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Mogotsi MT, Ogunbayo AE, Bester PA, O'Neill HG, Nyaga MM. Longitudinal analysis of the enteric virome in paediatric subjects from the Free State Province, South Africa, reveals early gut colonisation and temporal dynamics. Virus Res 2024; 346:199403. [PMID: 38776984 PMCID: PMC11169482 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The gut of healthy neonates is devoid of viruses at birth, but rapidly becomes colonised by normal viral commensals that aid in important physiological functions like metabolism but can, in some instances, result in gastrointestinal illnesses. However, little is known about how this colonisation begins, its variability and factors shaping the gut virome composition. Thus, understanding the development, assembly, and progression of enteric viral communities over time is key. To explore early-life virome development, metagenomic sequencing was employed in faecal samples collected longitudinally from a cohort of 17 infants during their first six months of life. The gut virome analysis revealed a diverse and dynamic viral community, formed by a richness of different viruses infecting humans, non-human mammals, bacteria, and plants. Eukaryotic viruses were detected as early as one week of life, increasing in abundance and diversity over time. Most of the viruses detected are commonly associated with gastroenteritis and include members of the Caliciviridae, Picornaviridae, Astroviridae, Adenoviridae, and Sedoreoviridae families. The most common co-occurrences involved asymptomatic norovirus-parechovirus, norovirus-sapovirus, sapovirus-parechovirus, observed in at least 40 % of the samples. Majority of the plant-derived viruses detected in the infants' gut were from the Virgaviridae family. This study demonstrates the first longitudinal characterisation of the gastrointestinal virome in infants, from birth up to 6 months of age, in sub-Saharan Africa. Overall, the findings from this study delineate the composition and variability of the healthy infants' gut virome over time, which is a significant step towards understanding the dynamics and biogeography of viral communities in the infant gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Tshidiso Mogotsi
- Next Generation Sequencing Unit and Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Ayodeji Emmanuel Ogunbayo
- Next Generation Sequencing Unit and Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Phillip Armand Bester
- Division of Virology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Hester Gertruida O'Neill
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Martin Munene Nyaga
- Next Generation Sequencing Unit and Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa.
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Fei-Zhou Z, Mei-Xia H, Xiaofen T, Lei W, Xuan J, Lan-Fang T. Plastic bronchitis associated with human bocavirus 1 infection in children. Pediatr Pulmonol 2024. [PMID: 38869182 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.27113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plastic bronchitis (PB) is a clinical-pathological syndrome characterized by the abnormal accumulation of endogenous substances in the bronchial airways, causing partial or complete obstruction and resulting in impaired lung ventilation. METHODS In this retrospective analysis, we aim to summarize the clinical manifestations, imaging characteristics, diagnostic methods, and treatment approaches to enhance clinicians' ability to detect children who are infected with human bocavirus 1 (hBoV 1) and develop PB. RESULTS In the period from January 2021 to January 2024, a total of six hBoV 1 infection children were diagnosed with PB through bronchoscopy. The onset of the condition was mainly concentrated between June and December. The detection methods used included metagenomic next-generation sequencing for pathogen identification (three cases) and respiratory pathogen nucleic acid 13-plex detection (oropharyngeal swab) (three cases), both of which confirmed the presence of hBoV 1. Out of the six children with PB, two were girls and four were boys. Their ages ranged from 10 months to 4 years old. Common symptoms reported by all patients included fever, cough, and wheezing. Chest high-resolution computed tomography scans revealed atelectasis in six cases, in addition to pneumonia. After the removal of the plastic bronchi via bronchoscopy, the airway obstruction symptoms in the children were relieved, and no recurrence was observed during the follow-up period. Pathological findings indicated cellulose exudation and inflammatory cell infiltration, consistent with nonlymphatic PB. CONCLUSION When children infected with hBoV 1 exhibit persistent or worsening symptoms such as cough, fever, and wheezing despite treatment, clinicians should remain highly vigilant for the potential occurrence of PB. Bronchoscopy plays a crucial role not only in diagnosing the presence of a plastic bronchus but also in effectively treating PB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Fei-Zhou
- Department of Pulmonology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huang Mei-Xia
- Department of Pulmonology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Xiaofen
- Department of Pulmonology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wu Lei
- Department of Pulmonology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Xuan
- Department of Radiology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tang Lan-Fang
- Department of Pulmonology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Qian W, Wang X, Wang T, Huang J, Zhang Q, Li Y, Chen S. Development of RPA-Cas12a-fluorescence assay for rapid and reliable detection of human bocavirus 1. Animal Model Exp Med 2024; 7:179-188. [PMID: 36794352 PMCID: PMC11079142 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Human bocavirus (HBoV) 1 is considered an important pathogen that mainly affects infants aged 6-24 months, but preventing viral transmission in resource-limited regions through rapid and affordable on-site diagnosis of individuals with early infection of HBoV1 remains somewhat challenging. Herein, we present a novel faster, lower cost, reliable method for the detection of HBoV1, which integrates a recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assay with the CRISPR/Cas12a system, designated the RPA-Cas12a-fluorescence assay. The RPA-Cas12a-fluorescence system can specifically detect target gene levels as low as 0.5 copies of HBoV1 plasmid DNA per microliter within 40 min at 37°C without the need for sophisticated instruments. The method also demonstrates excellent specificity without cross-reactivity to non-target pathogens. Furthermore, the method was appraised using 28 clinical samples, and displayed high accuracy with positive and negative predictive agreement of 90.9% and 100%, respectively. Therefore, our proposed rapid and sensitive HBoV1 detection method, the RPA-Cas12a-fluorescence assay, shows promising potential for early on-site diagnosis of HBoV1 infection in the fields of public health and health care. The established RPA-Cas12a-fluorescence assay is rapid and reliable method for human bocavirus 1 detection. The RPA-Cas12a-fluorescence assay can be completed within 40 min with robust specificity and sensitivity of 0.5 copies/μl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Qian
- School of Food and Biological EngineeringShaanxi University of Science and TechnologyXi'anP. R. China
| | - Xuefei Wang
- School of Food and Biological EngineeringShaanxi University of Science and TechnologyXi'anP. R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Food and Biological EngineeringShaanxi University of Science and TechnologyXi'anP. R. China
| | - Jie Huang
- School of Food and Biological EngineeringShaanxi University of Science and TechnologyXi'anP. R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of DermatologyHuazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen HospitalShenzhenP. R. China
| | - Yongdong Li
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and PreventionNingboP. R. China
| | - Si Chen
- Medical College of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
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Peng L, Yang F, Shi J, Pan L, Liu Y, Mao D, Luo Y. Molecular characterization of human bocavirus in municipal wastewaters using amplicon target sequencing. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170674. [PMID: 38316309 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Human bocavirus (HBoV) is an emerging health concern worldwide, associated with range of clinical manifestations, including gastroenteritis and respiratory infections. Therefore, it is crucial to comprehend and minimize their prevalence in different systems. In this study, we conducted regular sampling throughout the year in two different sizes and work processes of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Tianjin, China. Our objective was to investigate the occurrence, prevalence, and endurance of HBoV in wastewater, while also evaluating the efficacy of amplicon target sequencing in directly detecting HBoV in wastewater. At two WWTPs, HBoV2 (45.51 %-45.67 %) and HBoV3 (38.30 %-40.25 %) were the most common genotypes identified, and the mean concentration range of HBoV was 2.54-7.40 log10 equivalent copies/l as determined by multiplex real-time quantitative PCR assay. A positive rate of HBoV was found in 96.6 % (29/30) samples of A-WWTP, and 96.6 % (26/27) samples of B-WWTP. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the nucleotide similarity between the HBoV DNA sequences to the reference HBoV sequences published globally ranged from 90.14 %-100 %. A significant variation in the read abundance of HBoV2 and HBoV3 in two wastewater treatment plants (p < 0.05) was detected, specifically in the Winter and Summer seasons. The findings revealed a strong correlation between the genotypes detected in wastewater and the clinical data across various regions in China. In addition, it is worth mentioning that HBoV4 was exclusively detected in wastewater and not found in the clinical samples from patients. This study highlights the high prevalence of human bocavirus in municipal wastewater. This finding illustrates that amplicon target sequencing can amplify a wide variety of viruses, enabling the identification of newly discovered viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Peng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Fengxia Yang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China.
| | - Jingliang Shi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Liuzhu Pan
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yixin Liu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Daqing Mao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yi Luo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing university, Nanjing 210093, China.
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de Faria Gonçalves A, Anjos D, de Oliveira Peixoto FA, Franco FC, Silva-Sales M, Fiaccadori FS, Porto PS, Souza M. Bocaparvovirus in infants hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit in Midwest Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic (2021-2022). Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:315-322. [PMID: 38019412 PMCID: PMC10920594 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01184-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Human bocaparvoviruses (HBoVs) belong to the Parvoviridae family, being currently classified into four species (HBoV1-4). These viruses have been found in association with respiratory and gastroenteric symptoms, as well as in asymptomatic individuals. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of HBoVs in infants under 5 months old admitted to a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) during the COVID-19 pandemic (between March 2021 and March 2022). Clinical samples (nasopharyngeal swab, serum, stool, and urine) were screened by qPCR TaqMan. The HBoV was detected in samples of 31.6% (12/38) of participants. The most frequent alteration among the HBoV-positive neonates was the chest X-ray with interstitial infiltrate, followed by tachycardia and vomiting. Viral DNA was detected in more than one type of clinical sample in three of the participants in association with respiratory symptoms. Two participants had positive stool samples with or without enteric symptoms. HBoV intermittent and continuous positivity patterns were observed. The present study stands out for the prospective evaluation of positivity for HBoV in different types of clinical samples from a population of hospitalized infants. Our data supports circulation of HBoV in nosocomial environment during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline de Faria Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Virologia e Cultivo Celular, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rua 235, s/n, Sala 420, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, 74605050, Brazil
| | - Déborah Anjos
- Laboratório de Virologia e Cultivo Celular, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rua 235, s/n, Sala 420, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, 74605050, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Craveiro Franco
- Laboratório de Virologia e Cultivo Celular, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rua 235, s/n, Sala 420, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, 74605050, Brazil
| | - Marcelle Silva-Sales
- Laboratório de Virologia e Cultivo Celular, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rua 235, s/n, Sala 420, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, 74605050, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Souza Fiaccadori
- Laboratório de Virologia e Cultivo Celular, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rua 235, s/n, Sala 420, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, 74605050, Brazil
| | - Pedro Soares Porto
- Laboratório de Virologia e Cultivo Celular, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rua 235, s/n, Sala 420, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, 74605050, Brazil
| | - Menira Souza
- Laboratório de Virologia e Cultivo Celular, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rua 235, s/n, Sala 420, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, 74605050, Brazil.
