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Kondo H, Tsukahara-Kawamura T, Matsushita I, Nagata T, Hayashi T, Nishina S, Higasa K, Uchio E, Kondo M, Sakamoto T, Kusaka S. Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy With and Without Pathogenic Variants of Norrin/β-Catenin Signaling Genes. OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE 2024; 4:100514. [PMID: 38881609 PMCID: PMC11179410 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2024.100514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Purpose To determine the clinical characteristics of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) associated with or without pathogenic variants of the Norrin/β-catenin genes. Design This was a multicenter, cross-sectional, observational, and genetic study. Subjects Two-hundred eighty-one probands with FEVR were studied. Methods Whole-exome sequence and/or Sanger sequence was performed for the Norrin/β-catenin genes, the FZD4, LRP5, TSPAN12, and NDP genes on blood collected from the probands. The clinical symptoms of the probands with or without the pathogenic variants were assessed as well as differences in the inter Norrin/β-catenin genes. Main Outcome Measures The phenotype associated with or without pathogenic variants of the Norrin/β-catenin genes. Results One-hundred eight probands (38.4%) had 88 different pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in the genes: 24 with the FZD4, 42 with the LRP5, 10 with the TSPAN12, and 12 with the NDP gene. Compared with the 173 probands without pathogenic variants, the 108 variant-positive probands had characteristics of familial predisposition (63.9% vs. 37.6%, P < 0.0001), progression during infancy (75.0% vs. 53.8%, P = 0.0004), asymmetrical severity between the 2 eyes (50.0% vs. 37.6%, P = 0.0472), and nonsyndromic characteristics (10.2% vs. 17.3%, P = 0.1185). The most frequent stage at which the more severe eye conditions was present was at stage 4 in both groups (40.7% vs. 34.7%). However, the advanced stages of 3 to 5 in the more severe eye were found more frequently in probands with variants than in those without variants (83.3% vs. 58.4%, P < 0.0001). Patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachments progressed from stage 1 or 2 were found less frequently in the variant-positive probands (8.3% vs. 17.3%, P = 0.0346). Nine probands with NDP variants had features different from probands with typical Norrin/β-catenin gene variants including the sporadic, symmetrical, and systemic characteristics consistent with Norrie disease. Conclusions The results showed that the clinical characteristics of FEVR of patients with variants in the Norrin/β-catenin genes are different from those with other etiologies. We recommend that clinicians who diagnose a child with FEVR perform genetic testing so that the parents can be informed on the prognosis of the vision and general health in the child. Financial Disclosures Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kondo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | | | - Itsuka Matsushita
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Nagata
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Takaaki Hayashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Nishina
- Division of Ophthalmology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichiro Higasa
- Department of Genome Analysis, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiichi Uchio
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mineo Kondo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mie University Faculty of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Taiji Sakamoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kagoshima University Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shunji Kusaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
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Busse E, Lee B, Nagamani SCS. Genetic Evaluation for Monogenic Disorders of Low Bone Mass and Increased Bone Fragility: What Clinicians Need to Know. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2024; 22:308-317. [PMID: 38600318 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-024-00870-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to outline the principles of clinical genetic testing and to provide practical guidance to clinicians in navigating genetic testing for patients with suspected monogenic forms of osteoporosis. RECENT FINDINGS Heritability assessments and genome-wide association studies have clearly shown the significant contributions of genetic variations to the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Currently, over 50 monogenic disorders that present primarily with low bone mass and increased risk of fractures have been described. The widespread availability of clinical genetic testing offers a valuable opportunity to correctly diagnose individuals with monogenic forms of osteoporosis, thus instituting appropriate surveillance and treatment. Clinical genetic testing may identify the appropriate diagnosis in a subset of patients with low bone mass, multiple or unusual fractures, and severe or early-onset osteoporosis, and thus clinicians should be aware of how to incorporate such testing into their clinical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Busse
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brendan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Sandesh C S Nagamani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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Ren N, Lv S, Li X, Shao C, Wang Z, Mei Y, Yang W, Fu W, Hu Y, Sha L, Hu W, Zhang Z, Wang C. Clinical features, treatment, and follow-up of OPPG and high-bone-mass disorders: LRP5 is a key regulator of bone mass. Osteoporos Int 2024:10.1007/s00198-024-07080-x. [PMID: 38625381 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-024-07080-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome (OPPG) and LRP5 high bone mass (LRP5-HBM) are two rare bone diseases with opposite clinical symptoms caused by loss-of-function and gain-of-function mutations in LRP5. Bisphosphonates are an effective treatment for OPPG patients. LRP5-HBM has a benign course, and age-related bone loss is found in one LRP5-HBM patient. PURPOSE Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) is involved in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. The gain-of-function mutation leads to high bone mass (LRP5-HBM), while the loss-of-function mutation leads to osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome (OPPG). In this study, the clinical manifestations, disease-causing mutations, treatment, and follow-up were summarized to improve the understanding of these two diseases. METHODS Two OPPG patients and four LRP5-HBM patients were included in this study. The clinical characteristics, biochemical and radiological examinations, pathogenic mutations, and structural analysis were summarized. Furthermore, several patients were followed up to observe the treatment effect and disease progress. RESULTS Congenital blindness, persistent bone pain, low bone mineral density (BMD), and multiple brittle fractures were the main clinical manifestations of OPPG. Complex heterozygous mutations were detected in two OPPG patients. The c.1455G > T mutation in exon 7 was first reported. During the follow-up, BMD of two patients was significantly improved after bisphosphonate treatment. On the contrary, typical clinical features of LRP5-HBM included extremely high BMD without fractures, torus palatinus and normal vision. X-ray showed diffuse osteosclerosis. Two heterozygous missense mutations were detected in four patients. In addition, age-related bone loss was found in one LRP5-HBM patient after 12-year of follow-up. CONCLUSION This study deepened the understanding of the clinical characteristics, treatment, and follow-up of OPPG and LRP5-HBM; expanded the pathogenic gene spectrum of OPPG; and confirmed that bisphosphonates were effective for OPPG. Additionally, it was found that Ala242Thr mutation could not protect LRP5-HBM patients from age-related bone loss. This phenomenon deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Ren
- Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Shanshan Lv
- Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Chong Shao
- Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Ziyuan Wang
- Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yazhao Mei
- Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Wendi Yang
- Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Wenzhen Fu
- Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yunqiu Hu
- Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Ling Sha
- Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Weiwei Hu
- Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Zhenlin Zhang
- Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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Fazeli E, Child DD, Bucks SA, Stovarsky M, Edwards G, Rose SE, Yu CE, Latimer C, Kitago Y, Bird T, Jayadev S, Andersen OM, Young JE. A familial missense variant in the Alzheimer's disease gene SORL1 impairs its maturation and endosomal sorting. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:20. [PMID: 38244079 PMCID: PMC10799806 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02670-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The SORL1 gene has recently emerged as a strong Alzheimer's Disease (AD) risk gene. Over 500 different variants have been identified in the gene and the contribution of individual variants to AD development and progression is still largely unknown. Here, we describe a family consisting of 2 parents and 5 offspring. Both parents were affected with dementia and one had confirmed AD pathology with an age of onset > 75 years. All offspring were affected with AD with ages at onset ranging from 53 years to 74 years. DNA was available from the parent with confirmed AD and 5 offspring. We identified a coding variant, p.(Arg953Cys), in SORL1 in 5 of 6 individuals affected by AD. Notably, variant carriers had severe AD pathology, and the SORL1 variant segregated with TDP-43 pathology (LATE-NC). We further characterized this variant and show that this Arginine substitution occurs at a critical position in the YWTD-domain of the SORL1 translation product, SORL1. Functional studies further show that the p.R953C variant leads to retention of the SORL1 protein in the endoplasmic reticulum which leads to decreased maturation and shedding of the receptor and prevents its normal endosomal trafficking. Together, our analysis suggests that p.R953C is a pathogenic variant of SORL1 and sheds light on mechanisms of how missense SORL1 variants may lead to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Fazeli
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Daniel D Child
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Stephanie A Bucks
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Miki Stovarsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Gabrielle Edwards
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Shannon E Rose
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Chang-En Yu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Veterans Administration Health Care System, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
| | - Caitlin Latimer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Yu Kitago
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Thomas Bird
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Veterans Administration Health Care System, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
| | - Suman Jayadev
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Olav M Andersen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Jessica E Young
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
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5
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Fazeli E, Child DD, Bucks SA, Stovarsky M, Edwards G, Rose SE, Yu CE, Latimer C, Kitago Y, Bird T, Jayadev S, Andersen OM, Young JE. A familial missense variant in the Alzheimer's Disease gene SORL1 impairs its maturation and endosomal sorting. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.01.547348. [PMID: 37461597 PMCID: PMC10349966 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.01.547348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
The SORL1 gene has recently emerged as a strong Alzheimer's Disease (AD) risk gene. Over 500 different variants have been identified in the gene and the contribution of individual variants to AD development and progression is still largely unknown. Here, we describe a family consisting of 2 parents and 5 offspring. Both parents were affected with dementia and one had confirmed AD pathology with an age of onset >75 years. All offspring were affected with AD with ages at onset ranging from 53yrs-74yrs. DNA was available from the parent with confirmed AD and 5 offspring. We identified a coding variant, p.(Arg953Cys), in SORL1 in 5 of 6 individuals affected by AD. Notably, variant carriers had severe AD pathology, and the SORL1 variant segregated with TDP-43 pathology (LATE-NC). We further characterized this variant and show that this Arginine substitution occurs at a critical position in the YWTD-domain of the SORL1 translation product, SORL1. Functional studies further show that the p.R953C variant leads to retention of the SORL1 protein in the endoplasmic reticulum which leads to decreased maturation and shedding of the receptor and prevents its normal endosomal trafficking. Together, our analysis suggests that p.R953C is a pathogenic variant of SORL1 and sheds light on mechanisms of how missense SORL1 variants may lead to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Fazeli
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK8000 AarhusC, Denmark
| | - Daniel D. Child
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle Washington USA
| | - Stephanie A. Bucks
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle Washington USA
| | - Miki Stovarsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics University of Washington, Seattle Washington USA
| | - Gabrielle Edwards
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle Washington USA
| | - Shannon E. Rose
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle Washington USA
| | - Chang-En Yu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics University of Washington, Seattle Washington USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Veterans Administration Health Care System
| | - Caitlin Latimer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle Washington USA
| | - Yu Kitago
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Thomas Bird
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle Washington USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics University of Washington, Seattle Washington USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Veterans Administration Health Care System
| | - Suman Jayadev
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle Washington USA
| | - Olav M. Andersen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK8000 AarhusC, Denmark
| | - Jessica E. Young
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle Washington USA
