1
|
Bestion E, Legrand D, Baines CB, Bonte D, Coulon A, Dahirel M, Delgado M, Deshpande JN, Duncan AB, Fronhofer EA, Gounand I, Jacob S, Kaltz O, Massol F, Mathyssen E, Parmentier T, Saade C, Schtickzelle N, Zilio G, Cote J. Species interactions affect dispersal: a meta-analysis. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230127. [PMID: 38913065 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Context-dependent dispersal allows organisms to seek and settle in habitats improving their fitness. Despite the importance of species interactions in determining fitness, a quantitative synthesis of how they affect dispersal is lacking. We present a meta-analysis asking (i) whether the interaction experienced and/or perceived by a focal species (detrimental interaction with predators, competitors, parasites or beneficial interaction with resources, hosts, mutualists) affects its dispersal; and (ii) how the species' ecological and biological background affects the direction and strength of this interaction-dependent dispersal. After a systematic search focusing on actively dispersing species, we extracted 397 effect sizes from 118 empirical studies encompassing 221 species pairs; arthropods were best represented, followed by vertebrates, protists and others. Detrimental species interactions increased the focal species' dispersal (adjusted effect: 0.33 [0.06, 0.60]), while beneficial interactions decreased it (-0.55 [-0.92, -0.17]). The effect depended on the dispersal phase, with detrimental interactors having opposite impacts on emigration and transience. Interaction-dependent dispersal was negatively related to species' interaction strength, and depended on the global community composition, with cues of presence having stronger effects than the presence of the interactor and the ecological complexity of the community. Our work demonstrates the importance of interspecific interactions on dispersal plasticity, with consequences for metacommunity dynamics.This article is part of the theme issue 'Diversity-dependence of dispersal: interspecific interactions determine spatial dynamics'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elvire Bestion
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, UAR 2029, Moulis 09200, France
| | - Delphine Legrand
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, UAR 2029, Moulis 09200, France
| | - Celina B Baines
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Canada M5S 3B2
| | - Dries Bonte
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC), Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Aurelie Coulon
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO), MNHN, CNRS, Sorbonne University, Paris, Concarneau 75005, France
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionelle et Evolutive (CEFE), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier 34293, France
| | - Maxime Dahirel
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC), Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - María Delgado
- Biodiversity Research Institute (IMIB), CSIC/UO/PA, Campus de Mieres, Edificio de Investigación, Mieres, Asturias 33600, Spain
| | - Jhelam N Deshpande
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Alison B Duncan
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier 34095, France
| | | | - Isabelle Gounand
- Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement (iEES Paris), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Paris 75005, France
| | - Staffan Jacob
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, UAR 2029, Moulis 09200, France
| | - Oliver Kaltz
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier 34095, France
| | - François Massol
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, University Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille 59019, France
| | | | - Thomas Parmentier
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC), Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent 9000, Belgium
- Research Unit of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, Namur Institute of Complex Systems, and Institute of Life, Earth, and the Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, Namur 5000, Belgium
| | - Camille Saade
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier 34095, France
| | | | - Giacomo Zilio
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionelle et Evolutive (CEFE), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier 34293, France
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Julien Cote
- Centre de Recherche sur la Biodiversité et l'Environnement (CRBE), UMR 5300 CNRS-IRD-TINP-UT3, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Bât. 4R1, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse 31062, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Thierry M, Cote J, Bestion E, Legrand D, Clobert J, Jacob S. The interplay between abiotic and biotic factors in dispersal decisions in metacommunities. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230137. [PMID: 38913055 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Suitable conditions for species to survive and reproduce constitute their ecological niche, which is built by abiotic conditions and interactions with conspecifics and heterospecifics. Organisms should ideally assess and use information about all these environmental dimensions to adjust their dispersal decisions depending on their own internal conditions. Dispersal plasticity is often considered through its dependence on abiotic conditions or conspecific density and, to a lesser extent, with reference to the effects of interactions with heterospecifics, potentially leading to misinterpretation of dispersal drivers. Here, we first review the evidence for the effects of and the potential interplays between abiotic factors, biotic interactions with conspecifics and heterospecifics and phenotype on dispersal decisions. We then present an experimental test of these potential interplays, investigating the effects of density and interactions with conspecifics and heterospecifics on temperature-dependent dispersal in microcosms of Tetrahymena ciliates. We found significant differences in dispersal rates depending on the temperature, density and presence of another strain or species. However, the presence and density of conspecifics and heterospecifics had no effects on the thermal-dependency of dispersal. We discuss the causes and consequences of the (lack of) interplay between the different environmental dimensions and the phenotype for metacommunity assembly and dynamics. This article is part of the theme issue 'Diversity-dependence of dispersal: interspecific interactions determine spatial dynamics'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Thierry
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, UAR 2029, CNRS , Moulis 09200, France
| | - Julien Cote
- Centre de Recherche sur la Biodiversité et l'Environnement (CRBE), UMR 5300 CNRS-IRD-TINP-UT3 Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Bât. 4R1, 118 route de Narbonne , Toulouse Cedex 9 31062, France
| | - Elvire Bestion
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, UAR 2029, CNRS , Moulis 09200, France
| | - Delphine Legrand
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, UAR 2029, CNRS , Moulis 09200, France
| | - Jean Clobert
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, UAR 2029, CNRS , Moulis 09200, France
| | - Staffan Jacob
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, UAR 2029, CNRS , Moulis 09200, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Baines CB, Shaw AK. Parasite prevalence is determined by infection state- and risk-dependent dispersal of the host. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230130. [PMID: 38913060 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The spread of parasites and the emergence of disease are currently threatening global biodiversity and human welfare. To address this threat, we need to better understand those factors that determine parasite persistence and prevalence. It is known that dispersal is central to the spatial dynamics of host-parasite systems. Yet past studies have typically assumed that dispersal is a species-level constant, despite a growing body of empirical evidence that dispersal varies with ecological context, including the risk of infection and aspects of host state such as infection status (parasite-dependent dispersal; PDD). Here, we develop a metapopulation model to understand how different forms of PDD shape the prevalence of a directly transmitted parasite. We show that increasing host dispersal rate can increase, decrease or cause a non-monotonic change in regional parasite prevalence, depending on the type of PDD and characteristics of the host-parasite system (transmission rate, virulence, and dispersal mortality). This result contrasts with previous studies with parasite-independent dispersal which concluded that prevalence increases with host dispersal rate. We argue that accounting for host dispersal responses to parasites is necessary for a complete understanding of host-parasite dynamics and for predicting how parasite prevalence will respond to changes such as human alteration of landscape connectivity. This article is part of the theme issue 'Diversity-dependence of dispersal: interspecific interactions determine spatial dynamics'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celina B Baines
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Allison K Shaw
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota , St Paul, MN 55108, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Regan CE, Bogdanova MI, Newell M, Gunn C, Wanless S, Harris MP, Lopez SL, Benninghaus E, Bolton M, Daunt F, Searle KR. Seabirds show foraging site and route fidelity but demonstrate flexibility in response to local information. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2024; 12:46. [PMID: 38872225 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-024-00467-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fidelity to a given foraging location or route may be beneficial when environmental conditions are predictable but costly if conditions deteriorate or become unpredictable. Understanding the magnitude of fidelity displayed by different species and the processes that drive or erode it is therefore vital for understanding how fidelity may shape the demographic consequences of anthropogenic change. In particular, understanding the information that individuals may use to adjust their fidelity will facilitate improved predictions of how fidelity may change as environments change and the extent to which it will buffer individuals against such changes. METHODS We used movement data collected during the breeding season across eight years for common guillemots, Atlantic puffins, razorbills, and black-legged kittiwakes breeding on the Isle of May, Scotland to understand: (1) whether foraging site/route fidelity occurred within and between years, (2) whether the degree of fidelity between trips was predicted by personal foraging effort, and (3) whether different individuals made more similar trips when they overlapped in time at the colony prior to departure and/or when out at sea suggesting the use of the same local environmental cues or information on the decisions made by con- and heterospecifics. RESULTS All species exhibited site and route fidelity both within- and between-years, and fidelity between trips in guillemots and razorbills was related to metrics of foraging effort, suggesting they adjust fidelity to their personal foraging experience. We also found evidence that individuals used local environmental cues of prey location or availability and/or information gained by observing conspecifics when choosing foraging routes, particularly in puffins, where trips of individuals that overlapped temporally at the colony or out at sea were more similar. CONCLUSIONS The fidelity shown by these seabird species has the potential to put them at greater risk in the face of environmental change by driving individuals to continue using areas being degraded by anthropogenic pressures. However, our results suggest that individuals show some flexibility in their fidelity, which may promote resilience under environmental change. The benefits of this flexibility are likely to depend on numerous factors, including the rapidity and spatial scale of environmental change and the reliability of the information individuals use to choose foraging sites or routes, thus highlighting the need to better understand how organisms combine cues, prior experience, and other sources of information to make movement decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte E Regan
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, EH26 0QB, Penicuik, Midlothian, UK.
