1
|
Ioannou P, Sourris A, Tsantes AG, Samonis G. Infective Endocarditis by Campylobacter Species-A Narrative Review. Pathogens 2024; 13:594. [PMID: 39057821 PMCID: PMC11279824 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13070594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a disease that may cause significant morbidity and mortality. IE is classically caused by Gram-positive microorganisms; however, Gram-negative bacteria may seldom also be the cause. Campylobacter species cause zoonosis and may also infect humans, mainly causing gastrointestinal infection by C. jejuni or invasive disease by C. fetus, such as bacteremia, sepsis, meningitis, or vascular infection. Campylobacter species IE has rarely been described, and most reports are cases and/or case series. Thus, the characteristics of this disease, including its epidemiology, clinical presentation, treatment, and outcome, remain largely unknown. This study aimed to review all published Campylobacter IE cases and describe their characteristics. A thorough search of PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus for published studies providing information on epidemiology, clinical findings, treatment, and outcome of Campylobacter IE cases was performed for the present narrative review. A total of 22 studies containing data from 26 patients were located and included. Among all patients, 73.1% were male; the median age was 65 years. Among all patients, 36.4% had a history of a prosthetic valve. The most commonly affected valve was the aortic, followed by the mitral. Fever, heart failure, and sepsis were the most frequent clinical findings. The most commonly isolated pathogen was C. fetus, with only one patient having C. jejuni IE. Antimicrobial resistance was low for all antimicrobials, with tetracycline having the highest resistance. Aminoglycosides and beta-lactams were the most commonly used antimicrobials. Surgery was performed in 48% of patients. The mortality rate was 26.9%. Patients who died were more likely to have sepsis, shock, and heart failure and were less likely to have been treated with aminopenicillins; however, no factor was identified in a multivariate logistic regression model as an independent factor for overall mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petros Ioannou
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Angelos Sourris
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Andreas G. Tsantes
- Laboratory of Hematology and Blood Bank Unit, “Attikon” University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - George Samonis
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
- Metropolitan Hospital, Neon Faliron, 18547 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Giraudon E, Miendje Deyi VY, Martiny D. Assessing the Prevalence and Dynamics of Emerging Campylobacterales in Human Stool Samples in Brussels by Filtration Culture. Pathogens 2024; 13:475. [PMID: 38921773 PMCID: PMC11206970 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13060475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Thermophilic C. jejuni/coli is reported to be the first bacterial cause of gastroenteritis worldwide and the most common zoonosis in Europe. Although non-jejuni/coli Campylobacter sp. are increasingly suspected to be responsible for diarrhoea or to be involved in inflammatory bowel disease, they remain poorly isolated due to their fastidious and non-thermophilic nature. Additionally, they are not targeted by commercial syndromic PCR assays. In this study, we present routine diagnostic results over 6 years (2017-2019 and 2021-2023) of Campylobacter sp. and related species, obtained by optimised culture from 51,065 stools by both 0.65 µm pore filtration on antibiotic-free agar, incubated in an H2-enriched atmosphere at 37 °C (also known as the Cape Town protocol), and the use of selective inhibitory Butzler medium incubated at 42 °C. This allowed the isolation of 16 Campylobacter species, 2 Aliarcobacter species, and 2 Helicobacter species, providing a completely different view of the epidemiology of Campylobacterales, in which C. jejuni/coli represents only 30.0% of all isolates, while C. concisus represents 44.4%. C. ureolyticus, representing only 5.5% of all Campylobacterales pre-COVID-19, represented 20.6% of all strains post-COVID-19 (218% increase; p < 0.05). At the same time, the proportions of C. jejuni, C. coli, and C. concisus decreased by 37, 53, and 28%, respectively (p < 0.05).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Giraudon
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratoire Hospitalier Universitaire de Bruxelles-Brussel Universitair Laboratorium (LHUB-ULB), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium (D.M.)
- Belgium National Reference Center for Campylobacter (LHUB-ULB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - V. Y. Miendje Deyi
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratoire Hospitalier Universitaire de Bruxelles-Brussel Universitair Laboratorium (LHUB-ULB), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium (D.M.)
- Belgium National Reference Center for Campylobacter (LHUB-ULB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Delphine Martiny
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratoire Hospitalier Universitaire de Bruxelles-Brussel Universitair Laboratorium (LHUB-ULB), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium (D.M.)
- Belgium National Reference Center for Campylobacter (LHUB-ULB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Mons (UMONS), 7000 Mons, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Havelaar AH, Brhane M, Ahmed IA, Kedir J, Chen D, Deblais L, French N, Gebreyes WA, Hassen JY, Li X, Manary MJ, Mekuria Z, Ibrahim AM, Mummed B, Ojeda A, Rajashekara G, Roba KT, Saleem C, Singh N, Usmane IA, Yang Y, Yimer G, McKune S. Unravelling the reservoirs for colonisation of infants with Campylobacter spp. in rural Ethiopia: protocol for a longitudinal study during a global pandemic and political tensions. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e061311. [PMID: 36198455 PMCID: PMC9535169 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Undernutrition is an underlying cause of mortality in children under five (CU5) years of age. Animal-source foods have been shown to decrease malnutrition in CU5. Livestock are important reservoirs for Campylobacter bacteria, which are recognised as risk factors for child malnutrition. Increasing livestock production may be beneficial for improving nutrition of children but these benefits may be negated by increased exposure to Campylobacter and research is needed to evaluate the complex pathways of Campylobacter exposure and infection applicable to low-income and middle-income countries. We aim to identify reservoirs of infection with Campylobacter spp. of infants in rural Eastern Ethiopia and evaluate interactions with child health (environmental enteric dysfunction and stunting) in the context of their sociodemographic environment. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This longitudinal study involves 115 infants who are followed from birth to 12 months of age and are selected randomly from 10 kebeles of Haramaya woreda, East Hararghe zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia. Questionnaire-based information is obtained on demographics, livelihoods, wealth, health, nutrition and women empowerment; animal ownership/management and diseases; and water, sanitation and hygiene. Faecal samples are collected from infants, mothers, siblings and livestock, drinking water and soil. These samples are analysed by a range of phenotypic and genotypic microbiological methods to characterise the genetic structure of the Campylobacter population in each of these reservoirs, which will support inference about the main sources of exposure for infants. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval was obtained from the University of Florida Internal Review Board (IRB201903141), the Haramaya University Institutional Health Research Ethics Committee (COHMS/1010/3796/20) and the Ethiopia National Research Ethics Review Committee (SM/14.1/1059/20). Written informed consent is obtained from all participating households. Research findings will be disseminated to stakeholders through conferences and peer-reviewed journals and through the Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Livestock Systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dehao Chen
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Nigel French
- Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Wondwossen A Gebreyes
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Ohio State Global One Health LLC, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Xiaolong Li
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mark J Manary
- Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Zelealem Mekuria
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Ohio State Global One Health LLC, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Amanda Ojeda
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | | | - Cyrus Saleem
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Nitya Singh
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Yang Yang
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Getnet Yimer
- Ohio State Global One Health LLC, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Sarah McKune
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen D, McKune SL, Singh N, Yousuf Hassen J, Gebreyes W, Manary MJ, Bardosh K, Yang Y, Diaz N, Mohammed A, Terefe Y, Roba KT, Ketema M, Ameha N, Assefa N, Rajashekara G, Deblais L, Ghanem M, Yimer G, Havelaar AH. Campylobacter Colonization, Environmental Enteric Dysfunction, Stunting, and Associated Risk Factors Among Young Children in Rural Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study From the Campylobacter Genomics and Environmental Enteric Dysfunction (CAGED) Project. Front Public Health 2021; 8:615793. [PMID: 33553097 PMCID: PMC7862945 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.615793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Livestock farming provides a possible mechanism by which smallholder farmers can meet their household need for animal source foods (ASF), which may reduce the risk of stunting. However, direct/indirect contacts with domestic animals may increase colonization by Campylobacter spp., which has been associated with Environmental Enteric Dysfunction (EED) and stunting. A cross-sectional study involving 102 randomly selected children between 12 and 16 months of age was conducted in rural eastern Ethiopia to establish prevalence rates of Campylobacter colonization, EED, and stunting, and evaluate potential risk factors. Data were collected between September and December 2018. The prevalence of EED and stunting was 50% (95% CI: 40-60%) and 41% (95% CI: 32-51%), respectively. Among enrolled children, 56% had consumed some ASF in the previous 24 h; 47% had diarrhea and 50% had fever in the past 15 days. 54, 63, 71 or 43% of households owned at least one chicken, cow/bull, goat, or sheep; 54 (53%) households kept chickens indoors overnight and only half of these confined the animals. Sanitation was poor, with high levels of unimproved latrines and open defecation. Most households had access to an improved source of drinking water. The prevalence of Campylobacter colonization was 50% (95% CI: 41-60%) by PCR. In addition to the thermotolerant species Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter upsaliensis, non-thermotolerant species related to Campylobacter hyointestinalis and Campylobacter fetus were frequently detected by Meta-total RNA sequencing (MeTRS). Current breastfeeding and ASF consumption increased the odds of Campylobacter detection by PCR, while improved drinking water supply decreased the odds of EED. No risk factors were significantly associated with stunting. Further studies are necessary to better understand reservoirs and transmission pathways of Campylobacter spp. and their potential impact on child health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dehao Chen
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Sarah L. McKune
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Center for African Studies, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Nitya Singh
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jemal Yousuf Hassen
- Department of Rural Development and Agricultural Extension, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Wondwossen Gebreyes