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Bora K, Kushwah N, Maurya M, Pavlovich MC, Wang Z, Chen J. Assessment of Inner Blood-Retinal Barrier: Animal Models and Methods. Cells 2023; 12:2443. [PMID: 37887287 PMCID: PMC10605292 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper functioning of the neural retina relies on the unique retinal environment regulated by the blood-retinal barrier (BRB), which restricts the passage of solutes, fluids, and toxic substances. BRB impairment occurs in many retinal vascular diseases and the breakdown of BRB significantly contributes to disease pathology. Understanding the different molecular constituents and signaling pathways involved in BRB development and maintenance is therefore crucial in developing treatment modalities. This review summarizes the major molecular signaling pathways involved in inner BRB (iBRB) formation and maintenance, and representative animal models of eye diseases with retinal vascular leakage. Studies on Wnt/β-catenin signaling are highlighted, which is critical for retinal and brain vascular angiogenesis and barriergenesis. Moreover, multiple in vivo and in vitro methods for the detection and analysis of vascular leakage are described, along with their advantages and limitations. These pre-clinical animal models and methods for assessing iBRB provide valuable experimental tools in delineating the molecular mechanisms of retinal vascular diseases and evaluating therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jing Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Charoenngam N, Nasr A, Shirvani A, Holick MF. Hereditary Metabolic Bone Diseases: A Review of Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Management. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101880. [PMID: 36292765 PMCID: PMC9601711 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary metabolic bone diseases are characterized by genetic abnormalities in skeletal homeostasis and encompass one of the most diverse groups among rare diseases. In this review, we examine 25 selected hereditary metabolic bone diseases and recognized genetic variations of 78 genes that represent each of the three groups, including sclerosing bone disorders, disorders of defective bone mineralization and disorder of bone matrix and cartilage formation. We also review pathophysiology, manifestation and treatment for each disease. Advances in molecular genetics and basic sciences has led to accurate genetic diagnosis and novel effective therapeutic strategies for some diseases. For other diseases, the genetic basis and pathophysiology remain unclear. Further researches are therefore crucial to innovate ways to overcome diagnostic challenges and develop effective treatment options for these orphan diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipith Charoenngam
- Section Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Weight Management, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Aryan Nasr
- Section Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Weight Management, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Arash Shirvani
- Section Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Weight Management, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Michael F. Holick
- Section Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Weight Management, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-617-358-6139
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8
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Mellen P, Baumal C. Retinal Detachment Present at Birth in an Infant With a Novel CTNNB1 Mutation. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2022; 53:403-405. [PMID: 35858235 DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20220705-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A full-term neonate was diagnosed on birth with a unilateral total retinal detachment. The contralateral eye had extensive fibrovascular proliferation, temporal dragging, and peripheral nonvascularized retina. Genetic testing confirmed a mutation in the CTNNB1 gene, which has been associated with familiar exudative vitreoretinopathy and phenotypic features including intellectual disability and spastic diplegia. This novel mutation and its associated syndrome should be considered as a cause of retinal detachment presenting in the neonatal period. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2022; 53:403-405.].
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Abdel-Hamid MS, Elhossini RM, Otaify GA, Abdel-Ghafar SF, Aglan MS. Osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome in four new patients: identification of two novel LRP5 variants and insights on patients' management using bisphosphonates therapy. Osteoporos Int 2022; 33:1501-1510. [PMID: 35106624 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-022-06313-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study describes the clinical, radiological, and molecular data of four new patients with osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome and assesses their response to bisphosphonate therapy. INTRODUCTION Osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome (OPPG) is a very rare disorder characterized mainly by severe juvenile osteoporosis and congenital blindness. OPPG is caused by biallelic mutations in the gene encoding low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5). METHODS We present the clinical, radiological, and molecular findings of four new patients with OPPG from Egypt. We also assessed patients' response to oral and intravenous bisphosphonate therapy. RESULTS All patients had reduced bone mineral density (BMD) with variable number of fractures per year, in addition to bone abnormalities and the characteristic eye phenotype associated with OPPG. Mutation analyses of LRP5 gene revealed three different homozygous variants including two novel ones, c.7delG (p.A3Qfs*80) and c.3280G > A (p.E1094K). The c.3280G > A (p.E1094K) was recurrent in two unrelated patients who shared a unique haplotype suggesting a possible founder effect. The use of bisphosphonate therapy was beneficial; however, intravenous bisphosphonate administration led to a more favorable response. CONCLUSION Our study described the phenotypic and genetic features of four patients with OPPG and identified two new LRP5 variants, thus expanding the mutational spectrum of OPPG. In addition, our study reinforces the efficiency of using intravenous bisphosphonates in the management of patients with OPPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Abdel-Hamid
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, Institute of Human Genetics and Genome Research, National Research Centre, Tahrir street, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Rasha M Elhossini
- Clinical Genetics Department, Institute of Human Genetics and Genome Research, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada A Otaify
- Clinical Genetics Department, Institute of Human Genetics and Genome Research, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherif F Abdel-Ghafar
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, Institute of Human Genetics and Genome Research, National Research Centre, Tahrir street, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona S Aglan
- Clinical Genetics Department, Institute of Human Genetics and Genome Research, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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10
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Schindeler A, Lee LR, O'Donohue AK, Ginn SL, Munns CF. Curative Cell and Gene Therapy for Osteogenesis Imperfecta. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:826-836. [PMID: 35306687 PMCID: PMC9324990 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) describes a series of genetic bone fragility disorders that can have a substantive impact on patient quality of life. The multidisciplinary approach to management of children and adults with OI primarily involves the administration of antiresorptive medication, allied health (physiotherapy and occupational therapy), and orthopedic surgery. However, advances in gene editing technology and gene therapy vectors bring with them the promise of gene-targeted interventions to provide an enduring or perhaps permanent cure for OI. This review describes emergent technologies for cell- and gene-targeted therapies, major hurdles to their implementation, and the prospects of their future success with a focus on bone disorders. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Schindeler
- Bioengineering and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, the Children's Hospital at Westmead and the Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, Australia.,Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Lucinda R Lee
- Bioengineering and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, the Children's Hospital at Westmead and the Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, Australia.,Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Alexandra K O'Donohue
- Bioengineering and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, the Children's Hospital at Westmead and the Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, Australia.,Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Samantha L Ginn
- Gene Therapy Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Westmead, Australia
| | - Craig F Munns
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Child Health Research Centre and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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11
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Karakilic-Ozturan E, Altunoglu U, Ozturk AP, Kardelen Al AD, Yavas Abali Z, Avci S, Wollnik B, Poyrazoglu S, Bas F, Uyguner ZO, Kayserili H, Darendeliler F. Evaluation of growth, puberty, osteoporosis, and the response to long-term bisphosphonate therapy in four patients with osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:2061-2070. [PMID: 35393770 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome (OPPG; MIM #259770) is a rare autosomal recessively inherited disease, characterized by early-onset osteoporosis and congenital blindness, caused by loss-of-function mutations in the LRP5 gene. Beneficial effects of bisphosphonate treatment in patients with OPPG are well known, while follow-up data on growth and pubertal parameters are limited. This article provides clinical follow-up data and long-term bisphosphonate treatment results in four OPPG patients from three unrelated families, ranging between 2.5 and 7 years of age at presentation. Clinical diagnosis was molecularly confirmed in all patients, with four different germline biallelic LRP5 mutations including a novel nonsense variant c.3517C>T (p.(Gln1173*)) in two siblings with marked phenotypic variability. Anthropometric and pubertal data and bone mineral density (BMD) measurements were evaluated retrospectively. Early puberty was observed in two patients. The bisphosphonate treatment duration of patients varied around 4-7 years and improvement in BMD z-scores with bisphosphonate treatment was demonstrated in all patients (z-score changes were +5.6, +4.0, +1.0, and +1.3). Although further research is needed to identify the possible association between early puberty and OPPG, all OPPG patients should be followed up with detailed endocrinological evaluation regarding pubertal status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esin Karakilic-Ozturan
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Umut Altunoglu
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Medical Genetics, Koc University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayse Pinar Ozturk
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Asli Derya Kardelen Al
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zehra Yavas Abali
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sahin Avci
- Department of Medical Genetics, Koc University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bernd Wollnik
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute of Human Genetics, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sukran Poyrazoglu
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Firdevs Bas
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zehra Oya Uyguner
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hülya Kayserili
- Department of Medical Genetics, Koc University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Feyza Darendeliler
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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12
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Garg B, Tomar N, Biswas A, Mehta N, Malhotra R. Understanding Musculoskeletal Disorders Through Next-Generation Sequencing. JBJS Rev 2022; 10:01874474-202204000-00001. [PMID: 35383688 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.rvw.21.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
» An insight into musculoskeletal disorders through advancements in next-generation sequencing (NGS) promises to maximize benefits and improve outcomes through improved genetic diagnosis. » The primary use of whole exome sequencing (WES) for musculoskeletal disorders is to identify functionally relevant variants. » The current evidence has shown the superiority of NGS over conventional genotyping for identifying novel and rare genetic variants in patients with musculoskeletal disorders, due to its high throughput and low cost. » Genes identified in patients with scoliosis, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and osteogenesis imperfecta using NGS technologies are listed for further reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavuk Garg
- Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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13
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Ubels JL, Lin CM, Antonetti DA, Diaz-Coranguez M, Diegel CR, Williams BO. Structure and function of the retina of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (Lrp5)-deficient rats. Exp Eye Res 2022; 217:108977. [PMID: 35139333 PMCID: PMC9295635 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.108977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in the Wnt co-receptor, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5), result in familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR), osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome (OPPG), and Norrie disease. CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing was used to produce rat strains deficient in Lrp5. The purpose of this study was to validate this rat model for studies of hypovascular, exudative retinopathies. The retinal vasculature of wildtype and Lrp5 knockout rats was stained with Giffonia simplifolia isolectin B4 and imaged by fluorescence microscopy. Effects on retinal structure were investigated by histology. The integrity of the blood-retina barrier was analyzed by measurement of permeability to Evans blue dye and staining for claudin-5. Retinas were imaged by fundus photography and SD-OCT, and electroretinograms were recorded. Lrp5 gene deletion led to sparse superficial retinal capillaries and loss of the deep and intermediate plexuses. Autofluorescent exudates were observed and are correlated with increased Evans blue permeability and absence of claudin-5 expression in superficial vessels. OCT images show pathology similar to OCT of humans with FEVR, and retinal thickness is reduced by 50% compared to wild-type rats. Histology and OCT reveal that photoreceptor and outer plexiform layers are absent. The retina failed to demonstrate an ERG response. CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing produced a predictable rat Lrp5 knockout model with extensive defects in the retinal vascular and neural structure and function. This rat model should be useful for studies of exudative retinal vascular diseases involving the Wnt and norrin pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Ubels
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave., NE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA; Department of Biology, Calvin University, 3201 Burton St., SE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49546, USA.