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Colazo Salbetti MB, Boggio GA, Moreno L, Adamo MP. Human bocavirus respiratory infection: Tracing the path from viral replication and virus-cell interactions to diagnostic methods. Rev Med Virol 2023; 33:e2482. [PMID: 37749807 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Human bocaviruses were first described between 2005 and 2010, identified in respiratory and enteric tract samples of children. Screening studies have shown worldwide distribution. Based on phylogenetic analysis, they were classified into four genotypes (HBoV1-4). From a clinical perspective, human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) is considered the most relevant, since it can cause upper and lower acute respiratory tract infection, mainly in infants, including common cold, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia, as well as wheezing in susceptible patients. However, the specific processes leading to structural, biochemical, and functional changes resulting in the different clinical presentations have not been elucidated yet. This review surveys the interactions between the virus and target cells that can potentially explain disease-causing mechanisms. It also summarises the clinical phenotype of cases, stressing the role of HBoV1 as an aetiological agent of lower acute respiratory infection in infants, together with laboratory tests for detection and diagnosis. By exploring the current knowledge on the epidemiology of HBoV1, insights into the complex scenario of paediatric respiratory infections are presented, as well as the potential effects that changes in the circulation can have on the dynamics of respiratory agents, spotlighting the benefits of comprehensively increase insights into incidence, interrelationships with co-circulating agents and potential control of HBoV1.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Colazo Salbetti
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Amilcar Boggio
- Cátedra de Clínica Pediátrica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Laura Moreno
- Cátedra de Clínica Pediátrica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - María Pilar Adamo
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Cordoba, Argentina
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De R, Xu YP, Wang F, Zhou YT, Shi PD, Zhu RN, Sun Y, Liu LY, Jia LP, Dong HJ, Zhao H, Qin CF, Zhao LQ. Human bocavirus 1 and 2 genotype-specific antibodies for rapid antigen testing in pediatric patients with acute respiratory infections. World J Pediatr 2023; 19:1009-1016. [PMID: 36811744 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-023-00697-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous serological studies of human bocavirus (HBoV) 1 could not exclude cross-reactivity with the other three HBoVs, particularly HBoV2. METHODS To search for genotype-specific antibodies against HBoV1 and HBoV2, the divergent regions (DRs) located on the major capsid protein VP3 were defined through viral amino acid alignment and structure prediction. DR-deduced peptides were used as antigens to harvest corresponding anti-DR rabbit sera. To determine their genotype specificities for HBoV1 and HBoV2, these sera samples were used as antibodies against the antigens VP3 of HBoV1 and HBoV2 (expressed in Escherichia coli) in western blotting (WB), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and bio-layer interferometry (BLI) assays. Subsequently, the antibodies were evaluated with clinical specimens from pediatric patients with acute respiratory tract infection by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). RESULTS There were four DRs (DR1-4) located on VP3 with different secondary and tertiary structures between HBoV1 and HBoV2. Regarding the reactivity with VP3 of HBoV1 or HBoV2 in WB and ELISA, high intra-genotype cross-reactivity of anti-HBoV1 or HBoV2 DR1, DR3, and DR4, but not anti-DR2, was observed. Genotype-specific binding capacity of anti-DR2 sera was confirmed by BLI and IFA, in which only anti-HBoV1 DR2 antibody reacted with HBoV1-positive respiratory specimens. CONCLUSION Antibodies against DR2, located on VP3 of HBoV1 or HBoV2, were genotype specific for HBoV1 and HBoV2, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ri De
- Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yan-Peng Xu
- Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yu-Tong Zhou
- Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Pan-Deng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Ru-Nan Zhu
- Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Li-Ying Liu
- Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Li-Ping Jia
- Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Hui-Jin Dong
- Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Cheng-Feng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Lin-Qing Zhao
- Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China.
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Cerato JA, da Silva EF, Porto BN. Breaking Bad: Inflammasome Activation by Respiratory Viruses. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:943. [PMID: 37508374 PMCID: PMC10376673 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat-containing receptor (NLR) family is a group of intracellular sensors activated in response to harmful stimuli, such as invading pathogens. Some NLR family members form large multiprotein complexes known as inflammasomes, acting as a platform for activating the caspase-1-induced canonical inflammatory pathway. The canonical inflammasome pathway triggers the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 by the rapid rupture of the plasma cell membrane, subsequently causing an inflammatory cell death program known as pyroptosis, thereby halting viral replication and removing infected cells. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of inflammasome activation in the response against respiratory viral infections, such as influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). While inflammasome activity can contribute to the resolution of respiratory virus infections, dysregulated inflammasome activity can also exacerbate immunopathology, leading to tissue damage and hyperinflammation. In this review, we summarize how different respiratory viruses trigger inflammasome pathways and what harmful effects the inflammasome exerts along with its antiviral immune response during viral infection in the lungs. By understanding the crosstalk between invading pathogens and inflammasome regulation, new therapeutic strategies can be exploited to improve the outcomes of respiratory viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A. Cerato
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada; (J.A.C.); (E.F.d.S.)
| | - Emanuelle F. da Silva
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada; (J.A.C.); (E.F.d.S.)
| | - Barbara N. Porto
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada; (J.A.C.); (E.F.d.S.)
- Biology of Breathing Group, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
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9
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Nozarian Z, Abedidoust S, Gharib A, Safavi M, Khazaeli M, Vasei M. Detection of Human Boca Virus in Gastric Adenocarcinoma. Middle East J Dig Dis 2023; 15:156-161. [PMID: 38023466 PMCID: PMC10660320 DOI: 10.34172/mejdd.2023.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Human bocavirus (HBoV), a recently isolated virus, has been investigated for its role in many respiratory and enteric diseases. Few studies have reported its presence in solid tumors, such as lung and colon cancers. The aim of this study was to detect the presence of the HBoV1 genome in gastric adenocarcinoma, which has not yet been evaluated. Methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks of 189 gastric tumors and 50 blocks of non-tumor gastric tissue products from elective weight reduction operations were collected. DNA extraction and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed for HBoV1 detection. DNA sequencing was performed using ABI Genetic Analyzer series 3500. Results: The mean age of the patients was 60±13.33 years. Tumors were more common in males than females (2.5/1). HBoV1 PCR was positive in 34 (18%) cases of GC and 10 (20%) cases of chronic gastritis (P>0.05). There was no association between age, sex, stage, and histologic subtype of the tumor and HBoV1 positivity (P>0.05) in tumor samples. The rate of intestinal metaplasia and presence of lymphoid stroma were also not more frequent in HBoV1-positive tumors (P>0.05). Conclusion: The HBoV1 can be detected in a relatively high proportion of Iranian patients with gastric cancer (18%) with no predilection for specific subtypes and no association with the degree of lymphocytic infiltration. HBoV1 can also be observed in approximately 20% of chronic gastritis cases. Further comprehensive studies are needed to elucidate the role of HBoV1 in gastric cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Nozarian
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Cytogenetics, Farabi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Abedidoust
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Cytogenetics, Children’s Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atoosa Gharib
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Cytogenetics, Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moeinadin Safavi
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Cytogenetics, Children’s Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Khazaeli
- Department of Pathology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Vasei
- Cell-based Therapies Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Arunasalam S, Pattiyakumbura T, Shihab SR, Muthugala R, Noordeen F. Demographic and clinical characteristics of human bocavirus-1 infection in patients with acute respiratory tract infections during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Central Province of Sri Lanka. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:425. [PMID: 37349687 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08312-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human bocavirus-1 (hBoV-1) was first detected in respiratory specimens in 2005. Due to high co-infection rates and prolonged shedding of the virus, the pathogenic role of hBoV-1 as a primary causative agent of respiratory infections is still under discussion. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hBoV-1 infection in patients with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Central Province of Sri Lanka. METHODS A total of 1021 patients (Age 12 days to ≤ 85 years) with ARTI symptoms including fever, cough, cold, sore throat and shortness of breath within first 7 days of the illness were included. The study was carried out at the National Hospital, Kandy, Sri Lanka from January 2021 to October 2022. Respiratory specimens were tested to detect 23 pathogens including hBoV-1 using a real time PCR. Prevalence of hBoV-1 co-infections with other respiratory pathogens and distribution of hBoV-1 infection among different age groups were determined. Moreover, clinical and demographic characteristics of hBoV-1 mono-infection associated ARTI were compared with that of the hBoV-1 co-infections. RESULTS Respiratory infections were detected in 51.5% (526/1021) of the patients and of these 82.5% were mono- and 17.1% were co-infections. hBoV-1 was detected in 66 patients and this was the most prevalent respiratory virus associated with 40% co-infections. Of the 66 hBoV-1 positive patients, 36 had co-infections and of these 33 had dual and 3 had triple infections. Most of the hBoV-1 co-infections were identified in children aged 2-<5 years. hBoV-1 co-infections were most frequently detected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and Rhino/ Entero viruses (Rh/EnV). No differences were observed in age, gender and clinical presentations in those with hBoV-1 mono- compared to co-infections. Intensive care admissions were less among hBoV-1 mono-infected than hBoV-1 co-infected patients. CONCLUSION This study shows a prevalence of 12.5% for hBoV-1 infections in patients with ARTI. RSV and Rh/EnV were the most common co-infecting pathogens with hBoV-1. Clinical features of hBoV-1 mono-infections were not different to that of the hBoV-1 co-infections. Interactions between hBoV-1 and other respiratory pathogens need investigation to identify the role of hBoV-1 in clinical severity of co-infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyamalee Arunasalam
- Diagnostic and Research Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Sibra Rm Shihab
- Diagnostic and Research Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Rohitha Muthugala
- Virology Laboratory, National Hospital Kandy, Kandy, 20000, Sri Lanka
| | - Faseeha Noordeen
- Diagnostic and Research Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka.