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Mark J. Manary
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Kevin Bardosh
- Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Yang Yang
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Professions & College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Nicholas Diaz
- Center for African Studies, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | | | - Yitagele Terefe
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Kedir Teji Roba
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Mengistu Ketema
- School of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Negassi Ameha
- School of Animal and Range Science, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Nega Assefa
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Gireesh Rajashekara
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Loïc Deblais
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Mostafa Ghanem
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Getnet Yimer
- Global One Health initiative, Office of International Affairs, The Ohio State University, Eastern Africa Regional Office, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Arie H. Havelaar
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Institute for Sustainable Food Systems, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Igwaran A, Okoh AI. Human campylobacteriosis: A public health concern of global importance. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02814. [PMID: 31763476 PMCID: PMC6861584 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter species are among the leading cause of bacterial foodborne and waterborne infections. In addition, Campylobacter is one of the major causative agent of bacterial gastrointestinal infections and the rise in the incidence of Campylobacter infections have been reported worldwide. Also, the emergence of some Campylobacter species as one of the main causative agent of diarrhea and the propensity of these bacteria species to resist the actions of antimicrobial agents; position them as a serious threat to the public health. This paper reviews Campylobacter pathogenicity, infections, isolation and diagnosis, their reservoirs, transmission pathways, epidemiology of Campylobacter outbreaks, prevention and treatment option, antibiotics resistance and control of antibiotics use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aboi Igwaran
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Anthony Ifeanyi Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Karama M, Cenci-Goga BT, Prosperi A, Etter E, El-Ashram S, McCrindle C, Ombui JN, Kalake A. Prevalence and risk factors associated with Campylobacter spp. occurrence in healthy dogs visiting four rural community veterinary clinics in South Africa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 86:e1-e6. [PMID: 31170781 PMCID: PMC6556946 DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v86i1.1673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Reports on the occurrence of Campylobacter spp. in dogs in South Africa are non-existent. This study investigated the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in 481 dogs visiting four rural community veterinary clinics in South Africa. Dogs were screened for Campylobacter spp. by culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between sex, clinic, breed and age and the occurrence of Campylobacter spp. in dogs. The prevalence of Campylobacter spp. was 41.50% (95% confidence interval [CI], 37.39% - 46.04%). Campylobacter jejuni, C. upsaliensis and C. coli were detected in 29.31% (95% CI, 25.42% - 33.54%), 13.10% (95% CI, 10.37% - 16.42%) and 5.41% (95% CI, 3.71% - 7.82%) of dogs, respectively. Dogs carrying more than one species of Campylobacter spp. accounted for 6.23% (95% CI, 4.40% - 8.78%). Campylobacter upsaliensis and C. jejuni were detected in 3.74% (95% CI, 2.37% - 5.86%), whereas C. coli and C. jejuni were found in 2.49% (95% CI, 1.42% - 4.34%) of dogs. Age and clinic were the risk factors significantly associated with Campylobacter spp. occurrence, while age, breed and clinic were predictors of C. jejuni carriage. Furthermore, age was the only risk factor associated with a higher likelihood of carrying C. upsaliensis. The prevalence of Campylobacter spp. C. jejuni and C. upsaliensis increased significantly as dogs grew older. In addition, the odds of carrying Campylobacter spp. were higher in the Staffordshire bull terrier breed compared to crossbreed dogs. In conclusion, this study shows that dogs visiting rural community veterinary clinics in South Africa are reservoirs of Campylobacter spp. and may be potential sources of Campylobacter spp. for humans living in close proximity of the dog populations under study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Musafiri Karama
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bondo KJ, Pearl DL, Janecko N, Reid-Smith RJ, Parmley EJ, Weese JS, Rousseau J, Taboada E, Mutschall S, Jardine CM. Salmonella, Campylobacter, Clostridium difficile, and anti-microbial resistant Escherichia coli in the faeces of sympatric meso-mammals in southern Ontario, Canada. Zoonoses Public Health 2019; 66:406-416. [PMID: 30985994 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The role of free-ranging wildlife in the epidemiology of enteropathogens causing clinical illness in humans and domestic animals is unclear. Salmonella enterica and anti-microbial resistant bacteria have been detected in the faeces of raccoons (Procyon lotor), but little is known about the carriage of these bacteria in other sympatric meso-mammals. Our objectives were to: (a) report the prevalence of Salmonella and associated anti-microbial resistance, Campylobacter spp, Clostridium difficile, and anti-microbial resistant Escherichia coli in the faeces of striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) and Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana) in southern Ontario; and (b) compare the prevalence of these bacteria in the faeces of these meso-mammal hosts with raccoons from a previously reported study. Faecal swabs were collected from striped skunks and Virginia opossums on five swine farms and five conservation areas from 2011 to 2013. Salmonella was detected in 41% (9/22) and 5% (5/95) of faecal swabs from Virginia opossums and striped skunks, respectively. None of the Salmonella serovars carried resistance to anti-microbials. The prevalence of Campylobacter spp., C. difficile, and anti-microbial resistant E. coli ranged from 6% to 22% in striped skunk and Virginia opossums. Using exact logistic regression, Salmonella was significantly more likely to be detected in faecal swabs of Virginia opossums than skunks and significantly less likely in faecal swabs from skunks than raccoons from a previously reported study. In addition, Campylobacter spp. was significantly more likely to be detected in raccoons than opossums. Salmonella Give was detected in 8/9 (89%) of Salmonella-positive Virginia opossum faecal swabs. Our results suggest that striped skunks and Virginia opossums have the potential to carry pathogenic enteric bacteria in their faeces. The high prevalence of Salmonella Give in Virginia opossum faecal swabs in this study as well as its common occurrence in other Virginia opossum studies throughout North America suggests Virginia opossums may be reservoirs of this serovar.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin J Bondo
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - David L Pearl
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicol Janecko
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard J Reid-Smith
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - E Jane Parmley
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Scott Weese
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joyce Rousseau
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eduardo Taboada
- National Microbiology Laboratory at Lethbridge, Public Health Agency of Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Steven Mutschall
- National Microbiology Laboratory at Lethbridge, Public Health Agency of Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Claire M Jardine
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Buss JE, Cresse M, Doyle S, Buchan BW, Craft DW, Young S. Campylobacter culture fails to correctly detect Campylobacter in 30% of positive patient stool specimens compared to non-cultural methods. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 38:1087-1093. [PMID: 30783889 PMCID: PMC6520473 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03499-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter diagnosis is hampered because many laboratories continue to use traditional stool culture, which is slow and suffers false-negative results. This large multi-site study used a composite reference method consisting of a new FDA-cleared immunoassay and four molecular techniques to compare to culture. Prospectively collected patient fecal specimens (1552) were first preliminarily categorized as positive or negative by traditional culture. All specimens were also tested by EIA, and any EIA-positive or culture-discrepant results were further characterized by 16S rRNA qPCR, eight species-specific PCR assays, bidirectional sequencing, and an FDA-cleared multiplex PCR panel. The five non-culture methods showed complete agreement on all positive and discrepant specimens which were then assigned as true-positive or true-negative specimens. Among 47 true-positive specimens, culture incorrectly identified 13 (28%) as negative, and 1 true-negative specimen as positive, for a sensitivity of 72.3%. Unexpectedly, among the true-positive specimens, 4 (8%) were the pathogenic species C. upsaliensis. Culture had a 30% false result rate compared to immunoassay and molecular methods. More accurate results lead to better diagnosis and treatment of suspected campylobacteriosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Blake W Buchan
- Wisconsin Diagnostic Laboratories, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - David W Craft
- Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center and College of Medicine, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Steve Young
- TriCore Reference Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mohan V, Habib I. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST), porA and flaA typing of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from cats attending a veterinary clinic. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:76. [PMID: 30717780 PMCID: PMC6360738 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4107-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Campylobacter is a major cause of gastroenteritis in humans and pet ownership is a risk factor for infection. To study the occurrence, species distribution and sequence-based types of Campylobacter spp. in pet cats, 82 faecal samples were collected from cats in New Zealand. The PCR positive samples of Campylobacter jejuni were characterized by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), major outer membrane protein gene (porA) and flagellin A gene (flaA) sequence typing. RESULTS Seven faecal samples were tested positive for Campylobacter spp. (9%, or 4-17% at 95% confidence interval), of which six were identified as C. jejuni, and one was C. upsaliensis. The six C. jejuni isolates were characterised by MLST; four belonged to ST-45 clonal complex and two of the isolates could not be typed. Two flaA-SVR types were identified: three samples were flaA-SVR type 8 and one belonged to 239. By combining all data, three isolates were indistinguishable with allelic combinations of ST-45, flaA-SVR 8, porA 44, although no epidemiological connection between these isolates could be established. To conclude, healthy cats can carry C. jejuni, whose detected genetic diversity is limited. The isolated sequence type ST-45 is frequently reported in human illnesses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vathsala Mohan
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Ihab Habib
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia Australia
