detection of outbreaks.
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Veysseyre F, Fourcade C, Lavigne JP, Sotto A. Bacillus cereus infection: 57 case patients and a literature review. Med Mal Infect 2015; 45:436-40. [PMID: 26525185 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to study the characteristics of patients presenting with a Bacillus cereus infection in a university hospital. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of the clinical, biological, and treatment-related data of patients hospitalized in our university hospital between January 1st, 2008 and December 31st, 2012 and diagnosed with a B. cereus infection. We identified a subgroup of patients presenting with bacteremia and looked for risk factors for death within that group of patients. RESULTS We included 57 patients in our study; 31 (54.4%) were hospitalized in a medical ward. We identified 24 bacteremia case patients, including 17 patients presenting with bacteremia alone (29.8%). Other frequently observed infection sites were skin infections (16; 28.1%) and bone and joint infections (10; 17.5%). We recorded 9 deaths (11.8%); 2 patients, despite being on an appropriate antibiotic therapy, died from a medical device-related infection that had not been removed. The empirical administration of a beta-lactam antibiotic was significantly associated with death (P=0.022). Three patients presenting with recurrent bacteremia were identified. The patients only recovered once the infected device had been removed. CONCLUSION B. cereus infections may have various clinical presentations. Prospective data is needed to put forward a consensual treatment approach and guide physicians in choosing the appropriate antibiotic therapy and in removing the infected device.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Veysseyre
- Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, CHU Caremeau, place du Pr R.-Debré, 30029 Nîmes cedex 9, France
| | - C Fourcade
- Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, CHU Caremeau, place du Pr R.-Debré, 30029 Nîmes cedex 9, France
| | - J-P Lavigne
- Service de microbiologie, CHU Caremeau, 30029 Nîmes, France
| | - A Sotto
- Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, CHU Caremeau, place du Pr R.-Debré, 30029 Nîmes cedex 9, France.
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Abstract
A 5-year-old boy with standard-risk B-cell acute lymphoblastic anemia developed fever during induction chemotherapy. The patient had no neurological symptoms. Blood cultures grew Bacillus cereus and neuroimaging studies demonstrated a cerebral abscess. Imaging changes resolved after completion of antibiotics. Bacillus cereus bacteremia is increasingly implicated as the cause of life-threatening infections, including cerebral abscesses, in compromised patients. Positive blood cultures for this organism should prompt neuroimaging and consideration of cerebrospinal fluid sampling, as well as catheter removal. Given the worse outcome with central nervous system involvement, there is a need for increased awareness and early diagnosis, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.
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Ikeda M, Yagihara Y, Tatsuno K, Okazaki M, Okugawa S, Moriya K. Clinical characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility of Bacillus cereus blood stream infections. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2015; 14:43. [PMID: 26370137 PMCID: PMC4570458 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-015-0104-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacillus cereus is one of the pathogens causing nosocomial bloodstream infections (BSIs). However, few reports have documented the antimicrobial susceptibility and clinical characteristics of Bacillus cereus BSI and the importance of empirical therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility of B. cereus isolates from patients with BSI and to analyze the impact of appropriate empirical therapy on the outcome of patients with B. cereus BSI. METHODS All adult cases of bacteremia between April 2003 and March 2012 in a teaching hospital in Tokyo, Japan were reviewed retrospectively. Clinical data were collected from the patients' medical records and charts. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution method. The patients with B. cereus BSI were divided into an appropriate empirical therapy group and an inappropriate empirical therapy group. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality at 4 weeks after the start of BSI. The secondary outcome was early defervescence within 2 days after starting empirical therapy. RESULTS There were 29 B. cereus bloodstream infection cases. No vancomycin, gentamicin, and imipenem-resistant isolates were found. However, 65.5 % were resistant to clindamycin and 10.3 % were resistant to levofloxacin. The main etiology was venous catheter-related (69 %). All-cause mortality at 4 weeks was not significantly different between the appropriate empirical therapy group (9 cases) and the inappropriate group (20 cases) in this study. However, early defervescence within 2 days after starting empirical therapy was significantly different (p = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS The BSI of B. cereus is mostly caused by venous catheter-related infections. Appropriate empirical therapy is important to achieve early clinical resolution in B. cereus BSI. Vancomycin is one of the appropriate selections of empirical therapy for B. cereus BSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahoko Ikeda
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Yuka Yagihara
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Keita Tatsuno
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Mitsuhiro Okazaki
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Health Sciences, Tokyo University of Technology, 5-23-22 Nishikamata, Ota, Tokyo, 144-8535, Japan.