| | - Maria I Bogdanova
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, EH26 0QB, Penicuik, Midlothian, UK
| | - Mark Newell
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, EH26 0QB, Penicuik, Midlothian, UK
| | - Carrie Gunn
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, EH26 0QB, Penicuik, Midlothian, UK
| | - Sarah Wanless
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, EH26 0QB, Penicuik, Midlothian, UK
| | - Mike P Harris
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, EH26 0QB, Penicuik, Midlothian, UK
| | | | - Ella Benninghaus
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, EH26 0QB, Penicuik, Midlothian, UK
| | - Mark Bolton
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, AB15 6GZ, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Francis Daunt
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, EH26 0QB, Penicuik, Midlothian, UK
| | - Kate R Searle
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, EH26 0QB, Penicuik, Midlothian, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nitsch A, Faurie C, Lummaa V. Sibling competition, dispersal and fitness outcomes in humans. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7539. [PMID: 37160936 PMCID: PMC10169773 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33700-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Determining how sibling interactions alter the fitness outcomes of dispersal is pivotal for the understanding of family living, but such studies are currently scarce. Using a large demographic dataset on pre-industrial humans from Finland, we studied dispersal consequences on different indicators of lifetime reproductive success according to sex-specific birth rank (a strong determinant of dispersal in our population). Contrary to the predictions of the leading hypotheses, we found no support for differential fitness benefits of dispersal for either males or females undergoing low vs. high sibling competition. Our results are inconsistent with both hypotheses that family members could have different fitness maximizing strategies depending on birth rank, and that dispersal could be mainly driven by indirect fitness benefits for philopatric family members. Our study stresses the need for studying the relative outcomes of dispersal at the family level in order to understand the evolution of family living and dispersal behaviour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aïda Nitsch
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, Université Toulouse 1 Capitole 1, Esplanade de l'Université, 31080, Cedex 6, Toulouse, France.
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
- Institute of Evolutionary Sciences, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Place Eugène Bataillon, CC 065, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
| | - Charlotte Faurie
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institute of Evolutionary Sciences, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Place Eugène Bataillon, CC 065, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Virpi Lummaa
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hämäläinen R, Kajanus MH, Forsman JT, Kivelä SM, Seppänen JT, Loukola OJ. Ecological and evolutionary consequences of selective interspecific information use. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:490-503. [PMID: 36849224 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent work has shown that animals frequently use social information from individuals of their own species as well as from other species; however, the ecological and evolutionary consequences of this social information use remain poorly understood. Additionally, information users may be selective in their social information use, deciding from whom and how to use information, but this has been overlooked in an interspecific context. In particular, the intentional decision to reject a behaviour observed via social information has received less attention, although recent work has indicated its presence in various taxa. Based on existing literature, we explore in which circumstances selective interspecific information use may lead to different ecological and coevolutionary outcomes between two species, such as explaining observed co-occurrences of putative competitors. The initial ecological differences and the balance between the costs of competition and the benefits of social information use potentially determine whether selection may lead to trait divergence, convergence or coevolutionary arms race between two species. We propose that selective social information use, including adoption and rejection of behaviours, may have far-reaching fitness consequences, potentially leading to community-level eco-evolutionary outcomes. We argue that these consequences of selective interspecific information use may be much more widespread than has thus far been considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mira H Kajanus
- Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | | | - Sami M Kivelä
- Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Active breeding seabirds prospect alternative breeding colonies. Oecologia 2023; 201:341-354. [PMID: 36746795 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05331-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Compared to other animal movements, prospecting by adult individuals for a future breeding site is commonly overlooked. Prospecting influences the decision of where to breed and has consequences on fitness and lifetime reproductive success. By analysing movements of 31 satellite- and GPS-tracked gull and tern populations belonging to 14 species in Europe and North America, we examined the occurrence and factors explaining prospecting by actively breeding birds. Prospecting in active breeders occurred in 85.7% of studied species, across 61.3% of sampled populations. Prospecting was more common in populations with frequent inter-annual changes of breeding sites and among females. These results contradict theoretical models which predict that prospecting is expected to evolve in relatively predictable and stable environments. More long-term tracking studies are needed to identify factors affecting patterns of prospecting in different environments and understand the consequences of prospecting on fitness at the individual and population level.
Collapse
|
8
|
Campana JLM, Raffard A, Chaine AS, Huet M, Legrand D, Jacob S. Dispersal plasticity driven by variation in fitness across species and environmental gradients. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:2410-2421. [PMID: 36198081 PMCID: PMC9827879 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Dispersal plasticity, when organisms adjust their dispersal decisions depending on their environment, can play a major role in ecological and evolutionary dynamics, but how it relates to fitness remains scarcely explored. Theory predicts that high dispersal plasticity should evolve when environmental gradients have a strong impact on fitness. Using microcosms, we tested in five species of the genus Tetrahymena whether dispersal plasticity relates to differences in fitness sensitivity along three environmental gradients. Dispersal plasticity was species- and environment-dependent. As expected, dispersal plasticity was generally related to fitness sensitivity, with higher dispersal plasticity when fitness is more affected by environmental gradients. Individuals often preferentially disperse out of low fitness environments, but leaving environments that should yield high fitness was also commonly observed. We provide empirical support for a fundamental, but largely untested, assumption in dispersal theory: the extent of dispersal plasticity correlates with fitness sensitivity to the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Allan Raffard
- Université catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute, Biodiversity Research CentreLouvain‐la‐NeuveBelgium,Present address:
Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, INRAE, CARRTELThonon‐les‐BainsFrance
| | - Alexis S. Chaine
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et ExpérimentaleUAR CNRS 2029MoulisFrance
| | - Michèle Huet
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et ExpérimentaleUAR CNRS 2029MoulisFrance
| | - Delphine Legrand
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et ExpérimentaleUAR CNRS 2029MoulisFrance
| | - Staffan Jacob
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et ExpérimentaleUAR CNRS 2029MoulisFrance
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jreidini N, Green DM. Dispersal without drivers: Intrinsic and extrinsic variables have no impact on movement distances in a terrestrial amphibian. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9368. [PMID: 36203625 PMCID: PMC9526034 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersive movements are often thought to be multicausal and driven by individual body size, sex, conspecific density, environmental variation, personality, and/or other variables. Yet such variables often do not account for most of the variation among dispersive movements in nature, leaving open the possibility that dispersion may be indeterministic. We assessed the amount of variation in 24 h movement distances that could be accounted for by potential drivers of displacement with a large empirical dataset of movement distances performed by Fowler's Toads (Anaxyrus fowleri) on the northern shore of Lake Erie at Long Point, Ontario (2002–2021, incl.). These toads are easy to sample repeatedly, can be identified individually and move parallel to the shoreline as they forage at night, potentially dispersing to new refuge sites. Using a linear mixed‐effect model that incorporated random effect terms to account for sampling variance and inter‐annual variation, we found that all potential intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of movement accounted for virtually none of the variation observed among 24 h distances moved by these animals, whether over short or large spatial scales. We examined the idea of movement personality by testing variance per individual toad and found no evidence of individuality in movement distances. We conclude that deterministic variables, whether intrinsic or extrinsic, neither can be shown to nor are necessary to drive movements in this population over all spatial scales. Stochastic, short time‐scale movements, such as daily foraging movements, can instead accumulate over time to produce large spatial‐scale movements that are dispersive in nature.