- High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Clayton JB, Danzeisen JL, Johnson TJ, Trent AM, Hayer SS, Murphy T, Wuenschmann A, Elder M, Shen Z, Mannion A, Bryant E, Knights D, Fox JG. Characterization of Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter upsaliensis, and a novel Campylobacter sp. in a captive non-human primate zoological collection. J Med Primatol 2018; 48:114-122. [PMID: 30536921 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to longitudinally investigate the prevalence and characterization of Campylobacter spp. from non-human primates primate (NHP) with a history of endemic diarrhea housed at Como Park Zoo. METHODS Fecal samples from 33 symptom-free NHP belonging to eight different species were collected weekly for 9 weeks. Species-level characterization and phylogenetic analysis of isolates included biochemical testing and 16S rRNA sequencing. RESULTS Campylobacter spp. were isolated from the feces of 42% (14/33) of the primates. Three Campylobacter spp. (C upsaliensis, C jejuni, and novel Campylobacter sp.) were identified from three NHP species. A possible positive host Campylobacter species-specificity was observed. However, no statistical association was observed between the isolation of Campylobacter spp. and age and sex of the animal. CONCLUSIONS The study revealed the value of conducting repeated fecal sampling to establish the overall prevalence of Campylobacter in zoo-maintained NHP; it also importantly identifies a novel Campylobacter sp. isolated from white-faced saki monkeys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan B Clayton
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota.,GreenViet Biodiversity Conservation Center, Danang, Vietnam.,Primate Microbiome Project, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jessica L Danzeisen
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota
| | - Timothy J Johnson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota.,Primate Microbiome Project, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Mid-Central Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, Willmar, Minnesota
| | - Ava M Trent
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota
| | - Shivdeep S Hayer
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota
| | - Tami Murphy
- Como Park Zoo & Conservatory, Saint Paul, Minnesota
| | - Arno Wuenschmann
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota
| | - Megan Elder
- Como Park Zoo & Conservatory, Saint Paul, Minnesota
| | - Zeli Shen
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Anthony Mannion
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Erin Bryant
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Dan Knights
- Primate Microbiome Project, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota.,Biomedical Informatics and Computational Biology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - James G Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Campagnolo ER, Philipp LM, Long JM, Hanshaw NL. Pet-associated Campylobacteriosis: A persisting public health concern. Zoonoses Public Health 2017; 65:304-311. [PMID: 28834267 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter is regarded as a leading cause of human bacterial gastroenteritis in the United States. We report on a case of laboratory-confirmed Campylobacter jejuni infection in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania among members of a household living with a laboratory-confirmed but non-speciated Campylobacter-infected puppy. We describe an outbreak of likely dog-associated campylobacteriosis, the risk factors, potential routes of exposure and the clinical features in the exposed family members, which began shortly after exposure to the recently purchased dog. We also provide public health recommendations to prevent Campylobacter infections in veterinary care providers, pet owners and those planning to adopt pets in the future. Finally, this report underscores the importance of the One Health approach when public health responders, human and animal healthcare providers and clinical diagnostic laboratories are tasked with developing effective strategies when investigating, detecting and responding to zoonoses (diseases shared between animals and humans).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E R Campagnolo
- Pennsylvania Department of Health, Bureau of Epidemiology, Harrisburg, PA, USA.,Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of Public Health Preparedness and Response, Office of Science and Public Health Practice, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - L M Philipp
- Pennsylvania Department of Health, Bureau of Community Health Systems, Jackson Center, PA, USA
| | - J M Long
- Pennsylvania Department of Health, Bureau of Epidemiology, Harrisburg, PA, USA
| | - N L Hanshaw
- Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Animal Health and Diagnostic Services, Harrisburg, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mohan V, Stevenson MA, Marshall JC, French NP. Characterisation by multilocus sequence and porA and flaA typing of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from samples of dog faeces collected in one city in New Zealand. N Z Vet J 2017; 65:209-213. [PMID: 28372482 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2017.1311810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. and C. jejuni in dog faecal material collected from dog walkways in the city of Palmerston North, New Zealand, and to characterise the C. jejuni isolates by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and porA and flaA antigen gene typing. METHODS A total of 355 fresh samples of dogs faeces were collected from bins provided for the disposal of dog faeces in 10 walkways in Palmerston North, New Zealand, between August 2008-July 2009. Presumptive Campylobacter colonies, cultured on modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate plates, were screened for genus Campylobacter and C. jejuni by PCR. The C. jejuni isolates were subsequently characterised by MLST and porA and flaA typing, and C. jejuni sequence types (ST) were assigned. RESULTS Of the 355 samples collected, 72 (20 (95% CI=16-25)%) were positive for Campylobacter spp. and 22 (6 (95% CI=4-9)%) were positive for C. jejuni. Of the 22 C. jejuni isolates, 19 were fully typed by MLST. Ten isolates were assigned to the clonal complex ST-45 and three to ST-52. The allelic combinations of ST-45/flaA 21/porA 44 (n=3), ST-45/flaA 22/porA 53 (n=3) and ST-52/ flaA 57/porA 905 (n=3) were most frequent. CONCLUSIONS The successful isolation of C. jejuni from canine faecal samples collected from faecal bins provides evidence that Campylobacter spp. may survive outside the host for at least several hours despite requiring fastidious growth conditions in culture. The results show that dogs carry C. jejuni genotypes (ST-45, ST-50, ST-52 and ST-696) that have been reported in human clinical cases. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Although these results do not provide any evidence either for the direction of infection or for dogs being a potential risk factor for human campylobacteriosis, dog owners are advised to practice good hygiene with respect to their pets to reduce potential exposure to infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Mohan
- a mEpiLab, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences , Massey University , Palmerston North , New Zealand
| | - M A Stevenson
- b Faculty of Veterinary Science , University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria , Australia
| | - J C Marshall
- a mEpiLab, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences , Massey University , Palmerston North , New Zealand
| | - N P French
- a mEpiLab, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences , Massey University , Palmerston North , New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Leahy AM, Cummings KJ, Rodriguez-Rivera LD, Hamer SA, Lawhon SD. FaecalCampylobactershedding among dogs in animal shelters across Texas. Zoonoses Public Health 2017; 64:623-627. [DOI: 10.1111/zph.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Leahy
- Texas A&M University; College Station TX USA
| | | | | | - S. A. Hamer
- Texas A&M University; College Station TX USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bojanić K, Midwinter AC, Marshall JC, Rogers LE, Biggs PJ, Acke E. Isolation ofCampylobacterspp. from Client-Owned Dogs and Cats, and Retail Raw Meat Pet Food in the Manawatu, New Zealand. Zoonoses Public Health 2016; 64:438-449. [DOI: 10.1111/zph.12323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Bojanić
- m EpiLab; Hopkirk Research Institute; Massey University; Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - A. C. Midwinter
- m EpiLab; Hopkirk Research Institute; Massey University; Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - J. C. Marshall
- m EpiLab; Hopkirk Research Institute; Massey University; Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - L. E. Rogers
- m EpiLab; Hopkirk Research Institute; Massey University; Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - P. J. Biggs
- m EpiLab; Hopkirk Research Institute; Massey University; Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - E. Acke
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital; Institute of Veterinary; Animal and Biomedical Sciences; Massey University; Palmerston North New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bojanić K, Midwinter AC, Marshall JC, Rogers LE, Biggs PJ, Acke E. Variation in the limit-of-detection of the ProSpecT Campylobacter microplate enzyme immunoassay in stools spiked with emerging Campylobacter species. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 127:236-241. [PMID: 27317896 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter enteritis in humans is primarily associated with C. jejuni/coli infection. The impact of other Campylobacter spp. is likely to be underestimated due to the bias of culture methods towards Campylobacter jejuni/coli diagnosis. Stool antigen tests are becoming increasingly popular and appear generally less species-specific. A review of independent studies of the ProSpecT® Campylobacter Microplate enzyme immunoassay (EIA) developed for C. jejuni/coli showed comparable diagnostic results to culture methods but the examination of non-jejuni/coli Campylobacter spp. was limited and the limit-of-detection (LOD), where reported, varied between studies. This study investigated LOD of EIA for Campylobacter upsaliensis, Campylobacter hyointestinalis and Campylobacter helveticus spiked in human stools. Multiple stools and Campylobacter isolates were used in three different concentrations (10(4)-10(9)CFU/ml) to reflect sample heterogeneity. All Campylobacter species evaluated were detectable by EIA. Multivariate analysis showed LOD varied between Campylobacter spp. and faecal consistency as fixed effects and individual faecal samples as random effects. EIA showed excellent performance in replicate testing for both within and between batches of reagents, in agreement between visual and spectrophotometric reading of results, and returned no discordance between the bacterial concentrations within independent dilution test runs (positive results with lower but not higher concentrations). This study shows how limitations in experimental procedures lead to an overestimation of consistency and uniformity of LOD for EIA that may not hold under routine use in diagnostic laboratories. Benefits and limitations for clinical practice and the influence on estimates of performance characteristics from detection of multiple Campylobacter spp. by EIA are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krunoslav Bojanić
- (m)EpiLab, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Anne Camilla Midwinter
- (m)EpiLab, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - Jonathan Craig Marshall
- (m)EpiLab, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Lynn Elizabeth Rogers
- (m)EpiLab, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; MedLab Central Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Patrick Jon Biggs
- (m)EpiLab, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Els Acke
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hatta Y, Omatsu T, Tsuchiaka S, Katayama Y, Taniguchi S, Masangkay JS, Puentespina R, Eres E, Cosico E, Une Y, Yoshikawa Y, Maeda K, Kyuwa S, Mizutani T. Detection of Campylobacter jejuni in rectal swab samples from Rousettus amplexicaudatus in the Philippines. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 78:1347-50. [PMID: 27109214 PMCID: PMC5053940 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Bats are the second diversity species of mammals and widely distributed in the world.