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11
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Mohammadi M. HBoV-1: virus structure, genomic features, life cycle, pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis and clinical manifestations. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1198127. [PMID: 37265497 PMCID: PMC10229813 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1198127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The single-stranded DNA virus known as human bocavirus 1 (HBoV-1) is an icosahedral, linear member of the Parvoviridae family. In 2005, it was discovered in nasopharyngeal samples taken from kids who had respiratory tract illnesses. The HBoV genome is 4.7-5.7 kb in total length. The HBoV genome comprises three open-reading frames (ORF1, ORF2, and ORF3) that express structural proteins (VP1, VP2, and VP3), viral non-coding RNA, and non-structural proteins (NS1, NS1-70, NS2, NS3, and NP1) (BocaSR). The NS1 and NP1 are crucial for viral DNA replication and are substantially conserved proteins. Replication of the HBoV-1 genome in non-dividing, polarized airway epithelial cells. In vitro, HBoV-1 infects human airway epithelial cells that are strongly differentiated or polarized. Young children who have HBoV-1 are at risk for developing a wide range of respiratory illnesses, such as the common cold, acute otitis media, pneumonia, and bronchiolitis. The most common clinical symptoms are wheezing, coughing, dyspnea, and rhinorrhea. After infection, HBoV-1 DNA can continue to be present in airway secretions for months. The prevalence of coinfections is considerable, and the clinical symptoms can be more severe than those linked to mono-infections. HBoV-1 is frequently detected in combination with other pathogens in various reports. The fecal-oral and respiratory pathways are more likely to be used for HBoV-1 transmission. HBoV-1 is endemic; it tends to peak in the winter and spring. This Review summarizes the knowledge on HBoV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Mohammadi
- Social Security Organization, Isfahan, Iran
- Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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12
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Trindade FDTB, Ramos ESF, Lobo PS, Cardoso JF, Penha Júnior ET, Bezerra DAM, Neves MAO, Andrade JAA, Moraes Silva MC, Mascarenhas JDP, Guerra SFS, Soares LS. Epidemiologic and Clinical Characteristics of Human Bocavirus Infection in Children with or without Acute Gastroenteritis in Acre, Northern Brazil. Viruses 2023; 15:v15041024. [PMID: 37113004 PMCID: PMC10143463 DOI: 10.3390/v15041024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human bocavirus (HBoV) is an emerging virus detected around the world that may be associated with cases of acute gastroenteritis (AGE). However, its contribution to AGE has not been elucidated. This study aimed to describe the frequency, clinical features, and HBoV species circulation in children up to 5 years with or without AGE symptoms in Acre, Northern Brazil. A total of 480 stool samples were collected between January and December 2012. Fecal samples were used for extraction, nested PCR amplification, and sequencing for genotyping. Statistical analysis was applied to verify the association between epidemiological and clinical characteristics. Overall, HBoV-positivity was 10% (48/480), with HBoV-positive rates of 8.4% (19/226) and 11.4% (29/254) recorded in diarrheic and non-diarrheic children, respectively. The most affected children were in the age group ranging between 7 and 24 months (50%). HBoV infection was more frequent in children who live in urban areas (85.4%), use water from public networks (56.2%), and live with adequate sewage facilities (50%). Co-detection with other enteric viruses was 16.7% (8/48) and the most prevalent coinfection was RVA+ HBoV (50%, 4/8). HBoV-1 was the most frequent species detected in diarrheic and non-diarrheic children, responsible for 43.8% (21/48) of cases, followed by HBoV-3 (29.2%, 14/48) and HBoV-2 (25%, 12/48). In this study, HBoV infection was not always associated with AGE, as most HBoV cases belonged to the non-diarrheal group. Future studies are warranted in order to determine the role of HBoV in causing acute diarrhea disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábyla D' Tácia Brito Trindade
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology and Health Surveillance, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente-IEC/SVSA/MS, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Endrya Socorro Foro Ramos
- Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente-IEC/SVSA/MS, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Santos Lobo
- Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente-IEC/SVSA/MS, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Jedson Ferreira Cardoso
- Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente-IEC/SVSA/MS, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Edvaldo Tavares Penha Júnior
- Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente-IEC/SVSA/MS, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Delana Andreza Melo Bezerra
- Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente-IEC/SVSA/MS, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Mayara Annanda Oliveira Neves
- Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente-IEC/SVSA/MS, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Monica Cristina Moraes Silva
- Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente-IEC/SVSA/MS, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Joana D'Arc Pereira Mascarenhas
- Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente-IEC/SVSA/MS, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Sylvia Fátima Santos Guerra
- Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente-IEC/SVSA/MS, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Luana Silva Soares
- Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente-IEC/SVSA/MS, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
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13
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Zanella MC, Vu DL, Hosszu-Fellous K, Neofytos D, Van Delden C, Turin L, Poncet A, Simonetta F, Masouridi-Levrat S, Chalandon Y, Cordey S, Kaiser L. Longitudinal Detection of Twenty DNA and RNA Viruses in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients Plasma. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040928. [PMID: 37112908 PMCID: PMC10142697 DOI: 10.3390/v15040928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metagenomics revealed novel and routinely overlooked viruses, representing sources of unrecognized infections after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). We aim to describe DNA and RNA virus prevalence and kinetics in allo-HSCT recipients' plasma for one year post HSCT. We included 109 adult patients with first allo-HSCT from 1 March 2017 to 31 January 2019 in this observational cohort study. Seventeen DNA and three RNA viral species were screened with qualitative and/or quantitative r(RT)-PCR assays using plasma samples collected at 0, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post HSCT. TTV infected 97% of patients, followed by HPgV-1 (prevalence: 26-36%). TTV (median 3.29 × 105 copies/mL) and HPgV-1 (median 1.18 × 106 copies/mL) viral loads peaked at month 3. At least one Polyomaviridae virus (BKPyV, JCPyV, MCPyV, HPyV6/7) was detected in >10% of patients. HPyV6 and HPyV7 prevalence reached 27% and 12% at month 3; CMV prevalence reached 27%. HSV, VZV, EBV, HHV-7, HAdV and B19V prevalence remained <5%. HPyV9, TSPyV, HBoV, EV and HPg-V2 were never detected. At month 3, 72% of patients had co-infections. TTV and HPgV-1 infections were highly prevalent. BKPyV, MCPyV and HPyV6/7 were frequently detected relative to classical culprits. Further investigation is needed into associations between these viral infections and immune reconstitution or clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Céline Zanella
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Diem-Lan Vu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Krisztina Hosszu-Fellous
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dionysios Neofytos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Chistian Van Delden
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lara Turin
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Poncet
- Center for Clinical Research, Department of Health and Community Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Health and Community Medicine, University Hospital of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Federico Simonetta
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Hematology, Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stavroula Masouridi-Levrat
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Hematology, Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yves Chalandon
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Hematology, Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Cordey
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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14
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Molecular characterization and clinical impact of human bocavirus at a tertiary hospital in Barcelona (Catalonia, Spain) during the 2014–2017 seasons. Infection 2022:10.1007/s15010-022-01955-z. [DOI: 10.1007/s15010-022-01955-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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do Nascimento LG, Sarmento SK, Leonardo R, Gutierrez MB, Malta FC, de Oliveira JM, Guerra CR, Coutinho R, Miagostovich MP, Fumian TM. Detection and Molecular Characterization of Enteric Viruses in Bivalve Mollusks Collected in Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112359. [PMID: 36366459 PMCID: PMC9695388 DOI: 10.3390/v14112359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral bivalve contamination is a recognized food safety hazard. Therefore, this study investigated the detection rates, seasonality, quantification, and genetic diversity of enteric viruses in bivalve samples (mussels and oysters). We collected 97 shellfish samples between March 2018 and February 2020. The screening of samples by qPCR or RT-qPCR revealed the detection of norovirus (42.3%), rotavirus A (RVA; 16.5%), human adenovirus (HAdV; 24.7%), and human bocavirus (HBoV; 13.4%). There was no detection of hepatitis A virus. In total, 58.8% of shellfish samples tested positive for one or more viruses, with 42.1% of positive samples contaminated with two or more viruses. Norovirus showed the highest median viral load (3.3 × 106 GC/g), followed by HAdV (median of 3.5 × 104 GC/g), RVA (median of 1.5 × 103 GC/g), and HBoV (median of 1.3 × 103 GC/g). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that norovirus strains belonged to genotype GII.12[P16], RVA to genotype I2, HAdV to types -C2, -C5, and -F40, and HBoV to genotypes -1 and -2. Our results demonstrate the viral contamination of bivalves, emphasizing the need for virological monitoring programs to ensure the quality and safety of shellfish for human consumption and as a valuable surveillance tool to monitor emerging viruses and novel variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Gonçalves do Nascimento
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sylvia Kahwage Sarmento
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Raphael Leonardo
- Laboratory of Viral Morphology and Morphogenesis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Meylin Bautista Gutierrez
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fábio Correia Malta
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Mendes de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Technological Development in Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Caroline Rezende Guerra
- Laboratory of Marine Genetics, Department of Marine Biotechnology, Sea Studies Institute Admiral Paulo Moreira (IEAPM), Arraial do Cabo 28930-000, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Coutinho
- Laboratory of Marine Genetics, Department of Marine Biotechnology, Sea Studies Institute Admiral Paulo Moreira (IEAPM), Arraial do Cabo 28930-000, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marize Pereira Miagostovich
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tulio Machado Fumian
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-21-2562-1817
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16
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Kennedy EA, Holtz LR. Gut virome in early life: origins and implications. Curr Opin Virol 2022; 55:101233. [PMID: 35690009 PMCID: PMC9575407 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The human body is colonized by a multitude of bacteria, fungi, and viruses, which play important roles in health and disease. Microbial colonization during early life is thought to be a particularly important period with lasting consequences for health. Viral populations in the gut are particularly dynamic in early life before they stabilize in adulthood. The composition of the early-life virome is increasingly recognized as a determinant of disease later in life. Here, we review the development of the virome in healthy infants, as well as the role of the early-life virome in the development of disease states including diarrhea, malnutrition, and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Kennedy
- Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lori R Holtz
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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17
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De R, Zhang KX, Wang F, Zhou YT, Sun Y, Chen DM, Zhu RN, Guo Q, Liu S, Qu D, Qian Y, Zhao LQ. Human bocavirus 1 is a genuine pathogen for acute respiratory tract infection in pediatric patients determined by nucleic acid, antigen, and serology tests. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:932858. [PMID: 35966673 PMCID: PMC9372409 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.932858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1), first discovered in 2005, was positive in symptomatic and healthy children and co-detected with other respiratory viruses. It is a long journey to decisively demonstrate the unique viral pathogenic function of acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) in pediatric patients. Methods Respiratory specimens collected from pediatric patients with ARTI from January 2017 to December 2021 were screened by a capillary electrophoresis-based multiplex PCR (CEMP) assay, then genotyped by PCR and sequencing for HBoV1. For the antigen test, a part of HBoV1 DNA positive nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) was used as an antigen, while a rabbit anti-HBoV1 DR2 specific to HBoV1 was used as an antibody in the indirect-immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Finally, the levels of IgG specific to HBoV1 in acute and convalescent sera selected retrospectively from only HBoV1 DNA-positive patients were evaluated by IFA. Results Among 9,899 specimens, 681 were positive for HBoV1 DNA (6.88%, 681/9899), which included 336 positives only for HBoV1 (49.34%, 336/681) and 345 (50.66%, 345/681) positives also for other pathogens. In the antigen test, there were 37 among 47 NPAs determined as HBoV1 antigen-positive (78.72%, 37/47), including 18 (48.65%, 18/37) positives solely for HBoV1 DNA. Among 4 pediatric patients with both acute and convalescent sera, there was one positive for HBoV1 antigen (D8873) and 2 lack the antigen results (D1474 and D10792), which showed seroconversion with a ≥ 4-fold increase in IgG levels. Conclusions The combination results of nucleic acid, antigen, and serology tests answered that HBoV1 is a genuine pathogen for ARTI in pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ri De
- Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ke-Xiang Zhang
- Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Tong Zhou
- Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Mei Chen
- Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Ru-Nan Zhu
- Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Qu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Qian
- Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Lin-Qing Zhao
- Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lin-Qing Zhao
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18
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David EDS, Fonseca EDC, de Carvalho JFN, Marinho RDSS, Duro RLS, Komninakis SV, Souto RNP. Metagenomics applied to the detection of diarrhea viruses in humans: Systematic Review. Acta Trop 2022; 227:106287. [PMID: 34929178 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To analyze the application of the metagenomics method in the identification of viral infectious agents that lead to diarrhea outbreaks. This study is a systematic review, which looked for publications on the following platforms: PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), LILACS and CAPES periodicals, conducted according to the PRISMA methodology, investigating in the literary composition studies related to metagenomics applied in the identification of viral infectious agents, which lead to diarrhea in humans. 1198 publications were identified. Of these, after analyzes and exclusions at different stages, 18 studies remained, which directly corresponded to the theme. Diarrhea was presented as a universal health concern. Despite the emergence of vaccines, cases of diarrhea remain persistent in poor populations. In this context, metagenomics emerges as a primary tool in detecting enteric viruses and identifying new viruses, revolutionizing health diagnoses, knowledge of viral diversity, and health surveillance, contributing to the correct etiology of infectious agents that would never be identified by conventional methods. The 18 articles studied point to advances in research in viral metagenomics of diarrheal samples, contributing to the discernment of diarrhea outbreaks, and properly associating with their etiological agents, they are presented in an innovative way for studies on the understanding of viral diversity.
