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Fatima A, Abuhijleh SA, Fatah A, Mohsin MM, Kar SS, Dube R, George BT, Kuruba MGB. Infantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy: Case Report and Review of Literature. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:1322. [PMID: 39202603 PMCID: PMC11356075 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60081322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder affecting 1:1,000,000 children. It results from pathogenic variants in the PLA2G6 gene located on chromosome 22q13.1. The onset of symptoms usually occurs between 6 and 18 months, causing developmental regression leading to debilitating symptoms such as muscle weakness, dementia, and loss of basic skills. Eventually, it progresses to life-threatening symptoms, including breathing difficulties, which limit the life expectancy to 5-10 years. While potential genetic therapies for treatment are being developed, they are yet to be approved for use, and management remains essentially supportive. This case report is about a nine-year-old Pakistani girl with INAD. She presented with recurrent chest infections, developmental regression, loss of speech, paralysis, hypertension, and eventually breathing difficulties. Brain magnetic resonance imaging and genetic testing confirmed the diagnosis. This case posed diagnostic challenges in view of its overlapping clinical presentation. Through this report, we aim to raise awareness about this condition among practitioners, outline the importance of genetic counseling in susceptible couples, and suggest potential areas of further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alian Fatima
- Department of Pediatrics, Saqr Hospital, Ras Al-Khaimah P.O. Box 5450, United Arab Emirates; (A.F.); (S.A.A.); (A.F.); (M.M.M.)
| | - Shahd A. Abuhijleh
- Department of Pediatrics, Saqr Hospital, Ras Al-Khaimah P.O. Box 5450, United Arab Emirates; (A.F.); (S.A.A.); (A.F.); (M.M.M.)
| | - Abdul Fatah
- Department of Pediatrics, Saqr Hospital, Ras Al-Khaimah P.O. Box 5450, United Arab Emirates; (A.F.); (S.A.A.); (A.F.); (M.M.M.)
| | - Mariam M. Mohsin
- Department of Pediatrics, Saqr Hospital, Ras Al-Khaimah P.O. Box 5450, United Arab Emirates; (A.F.); (S.A.A.); (A.F.); (M.M.M.)
| | - Subhranshu Sekhar Kar
- Department of Pediatrics, RAK College of Medical Sciences, RAKMHSU, Ras Al-Khaimah P.O. Box 11172, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rajani Dube
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, RAK College of Medical Sciences, RAKMHSU, Ras Al-Khaimah P.O. Box 11172, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Biji Thomas George
- Department of General Surgery, RAK College of Medical Sciences, RAKMHSU, Ras Al-Khaimah P.O. Box 11172, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Manjunatha Goud Bellary Kuruba
- Department of Biochemistry, RAK College of Medical Sciences, RAKMHSU, Ras Al-Khaimah P.O. Box 11172, United Arab Emirates;
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Hosseinpour S, Bemanalizadeh M, Mohammadi P, Ashrafi MR, Heidari M. An overview of early-onset cerebellar ataxia: a practical guideline. Acta Neurol Belg 2024:10.1007/s13760-024-02595-w. [PMID: 38951452 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-024-02595-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Early onset ataxias (EOAs) are a heterogeneous group of rare neurological disorders that not only involve the central and peripheral nervous system but also involve other organs. They are mainly manifested by degeneration or abnormal development of the cerebellum occurring before the age of 25 years and typically the pattern of inheritance is autosomal recessive.The diagnosis of autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias (ARCAs) is confirmed by the clinical, laboratory, electrophysiological examination, neuroimaging findings, and mutation analysis when the causative gene is detected. Correct diagnosis is crucial for appropriate genetic counseling, estimating the prognosis, and, in some cases, pharmacological intervention. The wide variety of genotypes with a heterogeneous phenotypic manifestation makes the diagnostic work-up challenging, time-consuming, and expensive, not only for the clinician but also for the children and their parents. In this review, we focused on the step-by-step approach in which cerebellar ataxia is a prominent sign. We also outline the most common disorders in ataxias with early-onset manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sareh Hosseinpour
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Vali-e-Asr Hospital, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 61, Gharib Street, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 1419733151, Iran
| | - Maryam Bemanalizadeh
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 61, Gharib Street, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 1419733151, Iran
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Pouria Mohammadi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Ashrafi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 61, Gharib Street, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 1419733151, Iran.
- Growth and Development Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Pediatric Cell and Gene Therapy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Morteza Heidari
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 61, Gharib Street, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 1419733151, Iran.
- Growth and Development Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Liu J, Tan J, Tang B, Guo J. Unveiling the role of iPLA 2β in neurodegeneration: From molecular mechanisms to advanced therapies. Pharmacol Res 2024; 202:107114. [PMID: 38395207 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Calcium-independent phospholipase A2β (iPLA2β), a member of the phospholipase A2 (PLA2s) superfamily, is encoded by the PLA2G6 gene. Mutations in the PLA2G6 gene have been identified as the primary cause of infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) and, less commonly, as a contributor to Parkinson's disease (PD). Recent studies have revealed that iPLA2β deficiency leads to neuroinflammation, iron accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, lipid dysregulation, and other pathological changes, forming a complex pathogenic network. These discoveries shed light on potential mechanisms underlying PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN) and offer valuable insights for therapeutic development. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the fundamental characteristics of iPLA2β, its association with neurodegeneration, the pathogenic mechanisms involved in PLAN, and potential targets for therapeutic intervention. It offers an overview of the latest advancements in this field, aiming to contribute to ongoing research endeavors and facilitate the development of effective therapies for PLAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jieqiong Tan
- Centre for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jifeng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Centre for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Lyu Y, Wang T, Lin M, Qi F. A rare inherited homozygous missense variant in PLA2G6 influences susceptibility to infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy: a case report. Transl Pediatr 2024; 13:484-491. [PMID: 38590380 PMCID: PMC10998992 DOI: 10.21037/tp-23-568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) is an ultra-rare early-onset autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder due to PLA2G6 variants. The clinical symptoms of INAD patients display considerable diversity, and many PLA2G6 variants are still not thoroughly investigated in relation to their associated clinical presentations. Case Description A 16-month-old boy was admitted to our hospital due to regression of acquired motor and speech abilities that had persisted for 4 months. The patient was born to a healthy consanguineous couple after 41 weeks of pregnancy and natural delivery. Before 12 months old, he had normal motor development milestones. On admission, he also showed astasia-abasia, weakness of distal muscles, and diminished patellar tendon reflex. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed cerebellar atrophy. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) indicated moderately severe hearing loss. With chromosome microarray analysis (CMA), we identified several copy number-neutral regions of runs of homozygosity (ROH) in the patient. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) further revealed that the patient harbored a homozygous missense variant NM_003560.2: c.1778C>T, p.Pro593Leu (rs1451486649) in the PLA2G6 gene. In the patient's asymptomatic parents and brother, the PLA2G6 c.1778C>T variant stayed in heterozygous status as confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The patient was finally diagnosed with INAD. Conclusions We report an INAD child with a rare PLA2G6 c.1778C>T homozygous missense variant and associated clinical symptoms. The family-based cosegregation analysis reveals that the PLA2G6 c.1778C>T homozygous variant contributes to the pathogenesis of INAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxue Lyu
- Department of Pediatric Health Care, Huzhou Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Digital Technology in Medical Diagnostics of Zhejiang Province, Dian Diagnostics Group Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Meifang Lin
- Department of Pediatric Health Care, Huzhou Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Fengfeng Qi
- Department of Pediatric Health Care, Huzhou Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, Huzhou, China
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Tanaka M, Fujikawa R, Sekiguchi T, Hernandez J, Johnson OT, Tanaka D, Kumafuji K, Serikawa T, Hoang Trung H, Hattori K, Mashimo T, Kuwamura M, Gestwicki JE, Kuramoto T. A missense mutation in the Hspa8 gene encoding heat shock cognate protein 70 causes neuroaxonal dystrophy in rats. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1263724. [PMID: 38384479 PMCID: PMC10880117 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1263724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroaxonal dystrophy (NAD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by spheroid (swollen axon) formation in the nervous system. In the present study, we focused on a newly established autosomal recessive mutant strain of F344-kk/kk rats with hind limb gait abnormalities and ataxia from a young age. Histopathologically, a number of axonal spheroids were observed throughout the central nervous system, including the spinal cord (mainly in the dorsal cord), brain stem, and cerebellum in F344-kk/kk rats. Transmission electron microscopic observation of the spinal cord revealed accumulation of electron-dense bodies, degenerated abnormal mitochondria, as well as membranous or tubular structures in the axonal spheroids. Based on these neuropathological findings, F344-kk/kk rats were diagnosed with NAD. By a positional cloning approach, we identified a missense mutation (V95E) in the Hspa8 (heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 8) gene located on chromosome 8 of the F344-kk/kk rat genome. Furthermore, we developed the Hspa8 knock-in (KI) rats with the V95E mutation using the CRISPR-Cas system. Homozygous Hspa8-KI rats exhibited ataxia and axonal spheroids similar to those of F344-kk/kk rats. The V95E mutant HSC70 protein exhibited the significant but modest decrease in the maximum hydrolysis rate of ATPase when stimulated by co-chaperons DnaJB4 and BAG1 in vitro, which suggests the functional deficit in the V95E HSC70. Together, our findings provide the first evidence that the genetic alteration of the Hspa8 gene caused NAD in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuu Tanaka
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryoko Fujikawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sekiguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jason Hernandez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Oleta T. Johnson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Daisuke Tanaka
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenta Kumafuji
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tadao Serikawa
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hieu Hoang Trung
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kosuke Hattori
- Division of Animal Genetics, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoji Mashimo
- Division of Animal Genetics, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kuwamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jason E. Gestwicki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Takashi Kuramoto
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
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6
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Yamanaka T, Matsui H. Modeling familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease in small fishes. Dev Growth Differ 2024; 66:4-20. [PMID: 37991125 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of animal models for Parkinson's disease (PD) has been challenging. Nevertheless, once established, they will serve as valuable tools for elucidating the causes and pathogenesis of PD, as well as for developing new strategies for its treatment. Following the recent discovery of a series of PD causative genes in familial cases, teleost fishes, including zebrafish and medaka, have often been used to establish genetic PD models because of their ease of breeding and gene manipulation, as well as the high conservation of gene orthologs. Some of the fish lines can recapitulate PD phenotypes, which are often more pronounced than those in rodent genetic models. In addition, a new experimental teleost fish, turquoise killifish, can be used as a sporadic PD model, because it spontaneously manifests age-dependent PD phenotypes. Several PD fish models have already made significant contributions to the discovery of novel PD pathological features, such as cytosolic leakage of mitochondrial DNA and pathogenic phosphorylation in α-synuclein. Therefore, utilizing various PD fish models with distinct degenerative phenotypes will be an effective strategy for identifying emerging facets of PD pathogenesis and therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Yamanaka
- Department of Neuroscience of Disease, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hideaki Matsui
- Department of Neuroscience of Disease, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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Launay N, Ruiz M, Planas-Serra L, Verdura E, Rodríguez-Palmero A, Schlüter A, Goicoechea L, Guilera C, Casas J, Campelo F, Jouanguy E, Casanova JL, Boespflug-Tanguy O, Vazquez Cancela M, Gutiérrez-Solana LG, Casasnovas C, Area-Gomez E, Pujol A. RINT1 deficiency disrupts lipid metabolism and underlies a complex hereditary spastic paraplegia. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e162836. [PMID: 37463447 DOI: 10.1172/jci162836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The Rad50 interacting protein 1 (Rint1) is a key player in vesicular trafficking between the ER and Golgi apparatus. Biallelic variants in RINT1 cause infantile-onset episodic acute liver failure (ALF). Here, we describe 3 individuals from 2 unrelated families with novel biallelic RINT1 loss-of-function variants who presented with early onset spastic paraplegia, ataxia, optic nerve hypoplasia, and dysmorphic features, broadening the previously described phenotype. Our functional and lipidomic analyses provided evidence that pathogenic RINT1 variants induce defective lipid-droplet biogenesis and profound lipid abnormalities in fibroblasts and plasma that impact both neutral lipid and phospholipid metabolism, including decreased triglycerides and diglycerides, phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylserine ratios, and inhibited Lands cycle. Further, RINT1 mutations induced intracellular ROS production and reduced ATP synthesis, affecting mitochondria with membrane depolarization, aberrant cristae ultrastructure, and increased fission. Altogether, our results highlighted the pivotal role of RINT1 in lipid metabolism and mitochondria function, with a profound effect in central nervous system development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Launay