They are thought to be reservoir and vectors of zoonotic pathogens. However, there is
scarce report of the evidence of pathogenic bacteria kept in bats. The precise knowledge
of the pathogenic bacteria in bat microbiota is important for zoonosis control. Thus,
metagenomic analysis targeting the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA of the rectal microbiota
in Rousettus amplexicaudatus was performed using high throughput
sequencing. The results revealed that 103 genera of bacteria including
Camplyobacter were detected. Campylobacter was second
predominant genus, and Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter
jejuni were identified in microbiome of R. amplexicaudatus.
Campylobacteriosis is one of the serious bacterial diarrhea in human, and the most often
implicated species as the causative agent of campylobacteriosis is C.
jejuni. Therefore, we investigated the prevalence of C. jejuni
in 91 wild bats with PCR. As a result of PCR assay targeted on 16S-23S intergenic spacer,
partial genome of C. jejuni was detected only in five R.
amplexicaudatus. This is the first report that C. jejuni was
detected in bat rectal swab samples. C. jejuni is the most common cause
of campylobacteriosis in humans, transmitted through water and contact with livestock
animals. This result indicated that R. amplexicaudatus may be a carrier
of C. jejuni.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hatta
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pintar KDM, Christidis T, Thomas MK, Anderson M, Nesbitt A, Keithlin J, Marshall B, Pollari F. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Campylobacter spp. Prevalence and Concentration in Household Pets and Petting Zoo Animals for Use in Exposure Assessments. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144976. [PMID: 26683667 PMCID: PMC4684323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal contact is a potential transmission route for campylobacteriosis, and both domestic household pet and petting zoo exposures have been identified as potential sources of exposure. Research has typically focussed on the prevalence, concentration, and transmission of zoonoses from farm animals to humans, yet there are gaps in our understanding of these factors among animals in contact with the public who don't live on or visit farms. This study aims to quantify, through a systematic review and meta-analysis, the prevalence and concentration of Campylobacter carriage in household pets and petting zoo animals. Four databases were accessed for the systematic review (PubMed, CAB direct, ProQuest, and Web of Science) for papers published in English from 1992-2012, and studies were included if they examined the animal population of interest, assessed prevalence or concentration with fecal, hair coat, oral, or urine exposure routes (although only articles that examined fecal routes were found), and if the research was based in Canada, USA, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand. Studies were reviewed for qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis by two reviewers, compiled into a database, and relevant studies were used to create a weighted mean prevalence value. There were insufficient data to run a meta-analysis of concentration values, a noted study limitation. The mean prevalence of Campylobacter in petting zoo animals is 6.5% based on 7 studies, and in household pets the mean is 24.7% based on 34 studies. Our estimated concentration values were: 7.65x103cfu/g for petting zoo animals, and 2.9x105cfu/g for household pets. These results indicate that Campylobacter prevalence and concentration are lower in petting zoo animals compared with household pets and that both of these animal sources have a lower prevalence compared with farm animals that do not come into contact with the public. There is a lack of studies on Campylobacter in petting zoos and/or fair animals in Canada and abroad. Within this literature, knowledge gaps were identified, and include: a lack of concentration data reported in the literature for Campylobacter spp. in animal feces, a distinction between ill and diarrheic pets in the reported studies, noted differences in shedding and concentrations for various subtypes of Campylobacter, and consistent reporting between studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarina D. M. Pintar
- Centre for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tanya Christidis
- Centre for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - M. Kate Thomas
- Centre for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maureen Anderson
- Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Nesbitt
- Centre for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica Keithlin
- Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Barbara Marshall
- Centre for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frank Pollari
- Centre for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Practical Guidance for Clinical Microbiology Laboratories: Diagnosis of Bacterial Gastroenteritis. Clin Microbiol Rev 2015; 28:3-31. [PMID: 25567220 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00073-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial gastroenteritis is a disease that is pervasive in both the developing and developed worlds. While for the most part bacterial gastroenteritis is self-limiting, identification of an etiological agent by bacterial stool culture is required for the management of patients with severe or prolonged diarrhea, symptoms consistent with invasive disease, or a history that may predict a complicated course of disease. Importantly, characterization of bacterial enteropathogens from stool cultures in clinical laboratories is one of the primary means by which public health officials identify and track outbreaks of bacterial gastroenteritis. This article provides guidance for clinical microbiology laboratories that perform stool cultures. The general characteristics, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations of key bacterial enteropathogens are summarized. Information regarding optimal specimen collection, transport, and processing and current diagnostic tests and testing algorithms is provided. This article is an update of Cumitech 12A (P. H. Gilligan, J. M. Janda, M. A. Karmali, and J. M. Miller, Cumitech 12A, Laboratory diagnosis of bacterial diarrhea, 1992).
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent work has added to the understanding of the burden of Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, and non-jejuni/coli Campylobacter strains in children living in the developing world. RECENT FINDINGS New diagnostic modalities and carefully designed field studies are demonstrating that the burden of Campylobacter diarrhea in children in the developing world has been greatly underestimated. Furthermore, there is emerging recognition of an association between Campylobacter infection and malnutrition. Important progress has been made toward a Campylobacter jejuni vaccine. Finally, evidence of antibiotic resistance continues to be an important issue that is accentuated by the realization that the burden of disease is greater than previously recognized. SUMMARY Additional research is needed to refine our understanding of the epidemiology of Campylobacter infections in developing countries, in particular to improve estimates of the burden of Campylobacter diarrhea in endemic settings, to determine the impact of recurrent Campylobacter infections on child development, and to describe the prevalence and clinical significance of non-jejuni/coli Campylobacter infections. Progressive antibiotic resistance of isolates argues for augmented and expanded control measures of antibiotics in livestock. Continued work in vaccine development is warranted as is the extension of data available on the serotypes related to burden in different areas of the world and the relationship of serotypes to disease severity.