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He W, Gao Y, Wen Y, Ke X, Ou Z, Fu J, Cheng M, Mo Y, Chen Q. Ungulate bocaparvovirus 4 and rodent bocavirus are different genotypes of the same species of virus. Virol Sin 2022; 37:215-222. [PMID: 35527226 PMCID: PMC9170977 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiao He
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yuhan Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yuqi Wen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xuemei Ke
- Xiamen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Zejin Ou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jiaqi Fu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Mingji Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yun Mo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Alkhalf H, Almutairi AR, Almutairi A, Almutairi RK, AlGhnam S, Aljohani S, Alqanatish JT, Babiker A. Prevalence and Clinical Characterization of Bocavirus Infection in a Specialized Children's Hospital in Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2022; 14:e22127. [PMID: 35308707 PMCID: PMC8918207 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and clinical characterization of bocavirus infection in patients admitted with respiratory symptoms to a specialized children’s hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods This is a retrospective cross-sectional study that included children aged 0-14 years and was conducted over a two-year period (2017-2019). All data were gathered from an electronic information recording system, which included patients’ demographics, comorbidities, clinical presentation, complication, and duration of hospitalization. Results Among all patients (11,709) admitted to King Abdullah Specialized Children’s Hospital with predominant respiratory symptoms during the study period, 193 (1.6%) patients had bocavirus infections. Most of the patients were diagnosed in winter months. Cough was the primary presenting symptom (91.7%) followed by fever (83.4%). Gastrointestinal symptoms were also common (anorexia in 62% and vomiting in 39%). In 80% (n=154/193) of cases, bocavirus co-existed with other viruses, namely, human rhinovirus (45.8%), human adenovirus (31.2%), and respiratory syncytial virus type A (17.5%). Moreover, those who required oxygen supply stayed longer in the hospital (p<0.001) and were more likely to receive multiple medications such as bronchodilators (p<0.001), corticosteroids (p<0.001), and nebulized racemic epinephrine (p>0.05). Children infected with bocavirus and co-existing viruses were less likely to require oxygen supply (p<0.050). Conclusion Bocavirus infection is more common during winter months and predominantly affects respiratory and gastrointestinal systems in children. More studies are needed to evaluate the global impact of this recently recognized infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad Alkhalf
- General Pediatric, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences College of Medicine, Riyadh, SAU.,Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz Medical City Riyadh, Riyadh, SAU.,Pediatrics, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, SAU
| | | | - Abeer Almutairi
- Pediatrics, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences College of Medicine, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Reem K Almutairi
- Nursing, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Suliman AlGhnam
- Population Health, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Sameera Aljohani
- Infectious Diseases, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences College of Medicine, Riyadh, SAU.,Infectious Diseases, King Abdulaziz Medical City Riyadh, Riyadh, SAU.,Infectious Diseases, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Jubran T Alqanatish
- Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz Medical City and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU.,Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz Medical City Riyadh, Riyadh, SAU.,Pediatrics, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Amir Babiker
- Pediatric, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences College of Medicine, Riyadh, SAU.,Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz Medical City Riyadh, Riyadh, SAU.,Pediatrics, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, SAU
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Liao J, Yang Z, He Y, Wei J, Ren L, Liu E, Zang N. Respiratory tract infection of fatal severe human bocavirus 1 in a 13-month-old child: A case report and literature review. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:949817. [PMID: 36605757 PMCID: PMC9808049 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.949817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) belongs to the family Parvoviridae and it is acknowledged that HBoV1 is a respiratory pathogen. We report the case of a 13-month-old boy who presented with a cough, shortness of breath, and wheezing, and who eventually died of severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Metagenomics next-generation sequencing (mNGS) showed that HBoV1 was the only detected pathogen. The nasopharyngeal aspirate viral load was 2.08 × 1010 copies/ml and the serum viral load was 2.37 × 105 copies/ml. The child was still oxygen deficient under mechanical ventilation. Chest imaging suggested diffuse lesions in both lungs, an injury caused by ARDS. In this case, the clinical symptoms and signs of the child, the high viral load, viremia, and the detection of mNGS in the tracheal aspirate all supported that HBoV1 could cause severe acute respiratory tract infection in children without other pathogen infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongying Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianhua Wei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Luo Ren
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Enmei Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Na Zang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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22
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Viral metagenomics reveals diverse viruses in the fecal samples of children with diarrhea. Virol Sin 2022; 37:82-93. [PMID: 35234620 PMCID: PMC8922427 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diarrhea is the third leading cause of death in developing countries in children under the age of five. About half a million children die of diarrhea every year, most of which in developing countries. Viruses are the main pathogen of diarrhea. In China, the fecal virome of children with diarrhea has been rarely studied. Using an unbiased viral metagenomics approach, we analyzed the fecal virome in children with diarrhea. Many DNA or RNA viruses associated with diarrhea identified in those fecal samples were mainly from six families of Adenoviridae, Astroviridae, Caliciviridae, Parvoviridae, Picornaviridae, and Reoviridae. Among them, the family of Caliciviridae accounts for the largest proportion of 78.42%, following with Adenoviridae (8.94%) and Picornaviridae (8.36%). In addition to those diarrhea-related viruses that have already been confirmed to cause human diarrhea, the viruses not associated with diarrhea were also identified including anellovirus and picobirnavirus. This study increased our understanding of diarrheic children fecal virome and provided valuable information for the prevention and treatment of viral diarrhea in this area. Many DNA or RNA viruses associated with diarrhea were identified in this study. Viruses belonging to the family of Caliciviridae were the most main pathogen that induced children diarrhea. In addition to those diarrhea-related viruses, the viruses not associated with diarrhea were also identified.
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Polo D, Lema A, Gándara E, Romalde JL. Prevalence of human bocavirus infections in Europe. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:2451-2461. [PMID: 34250765 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human bocaviruses (HBoVs) are recently described as human emergent viruses, especially in young children. In this study, we undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate their prevalence in Europe. PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases were systematically screened for clinical studies, up to October 2020. Study eligibility criteria were primary full-text articles from clinical studies, conducted using valid screening test methods and published in peer-reviewed journals, in English or Spanish and from European countries. The overall pooled prevalence, prevalence by country as well as the prevalence of HBoV as a single or co-pathogen were estimated using a random-effects model. Sub-group and meta-regression analyses explored potential sources of heterogeneity in the data. A total of 35 studies involving 32,656 subjects from 16 European countries met the inclusion criteria. Heterogeneity (I2 = 97.0%, p < .01) was seen among studies; HBoV prevalence varied from 2.0 to 45.69% with a pooled estimate of 9.57% (95%CI 7.66-11.91%). The HBoV prevalence both as a single infection (3.99%; 95%CI 2.99-5.31%) or as co-infection with other viruses (5.06%; 95%CI 3.88-6.58%) was also analysed. On a geographic level, prevalence by country did not show statistical differences, ranging from 3.24% (Greece) to 21.05% (Denmark). An odds ratio analysis was also included in order to evaluate the relevance of the variable 'age' as a risk factor of HBoV infection in children <5 years old. The OR value of 1.77 (95%CI 1.13-2.77; p < .01) indicated that being <5 years old is a risk factor for HBoV infection. This study showed that HBoV has a moderate prevalence among European countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Polo
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, CIBUS-Faculty of Biology & CRETUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alberto Lema
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, CIBUS-Faculty of Biology & CRETUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Enia Gándara
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, CIBUS-Faculty of Biology & CRETUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jesús L Romalde
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, CIBUS-Faculty of Biology & CRETUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Nantachit N, Kochjan P, Khamrin P, Kumthip K, Maneekarn N. Human bocavirus genotypes 1, 2, and 3 circulating in pediatric patients with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand, 2012-2018. J Infect Public Health 2021; 14:179-186. [PMID: 33486373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global distribution of human bocavirus (HBoV) has been known to associate with viral gastroenteritis in pediatric population. This study was conducted in Chiang Mai, Thailand from 2012 to 2018 to investigate epidemiology and genotype distribution of HBoV in pediatric patients less than 5 years old hospitalized with diarrhea. METHODS A total of 2727 fecal specimens were investigated for the presence of HBoV using nested-PCR targeting partial VP1 capsid region. The detected HBoV strains were further characterized by nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS Detection rate of HBoV infection in pediatric patients with acute diarrhea was 5.2%. Three genotypes of HBoV were detected with the most predominance of HBoV1 (50.4%), followed by HBoV2 (42.5%), and HBoV3 (7.1%). The majority of HBoV positive cases were children of 1 to <2 years old (31.9%) with high detection rate of HBoV1 and HBoV2. HBoV infection occurred all year-round. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that majority of HBoV1 displayed the genetic relationship with HBoV1 strains reported previously from Asia whereas only a few were related to the strains from Europe, South America, and Middle East. The HBoV2 and HBoV3 were also mainly closely related to the strains reported from Asia and a few from South America and North Africa. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights distribution of HBoV genotypes circulating in pediatric patients with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Overall, three genotypes of HBoV were detected with equally high prevalence of HBoV1 and HBoV2 whereas HBoV3 was detected with much lower prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattika Nantachit
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Emerging and Re-emerging Diarrheal Viruses, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pakawat Kochjan
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pattara Khamrin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Emerging and Re-emerging Diarrheal Viruses, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kattareeya Kumthip
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Emerging and Re-emerging Diarrheal Viruses, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Niwat Maneekarn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Emerging and Re-emerging Diarrheal Viruses, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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Beyond Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr Virus: a Review of Viruses Composing the Blood Virome of Solid Organ Transplant and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients. Clin Microbiol Rev 2020; 33:33/4/e00027-20. [PMID: 32847820 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00027-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral primary infections and reactivations are common complications in patients after solid organ transplantation (SOT) and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Among these patients, viral infections are frequently associated with viremia. Beyond the usual well-known viruses that are part of the routine clinical management of transplant recipients, numerous other viral signatures or genomes can be identified in the blood of these patients. The identification of novel viral species and variants by metagenomic next-generation sequencing has opened up a new field of investigation and new paradigms. Thus, there is a need to thoroughly describe the state of knowledge in this field with a review of all viral infections that should be scrutinized in high-risk populations. Here, we review the eukaryotic DNA and RNA viruses identified in blood, plasma, or serum samples of pediatric and adult SOT/HSCT recipients and the prevalence of their detection, with a particular focus on recently identified viruses and those for which their potential association with disease remains to be investigated, such as members of the Polyomaviridae, Anelloviridae, Flaviviridae, and Astroviridae families. Current knowledge of the clinical significance of these viral infections with associated viremia among transplant recipients is also discussed. To ensure a comprehensive description in these two populations, individuals described as healthy (mostly blood donors) are considered for comparative purposes. The list of viruses that should be on the clinicians' radar is certainly incomplete and will expand, but the challenge is to identify those of possible clinical significance.
