1
|
Burggren W, Abramova R, Bautista NM, Fritsche Danielson R, Dubansky B, Gupta A, Hansson K, Iyer N, Jagadeeswaran P, Jennbacken K, Rydén-Markinhutha K, Patel V, Raman R, Trivedi H, Vazquez Roman K, Williams S, Wang QD. A larval zebrafish model of cardiac physiological recovery following cardiac arrest and myocardial hypoxic damage. Biol Open 2024; 13:bio060230. [PMID: 39263862 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Contemporary cardiac injury models in zebrafish larvae include cryoinjury, laser ablation, pharmacological treatment and cardiac dysfunction mutations. Although effective in damaging cardiomyocytes, these models lack the important element of myocardial hypoxia, which induces critical molecular cascades within cardiac muscle. We have developed a novel, tractable, high throughput in vivo model of hypoxia-induced cardiac damage that can subsequently be used in screening cardioactive drugs and testing recovery therapies. Our potentially more realistic model for studying cardiac arrest and recovery involves larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) acutely exposed to severe hypoxia (PO2=5-7 mmHg). Such exposure induces loss of mobility quickly followed by cardiac arrest occurring within 120 min in 5 days post fertilization (dpf) and within 40 min at 10 dpf. Approximately 90% of 5 dpf larvae survive acute hypoxic exposure, but survival fell to 30% by 10 dpf. Upon return to air-saturated water, only a subset of larvae resumed heartbeat, occurring within 4 min (5 dpf) and 6-8 min (8-10 dpf). Heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output in control larvae before hypoxic exposure were 188±5 bpm, 0.20±0.001 nL and 35.5±2.2 nL/min (n=35), respectively. After briefly falling to zero upon severe hypoxic exposure, heart rate returned to control values by 24 h of recovery. However, reflecting the severe cardiac damage induced by the hypoxic episode, stroke volume and cardiac output remained depressed by ∼50% from control values at 24 h of recovery, and full restoration of cardiac function ultimately required 72 h post-cardiac arrest. Immunohistological staining showed co-localization of Troponin C (identifying cardiomyocytes) and Capase-3 (identifying cellular apoptosis). As an alternative to models employing mechanical or pharmacological damage to the developing myocardium, the highly reproducible cardiac effects of acute hypoxia-induced cardiac arrest in the larval zebrafish represent an alternative, potentially more realistic model that mimics the cellular and molecular consequences of an infarction for studying cardiac tissue hypoxia injury and recovery of function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Warren Burggren
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76205, USA
| | - Regina Abramova
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76205, USA
| | - Naim M Bautista
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76205, USA
| | - Regina Fritsche Danielson
- SVP and head of Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 431 50, Sweden
| | - Ben Dubansky
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76205, USA
| | - Avi Gupta
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76205, USA
| | - Kenny Hansson
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 431 50, Sweden
| | - Neha Iyer
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76205, USA
| | - Pudur Jagadeeswaran
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76205, USA
| | - Karin Jennbacken
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 431 50, Sweden
| | - Katarina Rydén-Markinhutha
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 431 50, Sweden
| | - Vishal Patel
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76205, USA
| | - Revathi Raman
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76205, USA
| | - Hersh Trivedi
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76205, USA
| | - Karem Vazquez Roman
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76205, USA
| | - Steven Williams
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76205, USA
| | - Qing-Dong Wang
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 431 50, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
He J, Blazeski A, Nilanthi U, Menéndez J, Pirani SC, Levic DS, Bagnat M, Singh MK, Raya JG, García-Cardeña G, Torres-Vázquez J. Plxnd1-mediated mechanosensing of blood flow controls the caliber of the Dorsal Aorta via the transcription factor Klf2. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.24.576555. [PMID: 38328196 PMCID: PMC10849625 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.24.576555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The cardiovascular system generates and responds to mechanical forces. The heartbeat pumps blood through a network of vascular tubes, which adjust their caliber in response to the hemodynamic environment. However, how endothelial cells in the developing vascular system integrate inputs from circulatory forces into signaling pathways to define vessel caliber is poorly understood. Using vertebrate embryos and in vitro-assembled microvascular networks of human endothelial cells as models, flow and genetic manipulations, and custom software, we reveal that Plexin-D1, an endothelial Semaphorin receptor critical for angiogenic guidance, employs its mechanosensing activity to serve as a crucial positive regulator of the Dorsal Aorta's (DA) caliber. We also uncover that the flow-responsive transcription factor KLF2 acts as a paramount mechanosensitive effector of Plexin-D1 that enlarges endothelial cells to widen the vessel. These findings illuminate the molecular and cellular mechanisms orchestrating the interplay between cardiovascular development and hemodynamic forces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia He
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Adriana Blazeski
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Uthayanan Nilanthi
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857
| | - Javier Menéndez
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Samuel C. Pirani
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Daniel S. Levic
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Michel Bagnat
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Manvendra K. Singh
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169609
| | - José G Raya
- Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Guillermo García-Cardeña
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jesús Torres-Vázquez
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Friedman CE, Cheetham SW, Negi S, Mills RJ, Ogawa M, Redd MA, Chiu HS, Shen S, Sun Y, Mizikovsky D, Bouveret R, Chen X, Voges HK, Paterson S, De Angelis JE, Andersen SB, Cao Y, Wu Y, Jafrani YMA, Yoon S, Faulkner GJ, Smith KA, Porrello E, Harvey RP, Hogan BM, Nguyen Q, Zeng J, Kikuchi K, Hudson JE, Palpant NJ. HOPX-associated molecular programs control cardiomyocyte cell states underpinning cardiac structure and function. Dev Cell 2024; 59:91-107.e6. [PMID: 38091997 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Genomic regulation of cardiomyocyte differentiation is central to heart development and function. This study uses genetic loss-of-function human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes to evaluate the genomic regulatory basis of the non-DNA-binding homeodomain protein HOPX. We show that HOPX interacts with and controls cardiac genes and enhancer networks associated with diverse aspects of heart development. Using perturbation studies in vitro, we define how upstream cell growth and proliferation control HOPX transcription to regulate cardiac gene programs. We then use cell, organoid, and zebrafish regeneration models to demonstrate that HOPX-regulated gene programs control cardiomyocyte function in development and disease. Collectively, this study mechanistically links cell signaling pathways as upstream regulators of HOPX transcription to control gene programs underpinning cardiomyocyte identity and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clayton E Friedman
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Seth W Cheetham
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Sumedha Negi
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Richard J Mills
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Masahito Ogawa
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine and School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Meredith A Redd
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Han Sheng Chiu
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Sophie Shen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yuliangzi Sun
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Dalia Mizikovsky
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Romaric Bouveret
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine and School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Holly K Voges
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Scott Paterson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jessica E De Angelis
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Stacey B Andersen
- Genome Innovation Hub, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yuanzhao Cao
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yang Wu
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yohaann M A Jafrani
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Sohye Yoon
- Genome Innovation Hub, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Geoffrey J Faulkner
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Kelly A Smith
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Enzo Porrello
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Melbourne Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Regenerative Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Richard P Harvey
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine and School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Benjamin M Hogan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Quan Nguyen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jian Zeng
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Kazu Kikuchi
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine and School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - James E Hudson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nathan J Palpant
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gregorovicova M, Lashkarinia SS, Yap CH, Tomek V, Sedmera D. Hemodynamics During Development and Postnatal Life. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1441:201-226. [PMID: 38884713 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
A well-developed heart is essential for embryonic survival. There are constant interactions between cardiac tissue motion and blood flow, which determine the heart shape itself. Hemodynamic forces are a powerful stimulus for cardiac growth and differentiation. Therefore, it is particularly interesting to investigate how the blood flows through the heart and how hemodynamics is linked to a particular species and its development, including human. The appropriate patterns and magnitude of hemodynamic stresses are necessary for the proper formation of cardiac structures, and hemodynamic perturbations have been found to cause malformations via identifiable mechanobiological molecular pathways. There are significant differences in cardiac hemodynamics among vertebrate species, which go hand in hand with the presence of specific anatomical structures. However, strong similarities during development suggest a common pattern for cardiac hemodynamics in human adults. In the human fetal heart, hemodynamic abnormalities during gestation are known to progress to congenital heart malformations by birth. In this chapter, we discuss the current state of the knowledge of the prenatal cardiac hemodynamics, as discovered through small and large animal models, as well as from clinical investigations, with parallels gathered from the poikilotherm vertebrates that emulate some hemodynamically significant human congenital heart diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Gregorovicova