Collapse
|
20
|
Holmberg M, Rosendal T, Engvall EO, Ohlson A, Lindberg A. Prevalence of thermophilic Campylobacter species in Swedish dogs and characterization of C. jejuni isolates. Acta Vet Scand 2015; 57:19. [PMID: 25884591 PMCID: PMC4389321 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-015-0108-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of Campylobacter species in Swedish dogs, to identify the species of the Campylobacter isolates and to genotype the C. jejuni isolates. Young and healthy dogs were targeted and the sampling was performed at 11 veterinary clinics throughout Sweden from October 2011 to October 2012. Faecal swab samples were collected and sent to the laboratory at the National Veterinary Institute (SVA) for isolation of Campylobacter, speciation and genotyping. RESULTS Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 67 of the 180 sampled dogs which yields an overall prevalence of 37%. The most prevalent species of Campylobacter among the participating dogs was C. upsaliensis with 52 of the 67 identified isolates. A lower prevalence was observed for C. jejuni with seven identified isolates and one isolate was identified as C. helveticus. Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) was carried out on the seven C. jejuni isolates and all sequence types that were found are also commonly found in humans. The dogs were divided into three age groups; 1) under 12 months, 2) 12 to 23 months and 3) 24 months and older. The highest prevalence was found in the two younger age groups. Dogs shedding C. jejuni were between 3-12 months of age while dogs shedding C. upsaliensis were found in all ages. CONCLUSIONS The present investigation finds that Campylobacter spp. known to cause campylobacteriosis in humans are present in Swedish dogs. The results suggest an age predisposition where dogs under 2 years of age are more likely to shed Campylobacter spp. than older dogs. The most commonly isolated species was C. upsaliensis followed by C. jejuni, which was only detected in dogs up to 12 months of age. All C. jejuni isolates identified in the present study were of the same MLST types that have previously been described both in humans and in animals. The awareness of the Campylobacter risk of healthy young dogs may be an important way to reduce the transmission from dogs to infants, young children and immunocompromised adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mia Holmberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, National Veterinary Institute, SVA, SE-751 89, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Thomas Rosendal
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, National Veterinary Institute, SVA, SE-751 89, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Eva O Engvall
- Department of Bacteriology, National Veterinary Institute, SVA, SE-751 89, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Anna Ohlson
- Växa Sverige, Box 30204, SE-104 25, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Ann Lindberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, National Veterinary Institute, SVA, SE-751 89, Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mohan V. Faeco-prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni in urban wild birds and pets in New Zealand. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:1. [PMID: 25645429 PMCID: PMC4417317 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-8-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Greater attention has been given to Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) prevalence in poultry and ruminants as they are regarded as the major contributing reservoirs of human campylobacteriosis. However, relatively little work has been done to assess the prevalence in urban wild birds and pets in New Zealand, a country with the highest campylobacteriosis notification rates. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess the faeco-prevalence of C. jejuni in urban wild birds and pets and its temporal trend in the Manawatu region of New Zealand. Findings A repeated cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2008 to July 2009, where faecal samples were collected from 906 ducks, 835 starlings, 23 Canadian goose, 2 swans, 2 pied stilts, 498 dogs and 82 cats. The faeco-prevalence of C. jejuni was 20% in ducks, 18% in starlings, 9% in Canadian goose, 5% in dogs and 7% in cats. The faeco-prevalence of C. jejuni was relatively higher during warmer months of the year in ducks, starlings and dogs while starlings showed increased winter prevalence. No such trend could be assessed in Canadian goose, swans, pied stilts and cats as samples could not be collected for the entire study period from these species. Conclusions This study estimated the faeco-prevalence of C. jejuni in different animal species where the prevalence was relatively high during warmer months in general. However, there was relative increase in winter prevalence in starlings. The urban wild bird species and pets may be considered potential risk factors for human campylobacteriosis in New Zealand, particularly in small children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vathsala Mohan
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. .,Post-Doctoral Scientist, AgResearch, Grasslands, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yoo JH, Choi NY, Bae YM, Lee JS, Lee SY. Development of a selective agar plate for the detection of Campylobacter spp. in fresh produce. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 189:67-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
23
|
Iraola G, Pérez R, Naya H, Paolicchi F, Pastor E, Valenzuela S, Calleros L, Velilla A, Hernández M, Morsella C. Genomic evidence for the emergence and evolution of pathogenicity and niche preferences in the genus Campylobacter. Genome Biol Evol 2014; 6:2392-405. [PMID: 25193310 PMCID: PMC4202331 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evu195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Campylobacter includes some of the most relevant pathogens for human and animal health; the continuous effort in their characterization has also revealed new species putatively involved in different kind of infections. Nowadays, the available genomic data for the genus comprise a wide variety of species with different pathogenic potential and niche preferences. In this work, we contribute to enlarge this available information presenting the first genome for the species Campylobacter sputorum bv. sputorum and use this and the already sequenced organisms to analyze the emergence and evolution of pathogenicity and niche preferences among Campylobacter species. We found that campylobacters can be unequivocally distinguished in established and putative pathogens depending on their repertory of virulence genes, which have been horizontally acquired from other bacteria because the nonpathogenic Campylobacter ancestor emerged, and posteriorly interchanged between some members of the genus. Additionally, we demonstrated the role of both horizontal gene transfers and diversifying evolution in niche preferences, being able to distinguish genetic features associated to the tropism for oral, genital, and gastrointestinal tissues. In particular, we highlight the role of nonsynonymous evolution of disulphide bond proteins, the invasion antigen B (CiaB), and other secreted proteins in the determination of niche preferences. Our results arise from assessing the previously unmet goal of considering the whole available Campylobacter diversity for genome comparisons, unveiling notorious genetic features that could explain particular phenotypes and set the basis for future research in Campylobacter biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Iraola
- Unidad de Bioinformática, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ruben Pérez
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Hugo Naya
- Unidad de Bioinformática, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay Departamento de Producción Animal y Pasturas, Facultad de Agronomía, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Fernando Paolicchi
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Unidad Integrada INTA-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Eugenia Pastor
- Unidad de Bioinformática, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Lucía Calleros
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alejandra Velilla
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Unidad Integrada INTA-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Martín Hernández
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Claudia Morsella
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Unidad Integrada INTA-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Balcarce, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Fontanot M, Iacumin L, Cecchini F, Comi G, Manzano M. PorA specific primers for the identification of Campylobacter species in food and clinical samples. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
25
|
Fontanot M, Iacumin L, Cecchini F, Comi G, Manzano M. Rapid detection and differentiation of important Campylobacter spp. in poultry samples by dot blot and PCR. Food Microbiol 2014; 43:28-34. [PMID: 24929879 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The detection of Campylobacter, the most commonly reported cause of foodborne gastroenteritis in the European Union, is very important for human health. The most commonly recognised risk factor for infection is the handling and/or consumption of undercooked poultry meat. The methods typically applied to evaluate the presence/absence of Campylobacter in food samples are direct plating and/or enrichment culture based on the Horizontal Method for Detection and Enumeration of Campylobacter spp. (ISO 10272-1B: 2006) and PCR. Molecular methods also allow for the detection of cells that are viable but cannot be cultivated on agar media and that decrease the time required for species identification. The current study proposes the use of two molecular methods for species identification: dot blot and PCR. The dot blot method had a sensitivity of 25 ng for detection of DNA extracted from a pure culture using a digoxigenin-labelled probe for hybridisation; the target DNA was extracted from the enrichment broth at 24 h. PCR was performed using a pair of sensitive and specific primers for the detection of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli after 24 h of enrichment in Preston broth. The initial samples were contaminated by 5 × 10 C. jejuni cells/g and 1.5 × 10(2)C. coli cells/g, thus the number of cells present in the enrichment broth at 0 h was 1 or 3 cell/g, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fontanot
- Department of Food Science, University of Udine, Via Sondrio 2/A, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Lucilla Iacumin
- Department of Food Science, University of Udine, Via Sondrio 2/A, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Francesca Cecchini
- Department of Food Science, University of Udine, Via Sondrio 2/A, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Comi
- Department of Food Science, University of Udine, Via Sondrio 2/A, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Marisa Manzano
- Department of Food Science, University of Udine, Via Sondrio 2/A, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
A Microbial Who's Who. Food Saf (Tokyo) 2014. [DOI: 10.1128/9781555816186.app1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
27
|
van Alphen LB, Wenzel CQ, Richards MR, Fodor C, Ashmus RA, Stahl M, Karlyshev AV, Wren BW, Stintzi A, Miller WG, Lowary TL, Szymanski CM. Biological roles of the O-methyl phosphoramidate capsule modification in Campylobacter jejuni. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87051. [PMID: 24498018 PMCID: PMC3907429 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, and the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) of this organism is required for persistence and disease. C. jejuni produces over 47 different capsular structures, including a unique O-methyl phosphoramidate (MeOPN) modification present on most C. jejuni isolates. Although the MeOPN structure is rare in nature it has structural similarity to some synthetic pesticides. In this study, we have demonstrated, by whole genome comparisons and high resolution magic angle spinning NMR, that MeOPN modifications are common to several Campylobacter species. Using MeOPN biosynthesis and transferase mutants generated in C. jejuni strain 81-176, we observed that loss of MeOPN from the cell surface correlated with increased invasion of Caco-2 epithelial cells and reduced resistance to killing by human serum. In C. jejuni, the observed serum mediated killing was determined to result primarily from activation of the classical complement pathway. The C. jejuni MeOPN transferase mutant showed similar levels of colonization relative to the wild-type in chickens, but showed a five-fold drop in colonization when co-infected with the wild-type in piglets. In Galleria mellonella waxmoth larvae, the MeOPN transferase mutant was able to kill the insects at wild-type levels. Furthermore, injection of the larvae with MeOPN-linked monosaccharides or CPS purified from the wild-type strain did not result in larval killing, indicating that MeOPN does not have inherent insecticidal activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lieke B. van Alphen