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Malta FC, Varella RB, Guimarães MAAM, Miagostovich MP, Fumian TM. Human Bocavirus in Brazil: Molecular Epidemiology, Viral Load and Co-Infections. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9080645. [PMID: 32785066 PMCID: PMC7459459 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9080645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human bocavirus (HBoV) is an emerging virus and has been detected worldwide, especially in pediatric patients with respiratory and gastrointestinal infection. In this study, we describe HBoV prevalence, genotypes circulation and DNA shedding, in stool samples from children up to two years of age in Brazil. During 2016 and 2017, 886 acute gastroenteritis (AGE) stool samples from ten Brazilian states were analyzed by TaqMan®-based qPCR, to detect and quantify HBoV. Positive samples were genotyped by sequencing the VP1/2 overlap region, followed by phylogenetic analysis and co-infections were accessed by screening other gastroenteric viruses. HBoV was detected in 12.4% (n = 110) of samples, with viral load ranging from 1.6 × 102 to 1.2 × 109 genome copies per gram of stool. From these, co-infections were found in 79.1%, and a statistically lower HBoV viral load was found compared to viral loads of rotavirus, norovirus and adenovirus in double infected patients (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found between HBoV viral load in single or co-infections, age groups or genotypes. Phylogenetic analysis identified the circulation of HBoV-1 in 38%, HBoV-2 in 40% and HBoV-3 in 22%. Continuous HBoV monitoring is needed to clarify its role in diarrhea disease, especially in the absence of classic gastroenteric viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Correia Malta
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (F.C.M.); (M.P.M.)
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, School of Medicine, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil;
| | - Rafael Brandão Varella
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute Biomedical, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24210-130, Brazil;
| | - Maria Angelica Arpon Marandino Guimarães
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, School of Medicine, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil;
| | - Marize Pereira Miagostovich
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (F.C.M.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Tulio Machado Fumian
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (F.C.M.); (M.P.M.)
- Correspondence: or
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Bagasi AA, Howson-Wells HC, Clark G, Tarr AW, Soo S, Irving WL, McClure CP. Human Bocavirus infection and respiratory tract disease identified in a UK patient cohort. J Clin Virol 2020; 129:104453. [PMID: 32534437 PMCID: PMC7240277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human Bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) was commonly detected in a survey of circa 13,000 UK respiratory samples between 2015 and 2019. Co-infection with other viruses was observed in approximately three quarters of samples. However, mono-infection was also prevalent, and associated with clinically relevant disease. Intensive care was required in 31% of HBoV1 mono-infections and ventilation in 17%. Fatal multi-organ failure was observed in an apparently HBoV1 mono-infected and otherwise healthy child.
Background Since its first isolation in 2005, Human Bocavirus (HBoV) has been repeatedly associated with acute respiratory tract infections, although its role in pathogenicity remains unclear due to high co-infection rates. Objectives To assess HBoV prevalence and associated disease in a cohort of respiratory patients in the East Midlands, UK between 2015 and 2019. Study design We initially investigated the undiagnosed burden of HBoV in a retrospective paediatric cohort sampled between 2015 and 2017 using an in-house PCR assay. HBoV was subsequently incorporated into the standard respiratory diagnostic pathway and we audited a calendar year of HBoV positive results between 2018 and 2019. Results Our retrospective PCR screening of previously routine diagnostic-negative samples from juvenile patients identified a 9% (n = 30) prevalence of HBoV type 1. These apparent HBoV1 mono-infections were frequently associated with respiratory tract symptoms, often severe requiring ventilation, oxygen and steroid intervention with 31% (n = 9) of individuals requiring intensive care. When HBoV screening was subsequently adopted into the routine respiratory diagnostic pathway, year-round infections were observed in both children and adults peaking in February. 185 of 9098 (2.03%) individuals were found to be HBoV positive with children aged 12–24 months the principally infected group. However, HBoV infection was also observed in patients aged over 60, predominantly as a mono-infection. 23% of the 185 unique patients were HBoV monoinfected and persistent low-level DNA positivity was observed in 15 individuals up to 6-months after initial presentation. Conclusion HBoV1 is a prevalent respiratory infection in the UK capable of causing serious monoinfections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa A Bagasi
- King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; NIHR Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Centre and School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Hannah C Howson-Wells
- Clinical Microbiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Gemma Clark
- Clinical Microbiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Alexander W Tarr
- NIHR Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Centre and School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Shiu Soo
- Clinical Microbiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - William L Irving
- NIHR Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Centre and School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK; Clinical Microbiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - C Patrick McClure
- NIHR Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Centre and School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
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Wang J, Li N, Li Z, Liu L, He Y, Meng J, Li S, Wang J. Identification of a novel bocaparvovirus in a wild squirrel in Kunming, Yunnan Province, China. Arch Virol 2020; 165:1469-1474. [PMID: 32388598 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04613-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In December 2017, a squirrel (Callosciurus phayrei) died 2 days after capture in Kunming, and its intestinal tract, heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney were subjected to metagenomics analysis. Reassembly and verification by reverse transcription PCR of contigs generated by next-generation sequencing yielded a 5176-nt sequence, which was designated "squirrel bocaparvovirus" (SQBOV). Phylogenetic trees based on the aa sequences of NS1, NP1, and VP1 showed that SQBOV formed an independent branch in the bocaparvovirus phylogenetic tree. The amino acid sequence identity of the NS1 of SQBOV to those of other bocaparvoviruses was below the threshold of 85% that is used to demarcate species within the genus, indicating that it should be considered a member of a new bocaparvovirus species. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a bocaparvovirus in squirrels. Our findings will enable further studies of viral diversity in rodents and of the genetic diversity and host range of bocaparvoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Wang
- Yunnan Province Hospital of Infection Disease, Kunming, 650301, Yunnan, China
| | - Nan Li
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, 650224, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhao Li
- The Agricultural Technology Service Center of Qu Shui Town, Jiangcheng County, Yunnan, 665907, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Center for Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yuwen He
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, 650224, Yunnan, China
| | - Jinxin Meng
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, 650224, Yunnan, China
| | - Shunxiang Li
- Yuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yixu, 653000, Yunnan, China.
| | - Jinglin Wang
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, 650224, Yunnan, China.
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Leitão GAA, Olivares AIO, Pimenta YC, Delgado IF, Miagostovich MP, Leite JPG, Moraes MTBD. Human Bocavirus genotypes 1 and 2 detected in younger Amazonian children with acute gastroenteritis or respiratory infections, respectively. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 95:32-37. [PMID: 32251804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to verify the frequency, genotypes, and etiological role of Human Bocavirus (HBoV) in younger Amazonian children with either acute gastroenteritis (AGE) or respiratory infections (ARI). The influence of Rotarix™ vaccination and co-infection status was also investigated. DESIGN HBoV quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) testing was done on both fecal and saliva (1468 samples) from 734 children < 5 months old living in the Amazon (Brazil, Guyana, and Venezuela). High and median HBoV viral load samples were used for extraction, nested PCR amplification, and sequencing for genotyping. HBoV mRNA detection was done by reverse transcription following DNA amplification. RESULTS The overall HBoV frequencies were 14.2% (69/485; AGE) and 14.1% (35/249; ARI) (p = 0.83). HBoV exclusively infected 4.5% (22/485; AGE) and 4% (10/249) of the Amazonian children (Odds ratios 1.13, 95% confidence interval= 2.42-0.52). HBoV 1 was mainly detected in feces and saliva from AGE children; and HBoV2, from ARI children. HBoV mRNA was detected only in feces. The Rotarix™ vaccination status did not affect the HBoV frequencies. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that, after entry into the air/oral pathways, HBoV1 continues infecting toward the intestinal tract causing AGE. HBoV2 can be a causative agent of AGE and ARI in younger Amazonian children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Azevedo Alves Leitão
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Avenida Brasil, 4365 Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Sanitary Surveillance, National Institute for Quality Control in Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Avenida Brasil, 4365 Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alberto Ignácio Olivares Olivares
- Post-Graduate Program in Parasite Biology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Avenida Brasil, 4365 Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Yan Cardoso Pimenta
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Avenida Brasil, 4365 Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Isabella Fernandes Delgado
- Post-Graduate Program in Sanitary Surveillance, National Institute for Quality Control in Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Avenida Brasil, 4365 Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Marize Pereira Miagostovich
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Avenida Brasil, 4365 Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Paulo Gagliardi Leite
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Avenida Brasil, 4365 Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcia Terezinha Baroni de Moraes
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Avenida Brasil, 4365 Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Rikhotso MC, Khumela R, Kabue JP, Traoré-Hoffman AN, Potgieter N. Predominance of Human Bocavirus Genotype 1 and 3 in Outpatient Children with Diarrhea from Rural Communities in South Africa, 2017-2018. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9040245. [PMID: 32218240 PMCID: PMC7238119 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9040245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human bocavirus (HBoV) is an emerging virus globally associated with diarrhea in young children. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of HBoV genotypes in children (≤5 years) from rural communities in South Africa (SA) suffering from acute gastroenteritis (AGE). A total of 141 fecal samples of children ≤5 years with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) were collected from rural primary health care facilities in the Vhembe district of SA between June 2017 and July 2018. Clinical symptoms and demographic data were also recorded. A total of 102 (72%) were outpatients, and 39 (28%) were hospitalized patients. Human bocavirus (HBoV) genotypes were determined using real-time multiplex PCR. DNA extracts of positive samples were confirmed by conventional PCR targeting the NS1 gene. Co-infection with other enteric viruses were determined in HBoV-positive samples using real-time PCR. HBoV was detected in eight (5.7%) children with AGE, of which three (37.5%) were HBoV1, three (37.5%) were HBoV3, and two (25%) were HBoV2. The majority of positive cases were identified in outpatients (62%) between the ages of 1 and 24 months. Co-infection in HBoV-positive samples with other enteric viruses included rotavirus (37.5%), adenovirus (37.5%), norovirus (25%), and astrovirus (12.5%). HBoV infections could be seen as a potential emerging diarrheal pathogen in South Africa. However, more studies are needed to understand the role of HBoV infections in children with AGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mpumelelo Casper Rikhotso
- Department of Microbiology, School of Mathematical and Natural Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; (R.K.); (J.P.K.); (A.N.T.-H.); (N.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ronewa Khumela
- Department of Microbiology, School of Mathematical and Natural Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; (R.K.); (J.P.K.); (A.N.T.-H.); (N.P.)
