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Zeng Q, Huang Q, Wang H, Li C, Fan Z, Chen D, Cheng Y, Zeng K. Breaking the Fundamental Limitations of Nanoscale Ferroelectric Characterization: Non-Contact Heterodyne Electrostrain Force Microscopy. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2100639. [PMID: 34927968 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Perceiving nanoscale ferroelectric phenomena from real space is of great importance for elucidating underlying ferroelectric physics. During the past decades, nanoscale ferroelectric characterization has mainly relied on the Piezoresponse Force Microscopy (PFM) invented in 1992, however, the fundamental limitations of PFM have made the nanoscale ferroelectric studies encounter significant bottlenecks. In this study, a high-resolution non-contact ferroelectric measurement, named Non-Contact Heterodyne Electrostrain Force Microscopy (NC-HEsFM), is introduced. It is demonstrated that NC-HEsFM can operate on multiple eigenmodes to perform ideal high-resolution ferroelectric domain mapping, standard ferroelectric hysteresis loop measurement, and controllable domain manipulation. By using a quartz tuning fork (QTF) sensor, multi-frequency operation, and heterodyne detection schemes, NC-HEsFM achieves a real non-contact yet non-destructive ferroelectric characterization with negligible electrostatic force effect and hence breaks the fundamental limitations of the conventional PFM. It is believed that NC-HEsFM can be extensively used in various ferroelectric or piezoelectric studies with providing substantially improved characterization performance. Meanwhile, the QTF-based force detection makes NC-HEsFM highly compatible for high-vacuum and low-temperature environments, providing ideal conditions for investigating the intrinsic ferroelectric phenomena with the possibility of achieving an atomically resolved ferroelectric characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibin Zeng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Qicheng Huang
- Institute for Advanced Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hongli Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
- The Key Lab of Guangdong for Modern Surface Engineering Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Materials Surface Engineering Technology, Institute of New Materials, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Caiwen Li
- Institute for Advanced Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhen Fan
- Institute for Advanced Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Deyang Chen
- Institute for Advanced Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Institute of High-Performance Computing, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, 138632, Singapore
- Monash Suzhou Research Institute, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Kaiyang Zeng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
- NUS (Suzhou) Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou, 215123, China
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Li H, Jin Y, Zhao Y, Li W, He Z, Zhang Q, Huang H, Lin J, Chen Y, Xing D, Du Y, Lin J. Targeted cell therapy for partial-thickness cartilage defects using membrane modified mesenchymal stem cells by transglutaminase 2. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120994. [PMID: 34214786 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Unlike full-thickness cartilage defects (FCD), partial-thickness cartilage defects (PCD) may still have residual healthy cartilage tissue, and therefore, the conventional clinical treatments such as microfracture and autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) are so traumatic that they may not be the suitable therapies for PCD. Although intra-articular injection of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a minimally invasive treatment, its therapeutic efficacy is markedly limited due to anoikis caused by failure of cell colonization in the injured area. By modifying a functional polypeptide on the MSC plasma membrane and exploiting the high expression of transglutaminase 2 (TGase2) in the regions of injured cartilage, we achieved targeted recognition and capture of modified MSCs by injured articular chondrocytes (ACs). In the in vitro co-culture model, MSCs improved the function of injured ACs and enhanced the chondrogenic differentiation potential of MSCs. Results of in vitro study also revealed that the activation of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway may play an important role in the treatment of injured ACs by MSCs. Further, membrane-modified MSCs exhibited a better therapeutic effect than wide-type MSCs in a rabbit model of PCD. Thus, this unique cell membrane modification strategy provides a new cell-based therapeutic approach for the early treatment of articular cartilage defects and other joint diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Arthritis Clinic & Research Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China; Arthritis Institute, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yuhong Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Arthritis Clinic & Research Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China; Arthritis Institute, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zihao He
- Arthritis Clinic & Research Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China; Arthritis Institute, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Qingxi Zhang
- Arthritis Clinic & Research Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China; Arthritis Institute, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Hesuyuan Huang
- Arthritis Clinic & Research Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China; Arthritis Institute, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Jianjing Lin
- Arthritis Clinic & Research Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China; Arthritis Institute, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yuyang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Dan Xing
- Arthritis Clinic & Research Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China; Arthritis Institute, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Yanan Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Jianhao Lin
- Arthritis Clinic & Research Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China; Arthritis Institute, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China.