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Ruiz
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Planas-Serra
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Edgard Verdura
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustí Rodríguez-Palmero
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Pediatric Neurology unit, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agatha Schlüter
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leire Goicoechea
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Guilera
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josefina Casas
- Research Unit on BioActive Molecules (RUBAM), Departament de Química Biomèdica, Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBEREHD, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades heoaticas y digestivas, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Felix Campelo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Emmanuelle Jouanguy
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
- Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Odile Boespflug-Tanguy
- CRMR Leukofrance Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Robert Debré AP-HP, Paris, France
- UMR1141 Neurodiderot Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Luis González Gutiérrez-Solana
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Consulta de Neurodegenerativas, Sección de Neurología Pediátrica, Hospital, Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Casasnovas
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Neuromuscular Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estela Area-Gomez
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Aurora Pujol
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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8
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Dehnavi AZ, Bemanalizadeh M, Kahani SM, Ashrafi MR, Rohani M, Toosi MB, Heidari M, Hosseinpour S, Amini B, Zokaei S, Rezaei Z, Aryan H, Amanat M, Vahidnezhad H, Mohammadi P, Garshasbi M, Tavasoli AR. Phenotype and genotype heterogeneity of PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration in a cohort of pediatric and adult patients. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:177. [PMID: 37403138 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02780-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phospholipase-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN) caused by mutations in the PLA2G6 gene is a rare neurodegenerative disorder that presents with four sub-groups. Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) and PLA2G6-related dystonia-parkinsonism are the main two subtypes. In this cohort, we reviewed clinical, imaging, and genetic features of 25 adult and pediatric patients harboring variants in the PLA2G6. METHODS An extensive review of the patients' data was carried out. Infantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy Rating Scale (INAD-RS) was used for evaluating the severity and progression of INAD patients. Whole-exome sequencing was used to determine the disease's underlying etiology followed by co-segregation analysis using Sanger sequencing. In silico prediction analysis based on the ACMG recommendation was used to assess the pathogenicity of genetic variants. We aimed to survey a genotype-genotype correlation in PLA2G6 considering all reported disease-causing variants in addition to our patients using the HGMD database and the chi-square statistical approach. RESULTS Eighteen cases of INAD and 7 cases of late-onset PLAN were enrolled. Among 18 patients with INAD, gross motor regression was the most common presenting symptom. Considering the INAD-RS total score, the mean rate of progression was 0.58 points per month of symptoms (Standard error 0.22, lower 95% - 1.10, and upper 95% - 0.15). Sixty percent of the maximum potential loss in the INAD-RS had occurred within 60 months of symptom onset in INAD patients. Among seven adult cases of PLAN, hypokinesia, tremor, ataxic gate, and cognitive impairment were the most frequent clinical features. Various brain imaging abnormalities were also observed in 26 imaging series of these patients with cerebellar atrophy being the most common finding in more than 50%. Twenty unique variants in 25 patients with PLAN were detected including nine novel variants. Altogether, 107 distinct disease-causing variants from 87 patient were analyzed to establish a genotype-phenotype correlation. The P value of the chi-square test did not indicate a significant relationship between age of disease onset and the distribution of reported variants on PLA2G6. CONCLUSION PLAN presents with a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms from infancy to adulthood. PLAN should be considered in adult patients with parkinsonism or cognition decline. Based on the current knowledge, it is not possible to foresee the age of disease onset based on the identified genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Zare Dehnavi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Bemanalizadeh
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mohammad Kahani
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Genetics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Ashrafi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rohani
- Skull Base Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Neurology, Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Beiraghi Toosi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Morteza Heidari
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sareh Hosseinpour
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnam Amini
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Zokaei
- Dr. Farhud's Genetic Clinic, Tehran, Iran
- School of Advanced Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Rezaei
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hajar Aryan
- Dr. Farhud's Genetic Clinic, Tehran, Iran
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Man Amanat
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hassan Vahidnezhad
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pouria Mohammadi
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Genetics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Pediatric Neurology Division, Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Ataxia Clinic, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Garshasbi
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Genetics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Reza Tavasoli
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Pediatric Neurology Division, Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Ataxia Clinic, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Bakhit Y, Tesson C, Ibrahim MO, Eltom K, Eltazi I, Elsayed LE, Lesage S, Seidi O, Corvol J, Wüllner U. PLA2G6-associated late-onset parkinsonism in a Sudanese family. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2023; 10:983-989. [PMID: 37139542 PMCID: PMC10270271 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The phospholipase A2 group VI gene (PLA2G6) encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolytic release of fatty acids from phospholipids. Four neurological disorders with infantile, juvenile, or early adult-onset are associated with PLA2G6 genetic alterations, namely infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD), atypical neuroaxonal dystrophy (ANAD), dystonia-parkinsonism (DP), and autosomal recessive early-onset parkinsonism (AREP). Few studies in Africa reported PLA2G6-associated disorders and none with parkinsonism of late adult onset. MATERIAL AND METHODS The patients were clinically assessed following UK Brain Bank diagnostic criteria and International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society's Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS). Brain MRI without contrast was performed. Genetic testing was done using a custom-made Twist panel, screening 34 known genes, 27 risk factors, and 8 candidate genes associated with parkinsonism. Filtered variants were PCR-amplified and validated using Sanger sequencing and also tested in additional family members to study their segregation. RESULT Two siblings born to consanguineous parents developed parkinsonism at the age of 58 and 60 years, respectively. MRI showed an enlarged right hippocampus in patient 2, but no overt abnormalities indicative of INAD or iron deposits. We found two heterozygous variants in PLA2G6, an in-frame deletion NM_003560:c.2070_2072del (p.Val691del) and a missense variant NM_003560:c.956C>T (p.Thr319Met). Both variants were classified as pathogenic. CONCLUSION This is the first case in which PLA2G6 is associated with late-onset parkinsonism. Functional analysis is needed to confirm the dual effect of both variants on the structure and function of iPLA2β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousuf Bakhit
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of KhartoumKhartoumSudan
- Sudan Neuroscience ProjectsUniversity of KhartoumKhartoumSudan
| | - Christelle Tesson
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Neurology, Pitié‐Salpêtrière HospitalSorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute – ICM, Inserm, CNRSParisFrance
| | - Mohamed O. Ibrahim
- Sudan Neuroscience ProjectsUniversity of KhartoumKhartoumSudan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of MedicineSudan University of Science and TechnologyKhartoumSudan
| | - Khalid Eltom
- Sudan Neuroscience ProjectsUniversity of KhartoumKhartoumSudan
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala Biomedical CenterUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Isra Eltazi
- Department of Neurology, Soba Teaching Hospital, And Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of KhartoumKhartoumSudan
| | - Liena E.O. Elsayed
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of MedicinePrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Suzanne Lesage
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Neurology, Pitié‐Salpêtrière HospitalSorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute – ICM, Inserm, CNRSParisFrance
| | - Osheik Seidi
- Department of Neurology, Soba Teaching Hospital, And Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of KhartoumKhartoumSudan
| | - Jean‐Christophe Corvol
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Neurology, Pitié‐Salpêtrière HospitalSorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute – ICM, Inserm, CNRSParisFrance
| | - Ullrich Wüllner
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)BonnGermany
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Alvarez Jerez P, Alcantud JL, de Los Reyes-Ramírez L, Moore A, Ruz C, Vives Montero F, Rodriguez-Losada N, Saini P, Gan-Or Z, Alvarado CX, Makarious MB, Billingsley KJ, Blauwendraat C, Noyce AJ, Singleton AB, Duran R, Bandres-Ciga S. Exploring the genetic and genomic connection underlying neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation and the risk for Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:54. [PMID: 37024536 PMCID: PMC10079978 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00496-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) represents a group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by abnormal iron accumulation in the brain. In Parkinson's Disease (PD), iron accumulation is a cardinal feature of degenerating regions in the brain and seems to be a key player in mechanisms that precipitate cell death. The aim of this study was to explore the genetic and genomic connection between NBIA and PD. We screened for known and rare pathogenic mutations in autosomal dominant and recessive genes linked to NBIA in a total of 4481 PD cases and 10,253 controls from the Accelerating Medicines Partnership Parkinsons' Disease Program and the UKBiobank. We examined whether a genetic burden of NBIA variants contributes to PD risk through single-gene, gene-set, and single-variant association analyses. In addition, we assessed publicly available expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) data through Summary-based Mendelian Randomization and conducted transcriptomic analyses in blood of 1886 PD cases and 1285 controls. Out of 29 previously reported NBIA screened coding variants, four were associated with PD risk at a nominal p value < 0.05. No enrichment of heterozygous variants in NBIA-related genes risk was identified in PD cases versus controls. Burden analyses did not reveal a cumulative effect of rare NBIA genetic variation on PD risk. Transcriptomic analyses suggested that DCAF17 is differentially expressed in blood from PD cases and controls. Due to low mutation occurrence in the datasets and lack of replication, our analyses suggest that NBIA and PD may be separate molecular entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Alvarez Jerez
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jose Luis Alcantud
- Institute of Neurosciences "Federico Olóriz", Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Lucia de Los Reyes-Ramírez
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology. Dept. Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anni Moore
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Clara Ruz
- Institute of Neurosciences "Federico Olóriz", Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Vives Montero
- Institute of Neurosciences "Federico Olóriz", Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Noela Rodriguez-Losada
- Department Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicine Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA C07), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Prabhjyot Saini
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ziv Gan-Or
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Chelsea X Alvarado
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mary B Makarious
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Kimberley J Billingsley
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cornelis Blauwendraat
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alastair J Noyce
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Centre for Prevention, Detection and Diagnosis, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Andrew B Singleton
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Raquel Duran
- Institute of Neurosciences "Federico Olóriz", Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Sara Bandres-Ciga
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Lin G, Tepe B, McGrane G, Tipon RC, Croft G, Panwala L, Hope A, Liang AJH, Zuo Z, Byeon SK, Wang L, Pandey A, Bellen HJ. Exploring therapeutic strategies for infantile neuronal axonal dystrophy (INAD/PARK14). eLife 2023; 12:82555. [PMID: 36645408 PMCID: PMC9889087 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) is caused by recessive variants in PLA2G6 and is a lethal pediatric neurodegenerative disorder. Loss of the Drosophila homolog of PLA2G6, leads to ceramide accumulation, lysosome expansion, and mitochondrial defects. Here, we report that retromer function, ceramide metabolism, the endolysosomal pathway, and mitochondrial morphology are affected in INAD patient-derived neurons. We show that in INAD mouse models, the same features are affected in Purkinje cells, arguing that the neuropathological mechanisms are evolutionary conserved and that these features can be used as biomarkers. We tested 20 drugs that target these pathways and found that Ambroxol, Desipramine, Azoramide, and Genistein alleviate neurodegenerative phenotypes in INAD flies and INAD patient-derived neural progenitor cells. We also develop an AAV-based gene therapy approach that delays neurodegeneration and prolongs lifespan in an INAD mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Lin