Collapse
|
10
|
Ponchon A, Scarpa A, Bocedi G, Palmer SCF, Travis JMJ. Prospecting and informed dispersal: Understanding and predicting their joint eco-evolutionary dynamics. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:15289-15302. [PMID: 34765178 PMCID: PMC8571608 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of individuals to leave a current breeding area and select a future one is important, because such decisions can have multiple consequences for individual fitness, but also for metapopulation dynamics, structure, and long-term persistence through non-random dispersal patterns. In the wild, many colonial and territorial animal species display informed dispersal strategies, where individuals use information, such as conspecific breeding success gathered during prospecting, to decide whether and where to disperse. Understanding informed dispersal strategies is essential for relating individual behavior to subsequent movements and then determining how emigration and settlement decisions affect individual fitness and demography. Although numerous theoretical studies have explored the eco-evolutionary dynamics of dispersal, very few have integrated prospecting and public information use in both emigration and settlement phases. Here, we develop an individual-based model that fills this gap and use it to explore the eco-evolutionary dynamics of informed dispersal. In a first experiment, in which only prospecting evolves, we demonstrate that selection always favors informed dispersal based on a low number of prospected patches relative to random dispersal or fully informed dispersal, except when individuals fail to discriminate better patches from worse ones. In a second experiment, which allows the concomitant evolution of both emigration probability and prospecting, we show the same prospecting strategy evolving. However, a plastic emigration strategy evolves, where individuals that breed successfully are always philopatric, while failed breeders are more likely to emigrate, especially when conspecific breeding success is low. Embedding information use and prospecting behavior in eco-evolutionary models will provide new fundamental understanding of informed dispersal and its consequences for spatial population dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Ponchon
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Alice Scarpa
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Greta Bocedi
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Oro D, Bécares J, Bartumeus F, Arcos JM. High frequency of prospecting for informed dispersal and colonisation in a social species at large spatial scale. Oecologia 2021; 197:395-409. [PMID: 34550445 PMCID: PMC8505276 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-05040-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Animals explore and prospect space searching for resources and individuals may disperse, targeting suitable patches to increase fitness. Nevertheless, dispersal is costly because it implies leaving the patch where the individual has gathered information and reduced uncertainty. In social species, information gathered during the prospection process for deciding whether and where to disperse is not only personal but also public, i.e. conspecific density and breeding performance. In empty patches, public information is not available and dispersal for colonisation would be more challenging. Here we study the prospecting in a metapopulation of colonial Audouin's gulls using PTT platform terminal transmitters tagging for up to 4 years and GPS tagging during the incubation period. A large percentage of birds (65%) prospected occupied patches; strikingly, 62% of prospectors also visited empty patches that were colonised in later years. Frequency and intensity of prospecting were higher for failed breeders, who dispersed more than successful breeders. Prospecting and dispersal also occurred mostly to neighbouring patches where population density was higher. GPSs revealed that many breeders (59%) prospected while actively incubating, which suggests that they gathered information before knowing the fate of their reproduction. Prospecting may be enhanced in species adapted to breed in ephemeral habitats, such as Audouin's gulls. Interestingly, none of the tracked individuals colonised an empty patch despite having prospected over a period of up to three consecutive years. Lack of public information in empty patches may drive extended prospecting, long time delays in colonisation and non-linear transient phenomena in metapopulation dynamics and species range expansion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Oro
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes-CEAB (CSIC), Acces Cala Sant Francesc 14, 17300, Blanes, Spain.
| | - Juan Bécares
- SEO/BirdLife-Marine Programe, Delegació de Catalunya, 08026, Barcelona, Spain.,CORY'S-Investigación y Conservación de la Biodiversidad, 08016, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Frederic Bartumeus
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes-CEAB (CSIC), Acces Cala Sant Francesc 14, 17300, Blanes, Spain
| | - José Manuel Arcos
- SEO/BirdLife-Marine Programe, Delegació de Catalunya, 08026, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Forsman JT, Kivelä SM. Evolution of searching effort for resources: a missing piece of the puzzle in the ideal free distribution paradigm. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jukka T. Forsman
- Dept of Ecology and Genetics, Univ. of Oulu Finland
- Natural Resources Inst. Finland (Luke) Oulu Finland
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Phenotypic and environmental correlates of natal dispersal in a long-lived territorial vulture. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5424. [PMID: 33686130 PMCID: PMC7970891 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84811-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Natal dispersal, the movement between the birth and the first breeding site, has been rarely studied in long-lived territorial birds with a long-lasting pre-breeding stage. Here we benefited from the long-term monitoring programs of six populations of Egyptian vultures (Neophron percnopterus) from Spain and France to study how the rearing environment determines dispersal. For 124 vultures, we recorded a median dispersal distance of 48 km (range 0-656 km). Linear models were used to assess the effect of population and individual traits on dispersal distance at two spatial scales. Dispersal distances were inversely related to vulture density in the natal population, suggesting that birds perceive the abundance of conspecifics as a signal of habitat quality. This was particularly true for declining populations, so increasing levels of opportunistic philopatry seemed to arise in high density contexts as a consequence of vacancies created by human-induced adult mortality. Females dispersed further than males, but males were more sensitive to the social environment, indicating different dispersal tactics. Both sexes were affected by different individual attributes simultaneously and interactively with this social context. These results highlight that complex phenotype-by-environment interactions should be considered for advancing our understanding of dispersal dynamics in long-lived organisms.
Collapse
|
14
|
Kloskowski J. Win-stay/lose-switch, prospecting-based settlement strategy may not be adaptive under rapid environmental change. Sci Rep 2021; 11:570. [PMID: 33436762 PMCID: PMC7804401 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79942-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding animal responses to environmental change is crucial for management of ecological traps. Between-year habitat selection was investigated in red-necked grebes (Podiceps grisegena) breeding on semi-natural fish ponds, where differential stocking of fish created contrasting yet poorly predictable brood-stage food availabilities. Grebes lured to low-quality ponds were more likely to shift territories than birds nesting on high-quality ponds, and tended to move to ponds whose habitat quality had been high in the previous year, irrespective of the current quality of the new and old territories. The territory switchers typically visited their future breeding ponds during or immediately after the brood-rearing period. However, owing to rotation of fish stocks, the habitat quality of many ponds changed in the following year, and then switchers from low-quality ponds and stayers on previously high-quality ponds were ecologically trapped. Thus, although breeders were making an informed choice, their settlement decisions, based on the win-stay/lose-switch rule and prospecting a year in advance, were inappropriate in conditions of year-to-year habitat fluctuations. Effective adaptation to rapid environmental change may necessitate both learning to correctly evaluate uncertain environmental cues and abandonment of previously adaptive decision-making algorithms (here prioritizing past-year information and assuming temporal autocorrelation of habitat quality).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Kloskowski
- Institute of Zoology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625, Poznań, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Luna Á, Lois NA, Rodríguez-Martinez S, Palma A, Sanz-Aguilar A, Tella JL, Carrete M. Urban life promotes delayed dispersal and family living in a non-social bird species. Sci Rep 2021; 11:107. [PMID: 33420201 PMCID: PMC7794495 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80344-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In some vertebrate species, family units are typically formed when sexually mature individuals delay dispersal and independent breeding to remain as subordinates in a breeding group. This behaviour has been intensively studied in gregarious species but has also been described in non-social species where ecological and evolutionary drivers are less known. Here, we explore factors that favour delayed dispersal and family living and potential benefits associated with this strategy in a non-social, monogamous species (the burrowing owl, Athene cunicularia) occupying urban and rural habitats. Our results show that family units arise when first-year individuals, mainly males, delay their dispersal to stay in their natal nests with their parents. This delayed dispersal, while still uncommon, was more prevalent in urban (7%) than in rural (3%) habitats, and in areas with high conspecific density and productivity. Birds delaying dispersal contributed to the genetic pool of the offspring in 25% of the families analysed, but did not increase the productivity of the nests where they remained. However, their presence was related to an improvement in the body condition of chicks, which was ultimately linked to a slightly positive effect in offspring future survival probabilities. Finally, delayed dispersers were recruited as breeders in high-quality urban territories and closer to their natal nests than individuals dispersing during their first year of life. Thus, our results suggest that delaying dispersal may be mainly related to opportunities to inheriting a good quality territory, especially for males. Our study contributes to understanding the role played by habitat quality in promoting delayed dispersal and family living, not only in social but also non-social species, highlighting its impact in the ecology and evolution of animal populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Luna
- grid.418875.70000 0001 1091 6248Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana - CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Nicolás A. Lois
- grid.7345.50000 0001 0056 1981Laboratorio de Ecología y Comportamiento Animal. Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina ,grid.423606.50000 0001 1945 2152Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sol Rodríguez-Martinez
- grid.418875.70000 0001 1091 6248Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana - CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio Palma