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Choon Hwai Yap
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Viktor Tomek
- Pediatric Cardiology, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Sedmera
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Salehin N, Teranikar T, Lee J, Chuong CJ. Ventricular anisotropic deformation and contractile function of the developing heart of zebrafish in vivo. Dev Dyn 2023; 252:247-262. [PMID: 36057940 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The developing zebrafish ventricle generates higher intraventricular pressure (IVP) with increasing stroke volume and cardiac output at different developmental stages to meet the metabolic demands of the rapidly growing embryo (Salehin et al. Ann Biomed Eng, 2021;49(9): 2080-2093). To understand the changing role of the developing embryonic heart, we studied its biomechanical characteristics during in vivo cardiac cycles. By combining changes in wall strains and IVP measurements, we assessed ventricular wall stiffness during diastolic filling and the ensuing systolic IVP-generation capacity during 3-, 4-, and 5-day post fertilization (dpf). We further examined the anisotropy of wall deformation, in different regions within the ventricle, throughout a complete cardiac cycle. RESULTS We found the ventricular walls grow increasingly stiff during diastolic filling with a corresponding increase in IVP-generation capacity from 3- to 4- and 5-dpf groups. In addition, we found the corresponding increasing level of anisotropic wall deformation through cardiac cycles that favor the latitudinal direction, with the most pronounced found in the equatorial region of the ventricle. CONCLUSIONS From 3- to 4- and 5-dpf groups, the ventricular wall myocardium undergoes increasing level of anisotropic deformation. This, in combination with the increasing wall stiffness and IVP-generation capacity, allows the developing heart to effectively pump blood to meet the rapidly growing embryo's needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nabid Salehin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Tanveer Teranikar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Juhyun Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Cheng-Jen Chuong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Khalili A, van Wijngaarden E, Zoidl GR, Rezai P. Simultaneous screening of zebrafish larvae cardiac and respiratory functions: a microfluidic multi-phenotypic approach. INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY : QUANTITATIVE BIOSCIENCES FROM NANO TO MACRO 2022; 14:162-170. [PMID: 36416255 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyac015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Multi-phenotypic screening of multiple zebrafish larvae plays an important role in enhancing the quality and speed of biological assays. Many microfluidic platforms have been presented for zebrafish phenotypic assays, but multi-organ screening of multiple larvae, from different needed orientations, in a single device that can enable rapid and large-sample testing is yet to be achieved. Here, we propose a multi-phenotypic quadruple-fish microfluidic chip for simultaneous monitoring of heart activity and fin movement of 5-7-day postfertilization zebrafish larvae trapped in the chip. In each experiment, fin movements of four larvae were quantified in the dorsal view in terms of fin beat frequency (FBF). Positioning of four optical prisms next to the traps provided the lateral views of the four larvae and enabled heart rate (HR) monitoring. The device's functionality in chemical testing was validated by assessing the impacts of ethanol on heart and fin activities. Larvae treated with 3% ethanol displayed a significant drop of 13.2 and 35.8% in HR and FBF, respectively. Subsequent tests with cadmium chloride highlighted the novel application of our device for screening the effect of heavy metals on cardiac and respiratory function at the same time. Exposure to 5 $\mu$g/l cadmium chloride revealed a significant increase of 8.2% and 39.2% in HR and FBF, respectively. The device can be employed to monitor multi-phenotypic behavioral responses of zebrafish larvae induced by chemical stimuli in various chemical screening assays, in applications such as ecotoxicology and drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Khalili
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Georg R Zoidl
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pouya Rezai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vazquez Roman KN, Burggren WW. Metabolic responses to crude oil during early life stages reveal critical developmental windows in the zebrafish (Danio rerio). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 254:109274. [PMID: 35051628 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Morphological effects of crude oil exposure on early development in fishes have been well documented, but crude oil's metabolic effects and when in early development these effects might be most prominent remains unclear. We hypothesized that zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to crude oil as a high energy water accommodated fraction (HEWAF) would show increased routine oxygen consumption (ṀO2) and critical oxygen tension (PCrit) and this effect would be dependent upon day of HEWAF exposure, revealing critical windows of development for exposure effects. Zebrafish were exposed to 0%, 10%, 25%, 50% or 100% HEWAF for 24 h during one of the first six days post-fertilization (dpf). Survival rate, body mass, routine ṀO2, and PCrit were then measured at 7 dpf. Survival rate and especially body mass were both decreased based on both exposure concentration and day of crude oil exposure, with the largest decrease when HEWAF exposure occurred at 3 dpf. HEWAF effects on routine ṀO2 also differed depending upon exposure day. The largest effect occurred at 3 dpf, when ṀO2 increased significantly by ~60% from 10.1 ± 0.8 μmol O2/g/h compared to control group value of 6.3 ± 0.4 μmol O2/g/h. No significant effects of HEWAF exposure on any day were evident for PCrit (85 ± 4 mmHg in the control population). Overall, the main effects on body mass and ṀO2 measured at 7 dpf occurred when HEWAF exposures occurred at ~3 dpf. This critical window for metabolism in zebrafish larvae coincides with time of hatching, which may represent an especially vulnerable period in development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karem N Vazquez Roman
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA.
| | - Warren W Burggren
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Allmon E, Carter G, Griffitt R, Sepúlveda MS. Oil induced cardiac effects in embryonic sheepshead minnows, Cyprinodon variegatus. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132482. [PMID: 34627815 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in April 2010, much research has been conducted on the cardiotoxic effects of oil on fish. Sensitive life history stages, such as the embryonic period, have been targeted to elucidate the effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on the developing cardiovascular systems of fish. However, much of this research has focused on rapidly developing pelagic species, with little emphasis on estuarine species with longer embryological periods. Moreover, previous studies have used heart rate as the primary endpoint to measure cardiac performance in embryos and larvae; an endpoint that on its own may overlook impairment in cardiac performance. This study aims to fill these knowledge gaps and provide a more holistic approach for assessing the effects of PAHs on cardiac function by exposing sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) embryos to two oil doses (150 and 300 μg/L tPAH nominally) throughout embryonic development and measuring cardiac responses through the identification of cardiotoxic phenotypes (pericardial edema) as well as calculation of cardiac output at 4 days post fertilization. Results of this study show significant increases in pericardial edema at both oil doses relative to controls as well as significantly reduced cardiac output - driven by reductions in ventricular stroke volume. This study is one of the first to assess cardiac output in embryonic fish exposed to oil and methods described here allow for more physiologically relevant measures of cardiac performance in early life stages through established and non-invasive measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Allmon
- Department of Forestry & Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Grace Carter
- Department of Forestry & Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Robert Griffitt
- Division of Coastal Sciences, School of Ocean Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Ocean Springs, MS, USA
| | - Maria S Sepúlveda
- Department of Forestry & Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Thompson WA, Shvartsburd Z, Vijayan MM. The antidepressant venlafaxine perturbs cardiac development and function in larval zebrafish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 242:106041. [PMID: 34856460 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.106041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Venlafaxine, a selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, is a highly prescribed antidepressant and is detected at µg/L concentrations in waterways receiving municipal wastewater effluents. We previously showed that early-life venlafaxine exposure disrupted the normal development of the nervous system and reduces larval activity in zebrafish (Danio rerio). However, it is unclear whether the reduced swimming activity may be associated with impaired cardiac function. Here we tested the hypothesis that zygotic exposure to venlafaxine impacts the development and function of the larval zebrafish heart. Venlafaxine (0, 1 or 10 ng) was administered by microinjection into freshly fertilized zebrafish embryos (1-4 cell stage) to assess heart development and function during early-life stages. Venlafaxine deposition in the zygote led to precocious development of the embryo heart, including the timing of the first heartbeat, increased heart size, and a higher heart rate at 24- and 48-hours post-fertilization (hpf). Also, waterborne exposure to environmental levels of this antidepressant during early development increased the heart rate at 48 hpf of zebrafish larvae mimicking the zygotic deposition. The venlafaxine-induced higher heart rate in the embryos was abolished in the presence of NAN-190, an antagonist of the 5HT1A receptor. Also, heart rate dropped below control levels in the 10 ng, but not 1 ng venlafaxine group at 72 and 96 hpf. An acute stressor reduced the venlafaxine-induced heart rate at 48 hpf but did not affect the already reduced heart rate at 72 and 96 hpf in the 10 ng venlafaxine group. Our results suggest that the higher heart rate in the venlafaxine group may be due to an enhanced serotonin stimulation of the 5HT1A receptor. Taken together, early-life venlafaxine exposure disrupts cardiac development and has the potential to compromise the cardiovascular performance of larval zebrafish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Andrew Thompson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Zachary Shvartsburd