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s HospitalHoustonUnited States
| | - Burak Tepe
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s HospitalHoustonUnited States
| | - Geoff McGrane
- New York Stem Cell Foundation Research InstituteNew YorkUnited States
| | - Regine C Tipon
- New York Stem Cell Foundation Research InstituteNew YorkUnited States
| | - Gist Croft
- New York Stem Cell Foundation Research InstituteNew YorkUnited States
| | | | | | - Agnes JH Liang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s HospitalHoustonUnited States
| | - Zhongyuan Zuo
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s HospitalHoustonUnited States
| | - Seul Kee Byeon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo ClinicRochesterUnited States
| | - Lily Wang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s HospitalHoustonUnited States
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo ClinicRochesterUnited States
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, ManipalKarnatakaIndia
| | - Hugo J Bellen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s HospitalHoustonUnited States
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
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12
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Puri S, Agrawal RK, Singh A, Verma A, Mishra A, Singh A, Narayan R, Mishra OP. Spectrum of Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation with PLA2G6 Variation: A Report of Three Cases from Two Families. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1758454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractNeurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation consists of disorders characterized by progressive neuronal degeneration, cognitive decline, brain iron accumulation in extrapyramidal system, dentate nucleus, and gray and white matters boundary. We present a case series of PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN), with definite PLA2G6 gene mutations in two cases and suspected in one case. Diagnosis was based on clinical presentations, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and detection of PLA2G6 mutations. Case 1: An 8-year-old boy presented with weakness of lower limbs, subnormal intelligence, scanning speech, spasticity, dysdiadochokinesia, pendular knee jerk, and extensor plantar reflex. MRI of the brain showed diffuse cerebellar atrophy and white matter T2 hyperintensity with iron deposition in bilateral globus pallidi. Case 2: Elder sister of Case 1, who developed ataxia at the age of 6 years and became bedridden at 14 years. She had nocturnal enuresis, seizures, cervical dystonia, dysphagia, and died at 23 years of age. MRI showed cerebral and cerebellar atrophies and iron deposition in basal ganglia and substantia nigra. Case 3 had infantile onset with quadriparesis, optic atrophy, developmental delay, cerebral and cerebellar atrophies, and brain iron accumulation in basal ganglia. Case 1 revealed two heterozygous mutations of PLA2G6 gene in exons 16 (c.2264G > A, p. Arg755Gln) and 12 (c.1637G > A, p. Arg546Gln), classified as likely pathogenic. Elder sister (Case 2) could not be tested for this mutation. Case 3 showed homozygous silent splice site point variation in exon 7 (c.1077 G > A; p. Ser 359 Ser) of PLA2G6 gene. Thus, in patients presenting with neurodegeneration and imaging findings of brain iron accumulation, diagnosis can be established by PLA2G6 gene mutation analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivangi Puri
- Department of Pediatrics, Heritage Institute of Medical Sciences, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ritesh K. Agrawal
- Department of Pediatrics, Heritage Institute of Medical Sciences, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ankur Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashish Verma
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arpita Mishra
- Department of Pediatrics, Heritage Institute of Medical Sciences, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashok Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Heritage Institute of Medical Sciences, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Raghvendra Narayan
- Department of Pediatrics, Heritage Institute of Medical Sciences, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Om P. Mishra
- Department of Pediatrics, Heritage Institute of Medical Sciences, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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13
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Wan Y, Jiang Y, Xie Z, Ling C, Du K, Li R, Yuan Y, Wang Z, Sun W, Jin H. Novel PLA2G6 Pathogenic Variants in Chinese Patients With PLA2G6-Associated Neurodegeneration. Front Neurol 2022; 13:922528. [PMID: 35911906 PMCID: PMC9327523 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.922528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN) is a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative diseases caused by biallelic PLA2G6 mutations, covering diseases such as infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD), atypical neuroaxonal dystrophy (ANAD), dystonia parkinsonism (DP), and autosomal recessive early-onset parkinsonism (AREP). The study aims to report the clinical and genetic features of a series of PLAN patients. Methods The clinical and radiological findings of five Chinese patients from three families were collected. Whole-exome next generation sequencing (NGS) was applied to identify the genetic causes. Co-segregation analysis of the detected candidate variants were performed in their families. The pathogenicity of identified novel variants was predicted by in silico analysis. Results NGS revealed compound heterozygous variants of PLA2G6 gene in all five patients. There were six PLA2G6 variants identified, including two known variants (c.116G>A, c.238G>A) and four novel variants (c.2120dupA, c.2071C>G, c.967G>A, c1534T>A). ACMG predicts c.2120dupA to be pathogenic, c.2071C>G and c.1534T>A to be likely pathogenic, and c1534T>A to be of uncertain significance. Clinically, four patients fell into the diagnosis of ANAD, and 1 into the diagnosis of AREP. Brain imaging revealed cerebellar atrophy, iron deposition in bilateral globus pallidus, and substantia nigra in three cases. Conclusions Four novel pathogenic variants were discovered and the pathogenic variant spectrum of the PLA2G6 gene was expanded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Wan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiying Xie
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Ling
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Du
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Neurology, Huoguosi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Sun
| | - Haiqiang Jin
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Haiqiang Jin
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14
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Zou Y, Luo H, Yuan H, Xie K, Yang Y, Huang S, Yang B, Liu Y. Identification of a Novel Nonsense Mutation in PLA2G6 and Prenatal Diagnosis in a Chinese Family With Infantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy. Front Neurol 2022; 13:904027. [PMID: 35873758 PMCID: PMC9298276 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.904027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) is a subtype of PLA2G6-Associated Neurodegeneration (PLAN) with an age of early onset and severe clinical phenotypes of neurodegeneration. Individuals affected with INAD are characterized by rapid progressive psychomotor deterioration, neuroregression, and hypotonia followed by generalized spasticity, optic atrophy, and dementia. In this case, we aimed to identify the underlying causative genetic factors of a Chinese family with two siblings who presented with walking difficulty and inability to speak. We provided a prenatal diagnosis for the family and information for the prevention of this genetic disease. Methods Retrospective clinical information and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of the proband were collected. Trio-whole exome sequencing (WES) including the proband and his parents was performed to explore the genetic causes, while Sanger sequencing was subsequently used to validate the variants identified by Trio-WES in the pedigree. Furthermore, prenatal molecular genetic diagnosis was carried out through amniocentesis to investigate the status of pathogenic mutations in the fetus by Sanger sequencing at an appropriate gestational age. Results The two siblings were both clinically diagnosed with rapid regression in psychomotor development milestones. Brain MRI showed cerebellar atrophy and typical bilaterally symmetrical T2/FLAIR hyperintense signal changes in periventricular areas, indicating periventricular leukomalacia, and myelin sheath dysplasia. Trio-WES revealed two heterozygous variants in PlA2G6 associated with clinical manifestations in the proband: a novel maternally inherited variant c.217C>T (p.Gln73*) and a previously reported paternally inherited recurrent pathogenic variant c.1894C>T (p.Arg632Trp). These two heterozygous mutations were also detected in the younger brother who had similar clinical features as the proband. The novel variant c.217C>T was classified as “pathogenic (PVS1 + PM2 + PP3),” while the variant c.1894C>T was “pathogenic” (PS1 + PM1 + PM2 + PM3 + PP3) based on the latest American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines on sequence variants. Combining the molecular evidence and clinical phenotypes, the diagnosis of INAD was established for the two affected siblings. The two variants that were identified were considered the causative mutations for INAD in this family. Prenatal diagnosis suggested compound heterozygous mutations of c.217C>T and c.1894C>T in the fetus, indicating a high risk of INAD, and the parents chose to terminate the pregnancy. Conclusion We identified a novel pathogenic mutation that broadens the mutation spectrum of PLA2G6 and will provide clues for the molecular diagnosis of INAD. Furthermore, our study has helped to elucidate the causative genetic factors of this Chinese family with INAD effectively and efficiently by using the emerging Trio-WES strategy and providing precise genetic counseling for this family.
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15
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Hua P, Zhao Y, Zeng Q, Li L, Ren J, Guo J, Tang B, Liu W. Genetic Analysis of Patients With Early-Onset Parkinson’s Disease in Eastern China. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:849462. [PMID: 35645773 PMCID: PMC9131032 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.849462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of early-onset Parkinson’s disease (EOPD). To date, more than 20 pathogenic genes associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD) have been identified. This study aims to explore the mutation spectrum of EOPD and the clinical characteristics of mutation carriers in eastern China. Methods We recruited 155 unrelated EOPD patients, including 8 familial and 147 sporadic EOPD (age at onset ≤ 50 years). Overall, 24 known PD-associated genes were detected by whole exome sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) from patient samples. The genetic and clinical characteristics of pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) loci in this cohort were analyzed. Results Overall, 14 (9.03%) patients were detected with P/LP variants distributed in seven genes. The most frequent mutation occurred in PRKN (7/155, 4.52%), followed by LRRK2 (2/155, 1.29%), SNCA, CHCHD2, TMEM230, DNAJC13 and PLA2G6 (1/155, 0.64%, respectively). Exon rearrangement mutations accounted for 57.9% (11/19) of all mutations in PRKN. Four novel variants were detected: c.14T > C (p.M5T) in SNCA, c.297C > A (p.Y99X) in CHCHD2, c.2578C > T (p.R860C) in DNAJC13 and c.4C > T (p.Q2X) in TMEM230. We found the first case of LRRK2 c.6055G > A (p.G2019S) mutation in Chinese population. The median onset age of patients with P/LP mutations in autosomal recessive genes (PRKN and PLA2G6) was about 18.0 years earlier than patients without mutation. The proportion of patients with mutations were 63.64%, 27.03% and 9.68% when patients were stratified according to the age of onset at ≤ 30, ≤ 40 and ≤ 50 years, respectively. Conclusion Early-onset Parkinson’s disease patients from eastern China present a regional specific mutation spectrum. Analysis of larger patient cohorts is required to support these findings, and mechanistic studies of the four novel missense/non-sense mutations will clarify their role in the pathogenicity of EOPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Hua
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuwen Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lanting Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingru Ren
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jifeng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Centre for Medical Genetics, Xiangya Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Centre for Medical Genetics, Xiangya Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Beisha Tang,
| | - Weiguo Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Weiguo Liu,
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Cheng HL, Chen YJ, Xue YY, Wu ZY, Li HF, Wang N. Clinical Characterization and Founder Effect Analysis in Chinese Patients with Phospholipase A2-Associated Neurodegeneration. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12050517. [PMID: 35624904 PMCID: PMC9138368 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12050517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by PLA2G6 mutations. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and mutation spectrum of PLAN and to investigate the founder effects in Chinese PLAN patients. Six Chinese PLAN families were clinically examined in detail and whole-exome sequencing was performed in the probands. Haplotype analysis was performed in five families with the PLA2G6 c.991G > T mutation using 23 single nucleotide polymorphism markers. Furthermore, all previously reported PLA2G6 mutations and patients in China were reviewed to summarize the genetic and clinical features of PLAN. Interestingly, we found that one patient had hereditary spastic paraplegia and showed various atypical clinical characteristics of PLAN, and five patients had a phenotype of parkinsonism. All probands were compound heterozygotes for PLA2G6 variants, including four novel pathogenic/likely pathogenic mutations (c.967G > A, c.1450G > T, c.1631T > C, and c.1915delG) and five known pathogenic mutations. Haplotype analyses revealed that patients carrying PLA2G6 c.991G > T mutations shared a haplotype of 717 kb. The frequencies of psychiatric features, cognitive decline, and myoclonus in Chinese patients with PLA2G6-related parkinsonism were significantly different from those in European patients. Thus, our study expands the clinical and genetic spectrum of PLAN and provides an insightful view of the founder effect to better diagnose and understand the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ling Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China; (H.-L.C.); (Y.-J.C.)