- grid.418875.70000 0001 1091 6248Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana - CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana Sanz-Aguilar
- grid.466857.e0000 0000 8518 7126Animal Demography and Ecology Unit, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Esporles, Spain ,grid.9563.90000 0001 1940 4767Applied Zoology and Conservation Group, University of Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - José L. Tella
- grid.418875.70000 0001 1091 6248Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana - CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Martina Carrete
- grid.15449.3d0000 0001 2200 2355Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Deshpande JN, Kaltz O, Fronhofer EA. Host–parasite dynamics set the ecological theatre for the evolution of state‐ and context‐dependent dispersal in hosts. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jhelam N. Deshpande
- ISEM, Univ. de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD Montpellier France
- Indian Inst. of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune Pune Maharashtra India
| | - Oliver Kaltz
- ISEM, Univ. de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD Montpellier France
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Baines CB, Travis JMJ, McCauley SJ, Bocedi G. Negative density-dependent dispersal emerges from the joint evolution of density- and body condition-dependent dispersal strategies. Evolution 2020; 74:2238-2249. [PMID: 32830867 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Empirical studies have documented both positive and negative density-dependent dispersal, yet most theoretical models predict positive density dependence as a mechanism to avoid competition. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the occurrence of negative density-dependent dispersal, but few of these have been formally modeled. Here, we developed an individual-based model of the evolution of density-dependent dispersal. This model is novel in that it considers the effects of density on dispersal directly, and indirectly through effects on individual condition. Body condition is determined mechanistically, by having juveniles compete for resources in their natal patch. We found that the evolved dispersal strategy was a steep, increasing function of both density and condition. Interestingly, although populations evolved a positive density-dependent dispersal strategy, the simulated metapopulations exhibited negative density-dependent dispersal. This occurred because of the negative relationship between density and body condition: high density sites produced low-condition individuals that lacked the resources required for dispersal. Our model, therefore, generates the novel hypothesis that observed negative density-dependent dispersal can occur when high density limits the ability of organisms to disperse. We suggest that future studies consider how phenotype is linked to the environment when investigating the evolution of dispersal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celina B Baines
- Biology Department, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, L5L 1C6, Canada.,Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Justin M J Travis
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom
| | - Shannon J McCauley
- Biology Department, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, L5L 1C6, Canada.,Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Greta Bocedi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cooper NW, Marra PP. Hidden Long-Distance Movements by a Migratory Bird. Curr Biol 2020; 30:4056-4062.e3. [PMID: 32822609 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Technology has revolutionized our ability to track animals across the globe, significantly advancing our understanding of animal movement [1, 2]. Technological and logistical challenges, however, have led to non-migratory movements that fall outside of the territory/home range paradigm, receiving less attention. This may have resulted in a widespread underestimation of the frequency and spatial scale at which animals either move outside of their territories and home ranges or adopt altogether different space-use strategies. We used a breeding-range-wide automated radio-telemetry system to track movements in a migratory songbird, the Kirtland's warbler (Setophaga kirtlandii). By attaching radio tags on the wintering grounds and relocating the same individuals on the breeding grounds, we were able to sample the population without regard to their eventual breeding status or space-use strategy. We found that a surprising proportion of breeders and most non-breeders made long-distance (5-77 km) movements during the breeding season while conspecifics remained within their small territories. Movement frequency peaked during the nestling and fledgling periods, indicating that both breeders and non-breeders were likely prospecting to inform dispersal. A literature review revealed that Kirtland's warblers moved farther than most species in absolute distances and farther than all other species relative to normal daily movements. We argue that similarly long-distance movements likely exist in many other species but have gone undetected because of technological limitations, research biases, and logistical challenges. Underestimation of the scale of these poorly understood life history behaviors has important implications for the ecology, evolution, and conservation of animals. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan W Cooper
- Migratory Bird Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, PO Box 37012 MRC 5503, Washington, DC 20013, USA; Department of Biology, Georgetown University, 37(th) and O Streets NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
| | - Peter P Marra
- Migratory Bird Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, PO Box 37012 MRC 5503, Washington, DC 20013, USA; Department of Biology, Georgetown University, 37(th) and O Streets NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA; McCourt School of Public Policy, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Laurent E, Schtickzelle N, Jacob S. Fragmentation mediates thermal habitat choice in ciliate microcosms. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20192818. [PMID: 31992166 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Habitat fragmentation is expected to reduce dispersal movements among patches as a result of increased inter-patch distances. Furthermore, since habitat fragmentation is expected to raise the costs of moving among patches in the landscape, it should hamper the ability or tendency of organisms to perform informed dispersal decisions. Here, we used microcosms of the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila to test experimentally whether habitat fragmentation, manipulated through the length of corridors connecting patches differing in temperature, affects habitat choice. We showed that a twofold increase of inter-patch distance can as expected hamper the ability of organisms to choose their habitat at immigration. Interestingly, it also increased their habitat choice at emigration, suggesting that organisms become choosier in their decision to either stay or leave their patch when obtaining information about neighbouring patches gets harder. This study points out that habitat fragmentation might affect not only dispersal rate but also the level of non-randomness of dispersal, with emigration and immigration decisions differently affected. These consequences of fragmentation might considerably modify ecological and evolutionary dynamics of populations facing environmental changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Laurent
- Earth and Life Institute, Biodiversity Research Centre, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4, L7-07-04, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Schtickzelle
- Earth and Life Institute, Biodiversity Research Centre, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4, L7-07-04, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Staffan Jacob
- Earth and Life Institute, Biodiversity Research Centre, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4, L7-07-04, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Addis BR, Lowe WH. Long-term survival probability, not current habitat quality, predicts dispersal distance in a stream salamander. Ecology 2020; 101:e02982. [PMID: 31958140 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Dispersal evolves as an adaptive mechanism to optimize individual fitness across the landscape. Specifically, dispersal represents a mechanism to escape fitness costs resulting from changes in environmental conditions. Decades of empirical work suggest that individuals use local habitat cues to make movement decisions, but theory predicts that dispersal can also evolve as a fixed trait, independent of local conditions, in environments characterized by a history of stochastic spatiotemporal variation. Until now, however, both conditional and fixed models of dispersal evolution have primarily been evaluated using emigration data (stay vs. leave), and not dispersal distances: a more comprehensive measure of dispersal. Our goal was to test whether conditional or fixed models of dispersal evolution predict variation in dispersal distance in the stream salamander Gyrinophilus porphyriticus. We quantified variation in habitat conditions using measures of salamander performance from 4 yr of spatially explicit, capture-mark-recapture (CMR) data across three headwater streams in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in central New Hampshire, USA. We used body condition as an index of local habitat quality that individuals may use to make dispersal decisions, and survival probability estimated from multistate CMR models as an index of mortality risk resulting from the long-term history of environmental variation. We found that dispersal distances increased with declining survival probability, indicating that salamanders disperse further in risky environments. Dispersal distances were unrelated to spatial variation in body condition, suggesting that salamanders do not base dispersal distance decisions on local habitat quality. Our study provides the first empirical support for fixed models of dispersal evolution, which predict that dispersal evolves in response to a history of spatiotemporal environmental variation, rather than as a conditional response to current habitat conditions. More broadly, this study underscores the value of assessing alternative scales of environmental variation to gain a more complete and balanced understanding of dispersal evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brett R Addis
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, 59812, USA
| | - Winsor H Lowe
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, 59812, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kisdi É, Weigang HC, Gyllenberg M. The Evolution of Immigration Strategies Facilitates Niche Expansion by Divergent Adaptation in a Structured Metapopulation Model. Am Nat 2019; 195:1-15. [PMID: 31868542 DOI: 10.1086/706258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Local adaptation and habitat choice are two key factors that control the distribution and diversification of species. Here we model habitat choice mechanistically as the outcome of dispersal with nonrandom immigration. We consider a structured metapopulation with a continuous distribution of patch types and determine the evolutionarily stable immigration strategy as the function linking patch type to the probability of settling in the patch on encounter. We uncover a novel mechanism whereby coexisting strains that only slightly differ in their local adaptation trait can evolve substantially different immigration strategies. In turn, different habitat use selects for divergent adaptations in the two strains. We propose that the joint evolution of immigration and local adaptation can facilitate diversification and discuss our results in the light of niche conservatism versus niche expansion.