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Mathilakath M Vijayan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Piechowski JM, Bagatto B. Cardiovascular function during early development is suppressed by cinnamon flavored, nicotine-free, electronic cigarette vapor. Birth Defects Res 2021; 113:1215-1223. [PMID: 34487432 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vaping products continue to remain popular among teens and young adults despite an overall lack of research regarding their potential health effects. While much research focuses on respiratory effects associated with electronic cigarette use, their effects on other systems, including embryonic cardiovascular function and development due to maternal use during pregnancy, also needs to be evaluated. Here, we assessed the impact of nicotine-free, cinnamon and chocolate flavored, electronic cigarette vapor on cardiovascular function during early development by exposing wild-type zebrafish embryos to electronic cigarette vapor. METHODS Vapor was produced from a second-generation style vape pen and was incorporated into dechlorinated water at 0.6, 12, and 25 puffs/L, where one puff equals 55 ml of vapor. Vapor infused water was distributed among flasks to which zebrafish embryos were added. Exposures lasted for 24 hours and cardiovascular videos were recorded. Videos were analyzed and end systolic volume, end diastolic volume, stroke volume, heart rate, cardiac output, red blood cell density, and arterial and venous blood vessel diameters were measured. RESULTS Here, it was found that embryonic exposure to nicotine free, cinnamon, and not chocolate, flavored electronic cigarette vapor at 25 puffs/L significantly decreased all cardiovascular parameters measured, with the exception of blood vessel diameter. No significant effect on any measured parameter was observed at 0.6 or 12 puffs/L with either flavor. CONCLUSION These results indicate that cinnamon flavored electronic cigarette vapor can affect cardiovascular function during early development, even in the absence of nicotine, particularly at elevated exposure concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Piechowski
- Program in Integrated Bioscience, Department of Biology, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA
| | - Brian Bagatto
- Program in Integrated Bioscience, Department of Biology, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chakraborty S, Allmon E, Sepúlveda MS, Vlachos PP. Haemodynamic dependence of mechano-genetic evolution of the cardiovascular system in Japanese medaka. J R Soc Interface 2021; 18:20210752. [PMID: 34699728 PMCID: PMC8548083 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2021.0752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The progression of cardiac gene expression-wall shear stress (WSS) interplay is critical to identifying developmental defects during cardiovascular morphogenesis. However, mechano-genetics from the embryonic to larval stages are poorly understood in vertebrates. We quantified peak WSS in the heart and tail vessels of Japanese medaka from 3 days post fertilization (dpf) to 14 dpf using in vivo micro-particle image velocimetry flow measurements, and in parallel analysed the expression of five cardiac genes (fgf8, hoxb6b, bmp4, nkx2.5, smyd1). Here, we report that WSS in the atrioventricular canal (AVC), ventricular outflow tract (OFT), and the caudal vessels in medaka peak with inflection points at 6 dpf and 10-11 dpf instead of a monotonic trend. Retrograde flows are captured at the AVC and OFT of the medaka heart for the first time. In addition, all genes were upregulated at 3 dpf and 7 dpf, indicating a possible correlation between the two, with the cardiac gene upregulation preceding WSS increase in order to facilitate cardiac wall remodelling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sreyashi Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Elizabeth Allmon
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Maria S. Sepúlveda
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Pavlos P. Vlachos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li X, Xiong D, Ju Z, Xiong Y, Ding G, Liao G. Phenotypic and transcriptomic consequences in zebrafish early-life stages following exposure to crude oil and chemical dispersant at sublethal concentrations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 763:143053. [PMID: 33129528 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To further understand the underlying mechanisms involved in the developmental toxicity of crude oil and chemically dispersed crude oil on fish early-life stages (ELS), zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were exposed to GM-2 chemical dispersant (DISP), low-energy water-accommodated fractions (LEWAF), and chemically enhanced WAF (CEWAF) of Merey crude oil at sublethal concentrations for 120 h. We employed the General Morphology Score (GMS) and General Teratogenic Score (GTS) systems in conjunction with high-throughput RNA-Seq analysis to evaluate the phenotypic and transcriptomic responses in zebrafish ELS. Results showed that ΣPAHs concentrations in LEWAF and CEWAF solutions were 507.63 ± 80.95 ng·L-1 and 4039.51 ± 241.26 ng·L-1, respectively. The GMS and GTS values indicated that CEWAF exposure caused more severe developmental delay and higher frequencies of teratogenic effects than LEWAF exposure. Moreover, no significant change in heart rate was observed in LEWAF treatment, while CEWAF exposure caused a significant reduction in heart rate. LEWAF and CEWAF exposure exhibited an overt change in eye area, with a reduction of 4.0% and 25.3% (relative to the control), respectively. Additionally, no obvious impact on phenotypic development was observed in zebrafish embryo-larvae following DISP exposure. Significant changes in gene expression were detected in LEWAF and CEWAF treatments, with a total of 957 and 2062 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), respectively, while DISP exposure altered only 91 DEGs. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that LEWAF and CEWAF exposure caused significant perturbations in the pathways associated with phototransduction, retinol metabolism, metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, and immune response-related pathways. Our results provide more valid evidence to corroborate the previous suggestion that ocular impairment is an equal or possibly more sensitive biomarker than cardiotoxicity in fish ELS exposed to oil-derived PAHs. All these findings could gain further mechanistic insights into the effects of crude oil and chemical dispersant on fish ELS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xishan Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Deqi Xiong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China.
| | - Zhonglei Ju
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Yijun Xiong
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Grinnell College, Grinnell, IA 50112, USA
| | - Guanghui Ding
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Guoxiang Liao
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Salehin N, Villarreal C, Teranikar T, Dubansky B, Lee J, Chuong CJ. Assessing Pressure-Volume Relationship in Developing Heart of Zebrafish In-Vivo. Ann Biomed Eng 2021; 49:2080-2093. [PMID: 33532949 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-021-02731-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
During embryogenesis, the developing heart transforms from a linear peristaltic tube into a multi-chambered pulsatile pump with blood flow-regulating valves. In this work, we report how hemodynamic parameters evolve during the heart's development, leading to its rhythmic pumping and blood flow regulation as a functioning organ. We measured the time course of intra-ventricular pressure from zebrafish embryos at 3, 4, and 5 days post fertilization (dpf) using the servo null method. We also measured the ventricular volume and monitored the opening/closing activity of the AV and VB valves using 4D selective plane illumination microscopy (SPIM). Our results revealed significant increases in peak systolic pressure, stroke volume and work, cardiac output, and power generation, and a total peripheral resistance decrease from zebrafish at 4, 5 dpf versus 3 dpf. These data illustrate that the early-stage zebrafish heart's increasing efficiency is synchronous with the expected changes in valve development, chamber morphology and increasing vascular network complexity. Such physiological measurements in tractable laboratory model organisms are critical for understanding how gene variants may affect phenotype. As the zebrafish emerges as a leading biomedical model organism, the ability to effectively measure its physiology is critical to its translational relevance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nabid Salehin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76010, USA
| | - Cameron Villarreal
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76010, USA
| | - Tanveer Teranikar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76010, USA
| | - Benjamin Dubansky
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76201, USA
| | - Juhyun Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76010, USA
| | - Cheng-Jen Chuong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76010, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Computational Modeling of Blood Flow Hemodynamics for Biomechanical Investigation of Cardiac Development and Disease. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:jcdd8020014. [PMID: 33572675 PMCID: PMC7912127 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart is the first functional organ in a developing embryo. Cardiac development continues throughout developmental stages while the heart goes through a serious of drastic morphological changes. Previous animal experiments as well as clinical observations showed that disturbed hemodynamics interfere with the development of the heart and leads to the formation of a variety of defects in heart valves, heart chambers, and blood vessels, suggesting that hemodynamics is a governing factor for cardiogenesis, and disturbed hemodynamics is an important source of congenital heart defects. Therefore, there is an interest to image and quantify the flowing blood through a developing heart. Flow measurement in embryonic fetal heart can be performed using advanced techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or echocardiography. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling is another approach especially useful when the other imaging modalities are not available and in-depth flow assessment is needed. The approach is based on numerically solving relevant physical equations to approximate the flow hemodynamics and tissue behavior. This approach is becoming widely adapted to simulate cardiac flows during the embryonic development. While there are few studies for human fetal cardiac flows, many groups used zebrafish and chicken embryos as useful models for elucidating normal and diseased cardiogenesis. In this paper, we explain the major steps to generate CFD models for simulating cardiac hemodynamics in vivo and summarize the latest findings on chicken and zebrafish embryos as well as human fetal hearts.
Collapse
|
15
|
Zebrafish as a Model for Fish Diseases in Aquaculture. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9080609. [PMID: 32726918 PMCID: PMC7460226 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9080609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of zebrafish as a model for human conditions is widely recognized. Within the last couple of decades, the zebrafish has furthermore increasingly been utilized as a model for diseases in aquacultured fish species. The unique tools available in zebrafish present advantages compared to other animal models and unprecedented in vivo imaging and the use of transgenic zebrafish lines have contributed with novel knowledge to this field. In this review, investigations conducted in zebrafish on economically important diseases in aquacultured fish species are included. Studies are summarized on bacterial, viral and parasitic diseases and described in relation to prophylactic approaches, immunology and infection biology. Considerable attention has been assigned to innate and adaptive immunological responses. Finally, advantages and drawbacks of using the zebrafish as a model for aquacultured fish species are discussed.