| | - Yi-Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China; (H.-L.C.); (Y.-J.C.)
| | - Yan-Yan Xue
- Research Center of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China; (Y.-Y.X.); (Z.-Y.W.)
| | - Zhi-Ying Wu
- Research Center of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China; (Y.-Y.X.); (Z.-Y.W.)
| | - Hong-Fu Li
- Research Center of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China; (Y.-Y.X.); (Z.-Y.W.)
- Correspondence: (H.-F.L.); (N.W.); Tel.: +086-571-87783569 (H.-F.L.); +086-591-87982772 (N.W.)
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China; (H.-L.C.); (Y.-J.C.)
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
- Correspondence: (H.-F.L.); (N.W.); Tel.: +086-571-87783569 (H.-F.L.); +086-591-87982772 (N.W.)
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17
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Borja N, Bivona S, Peart LS, Johnson B, Gonzalez J, Barbouth D, Moore H, Guo S, Bademci G, Tekin M. Genome sequencing reveals novel noncoding variants in PLA2G6 and LMNB1 causing progressive neurologic disease. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2022; 10:e1892. [PMID: 35247231 PMCID: PMC9000935 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders and leukodystrophies are progressive neurologic conditions that can occur following the disruption of intricately coordinated patterns of gene expression. Exome sequencing has been adopted as an effective diagnostic tool for determining the underlying genetic etiology of Mendelian neurologic disorders, however genome sequencing offer advantages in its ability to identify and characterize copy number, structural, and sequence variants in noncoding regions. Genome sequencing from peripheral leukocytes was performed on two patients with progressive neurologic disease of unknown etiology following negative genetic investigations including exome sequencing. RNA sequencing from peripheral blood was performed to determine gene expression patterns in one of the patients. Potential causative variants were matched to the patients' clinical presentation. The first proband was found to be heterozygous for a likely pathogenic missense variant in PLA2G6 (c.386T>C; p.Leu129Pro) and have an additional deep intronic variant in PLA2G6 (c.2035-926G>A). RNA sequencing indicated this latter variant created a splice acceptor site leading to the incorporation of a pseudo-exon introducing a premature termination codon. The second proband was heterozygous for a 261 kb deletion upstream of LMNB1 that included an enhancer region. Previous reports of copy number variants spanning this region of cis-acting regulatory elements corroborated its pathogenicity. When combined with clinical presentations, these findings led to a definitive diagnosis of autosomal recessive infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy and autosomal dominant adult-onset demyelinating leukodystrophy, respectively. In patients with progressive neurologic disease of unknown etiology, genome sequencing with the addition of RNA analysis where appropriate should be considered for the identification of causative noncoding pathogenic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Borja
- John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Stephanie Bivona
- John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Lé Shon Peart
- John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Brittany Johnson
- John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Joanna Gonzalez
- John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Deborah Barbouth
- John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Henry Moore
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Shengru Guo
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Guney Bademci
- John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Mustafa Tekin
- John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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18
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Rostampour D, Zolfaghari MR, Gholami M. Novel insertion mutation in the
PLA2G6
gene in an Iranian family with infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24253. [PMID: 35092705 PMCID: PMC8906051 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy is an autosomal recessive neurological disorder. Individuals with infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy experience progressive loss of vision, mental skills and muscular control, and other variable clinical signs. Pathogenic variants in the PLA2G6 gene, encoding phospholipase A2, are recognized to be the fundamental reason for infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy. This study aimed to detect pathogenic variant in a consanguine Iranian family with infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy. Methods The mutation screening was done by whole exome sequencing followed by direct Sanger sequencing. Results We identified a homozygous insertion mutation, NM_003560: c.1548_1549insCG (p.G517Rfs*29) in exon 10 of PLA2G6 in the patient. The parents were heterozygous for variant. Conclusions Because of the clinical heterogeneity and rarity of infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy, whole exome sequencing is critical to confirm the diagnosis and is an excellent tool for INAD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorsa Rostampour
- Department of Microbiology Qom Branch Islamic Azad University Qom Iran
| | | | - Milad Gholami
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics School of Medicine Arak University of Medical Sciences Arak Iran
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19
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Suzuki M, Sango K, Nagai Y. Roles of α-Synuclein and Disease-Associated Factors in Drosophila Models of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031519. [PMID: 35163450 PMCID: PMC8835920 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein (αSyn) plays a major role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD), which is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer’s disease. The accumulation of αSyn is a pathological hallmark of PD, and mutations in the SNCA gene encoding αSyn cause familial forms of PD. Moreover, the ectopic expression of αSyn has been demonstrated to mimic several key aspects of PD in experimental model systems. Among the various model systems, Drosophila melanogaster has several advantages for modeling human neurodegenerative diseases. Drosophila has a well-defined nervous system, and numerous tools have been established for its genetic analyses. The rapid generation cycle and short lifespan of Drosophila renders them suitable for high-throughput analyses. PD model flies expressing αSyn have contributed to our understanding of the roles of various disease-associated factors, including genetic and nongenetic factors, in the pathogenesis of PD. In this review, we summarize the molecular pathomechanisms revealed to date using αSyn-expressing Drosophila models of PD, and discuss the possibilities of using these models to demonstrate the biological significance of disease-associated factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Suzuki
- Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Department of Diseases and Infection, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan;
- Department of Neurotherapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (Y.N.); Tel.: +81-5316-3100 (M.S.); +81-72-366-0221 (Y.N.)
| | - Kazunori Sango
- Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Department of Diseases and Infection, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan;
| | - Yoshitaka Nagai
- Department of Neurotherapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama 589-8511, Japan
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (Y.N.); Tel.: +81-5316-3100 (M.S.); +81-72-366-0221 (Y.N.)
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20
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Magrinelli F, Mehta S, Di Lazzaro G, Latorre A, Edwards MJ, Balint B, Basu P, Kobylecki C, Groppa S, Hegde A, Mulroy E, Estevez-Fraga C, Arora A, Kumar H, Schneider SA, Lewis PA, Jaunmuktane Z, Revesz T, Gandhi S, Wood NW, Hardy JA, Tinazzi M, Lal V, Houlden H, Bhatia KP. Dissecting the Phenotype and Genotype of PLA2G6-Related Parkinsonism. Mov Disord 2022; 37:148-161. [PMID: 34622992 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complex parkinsonism is the commonest phenotype in late-onset PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to deeply characterize phenogenotypically PLA2G6-related parkinsonism in the largest cohort ever reported. METHODS We report 14 new cases of PLA2G6-related parkinsonism and perform a systematic literature review. RESULTS PLA2G6-related parkinsonism shows a fairly distinct phenotype based on 86 cases from 68 pedigrees. Young onset (median age, 23.0 years) with parkinsonism/dystonia, gait/balance, and/or psychiatric/cognitive symptoms were common presenting features. Dystonia occurred in 69.4%, pyramidal signs in 77.2%, myoclonus in 65.2%, and cerebellar signs in 44.6% of cases. Early bladder overactivity was present in 71.9% of cases. Cognitive impairment affected 76.1% of cases and psychiatric features 87.1%, the latter being an isolated presenting feature in 20.1%. Parkinsonism was levodopa responsive but complicated by early, often severe dyskinesias. Five patients benefited from deep brain stimulation. Brain magnetic resonance imaging findings included cerebral (49.3%) and/or cerebellar (43.2%) atrophy, but mineralization was evident in only 28.1%. Presynaptic dopaminergic terminal imaging was abnormal in all where performed. Fifty-four PLA2G6 mutations have hitherto been associated with parkinsonism, including four new variants reported in this article. These are mainly nontruncating, which may explain the phenotypic heterogeneity of childhood- and late-onset PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration. In five deceased patients, median disease duration was 13.0 years. Brain pathology in three cases showed mixed Lewy and tau pathology. CONCLUSIONS Biallelic PLA2G6 mutations cause early-onset parkinsonism associated with dystonia, pyramidal and cerebellar signs, myoclonus, and cognitive impairment. Early psychiatric manifestations and bladder overactivity are common. Cerebro/cerebellar atrophy are frequent magnetic resonance imaging features, whereas brain iron deposition is not. Early, severe dyskinesias are a tell-tale sign. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Magrinelli
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Sahil Mehta
- Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Giulia Di Lazzaro
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Latorre
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J Edwards
- Motor Control and Movement Disorders Group, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bettina Balint
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Purba Basu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Christopher Kobylecki
- Department of Neurology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sergiu Groppa
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anaita Hegde
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Eoin Mulroy
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Estevez-Fraga
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anshita Arora
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Hrishikesh Kumar
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Susanne A Schneider
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Patrick A Lewis
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zane Jaunmuktane
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tamas Revesz
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sonia Gandhi
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas W Wood
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John A Hardy
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michele Tinazzi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Vivek Lal
- Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kailash P Bhatia
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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21
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Yeh TH, Liu HF, Chiu CC, Cheng ML, Huang GJ, Huang YC, Liu YC, Huang YZ, Lu CS, Chen YC, Chen HY, Cheng YC. PLA2G6 mutations cause motor dysfunction phenotypes of young-onset dystonia-parkinsonism type 14 and can be relieved by DHA treatment in animal models. Exp Neurol 2021; 346:113863. [PMID: 34520727 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), the most common neurodegenerative motor disorder, is currently incurable. Although many studies have provided insights on the substantial influence of genetic factors on the occurrence and development of PD, the molecular mechanism underlying the disease is largely unclear. Previous studies have shown that point mutations in the phospholipase A2 group VI gene (PLA2G6) correlate with young-onset dystonia-parkinsonism type 14 (PARK14). However, limited information is available regarding the pathogenic role of this gene and the mechanism underlying its function. To study the role of PLA2G6 mutations, we first used zebrafish larvae to screen six PLA2G6 mutations and revealed that injection of D331Y, T572I, and R741Q mutation constructs induced phenotypes such as motility defects and reduction in dopaminergic neurons. The motility defects could be alleviated by treatment with L-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa), indicating that these mutations are pathological for PARK14 symptoms. Furthermore, the injection of D331Y and T572I mutation constructs reduced phospholipase activity of PLA2G6 and its lipid metabolites, which confirmed that these two mutations are loss-of-function mutations. Metabolomic analysis revealed that D331Y or T572I mutation led to higher phospholipid and lower docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels, indicating that reduced DHA levels are pathological for defective motor functions. Further, a dietary DHA supplement relieved the motility defects in PLA2G6D331Y/D331Y knock-in mice. This result revealed that the D331Y mutation caused defective PLA2G6 phospholipase activity and consequently reduced the DHA level, which is the pathogenic factor responsible for PARK14. The results of this study will facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies for PARK14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tu-Hsueh Yeh
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Fang Liu
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chi Chiu
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.; Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Guo-Jen Huang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Cheng Huang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chien Liu
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Zu Huang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Song Lu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Section of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chieh Chen
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Yuan Chen
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chuan Cheng
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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22
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iPLA2-VIA is required for healthy aging of neurons, muscle, and the female germline in Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256738. [PMID: 34506510 PMCID: PMC8432841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disease (ND) is a growing health burden worldwide, but its causes and treatments remain elusive. Although most cases of ND are sporadic, rare familial cases have been attributed to single genes, which can be investigated in animal models. We have generated a new mutation in the calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) VIA gene CG6718, the Drosophila melanogaster ortholog of human PLA2G6/PARK14, mutations in which cause a suite of NDs collectively called PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN). Our mutants display age-related loss of climbing ability, a symptom of neurodegeneration in flies. Although phospholipase activity commonly is presumed to underlie iPLA2-VIA function, locomotor decline in our mutants is rescued by a transgene carrying a serine-to-alanine mutation in the catalytic residue, suggesting that important functional aspects are independent of phospholipase activity. Additionally, we find that iPLA2-VIA knockdown in either muscle or neurons phenocopies locomotor decline with age, demonstrating its necessity in both neuronal and non-neuronal tissues. Furthermore, RNA in situ hybridization shows high endogenous iPLA2-VIA mRNA expression in adult germ cells, and transgenic HA-tagged iPLA2-VIA colocalizes with mitochondria there. Mutant males are fertile with normal spermatogenesis, while fertility is reduced in mutant females. Mutant female germ cells display age-related mitochondrial aggregation, loss of mitochondrial potential, and elevated cell death. These results suggest that iPLA2-VIA is critical for mitochondrial integrity in the Drosophila female germline, which may provide a novel context to investigate its functions with parallels to PLAN.