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cory Q. Wenzel
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michele R. Richards
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christopher Fodor
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Roger A. Ashmus
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Martin Stahl
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Brendan W. Wren
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alain Stintzi
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - William G. Miller
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Albany, California, United States of America
| | - Todd L. Lowary
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christine M. Szymanski
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Procter TD, Pearl DL, Finley RL, Leonard EK, Janecko N, Reid-Smith RJ, Weese JS, Peregrine AS, Sargeant JM. A Cross-Sectional Study ExaminingCampylobacterand Other Zoonotic Enteric Pathogens in Dogs that Frequent Dog Parks in Three Cities in South-Western Ontario and Risk Factors for Shedding ofCampylobacterspp. Zoonoses Public Health 2013; 61:208-18. [DOI: 10.1111/zph.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. D. Procter
- Department of Population Medicine; Ontario Veterinary College; University of Guelph; Guelph ON Canada
- Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses; University of Guelph; Guelph ON Canada
| | - D. L. Pearl
- Department of Population Medicine; Ontario Veterinary College; University of Guelph; Guelph ON Canada
- Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses; University of Guelph; Guelph ON Canada
| | - R. L. Finley
- Department of Population Medicine; Ontario Veterinary College; University of Guelph; Guelph ON Canada
- Centre for Food-borne; Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases; Public Health Agency of Canada; Guelph ON Canada
| | - E. K. Leonard
- Department of Population Medicine; Ontario Veterinary College; University of Guelph; Guelph ON Canada
| | - N. Janecko
- Department of Population Medicine; Ontario Veterinary College; University of Guelph; Guelph ON Canada
- Laboratory of Foodborne Zoonoses; Public Health Agency of Canada; Guelph ON Canada
| | - R. J. Reid-Smith
- Department of Population Medicine; Ontario Veterinary College; University of Guelph; Guelph ON Canada
- Laboratory of Foodborne Zoonoses; Public Health Agency of Canada; Guelph ON Canada
- Department of Pathobiology; Ontario Veterinary College; University of Guelph; Guelph ON Canada
| | - J. S. Weese
- Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses; University of Guelph; Guelph ON Canada
- Department of Pathobiology; Ontario Veterinary College; University of Guelph; Guelph ON Canada
| | - A. S. Peregrine
- Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses; University of Guelph; Guelph ON Canada
- Department of Pathobiology; Ontario Veterinary College; University of Guelph; Guelph ON Canada
| | - J. M. Sargeant
- Department of Population Medicine; Ontario Veterinary College; University of Guelph; Guelph ON Canada
- Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses; University of Guelph; Guelph ON Canada
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Campylobacter spp., C. jejuni and C. upsaliensis infection-associated factors in healthy and ill dogs from clinics in Cordoba, Spain. Screening tests for antimicrobial susceptibility. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 35:505-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2012.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 04/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
30
|
Detection of Campylobacter species and Arcobacter butzleri in stool samples by use of real-time multiplex PCR. J Clin Microbiol 2012; 51:253-9. [PMID: 23152553 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01716-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of Campylobacter (or Campylobacter-like) species in stools from patients suspected of infectious gastroenteritis (n = 493) was investigated using real-time PCR for detection of Arcobacter butzleri (hsp60 gene), Campylobacter coli (ceuE gene), Campylobacter jejuni (mapA), five acknowledged pathogenic Campylobacter spp. (C16S_Lund assay), and the Campylobacter genus (C16S_LvI assay). In total, 71.4% of the samples were positive for Campylobacter DNA (n = 352) by a Campylobacter genus-specific (C16S_LvI) assay. A total of 23 samples (4.7%) were positive in the C16S_Lund assay, used for detection of C. jejuni, C. coli, C. lari, C. upsaliensis, and C. hyointestinalis. Subsequent identification of these samples yielded detection frequencies (DF) of 4.1% (C. jejuni), 0.4% (C. coli), and 0.4% (C. upsaliensis). The DF of A. butzleri was 0.4%. Interestingly, sequencing of a subgroup (n = 46) of C16S_LvI PCR-positive samples resulted in a considerable number of Campylobacter concisus-positive samples (n = 20). PCR-positive findings with the C16S_Lund and C. jejuni/C. coli-specific assays were associated with more serious clinical symptoms (diarrhea and blood). Threshold cycle (C(T)) values of C. jejuni/C. coli PCR-positive samples were comparable to those of the C16S_Lund PCR (P = 0.21). C(T) values for both assays were significantly lower than those of the C16S_LvI assay (P < 0.001 and P < 0.00001, respectively). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that in combination, the C. jejuni/C coli-specific assays and the C16S_Lund assay are both useful for routine screening purposes. Furthermore, the DF of the emerging pathogen C. concisus was at least similar to the DF of C. jejuni.
Collapse
|
31
|
Hoar BM, Whiteside DP, Ward L, Douglas Inglis G, Morck DW. Evaluation of the enteric microflora of captive whooping cranes (Grus americana) and sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis). Zoo Biol 2012; 26:141-53. [PMID: 19360567 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.20125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The enteric flora of captive whooping cranes (Grus americana) and sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) has not been well described, despite its potential importance in the understanding of both the normal condition of the intestinal physiology of these animals and the altered colonization within disease states in these birds. Nineteen whooping cranes and 23 sandhill cranes housed currently at the Calgary Zoo or its affiliated Devonian Wildlife Conservation Centre (DWCC) in Calgary, Alberta were sampled from October 2004-February 2005 by collecting aerobic and anaerobic cloacal swabs from each bird. There were seven major groupings of bacteria isolated from both species of crane. Gram-positive cocci, coliforms, and gram-negative bacilli were the most prevalent types of bacteria isolated for both crane species, with Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Streptococcus Group D, not Enterococcus the bacterial species isolated most commonly. There was a significant difference in the average number of isolates per individual between the two crane species but no differences between age or gender categories within crane species. Campylobacter sp. were isolated from five whooping cranes. The potential zoonotic pathogen Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from one whooping crane and C. upsaliensis was isolated from a second. Three other isolates were unspeciated members of the Campylobacter genus and likely belong to a species undescribed previously. The evaluation of the enteric cloacal flora of whooping cranes and sandhill cranes illustrates that differences exist between these two closely related crane species, and highlights the potential implications these differences may have for current practices involving captive wildlife. Zoo Biol 0:1-13, 2007. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryanne M Hoar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Cornelius AJ, Chambers S, Aitken J, Brandt SM, Horn B, On SLW. Epsilonproteobacteria in humans, New Zealand. Emerg Infect Dis 2012; 18:510-2. [PMID: 22377283 PMCID: PMC3309574 DOI: 10.3201/eid1803.110875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Using PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, we examined 49 fecal samples from healthy volunteers and 128 diarrhea specimens to assess the distribution of Epsilonproteobacteria that might be routinely overlooked. Our results suggest that certain taxa that are not routinely examined for could account for a proportion of diarrhea of previously unknown etiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela J Cornelius
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Multilocus sequence typing of human and canine C. upsaliensis isolates. Vet Microbiol 2012; 157:391-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
34
|
Ahmed R, León-Velarde C, Odumeru J. Evaluation of novel agars for the enumeration of Campylobacter spp. in poultry retail samples. J Microbiol Methods 2012; 88:304-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2011.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
35
|
Abstract
A growing number of Campylobacter species other than C. jejuni and C. coli have been recognized as emerging human and animal pathogens. Although C. jejuni continues to be the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans worldwide, advances in molecular biology and development of innovative culture methodologies have led to the detection and isolation of a range of under-recognized and nutritionally fastidious Campylobacter spp., including C. concisus, C. upsaliensis and C. ureolyticus. These emerging Campylobacter spp. have been associated with a range of gastrointestinal diseases, particularly gastroenteritis, IBD and periodontitis. In some instances, infection of the gastrointestinal tract by these bacteria can progress to life-threatening extragastrointestinal diseases. Studies have shown that several emerging Campylobacter spp. have the ability to attach to and invade human intestinal epithelial cells and macrophages, damage intestinal barrier integrity, secrete toxins and strategically evade host immune responses. Members of the Campylobacter genus naturally colonize a wide range of hosts (including pets, farm animals and wild animals) and are frequently found in contaminated food products, which indicates that these bacteria are at risk of zoonotic transmission to humans. This Review presents the latest information on the role and clinical importance of emerging Campylobacter spp. in gastrointestinal health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si Ming Man
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Weese JS. Bacterial enteritis in dogs and cats: diagnosis, therapy, and zoonotic potential. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2011; 41:287-309. [PMID: 21486637 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2010.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A variety of bacteria are known or suspected of being able to cause enteritis in dogs and cats. Campylobacter spp, Clostridium difficile, Clostridium perfringens, and Salmonella spp are most commonly implicated, but many other organisms are likely involved. Poor understanding of the intestinal microflora and the fact that many, if not all, of these microorganisms can also be found in healthy individuals complicates testing, thereby affecting the use of specific treatments and assessment of potential infection control and zoonotic disease risks. An understanding of the strengths and limitations of various diagnostic options is important for the management of canine and feline enteritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Scott Weese
- Department of Pathobiology, Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Factors related toCampylobacterspp. carriage in client-owned dogs visiting veterinary clinics in a region of Ontario, Canada. Epidemiol Infect 2011; 139:1531-41. [DOI: 10.1017/s0950268810002906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYFrom July 2008 until May 2009, 240 client-owned pet dogs from seven veterinary clinics in the Region of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada participated in a study to determine pet-related management factors that may be associated with the presence ofCampylobacterspp. in dogs. The prevalence ofCampylobacterspp. carriage in our study population of pet dogs was 22%, with 19% of the dogs positive forC. upsaliensis, and 3% positive forC. jejuni. A significant risk factor from multivariable logistic regression models for bothCampylobacterspp. andC. upsaliensiscarriage was having homemade cooked food as the dog's diet or added to its diet, and a significant sparing factor for both models was treatment with antibiotics in the previous month. Increasing age of the dog decreased the odds ofCampylobacterspp. andC. upsaliensiscarriage. Based on the high prevalence ofCampylobacter, and specificallyC. upsaliensis, further research concerning pet dogs as a risk factor for campylobacteriosis in humans is warranted.