Collapse
|
16
|
Benslimane FM, Zakaria ZZ, Shurbaji S, Abdelrasool MKA, Al-Badr MAHI, Al Absi ESK, Yalcin HC. Cardiac function and blood flow hemodynamics assessment of zebrafish (Danio rerio) using high-speed video microscopy. Micron 2020; 136:102876. [PMID: 32512409 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2020.102876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last few decades, zebrafish (Danio rerio) were introduced as a model organism to investigate human diseases including cardiovascular and neuronal disorders. In most zebrafish investigations, cardiac function and blood flow hemodynamics need to be assessed to study the effects of the interference on the cardiovascular system. For heart function assessment, most important parameters include heart rate, cardiac output, ejection fraction, fractional area change, and fractional shortening. METHODS A 10 s high-speed video of beating heart and flowing blood within major vessels of zebrafish that are less than 5 days post fertilization (dpf) were recorded via a stereo microscope equipped with a high speed camera. The videos were analyzed using MicroZebraLab and image J software for the assessment of cardiac function. RESULTS Using the technique described here, we were able to simply yet effectively assess cardiac function and blood flow dynamics of normal zebrafish embryos. We believe that the practical method presented here will help cardiac researchers using the zebrafish as a model to examine cardiac function by using tools that could be available in their laboratory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zain Z Zakaria
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Science, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Samar Shurbaji
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Advanced blood flow assessment in Zebrafish via experimental digital particle image velocimetry and computational fluid dynamics modeling. Micron 2020; 130:102801. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2019.102801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
18
|
Li X, Xiong D, Ding G, Fan Y, Ma X, Wang C, Xiong Y, Jiang X. Exposure to water-accommodated fractions of two different crude oils alters morphology, cardiac function and swim bladder development in early-life stages of zebrafish. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 235:423-433. [PMID: 31272002 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the developmental toxicity of water-accommodated fractions (WAFs) of Oman crude oil (OCO) and Merey crude oil (MCO) on zebrafish (Danio rerio) in early-life stages (ELS). Based on total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), LC50 values manifested that OCO WAF was 1.2-fold more lethal to zebrafish embryos than MCO WAF. As for hatching rate, EC50 value for OCO WAF was 5.7-fold lower than that for MCO WAF. To evaluate the sublethal morphological effects, semi-quantitative extended general morphological score (GMS) and general teratogenic score (GTS) systems were adopted. The GMS and GTS scores indicated that the WAFs caused remarkable developmental delay and high frequencies of malformation in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, OCO and MCO WAFs exposure exhibited severe bradycardia (reduced heart rate) and overt reduction of stroke volume, with a concomitant decrease in the cardiac output. Meanwhile, the WAFs also induced dose-dependent down-regulated expressions of several key functional genes of excitation-contraction coupling in cardiomyocytes, including ryr2, atp2a2a, atp2a2b, ncx1h, and kcnh2. For key gene markers of swim bladder development, results showed that high dose of TPH induced significant down-regulation of hb9 and anxa5 with no obvious change of acta2, suggesting that the WAFs could affect the specification and development of epithelium and outer mesothelium of swim bladder in zebrafish ELS. A strong negative relationship between the failure of swim bladder inflation and cardiac dysfunction via cardiac output was found. All these findings provide novel insights into the complicated mechanisms of the developmental toxicity of crude oil on fish in ELS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xishan Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Deqi Xiong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China.
| | - Guanghui Ding
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Youmei Fan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Xinrui Ma
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Chengyan Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Yijun Xiong
- Biological Chemistry & Statistics, Grinnell College, IA, 50112, USA
| | - Xi Jiang
- China Railway No.9 Group Fourth Engineering Co., Ltd, Shenyang, 110013, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Heart formation involves a complex series of tissue rearrangements, during which regions of the developing organ expand, bend, converge, and protrude in order to create the specific shapes of important cardiac components. Much of this morphogenesis takes place while cardiac function is underway, with blood flowing through the rapidly contracting chambers. Fluid forces are therefore likely to influence the regulation of cardiac morphogenesis, but it is not yet clear how these biomechanical cues direct specific cellular behaviors. In recent years, the optical accessibility and genetic amenability of zebrafish embryos have facilitated unique opportunities to integrate the analysis of flow parameters with the molecular and cellular dynamics underlying cardiogenesis. Consequently, we are making progress toward a comprehensive view of the biomechanical regulation of cardiac chamber emergence, atrioventricular canal differentiation, and ventricular trabeculation. In this review, we highlight a series of studies in zebrafish that have provided new insight into how cardiac function can shape cardiac morphology, with a particular focus on how hemodynamics can impact cardiac cell behavior. Over the long-term, this knowledge will undoubtedly guide our consideration of the potential causes of congenital heart disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Sidhwani
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Deborah Yelon
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Using Zebrafish for Investigating the Molecular Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Cardiotoxicity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:1642684. [PMID: 30363733 PMCID: PMC6180974 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1642684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as a model organism for cardiovascular research. Zebrafish have several advantages over mammalian models. For instance, the experimental cost of using zebrafish is comparatively low; the embryos are transparent, develop externally, and have high fecundity making them suitable for large-scale genetic screening. More recently, zebrafish embryos have been used for the screening of a variety of toxic agents, particularly for cardiotoxicity testing. Zebrafish has been shown to exhibit physiological responses that are similar to mammals after exposure to medicinal drugs including xenobiotics, hormones, cancer drugs, and also environmental pollutants, including pesticides and heavy metals. In this review, we provided a summary for recent studies that have used zebrafish to investigate the molecular mechanisms of drug-induced cardiotoxicity. More specifically, we focused on the techniques that were exploited by us and others for cardiovascular toxicity assessment and described several microscopic imaging and analysis protocols that are being used for the estimation of a variety of cardiac hemodynamic parameters.
Collapse
|
21
|
Grassini DR, Lagendijk AK, De Angelis JE, Da Silva J, Jeanes A, Zettler N, Bower NI, Hogan BM, Smith KA. Nppa and Nppb act redundantly during zebrafish cardiac development to confine AVC marker expression and reduce cardiac jelly volume. Development 2018; 145:dev.160739. [PMID: 29752386 DOI: 10.1242/dev.160739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide (nppa/anf) and brain natriuretic peptide (nppb/bnp) form a gene cluster with expression in the chambers of the developing heart. Despite restricted expression, a function in cardiac development has not been demonstrated by mutant analysis. This is attributed to functional redundancy; however, their genomic location in cis has impeded formal analysis. Using genome editing, we have generated mutants for nppa and nppb, and found that single mutants were indistinguishable from wild type, whereas nppa/nppb double mutants displayed heart morphogenesis defects and pericardial oedema. Analysis of atrioventricular canal (AVC) markers show expansion of bmp4, tbx2b, has2 and versican expression into the atrium of double mutants. This expanded expression correlates with increased extracellular matrix in the atrium. Using a biosensor for hyaluronic acid to measure the cardiac jelly (cardiac extracellular matrix), we confirmed cardiac jelly expansion in nppa/nppb double mutants. Finally, bmp4 knockdown rescued the expansion of has2 expression and cardiac jelly in double mutants. This definitively shows that nppa and nppb function redundantly during cardiac development to restrict gene expression to the AVC, preventing excessive cardiac jelly synthesis in the atrial chamber.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela R Grassini
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Anne K Lagendijk
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jessica E De Angelis
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jason Da Silva
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Angela Jeanes
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Nicole Zettler
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Neil I Bower
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Benjamin M Hogan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Kelly A Smith
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cypher AD, Fetterman B, Bagatto B. Vascular parameters continue to decrease post-exposure with simultaneous, but not individual exposure to BPA and hypoxia in zebrafish larvae. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 206-207:11-16. [PMID: 29454160 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
How fish respond to hypoxia, a common stressor, can be altered by simultaneous exposure to pollutants like bisphenol A (BPA), a plasticizer. BPA is cardiotoxic and interferes with the hypoxia inducible factor pathway (HIF-1α), therefore disrupting the hypoxic response. Co-exposure to hypoxia and BPA also causes severe bradycardia and reduced cardiac output in zebrafish larvae. The purpose of this work was to determine how the cardiovascular effects of co-exposure vary with BPA concentration and persist beyond exposure. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 100 μg/L of BPA during normoxia (>6.0 mg/L O2) and hypoxia (2.0 ± 0.5 mg/L O2) between 1 h post fertilization (hpf) and late hatching (72-96 hpf). Heart rate, cardiac output, and red blood cell (RBC) velocity were determined through video microscopy and digital motion analysis at late hatching and 10 days post fertilization (dpf), several days post exposure. In comparison to the hypoxic control, RBC velocity was 25% lower with 0.01 μg/L BPA and hypoxia at late hatching. At 10 dpf, the difference in RBC velocity between these treatments doubled, despite several days of recovery. This coincided with a 24% thinner outer diameter for caudal vein but no effect on cardiac or developmental parameters. Statistical interactions between BPA and oxygen concentration were found for arterial RBC velocity at both ages. Because the co-occurrence of both stressors is extremely common, it would be beneficial to understand how BPA and hypoxia interact to affect cardiovascular function during and after exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brian Bagatto
- The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hemodynamic Studies for Analyzing the Teratogenic Effects of Drugs in the Zebrafish Embryo. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1797:487-495. [PMID: 29896711 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7883-0_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Investigations of teratogenic effects of drugs generally involve testing the drug on animals and zebrafish embryo is a commonly used animal model for that purpose. In these studies, cardiovascular function of the animals needs to be evaluated to reveal the influence of exposure on the development of the cardiovascular system as well as on the growth of the whole animal. Here, relevant microscopy imaging and analysis protocols are described to calculate a variety of hemodynamic parameters for zebrafish embryos exposed to clinical drugs.