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23
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Parkinson's Disease-Related Genes and Lipid Alteration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147630. [PMID: 34299248 PMCID: PMC8305702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex and progressive neurodegenerative disorder with a prevalence of approximately 0.5–1% among those aged 65–70 years. Although most of its clinical manifestations are due to a loss of dopaminergic neurons, the PD etiology is largely unknown. PD is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, and the exact interplay between genes and the environment is still debated. Several biological processes have been implicated in PD, including mitochondrial or lysosomal dysfunctions, alteration in protein clearance, and neuroinflammation, but a common molecular mechanism connecting the different cellular alterations remains incompletely understood. Accumulating evidence underlines a significant role of lipids in the pathological pathways leading to PD. Beside the well-described lipid alteration in idiopathic PD, this review summarizes the several lipid alterations observed in experimental models expressing PD-related genes and suggests a possible scenario in relationship to the molecular mechanisms of neuronal toxicity. PD could be considered a lipid-induced proteinopathy, where alteration in lipid composition or metabolism could induce protein alteration—for instance, alpha-synuclein accumulation—and finally neuronal death.
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24
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Li W, Fu Y, Halliday GM, Sue CM. PARK Genes Link Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Alpha-Synuclein Pathology in Sporadic Parkinson's Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:612476. [PMID: 34295884 PMCID: PMC8291125 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.612476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder affecting millions of people worldwide. The disease is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons and spread of Lewy pathology (α-synuclein aggregates) in the brain but the pathogenesis remains elusive. PD presents substantial clinical and genetic variability. Although its complex etiology and pathogenesis has hampered the breakthrough in targeting disease modification, recent genetic tools advanced our approaches. As such, mitochondrial dysfunction has been identified as a major pathogenic hub for both familial and sporadic PD. In this review, we summarize the effect of mutations in 11 PARK genes (SNCA, PRKN, PINK1, DJ-1, LRRK2, ATP13A2, PLA2G6, FBXO7, VPS35, CHCHD2, and VPS13C) on mitochondrial function as well as their relevance in the formation of Lewy pathology. Overall, these genes play key roles in mitochondrial homeostatic control (biogenesis and mitophagy) and functions (e.g., energy production and oxidative stress), which may crosstalk with the autophagy pathway, induce proinflammatory immune responses, and increase oxidative stress that facilitate the aggregation of α-synuclein. Thus, rectifying mitochondrial dysregulation represents a promising therapeutic approach for neuroprotection in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - YuHong Fu
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carolyn M Sue
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
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25
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Custodia A, Aramburu-Núñez M, Correa-Paz C, Posado-Fernández A, Gómez-Larrauri A, Castillo J, Gómez-Muñoz A, Sobrino T, Ouro A. Ceramide Metabolism and Parkinson's Disease-Therapeutic Targets. Biomolecules 2021; 11:945. [PMID: 34202192 PMCID: PMC8301871 DOI: 10.3390/biom11070945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ceramide is a bioactive sphingolipid involved in numerous cellular processes. In addition to being the precursor of complex sphingolipids, ceramides can act as second messengers, especially when they are generated at the plasma membrane of cells. Its metabolic dysfunction may lead to or be a consequence of an underlying disease. Recent reports on transcriptomics and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis have demonstrated the variation of specific levels of sphingolipids and enzymes involved in their metabolism in different neurodegenerative diseases. In the present review, we highlight the most relevant discoveries related to ceramide and neurodegeneration, with a special focus on Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antía Custodia
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratories, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesa da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.); (M.A.-N.); (C.C.-P.); (A.P.-F.); (J.C.)
| | - Marta Aramburu-Núñez
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratories, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesa da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.); (M.A.-N.); (C.C.-P.); (A.P.-F.); (J.C.)
| | - Clara Correa-Paz
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratories, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesa da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.); (M.A.-N.); (C.C.-P.); (A.P.-F.); (J.C.)
| | - Adrián Posado-Fernández
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratories, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesa da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.); (M.A.-N.); (C.C.-P.); (A.P.-F.); (J.C.)
| | - Ana Gómez-Larrauri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, P.O. Box 644, 48980 Bilbao, Spain; (A.G.-L.); (A.G.-M.)
- Respiratory Department, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, 48903 Bizkaia, Spain
| | - José Castillo
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratories, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesa da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.); (M.A.-N.); (C.C.-P.); (A.P.-F.); (J.C.)
| | - Antonio Gómez-Muñoz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, P.O. Box 644, 48980 Bilbao, Spain; (A.G.-L.); (A.G.-M.)
| | - Tomás Sobrino
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratories, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesa da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.); (M.A.-N.); (C.C.-P.); (A.P.-F.); (J.C.)
| | - Alberto Ouro
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratories, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesa da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.); (M.A.-N.); (C.C.-P.); (A.P.-F.); (J.C.)
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Na + leak-current channel (NALCN) at the junction of motor and neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2021; 128:749-762. [PMID: 33961117 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02348-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a debilitating movement disorder often accompanied by neuropsychiatric symptoms that stem from the loss of dopaminergic function in the basal ganglia and altered neurotransmission more generally. Akinesia, postural instability, tremors and frozen gait constitute the major motor disturbances, whereas neuropsychiatric symptoms include altered circadian rhythms, disordered sleep, depression, psychosis and cognitive impairment. Evidence is emerging that the motor and neuropsychiatric symptoms may share etiologic factors. Calcium/ion channels (CACNA1C, NALCN), synaptic proteins (SYNJ1) and neuronal RNA-binding proteins (RBFOX1) are among the risk genes that are common to PD and various psychiatric disorders. The Na+ leak-current channel (NALCN) is the focus of this review because it has been implicated in dystonia, regulation of movement, cognitive impairment, sleep and circadian rhythms. It regulates the resting membrane potential in neurons, mediates pace-making activity, participates in synaptic vesicle recycling and is functionally co-localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-several of the major processes adversely affected in PD. Here, we summarize the literature on mechanisms and pathways that connect the motor and neuropsychiatric symptoms of PD with a focus on recurring relationships to the NALCN. It is hoped that the various connections outlined here will stimulate further discussion, suggest additional areas for exploration and ultimately inspire novel treatment strategies.
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Metabolic Effects of Selective Deletion of Group VIA Phospholipase A 2 from Macrophages or Pancreatic Islet Beta-Cells. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101455. [PMID: 33080873 PMCID: PMC7602969 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine the role of group VIA phospholipase A2 (iPLA2β) in specific cell lineages in insulin secretion and insulin action, we prepared mice with a selective iPLA2β deficiency in cells of myelomonocytic lineage, including macrophages (MØ-iPLA2β-KO), or in insulin-secreting β-cells (β-Cell-iPLA2β-KO), respectively. MØ-iPLA2β-KO mice exhibited normal glucose tolerance when fed standard chow and better glucose tolerance than floxed-iPLA2β control mice after consuming a high-fat diet (HFD). MØ-iPLA2β-KO mice exhibited normal glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in vivo and from isolated islets ex vivo compared to controls. Male MØ-iPLA2β-KO mice exhibited enhanced insulin responsivity vs. controls after a prolonged HFD. In contrast, β-cell-iPLA2β-KO mice exhibited impaired glucose tolerance when fed standard chow, and glucose tolerance deteriorated further when introduced to a HFD. β-Cell-iPLA2β-KO mice exhibited impaired GSIS in vivo and from isolated islets ex vivo vs. controls. β-Cell-iPLA2β-KO mice also exhibited an enhanced insulin responsivity compared to controls. These findings suggest that MØ iPLA2β participates in HFD-induced deterioration in glucose tolerance and that this mainly reflects an effect on insulin responsivity rather than on insulin secretion. In contrast, β-cell iPLA2β plays a role in GSIS and also appears to confer some protection against deterioration in β-cell functions induced by a HFD.