| | - Jean Pierre Kabue
- Department of Microbiology, School of Mathematical and Natural Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; (R.K.); (J.P.K.); (A.N.T.-H.); (N.P.)
| | - Afsatou Ndama Traoré-Hoffman
- Department of Microbiology, School of Mathematical and Natural Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; (R.K.); (J.P.K.); (A.N.T.-H.); (N.P.)
| | - Natasha Potgieter
- Department of Microbiology, School of Mathematical and Natural Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; (R.K.); (J.P.K.); (A.N.T.-H.); (N.P.)
- Dean, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa
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Zhao L, Wang T, Qian Y, Song J, Zhu R, Liu L, Jia L, Dong H. Keeping all secondary structures of the non-coding region in the circular genome of human bocavirus 2 is important for DNA replication and virus assembly, as revealed by three hetero-recombinant genomic clones. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 8:1563-1573. [PMID: 31672101 PMCID: PMC6832345 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1682949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The episomal structures of all human bocavirus (HBoV) genotypes have been deciphered,
including the circular genome of HBoV2 (HBoV2-C1). To discern the role of the circular
HBoV2 genome, three distinct linearized HBoV2-C1 genomes were cloned into pBlueScript
SKII(+) to obtain pBlueScript HBoV2 5043–5042 (retaining all secondary structures),
pBlueScript-HBoV2 5075–5074 (retaining hairpin number 2 and the 5′ terminal structure),
and pBlueScript-HBoV2 5220–5219 (retaining only the 5′ terminal structure at the 5′
-genome end). The recombinant plasmids were separately transfected HEK293 cells, revealing
that more HBoV2 DNA had accumulated in the pBlueScript HBoV2 5043–5042-transfected HEK293
cells at 72 h post-transfection, as determined by real-time PCR. However, more mRNA was
transcribed by pBlueScript-HBoV2 5075–5074 than by the other constructs, as determined by
dot-blot hybridization and RNAscope. No significant differences in NS1-70 protein
expression were observed among the three HBoV2 genomic clones. However, electron
microscopy showed that HBoV2 virus particles were only present in the pBlueScript HBoV2
5043–5042-transfected HEK293 cells. By using three hetero-recombinant HBoV2 genomic clones
in HEK293 transfected cells, only the genome with intact secondary structures produced
virus particles, suggesting that retaining these structures in a circular genome is
important for HBoV2 DNA replication and virus assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqing Zhao
- Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Qian
- Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingdong Song
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Runan Zhu
- Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liying Liu
- Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Jia
- Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijin Dong
- Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic Analysis of Human Bocavirus 2 in Pediatric Patients with Acute Gastroenteritis in Taiwan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17031086. [PMID: 32046345 PMCID: PMC7037009 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17031086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a causative agent of respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases worldwide. Four HBoV species (HBoV1-4) have been identified so far. Although a previous report has documented the HBoV association with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in Taiwan, their epidemiology, genetic diversity, and phylogenetic relationships remain unclear. In this study, we focused on an investigation of these unsolved issues, which will help to reveal molecular epidemiology and phylogeny of the circulating HBoV2 in Taiwan. A total of 176 stool samples were collected from children with AGE for this study. PCR amplification and sequencing on the VP1 gene region were used to identify species. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted by maximum-likelihood and neighbor-joining methods. Selection pressure was also estimated to obtain HBoV evolutionary information. Our results showed the prevalence of HBoV in AGE children was 8.5%, of which HBoV1 was the predominant species (6.3%), followed by HBoV2 (2.3%). Phylogenetic analysis showed those Taiwanese HBoV2 strains have significant genetic variability and can be divided into two clusters. One belongs to HBoV2 genotype A and the other forms an independent unclassified cluster. The nucleotide distance between that independent cluster and the known HBoV2 genotypes was more than 5%, suggesting a new HBoV2 genotype. No positive selection site was found and the virus was under purifying selection. This is the first report to reveal HBoV2 genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among AGE children in Taiwan. We find that HBoV2 may have been introduced into the country by multiple origins, and a potential new HBoV2 genotype is proposed.
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Bouseettine R, Hassou N, Bessi H, Ennaji MM. Waterborne Transmission of Enteric Viruses and Their Impact on Public Health. EMERGING AND REEMERGING VIRAL PATHOGENS 2020. [PMCID: PMC7148740 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819400-3.00040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Viruses of human or animal origin can spread in the environment and infect people via water and food. These viruses are released into the environment by various routes including water runoffs and aerosols. Furthermore, zoonotic viruses may infect humans exposed to contaminated surface waters. Viruses are emerging pathogens and are able to adapt by mutation, recombination, and reassortment and can thus become able to infect new hosts and to adjust to new environments. Enteric viruses are among the commonest and most hazardous waterborne pathogens, causing both sporadic and outbreak-related illness. While considerable research has documented the risk of enteric viruses to human health from contact with contaminated water, the current bacterial indicator-based methods for the evaluation of water quality are often ineffectual proxies for pathogenic viruses, but no correlation was established between the enteric bacteria and viruses studied. The present chapter will focus on viral pathogens shown to be transmitted through water. It will also provide an overview of viruses that had not been a concern for waterborne transmission in the past, but that may represent potentially emerging waterborne pathogens due to their occurrence and persistence in water environments. Monitoring effluents from wastewater treatment plants is important to preventing both environmental contamination and the spread of disease.
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Bian J, Liang M, Ding S, Wang L, Ni W, Xiong S, Li W, Bao X, Gao X, Wang R. iTRAQ-based high-throughput proteomics analysis reveals alterations of plasma proteins in patients infected with human bocavirus. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225261. [PMID: 31751365 PMCID: PMC6872134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a member of the genus Bocavirus, family Parvoviridae, and subfamily Parvovirus and was first identified in nasopharyngeal aspirates of Swedish children with acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) in 2005. It is the causative agent of nasopharyngeal aspirate disease and death in children. The HboV genomic structure is a linear single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). Its clinical pathogenic characteristics have been extensively studied, however, at present the molecular mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of HBoV infection is not completely clear. In this study, a total of 293 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between ARTI cases and healthy plasma samples were characterized using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-coupled bioinformatics analysis, among which 148 were up-regulated and 135 were down-regulated. Gene Ontology (GO) and Cluster of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COG) annotated an enrichment of DEPs in complement activation and biological processes like immunity, inflammation, signal transduction, substance synthesis, and metabolism. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis enriched DEPs mainly in the Wnt signaling pathway (ko04310), PPAR signaling pathway (ko03320), intestinal immune network for IgA production (ko04672), complement and coagulation cascades (ko04610), Toll-like receptor signaling pathway (ko04620) and B cell receptor signaling pathway (ko04662). Further, expression levels of three candidate proteins (upregulated PPP2R1A and CUL1, and downregulated CETP) were validated using western blotting. Our investigation is the first analysis of the proteomic profile of HBoV-infected ARTI cases using the iTRAQ approach, providing a foundation for a better molecular understanding of the pathogenesis of ARTI in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmei Bian
- Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Third Hospital), Wuhan, PR China
| | - Min Liang
- Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Third Hospital), Wuhan, PR China
| | - Shuxian Ding
- Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Third Hospital), Wuhan, PR China
| | - Liyan Wang
- Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Third Hospital), Wuhan, PR China
| | - Wenchang Ni
- Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Third Hospital), Wuhan, PR China
| | - Shisi Xiong
- Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Third Hospital), Wuhan, PR China
| | - Wan Li
- Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Third Hospital), Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xingxing Bao
- Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Third Hospital), Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xue Gao
- Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Third Hospital), Wuhan, PR China
| | - Rong Wang
- Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Third Hospital), Wuhan, PR China
- * E-mail:
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Mrzljak A, Tabain I, Premac H, Bogdanic M, Barbic L, Savic V, Stevanovic V, Jelic A, Mikulic D, Vilibic-Cavlek T. The Role of Emerging and Neglected Viruses in the Etiology of Hepatitis. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2019; 21:51. [PMID: 31754812 DOI: 10.1007/s11908-019-0709-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we present the overview of emerging and neglected viruses associated with liver involvement. RECENT FINDINGS Hepatitis E virus (HEV) emerged in the last two decades, causing hepatitis in many parts of the world. Moreover, liver involvement was also described in some emerging arboviral infections. Many reports showed dengue-associated liver injury; however, chikungunya, West Nile, tick-borne encephalitis, and Zika virus are rarely associated with clinically manifest liver disease. In addition, some neglected highly prevalent viruses such as adenoviruses and parvovirus B19 are capable of causing hepatitis in specific population groups. Anelloviruses (torque teno virus/torque teno mini virus/torque teno midi virus, SEN virus), human bocavirus, pegiviruses, and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus have shown a little potential for causing hepatitis, but their role in the etiology of liver disease remains to be determined. In addition to the well-known hepatotropic viruses, many emerging and neglected viruses have been associated with liver diseases. The number of emerging zoonotic viruses has been increasingly recognized. While zoonotic potential of HEV is well documented, the recent identification of new hepatitis-related animal viruses such as HEV strains from rabbits and camels, non-primate hepaciviruses in domestic dogs and horses, as well as equine and porcine pegivirus highlights the possible zoonotic transmission in the context of "One Health." However, zoonotic potential and hepatotropism of animal hepatitis viruses remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mrzljak
- Department of Medicine, Merkur University Hospital, Salata 3b, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Irena Tabain
- Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Premac
- Department of Medicine, Varazdin General Hospital, Varazdin, Croatia
| | - Maja Bogdanic
- Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ljubo Barbic
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Savic
- Poultry Center, Laboratory for Virology and Serology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Stevanovic
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Jelic
- Department of Medicine, Merkur University Hospital, Salata 3b, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Danko Mikulic
- Department of Surgery, Merkur University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tatjana Vilibic-Cavlek
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia
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36
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Are Community Acquired Respiratory Viral Infections an Underestimated Burden in Hematology Patients? Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7110521. [PMID: 31684063 PMCID: PMC6920795 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7110521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite a plethora of studies demonstrating significant morbidity and mortality due to community-acquired respiratory viral (CRV) infections in intensively treated hematology patients, and despite the availability of evidence-based guidelines for the diagnosis and management of respiratory viral infections in this setting, there is no uniform inclusion of respiratory viral infection management in the clinical hematology routine. Nevertheless, timely diagnosis and systematic management of CRV infections in intensively treated hematology patients has a demonstrated potential to significantly improve outcome. We have briefly summarized the recently published data on CRV infection epidemiology, as well as guidelines on the diagnosis and management of CRV infections in patients intensively treated for hematological malignancies. We have also assessed available treatment options, as well as mentioned novel agents currently in development.