| | - Cheng-Mao Lin
- Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 1000 Wall St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - David A Antonetti
- Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 1000 Wall St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Monica Diaz-Coranguez
- Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 1000 Wall St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Cassandra R Diegel
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave., NE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Bart O Williams
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave., NE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
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14
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Kunimatsu R, Kimura A, Sakata S, Tsuka Y, Yoshimi Y, Abe T, Kado I, Yashima Y, Izumino J, Nakatani A, Kitagawa M, Miyauchi M, Takata T, Tanimoto K. Effects of baicalin on the proliferation and expression of OPG and RANKL in human cementoblast-lineage cells. J Dent Sci 2022; 17:162-169. [PMID: 35028034 PMCID: PMC8739232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Baicalin, a natural bioactive flavonoid extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, mediates bone metabolism, and recent studies have revealed that it has cell signaling properties. However, its biological functions in cementoblasts still remain unclear. This study therefore aimed to investigate the effects of baicalin on bone resorption markers, including osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κβ ligand (RANKL), in human cementoblast-lineage cells, as well as their proliferation ability. Materials and methods Human cementoblast cell line (HCEM) cells were cultured and treated with 0, 0.01, 0.1, or 1 μM of baicalin. The proliferative capacity of cultured HCEM cells was analyzed using bromodeoxyuridine immunoassay and cell counting. The baicalin effect on OPG and RANKL expression was determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blotting. Furthermore, OPG expression was measured in 1 μM baicalin-treated HCEM cells in the presence or absence of the Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor, Dickkopf (Dkk)-1, using qPCR and western blotting. Results The addition of 0.01, 0.1, and 1 μM of baicalin did not significantly change the proliferative capacity of cultured HCEM cells. Compared with the non-supplemented group, baicalin increased and suppressed OPG and RANKL gene and protein expression, respectively, in a concentration-dependent manner. OPG mRNA and protein expression levels were increased by 1 μM baicalin, which was suppressed by Dkk-1 addition. Conclusion Baicalin enhanced OPG expression in HCEM cells through the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway, which could contribute to periodontal tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Kunimatsu
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Development Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Aya Kimura
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Development Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shuzo Sakata
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Development Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuji Tsuka
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Development Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshimi
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Development Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takaharu Abe
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Development Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Isamu Kado
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Development Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuka Yashima
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Development Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Jin Izumino
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Development Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ayaka Nakatani
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Development Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masae Kitagawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Miyauchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Takata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Tokuyama University, Tokuyama, Japan
| | - Kotaro Tanimoto
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Development Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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15
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Cundy T, Vincent A, Robertson S. Does brittle cornea syndrome have a bone fragility phenotype? Bone Rep 2021; 15:101124. [PMID: 34522702 PMCID: PMC8426531 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2021.101124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Brittle cornea syndrome is a rare recessively inherited disorder (a sub-type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome) with a clinical presentation dominated by corneal fragility and deafness. There have been suggestions that it may also have a bone fragility phenotype, but there has been little detailed description. We describe two siblings with brittle cornea syndrome due to compound heterozygous mutations in ZNF469 who had sustained ten or more fractures, the majority before the age of 15. When investigated as adults they had osteopenia, with lower z-scores than their parents who each carried one mutation. A bone biopsy from one sibling showed reduced cortical porosity. Both parents, who were heterozygous mutation carriers, had also suffered fractures but had normal bone density. This data supports the view that brittle cornea syndrome may have a bone fragility phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Cundy
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, Aotearoa-New Zealand
| | - Andrea Vincent
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, Aotearoa-New Zealand
| | - Stephen Robertson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, Aotearoa-New Zealand
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16
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Ubels JL, Diegel CR, Foxa GE, Ethen NJ, Lensing JN, Madaj ZB, Williams BO. Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 5-Deficient Rats Have Reduced Bone Mass and Abnormal Development of the Retinal Vasculature. CRISPR J 2021; 3:284-298. [PMID: 32833527 DOI: 10.1089/crispr.2020.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans carrying homozygous loss-of-function mutations in the Wnt co-receptor, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5), develop osteoporosis and a defective retinal vasculature known as familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) due to disruption of the Wnt signaling pathway. The purpose of this study was to use CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene editing to create strains of Lrp5-deficient rats and to determine whether knockout of Lrp5 resulted in phenotypes that model the bone and retina pathology in LRP5-deficient humans. Knockout of Lrp5 in rats produced low bone mass, decreased bone mineral density, and decreased bone size. The superficial retinal vasculature of Lrp5-deficient rats was sparse and disorganized, with extensive exudates and decreases in vascularized area, vessel length, and branch point density. This study showed that Lrp5 could be predictably knocked out in rats using CRISPR-Cas9, causing the expression of bone and retinal phenotypes that will be useful for studying the role of Wnt signaling in bone and retina development and for research on the treatment of osteoporosis and FEVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Ubels
- Program for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, and Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA.,Department of Biology, Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Cassandra R Diegel
- Program for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, and Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Gabrielle E Foxa
- Program for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, and Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Nicole J Ethen
- Program for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, and Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Jonathan N Lensing
- Program for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, and Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Zachary B Madaj
- Core Technologies and Services, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA; Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Bart O Williams
- Program for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, and Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
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17
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Caetano da Silva C, Ricquebourg M, Orcel P, Fabre S, Funck‐Brentano T, Cohen‐Solal M, Collet C. More severe phenotype of early-onset osteoporosis associated with recessive form of LRP5 and combination with DKK1 or WNT3A. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1681. [PMID: 33939331 PMCID: PMC8222848 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early‐onset osteoporosis (EOOP) is defined by low bone mineral density (BMD), which increases the risk of fracture. Although the prevalence of osteoporosis at a young age is unknown, low BMD is highly linked to genetic background. Heterozygous pathogenic variants in low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 5 (LRP5) are associated with EOOP. This study aimed to investigate the genetic profile in patients with EOOP to better understand the variation in phenotype severity by using a targeted gene sequencing panel associated with bone fragility. Method and Results We used a sequencing panel with 17 genes reported to be related to bone fragility for analysis of 68 patients with EOOP. We found a high positivity rate of EOOP with LRP5 variants (14 patients, 20.6%). The remaining 79.4% of patients with EOOP but without LRP5 variants showed variable disease severity, as observed in patients with at least one variant in this gene. One patient, with multiple fractures and spine L1‐L4 BMD Z‐score −2.9, carried a novel pathogenic homozygous variant, c.2918T>C, p.(Leu973Pro), without any pseudoglioma. In addition to carrying the LRP5 variant, 2 other patients carried a heterozygous variant in Wnt signaling pathway genes: dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 1 (DKK1) [NM_012242.4: c.359G>T, p.(Arg120Leu)] and Wnt family member 3A (WNT3A) [NM_033131.3: c.377G>A, p. (Arg126His)]. As compared with single‐variant LRP5 carriers, double‐variant carriers had a significantly lower BMD Z‐score (−4.1 ± 0.8) and higher mean number of fractures (6.0 ± 2.8 vs. 2.2 ± 1.9). Analysis of the family segregation suggests the inheritance of BMD trait. Conclusion Severe forms of EOOP may occur with carriage of 2 pathogenic variants in genes encoding regulators of the Wnt signaling pathway. Two‐variant carriers of Wnt pathway genes had severe EOOP. Moreover, DKK1 and WNT3A genes should be included in next‐generation sequence analyses of bone fragility. Gene association may occur in the same signaling pathway and can generate a severe bone phenotype in early‐onset osteoporosis. Recessive form associated with lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 5 could be responsible for a stronger phenotype. Interestingly this recessive form is not associated with ocular problems as observed in pseudoglioma osteoporosis or vitreoretinopathy. Assessment of genetics based on an next generation sequencing panel should include WNT3A and DKK1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manon Ricquebourg
- Inserm U1132 and Université de ParisParisFrance
- Department of RheumatologyHôpital Lariboisière, AP‐HPParisFrance
| | - Philippe Orcel
- Inserm U1132 and Université de ParisParisFrance
- Department of RheumatologyHôpital Lariboisière, AP‐HPParisFrance
| | - Stéphanie Fabre
- Inserm U1132 and Université de ParisParisFrance
- Department of RheumatologyHôpital Lariboisière, AP‐HPParisFrance
| | - Thomas Funck‐Brentano
- Inserm U1132 and Université de ParisParisFrance
- Department of RheumatologyHôpital Lariboisière, AP‐HPParisFrance
| | - Martine Cohen‐Solal
- Inserm U1132 and Université de ParisParisFrance
- Department of RheumatologyHôpital Lariboisière, AP‐HPParisFrance
| | - Corinne Collet
- Inserm U1132 and Université de ParisParisFrance
- Functional Unit of Molecular BiologyHôpital Lariboisière, AP‐HPParisFrance
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18
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Longo JF, Brosius SN, Znoyko I, Alers VA, Jenkins DP, Wilson RC, Carroll AJ, Wolff DJ, Roth KA, Carroll SL. Establishment and genomic characterization of a sporadic malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor cell line. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5690. [PMID: 33707600 PMCID: PMC7952412 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85055-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are aggressive Schwann cell-derived neoplasms that occur sporadically or in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Preclinical research on sporadic MPNSTs has been limited as few cell lines exist. We generated and characterized a new sporadic MPNST cell line, 2XSB, which shares the molecular and genomic features of the parent tumor. These cells have a highly complex karyotype with extensive chromothripsis. 2XSB cells show robust invasive 3-dimensional and clonogenic culture capability and form solid tumors when xenografted into immunodeficient mice. High-density single nucleotide polymorphism array and whole exome sequencing analyses indicate that, unlike NF1-associated MPNSTs, 2XSB cells have intact, functional NF1 alleles with no evidence of mutations in genes encoding components of Polycomb Repressor Complex 2. However, mutations in other genes implicated in MPNST pathogenesis were identified in 2XSB cells including homozygous deletion of CDKN2A and mutations in TP53 and PTEN. We also identified mutations in genes not previously associated with MPNSTs but associated with the pathogenesis of other human cancers. These include DNMT1, NUMA1, NTRK1, PDE11A, CSMD3, LRP5 and ACTL9. This sporadic MPNST-derived cell line provides a useful tool for investigating the biology and potential treatment regimens for sporadic MPNSTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody Fromm Longo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, MSC 908, Charleston, SC, 29425-9080, USA
| | - Stephanie N Brosius
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0017, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0017, USA.,Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Iya Znoyko
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, MSC 908, Charleston, SC, 29425-9080, USA
| | - Victoria A Alers
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, MSC 908, Charleston, SC, 29425-9080, USA
| | - Dorea P Jenkins
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, MSC 908, Charleston, SC, 29425-9080, USA
| | - Robert C Wilson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, MSC 908, Charleston, SC, 29425-9080, USA.,Center for Genomic Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425-9080, USA
| | - Andrew J Carroll
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0017, USA
| | - Daynna J Wolff
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, MSC 908, Charleston, SC, 29425-9080, USA
| | - Kevin A Roth
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Steven L Carroll
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, MSC 908, Charleston, SC, 29425-9080, USA. .,Center for Genomic Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425-9080, USA. .,Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0017, USA.