Collapse
|
24
|
Chen T, Huang Y. Label-Free Transient Absorption Microscopy for Red Blood Cell Flow Velocity Measurement in Vivo. Anal Chem 2017; 89:10120-10123. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Biodynamic
Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), and College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yanyi Huang
- Biodynamic
Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), and College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing
Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Peking-Tsinghua Center
for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cypher AD, Consiglio J, Bagatto B. Hypoxia exacerbates the cardiotoxic effect of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, phenanthrene in Danio rerio. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 183:574-581. [PMID: 28570901 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Deepwater Horizon oil spill of 2010 released a mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) into the Gulf of Mexico presenting a complex exposure regime for native species. Concurrently, the Gulf has experienced an increase in hypoxic events due to agricultural runoff from the Mississippi River outflow. This combination presents a unique physiological challenge to native species and a challenge for researchers. The purpose of this study was to determine how the cardiotoxic PAH, phenanthrene interacts with hypoxia to affect the cardiovascular system of larval zebrafish (Danio rerio). We exposed zebrafish larvae to 0, 1, 100, and 1000 μg/L of phenanthrene in combination with normoxia and hypoxia. At late hatching, video of hearts and vessels were used to measure heart rate (ƒH), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (Q), red blood cell velocity, and caudal vessel diameter. We found that the highest concentration of phenanthrene caused a 58, 80, and 84% decrease in ƒH, Q, and arterial red blood cell velocity in normoxia and an 88, 98, and 99% decrease in hypoxia, respectively. Co-exposed larvae also experienced higher rates of edema and lordosis in addition to a 33% increase in mortality rate with co-exposure to hypoxia at the 1000 μg/L concentration of phenanthrene. At 12 dpf, baseline swimming behavior was similar between treatments indicating partial recovery from embryonic exposure. This study shows that phenanthrene decreases cardiac parameters, most significantly heart rate and that this effect is exacerbated by simultaneous exposure to hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alysha D Cypher
- Department of Biology, Integrated Bioscience, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA.
| | - Joanna Consiglio
- Department of Biology, Integrated Bioscience, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Brian Bagatto
- Department of Biology, Integrated Bioscience, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Perrichon P, Grosell M, Burggren WW. Heart Performance Determination by Visualization in Larval Fishes: Influence of Alternative Models for Heart Shape and Volume. Front Physiol 2017; 8:464. [PMID: 28725199 PMCID: PMC5495860 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding cardiac function in developing larval fishes is crucial for assessing their physiological condition and overall health. Cardiac output measurements in transparent fish larvae and other vertebrates have long been made by analyzing videos of the beating heart, and modeling this structure using a conventional simple prolate spheroid shape model. However, the larval fish heart changes shape during early development and subsequent maturation, but no consideration has been made of the effect of different heart geometries on cardiac output estimation. The present study assessed the validity of three different heart models (the "standard" prolate spheroid model as well as a cylinder and cone tip + cylinder model) applied to digital images of complete cardiac cycles in larval mahi-mahi and red drum. The inherent error of each model was determined to allow for more precise calculation of stroke volume and cardiac output. The conventional prolate spheroid and cone tip + cylinder models yielded significantly different stroke volume values at 56 hpf in red drum and from 56 to 104 hpf in mahi. End-diastolic and stroke volumes modeled by just a simple cylinder shape were 30-50% higher compared to the conventional prolate spheroid. However, when these values of stroke volume multiplied by heart rate to calculate cardiac output, no significant differences between models emerged because of considerable variability in heart rate. Essentially, the conventional prolate spheroid shape model provides the simplest measurement with lowest variability of stroke volume and cardiac output. However, assessment of heart function-especially if stroke volume is the focus of the study-should consider larval heart shape, with different models being applied on a species-by-species and developmental stage-by-stage basis for best estimation of cardiac output.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prescilla Perrichon
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Cluster, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North TexasDenton, TX, United States
| | - Martin Grosell
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of MiamiMiami, FL, United States
| | - Warren W. Burggren
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Cluster, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North TexasDenton, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Perrichon P, Pasparakis C, Mager EM, Stieglitz JD, Benetti DD, Grosell M, Burggren WW. Morphology and cardiac physiology are differentially affected by temperature in developing larvae of the marine fish mahi-mahi ( Coryphaena hippurus). Biol Open 2017; 6:800-809. [PMID: 28432103 PMCID: PMC5483030 DOI: 10.1242/bio.025692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular performance is altered by temperature in larval fishes, but how acute versus chronic temperature exposures independently affect cardiac morphology and physiology in the growing larva is poorly understood. Consequently, we investigated the influence of water temperature on cardiac plasticity in developing mahi-mahi. Morphological (e.g. standard length, heart angle) and physiological cardiac variables (e.g. heart rate fH, stroke volume, cardiac output) were recorded under two conditions by imaging: (i) under acute temperature exposure where embryos were reared at 25°C up to 128 h post-fertilization (hpf) and then acutely exposed to 25 (rearing temperature), 27 and 30°C; and (ii) at two rearing (chronic) temperatures of 26 and 30°C and performed at 32 and 56 hpf. Chronic elevated temperature improved developmental time in mahi-mahi. Heart rates were 1.2–1.4-fold higher under exposure of elevated acute temperatures across development (Q10≥2.0). Q10 for heart rate in acute exposure was 1.8-fold higher compared to chronic exposure at 56 hpf. At same stage, stroke volume was temperature independent (Q10∼1.0). However, larvae displayed higher stroke volume later in stage. Cardiac output in developing mahi-mahi is mainly dictated by chronotropic rather than inotropic modulation, is differentially affected by temperature during development and is not linked to metabolic changes. Summary: Acute and chronic temperature exposures affect differentially heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output in mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) during early development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prescilla Perrichon
- University of North Texas, Department of Biological Sciences, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Christina Pasparakis
- Division of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, FL 33149, USA
| | - Edward M Mager
- University of North Texas, Department of Biological Sciences, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - John D Stieglitz
- Division of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, FL 33149, USA
| | - Daniel D Benetti
- Division of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, FL 33149, USA
| | - Martin Grosell
- Division of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, FL 33149, USA
| | - Warren W Burggren
- University of North Texas, Department of Biological Sciences, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Endoglin controls blood vessel diameter through endothelial cell shape changes in response to haemodynamic cues. Nat Cell Biol 2017; 19:653-665. [PMID: 28530658 PMCID: PMC5455977 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The hierarchical organization of properly sized blood vessels ensures the correct distribution of blood to all organs of the body, and is controlled via haemodynamic cues. In current concepts, an endothelium-dependent shear stress set point causes blood vessel enlargement in response to higher flow rates, while lower flow would lead to blood vessel narrowing, thereby establishing homeostasis. We show that during zebrafish embryonic development increases in flow, after an initial expansion of blood vessel diameters, eventually lead to vessel contraction. This is mediated via endothelial cell shape changes. We identify the transforming growth factor beta co-receptor endoglin as an important player in this process. Endoglin mutant cells and blood vessels continue to enlarge in response to flow increases, thus exacerbating pre-existing embryonic arterial-venous shunts. Together, our data suggest that cell shape changes in response to biophysical cues act as an underlying principle allowing for the ordered patterning of tubular organs.