Collapse
|
22
|
Environmental Predictability as a Cause and Consequence of Animal Movement. Trends Ecol Evol 2019; 35:163-174. [PMID: 31699411 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The impacts of environmental predictability on the ecology and evolution of animal movement have been the subject of vigorous speculation for several decades. Recently, the swell of new biologging technologies has further stimulated their investigation. This advancing research frontier, however, still lacks conceptual unification and has so far focused little on converse effects. Populations of moving animals have ubiquitous effects on processes such as nutrient cycling and seed dispersal and may therefore shape patterns of environmental predictability. Here, we synthesise the main strands of the literature on the feedbacks between environmental predictability and animal movement and discuss how they may react to anthropogenic disruption, leading to unexpected threats for wildlife and the environment.
Collapse
|
23
|
Bailey LD, Ens BJ, Both C, Heg D, Oosterbeek K, van de Pol M. Habitat selection can reduce effects of extreme climatic events in a long-lived shorebird. J Anim Ecol 2019; 88:1474-1485. [PMID: 31175665 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the frequency of extreme climatic events (ECEs) can have profound impacts on individual fitness by degrading habitat quality. Organisms may respond to such changes through habitat selection, favouring those areas less affected by ECEs; however, documenting habitat selection in response to ECEs is difficult in the wild due to the rarity of such events and the long-term biological data required. Sea level rise and changing weather patterns over the past decades have led to an increase in the frequency of coastal flooding events, with serious consequences for ground nesting shorebirds. Shorebirds therefore present a useful natural study system to understand habitat selection as a response to ECEs. We used a 32-year study of the Eurasian oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus) to investigate whether habitat selection can lead to an increase in nest elevation and minimize the impacts of coastal flooding. The mean nest elevation of H. ostralegus has increased during the last three decades. We hypothesized that this change has been driven by changes in H. ostralegus territory settlement patterns over time. We compared various possible habitat selection cues to understand what information H. ostralegus might use to inform territory settlement. There was a clear relationship between elevation and territory settlement in H. ostralegus. In early years, settlements were more likely at low elevations but in more recent years the likelihood of settlement was similar between high and low elevation areas. Territory settlement was associated with conspecific fledgling output and conspecific density. Settlement was more likely in areas of high density and areas with high fledgling output. This study shows that habitat selection can minimize the effects of increasingly frequent ECEs. However, it seems unlikely that the changes we observe will fully alleviate the consequences of anthropogenic climate change. Rates of nest elevation increase were insufficient to track current increases in maximum high tide (0.5 vs. 0.8 cm/year). Furthermore, habitat selection cues that rely on information from previous breeding seasons (e.g. conspecific fledgling output) may become ineffective as ECEs become more frequent and environmental predictability is diminished.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liam D Bailey
- Evolution, Ecology & Genetics, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno J Ens
- Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christiaan Both
- Conservation Ecology Group, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dik Heg
- Clinical Trials Unit, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kees Oosterbeek
- Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn van de Pol
- Evolution, Ecology & Genetics, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Erm P, Hall MD, Phillips BL. Anywhere but here: local conditions motivate dispersal in Daphnia. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6599. [PMID: 30881769 PMCID: PMC6419717 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersal is fundamental to population dynamics. However, it is increasingly apparent that, despite most models treating dispersal as a constant, many organisms make dispersal decisions based upon information gathered from the environment. Ideally, organisms would make fully informed decisions, with knowledge of both intra-patch conditions (conditions in their current location) and extra-patch conditions (conditions in alternative locations). Acquiring information is energetically costly, however, and extra-patch information will typically be costlier to obtain than intra-patch information. As a consequence, theory suggests that organisms will often make partially informed dispersal decisions, utilising intra-patch information only. We test this proposition in an experimental two-patch system using populations of the aquatic crustacean, Daphnia carinata. We manipulated conditions (food availability) in the population's home patch, and in its alternative patch. We found that D. carinata made use of intra-patch information (resource availability in the home patch induced a 10-fold increase in dispersal probability) but either ignored or were incapable of using of extra-patch information (resource availability in the alternative patch did not affect dispersal probability). We also observed a small apparent increase in dispersal in replicates with higher population densities, but this effect was smaller than the effect of resource constraint, and not found to be significant. Our work highlights the considerable influence that information can have on dispersal probability, but also that dispersal decisions will often be made in only a partially informed manner. The magnitude of the response we observed also adds to the growing chorus that condition-dependence may be a significant driver of variation in dispersal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Erm
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew D Hall
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ben L Phillips
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mortier F, Jacob S, Vandegehuchte ML, Bonte D. Habitat choice stabilizes metapopulation dynamics by enabling ecological specialization. OIKOS 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.05885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Mortier
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Dept of Biology, Ghent Univ Karel Lodewijk Ledeganckstraat 35 BE‐9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Staffan Jacob
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS UMR5321 Moulis France
- Earth and Life Inst., Biodiversity Research Centre, Univ. Catholique de Louvain Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
| | - Martijn L. Vandegehuchte
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Dept of Biology, Ghent Univ Karel Lodewijk Ledeganckstraat 35 BE‐9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Dries Bonte
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Dept of Biology, Ghent Univ Karel Lodewijk Ledeganckstraat 35 BE‐9000 Ghent Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Langenhof MR, Komdeur J. Why and how the early-life environment affects development of coping behaviours. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2018; 72:34. [PMID: 29449757 PMCID: PMC5805793 DOI: 10.1007/s00265-018-2452-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the ways in which individuals cope with threats, respond to challenges, make use of opportunities and mediate the harmful effects of their surroundings is important for predicting their ability to function in a rapidly changing world. Perhaps one of the most essential drivers of coping behaviour of adults is the environment experienced during their early-life development. Although the study of coping, defined as behaviours displayed in response to environmental challenges, has a long and rich research history in biology, recent literature has repeatedly pointed out that the processes through which coping behaviours develop in individuals are still largely unknown. In this review, we make a move towards integrating ultimate and proximate lines of coping behaviour research. After broadly defining coping behaviours (1), we review why, from an evolutionary perspective, the development of coping has become tightly linked to the early-life environment (2), which relevant developmental processes are most important in creating coping behaviours adjusted to the early-life environment (3), which influences have been shown to impact those developmental processes (4) and what the adaptive significance of intergenerational transmission of coping behaviours is, in the context of behavioural adaptations to a fast changing world (5). Important concepts such as effects of parents, habitat, nutrition, social group and stress are discussed using examples from empirical studies on mammals, fish, birds and other animals. In the discussion, we address important problems that arise when studying the development of coping behaviours and suggest solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Rohaa Langenhof
- Behavioural Physiology and Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jan Komdeur
- Behavioural Physiology and Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hendrix R, Schmidt BR, Schaub M, Krause ET, Steinfartz S. Differentiation of movement behaviour in an adaptively diverging salamander population. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:6400-6413. [PMID: 28881403 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Dispersal is considered to be a species-specific trait, but intraspecific variation can be high. However, when and how this complex trait starts to differentiate during the divergence of species/lineages is unknown. Here, we studied the differentiation of movement behaviour in a large salamander population (Salamandra salamandra), in which individual adaptations to different habitat conditions drive the genetic divergence of this population into two subpopulations. In this system, salamanders have adapted to the deposition and development of their larvae in ephemeral ponds vs. small first-order streams. In general, the pond habitat is characterized as a spatially and temporally highly unpredictable habitat, while streams provide more stable and predictable conditions for the development of larvae. We analysed the fine-scale genetic distribution of larvae, and explored whether the adaptation to different larval habitat conditions has in turn also affected dispersal strategies and home range size of adult salamanders. Based on the genetic assignment of adult individuals to their respective larval habitat type, we show that pond-adapted salamanders occupied larger home ranges, displayed long-distance dispersal and had a higher variability of movement types than the stream-adapted individuals. We argue that the differentiation of phenotypically plastic traits such as dispersal and movement characteristics can be a crucial component in the course of adaptation to new habitat conditions, thereby promoting the genetic divergence of populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Hendrix
- Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Animal Behavior, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Benedikt R Schmidt
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,KARCH, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - E Tobias Krause
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Institute of Animal Welfare and Animal Husbandry, Celle, Germany
| | - Sebastian Steinfartz
- Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Saastamoinen M, Bocedi G, Cote J, Legrand D, Guillaume F, Wheat CW, Fronhofer EA, Garcia C, Henry R, Husby A, Baguette M, Bonte D, Coulon A, Kokko H, Matthysen E, Niitepõld K, Nonaka E, Stevens VM, Travis JMJ, Donohue K, Bullock JM, Del Mar Delgado M. Genetics of dispersal. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2017; 93:574-599. [PMID: 28776950 PMCID: PMC5811798 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dispersal is a process of central importance for the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of populations and communities, because of its diverse consequences for gene flow and demography. It is subject to evolutionary change, which begs the question, what is the genetic basis of this potentially complex trait? To address this question, we (i) review the empirical literature on the genetic basis of dispersal, (ii) explore how theoretical investigations of the evolution of dispersal have represented the genetics of dispersal, and (iii) discuss how the genetic basis of dispersal influences theoretical predictions of the evolution of dispersal and potential consequences. Dispersal has a detectable genetic basis in many organisms, from bacteria to plants and animals. Generally, there is evidence for significant genetic variation for dispersal or dispersal‐related phenotypes or evidence for the micro‐evolution of dispersal in natural populations. Dispersal is typically the outcome of several interacting traits, and this complexity is reflected in its genetic architecture: while some genes of moderate to large effect can influence certain aspects of dispersal, dispersal traits are typically polygenic. Correlations among dispersal traits as well as between dispersal traits and other traits under selection are common, and the genetic basis of dispersal can be highly environment‐dependent. By contrast, models have historically considered a highly simplified genetic architecture of dispersal. It is only recently that models have started to consider multiple loci influencing dispersal, as well as non‐additive effects such as dominance and epistasis, showing that the genetic basis of dispersal can influence evolutionary rates and outcomes, especially under non‐equilibrium conditions. For example, the number of loci controlling dispersal can influence projected rates of dispersal evolution during range shifts and corresponding demographic impacts. Incorporating more realism in the genetic architecture of dispersal is thus necessary to enable models to move beyond the purely theoretical towards making more useful predictions of evolutionary and ecological dynamics under current and future environmental conditions. To inform these advances, empirical studies need to answer outstanding questions concerning whether specific genes underlie dispersal variation, the genetic architecture of context‐dependent dispersal phenotypes and behaviours, and correlations among dispersal and other traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marjo Saastamoinen
- Department of Biosciences, Metapopulation Research Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Greta Bocedi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, U.K
| | - Julien Cote
- Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique UMR5174, CNRS, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Delphine Legrand
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, SETE Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, UMR 5321, 09200 Moulis, France
| | - Frédéric Guillaume
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christopher W Wheat
- Population Genetics, Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emanuel A Fronhofer
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Garcia
- CIBIO-InBIO, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Roslyn Henry
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, U.K.,School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH89XP, U.K
| | - Arild Husby
- Department of Biosciences, Metapopulation Research Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michel Baguette
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, SETE Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, UMR 5321, 09200 Moulis, France.,Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Institut Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, UMR 7205, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Dries Bonte
- Department of Biology, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aurélie Coulon
- PSL Research University, CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier, EPHE, Biogéographie et Ecologie des Vertébrés, 34293 Montpellier, France.,CESCO UMR 7204, Bases écologiques de la conservation, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Hanna Kokko
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erik Matthysen
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Kristjan Niitepõld
- Department of Biosciences, Metapopulation Research Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Etsuko Nonaka
- Department of Biosciences, Metapopulation Research Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Virginie M Stevens
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, SETE Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, UMR 5321, 09200 Moulis, France
| | - Justin M J Travis
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, U.K
| | | | - James M Bullock
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford OX10 8BB, U.K
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
|
30
|
Spiegel O, Crofoot MC. The feedback between where we go and what we know — information shapes movement, but movement also impacts information acquisition. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
31
|
Kingma SA, Bebbington K, Hammers M, Richardson DS, Komdeur J. Delayed dispersal and the costs and benefits of different routes to independent breeding in a cooperatively breeding bird. Evolution 2016; 70:2595-2610. [PMID: 27641712 PMCID: PMC5132126 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Why sexually mature individuals stay in groups as nonreproductive subordinates is central to the evolution of sociality and cooperative breeding. To understand such delayed dispersal, its costs and benefits need to be compared with those of permanently leaving to float through the population. However, comprehensive comparisons, especially regarding differences in future breeding opportunities, are rare. Moreover, extraterritorial prospecting by philopatric individuals has generally been ignored, even though the factors underlying this route to independent breeding may differ from those of strict philopatry or floating. We use a comprehensive predictive framework to explore how various costs, benefits and intrinsic, environmental and social factors explain philopatry, prospecting, and floating in Seychelles warblers (Acrocephalus sechellensis). Not only floaters more likely obtained an independent breeding position before the next season than strictly philopatric individuals, but also suffered higher mortality. Prospecting yielded similar benefits to floating but lower mortality costs, suggesting that it is overall more beneficial than floating and strict philopatry. While prospecting is probably individual‐driven, although limited by resource availability, floating likely results from eviction by unrelated breeders. Such differences in proximate and ultimate factors underlying each route to independent breeding highlight the need for simultaneous consideration when studying the evolution of delayed dispersal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sjouke A Kingma
- Behavioural & Physiological Ecology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, 9700CC, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Kat Bebbington
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Martijn Hammers
- Behavioural & Physiological Ecology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, 9700CC, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - David S Richardson
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom.,Nature Seychelles, Mahé, Seychelles
| | - Jan Komdeur
- Behavioural & Physiological Ecology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, 9700CC, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Poethke HJ, Kubisch A, Mitesser O, Hovestadt T. The evolution of density-dependent dispersal under limited information. Ecol Modell 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
33
|
|
34
|
Tanaka H, Frommen JG, Takahashi T, Kohda M. Predation risk promotes delayed dispersal in the cooperatively breeding cichlid Neolamprologus obscurus. Anim Behav 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
35
|
Poethke HJ, Kubisch A, Mitesser O, Hovestadt T. The Adequate Use of Limited Information in Dispersal Decisions. Am Nat 2016; 187:136-42. [PMID: 27277410 DOI: 10.1086/684190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Several theoretical studies predict that informed (e.g., density-dependent) dispersal should generally result in lower emigration probabilities than uninformed (random) dispersal. In a 2012 publication, Bocedi et al. surprisingly come to the opposite conclusion. For most scenarios investigated, they found that noninformed and, particularly, less precisely informed dispersers evolve lower dispersal propensity than dispersers following "fully informed" strategies. Further, they observed that fully informed individuals evolved a steplike dispersal response-a response to local density that contradicts theoretical predictions for organisms with nonoverlapping generations. Replicating the individual-based simulations of Bocedi et al. we find that these conclusions are not justified and are based on a misinterpretation of simulation results: their controversial findings result from (i) a misleading use of the term "population density," (ii) a misconception concerning the true informative value of the different decision criteria they compared, and (iii) arbitrary constraints on the evolution of the dispersal response that prevented the evolution of strategies that allow for a fitness-enhancing utilization of available information.