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19
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Stürznickel J, Rolvien T, Delsmann A, Butscheidt S, Barvencik F, Mundlos S, Schinke T, Kornak U, Amling M, Oheim R. Clinical Phenotype and Relevance of LRP5 and LRP6 Variants in Patients With Early-Onset Osteoporosis (EOOP). J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:271-282. [PMID: 33118644 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Reduced bone mineral density (BMD; ie, Z-score ≤-2.0) occurring at a young age (ie, premenopausal women and men <50 years) in the absence of secondary osteoporosis is considered early-onset osteoporosis (EOOP). Mutations affecting the WNT signaling pathway are of special interest because of their key role in bone mass regulation. Here, we analyzed the effects of relevant LRP5 and LRP6 variants on the clinical phenotype, bone turnover, BMD, and bone microarchitecture. After exclusion of secondary osteoporosis, EOOP patients (n = 372) were genotyped by gene panel sequencing, and segregation analysis of variants in LRP5/LRP6 was performed. The clinical assessment included the evaluation of bone turnover parameters, BMD by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and microarchitecture via high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT). In 50 individuals (31 EOOP index patients, 19 family members), relevant variants affecting LRP5 or LRP6 were detected (42 LRP5 and 8 LRP6 variants), including 10 novel variants. Seventeen variants were classified as disease causing, 14 were variants of unknown significance, and 19 were BMD-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). One patient harbored compound heterozygous LRP5 mutations causing osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome. Fractures were reported in 37 of 50 individuals, consisting of vertebral (18 of 50) and peripheral (29 of 50) fractures. Low bone formation was revealed in all individuals. A Z-score ≤-2.0 was detected in 31 of 50 individuals, and values at the spine were significantly lower than those at the hip (-2.1 ± 1.3 versus -1.6 ± 0.8; p = .003). HR-pQCT analysis (n = 34) showed impaired microarchitecture in trabecular and cortical compartments. Significant differences regarding the clinical phenotype were detectable between index patients and family members but not between different variant classes. Relevant variants in LRP5 and LRP6 contribute to EOOP in a substantial number of individuals, leading to a high number of fractures, low bone formation, reduced Z-scores, and impaired microarchitecture. This detailed skeletal characterization improves the interpretation of known and novel LRP5 and LRP6 variants. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Stürznickel
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Rolvien
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alena Delsmann
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Butscheidt
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Barvencik
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Mundlos
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schinke
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Kornak
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Amling
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Oheim
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Liu Y, Bi Y, Chai L, Song L, Huang J, Wang Q, Li Y, Zhou K. Development of epimedin A complex drugs for treating the osteoporosis. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2021; 32:17. [PMID: 33506368 PMCID: PMC7840628 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-020-06472-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is the most common disease involving bone degeneration. As the age of the population increases, the prevalence of the disease is expected to rise. However, current treatment methods do not provide a desirable solution for the restoration of the function of degenerated bones in patients with osteoporosis. This led to emergence of controlled delivery systems to increase drug bioavailability and efficacy specifically at the bone regeneration. In this study, an epimedin A (EA) complex drug system was prepared by solution blending method. In vitro cell-based experiments showed that the EA complex drug could significantly promote the differentiation and proliferation of osteoblasts and increase the alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium nodule formation, and the expression of osteogenesis-related genes and proteins. In vivo experiments further demonstrated that this novel drugs remarkably enhanced bone regeneration. These results suggest that EA may be used for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Yanan Bi
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Lijuan Chai
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Lei Song
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Juyang Huang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yunzhang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China.
| | - Kun Zhou
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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Etemadifar MR, Andalib A, Farzinnia S. Pain relief and associated factors in patients undergoing vertebroplasty due to osteoporotic vertebral fracture. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BURNS AND TRAUMA 2020; 10:210-217. [PMID: 33224608 PMCID: PMC7675206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporotic vertebral fracture (OVF) is a common spinal fracture in the elderly population treated with conservative or surgical techniques. Patients with such fractures may experience chronic pain due to nonunion and instability, deformity with kyphosis and neurologic symptoms due to neural compression. Surgical interventions have definite roles in treatments especially when conservative therapy fails. Cement augmentation in forms of vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty or even surgical fixation with or without column reconstruction are among our armamentarium to deal with problems arising during the treatment of these patients. METHODS We entered patients with OVF who did not respond to conservative treatments for more than 4 weeks and were candidates for vertebroplasty. Pain Visual Analog Scale (PVAS) was assessed for patients before the procedure, in the first month and 6 months after surgeries. We also analyzed factors including time passed from fractures, amounts of injected cement, age, sex, types of fractures, segmental kyphosis and sites of fractures. Data were collected and analyzed using SPSS software version 24. RESULTS A total number of 140 patients entered. The mean age of the patients was 64.90±7.97 years. Mean preoperative pain level was 8.35±0.97 points on VAS (0-10) score. The mean Post-operative VAS score after one month and after six months were 4.65±0.66 and 5.28±0.75 respectively. The mean consumed cement volume was 5.77±1.40 ml. Cement volume of more than 5 ml was injected for 53.6% of patients. 78.7% of fractures were located in T10-L2 levels (thoracolumbar fractures). 14.2% of fractures in L3-L5 (lumbar fractures) and 7.1% in T4-T9 (thoracic fractures). 53.6% of the patients had kyphosis levels below 20 degrees. Reduction of pain in patients younger than 60 years was more than patients older than 60 years but both groups indicated pain reduction (P<0.001). The end-plate fracture had a higher likelihood of pain relief compared with burst or retropulsed fractures (OR=1.161). Patients with thoracolumbar fractures had higher chances of pain reduction compared with other locations (OR=1.870). Kyphosis less than 20 degrees and also cement volume more than 5 ml had also significant effects on reducing the pain after surgeries (OR=2.054 and OR=2.412 respectively (P<0.05)). CONCLUSION Vertebroplasty is an effective option in treating patients with OVF who have not respond to conservative treatment. Factors such as younger age, OVFs involving either end-plates, more than 5 ml of cement injection, segmental kyphosis below 20 degrees and thoracolumbar fractures are associated with better results for pain amelioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Etemadifar
- Associate Professor of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Andalib
- Associate Professor of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahan, Iran
| | - Saeed Farzinnia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahan, Iran
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Gowda VK, Vegda H, Shivappa SK, Benakappa N. Osteoporosis Pseudoglioma Syndrome. J Pediatr Neurosci 2020; 15:334-335. [PMID: 33531964 PMCID: PMC7847108 DOI: 10.4103/jpn.jpn_107_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis pseudoglioma syndrome is characterized by intellectual disability, osteoporosis of bones and eye abnormalities. We report, a 14-year-old female child presented with walking difficulty with frequent falls followed by deformity of left leg. On examination, bilateral micropthalmia, microcornea, corneal clouding, vitreo-retinal detachment, and atrophic irises. She had deformity of left lower limb, anterior bowing of both tibia, lax skin, hyperextensible joints. Skeletal survey showed severe osteoporosis with fracture of left femur and fish mouth vertebra. She had normal serum calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase levels. Targeted next generation testing revealed homozygous pathogenic variant in exon 6 at c.1096G>A/p.V366 M and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Early diagnosis and treatment are helpful in preventing further fractures and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vykuntaraju K Gowda
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Hemadri Vegda
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanjay K Shivappa
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Naveen Benakappa
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Montazeri-Najafabady N, Dabbaghmanesh MH, Mohammadian Amiri R. The rs2302685 polymorphism in the LRP6 gene is associated with bone mineral density and body composition in Iranian children. J Gene Med 2020; 22:e3245. [PMID: 32573887 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some 60-80% of the variability in bone mineral density (BMD) is determined by genetic factors. In the present study, we investigated the impact of the rs2302685 polymorphism of LRP6 on BMD and body composition in Iranian children. METHODS In total, 200 children (101 boys and 99 girls) were enrolled in the study. Body composition and BMD were computed using the Hologic DXA System (Hologic, Marlborough, MA, USA). The single nucleotide polymorphism of LRP6 rs2302685 (V1062I) was determined using a polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism. A generalized linear model was performed to find the association between LRP6 polymorphisms, BMD and body composition in two adjusted models. RESULTS In model 1, a significant difference was found between LRP6 (rs2302685) polymorphism, trochanteric BMD (p = 0.007), intertrochanteric BMD (p = 0.007), total fat (p = 0.001), total fat (%) (p = 0.034), total lean mass (p = 0.031), total Lean + BMC (p = 0.036) and total mass (p = 0.001). In model 2, LRP6 (rs2302685) polymorphisms showed a significant effect on the trochanteric BMD (p = 0.005), intertrochanteric BMD (p = 0.005), total fat (p = 0.001), total fat (%) (p = 0.013) and total mass (p = 0.01). Total fat, total fat (%) and total body mass were higher in subjects with the CC genotype compared to the TT/CT genotype, whereas total lean mass and total Lean + BMC were higher in the TT/CT genotype. CONCLUSIONS The present study shows that the LRP6 polymorphism may be associated with body composition and BMD in Iranian children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Montazeri-Najafabady
- Shiraz Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Dabbaghmanesh
- Shiraz Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Rajeeh Mohammadian Amiri
- Shiraz Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Alsulaiman AM, Alsulaiman HM, Almousa A, Alsulaiman SM. Adams Oliver syndrome: A mimicker of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2020; 19:100715. [PMID: 32420513 PMCID: PMC7217917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2020.100715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To describe an infant with Adams Oliver syndrome (AOS) with ocular signs similar to familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. Observations A full-term female infant presented with a congenital scalp defect, hypoplasia of the fingers and toes along with a radial retinal fold in the right eye and tractional retinal detachment in the left eye. Fluorescein angiography findings included peripheral retinal nonperfusion, irregular vascular sprouting beyond the vascular-avascular junction, pinpoint areas of hyperfluorescence as well as late peripheral and posterior vascular leakage. The patient was clinically diagnosed with Adams Oliver syndrome based on the collective findings. Laser photocoagulation to the avascular retina was performed in both eyes which resulted in stabilization of the condition after 2 years of follow up. Conclusion and importance The ocular phenotype in AOS may be similar to familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. Therefore, suspicion of the diagnosis should prompt ophthalmic evaluation including fluorescein angiography to detect and possibly treat the ischemic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ahmad Almousa
- Department of Dermatology, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Bone and mineral diseases encompass a variety of conditions that involve altered skeletal homeostasis and are frequently associated with changes in circulating calcium, phosphate, or vitamin D metabolites. These disorders often have a genetic etiology and comprise monogenic disorders caused by a single-gene mutation, which may be germline or somatic, or an oligogenic or polygenic condition involving multiple genetic variants. Single-gene mutations causing Mendelian diseases are usually highly penetrant, whereas the gene variants contributing to oligogenic or polygenic disorders are each associated with smaller effects with additional contributions from environmental factors. The detection of monogenic disorders is clinically important and facilitates timely assessment and management of the patient and their affected relatives. The diagnosis of monogenic metabolic bone disorders requires detailed clinical assessment of the wide variety of symptoms and signs associated with these diseases. Thus, clinicians should undertake a systematic approach commencing with careful history taking and physical examination, followed by appropriate laboratory and skeletal imaging investigations. Finally, clinicians should be familiar with the range of molecular genetic tests available to ensure their appropriate use and interpretation. These considerations are reviewed in this chapter.