Collapse
|
29
|
Yalcin HC, Amindari A, Butcher JT, Althani A, Yacoub M. Heart function and hemodynamic analysis for zebrafish embryos. Dev Dyn 2017; 246:868-880. [PMID: 28249360 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Zebrafish has emerged to become a powerful vertebrate animal model for cardiovascular research in recent years. Its advantages include easy genetic manipulation, transparency, small size, low cost, and the ability to survive without active circulation at early stages of development. Sequencing the whole genome and identifying ortholog genes with human genome made it possible to induce clinically relevant cardiovascular defects via genetic approaches. Heart function and disturbed hemodynamics need to be assessed in a reliable manner for these disease models in order to reveal the mechanobiology of induced defects. This effort requires precise determination of blood flow patterns as well as hemodynamic stress (i.e., wall shear stress and pressure) levels within the developing heart. While traditional approach involves time-lapse brightfield microscopy to track cell and tissue movements, in more recent studies fast light-sheet fluorescent microscopes are utilized for that purpose. Integration of more complicated techniques like particle image velocimetry and computational fluid dynamics modeling for hemodynamic analysis holds a great promise to the advancement of the Zebrafish studies. Here, we discuss the latest developments in heart function and hemodynamic analysis for Zebrafish embryos and conclude with our future perspective on dynamic analysis of the Zebrafish cardiovascular system. Developmental Dynamics 246:868-880, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Armin Amindari
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jonathan T Butcher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Asma Althani
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Magdi Yacoub
- Imperial College, NHLI, Heart Science Centre, Harefield, Middlesex, UB9 6JH, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Khursigara AJ, Perrichon P, Martinez Bautista N, Burggren WW, Esbaugh AJ. Cardiac function and survival are affected by crude oil in larval red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 579:797-804. [PMID: 27865530 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Following exposure to weathered and non-weathered oil, lethal and sub-lethal impacts on red drum larvae were assessed using survival, morphological, and cardiotoxicity assays. The LC50 for red drum ranged from 14.6 (10.3-20.9) to 21.3 (19.1-23.8) μgl-1 ΣPAH with no effect of exposure timing during the pre-hatch window or oil weathering. Similarly, morphological deformities showed dose responses in the low ppb range. Cardiac output showed similar sensitivity resulting in a major 70% reduction after exposure to 2.6μgl-1 ΣPAH. This cardiac failure was driven by reduced stroke volume rather than bradycardia, meaning that in some species, cardiac function is more sensitive than previously thought. After the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, much of this type of work has primarily focused on pelagic species with little known about fast developing estuarine species. These results demonstrate similarity sensitivity of the red drum as their pelagic counter parts, and more importantly, that cardiac function is dramatically reduced in concert with pericardial edema.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis J Khursigara
- University of Texas at Austin, Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA.
| | - Prescilla Perrichon
- University of North Texas, Department of Biological Sciences, 1155 Union Cir, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Naim Martinez Bautista
- University of North Texas, Department of Biological Sciences, 1155 Union Cir, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Warren W Burggren
- University of North Texas, Department of Biological Sciences, 1155 Union Cir, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Andrew J Esbaugh
- University of Texas at Austin, Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Burggren WW, Dubansky B, Bautista NM. Cardiovascular Development in Embryonic and Larval Fishes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.fp.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
32
|
Stratman AN, Pezoa SA, Farrelly OM, Castranova D, Dye LE, Butler MG, Sidik H, Talbot WS, Weinstein BM. Interactions between mural cells and endothelial cells stabilize the developing zebrafish dorsal aorta. Development 2016; 144:115-127. [PMID: 27913637 DOI: 10.1242/dev.143131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mural cells (vascular smooth muscle cells and pericytes) play an essential role in the development of the vasculature, promoting vascular quiescence and long-term vessel stabilization through their interactions with endothelial cells. However, the mechanistic details of how mural cells stabilize vessels are not fully understood. We have examined the emergence and functional role of mural cells investing the dorsal aorta during early development using the zebrafish. Consistent with previous literature, our data suggest that cells ensheathing the dorsal aorta emerge from a sub-population of cells in the adjacent sclerotome. Inhibition of mural cell recruitment to the dorsal aorta through disruption of pdgfr signaling leads to a reduced vascular basement membrane, which in turn results in enhanced dorsal aorta vessel elasticity and failure to restrict aortic diameter. Our results provide direct in vivo evidence for a functional role for mural cells in patterning and stabilization of the early vasculature through production and maintenance of the vascular basement membrane to prevent abnormal aortic expansion and elasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amber N Stratman
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sofia A Pezoa
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Olivia M Farrelly
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel Castranova
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Louis E Dye
- Microscopy & Imaging Core, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Matthew G Butler
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Harwin Sidik
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - William S Talbot
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Brant M Weinstein
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Cypher AD, Ickes JR, Bagatto B. Bisphenol A alters the cardiovascular response to hypoxia in Danio rerio embryos. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 174-175:39-45. [PMID: 26117065 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine if the cardiovascular response to hypoxia was altered by the presence of bisphenol A (BPA) in Danio rerio embryos. It was expected that BPA exposure would affect cardiovascular parameters during hypoxia more than normoxia due to an interaction between BPA and the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α) pathway. We demonstrate that BPA exposure has a minimal effect during normoxia but can severely affect the cardiovascular system during a hypoxic event. Cardiovascular response was measured in vivo using video microscopy and digital motion analysis. RBC density increased 35% in hypoxia alone but decreased 48% with addition of 0.25mg/L BPA. Tissue vascularization (% coverage) was unaffected by hypoxia alone but decreased 37% with addition of 0.25mg/L BPA. The diameter and RBC velocity of arteries were more sensitive than veins to BPA exposure during both normoxia and hypoxia. Arterial RBC velocity decreased 42% during normoxia and 52% during hypoxia with 1mg/L BPA. This decrease in velocity may in part be due to the 86% decrease in heart rate (ƒH) observed during co-exposure to hypoxia and 5mg/L BPA. While stroke volume (SV) was unaffected by treatment, cardiac output (Q) decreased by 69% with co-exposure. ƒH and Q were not affected by BPA exposure during normoxia. Development ultimately slowed by 146% and mortality rates were 95% during hypoxia when exposed to 5mg/L BPA. Our results show for the first time that BPA exposure alters the cardiovascular system during hypoxia more so than normoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alysha D Cypher
- Department of Biology, Program in Integrated Bioscience, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA.
| | - Jessica R Ickes
- Department of Biology, Program in Integrated Bioscience, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Brian Bagatto
- Department of Biology, Program in Integrated Bioscience, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Matrone G, Wilson KS, Mullins JJ, Tucker CS, Denvir MA. Temporal cohesion of the structural, functional and molecular characteristics of the developing zebrafish heart. Differentiation 2015; 89:117-27. [PMID: 26095446 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Heart formation is a complex, dynamic and highly coordinated process of molecular, morphogenetic and functional factors with each interacting and contributing to formation of the mature organ. Cardiac abnormalities in early life can be lethal in mammals but not in the zebrafish embryo which has been widely used to study the developing heart. While early cardiac development in the zebrafish has been well characterized, functional changes during development and how these relate to architectural, cellular and molecular aspects of development have not been well described previously. To address this we have carefully characterised cardiac structure, function, cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac-specific gene expression between 48 and 120 hpf in the zebrafish. We show that the zebrafish heart increases in volume and changes shape significantly between 48 and 72 hpf accompanied by a 40% increase in cardiomyocyte number. Between 96 and 120 hpf, while external heart expansion slows, there is rapid formation of a mature and extensive trabecular network within the ventricle chamber. While ejection fraction does not change during the course of development other determinants of contractile function increase significantly particularly between 72 and 96 hpf leading to an increase in cardinal vein blood flow. This study has revealed a number of novel aspects of cardiac developmental dynamics with striking temporal orchestration of structure and function within the first few days of development. These changes are associated with changes in expression of developmental and maturational genes. This study provides important insights into the complex temporal relationship between structure and function of the developing zebrafish heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Matrone
- University of Edinburgh/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Kathryn S Wilson
- University of Edinburgh/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - John J Mullins
- University of Edinburgh/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Carl S Tucker
- University of Edinburgh/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Martin A Denvir
- University of Edinburgh/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Johnson B, Bark D, Van Herck I, Garrity D, Dasi LP. Altered mechanical state in the embryonic heart results in time-dependent decreases in cardiac function. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2015; 14:1379-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s10237-015-0681-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
36
|
Burggren W, Dubansky B, Roberts A, Alloy M. Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill as a Case Study for Interdisciplinary Cooperation within Developmental Biology, Environmental Sciences and Physiology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/wjet.2015.34c002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
37
|
Johnson BM, Garrity DM, Dasi LP. Quantifying function in the early embryonic heart. J Biomech Eng 2014; 135:041006. [PMID: 24231901 DOI: 10.1115/1.4023701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart defects arise during the early stages of development, and studies have linked abnormal blood flow and irregular cardiac function to improper cardiac morphogenesis. The embryonic zebrafish offers superb optical access for live imaging of heart development. Here, we build upon previously used techniques to develop a methodology for quantifying cardiac function in the embryonic zebrafish model. Imaging was performed using bright field microscopy at 1500 frames/s at 0.76 μm/pixel. Heart function was manipulated in a wild-type zebrafish at ∼55 h post fertilization (hpf). Blood velocity and luminal diameter were measured at the atrial inlet and atrioventricular junction (AVJ) by analyzing spatiotemporal plots. Control volume analysis was used to estimate the flow rate waveform, retrograde fractions, stroke volume, and cardiac output. The diameter and flow waveforms at the inlet and AVJ are highly repeatable between heart beats. We have developed a methodology for quantifying overall heart function, which can be applied to early stages of zebrafish development.