Collapse
|
38
|
Enteric campylobacteria and RNA viruses associated with healthy and diarrheic humans in the Chinook health region of southwestern Alberta, Canada. J Clin Microbiol 2010; 49:209-19. [PMID: 21106791 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01220-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of Campylobacter species and enteric RNA viruses in stools from diarrheic (n = 442) and healthy (n = 58) humans living in southwestern Alberta was examined (May to October 2005). A large number of diarrheic individuals who were culture negative for C. jejuni (n = 54) or C. coli (n = 19) were PCR positive for these taxa. Overall detection rates for C. jejuni and C. coli in diarrheic stools were 29% and 5%, respectively. In contrast, 3% and 0% of stools from healthy humans were positive for these taxa, respectively. Infection with C. jejuni was endemic over the study period. However, there was no difference in infection rates between individuals living in urban or rural locations. Stools from a large number of diarrheic (74%) and healthy (88%) individuals were positive for Campylobacter DNA. The prevalence rates of C. concisus, C. curvus, C. fetus, C. gracilis, C. helveticus, C. hominis, C. hyointestinalis, C. mucosalis, C. showae, C. sputorum, and C. upsaliensis DNA were either not significantly different or were significantly lower in stools from diarrheic than from healthy individuals. No C. lanienae or C. lari DNA was detected. Stools from 4% and 0% of diarrheic and healthy humans, respectively, were positive for rotavirus, sapovirus, or norovirus (GI/GII). Our results showed a high prevalence of diarrheic individuals living in southwestern Alberta who were infected by C. jejuni and, to a lesser extent, by C. coli. However, other Campylobacter species, norovirus, rotavirus, sapovirus, and bovine enteric calicivirus were either inconsequential pathogens during the study period or are not pathogens at all.
Collapse
|
39
|
Parsons BN, Williams NJ, Pinchbeck GL, Christley RM, Hart CA, Gaskell RM, Dawson S. Prevalence and shedding patterns of Campylobacter spp. in longitudinal studies of kennelled dogs. Vet J 2010; 190:249-254. [PMID: 21094061 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2010] [Revised: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Dog ownership is considered a risk factor for campylobacteriosis in humans. This study investigated the prevalence and shedding of Campylobacter spp. in kennelled dogs. Faecal samples (n=399) were collected in longitudinal studies from 52 dogs in two kennels. Campylobacter spp. were isolated using charcoal-based selective agars and direct PCR. The prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in dogs in boarding kennels ranged from 46% (95% CI 22, 72) on entry, to 50% (95% CI 30, 70) overall, and in dogs in 'rescue' kennels from 68% (95% CI 49, 84) on entry to 73% (95%, CI 56, 87) overall. C. upsaliensis was isolated from 62% (95% CI 48, 73) of the dogs, whilst C. jejuni was isolated from 15% (95% CI 7, 26) of animals. The majority of infected dogs entered the kennels already carrying Campylobacter spp., and remained infected throughout their stay. However, in some cases, shedding appeared to commence after kennelling. Given that the prevalence of C. upsaliensis and C. jejuni was relatively high in dogs from both boarding and rescue kennels, such animals may pose a zoonotic risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B N Parsons
- Small Animal Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology Groups, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Leahurst, Chester High Road, Neston CH64 7TE, UK.
| | - N J Williams
- Small Animal Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology Groups, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Leahurst, Chester High Road, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
| | - G L Pinchbeck
- Small Animal Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology Groups, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Leahurst, Chester High Road, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
| | - R M Christley
- Small Animal Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology Groups, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Leahurst, Chester High Road, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
| | - C A Hart
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - R M Gaskell
- Small Animal Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology Groups, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Leahurst, Chester High Road, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
| | - S Dawson
- Small Animal Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology Groups, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Leahurst, Chester High Road, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lynch Ó, Cagney C, McDowell D, Duffy G. A method for the growth and recovery of 17 species of Campylobacter and its subsequent application to inoculated beef. J Microbiol Methods 2010; 83:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2010.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2010] [Revised: 05/28/2010] [Accepted: 06/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
41
|
Martiny D, Dediste A, Debruyne L, Vlaes L, Haddou NB, Vandamme P, Vandenberg O. Accuracy of the API Campy system, the Vitek 2 Neisseria-Haemophilus card and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the identification of Campylobacter and related organisms. Clin Microbiol Infect 2010; 17:1001-6. [PMID: 20673261 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2010.03328.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Biochemical identification of Campylobacter and related organisms is not always specific, and may lead to diagnostic errors. The API Campy, the Vitek 2 system and matrix-assisted desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) are commercially available methods that are routinely used for the identification of these microorganisms. In the present study, we used 224 clinical isolates and ten reference strains previously identified by multiple PCR assays, whole cell protein profiling and either DNA-DNA hybridization or sequencing analysis to compare the reliability of these three methods for the identification of Campylobacter and related pathogens. The API Campy accurately identified 94.4% of Campylobacter jejuni ssp. jejuni and 73.8% of Campylobacter coli, but failed to correctly identify 52.3% of other Epsilobacteria. The Vitek 2 Neisseria-Haemophilus card correctly identified most C. jejuni ssp.jejuni (89.6%) and C. coli (87.7%) strains, which account for the majority of campylobacterioses reported in humans, but it failed in the identification of all of the other species. Despite a good identification rate for both C. jejuni ssp. jejuni and C. coli, both methods showed poor sensitivity in the identification of related organisms, and additional tests were frequently needed. In contrast to API Campy and Vitek, MALDI-TOF MS correctly identified 100% of C. coli and C. jejuni strains tested. With an overall sensitivity of 98.3% and a short response time, this technology appears to be a reliable and promising method for the routine identification of Campylobacter and other Epsilobacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Martiny
- National Reference Centre for Enteric Campylobacter, Saint Pierre University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Chaban B, Ngeleka M, Hill JE. Detection and quantification of 14 Campylobacter species in pet dogs reveals an increase in species richness in feces of diarrheic animals. BMC Microbiol 2010; 10:73. [PMID: 20219122 PMCID: PMC2848019 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-10-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The genus Campylobacter includes many species, some of which are known human and animal pathogens. Even though studies have repeatedly identified domestic dogs as a risk factor for human campylobacteriosis, our understanding of Campylobacter ecology in this reservoir is limited. Work to date has focused primarily on a limited number of species using culture-based methods. To expand our understanding of Campylobacter ecology in dogs, a collection of fecal samples from 70 healthy and 65 diarrheic pet dogs were examined for the presence and levels of 14 Campylobacter species using quantitative PCR. Results It was found that 58% of healthy dogs and 97% of diarrheic dogs shed detectable levels of Campylobacter spp., with C. coli, C. concisus, C. fetus, C. gracilis, C. helveticus, C. jejuni, C. lari, C. mucosalis, C. showae, C. sputorum and C. upsaliensis levels significantly higher in the diarrheic population. Levels of individual Campylobacter species detected ranged from 103 to 108 organisms per gram of feces. In addition, many individual samples contained multiple species of Campylobacter, with healthy dogs carrying from 0-7 detectable species while diarrheic dogs carried from 0-12 detectable species. Conclusions These findings represent the largest number of Campylobacter species specifically tested for in animals and is the first report to determine quantifiable levels of Campylobacter being shed from dogs. This study demonstrates that domestic dogs can carry a wide range of Campylobacter species naturally and that there is a notable increase in species richness detectable in the diarrheic population. With several of the detected Campylobacter species known or emerging pathogens, these results are relevant to both ecological and public health discussions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie Chaban
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
A New Multiplexed Real-Time PCR Assay to Detect Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, C. lari, and C. upsaliensis. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-009-9110-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
44
|
Development of cpn60-based real-time quantitative PCR assays for the detection of 14 Campylobacter species and application to screening of canine fecal samples. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 75:3055-61. [PMID: 19304828 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00101-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter species are important organisms in both human and animal health. The identification of Campylobacter currently requires the growth of organisms from complex samples and biochemical identification. In many cases, the condition of the sample being tested and/or the fastidious nature of many Campylobacter species has limited the detection of campylobacters in a laboratory setting. To address this, we have designed a set of real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays to detect and quantify 14 Campylobacter species, C. coli, C. concisus, C. curvus, C. fetus, C. gracilis, C. helveticus, C. hyointestinalis, C. jejuni, C. lari, C. mucosalis, C. rectus, C. showae, C. sputorum, and C. upsaliensis, directly from DNA extracted from feces. By use of a region of the cpn60 (also known as hsp60 or groEL) gene, which encodes the universally conserved 60-kDa chaperonin, species-specific assays were designed and validated. These assays were then employed to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter species in fecal samples from dogs. Fecal samples were found to contain detectable and quantifiable levels of C. fetus, C. gracilis, C. helveticus, C. jejuni, C. showae, and C. upsaliensis, with the majority of samples containing multiple Campylobacter species. This study represents the first report of C. fetus, C. gracilis, C. mucosalis, and C. showae detection in dogs and implicates dogs as a reservoir for these species. The qPCR assays described offer investigators a new tool to study many Campylobacter species in a culture-independent manner.