| | - Shu Okugawa
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Kyoji Moriya
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
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Rhee C, Klompas M, Tamburini FB, Fremin BJ, Chea N, Epstein L, Halpin AL, Guh A, Gallen R, Coulliette A, Gee J, Hsieh C, Desjardins CA, Pedamullu CS, DeAngelo DJ, Manzo VE, Folkerth RD, Milner DA, Pecora N, Osborne M, Chalifoux-Judge D, Bhatt AS, Yokoe DS. Epidemiologic Investigation of a Cluster of Neuroinvasive Bacillus cereus Infections in 5 Patients With Acute Myelogenous Leukemia. Open Forum Infect Dis 2015; 2:ofv096. [PMID: 26269794 PMCID: PMC4531223 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofv096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Five neuroinvasive Bacillus cereus infections (4 fatal) occurred in hospitalized patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) during a 9-month period, prompting an investigation by infection control and public health officials. Methods. Medical records of case-patients were reviewed and a matched case-control study was performed. Infection control practices were observed. Multiple environmental, food, and medication samples common to AML patients were cultured. Multilocus sequence typing was performed for case and environmental B cereus isolates. Results. All 5 case-patients received chemotherapy and had early-onset neutropenic fevers that resolved with empiric antibiotics. Fever recurred at a median of 17 days (range, 9-20) with headaches and abrupt neurological deterioration. Case-patients had B cereus identified in central nervous system (CNS) samples by (1) polymerase chain reaction or culture or (2) bacilli seen on CNS pathology stains with high-grade B cereus bacteremia. Two case-patients also had colonic ulcers with abundant bacilli on autopsy. No infection control breaches were observed. On case-control analysis, bananas were the only significant exposure shared by all 5 case-patients (odds ratio, 9.3; P = .04). Five environmental or food isolates tested positive for B cereus, including a homogenized banana peel isolate and the shelf of a kitchen cart where bananas were stored. Multilocus sequence typing confirmed that all case and environmental strains were genetically distinct. Multilocus sequence typing-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that the organisms clustered in 2 separate clades. Conclusions. The investigation of this neuroinvasive B cereus cluster did not identify a single point source but was suggestive of a possible dietary exposure. Our experience underscores the potential virulence of B cereus in immunocompromised hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanu Rhee
- Department of Population Medicine , Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute , Boston, Massachusetts ; Infection Control Department
| | - Michael Klompas
- Department of Population Medicine , Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute , Boston, Massachusetts ; Infection Control Department
| | | | | | - Nora Chea
- Divisions of Healthcare Quality Promotion ; Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lauren Epstein
- Divisions of Healthcare Quality Promotion ; Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Alice Guh
- Divisions of Healthcare Quality Promotion
| | | | - Angela Coulliette
- Divisions of Healthcare Quality Promotion ; Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jay Gee
- High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology
| | | | | | - Chandra Sekhar Pedamullu
- Broad Institute , Cambridge ; Department of Medical Oncology , Dana Farber Cancer Institute , Boston
| | - Daniel J DeAngelo
- Department of Medical Oncology , Dana Farber Cancer Institute , Boston
| | | | | | - Danny A Milner
- Department of Pathology , Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nicole Pecora
- Department of Pathology , Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew Osborne
- Division of Epidemiology and Immunization, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Jamaica Plain
| | | | - Ami S Bhatt
- School of Medicine , Stanford University , California
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Sharma R, Rao R. Bacillus cereus bacteraemia in a patient of acute myeloid leukaemia. Indian J Med Microbiol 2015; 33 Suppl:168-70. [DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.150982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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