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Abstract
Neurologic disease in horses can be particularly challenging to diagnose and treat. These diseases can result in economic losses, emotional distress to owners, and injury to the horse or handlers. To date, there are 5 neurologic diseases caused by known genetic mutations and several more are suspected to be heritable: lethal white foal syndrome, lavender foal syndrome, cerebellar abiotrophy, occipitoatlantoaxial malformation, and Friesian hydrocephalus. Genetic testing allows owners, breeders, and veterinarians to make informed decisions when selecting dams and sires for breeding or deciding the treatment or prognosis of a neurologic animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Edwards
- Department of Veterinary Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Room 4206 Vet Med 3A One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Carrie J Finno
- Department of Veterinary Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Room 4206 Vet Med 3A One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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29
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Demidov VV. Site-specifically deuterated essential lipids as new drugs against neuronal, retinal and vascular degeneration. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:1469-1476. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Atwal PS, Midei M, Adams D, Fay A, Heerinckx F, Milner P. The infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy rating scale (INAD-RS). Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:195. [PMID: 32727524 PMCID: PMC7392694 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01479-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background INAD is an autosomal recessive neurogenetic disorder caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in PLA2G6. The downstream enzyme, iPLA2, plays a critical role in cell membrane homeostasis by helping to regulate levels of phospholipids. The clinical presentation occurs between 6 months and 3 years with global developmental regression, hypotonia, and progressive spastic tetraparesis. Progression is often rapid, resulting in severe spasticity, visual impairment, and cognitive decline, with many children not surviving past the first decade of life. To date, no accepted tool for assessing the severity of INAD exists; other commonly used scales (e.g. CHOP-INTEND, Modified Ashworth, Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale) do not accurately gauge the current severity of INAD, nor are they sensitive/specific enough to monitor disease progression. Finally, these other scales are not appropriate, because they do not address the combination of CNS, peripheral nerve, and visual pathology that occurs in children with INAD. Methods We have developed and validated a structured neurological examination for INAD (scored out of 80). The examination includes six main categories of pediatric developmental evaluation: 1) gross motor-and-truncal-stability skills, 2) fine motor skills, 3) bulbar function, 4) ocular function, 5) temporo-frontal function, and, 6) Functional evaluation of the autonomic nervous system. A cohort of patients diagnosed with INAD were followed prospectively to validate the score against disease severity and disease progression. Results We show significant correlation between the total neurological assessment score and months since symptom onset with a statistically significant (p = 6.7 × 10− 07) correlation between assessment score and disease onset. As hypothesized, the coefficient of months-since-symptom-onset is strongly negative, indicating a negative correlation between total score and months since symptom onset. Conclusion We have developed and validated a novel neurological assessment score in INAD that demonstrates strong correlation with disease severity and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Darius Adams
- Atlantic Medical Group, Morris Township, NJ, USA
| | - Alexander Fay
- University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
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31
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Mutated ATP10B increases Parkinson's disease risk by compromising lysosomal glucosylceramide export. Acta Neuropathol 2020; 139:1001-1024. [PMID: 32172343 PMCID: PMC7244618 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-020-02145-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative brain disease presenting with a variety of motor and non-motor symptoms, loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and the occurrence of α-synuclein-positive Lewy bodies in surviving neurons. Here, we performed whole exome sequencing in 52 early-onset PD patients and identified 3 carriers of compound heterozygous mutations in the ATP10B P4-type ATPase gene. Genetic screening of a Belgian PD and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) cohort identified 4 additional compound heterozygous mutation carriers (6/617 PD patients, 0.97%; 1/226 DLB patients, 0.44%). We established that ATP10B encodes a late endo-lysosomal lipid flippase that translocates the lipids glucosylceramide (GluCer) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) towards the cytosolic membrane leaflet. The PD associated ATP10B mutants are catalytically inactive and fail to provide cellular protection against the environmental PD risk factors rotenone and manganese. In isolated cortical neurons, loss of ATP10B leads to general lysosomal dysfunction and cell death. Impaired lysosomal functionality and integrity is well known to be implicated in PD pathology and linked to multiple causal PD genes and genetic risk factors. Our results indicate that recessive loss of function mutations in ATP10B increase risk for PD by disturbed lysosomal export of GluCer and PC. Both ATP10B and glucocerebrosidase 1, encoded by the PD risk gene GBA1, reduce lysosomal GluCer levels, emerging lysosomal GluCer accumulation as a potential PD driver.
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32
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Smolders S, Van Broeckhoven C. Genetic perspective on the synergistic connection between vesicular transport, lysosomal and mitochondrial pathways associated with Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:63. [PMID: 32375870 PMCID: PMC7201634 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-00935-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) and atypical parkinsonian syndromes (APS) are symptomatically characterized by parkinsonism, with the latter presenting additionally a distinctive range of atypical features. Although the majority of patients with PD and APS appear to be sporadic, genetic causes of several rare monogenic disease variants were identified. The knowledge acquired from these genetic factors indicated that defects in vesicular transport pathways, endo-lysosomal dysfunction, impaired autophagy-lysosomal protein and organelle degradation pathways, α-synuclein aggregation and mitochondrial dysfunction play key roles in PD pathogenesis. Moreover, membrane dynamics are increasingly recognized as a key player in the disease pathogenesis due lipid homeostasis alterations, associated with lysosomal dysfunction, caused by mutations in several PD and APS genes. The importance of lysosomal dysfunction and lipid homeostasis is strengthened by both genetic discoveries and clinical epidemiology of the association between parkinsonism and lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs), caused by the disruption of lysosomal biogenesis or function. A synergistic coordination between vesicular trafficking, lysosomal and mitochondria defects exist whereby mutations in PD and APS genes encoding proteins primarily involved one PD pathway are frequently associated with defects in other PD pathways as a secondary effect. Moreover, accumulating clinical and genetic observations suggest more complex inheritance patters of familial PD exist, including oligogenic and polygenic inheritance of genes in the same or interconnected PD pathways, further strengthening their synergistic connection.Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of PD and APS genes with functions in vesicular transport, lysosomal and mitochondrial pathways, and highlight functional and genetic evidence of the synergistic connection between these PD associated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Smolders
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp - CDE, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp - CDE, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerpen, Belgium.
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium.
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Altuame FD, Foskett G, Atwal PS, Endemann S, Midei M, Milner P, Salih MA, Hamad M, Al-Muhaizea M, Hashem M, Alkuraya FS. The natural history of infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:109. [PMID: 32357911 PMCID: PMC7193406 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01355-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) is a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disorder of early onset causing premature death. It results from biallelic pathogenic variants in PLA2G6, which encodes a calcium-independent phospholipase A2. OBJECTIVE We aim to outline the natural history of INAD and provide a comprehensive description of its clinical, radiological, laboratory, and molecular findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS We comprehensively analyzed the charts of 28 patients: 16 patients from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 8 patients from North and South America and 4 patients from Europe with a molecularly confirmed diagnosis of PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN) and a clinical history consistent with INAD. RESULTS In our cohort, speech impairment and loss of gross motor milestones were the earliest signs of the disease. As the disease progressed, loss of fine motor milestones and bulbar dysfunction were observed. Temporo-frontal function was among the last of the milestones to be lost. Appendicular spastic hypertonia, axial hypotonia, and hyperreflexia were common neurological findings. Other common clinical findings include nystagmus (60.7%), seizures (42.9%), gastrointestinal disease (42.9%), skeletal deformities (35.7%), and strabismus (28.6%). Cerebellar atrophy and elevations in serum AST and LDH levels were consistent features of INAD. There was a statistically significant difference when comparing patients with non-sense/truncating variants compared with missense/in-frame deletions in the time of initial concern (p = 0.04), initial loss of language (p = 0.001), initial loss of fine motor skills (p = 0.009), and initial loss of bulbar skills (p = 0.007). CONCLUSION INAD is an ultra-rare neurodegenerative disorder that presents in early childhood, with a relentlessly progressive clinical course. Knowledge of the natural history of INAD may serve as a resource for healthcare providers to develop a targeted care plan and may facilitate the design of clinical trials to treat this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadie D Altuame
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mustafa A Salih
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muddathir Hamad
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Al-Muhaizea
- Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mais Hashem
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Abstract
While the initial causes of Parkinson's disease (PD) are not clearly defined, iron deposition has long been implicated in the pathogenesis of PD. The substantia nigra of PD patients, where the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons occurs, show a fairly selective and significant elevation in iron contents. However, the question remains whether iron deposition represents the initiation cause or merely the consequence of nigral degeneration. Here, we describe existing findings regarding the interaction of iron with neuromelanin and alpha synuclein, the iron deposition in experimental animal model of PD and sporadic and familial PD patients, and the treatment option involving the use of iron chelators for targeting the aberration of iron level in brain. This review may provide us a better understanding of the role of iron in PD to address the question of cause or consequence.