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Abstract
The phenotypic trait of high bone mass (HBM) is an excellent example of the nexus between common and rare disease genetics. HBM may arise from carriage of many 'high bone mineral density [BMD]'-associated alleles, and certainly the genetic architecture of individuals with HBM is enriched with high BMD variants identified through genome-wide association studies of BMD. HBM may also arise as a monogenic skeletal disorder, due to abnormalities in bone formation, bone resorption, and/or bone turnover. Individuals with monogenic disorders of HBM usually, though not invariably, have other skeletal abnormalities (such as mandible enlargement) and thus are best regarded as having a skeletal dysplasia rather than just isolated high BMD. A binary etiological division of HBM into polygenic vs. monogenic, however, would be excessively simplistic: the phenotype of individuals carrying rare variants of large effect can still be modified by their common variant polygenic background, and by the environment. HBM disorders-whether predominantly polygenic or monogenic in origin-are not only interesting clinically and genetically: they provide insights into bone processes that can be exploited therapeutically, with benefits both for individuals with these rare bone disorders and importantly for the many people affected by the commonest bone disease worldwide-i.e., osteoporosis. In this review we detail the genetic architecture of HBM; we provide a conceptual framework for considering HBM in the clinical context; and we discuss monogenic and polygenic causes of HBM with particular emphasis on anabolic causes of HBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia L. Gregson
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Celia L. Gregson, ; Emma L. Duncan,
| | - Emma L. Duncan
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Celia L. Gregson, ; Emma L. Duncan,
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Chen M, Lu P, Ma Q, Cao Y, Chen N, Li W, Zhao S, Chen B, Shi J, Sun Y, Shen H, Sun L, Shen J, Liao Q, Zhang Y, Hong J, Gu W, Liu R, Ning G, Wang W, Wang J. CTNNB1/β -catenin dysfunction contributes to adiposity by regulating the cross-talk of mature adipocytes and preadipocytes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaax9605. [PMID: 31934629 PMCID: PMC6949042 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax9605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Overnutrition results in adiposity and chronic inflammation with expansion of white adipose tissue (WAT). However, genetic factors controlling fat mass and adiposity remain largely undetermined. We applied whole-exome sequencing in young obese subjects and identified rare gain-of-function mutations in CTNNB1/β-catenin associated with increased obesity risk. Specific ablation of β-catenin in mature adipocytes attenuated high-fat diet-induced obesity and reduced sWAT mass expansion with less proliferated Pdgfrα+ preadipocytes and less mature adipocytes. Mechanistically, β-catenin regulated the transcription of serum amyloid A3 (Saa3), an adipocyte-derived chemokine, through β-catenin-TCF (T-Cell-Specific Transcription Factor) complex in mature adipocytes, and Saa3 activated macrophages to secrete several factors, including Pdgf-aa, which further promoted the proliferation of preadipocytes, suggesting that β-catenin/Saa3/macrophages may mediate mature adipocyte-preadipocyte cross-talk and fat expansion in sWAT. The identification of β-catenin as a key regulator in fat expansion and human adiposity provides the basis for developing drugs targeting Wnt/β-catenin pathway to combat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maopei Chen
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Lu
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Qinyun Ma
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Cao
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Na Chen
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Li
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoqian Zhao
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Banru Chen
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Shi
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Yingkai Sun
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Hongbin Shen
- Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition, SJTU, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangdan Sun
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Juan Shen
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qijun Liao
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Hong
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqiong Gu
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Ruixin Liu
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
- Corresponding author. (R.L.); (G.N.); (W.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Guang Ning
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
- Corresponding author. (R.L.); (G.N.); (W.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
- Corresponding author. (R.L.); (G.N.); (W.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Jiqiu Wang
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
- Corresponding author. (R.L.); (G.N.); (W.W.); (J.W.)
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Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy-Related Disease-Causing Genes and Norrin/ β-Catenin Signal Pathway: Structure, Function, and Mutation Spectrums. J Ophthalmol 2019; 2019:5782536. [PMID: 31827910 PMCID: PMC6885210 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5782536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) is a hereditary ocular disorder characterized by incomplete vascularization/abnormality of peripheral retina. Four of the identified disease-causing genes of FEVR were NDP, FZD4, LRP5, and TSPAN12, the protein coded by which were the components of the Norrin/β-catenin signal pathway. In this review, we summarized and discussed the spectrum of mutations involving these four genes. By the end of 2017, the number of FEVR causing mutations reported for NDP, FZD4, LRP5, and TSPAN12 was, respectively, 26, 121, 58, and 40. Three most frequently reported mutations were c. 362G > A (p.R121Q) of NDP, c. 313A > G (p.M105V), and c.1282_1285delGACA (p.D428SfsX2) of FZD4. Mutations have a tendency to cluster in some “hotspots” domains which may be responsible for protein interactions.