Collapse
|
38
|
Ho DH. Transgenerational epigenetics: the role of maternal effects in cardiovascular development. Integr Comp Biol 2014; 54:43-51. [PMID: 24813463 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icu031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Transgenerational epigenetics, the study of non-genetic transfer of information from one generation to the next, has gained much attention in the past few decades due to the fact that, in many instances, epigenetic processes outweigh direct genetic processes in the manifestation of aberrant phenotypes across several generations. Maternal effects, or the influences of maternal environment, phenotype, and/or genotype on offsprings' phenotypes, independently of the offsprings' genotypes, are a subcategory of transgenerational epigenetics. Due to the intimate role of the mother during early development in animals, there is much interest in investigating the means by which maternal effects can shape the individual. Maternal effects are responsible for cellular organization, determination of the body axis, initiation and maturation of organ systems, and physiological performance of a wide variety of species and biological systems. The cardiovascular system is the first to become functional and can significantly influence the development of other organ systems. Thus, it is important to elucidate the role of maternal effects in cardiovascular development, and to understand its impact on adult cardiovascular health. Topics to be addressed include: (1) how and when do maternal effects change the developmental trajectory of the cardiovascular system to permanently alter the adult's cardiovascular phenotype, (2) what molecular mechanisms have been associated with maternally induced cardiovascular phenotypes, and (3) what are the evolutionary implications of maternally mediated changes in cardiovascular phenotype?
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dao H Ho
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Birmingham, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Burggren WW, Christoffels VM, Crossley DA, Enok S, Farrell AP, Hedrick MS, Hicks JW, Jensen B, Moorman AFM, Mueller CA, Skovgaard N, Taylor EW, Wang T. Comparative cardiovascular physiology: future trends, opportunities and challenges. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2014; 210:257-76. [PMID: 24119052 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The inaugural Kjell Johansen Lecture in the Zoophysiology Department of Aarhus University (Aarhus, Denmark) afforded the opportunity for a focused workshop comprising comparative cardiovascular physiologists to ponder some of the key unanswered questions in the field. Discussions were centred around three themes. The first considered function of the vertebrate heart in its various forms in extant vertebrates, with particular focus on the role of intracardiac shunts, the trabecular ('spongy') nature of the ventricle in many vertebrates, coronary blood supply and the building plan of the heart as revealed by molecular approaches. The second theme involved the key unanswered questions in the control of the cardiovascular system, emphasizing autonomic control, hypoxic vasoconstriction and developmental plasticity in cardiovascular control. The final theme involved poorly understood aspects of the interaction of the cardiovascular system with the lymphatic, renal and digestive systems. Having posed key questions around these three themes, it is increasingly clear that an abundance of new analytical tools and approaches will allow us to learn much about vertebrate cardiovascular systems in the coming years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W. W. Burggren
- Developmental Integrative Biology Cluster; Department of Biological Sciences; University of North Texas; Denton TX USA
| | - V. M. Christoffels
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology & Physiology; Academic Medical Centre; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - D. A. Crossley
- Developmental Integrative Biology Cluster; Department of Biological Sciences; University of North Texas; Denton TX USA
| | - S. Enok
- Zoophysiology; Department of Bioscience; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| | - A. P. Farrell
- Department of Zoology and Faculty of Land and Food Systems; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - M. S. Hedrick
- Developmental Integrative Biology Cluster; Department of Biological Sciences; University of North Texas; Denton TX USA
| | - J. W. Hicks
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of California; Irvine CA USA
| | - B. Jensen
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology & Physiology; Academic Medical Centre; Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Zoophysiology; Department of Bioscience; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| | - A. F. M. Moorman
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology & Physiology; Academic Medical Centre; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - C. A. Mueller
- Developmental Integrative Biology Cluster; Department of Biological Sciences; University of North Texas; Denton TX USA
| | - N. Skovgaard
- Zoophysiology; Department of Bioscience; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| | - E. W. Taylor
- School of Biosciences; University of Birmingham; Birmingham UK
| | - T. Wang
- Zoophysiology; Department of Bioscience; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Dalman MR, Liu Q, King MD, Bagatto B, Londraville RL. Leptin expression affects metabolic rate in zebrafish embryos (D. rerio). Front Physiol 2013; 4:160. [PMID: 23847542 PMCID: PMC3696835 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We used antisense morpholino oligonucleotide technology to knockdown leptin-(A) gene expression in developing zebrafish embryos and measured its effects on metabolic rate and cardiovascular function. Using two indicators of metabolic rate, oxygen consumption was significantly lower in leptin morphants early in development [<48 hours post-fertilization (hpf)], while acid production was significantly lower in morphants later in development (>48 hpf). Oxygen utilization rates in <48 hpf embryos and acid production in 72 hpf embryos could be rescued to that of wildtype embryos by recombinant leptin coinjected with antisense morpholino. Leptin is established to influence metabolic rate in mammals, and these data suggest leptin signaling also influences metabolic rate in fishes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Dalman
- Integrated Bioscience Program, Department of Biology, University of Akron Akron, OH, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Mishra S, Guan J, Plovie E, Seldin DC, Connors LH, Merlini G, Falk RH, MacRae CA, Liao R. Human amyloidogenic light chain proteins result in cardiac dysfunction, cell death, and early mortality in zebrafish. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 305:H95-103. [PMID: 23624626 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00186.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Systemic amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis is associated with rapidly progressive and fatal cardiomyopathy resulting from the direct cardiotoxic effects of circulating AL light chain (AL-LC) proteins and the indirect effects of AL fibril tissue infiltration. Cardiac amyloidosis is resistant to standard heart failure therapies, and, to date, there are limited treatment options for these patients. The mechanisms underlying the development of cardiac amyloidosis and AL-LC cardiotoxicity are largely unknown, and their study has been limited by the lack of a suitable in vivo model system. Here, we establish an in vivo zebrafish model of human AL-LC-induced cardiotoxicity. AL-LC isolated from AL cardiomyopathy patients or control nonamyloidogenic LC protein isolated from multiple myeloma patients (Con-LC) was directly injected into the circulation of zebrafish at 48 h postfertilization. AL-LC injection resulted in impaired cardiac function, pericardial edema, and increased cell death relative to Con-LC, culminating in compromised survival with 100% mortality within 2 wk, independent of AL fibril deposition. Prior work has implicated noncanonical p38 MAPK activation in the pathogenesis of AL-LC-induced cardiotoxicity, and p38 MAPK inhibition via SB-203580 rescued AL-LC-induced cardiac dysfunction and cell death and attenuated mortality in zebrafish. This in vivo zebrafish model of AL-LC cardiotoxicity demonstrates that antagonism of p38 MAPK within the AL-LC cardiotoxic signaling response may serve to improve cardiac function and mortality in AL cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, this in vivo model system will allow for further study of the molecular underpinnings of AL cardiotoxicity and identification of novel therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Mishra
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kannan RR, Vincent SGP. Cynodon dactylon and Sida acuta extracts impact on the function of the cardiovascular system in zebrafish embryos. J Biomed Res 2013; 26:90-7. [PMID: 23554736 PMCID: PMC3597324 DOI: 10.1016/s1674-8301(12)60017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Revised: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to screen cardioactive herbs from Western Ghats of India. The heart beat rate (HBR) and blood flow during systole and diastole were tested in zebrafish embryos. We found that Cynodon dactylon (C. dactylon) induced increases in the HBR in zebrafish embryos with a HBR of (3.968±0.344) beats/s, which was significantly higher than that caused by betamethosone [(3.770±0.344) beats/s]. The EC50 value of C. dactylon was 3.738 µg/mL. The methanolic extract of Sida acuta (S. acuta) led to decreases in the HBR in zebrafish embryos [(1.877±0.079) beats/s], which was greater than that caused by nebivolol (positive control). The EC50 value of Sida acuta was 1.195 µg/mL. The untreated embryos had a HBR of (2.685±0.160) beats/s at 3 d post fertilization (dpf). The velocities of blood flow during the cardiac cycle were (2,291.667±72.169) µm/s for the control, (4,250±125.000) µm/s for C. dactylon and (1,083.333±72.169) µm/s for S. acuta. The LC50 values were 32.6 µg/mL for C. dactylon and 20.9 µg/mL for S. acuta. In addition, the extracts exhibited no chemical genetic effects in the drug dosage range tested. In conclusion, we developed an assay that can measure changes in cardiac function in response to herbal small molecules and determine the cardiogenic effects by microvideography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajaretinam Rajesh Kannan
- International Center for Nanobiotechnology (ICN), Center for Marine Science and Technology (CMST), Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Rajakkamangalam, Kanyakumari Dist, Tamil Nadu 629502, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Burggren WW. Cardiovascular Development and Angiogenesis in the Early Vertebrate Embryo. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2013; 4:234-245. [DOI: 10.1007/s13239-013-0118-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
44
|