Collapse
|
36
|
Cote J, Bocedi G, Debeffe L, Chudzińska ME, Weigang HC, Dytham C, Gonzalez G, Matthysen E, Travis J, Baguette M, Hewison AJM. Behavioural synchronization of large-scale animal movements - disperse alone, but migrate together? Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2016; 92:1275-1296. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Cote
- ENFA and UMR 5174 EDB (Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique), CNRS; Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier; Toulouse cedex 9 F-31062 France
| | - Greta Bocedi
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences; University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen AB24 2TZ UK
| | - Lucie Debeffe
- CEFS, INRA; Université de Toulouse; Castanet Tolosan 31320 France
- Department of Biology; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK S7N 5E2 Canada
| | | | - Helene C. Weigang
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 68 Helsinki 00014 Finland
| | - Calvin Dytham
- Department of Biology; University of York; York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Georges Gonzalez
- CEFS, INRA; Université de Toulouse; Castanet Tolosan 31320 France
| | - Erik Matthysen
- Department of Biology; University of Antwerp; Antwerp B-2610 Belgium
| | - Justin Travis
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences; University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen AB24 2TZ UK
| | - Michel Baguette
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Experimentale; CNRS UMR 5321; Moulis 09200 France
- Institut De Systématique, Evolution et Biodiversité, UMR 7205; Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; Paris cedex 5 FR-75005 France
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Dahirel M, Vardakis M, Ansart A, Madec L. Density-dependence across dispersal stages in a hermaphrodite land snail: insights from discrete choice models. Oecologia 2016; 181:1117-28. [PMID: 27139427 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-016-3636-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Dispersal movements, i.e. movements leading to gene flow, are key behaviours with important, but only partially understood, consequences for the dynamics and evolution of populations. In particular, density-dependent dispersal has been widely described, yet how it is determined by the interaction with individual traits, and whether density effects differ between the three steps of dispersal (departure, transience, and settlement), remains largely unknown. Using a semi-natural landscape, we studied dispersal choices of Cornu aspersum land snails, a species in which negative effects of crowding are well documented, and analysed them using dispersal discrete choice models, a new method allowing the analysis of dispersal decisions by explicitly considering the characteristics of all available alternatives and their interaction with individual traits. Subadults were more dispersive than adults, confirming existing results. In addition, departure and settlement were both density dependent: snails avoided crowded patches at both ends of the dispersal process, and subadults were more reluctant to settle into crowded patches than adults. Moreover, we found support for carry-over effects of release density on subsequent settlement decisions: snails from crowded contexts were more sensitive to density in their subsequent immigration choices. The fact that settlement decisions were informed indicates that costs of prospecting are not as important as previously thought in snails, and/or that snails use alternative ways to collect information, such as indirect social information (e.g. trail following). The observed density-dependent dispersal dynamics may play an important role in the ability of C. aspersum to successfully colonise frequently human-disturbed habitats around the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Dahirel
- CNRS/University of Rennes 1, UMR 6553 Ecosystems, Biodiversity and Evolution (ECOBIO), Rennes, France. .,Terrestrial Ecology Group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | | | - Armelle Ansart
- CNRS/University of Rennes 1, UMR 6553 Ecosystems, Biodiversity and Evolution (ECOBIO), Rennes, France
| | - Luc Madec
- CNRS/University of Rennes 1, UMR 6553 Ecosystems, Biodiversity and Evolution (ECOBIO), Rennes, France
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Groenewoud F, Frommen JG, Josi D, Tanaka H, Jungwirth A, Taborsky M. Predation risk drives social complexity in cooperative breeders. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:4104-9. [PMID: 27035973 PMCID: PMC4839406 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1524178113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Predation risk is a major ecological factor selecting for group living. It is largely ignored, however, as an evolutionary driver of social complexity and cooperative breeding, which is attributed mainly to a combination of habitat saturation and enhanced relatedness levels. Social cichlids neither suffer from habitat saturation, nor are their groups composed primarily of relatives. This demands alternative ecological explanations for the evolution of advanced social organization. To address this question, we compared the ecology of eight populations of Neolamprologus pulcher, a cichlid fish arguably representing the pinnacle of social evolution in poikilothermic vertebrates. Results show that variation in social organization and behavior of these fish is primarily explained by predation risk and related ecological factors. Remarkably, ecology affects group structure more strongly than group size, with predation inversely affecting small and large group members. High predation and shelter limitation leads to groups containing few small but many large members, which is an effect enhanced at low population densities. Apparently, enhanced safety from predators by cooperative defense and shelter construction are the primary benefits of sociality. This finding suggests that predation risk can be fundamental for the transition toward complex social organization, which is generally undervalued.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Groenewoud
- Department of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3032 Hinterkappelen, Switzerland; Behavioural and Physiological Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Joachim Gerhard Frommen
- Department of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3032 Hinterkappelen, Switzerland
| | - Dario Josi
- Department of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3032 Hinterkappelen, Switzerland
| | - Hirokazu Tanaka
- Laboratory of Animal Sociology, Department of Biology and Geosciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Arne Jungwirth
- Department of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3032 Hinterkappelen, Switzerland
| | - Michael Taborsky
- Department of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3032 Hinterkappelen, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Bocedi G, Travis JMJ. Models of Dispersal Evolution Highlight Several Important Issues in Evolutionary and Ecological Modeling. Am Nat 2016; 187:143-50. [DOI: 10.1086/684191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
40
|
Jungwirth A, Walker J, Taborsky M. Prospecting precedes dispersal and increases survival chances in cooperatively breeding cichlids. Anim Behav 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
41
|
Evolution of dispersal in spatially and temporally variable environments: The importance of life cycles. Evolution 2015; 69:1925-37. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
42
|
Jacob S, Chaine AS, Schtickzelle N, Huet M, Clobert J. Social information from immigrants: multiple immigrant-based sources of information for dispersal decisions in a ciliate. J Anim Ecol 2015; 84:1373-83. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Staffan Jacob
- Station d'Ecologie Expérimentale du CNRS à Moulis; USR CNRS 2936; 2 route du CNRS 09200 Moulis France
| | - Alexis S. Chaine
- Station d'Ecologie Expérimentale du CNRS à Moulis; USR CNRS 2936; 2 route du CNRS 09200 Moulis France
| | - Nicolas Schtickzelle
- Earth and Life Institute & Biodiversity Research Centre; Université catholique de Louvain; Croix du Sud 4 L7.07.04 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
| | - Michèle Huet
- Station d'Ecologie Expérimentale du CNRS à Moulis; USR CNRS 2936; 2 route du CNRS 09200 Moulis France
| | - Jean Clobert
- Station d'Ecologie Expérimentale du CNRS à Moulis; USR CNRS 2936; 2 route du CNRS 09200 Moulis France
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ponchon A, Garnier R, Grémillet D, Boulinier T. Predicting population responses to environmental change: the importance of considering informed dispersal strategies in spatially structured population models. DIVERS DISTRIB 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Ponchon
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive CEFE‐CNRS Université Montpellier UMR 5175 Montpellier 34293 France
| | - Romain Garnier
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
| | - David Grémillet
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive CEFE‐CNRS Université Montpellier UMR 5175 Montpellier 34293 France
- Percy FitzPatrick Institute DST/NRF Centre of Excellence University of Cape Town Rondebosch 7701 South Africa
| | - Thierry Boulinier
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive CEFE‐CNRS Université Montpellier UMR 5175 Montpellier 34293 France
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ramanantoanina A, Ouhinou A, Hui C. Spatial assortment of mixed propagules explains the acceleration of range expansion. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103409. [PMID: 25105414 PMCID: PMC4126666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Range expansion of spreading organisms has been found to follow three types: (i) linear expansion with a constant rate of spread; (ii) bi-phase expansion with a faster linear expansion following a slower linear expansion; and (iii) accelerating expansion with a continuously increasing rate of spread. To date, no overarching formula exists that can be applied to all three types of range expansion. We investigated how propagule pressure, i.e., the initial number of individuals and their composition in terms of dispersal ability, affects the spread of a population. A system of integrodifference equations was then used to model the spatiotemporal dynamics of the population. We studied the dynamics of dispersal ability as well as the instantaneous and asymptotic rate of spread. We found that individuals with different dispersal abilities were spatially sorted with the stronger dispersers situated at the expanding range front, causing the velocity of expansion to accelerate. The instantaneous rate of spread was found to be fully determined by the growth and dispersal abilities of the population at the advancing edge of the invasion. We derived a formula for the asymptotic rate of spread under different scenarios of propagule pressure. The results suggest that data collected from the core of the invasion may underestimate the spreading rate of the population. Aside from better managing of invasive species, the derived formula could conceivably also be applied to conservation management of relocated, endangered or extra-limital species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andriamihaja Ramanantoanina