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Trajanoska K, Rivadeneira F. The genetic architecture of osteoporosis and fracture risk. Bone 2019; 126:2-10. [PMID: 30980960 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis and fracture risk are common complex diseases, caused by an interaction of numerous disease susceptibility genes and environmental factors. With the advances in genomic technologies, large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been performed which have broadened our understanding of the genetic architecture and biological mechanisms of complex disease. Currently, more than ~90 loci have been found associated with DXA derived bone mineral density (BMD), over ~500 loci with heel estimated BMD and several others with other less widely available bone parameters such as bone geometry, shape, and microarchitecture. Notably, several of the pathways identified by the GWAS efforts correspond to pathways that are currently targeted for the treatment of osteoporosis. Overall, tremendous progress in the field of the genetics of osteoporosis has been achieved with the discovery of WNT16, EN1, DAAM2, and GPC6 among others. Assessment of the function and biological mechanisms of the remaining genes may further untangle the complex genetic landscape of osteoporosis and fracture risk. With this review we aimed to provide a general overview of the existing GWAS studies on osteoporosis traits and fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Trajanoska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
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Li JK, Li Y, Zhang X, Chen CL, Rao YQ, Fei P, Zhang Q, Zhao P, Li J. Spectrum of Variants in 389 Chinese Probands With Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:5368-5381. [PMID: 30452590 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-23541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To identify potentially pathogenic variants (PPVs) in Chinese familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) patients in FZD4, LRP5, NDP, TSPAN12, ZNF408, and KIF11 genes. Methods Blood samples were collected from probands and their parent(s). Genomic DNA was analyzed by next-generation sequencing, and the sequence of selected variants were validated by Sanger sequencing. The potential pathogenicity of a variant was evaluated by in silico analysis and by cosegregation of the variant with disease. Each proband was subjected to comprehensive retinal examinations, and the severity of FEVR was individually graded for each eye. Whenever possible, fundus fluorescein angiography was obtained and analyzed for parent(s) of each proband. Variation in mutation expressivity was analyzed. Results Three hundred eighty-nine consecutive FEVR patients from 389 families participated in this study. About 74% of the probands were children younger than 7 years old. One hundred one PPVs, 49 variants with unknown significance (VUS), were identified, including 73 novel PPVs and 38 novel VUS. One hundred ten probands carried PPV (28.3%), and 51 probands carried VUS (13.1%). PPVs in FZD4, LRP5, TSPAN12, NDP, ZNF408, and KIF11 were found in 8.48%, 9.00%, 5.91%, 4.63%, 0.77%, and 0.77% of the cohort, respectively. Probands carrying PPVs in NDP and KIF11 had more severe FEVR in general than those carrying PPVs in other genes. Overall, variants in LRP5 and FZD4 showed more significant variation in phenotype than variants in TSPAN12 and NDP genes. Conclusions Our study expanded the spectrum of PPVs associated with FEVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Kai Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xin Hua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yian Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xin Hua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xin Hua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Li Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu-Qing Rao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xin Hua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Fei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xin Hua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xin Hua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiquan Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xin Hua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xin Hua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Papadopoulos I, Bountouvi E, Attilakos A, Gole E, Dinopoulos A, Peppa M, Nikolaidou P, Papadopoulou A. Osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome: clinical, genetic, and treatment-response study of 10 new cases in Greece. Eur J Pediatr 2019; 178:323-329. [PMID: 30499050 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-018-3299-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome (OPPG) is a rare autosomal-recessive disorder, characterized by severe osteoporosis and early-onset blindness. Loss of function mutations in the gene encoding low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) have been established as the genetic defect of the disease. We report the clinical and genetic evaluation of ten OPPG cases in eight related nuclear families and their close relatives. Bone mineral density (BMD) in OPPG patients was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Genotyping of LRP5 gene and targeted detection of index mutation were performed by DNA direct sequencing. Four patients were introduced to bisphosphonates. Mutational screening of LRP5 gene revealed the c.2409_2503+79del deletion in homozygous state, expected to result in a truncated protein. Among 44 members of the pedigree, 10 (22%) were identified homozygous and 34 (59%) heterozygous for this mutation. All patients had congenital blindness and 7 of them had also impaired bone mineral density. Four of them received bisphosphonates and responded with decreased bone pain and improvement in BMD; however, 3 patients presented with one fracture during treatment.Conclusion: The current study presents the molecular and clinical profiles of 10 new OPPG cases, being part of an extended pedigree. Patients who received bisphosphonate treatment responded well with increase in their BMD, though fractures occurred during therapy. What is known: • OPPG syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by congenital blindness and juvenile osteoporosis. • Loss of function mutations in the gene encoding low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) is the genetic defect of the disease. What is new: • Genetic and clinical phenotype of 10 new OPPG patients. • The ten new OPPG patients presented with phenotypical variability in osseous manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iordanis Papadopoulos
- Third Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Bountouvi
- Third Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Achilleas Attilakos
- Third Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| | - Evangelia Gole
- Third Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Argirios Dinopoulos
- Third Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Melpomeni Peppa
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Polyxeni Nikolaidou
- Third Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Papadopoulou
- Third Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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32
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Wang Z, Liu CH, Huang S, Chen J. Wnt Signaling in vascular eye diseases. Prog Retin Eye Res 2018; 70:110-133. [PMID: 30513356 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in vascular morphogenesis in various organs including the eye. Wnt ligands and receptors are key regulators of ocular angiogenesis both during the eye development and in vascular eye diseases. Wnt signaling participates in regulating multiple vascular beds in the eye including regression of the hyaloid vessels, and development of structured layers of vasculature in the retina. Loss-of-function mutations in Wnt signaling components cause rare genetic eye diseases in humans such as Norrie disease, and familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) with defective ocular vasculature. On the other hand, experimental studies in more prevalent vascular eye diseases, such as wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and corneal neovascularization, suggest that aberrantly increased Wnt signaling is one of the causations for pathological ocular neovascularization, indicating the potential of modulating Wnt signaling to ameliorate pathological angiogenesis in eye diseases. This review recapitulates the key roles of the Wnt signaling pathway during ocular vascular development and in vascular eye diseases, and pharmaceutical approaches targeting the Wnt signaling as potential treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxiao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Chi-Hsiu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Shuo Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States.
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33
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Hannan FM, Newey PJ, Whyte MP, Thakker RV. Genetic approaches to metabolic bone diseases. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2018; 85:1147-1160. [PMID: 30357886 PMCID: PMC6533455 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic bone diseases comprise a diverse group of disorders characterized by alterations in skeletal homeostasis, and are often associated with abnormal circulating concentrations of calcium, phosphate or vitamin D metabolites. These diseases commonly have a genetic basis and represent either a monogenic disorder due to a germline or somatic single gene mutation, or an oligogenic or polygenic disorder that involves variants in more than one gene. Germline single gene mutations causing Mendelian diseases typically have a high penetrance, whereas the genetic variations causing oligogenic or polygenic disorders are each associated with smaller effects with additional contributions from environmental factors. Recognition of familial monogenic disorders is of clinical importance to facilitate timely investigations and management of the patient and any affected relatives. The diagnosis of monogenic metabolic bone disease requires careful clinical evaluation of the large diversity of symptoms and signs associated with these disorders. Thus, the clinician must pursue a systematic approach beginning with a detailed history and physical examination, followed by appropriate laboratory and skeletal imaging evaluations. Finally, the clinician must understand the increasing number and complexity of molecular genetic tests available to ensure their appropriate use and interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadil M Hannan
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine,, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Paul J Newey
- Division of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, UK
| | - Michael P Whyte
- Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospital for Children, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Rajesh V Thakker
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine,, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Interplay of the Norrin and Wnt7a/Wnt7b signaling systems in blood-brain barrier and blood-retina barrier development and maintenance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E11827-E11836. [PMID: 30478038 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1813217115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Catenin signaling controls the development and maintenance of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-retina barrier (BRB), but the division of labor and degree of redundancy between the two principal ligand-receptor systems-the Norrin and Wnt7a/Wnt7b systems-are incompletely defined. Here, we present a loss-of-function genetic analysis of postnatal BBB and BRB maintenance in mice that shows striking threshold and partial redundancy effects. In particular, the combined loss of Wnt7a and Norrin or Wnt7a and Frizzled4 (Fz4) leads to anatomically localized BBB defects that are far more severe than observed with loss of Wnt7a, Norrin, or Fz4 alone. In the cerebellum, selective loss of Wnt7a in glia combined with ubiquitous loss of Norrin recapitulates the phenotype observed with ubiquitous loss of both Wnt7a and Norrin, implying that glia are the source of Wnt7a in the cerebellum. Tspan12, a coactivator of Norrin signaling in the retina, is also active in BBB maintenance but is less potent than Norrin, consistent with a model in which Tspan12 enhances the amplitude of the Norrin signal in vascular endothelial cells. Finally, in the context of a partially impaired Norrin system, the retina reveals a small contribution to BRB development from the Wnt7a/Wnt7b system. Taken together, these experiments define the extent of CNS region-specific cooperation for several components of the Norrin and Wnt7a/Wnt7b systems, and they reveal substantial regional heterogeneity in the extent to which partially redundant ligands, receptors, and coactivators maintain the BBB and BRB.
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Abstract
Bone disease in the neonatal period has often been regarded as an issue affecting premature infants, or a collection of rare and ultra-rare disorders that most neonatologists will see only once or twice each year, or possibly each decade. The emergence of targeted therapies for some of these rare disorders means that neonatologists may be faced with diagnostic dilemmas that need a rapid solution in order to access management options that did not previously exist. The diagnostic modalities available to the neonatologist have not changed a great deal in recent years; blood tests and radiographs still form the mainstays with other techniques usually reserved for research studies, but rapid access to genomic testing is emergent. This paper provides an update around diagnosis and management of bone problems likely to present to the neonatologist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Borg
- Academic Unit of Child Health, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TH.
| | - Nicholas J Bishop
- Academic Unit of Child Health, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TH.
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36
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Morello R. Osteogenesis imperfecta and therapeutics. Matrix Biol 2018; 71-72:294-312. [PMID: 29540309 PMCID: PMC6133774 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta, or brittle bone disease, is a congenital disease that primarily causes low bone mass and bone fractures but it can negatively affect other organs. It is usually inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion, although rarer recessive and X-chromosome-linked forms of the disease have been identified. In addition to type I collagen, mutations in a number of other genes, often involved in type I collagen synthesis or in the differentiation and function of osteoblasts, have been identified in the last several years. Seldom, the study of a rare disease has delivered such a wealth of new information that have helped our understanding of multiple processes involved in collagen synthesis and bone formation. In this short review I will describe the clinical features and the molecular genetics of the disease, but then focus on how OI dysregulates all aspects of extracellular matrix biology. I will conclude with a discussion about OI therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Morello
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Orthopaedic Surgery, and Division of Genetics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.
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37
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Astiazarán MC, Cervantes-Sodi M, Rebolledo-Enríquez E, Chacón-Camacho O, Villegas V, Zenteno JC. Novel Homozygous LRP5 Mutations in Mexican Patients with Osteoporosis-Pseudoglioma Syndrome. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2017; 21:742-746. [PMID: 29131652 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2017.0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome (OPPG) is an uncommon autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the rare association of early-onset osteoporosis and severe ocular abnormalities such as persistent fetal vasculature and microphthalmia. Biallelic mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-5 gene (LRP5) have been associated with OPPG. We present clinical and genetic data from three Mexican OPPG patients, a pair of sibs, and a sporadic case. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three patients underwent clinical examination, including a complete ophthalmic evaluation. Based on the clinical diagnosis of OPPG, the entire coding sequence of LRP5 was polymerase chain reaction-amplified and directly Sanger-sequenced. Genetic testing was extended to the parents of the affected patients. RESULTS Phenotypic variability was observed in the familial case and molecular analysis identified a novel homozygous c.1145C>T, p.(Pro382Leu) variant in both sibs. As expected, their parents were heterozygous carriers. The sporadic patient exhibited a severe osseous phenotype, microphthalmia, and neurological symptoms. In this patient, homozygosity for the c.442C>T, p.(Gln148*) variant was demonstrated, whereas her parents were heterozygous carriers. The p.(Pro382Leu) pathogenic mutation has been previously reported only in a compound heterozygous state in OPPG patients. CONCLUSIONS Two novel homozygous missense and nonsense variants were demonstrated in three OPPG cases from Mexico. Our results expand the spectrum of disease-causing LRP5 mutations. This is the first report of OPPG in our population and our findings may potentially add to a genotype-phenotype correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirena C Astiazarán
- 1 Research Unit, Genetics Department, Institute of Ophthalmology , "Conde de Valenciana," Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Cervantes-Sodi
- 2 Departamento Clínico de Genética Médica, Hospital de Pediatría , Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Oscar Chacón-Camacho
- 1 Research Unit, Genetics Department, Institute of Ophthalmology , "Conde de Valenciana," Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Vanessa Villegas
- 1 Research Unit, Genetics Department, Institute of Ophthalmology , "Conde de Valenciana," Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Zenteno
- 1 Research Unit, Genetics Department, Institute of Ophthalmology , "Conde de Valenciana," Mexico City, Mexico .,4 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico , Mexico City, Mexico
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38
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Celli M, D'Eufemia P, Persiani P, Turchetti A, Febbo A, D'Alfonso Y, Celli L, Zambrano A. Clinical and biochemical response to neridronate treatment in a patient with osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome (OPPG). Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:3277-3280. [PMID: 28866852 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-017-4214-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome (OPPG) is a rare autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by juvenile-onset osteoporosis and ocular abnormalities due to a low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) gene mutation. Treatment with bisphosphonates, particularly with pamidronate and risedronate, has been reported to be of some efficacy in this condition. We report on a patient with OPPG due to an LRP5 gene mutation, who showed an encouraging response after a 36-month period of neridronate therapy. We report a case of a patient treated with bisphosphonates. Bisphosphonates should be administered in OPPG patients as a first-line therapy during early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Celli
- Department of Pediatrics, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 324, 00324, Rome, Italy.