Watkins SC, Maniar S, Mosher M, Roman BL, Tsang M, St Croix CM. High resolution imaging of vascular function in zebrafish. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44018. [PMID: 22952858 PMCID: PMC3431338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale The role of the endothelium in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease is an emerging field of study, necessitating the development of appropriate model systems and methodologies to investigate the multifaceted nature of endothelial dysfunction including disturbed barrier function and impaired vascular reactivity. Objective We aimed to develop and test an optimized high-speed imaging platform to obtain quantitative real-time measures of blood flow, vessel diameter and endothelial barrier function in order to assess vascular function in live vertebrate models. Methods and Results We used a combination of cutting-edge optical imaging techniques, including high-speed, camera-based imaging (up to 1000 frames/second), and 3D confocal methods to collect real time metrics of vascular performance and assess the dynamic response to the thromboxane A2 (TXA2) analogue, U-46619 (1 µM), in transgenic zebrafish larvae. Data obtained in 3 and 5 day post-fertilization larvae show that these methods are capable of imaging blood flow in a large (1 mm) segment of the vessel of interest over many cardiac cycles, with sufficient speed and sensitivity such that the trajectories of individual erythrocytes can be resolved in real time. Further, we are able to map changes in the three dimensional sizes of vessels and assess barrier function by visualizing the continuity of the endothelial layer combined with measurements of extravasation of fluorescent microspheres. Conclusions We propose that this system-based microscopic approach can be used to combine measures of physiologic function with molecular behavior in zebrafish models of human vascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon C. Watkins
- Department of Cell Biology, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Salony Maniar
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mackenzie Mosher
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Beth L. Roman
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael Tsang
- Department of Developmental Biology, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Claudette M. St Croix
- Department of Cell Biology, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Shin JT, Pomerantsev EV, Mably JD, MacRae CA. High-resolution cardiovascular function confirms functional orthology of myocardial contractility pathways in zebrafish. Physiol Genomics 2010; 42:300-9. [PMID: 20388839 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00206.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotype-driven screens in larval zebrafish have transformed our understanding of the molecular basis of cardiovascular development. Screens to define the genetic determinants of physiological phenotypes have been slow to materialize as a result of the limited number of validated in vivo assays with relevant dynamic range. To enable rigorous assessment of cardiovascular physiology in living zebrafish embryos, we developed a suite of software tools for the analysis of high-speed video microscopic images and validated these, using established cardiomyopathy models in zebrafish as well as modulation of the nitric oxide (NO) pathway. Quantitative analysis in wild-type fish exposed to NO or in a zebrafish model of dilated cardiomyopathy demonstrated that these tools detect significant differences in ventricular chamber size, ventricular performance, and aortic flow velocity in zebrafish embryos across a large dynamic range. These methods also were able to establish the effects of the classic pharmacological agents isoproterenol, ouabain, and verapamil on cardiovascular physiology in zebrafish embryos. Sequence conservation between zebrafish and mammals of key amino acids in the pharmacological targets of these agents correlated with the functional orthology of the physiological response. These data provide evidence that the quantitative evaluation of subtle physiological differences in zebrafish can be accomplished at a resolution and with a dynamic range comparable to those achieved in mammals and provides a mechanism for genetic and small-molecule dissection of functional pathways in this model organism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan T Shin
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cardiovascular Research Center, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Rana N, Moond M, Marthi A, Bapatla S, Sarvepalli T, Chatti K, Challa AK. Caffeine-Induced Effects on Heart Rate in Zebrafish Embryos and Possible Mechanisms of Action: An Effective System for Experiments in Chemical Biology. Zebrafish 2010; 7:69-81. [DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2009.0631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Rana
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India
- Indian Academy of Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Mamta Moond
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India
- Indian Academy of Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Amarnath Marthi
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Swetha Bapatla
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Kiranam Chatti
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India
| | - Anil Kumar Challa
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Crossley DA, Burggren WW. Development of cardiac form and function in ectothermic sauropsids. J Morphol 2009; 270:1400-12. [PMID: 19551708 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Evolutionary morphologists and physiologists have long recognized the phylogenetic significance of the ectothermic sauropsids. Sauropids have been classically considered to bridge between early tetrapods, ectotherms, and the evolution of endotherms. This transition has been associated with many modifications in cardiovascular form and function, which have changed dramatically during the course of vertebrate evolution. Most cardiovascular studies have focused upon adults, leaving the development of this critical system largely unexplored. In this essay, we attempt a synthesis of sauropsid cardiovascular development based on the limited literature and indicate fertile regions for future studies. Early morphological cardiovascular development, i.e., the basic formation of the tube heart and the major pulmonary and systemic vessels, is similar across tetrapods. Subsequent cardiac chamber development, however, varies considerably between developing chelonians, squamates, crocodilians, and birds, reflected in the diversity of adult ventricular structure across these taxa. The details of how these differences in morphology develop, including the molecular regulation of cardiac and vascular growth and differentiation, are still poorly understood. In terms of the functional maturation of the cardiovascular system, reflected in physiological mechanisms for regulating heart rate and cardiac output, recent work has illustrated that changes during ontogeny in parameters such as heart rate and arterial blood pressure are somewhat species-dependent. However, there are commonalities, such as a beta-adrenergic receptor tone on the embryonic heart appearing prior to 60% of development. Differential gross morphological responses to environmental stressors (oxygen, hydration, temperature) have been investigated interspecifically, revealing that cardiac development is relatively plastic, especially, with respect to change in heart growth. Collectively, the data assembled here reflects the current limited morphological and physiological understanding of cardiovascular development in sauropsids and identifies key areas for future studies of this diverse vertebrate lineage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dane A Crossley
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ontogenetic development of erythropoiesis can be studied non-invasively in GATA-1:DsRed transgenic zebrafish. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2009; 154:270-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Revised: 06/26/2009] [Accepted: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
49
|
Chico TJA, Ingham PW, Crossman DC. Modeling cardiovascular disease in the zebrafish. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2008; 18:150-5. [PMID: 18555188 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2008.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2008] [Revised: 04/09/2008] [Accepted: 04/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish possesses a host of advantages that have established it as an excellent model of vertebrate development. These include ease of genetic manipulation and transgenesis, optical clarity, and small size and cost. Biomedical researchers are increasingly exploiting these advantages to model human disease mechanisms. Here we review the use of the zebrafish for cardiovascular research. We summarize previous studies with the use of this organism to model such processes as thrombosis, collateral vessel development, inflammation, cardiomyopathy, and cardiac regeneration, evaluate its promise for novel drug discovery, and consider where the zebrafish fits into the framework of existing cardiovascular models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J A Chico
- Medical Research Council Centre for Developmental and Biomedical Genetics, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN Sheffield, United Kingdom.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Acierno R, Gattuso A, Guerrieri A, Mannarino C, Amelio D, Tota B. Nitric oxide modulates the frog heart ventricle morphodynamics. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2008; 151:51-60. [PMID: 18585070 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2008] [Revised: 05/23/2008] [Accepted: 05/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate in the avascular heart of the frog Rana esculenta the influence of nitric oxide (NO) on ventricular systolic and diastolic functions by using a novel image analysis technique. The external volume variations of the whole ventricle were monitored during the heart cycle by video acquisition(visible light) and analysed by an appropriately developed software with a specific formula for irregular convex solids. The system, which measures the rate of volume changes and the ejection fraction, directly determined the volumetric behaviour of the working frog heart after stimulation or inhibition of NOS-NOcGMP pathway. End-diastolic volume (EDVext), end-systolic volume (ESVext), contraction and relaxation velocities (dV/dtsys and dV/dtdia, respectively), stroke volume (SV) and ejection fraction (EF), were measured before and after perfusion with NOS substrate (L-arginine), NO donor (SIN-1), cGMP analogue (8-Br-cGMP),NOS inhibitors (NG-monomethyl-L-arginine, L-NMMA; L-N(5)-(1-iminoethyl)-ornithine, L-NIO; 7-Nitroindazole,7-NI) and guanylyl cyclase inhibitor (ODQ). The results showed that NO reduces ventricular systolicfunction improving diastolic filling, while NOS inhibition increases contractility impairing ventricular filling capacity. The presence of activated eNOS (p-eNOS) was morphologically documented, further supporting that the mechanical activity of the ventricular pump in frog is influenced by a tonic release of NOS-generated NO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Acierno
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Lecce, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|