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35
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Liu H, Yao Y, Liu H, Peng Y, Ren J, Wu X, Mao R, Zhao J, Zhu Y, Niu Z, Yang T, Sun X, Jiang P, Zhang C, Fang Y. Lack of Association Between PLA2G6 Genetic Variation and Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:1755-1763. [PMID: 32801710 PMCID: PMC7399463 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s254065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phospholipase A2 Group 6 (PLA2G6, also known as PLA2, PARK14, and iPLA2) gene encodes a group VIA calcium-independent phospholipase A2. Genetic polymorphism of PLA2G6 has been indicated to be involved in conferring susceptibility for Parkinson's disease (PD), whereas conclusive results have not been obtained. Thus, we intended to conduct a systematic review to determine if PLA2G6 genetic variation confers a greater susceptibility to PD. METHODS All case-control studies that investigated the association of the PLA2G6 polymorphisms with the risk of PD published before 15 July 2018 were included. The literature was comprehensively searched and identified in five English databases (EBSCO, Pubmed, OVID, EMBASE and ISI Web of Knowledge) and four Chinese databases (Wanfang database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China Academic Journals Database and VIP database). We performed analyses of study characteristics, heterogeneity, and forest plot in analyses analogous to dominant, codominant and additive models with the pooled odds ratio (OR) in fixed- or random-effects models as the measure of association. RESULTS A total of 664 potentially relevant studies were retrieved with the initial search, of which eight studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria, and included 2,779 PD patients and 3,291 control participants,. Among all the reported 27 genetic variants, 15 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were present only in patients, and only five available SNPs (rs2267369, rs140758033, c.1959T>A (Gly653Gly), rs76718524, rs199935023) were pooled in the meta-analysis. However, there was no evidence for a significant association between the five SNPs and PD risk in dominant, codominant and allele models, suggesting a lack of association between PLA2G6 genetic variation and PD susceptibility. CONCLUSION The present study assessed the association of PLA2G6 genetic polymorphism with the risk PD, and the result strongly demonstrates that PLA2G6 polymorphism is not associated with PD susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Liu
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yamin Yao
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Loudi Center Hospital, Loudi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmin Peng
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanjuan Ren
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Wu
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruizhi Mao
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuncheng Zhu
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiang Niu
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yang
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiujia Sun
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiru Fang
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Hao Y, Chen D, Zhang G, Zhang Z, Liu X, Zhou P, Wei Z, Xu X, He X, Xing L, Lv M, Ji D, Chen B, Zou W, Wu H, Liu Y, Cao Y. Successful clinical application of pre-implantation genetic diagnosis for infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy. Exp Ther Med 2019; 19:956-964. [PMID: 32010257 PMCID: PMC6966177 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) is a rare, lethal, autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease and leads to progressive impairment of movement and cognition. A couple with a proband child with calcium-independent group VI phospholipase A2 (PLA2G6)-associated INAD and a previous affected pregnancy sought pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) to bear a healthy child. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment was performed and 15 blastocystic embryos were obtained at days 5 and 6, and these biopsies were amplified. PGD was performed by next-generation sequencing-based linkage analysis in conjunction with aneuploidy screening. Only two embryos were considered for transfer. In the second frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycle, transfer of a mosaic PLA2G6 c.692G>T heterozygous embryo resulted in a singleton ongoing pregnancy. Prenatal diagnosis was performed using amniotic fluid cells, providing results consistent with those of PGD. The aneuploidy screen and karyotype analysis indicated that the chromosomes of the fetus were normal without any mosaicism. The present study reported the first successful PGD for INAD. For parents at risk, this strategy may successfully lead to pregnancies with embryos unlikely to develop INAD, thus providing valuable experience in reproductive management regarding INAD and potentially other single-gene disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,Department of Biopreservation, Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P.R. China
| | - Dawei Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,Department of Biopreservation, Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P.R. China
| | - Guirong Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Peking Medriv Academy of Genetics and Reproduction, Beijing 102629, P.R. China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,Department of Biopreservation, Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- Department of Genetics, Peking Medriv Academy of Genetics and Reproduction, Beijing 102629, P.R. China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,Department of Biopreservation, Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P.R. China
| | - Zhaolian Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,Department of Biopreservation, Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,Department of Biopreservation, Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojin He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,Department of Biopreservation, Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P.R. China
| | - Lixian Xing
- Department of Genetics, Peking Medriv Academy of Genetics and Reproduction, Beijing 102629, P.R. China
| | - Mingrong Lv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,Department of Biopreservation, Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Ji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,Department of Biopreservation, Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P.R. China
| | - Beili Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,Department of Biopreservation, Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Zou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,Department of Biopreservation, Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P.R. China
| | - Huan Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,Department of Biopreservation, Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P.R. China
| | - Yajing Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,Department of Biopreservation, Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P.R. China
| | - Yunxia Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,Department of Biopreservation, Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P.R. China
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Guo YP, Tang BS, Guo JF. PLA2G6-Associated Neurodegeneration (PLAN): Review of Clinical Phenotypes and Genotypes. Front Neurol 2018; 9:1100. [PMID: 30619057 PMCID: PMC6305538 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.01100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase A2 group VI (PLA2G6)-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN) includes a series of neurodegenerative diseases that result from the mutations in PLA2G6. PLAN has genetic and clinical heterogeneity, with different mutation sites, mutation types and ethnicities and its clinical phenotype is different. The clinical phenotypes and genotypes of PLAN are closely intertwined and vary widely. PLA2G6 encodes a group of VIA calcium-independent phospholipase A2 proteins (iPLA2β), an enzyme involved in lipid metabolism. According to the age of onset and progressive clinical features, PLAN can be classified into the following subtypes: infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD), atypical neuroaxonal dystrophy (ANAD) and parkinsonian syndrome which contains adult onset dystonia parkinsonism (DP) and autosomal recessive early-onset parkinsonism (AREP). In this review, we present an overview of PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration in the context of current research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Pei Guo
- Center for Brain Disorders Research, Capital Medical University and Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bei-Sha Tang
- Center for Brain Disorders Research, Capital Medical University and Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ji-Feng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
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38
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Turk J, White TD, Nelson AJ, Lei X, Ramanadham S. iPLA 2β and its role in male fertility, neurological disorders, metabolic disorders, and inflammation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1864:846-860. [PMID: 30408523 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Ca2+-independent phospholipases, designated as group VI iPLA2s, also referred to as PNPLAs due to their shared homology with patatin, include the β, γ, δ, ε, ζ, and η forms of the enzyme. The iPLA2s are ubiquitously expressed, share a consensus GXSXG catalytic motif, and exhibit organelle/cell-specific localization. Among the iPLA2s, iPLA2β has received wide attention as it is recognized to be involved in membrane remodeling, cell proliferation, cell death, and signal transduction. Ongoing studies implicate participation of iPLA2β in a variety of disease processes including cancer, cardiovascular abnormalities, glaucoma, and peridonditis. This review will focus on iPLA2β and its links to male fertility, neurological disorders, metabolic disorders, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Turk
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Tayleur D White
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America; Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Alexander J Nelson
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America; Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Xiaoyong Lei
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America; Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Sasanka Ramanadham
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America; Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America.
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Lin G, Lee PT, Chen K, Mao D, Tan KL, Zuo Z, Lin WW, Wang L, Bellen HJ. Phospholipase PLA2G6, a Parkinsonism-Associated Gene, Affects Vps26 and Vps35, Retromer Function, and Ceramide Levels, Similar to α-Synuclein Gain. Cell Metab 2018; 28:605-618.e6. [PMID: 29909971 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in PLA2G6 (PARK14) cause neurodegenerative disorders in humans, including autosomal recessive neuroaxonal dystrophy and early-onset parkinsonism. We show that loss of iPLA2-VIA, the fly homolog of PLA2G6, reduces lifespan, impairs synaptic transmission, and causes neurodegeneration. Phospholipases typically hydrolyze glycerol phospholipids, but loss of iPLA2-VIA does not affect the phospholipid composition of brain tissue but rather causes an elevation in ceramides. Reducing ceramides with drugs, including myriocin or desipramine, alleviates lysosomal stress and suppresses neurodegeneration. iPLA2-VIA binds the retromer subunits Vps35 and Vps26 and enhances retromer function to promote protein and lipid recycling. Loss of iPLA2-VIA impairs retromer function, leading to a progressive increase in ceramide. This induces a positive feedback loop that affects membrane fluidity and impairs retromer function and neuronal function. Similar defects are observed upon loss of vps26 or vps35 or overexpression of α-synuclein, indicating that these defects may be common in Parkinson disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Lin
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pei-Tseng Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kuchuan Chen
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dongxue Mao
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kai Li Tan
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhongyuan Zuo
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wen-Wen Lin
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Liping Wang
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hugo J Bellen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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40
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Ferese R, Scala S, Biagioni F, Giardina E, Zampatti S, Modugno N, Colonnese C, Storto M, Fornai F, Novelli G, Ruggieri S, Gambardella S. Heterozygous PLA2G6 Mutation Leads to Iron Accumulation Within Basal Ganglia and Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2018; 9:536. [PMID: 30042723 PMCID: PMC6048271 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of PLA2G6 gene are responsible for PARK14, an autosomal recessive L-DOPA responsive dystonia/parkinsonism with early/adult onset. This phenotype possesses an high clinical variability, which consists in the occurrence of cerebral and cerebellar atrophy, iron accumulation in the basal ganglia, and cognitive decline. This report describes a PD patient carrying an heterozygous PLA2G6 mutation, which was identified also in his PD affected sister. This patient is characterized by a L-DOPA responsive typical parkinsonian syndrome without the occurrence of dystonia, a slight cognitive decline, presence of iron accumulation both in neo and paleostriatum while cerebellar atrophy was absent. Clinical and imaging features are compatible with the PARK14 phenotype. Although PARK14 has been previously reported to be inherited as a recessive disorder, clinical and genetic analysis of this proband and his family rise the hypothesis that even heterozygous PLA2G6 mutations may cause PARK14. It remains to be analyzed whether these heterozygous variants may act as dominant mutations, or they merely increase the risk to develop PD by acting within a context of synergistic genetic and/or environmental backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Emiliano Giardina
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory UILDM, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Zampatti
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,Molecular Genetics Laboratory UILDM, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Colonnese
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,DAI Neurology and Psichiatry, Department of Neuroradiology, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Fornai
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Novelli
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Elsayed LEO, Mohammed IN, Hamed AAA, Elseed MA, Salih MAM, Yahia A, Siddig RA, Amin M, Koko M, Elbashir MI, Ibrahim ME, Brice A, Ahmed AE, Stevanin G. Case report of a novel homozygous splice site mutation in PLA2G6 gene causing infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy in a Sudanese family. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2018; 19:72. [PMID: 29739362 PMCID: PMC5941609 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-018-0592-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) is a rare hereditary neurological disorder caused by mutations in PLA2G6. The disease commonly affects children below 3 years of age and presents with delay in motor skills, optic atrophy and progressive spastic tetraparesis. Studies of INAD in Africa are extremely rare, and genetic studies from Sub Saharan Africa are almost non-existent. Case presentation Two Sudanese siblings presented, at ages 18 and 24 months, with regression in both motor milestones and speech development and hyper-reflexia. Brain MRI showed bilateral and symmetrical T2/FLAIR hyperintense signal changes in periventricular areas and basal ganglia and mild cerebellar atrophy. Whole exome sequencing with confirmatory Sanger sequencing were performed for the two patients and healthy family members. A novel variant (NM_003560.2 c.1427 + 2 T > C) acting on a splice donor site and predicted to lead to skipping of exon 10 was found in PLA2G6. It was found in a homozygous state in the two patients and homozygous reference or heterozygous in five healthy family members. Conclusion This variant has one very strong (loss of function mutation) and three supporting evidences for its pathogenicity (segregation with the disease, multiple computational evidence and specific patients’ phenotype). Therefore this variant can be currently annotated as “pathogenic”. This is the first study to report mutations in PLA2G6 gene in patients from Sudan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liena E O Elsayed
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Qasr Street, 11111, Khartoum, Sudan.
| | - Inaam N Mohammed
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Qasr Street, 11111, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ahlam A A Hamed
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Qasr Street, 11111, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Maha A Elseed
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Qasr Street, 11111, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mustafa A M Salih
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Yahia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Qasr Street, 11111, Khartoum, Sudan.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, National University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Rayan A Siddig
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Qasr Street, 11111, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mutaz Amin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Qasr Street, 11111, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mahmoud Koko
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.,Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Mustafa I Elbashir
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Qasr Street, 11111, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Muntaser E Ibrahim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Alexis Brice
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris VI UMR_S1127, 75013, Paris, France.,Department of genetics, APHP Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Ammar E Ahmed
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Qasr Street, 11111, Khartoum, Sudan.
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris VI UMR_S1127, 75013, Paris, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, EPHE, PSL research university, 75014, Paris, France.,Department of genetics, APHP Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 75013, Paris, France
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42
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Ammal Kaidery N, Thomas B. Current perspective of mitochondrial biology in Parkinson's disease. Neurochem Int 2018; 117:91-113. [PMID: 29550604 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder characterized by preferential loss of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta and the presence of Lewy bodies containing α-synuclein. Although the cause of PD remains elusive, remarkable advances have been made in understanding the possible causative mechanisms of PD pathogenesis. An explosion of discoveries during the past two decades has led to the identification of several autosomal dominant and recessive genes that cause familial forms of PD. The investigations of these familial PD gene products have shed considerable insights into the molecular pathogenesis of the more common sporadic PD. A growing body of evidence suggests that the etiology of PD is multifactorial and involves a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Substantial evidence from human tissues, genetic and toxin-induced animal and cellular models indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a central role in the pathophysiology of PD. Deficits in mitochondrial functions due to bioenergetics defects, alterations in the mitochondrial DNA, generation of reactive oxygen species, aberrant calcium homeostasis, and anomalies in mitochondrial dynamics and quality control are implicated in the underlying mechanisms of neuronal cell death in PD. In this review, we discuss how familial PD-linked genes and environmental factors interface the pathways regulating mitochondrial functions and thereby potentially converge both familial and sporadic PD at the level of mitochondrial integrity. We also provide an overview of the status of therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in PD. Unraveling potential pathways that influence mitochondrial homeostasis in PD may hold the key to therapeutic intervention for this debilitating neurodegenerative movement disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bobby Thomas
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Neurology Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States.