| | - P D'Eufemia
- Department of Pediatrics, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 324, 00324, Rome, Italy
| | - P Persiani
- Department of Anatomic Histologic Forensic and Locomotor Apparatus Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 324, 00324, Rome, Italy
| | - A Turchetti
- Department of Pediatrics, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 324, 00324, Rome, Italy
| | - A Febbo
- Department of Pediatrics, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 324, 00324, Rome, Italy
| | - Y D'Alfonso
- Department of Pediatrics, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 324, 00324, Rome, Italy
| | - L Celli
- Department of Pediatrics, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 324, 00324, Rome, Italy
| | - A Zambrano
- Department of Pediatrics, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 324, 00324, Rome, Italy
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Pekkinen M, Grigelioniene G, Akin L, Shah K, Karaer K, Kurtoğlu S, Ekbote A, Aycan Z, Sağsak E, Danda S, Åström E, Mäkitie O. Novel mutations in the LRP5 gene in patients with Osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:3132-3135. [PMID: 29055141 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minna Pekkinen
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Giedre Grigelioniene
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leyla Akin
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Turkey
| | - Krati Shah
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Christian Medical College and Hospital Vellore, India
| | - Kadri Karaer
- Intergen, Genetic Diagnosis Research and Application Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selim Kurtoğlu
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Turkey
| | - Alka Ekbote
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Christian Medical College and Hospital Vellore, India
| | - Zehra Aycan
- Dr.Sami Ulus Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elif Sağsak
- Dr.Sami Ulus Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sumita Danda
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Christian Medical College and Hospital Vellore, India
| | - Eva Åström
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska Institutet and Pediatric Neurology, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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40
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Abstract
Skeletal deformity and bone fragility are the hallmarks of the brittle bone dysplasia osteogenesis imperfecta. The diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta usually depends on family history and clinical presentation characterized by a fracture (or fractures) during the prenatal period, at birth or in early childhood; genetic tests can confirm diagnosis. Osteogenesis imperfecta is caused by dominant autosomal mutations in the type I collagen coding genes (COL1A1 and COL1A2) in about 85% of individuals, affecting collagen quantity or structure. In the past decade, (mostly) recessive, dominant and X-linked defects in a wide variety of genes encoding proteins involved in type I collagen synthesis, processing, secretion and post-translational modification, as well as in proteins that regulate the differentiation and activity of bone-forming cells have been shown to cause osteogenesis imperfecta. The large number of causative genes has complicated the classic classification of the disease, and although a new genetic classification system is widely used, it is still debated. Phenotypic manifestations in many organs, in addition to bone, are reported, such as abnormalities in the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems, skin fragility, muscle weakness, hearing loss and dentinogenesis imperfecta. Management involves surgical and medical treatment of skeletal abnormalities, and treatment of other complications. More innovative approaches based on gene and cell therapy, and signalling pathway alterations, are under investigation.
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41
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Boudin E, Van Hul W. MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Genetics of human bone formation. Eur J Endocrinol 2017; 177:R69-R83. [PMID: 28381451 DOI: 10.1530/eje-16-0990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Throughout life, bone is continuously remodelled to be able to fulfil its multiple functions. The importance of strictly regulating the bone remodelling process, which is defined by the sequential actions of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, is shown by a variety of disorders with abnormalities in bone mass and strength. The best known and most common example of such a disorder is osteoporosis, which is marked by a decreased bone mass and strength that consequently results in an increased fracture risk. As osteoporosis is a serious health problem, a large number of studies focus on elucidating the aetiology of the disease as well as on the identification of novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of osteoporotic patients. These studies have demonstrated that a large amount of variation in bone mass and strength is often influenced by genetic variation in genes encoding important regulators of bone homeostasis. Throughout the years, studies into the genetic causes of osteoporosis as well as several rare monogenic disorders with abnormal high or low bone mass and strength have largely increased the knowledge on regulatory pathways important for bone resorption and formation. This review gives an overview of genes and pathways that are important for the regulation of bone formation and that are identified through their involvement in monogenic and complex disorders with abnormal bone mass. Furthermore, novel bone-forming strategies for the treatment of osteoporosis that resulted from these discoveries, such as antibodies against sclerostin, are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Boudin
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Hul
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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42
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Extracellular LDLR repeats modulate Wnt signaling activity by promoting LRP6 receptor endocytosis mediated by the Itch E3 ubiquitin ligase. Genes Cancer 2017; 8:613-627. [PMID: 28966723 PMCID: PMC5620007 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The LOW-density lipoprotein related protein 6 (LRP6) receptor is an important effector of canonical Wnt signaling, a developmental pathway, whose dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases including cancer. The membrane proximal low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor repeats in LRP6 exhibit homology to ligand binding repeats in the LDL receptor (LDLR), but lack known function. We generated single amino acid substitutions of LRP6-LDLR repeat residues, which are highly conserved in the human LDLR and mutated in patients with Familial Hypercholesteremia (FH). These substitutions negatively impacted LRP6 internalization and activation of Wnt signaling. By mass spectrometry, we observed that the Itch E3 ubiquitin ligase associated with and ubiquitinated wild type LRP6 but not the LDLR repeat mutants. These findings establish the involvement of LRP6-LDLR repeats in the regulation of canonical Wnt signaling.
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43
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Keser V, Khan A, Siddiqui S, Lopez I, Ren H, Qamar R, Nadaf J, Majewski J, Chen R, Koenekoop RK. The Genetic Causes of Nonsyndromic Congenital Retinal Detachment: A Genetic and Phenotypic Study of Pakistani Families. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:1028-1036. [PMID: 28192794 PMCID: PMC5308768 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-20281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate consanguineous pedigrees from Pakistan with a clinical diagnosis of nonsyndromic congenital retinal nonattachment (NCRNA) and identify genes responsible for the disease as currently only one NCRNA gene is known (atonal basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor 7: ATOH7). Methods We implemented a three-step genotyping platform: single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping to identify loss of heterozygosity regions in patients, Retinal Information Network panel screening for mutations in currently known retinal genes. Negative patients were then subjected to whole exome sequencing. Results We evaluated 21 consanguineous NCRNA pedigrees and identified the causal mutations in known retinal genes in 13 out of our 21 families. We found mutations in ATOH7 in three families. Surprisingly, we then found mutations in familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) genes; low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 mutations (six families), tetraspanin 12 mutations (two families), and NDP mutations (two families). Thus, 62% of the patients were successfully genotyped in our study with seven novel and six previously reported mutations in known retinal genes. Conclusions Although the clinical diagnosis of all children was NCRNA with severe congenital fibrotic retinal detachments, the molecular diagnosis determined that the disease process was in fact a very severe form of FEVR in 10 families. Because severe congenital retinal detachment has not been previously associated with all the FEVR genes, we have thus expanded the phenotypic spectrum of FEVR, a highly variable retinal detachment phenotype that has clinical overlap with NCRNA. We identified seven novel mutations. We also established for the first time genetic overlap between the Iranian and Pakistani populations. We identified eight NCRNA families that do not harbor mutations in any known retinal genes, suggesting novel causal genes in these families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vafa Keser
- McGill Ocular Genetics Laboratory, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ayesha Khan
- McGill Ocular Genetics Laboratory, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sorath Siddiqui
- McGill Ocular Genetics Laboratory, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Irma Lopez
- McGill Ocular Genetics Laboratory, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Huanan Ren
- McGill Ocular Genetics Laboratory, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Raheel Qamar
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Al Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Javad Nadaf
- Quebec Genome Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jacek Majewski
- Quebec Genome Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada 4Faculty of Medicine, Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Robert K Koenekoop
- McGill Ocular Genetics Laboratory, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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44
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Alowolodu O, Johnson G, Alashwal L, Addou I, Zhdanova IV, Uversky VN. Intrinsic disorder in spondins and some of their interacting partners. INTRINSICALLY DISORDERED PROTEINS 2016; 4:e1255295. [PMID: 28232900 DOI: 10.1080/21690707.2016.1255295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Spondins, which are proteins that inhibit and promote adherence of embryonic cells so as to aid axonal growth are part of the thrombospondin-1 family. Spondins function in several important biological processes, such as apoptosis, angiogenesis, etc. Spondins constitute a thrombospondin subfamily that includes F-spondin, a protein that interacts with Aβ precursor protein and inhibits its proteolytic processing; R-spondin, a 4-membered group of proteins that regulates Wnt pathway and have other functions, such as regulation of kidney proliferation, induction of epithelial proliferation, the tumor suppressant action; M-spondin that mediates mechanical linkage between the muscles and apodemes; and the SCO-spondin, a protein important for neuronal development. In this study, we investigated intrinsic disorder status of human spondins and their interacting partners, such as members of the LRP family, LGR family, Frizzled family, and several other binding partners in order to establish the existence and importance of disordered regions in spondins and their interacting partners by conducting a detailed analysis of their sequences, finding disordered regions, and establishing a correlation between their structure and biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwole Alowolodu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida , Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Gbemisola Johnson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida , Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Lamis Alashwal
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida , Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Iqbal Addou
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida , Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Irina V Zhdanova
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; USF Health Byrd Alzheimer Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Zhang L, Yang Y, Li S, Tai Z, Huang L, Liu Y, Zhu X, Di Y, Qu C, Jiang Z, Li Y, Zhang G, Kim R, Sundaresan P, Yang Z, Zhu X. Whole Exome Sequencing Analysis Identifies Mutations in LRP5 in Indian Families with Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2016; 20:346-51. [PMID: 27228167 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2015.0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR, OMIM 133780) is a severe inherited retinal disorder characterized by incomplete retinal vascular development and neovascularization. At least five genes have been reported to be associated with FEVR, including NDP, LRP5, FZD4, TSPAN12, and ZNF408. Recently reported data showed that mutations in the KIF11 gene can also lead to FEVR conditions. Previous studies suggested that known mutations only explain approximately 40-60% of FEVR cases in different populations. PURPOSE To investigate the causative genetic mutations in four Indian families with FEVR. METHODS Whole exome sequencing was carried out to analyze the genomic DNA samples from the four FEVR proband patients and Sanger sequencing was utilized to verify all identified polymorphisms. A luciferase assay was used to test the mutant protein activity. RESULTS We identified four novel LRP5 missense mutations in these FEVR families: c.C1042T (p.R348W), c.G1141A (p.D381N), c.C1870T (p.R624W), and c.A4550G (p.Y1517C). The luciferase assay demonstrated that all four of these LRP5 mutations led to significant reduction of enzymatic activity with response to NORRIN, suggesting that they are pathogenic. CONCLUSION Our findings expand the mutational spectrum of FEVR in the Indian population and provide some guidelines in clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- 1 Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chengdu, China .,2 Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, School of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China .,3 Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yeming Yang