Collapse
|
45
|
Parsons BN, Porter CJ, Ryvar R, Stavisky J, Williams NJ, Pinchbeck GL, Birtles RJ, Christley RM, German AJ, Radford AD, Hart CA, Gaskell RM, Dawson S. Prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in a cross-sectional study of dogs attending veterinary practices in the UK and risk indicators associated with shedding. Vet J 2009; 184:66-70. [PMID: 19223212 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2008] [Revised: 01/07/2009] [Accepted: 01/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis is a major cause of gastroenteritis in humans and some studies have suggested that dog ownership is a risk factor for the condition. To determine the prevalence, species distribution, and risk indicators for Campylobacter spp. infecting dogs attending veterinary practices in UK, faecal samples were collected in a cross-sectional study from 249 dogs with and without clinical signs. The prevalence of Campylobacter spp. was 38% (95% CI 32, 44), with Campylobacter upsaliensis accounting for 94 (98%) of the isolates and Campylobacter jejuni for the remainder. Multivariable analysis indicated that younger dogs were more likely to carry C. upsaliensis and the high prevalence of this pathogen supports the hypothesis that dogs, particularly younger animals, may be an important source of C. upsaliensis infection for humans. However the prevalence of C. jejuni, the most common Campylobacter spp. associated with disease in humans, was low (1.2%, 95% CI 0.3, 3).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B N Parsons
- Small Animal Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology Groups, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Leahurst, Chester High Road, Neston CH64 7TE, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
de Vries JJC, Arents NLA, Manson WL. Campylobacter species isolated from extra-oro-intestinal abscesses: a report of four cases and literature review. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2008; 27:1119-23. [PMID: 18488257 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-008-0550-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2007] [Accepted: 04/28/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter species are frequently isolated from fecal specimens of patients with diarrheal illness. Several Campylobacter species are commonly isolated from the oral cavity. In contrast, Campylobacter species are rarely isolated from extra-oro-intestinal abscesses. Reported here are four cases of extra-oro-intestinal abscesses due to polymicrobial flora, including Campylobacter species. The first case is a 35-year-old woman who was diagnosed with a brain abscess caused by C. gracilis, Streptococcus constellatus, and anaerobic Gram-positive cocci. The second case is a 65-year-old man with a history of maxillary sinus carcinoma who developed a brain abscess due to polymicrobial flora, including C. concisus. The third case is a 24-year-old male who was diagnosed with a vertebral abscess caused by C. rectus, Eubacterium brachy, and Actinomyces species. The fourth case is a 74-year-old woman who presented with an intraorbital abscess due to C. showae and Micromonas (previously Peptostreptococcus) micros. The first two patients died from a cause directly related to their abscesses. All Campylobacter species involved in the four cases were isolated anaerobically. The isolation of oral Campylobacter species, e.g., C. rectus and C. showae, from abscesses suggests an oral source. A survey of the English literature was undertaken to identify reports of Campylobacter species isolated from extra-oro-intestinal abscesses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J J C de Vries
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Settanni L, Corsetti A. The use of multiplex PCR to detect and differentiate food- and beverage-associated microorganisms: a review. J Microbiol Methods 2006; 69:1-22. [PMID: 17280731 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2006.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2006] [Revised: 11/17/2006] [Accepted: 12/08/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Regarding food safety, rapid detection of microbial species is crucial to develop effective preventive and/or adjustment measures. Classical methods for determining the presence of certain species are time-consuming and labor-intensive, hence, molecular methods, which offer speed, sensitivity and specificity, have been developed to address this problem. Multiplex PCR (MPCR) is widely applied in the various fields of microbiology for the rapid differentiation of microbial species without compromising accuracy. This paper describes the method and reports on the state-of-the-art application of this technique to the identification of microorganisms vehiculated with foods and beverages. The identification of both pathogens and probiotics and the species important for food fermentation or deterioration will be discussed. Applications of MPCR in combination with other techniques are also reviewed. Potentials, pitfalls, limitations and future prospects are summarised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Settanni
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Sezione di Microbiologia Agro-Alimentare ed Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Teramo, V. C.R. Lerici 1, 64023 Mosciano Sant' Angelo, Teramo, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Vandenberg O, Houf K, Douat N, Vlaes L, Retore P, Butzler JP, Dediste A. Antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates of non-jejuni/coli campylobacters and arcobacters from Belgium. J Antimicrob Chemother 2006; 57:908-13. [PMID: 16533825 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkl080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the susceptibility of non-jejuni/coli campylobacters and arcobacters isolated from diarrhoeal stool specimens in Belgium. METHODS The MICs were determined using Etest for six antimicrobial agents including ampicillin, erythromycin, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and tetracycline for the most frequently isolated non-jejuni/coli campylobacter and arcobacter strains in two University Hospital laboratories between 1995 and 2005. RESULTS In total, 85 Campylobacter upsaliensis, 20 Campylobacter concisus, 11 Campylobacter fetus, 61 Arcobacter butzleri and 10 Arcobacter cryaerophilus isolates were tested. Most C. upsaliensis strains were susceptible to ampicillin (100%), gentamicin (100%), ciprofloxacin (94.1%) and tetracycline (100%), whereas 11.8 and 12.9% were resistant to nalidixic acid and erythromycin, respectively. For A. butzleri, 78.7% of isolates were susceptible to ampicillin and erythromycin. Most A. butzleri isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin (96.7%), nalidixic acid (82.0%), gentamicin (100%) and tetracycline (100%). All C. concisus strains were fully susceptible to ampicillin and tetracycline, but 5% of them were resistant to gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and erythromycin. Nearly all C. fetus and A. cryaerophilus strains were susceptible to erythromycin but the results should be interpreted with caution since only a small number of strains were tested. CONCLUSIONS Fluoroquinolones should be considered in the treatment of severe C. upsaliensis and A. butzleri infection. When clinically indicated, erythromycin remains the first choice for the treatment of intestinal campylobacteriosis caused by C. concisus and C. fetus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Vandenberg
- National Reference Centre for Enteric Campylobacter, Saint-Pierre University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
|
50
|
Ménard A, Dachet F, Prouzet-Mauleon V, Oleastro M, Mégraud F. Development of a real-time fluorescence resonance energy transfer PCR to identify the main pathogenic Campylobacter spp. Clin Microbiol Infect 2005; 11:281-7. [PMID: 15760424 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2005.01072.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A simple real-time fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) PCR, targeting the gyrA gene outside the quinolone resistance-determining region, was developed to identify Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. These species were distinguished easily, as the corresponding melting points showed a difference of 15 degrees C. A second assay using the same biprobe and PCR conditions, but different PCR primers, was also developed to identify the less frequently encountered Campylobacter fetus. These assays were applied to 807 Campylobacter isolates from clinical specimens. Compared to phenotypic identification tests, the FRET assay yielded the same results for all except three of the isolates. Analysis by standard PCR and 16S rDNA sequencing demonstrated that two of these isolates were hippurate-negative C. jejuni strains, resulting in an erroneous phenotypic identification, while the third was an isolate of C. coli that contained a gyrA gene typical of C. jejuni, resulting in misidentification by the FRET assay. The FRET assay identified more isolates than standard PCR, which failed to yield amplification products with c. 10% of isolates. It was concluded that the FRET assays were rapid, reliable, reproducible and relatively cost-efficient, as they require only one biprobe and can be performed directly on boiled isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Ménard
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|