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Salvo M, Mir D, Tort LFL, Lizasoain A, Colina R, Victoria M. Description of a human Bocavirus recombinant strain in the Americas. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2019; 114:e190219. [PMID: 31644704 PMCID: PMC6804322 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760190219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human bocaviruses (HBoV) are mainly associated with respiratory and gastroenteric
infections. These viruses belong to the family Parvoviridae,
genus Bocaparvovirus and are classified in four subtypes
(HBoV1-4). Recombination and point mutation have been described as basis of
parvovirus evolution. In this study three viral sequences were obtained from
positives HBoV sewage samples collected in two Uruguayan cities and were
characterised by different methods as recombinant strains. This recombination
event was localised in the 5’ end of VP1 gene and the parental strains belonged
to subtypes 3 and 4. These three Uruguayan strains are identical at the
nucleotide sequences in the analysed genome region of the virus. As far as we
known, this study represents the first detection of HBoV recombinants strains in
the Americas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Salvo
- Universidad de la República, Centro Universitario Regional Litoral Norte, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Salto, Uruguay
| | - Daiana Mir
- Universidad de la República, Centro Universitario Regional Litoral Norte, Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit, Salto, Uruguay
| | - Luis Fernando López Tort
- Universidad de la República, Centro Universitario Regional Litoral Norte, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Salto, Uruguay
| | - Andrés Lizasoain
- Universidad de la República, Centro Universitario Regional Litoral Norte, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Salto, Uruguay
| | - Rodney Colina
- Universidad de la República, Centro Universitario Regional Litoral Norte, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Salto, Uruguay
| | - Matías Victoria
- Universidad de la República, Centro Universitario Regional Litoral Norte, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Salto, Uruguay
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Di Martino B, Di Profio F, Melegari I, Marsilio F. Feline Virome-A Review of Novel Enteric Viruses Detected in Cats. Viruses 2019; 11:v11100908. [PMID: 31575055 PMCID: PMC6832874 DOI: 10.3390/v11100908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the diagnostic and metagenomic investigations of the feline enteric environment have allowed the identification of several novel viruses that have been associated with gastroenteritis in cats. In the last few years, noroviruses, kobuviruses, and novel parvoviruses have been repetitively detected in diarrheic cats as alone or in mixed infections with other pathogens, raising a number of questions, with particular regards to their pathogenic attitude and clinical impact. In the present article, the current available literature on novel potential feline enteric viruses is reviewed, providing a meaningful update on the etiology, epidemiologic, pathogenetic, clinical, and diagnostic aspects of the infections caused by these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Di Martino
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Federica Di Profio
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Irene Melegari
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Fulvio Marsilio
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
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Castro LRP, Calvet FC, Sousa KL, Silva VP, Lobo PS, Penha ET, Guerra SFS, Bezerra DAM, Mascarenhas JDP, Pinheiro HHC, Costa IB, Resque HR, Soares LS. Prevalence of rotavirus and human bocavirus in immunosuppressed individuals after renal transplantation in the Northern Region of Brazil. J Med Virol 2019; 91:2125-2133. [PMID: 31429939 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Immunosuppressive therapy causes severe impairment of host defense and diarrhea is a frequent complication in renal transplant recipients. This study aimed to describe the occurrence of Rotavirus A (RVA) and Human Bocavirus (HBoV) in fecal samples of immunosuppressed patients submitted to renal transplantation during posttransplant follow-up. A longitudinal study was carried out involving a 25-patient cohort, selected for kidney transplantation. A total of 126 fecal samples were collected between May 2014 and May 2016. Molecular techniques were used to detect and characterize circulating RVA and HBoV genotypes and statistical analysis were applied to verify the association between epidemiological and clinical characteristics. The prevalence of RVA and HBoV was 24% (6/25) and 40% (10/25), respectively. Among RVA and HBoV positive cases, the majority was female; did not conduct water treatment nor had adequate sewage facilities. The most detected genotypes were RVA G3 (62.5%) and HBoV-3 (95%). Phylogenetic analysis of HBoV strains indicated that studied samples were similar to those found in Asian and American countries. The present study point out the circulation of these viral agents among immunosuppressed individuals and these findings will enable the construction of new knowledge and care perspectives on the cause of diarrhea in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luanda R P Castro
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology and Surveillance in Health, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Flávio C Calvet
- Laboratory of Rotavirus, Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Karoline L Sousa
- Laboratory of Rotavirus, Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Victor P Silva
- Laboratory of Rotavirus, Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Patrícia S Lobo
- Laboratory of Rotavirus, Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Edvaldo T Penha
- Laboratory of Rotavirus, Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Sylvia F S Guerra
- Laboratory of Rotavirus, Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Delana A M Bezerra
- Laboratory of Rotavirus, Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Joana D P Mascarenhas
- Laboratory of Rotavirus, Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Helder H C Pinheiro
- Center for Tropical Medicine, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Igor B Costa
- Laboratory of Rotavirus, Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Hugo R Resque
- Laboratory of Rotavirus, Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Luana S Soares
- Laboratory of Rotavirus, Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
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40
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Li X, Lau SKP, Woo PCY. Molecular characterisation of emerging pathogens of unexplained infectious disease syndromes. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 19:839-848. [PMID: 31385539 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2019.1651200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The discoveries of HIV and Helicobacter pylori in the 1980s were landmarks in identification of novel pathogens causing unexplained infectious syndromes using conventional microbiological technologies. In the last few decades, advancement of molecular technologies has provided us with more robust tools to expand our armamentarium in this microbial hunting process. Areas covered: In this article, we give a brief overview of the most important molecular technologies we use for identification of emerging microbes associated with unexplained infectious syndromes, including 16S rRNA and other conserved targets sequencing for bacteria, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and other target gene sequencing for fungi, polymerase and other gene sequencing for viruses, as well as deep sequencing. Then, we use several representative examples to illustrate how these techniques have been used for the discoveries of a few notable bacterial, fungal and viral pathogens associated with unexplained infectious syndromes in the last 20-30 years. Expert opinion: In the past and present, characterization of emerging pathogens of unexplained infectious disease syndromes has relied on a combination of conventional culture- and phenotype-based technologies and nucleic acid amplification and sequencing. In the next era, we envisage more widespread adoption of next generation technologies that can detect both known and previously undescribed pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Susanna K P Lau
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
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41
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Lasure N, Gopalkrishna V. Changing pattern of genotypic circulation of human bocavirus variants associated with acute gastroenteritis in Pune, Western India: A 5‐year retrospective study. J Med Virol 2019; 91:1887-1890. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Lasure
- Enteric Virus DepartmentNational Institute of Virology Pune India
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Abstract
Parvoviruses are structurally simple viruses with linear single-stranded DNA genomes and nonenveloped icosahedral capsids. They infect a wide range of animals from insects to humans. Parvovirus B19 is a long-known human pathogen, whereas adeno-associated viruses are nonpathogenic. Since 2005, many parvoviruses have been discovered in human-derived samples: bocaviruses 1-4, parvovirus 4, bufavirus, tusavirus, and cutavirus. Some human parvoviruses have already been shown to cause disease during acute infection, some are associated with chronic diseases, and others still remain to be proven clinically relevant-or harmless commensals, a distinction not as apparent as it might seem. One initially human-labeled parvovirus might not even be a human virus, whereas another was originally overlooked due to inadequate diagnostics. The intention of this review is to follow the rocky road of emerging human parvoviruses from discovery of a DNA sequence to current and future clinical status, highlighting the perils along the way.