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43
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Di Meo I, Tiranti V. Classification and molecular pathogenesis of NBIA syndromes. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2018; 22:272-284. [PMID: 29409688 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Brain iron accumulation is the hallmark of a group of seriously invalidating and progressive rare diseases collectively denominated Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation (NBIA), characterized by movement disorder, painful dystonia, parkinsonism, mental disability and early death. Currently there is no established therapy available to slow down or reverse the progression of these conditions. Several genes have been identified as responsible for NBIA but only two encode for proteins playing a direct role in iron metabolism. The other genes encode for proteins either with various functions in lipid metabolism, lysosomal activity and autophagic processes or with still unknown roles. The different NBIA subtypes have been classified and denominated on the basis of the mutated genes and, despite genetic heterogeneity, some of them code for proteins, which share or converge on common metabolic pathways. In the last ten years, the implementation of genetic screening based on Whole Exome Sequencing has greatly accelerated gene discovery, nevertheless our knowledge of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the NBIA syndromes is still largely incomplete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivano Di Meo
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Pierfranco and Luisa Mariani Centre for the Study of Mitochondrial Disorders in Children, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, Via Temolo 4, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Tiranti
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Pierfranco and Luisa Mariani Centre for the Study of Mitochondrial Disorders in Children, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, Via Temolo 4, 20126, Milan, Italy.
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44
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Malley KR, Koroleva O, Miller I, Sanishvili R, Jenkins CM, Gross RW, Korolev S. The structure of iPLA 2β reveals dimeric active sites and suggests mechanisms of regulation and localization. Nat Commun 2018; 9:765. [PMID: 29472584 PMCID: PMC5823874 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03193-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium-independent phospholipase A2β (iPLA2β) regulates important physiological processes including inflammation, calcium homeostasis and apoptosis. It is genetically linked to neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson’s disease. Despite its known enzymatic activity, the mechanisms underlying iPLA2β-induced pathologic phenotypes remain poorly understood. Here, we present a crystal structure of iPLA2β that significantly revises existing mechanistic models. The catalytic domains form a tight dimer. They are surrounded by ankyrin repeat domains that adopt an outwardly flared orientation, poised to interact with membrane proteins. The closely integrated active sites are positioned for cooperative activation and internal transacylation. The structure and additional solution studies suggest that both catalytic domains can be bound and allosterically inhibited by a single calmodulin. These features suggest mechanisms of iPLA2β cellular localization and activity regulation, providing a basis for inhibitor development. Furthermore, the structure provides a framework to investigate the role of neurodegenerative mutations and the function of iPLA2β in the brain. Calcium-independent phospholipase A2β (iPLA2β) is involved in many physiological and pathological processes but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, the authors present the structure of dimeric iPLA2β, providing insights into the regulation of its activity and cellular localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin R Malley
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Olga Koroleva
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Ian Miller
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Ruslan Sanishvili
- GM/CA@APS, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Christopher M Jenkins
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8020, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Richard W Gross
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8020, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Sergey Korolev
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA.
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45
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Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 2A: Report of four independent cases. Meta Gene 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Pla2g6 Deficiency in Zebrafish Leads to Dopaminergic Cell Death, Axonal Degeneration, Increased β-Synuclein Expression, and Defects in Brain Functions and Pathways. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:6734-6754. [PMID: 29344929 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0846-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to gain insights into the pathophysiology underlying PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration that is implicated in three different neurological disorders, suggesting that other, unknown genetic or environmental factors might contribute to its wide phenotypic expression. To accomplish this, we downregulated the function of pla2g6 in the zebrafish nervous system, performed parkinsonism-related phenotypic characterization, and determined the effects of gene regulation upon the loss of pla2g6 function by using RNA sequencing and downstream analyses. Pla2g6 deficiency resulted in axonal degeneration, dopaminergic and motor neuron cell loss, and increased β-synuclein expression. We also observed that many of the identified, differentially expressed genes were implicated in other brain disorders, which might explain the variable phenotypic expression of pla2g6-associated disease, and found that top enriched canonical pathways included those already known or suggested to play a major role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Our data support that pla2g6 is relevant for cranial motor development with significant implications in the pathophysiology underlying Parkinson's disease.
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Iannello G, Graziano C, Cenacchi G, Cordelli DM, Zuntini R, Papa V, Magistà AM, Gagliardi M, Procopio R, Quattrone A, Annesi G. A new PLA2G6 mutation in a family with infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy. J Neurol Sci 2017; 381:209-212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.3260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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PARK14 PLA2G6 mutants are defective in preventing rotenone-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS generation and activation of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:79046-79060. [PMID: 29108286 PMCID: PMC5668019 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 group 6 (PLA2G6) cause the recessive familial type 14 of Parkinson’s disease (PARK14). Mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). PLA2G6 is believed to be required for maintaining mitochondrial function. In the present study, rotenone-induced cellular model of PD was used to investigate possible molecular pathogenic mechanism of PARK14 mutant PLA2G6-induced PD. Overexpression of wild-type (WT) PLA2G6 ameliorated rotenone-induced apoptotic death of SH-SY5Y dopaminergic cells. PARK14 mutant (D331Y), (G517C), (T572I), (R632W), (N659S) or (R741Q) PLA2G6 failed to prevent rotenone-induced activation of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and exert a neuroprotective effect. WT PLA2G6, but not PARK14 mutant PLA2G6, prevented rotenone-induced mitophagy impairment. In contrast to WT PLA2G6, PARK14 mutant PLA2G6 was ineffective in attenuating rotenone-induced decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and increase in the level of mitochondrial superoxide. WT PLA2G6, but not PARK14 PLA2G6 mutants, restored enzyme activity of mitochondrial complex I and cellular ATP content in rotenone-treated SH-SY5Y dopaminergic cells. In contrast to WT PLA2G6, PARK14 mutant PLA2G6 failed to prevent rotenone-induced mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and cytochrome c release. These results suggest that PARK14 PLA2G6 mutants lose their ability to maintain mitochondrial function and are defective inpreventing mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS production and activation of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in rotenone-induced cellular model of PD.
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Palavicini JP, Wang C, Chen L, Hosang K, Wang J, Tomiyama T, Mori H, Han X. Oligomeric amyloid-beta induces MAPK-mediated activation of brain cytosolic and calcium-independent phospholipase A 2 in a spatial-specific manner. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2017; 5:56. [PMID: 28750656 PMCID: PMC5530945 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-017-0460-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is histopathologically characterized by the build-up of fibrillar amyloid beta (Aβ) in the form of amyloid plaques and the development of intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles consisting of aggregated hyperphosphorylated Tau. Although amyloid fibrils were originally considered responsible for AD pathogenesis, recent convincing evidence strongly implicates soluble oligomeric Aβ as the primary neurotoxic species driving disease progression. A third largely ignored pathological hallmark, originally described by Alois Alzheimer, is the presence of "adipose inclusions", suggestive of aberrant lipid metabolism. The molecular mechanisms underlying these "lipoid granules", as well as their potential link to soluble and/or fibrillar Aβ remain largely unknown. Seeking to better-understand these conundrums, we took advantage of the powerful technology of multidimensional mass spectrometry-based shotgun lipidomics and an AD transgenic mouse model overexpressing mutant amyloid precursor protein (APP E693Δ-Osaka-), where AD-like pathology and neurodegeneration occur as a consequence of oligomeric Aβ accumulation in the absence of amyloid plaques. Our results revealed for the first time that APP overexpression and oligomeric Aβ accumulation lead to an additive global accumulation of nonesterified polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) independently of amyloid plaques. Furthermore, we revealed that this accumulation is mediated by an increase in phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity, evidenced by an accumulation of sn-1 lysophosphatidylcholine and by MAPK-mediated phosphorylation/activation of group IV Ca2+-dependent cytosolic (cPLA2) and the group VI Ca2+-independent PLA2 (iPLA2) independently of PKC. We further revealed that Aβ-induced oxidative stress also disrupts lipid metabolism via reactive oxygen species-mediated phospholipid cleavage leading to increased sn-2 lysophosphatidylcholine as well as lipid peroxidation and the subsequent accumulation of 4-hydroxynonenal. Brain histological studies implicated cPLA2 activity with arachidonic acid accumulation within myelin-rich regions, and iPLA2 activity with docosahexaenoic acid accumulation within pyramidal neuron-rich regions. Taken together, our results suggest that PLA2-mediated accumulation of free PUFAs drives AD-related disruption of brain lipid metabolism.
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Salomão RPA, Pedroso JL, Gama MTD, Dutra LA, Maciel RH, Godeiro-Junior C, Chien HF, Teive HAG, Cardoso F, Barsottini OGP. A diagnostic approach for neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation: clinical features, genetics and brain imaging. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2017; 74:587-96. [PMID: 27487380 DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x20160080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) represents a heterogeneous and complex group of inherited neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by excessive iron accumulation, particularly in the basal ganglia. Common clinical features of NBIA include movement disorders, particularly parkinsonism and dystonia, cognitive dysfunction, pyramidal signs, and retinal abnormalities. The forms of NBIA described to date include pantothenase kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN), phospholipase A2 associated neurodegeneration (PLAN), neuroferritinopathy, aceruloplasminemia, beta-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration (BPAN), Kufor-Rakeb syndrome, mitochondrial membrane protein-associated neurodegeneration (MPAN), fatty acid hydroxylase-associated neurodegeneration (FAHN), coenzyme A synthase protein-associated neurodegeneration (CoPAN) and Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome. This review is a diagnostic approach for NBIA cases, from clinical features and brain imaging findings to the genetic etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubens Paulo Araújo Salomão
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Neurologia, Divisão de Neurologia Geral, São Paulo SP, Brasil
| | - José Luiz Pedroso
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Neurologia, Divisão de Neurologia Geral, São Paulo SP, Brasil
| | - Maria Thereza Drumond Gama
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Neurologia, Divisão de Neurologia Geral, São Paulo SP, Brasil
| | - Lívia Almeida Dutra
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Neurologia, Divisão de Neurologia Geral, São Paulo SP, Brasil
| | - Ricardo Horta Maciel
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Clínica de Desordens do Movimento, Departmento de Neurologia, Belo Horizonte MG, Brasil
| | - Clécio Godeiro-Junior
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Unidade de Transtornos do Movimento, Departamento de Medicina Integrada, Natal RN, Brasil
| | - Hsin Fen Chien
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, São Paulo SP, Brasil
| | - Hélio A G Teive
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Hospital de Clínicas, Unidade de Desordens do Movimento, Curitiba PR, Brasil
| | - Francisco Cardoso
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Clínica de Desordens do Movimento, Departmento de Neurologia, Belo Horizonte MG, Brasil
| | - Orlando G P Barsottini
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Neurologia, Divisão de Neurologia Geral, São Paulo SP, Brasil
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