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
- Mathematical and Physical Biosciences, African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Muizenberg, South Africa
- * E-mail:
| | - Aziz Ouhinou
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni-Mellal, Morocco
| | - Cang Hui
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
- Mathematical and Physical Biosciences, African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Muizenberg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Duputié A, Massol F. An empiricist's guide to theoretical predictions on the evolution of dispersal. Interface Focus 2014; 3:20130028. [PMID: 24516715 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2013.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersal, the tendency for organisms to reproduce away from their parents, influences many evolutionary and ecological processes, from speciation and extinction events, to the coexistence of genotypes within species or biological invasions. Understanding how dispersal evolves is crucial to predict how global changes might affect species persistence and geographical distribution. The factors driving the evolution of dispersal have been well characterized from a theoretical standpoint, and predictions have been made about their respective influence on, for example, dispersal polymorphism or the emergence of dispersal syndromes. However, the experimental tests of some theories remain scarce partly because a synthetic view of theoretical advances is still lacking. Here, we review the different ingredients of models of dispersal evolution, from selective pressures and types of predictions, through mathematical and ecological assumptions, to the methods used to obtain predictions. We provide perspectives as to which predictions are easiest to test, how theories could be better exploited to provide testable predictions, what theoretical developments are needed to tackle this topic, and we place the question of the evolution of dispersal within the larger interdisciplinary framework of eco-evolutionary dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Duputié
- UMR 5175 CEFE, Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CNRS) , 1919 Route de Mende, Montpellier cedex 05 34293 , France
| | - François Massol
- UMR 5175 CEFE, Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CNRS) , 1919 Route de Mende, Montpellier cedex 05 34293 , France
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Shaw AK, Kokko H. Mate finding, Allee effects and selection for sex-biased dispersal. J Anim Ecol 2014; 83:1256-67. [PMID: 24738755 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Although dispersal requires context-dependent decision-making in three distinct stages (emigration, transit, immigration), these decisions are commonly ignored in simple models of dispersal. For sexually reproducing organisms, mate availability is an important factor in dispersal decisions. Difficulty finding mates can lead to an Allee effect where population growth decreases at low densities. Surprisingly, theoretical studies on mate finding and on sex-biased dispersal produce opposing predictions: in the former, one sex is predicted to move less if the other sex evolves to search more, whereas in the latter, mate-finding difficulties can select for less sex bias in dispersal when mate finding occurs after dispersal. Here, we develop a pair of models to examine the joint evolution of dispersal and settlement behaviour. Our first model resolves the apparent contradiction from the mate search and dispersal literatures. Our second model demonstrates that the relationship between mating system and sex-biased dispersal is more complex than a simple contrast between resource defence monogamy and female defence polygyny. Our results highlight that a key factor is the timing of mating relative to dispersal (before, during, or after). We also show that although movement has the potential to alleviate a mate-finding Allee effect, in some cases, it can actually exacerbate the effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison K Shaw
- Division of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia.,Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Hanna Kokko
- Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions, Division of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Buoro M, Carlson SM. Life-history syndromes: integrating dispersal through space and time. Ecol Lett 2014; 17:756-67. [PMID: 24690406 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has highlighted interdependencies between dispersal and other life-history traits, i.e. dispersal syndromes, thereby revealing constraints on the evolution of dispersal and opportunities for improved ability to predict dispersal by considering suites of dispersal-related traits. This review adds to the growing list of life-history traits linked to spatial dispersal by emphasising the interdependence between dispersal through space and time, i.e. life-history diversity that distributes individuals into separate reproductive events. We reviewed the literature that has simultaneously investigated spatial and temporal dispersal to examine the prediction that traits of these two dispersal strategies are negatively correlated. Our results suggest that negative covariation is widely anticipated from theory. Empirical studies often reported evidence of weak negative covariation, although more complicated patterns were also evident, including across levels of biological organisation. Existing literature has largely focused on plants with dormancy capability, one or two phases of the dispersal process (emigration and/or transfer) and a single level of biological organisation (theory: individual; empirical: species). We highlight patterns of covariation across levels of organisation and conclude with a discussion of the consequences of dispersal through space and time and future research areas that should improve our understanding of dispersal-related life-history syndromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Buoro
- Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management, University of California, 130 Mulford Hall #3114, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3114, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Hörnell‐Willebrand M, Willebrand T, Smith AA. Seasonal movements and dispersal patterns: Implications for recruitment and management of willow ptarmigan (
Lagopus lagopus
). J Wildl Manage 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hörnell‐Willebrand
- Faculty of Applied Ecology and Agricultural SciencesHedmark University CollegeN‐2480EvenstadNorway
| | - Tomas Willebrand
- Faculty of Applied Ecology and Agricultural SciencesHedmark University CollegeN‐2480EvenstadNorway
| | - Adam A. Smith
- Game & Wildlife Conservation TrustThe Control Tower, Perth AirportPerthshirePH2 6PLScotland
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Henry RC, Bocedi G, Dytham C, Travis JMJ. Inter-annual variability influences the eco-evolutionary dynamics of range-shifting. PeerJ 2014; 2:e228. [PMID: 24498572 PMCID: PMC3912520 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the eco-evolutionary dynamics of species under rapid climate change is vital for both accurate forecasting of biodiversity responses and for developing effective management strategies. Using an individual-based model we demonstrate that the presence and form (colour) of inter-annual variability in environmental conditions can impact the evolution of dispersal during range shifts. Under stable climate, temporal variability typically results in higher dispersal. However, at expanding margins, inter-annual variability actually inhibits the evolution of higher emigration propensities by disrupting the spatial sorting and natural selection processes. These results emphasize the need for future theoretical studies, as well as predictive modelling, to account for the potential impacts of inter-annual variability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roslyn C Henry
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen , UK
| | - Greta Bocedi
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen , UK
| | - Calvin Dytham
- Department of Biology, University of York , Heslington, York , UK
| | - Justin M J Travis
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen , UK
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Delgado MM, Bartoń KA, Bonte D, Travis JMJ. Prospecting and dispersal: their eco-evolutionary dynamics and implications for population patterns. Proc Biol Sci 2014; 281:20132851. [PMID: 24452023 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2013.2851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersal is not a blind process, and evidence is accumulating that individual dispersal strategies are informed in most, if not all, organisms. The acquisition and use of information are traits that may evolve across space and time as a function of the balance between costs and benefits of informed dispersal. If information is available, individuals can potentially use it in making better decisions, thereby increasing their fitness. However, prospecting for and using information probably entail costs that may constrain the evolution of informed dispersal, potentially with population-level consequences. By using individual-based, spatially explicit simulations, we detected clear coevolutionary dynamics between prospecting and dispersal movement strategies that differed in sign and magnitude depending on their respective costs. More specifically, we found that informed dispersal strategies evolve when the costs of information acquisition during prospecting are low but only if there are mortality costs associated with dispersal movements. That is, selection favours informed dispersal strategies when the acquisition and use processes themselves were not too expensive. When non-informed dispersal strategies evolve, they do so jointly with the evolution of long dispersal distance because this maximizes the sampling area. In some cases, selection produces dispersal rules different from those that would be 'optimal' (i.e. the best possible population performance--in our context quantitatively measured as population density and patch occupancy--among all possible individual movement rules) for the population. That is, on the one hand, informed dispersal strategies led to population performance below its highest possible level. On the other hand, un- and poorly informed individuals nearly optimized population performance, both in terms of density and patch occupancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M Delgado
- Metapopulation Research Group, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, , 00014, Finland, Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, , C.S.I.C., c/ Americo Vespucio s/n, 41092 Seville, Spain, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, , Zoology Building, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK, Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Biozentrum, University of Würzburg, , Glashüttenstrasse 5, 96181 Rauhenebrach, Germany, Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, , K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|