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Full Sequence Analysis and Characterization of Human Bocavirus Type 2 in South Korea. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.79145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Christensen A, Kesti O, Elenius V, Eskola AL, Døllner H, Altunbulakli C, Akdis CA, Söderlund-Venermo M, Jartti T. Human bocaviruses and paediatric infections. THE LANCET CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2019; 3:418-426. [PMID: 30948251 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(19)30057-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1), belonging to the Parvoviridae family, was discovered in 2005, in nasopharyngeal samples from children with respiratory tract infections. Three additional bocaviruses, HBoV2-4, were discovered in 2009-10. These viruses have mainly been found in faecal samples and their role in human diseases is still uncertain. HBoV1 causes a wide spectrum of respiratory diseases in children, including common cold, acute otitis media, pneumonia, bronchiolitis, and asthma exacerbations. HBoV1 DNA can persist in airway secretions for months after an acute infection. Consequently, acute HBoV1 infection cannot be diagnosed with standard DNA PCR; quantitative PCR and serology are better diagnostic approaches. Because of their high clinical specificity, diagnostic developments such as HBoV1 mRNA and antigen detection have shown promising results. This Review summarises the knowledge on human bocaviruses, with a special focus on HBoV1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Christensen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Olli Kesti
- Department of Paediatrics, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Varpu Elenius
- Department of Paediatrics, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anna L Eskola
- Department of Education, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Henrik Døllner
- Department of Pediatrics, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Can Altunbulakli
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, University of Zürich and Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, University of Zürich and Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | | | - Tuomas Jartti
- Department of Paediatrics, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Fakhiri J, Schneider MA, Puschhof J, Stanifer M, Schildgen V, Holderbach S, Voss Y, El Andari J, Schildgen O, Boulant S, Meister M, Clevers H, Yan Z, Qiu J, Grimm D. Novel Chimeric Gene Therapy Vectors Based on Adeno-Associated Virus and Four Different Mammalian Bocaviruses. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2019; 12:202-222. [PMID: 30766894 PMCID: PMC6360332 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Parvoviruses are highly attractive templates for the engineering of safe, efficient, and specific gene therapy vectors, as best exemplified by adeno-associated virus (AAV). Another candidate that currently garners increasing attention is human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1). Notably, HBoV1 capsids can cross-package recombinant (r)AAV2 genomes, yielding rAAV2/HBoV1 chimeras that specifically transduce polarized human airway epithelia (pHAEs). Here, we largely expanded the repertoire of rAAV/BoV chimeras, by assembling packaging plasmids encoding the capsid genes of four additional primate bocaviruses, HBoV2–4 and GBoV (Gorilla BoV). Capsid protein expression and efficient rAAV cross-packaging were validated by immunoblotting and qPCR, respectively. Interestingly, not only HBoV1 but also HBoV4 and GBoV transduced pHAEs as well as primary human lung organoids. Flow cytometry analysis of pHAEs revealed distinct cellular specificities between the BoV isolates, with HBoV1 targeting ciliated, club, and KRT5+ basal cells, whereas HBoV4 showed a preference for KRT5+ basal cells. Surprisingly, primary human hepatocytes, skeletal muscle cells, and T cells were also highly amenable to rAAV/BoV transduction. Finally, we adapted our pipeline for AAV capsid gene shuffling to all five BoV isolates. Collectively, our chimeric rAAV/BoV vectors and bocaviral capsid library represent valuable new resources to dissect BoV biology and to breed unique gene therapy vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Fakhiri
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,BioQuant Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc A Schneider
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Puschhof
- Hubrecht Institute and Oncode Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Megan Stanifer
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Research Group "Cellular Polarity of Viral Infection", German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Verena Schildgen
- Institute for Pathology, Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, Hospital of the Private University Witten/Herdecke, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Holderbach
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,BioQuant Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yannik Voss
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,BioQuant Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jihad El Andari
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,BioQuant Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Schildgen
- Institute for Pathology, Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, Hospital of the Private University Witten/Herdecke, Cologne, Germany
| | - Steeve Boulant
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Research Group "Cellular Polarity of Viral Infection", German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Meister
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute and Oncode Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Utrecht, the Netherlands.,University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ziying Yan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Center for Gene Therapy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jianming Qiu
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Dirk Grimm
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,BioQuant Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Karbalaie Niya MH, Ajdarkosh H, Safarnezhad Tameshkel F, Panahi M, Tabasi M, Bouzari B, Alemrajabi M, Keyvani H. The Molecular Detection of Human Bocavirus (HBoV) in Colorectal Tissue with Malignant and Non-Malignant Lesions. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:3295-3299. [PMID: 30486640 PMCID: PMC6318405 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2018.19.11.3295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) as a worldwide human health concern is identified being a multifactorial subject that infection with specific viral particles such as oncogenic viruses is research interest. Human bocavirus (HBoV) as a recent isolated virus has been investigated in many respiratory and enteric diseases but rare studies evaluates it in tissue specimens especially in cancerous sections. The aim of this study was to detect the presence of HBoV genome and its genotyping in CRC patient’s tissue and compare the result with matched healthy control group tissue. Method: in this retrospective case-control study, CRC cases were sporadic and non-familial cancerous while control subjects had healthy or non-malignant lesions in colon tissue. A conventional-PCR performed by specific primers for HBoV VP1 gene. After sequencing of positive PCR products, raw data used for trimming and alignment by bioinformatics software CLC Main Workbench 5 and MEGA5. SPSS v.22 used for statistical calculations. Result: a total of 157 subjects were participated that 66 were diagnosed as CRC cases and 91 were non-CRC colon tissue as control group that matched by the cases. The mean age (y) ± standard deviation of each case and control groups were 59.35±14.48 and 57.21±14.66, respectively. PCR results showed there were 1.3% (2/157) HBoV positive (of each groups one was positive). Sequencing analysis showed all were HBoV-1 genotype. Conclusion: our study showed there are low rate of HBoV genome in Iranian CRC and non-CRC colon tissue. Furthermore, the predominant genotype in our studied subsets were HBoV-1 according to phylogenetic analysis.
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A novel recombinant genome of minute virus of canines in China. Arch Virol 2018; 164:861-865. [PMID: 30465112 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-4104-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we determined almost all of the genome sequence of minute virus of canines (MVC) strain CDK47/2017 and performed phylogenetic analysis with this isolate and other MVC isolates. The genome of CDK47/2017 has the following characteristics: 1) The amino acid sequence of the NS1 protein is similar to that of the novel strain 15D009/KT241026.1, which has 17 identical amino acid changes and two identical amino acid insertions compared with other known MVC strains. These two strains clustered in a unique branch in an NSI-based phylogenetic tree. 2) Phylogenetic analysis based on the NP1 protein showed that strain CDK47/2017clustered in an independent branch with strains 15D009/KT241026.1 and HM-6/AB158475.1, both of which has 10 identical amino acid changes compared with other known MVC strains. 3) Eight unique amino acid substitutions of the CDK47/2017 capsid protein resulted in it forming a unique branch in the phylogenetic tree. 4) Recombination events were identified between the 3' end of the NS1 gene and 5' end of NP1 gene. Together, these characteristics suggest that strain CDK47/2017 represents a novel MVC strain that is distinct from all known MVC strains with sequences in the GenBank database. This contributes to a greater understanding of the genetic evolution of MVC.
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Human Bocavirus Infection Markers in Peripheral Blood and Stool Samples of Children with Acute Gastroenteritis. Viruses 2018; 10:v10110639. [PMID: 30445732 PMCID: PMC6265904 DOI: 10.3390/v10110639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human bocaviruses (HBoVs) 1–4 belong to the Parvoviridae family, and they infect the respiratory or gastrointestinal tracts in children. We investigated the prevalence of HBoV1–4 DNAs in the blood and stool samples, and of HBoV1–4 IgG and IgM in the plasma samples, of children presenting with acute gastroenteritis (AGE). In addition, we identified HBoV co-infections with the five most frequent gastrointestinal pathogens. A total of 83 paired blood and stool samples were collected from children aged five years or less. Infection markers of HBoV1, 2, or 3 (viral DNA in blood and/or stool and/or antibodies) were detected in 61 out of 83 (73.5%) patients. HBoV1, 2, or 3 DNA as a monoinfection was revealed in 18.1%, 2.4%, and 1.2%, respectively, and 21.7% in total. In 56.1% of the HBoV DNA-positive patients, the presence in stool of another virus—most frequently norovirus or rotavirus—was observed. In conclusion, this study, for the first time, illustrates the prevalence and genetic diversity of HBoVs in Latvian children with gastroenteritis, and shows a widespread distribution of these viruses in the community. HBoV1 and 2 are commonly found as single infectious agents in children with AGE, suggesting that the viruses can be as pathogenic by themselves as other enteric agents are.
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The 5' Untranslated Region of Human Bocavirus Capsid Transcripts Regulates Viral mRNA Biogenesis and Alternative Translation. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.00443-18. [PMID: 30111560 PMCID: PMC6189511 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00443-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative translation of HBoV1 capsid mRNAs is vital for the viral life cycle, as capsid proteins perform essential functions in genome packaging, assembly, and antigenicity. The 5′ untranslated regions (UTRs) of capsid mRNAs are generated by alternative splicing, and they contain different exons. Our study shows that the 5′ UTR not only modulates mRNA abundance but also regulates capsid expression. Two upstream ATGs (uATGs) that were upstream of the capsid translation initiation site in the 5′ UTR were found to affect viral capsid mRNA polyadenylation, alternative translation, and progeny virus production. The results reveal that uATGs play an important role in the viral life cycle and represent a new layer to regulate HBoV1 RNA processing, which could be a target for gene therapy. The capsid mRNA transcripts of human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) can be generated by alternative splicing from the mRNA precursor transcribed from the P5 promoter. However, the alternative translation regulation mechanism of capsid mRNA transcripts is largely unknown. Here we report that the polycistronic capsid mRNA transcripts encode VP1, VP2, and VP3 in vitro and in vivo. The 5′ untranslated regions (UTRs) of capsid mRNA transcripts, which consist of exons, affected not only the abundance of mRNA but also the translation pattern of capsid proteins. Further study showed that exons 2 and 3 were critical for the abundance of mRNA, while exon 4 regulated capsid translation. Alternative translation of capsid mRNA involved a leaky scan mechanism. Mutating the upstream ATGs (uATGs) located in exon 4 resulted in more mRNA transcripts polyadenylated at the proximal polyadenylation [(pA)p] site, leading to increased capsid mRNA transcripts. Moreover, uATG mutations induced more VP1 expression, while VP3 expression was decreased, which resulted in less progeny virus production. Our data show that the 5′ UTR of HBoV1 plays a critical role in the modulation of mRNA abundance, alternative RNA processing, alternative translation, and progeny virus production. IMPORTANCE Alternative translation of HBoV1 capsid mRNAs is vital for the viral life cycle, as capsid proteins perform essential functions in genome packaging, assembly, and antigenicity. The 5′ untranslated regions (UTRs) of capsid mRNAs are generated by alternative splicing, and they contain different exons. Our study shows that the 5′ UTR not only modulates mRNA abundance but also regulates capsid expression. Two upstream ATGs (uATGs) that were upstream of the capsid translation initiation site in the 5′ UTR were found to affect viral capsid mRNA polyadenylation, alternative translation, and progeny virus production. The results reveal that uATGs play an important role in the viral life cycle and represent a new layer to regulate HBoV1 RNA processing, which could be a target for gene therapy.
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50
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Rikhotso MC, Kabue JP, Ledwaba SE, Traoré AN, Potgieter N. Prevalence of Human Bocavirus in Africa and Other Developing Countries between 2005 and 2016: A Potential Emerging Viral Pathogen for Diarrhea. J Trop Med 2018; 2018:7875482. [PMID: 30275840 PMCID: PMC6157109 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7875482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human Bocavirus (HBoV) is an emerging virus discovered in 2005 from individuals suffering gastroenteritis and respiratory tract infections. Numerous studies related to the epidemiology and pathogenesis of HBoV have been conducted worldwide. This review reports on HBoV studies in individuals with acute gastroenteritis, with and without respiratory tract infections in Africa between 2005 and 2016. MATERIAL AND METHOD The search engines of PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase database for published articles of HBoV were used to obtain data between 2005 and 2016. The search words included were as follows: studies performed in Africa or/other developing countries or/worldwide; studies for the detection of HBoV in patients with/without diarrhea and respiratory tract infection; studies using standardized laboratory techniques for detection. RESULTS The search yielded a total of 756 publications with 70 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Studies included children and individuals of all age groups. HBoV prevalence in Africa was 13% in individuals suffering gastroenteritis with/without respiratory tract infection. CONCLUSION Reports suggest that HBoV infections are increasingly being recognized worldwide. Therefore, surveillance of individuals suffering from infections in Africa is required to monitor the prevalence of HBoV and help understand the role of HBoV in individuals suffering from gastroenteritis with/without respiratory tract infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mpumelelo Casper Rikhotso
- Department of Microbiology, School of Mathematical and Natural Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Jean Pierre Kabue
- Department of Microbiology, School of Mathematical and Natural Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Solanka Ellen Ledwaba
- Department of Microbiology, School of Mathematical and Natural Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Afsatou Ndama Traoré
- Department of Microbiology, School of Mathematical and Natural Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Natasha Potgieter
- Department of Microbiology, School of Mathematical and Natural Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
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