- 2 Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, School of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China .,3 Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital , Chengdu, Sichuan, China .,4 Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education and Medical Information Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shujin Li
- 1 Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chengdu, China .,2 Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, School of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China .,3 Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengfu Tai
- 1 Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chengdu, China .,2 Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, School of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China .,3 Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lulin Huang
- 2 Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, School of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China .,3 Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital , Chengdu, Sichuan, China .,4 Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education and Medical Information Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuqing Liu
- 2 Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, School of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China .,3 Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital , Chengdu, Sichuan, China .,4 Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education and Medical Information Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiong Zhu
- 1 Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chengdu, China .,2 Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, School of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China .,3 Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital , Chengdu, Sichuan, China .,4 Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education and Medical Information Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanan Di
- 2 Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, School of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China .,3 Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chao Qu
- 2 Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, School of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China .,3 Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhilin Jiang
- 2 Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, School of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China .,3 Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanfeng Li
- 2 Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, School of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China .,3 Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guolin Zhang
- 1 Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chengdu, China .,3 Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ramasamy Kim
- 5 Retina-Vitreous Services, Aravind Eye Hospital , Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Periasamy Sundaresan
- 6 Department of Genetics, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Aravind Eye Hospital , Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Zhenglin Yang
- 1 Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chengdu, China .,2 Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, School of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China .,3 Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital , Chengdu, Sichuan, China .,4 Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education and Medical Information Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xianjun Zhu
- 2 Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, School of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China .,3 Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital , Chengdu, Sichuan, China .,4 Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education and Medical Information Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu, Sichuan, China .,7 Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Kramer GD, Say EAT, Shields CL. Simultaneous Novel Mutations of LRP5 and TSPAN12 in a Case of Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2016; 53 Online:e1-5. [PMID: 27007396 DOI: 10.3928/01913913-20151215-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy and osteoporosis pseudoglioma syndrome are conditions that result from mutations in the LRP5 gene. Persistent fetal vasculature is a rare congenital malformation that can mimic end-stage familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. The authors report a case of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy in the spectrum of osteoporosis pseudoglioma syndrome associated with novel mutations of the LRP5 and TSPAN12 genes that resulted in a phenotype similar to bilateral persistent fetal vasculature. Both conditions can result in bilateral early-onset blindness. A high index of suspicion, dilated fundus examination and angiography of the parents, and genetic testing are necessary to ensure a correct diagnosis.
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Kheir V, Munier FL, Aubry-Rozier B, Schorderet DF. Potential blindness in children of patients with hereditary bone disease. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:841-4. [PMID: 26243358 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3245-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mono- and bi-allelic mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein 5 (LRP5) may cause osteopetrosis, autosomal dominant and recessive exudative vitreoretinopathy, juvenile osteoporosis, or persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV). We report on a child affected with PHPV and carrying compound mutations. The father carried the splice mutation and suffered from severe bone fragility since childhood. The mother carried the missense mutation without any clinical manifestations. The genetic diagnosis of their child allowed for appropriate treatment in the father and for the detection of osteopenia in the mother. Mono- and bi-allelic mutations in LRP5 may cause osteopetrosis, autosomal dominant and recessive exudative vitreoretinopathy, juvenile osteoporosis, or PHPV. PHPV is a component of persistent fetal vasculature of the eye, characterized by highly variable expressivity and resulting in a wide spectrum of anterior and/or posterior congenital developmental defects, which may lead to blindness. We evaluated a family diagnosed with PHPV in their only child. The child presented photophobia during the first 3 weeks of life, followed by leukocoria at 2 months of age. Molecular resequencing of NDP, FZD4, and LRP5 was performed in the child and segregation of the observed mutations in the parents. At presentation, fundus examination of the child showed a retrolental mass in the right eye. Ultrasonography revealed retinal detachment in both eyes. Thorough familial analysis revealed that the father suffered from many fractures since childhood without specific fragility bone diagnosis, treatment, or management. The mother was asymptomatic. Molecular analysis in the proband identified two mutations: a c.[2091+2T>C] splice mutation and c.[1682C>T] missense mutation. We report the case of a child affected with PHPV and carrying compound heterozygous LRP5 mutations. This genetic diagnosis allowed the clinical diagnosis of the bone problem to be made in the father, resulting in better management of the family. It also enabled preventive treatment to be prescribed for the mother and accurate genetic counseling to be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kheir
- IRO - Institute for Research in Ophthalmology, Av. du Grand-Champsec 64, 1950, Sion, Switzerland
| | - F L Munier
- IRO - Institute for Research in Ophthalmology, Av. du Grand-Champsec 64, 1950, Sion, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - B Aubry-Rozier
- Bone and Joint Department, Center of Bone Diseases, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D F Schorderet
- IRO - Institute for Research in Ophthalmology, Av. du Grand-Champsec 64, 1950, Sion, Switzerland.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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48
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Osteoporosis-Pseudoglioma in a Mauritanian Child due to a Novel Mutation in LRP5. Case Rep Genet 2016; 2016:9814928. [PMID: 26904320 PMCID: PMC4745298 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9814928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis-pseudoglioma (OPPG) syndrome is a very rare autosomal recessive disorder, caused by mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) gene. It manifests by severe juvenile osteoporosis with congenital or infancy-onset visual loss. We describe a case of OPPG due to novel mutation in LRP5 gene, occurring in a female Mauritanian child. This 10-year-old female child was born blind, and after then multiple fragility fractures appeared. PCR amplification and sequencing revealed a novel homozygous nonsense mutation in exon 10 of the LRP5 gene (c.2270G>A; pTrP757⁎); this mutation leads to the production of a truncated protein containing 757 amino acids instead of 1615, located in the third β-propeller domain of the LRP5 protein. Both parents were heterozygous for the mutation. This is the first case of the OPPG described in black Africans, which broadens the spectrum of LRP5 gene mutations in OPPG.
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Abstract
Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease characterized by loss of bone mass and strength, resulting in increased risk of fractures. It is classically divided into primary (post-menopausal or senile), secondary and idiopathic forms. There are many rare diseases, that cause directly or indirectly osteoporosis. The identification and classification of most of these rare causes of osteoporosis is crucial for the specialists in endocrinology and not, in order to prevent this bone complication and to provide for an early therapy. Several pathogenic mechanisms are involved, including various aspects of bone metabolism such as: decreased bone formation, increased bone resorption, altered calcium, phosphorus and/or vitamin D homeostasis, and abnormal collagen synthesis. In this review, less common forms of primary and secondary osteoporosis are described, specifying, if applicable: genetic causes, epidemiology, clinical features, and pathogenic mechanisms causing osteoporosis. A greater awareness of all rare causes of osteoporosis could reduce the number of cases classified as idiopathic osteoporosis and allow the introduction of appropriate and timely treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Marcucci
- Bone Metabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Bone Metabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Niziolek PJ, MacDonald BT, Kedlaya R, Zhang M, Bellido T, He X, Warman ML, Robling AG. High Bone Mass-Causing Mutant LRP5 Receptors Are Resistant to Endogenous Inhibitors In Vivo. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:1822-30. [PMID: 25808845 PMCID: PMC4580530 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Certain missense mutations affecting LRP5 cause high bone mass (HBM) in humans. Based on in vitro evidence, HBM LRP5 receptors are thought to exert their effects by providing resistance to binding/inhibition of secreted LRP5 inhibitors such as sclerostin (SOST) and Dickkopf homolog-1 (DKK1). We previously reported the creation of two Lrp5 HBM knock-in mouse models, in which the human p.A214V or p.G171V missense mutations were knocked into the endogenous Lrp5 locus. To determine whether HBM knock-in mice are resistant to SOST- or DKK1-induced osteopenia, we bred Lrp5 HBM mice with transgenic mice that overexpress human SOST in osteocytes ((8kb) Dmp1-SOST) or mouse DKK1 in osteoblasts and osteocytes ((2.3kb) Col1a1-Dkk1). We observed that the (8kb) Dmp1-SOST transgene significantly lowered whole-body bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), femoral and vertebral trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV), and periosteal bone-formation rate (BFR) in wild-type mice but not in mice with Lrp5 p.G171V and p.A214V alleles. The (2.3kb) Col1a1-Dkk1 transgene significantly lowered whole-body BMD, BMC, and vertebral BV/TV in wild-type mice and affected p.A214V mice more than p.G171V mice. These in vivo data support in vitro studies regarding the mechanism of HBM-causing mutations, and imply that HBM LRP5 receptors differ in their relative sensitivity to inhibition by SOST and DKK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Niziolek
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Bryan T. MacDonald
- The F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Rajendra Kedlaya
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Minjie Zhang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Teresita Bellido
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Xi He
- The F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Matthew L. Warman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander G. Robling
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University–Purdue University at Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN USA
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