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3
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Molecular dynamics simulation of bimodal atomic force microscopy. Ultramicroscopy 2020; 212:112971. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2020.112971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kim D, Han SA, Kim JH, Lee JH, Kim SW, Lee SW. Biomolecular Piezoelectric Materials: From Amino Acids to Living Tissues. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1906989. [PMID: 32103565 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201906989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecular piezoelectric materials are considered a strong candidate material for biomedical applications due to their robust piezoelectricity, biocompatibility, and low dielectric property. The electric field has been found to affect tissue development and regeneration, and the piezoelectric properties of biological materials in the human body are known to provide electric fields by pressure. Therefore, great attention has been paid to the understanding of piezoelectricity in biological tissues and its building blocks. The aim herein is to describe the principle of piezoelectricity in biological materials from the very basic building blocks (i.e., amino acids, peptides, proteins, etc.) to highly organized tissues (i.e., bones, skin, etc.). Research progress on the piezoelectricity within various biological materials is summarized, including amino acids, peptides, proteins, and tissues. The mechanisms and origin of piezoelectricity within various biological materials are also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daeyeong Kim
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang A Han
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Squires Way, North Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
| | - Jung Ho Kim
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Squires Way, North Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
| | - Ju-Hyuck Lee
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Wuk Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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5
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Li J, Long Y, Yang F, Wang X. Degradable Piezoelectric Biomaterials for Wearable and Implantable Bioelectronics. CURRENT OPINION IN SOLID STATE & MATERIALS SCIENCE 2020; 24:100806. [PMID: 32313430 PMCID: PMC7170261 DOI: 10.1016/j.cossms.2020.100806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Current bioelectronics are facing a paradigm shift from old-fashioned unrecyclable materials to green and degradable functional materials with desired biocompatibility. As an essential electromechanical coupling component in many bioelectronics, new piezoelectric materials are being developed with biodegradability, as well as desired mechanical and electromechanical properties for the next generation implantable and wearable bioelectronics. In this review, we provide an overview of the major advancements in biodegradable piezoelectric materials. Different natural (such as peptide, amino acids, proteins, cellulose, chitin, silk, collagen, and M13 phage) and synthetic piezoelectric materials (such as polylactic acid) are discussed to reveal the underlying electromechanical coupling mechanism at the molecular level, together with typical approaches to the alignment of orientation and polarization to boost their electromechanical performance. Meanwhile, in vivo and in vitro degradation manners of those piezoelectric materials are summarized and compared. Representative developments of typical electronic prototypes leveraging these materials are also discussed. At last, challenges toward practical applications are pointed out together with potential research opportunities that might be critical in this new materials research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Yin Long
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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6
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Cui A, Wolf PD, Ye Y, Hu Z, Dujardin A, Huang Z, Jiang K, Shang L, Ye M, Sun H, Chu J. Probing electromechanical behaviors by datacube piezoresponse force microscopy in ambient and aqueous environments. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:235701. [PMID: 30780144 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab0866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
For assisting the in-depth investigations of widespread electromechanical phenomena in functional materials, piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) has gradually evolved to realize full information-flow acquisition and fit the conductive liquid working environments. Here, we designed data cube (DCUBE) based PFM to collect the electromechanical effect into a high-dimensional array of piezoresponse by adding ac bias with a wide range of frequencies to the probe. The electromechanical and mechanical spectra can be consecutively extracted at each pixel in the intermittent-contact mode. High-resolution ferroelectric domains of the poled LiNbO3 were mapped, corresponding to the ideal phase contrasts of about 180° in air, decane, and deionized water. Rich information detection and non-contact mode in DCUBE-PFM bring many merits on the electromechanical characterizations, especially for elastic-inhomogeneous surfaces and soft materials. Moreover, we systematically reveal the Debye screening effect and time-resolved field-oriented ion dynamics, which play crucial roles in the reduction of PFM spatial resolution in electrolytes. These physical discussions provide strategies to further realize high-resolution electromechanical imaging in highly conductive liquid environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyang Cui
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE) and Technical Center for Multifunctional Magneto-Optical Spectroscopy (Shanghai), Department of Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
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7
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Collins L, Kilpatrick JI, Kalinin SV, Rodriguez BJ. Towards nanoscale electrical measurements in liquid by advanced KPFM techniques: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2018; 81:086101. [PMID: 29990308 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aab560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fundamental mechanisms of energy storage, corrosion, sensing, and multiple biological functionalities are directly coupled to electrical processes and ionic dynamics at solid-liquid interfaces. In many cases, these processes are spatially inhomogeneous taking place at grain boundaries, step edges, point defects, ion channels, etc and possess complex time and voltage dependent dynamics. This necessitates time-resolved and real-space probing of these phenomena. In this review, we discuss the applications of force-sensitive voltage modulated scanning probe microscopy (SPM) for probing electrical phenomena at solid-liquid interfaces. We first describe the working principles behind electrostatic and Kelvin probe force microscopies (EFM & KPFM) at the gas-solid interface, review the state of the art in advanced KPFM methods and developments to (i) overcome limitations of classical KPFM, (ii) expand the information accessible from KPFM, and (iii) extend KPFM operation to liquid environments. We briefly discuss the theoretical framework of electrical double layer (EDL) forces and dynamics, the implications and breakdown of classical EDL models for highly charged interfaces or under high ion concentrations, and describe recent modifications of the classical EDL theory relevant for understanding nanoscale electrical measurements at the solid-liquid interface. We further review the latest achievements in mapping surface charge, dielectric constants, and electrodynamic and electrochemical processes in liquids. Finally, we outline the key challenges and opportunities that exist in the field of nanoscale electrical measurements in liquid as well as providing a roadmap for the future development of liquid KPFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Collins
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States of America. Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States of America
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8
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Strelcov E, Ahmadi M, Kalinin SV. Nanoscale Transport Imaging of Active Lateral Devices: Static and Frequency Dependent Modes. KELVIN PROBE FORCE MICROSCOPY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-75687-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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9
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Balke N, Jesse S, Carmichael B, Okatan MB, Kravchenko II, Kalinin SV, Tselev A. Quantification of in-contact probe-sample electrostatic forces with dynamic atomic force microscopy. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:065704. [PMID: 28050969 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa5370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) methods utilizing resonant mechanical vibrations of cantilevers in contact with a sample surface have shown sensitivities as high as few picometers for detecting surface displacements. Such a high sensitivity is harnessed in several AFM imaging modes. Here, we demonstrate a cantilever-resonance-based method to quantify electrostatic forces on a probe in the probe-sample junction in the presence of a surface potential or when a bias voltage is applied to the AFM probe. We find that the electrostatic forces acting on the probe tip apex can produce signals equivalent to a few pm of surface displacement. In combination with modeling, the measurements of the force were used to access the strength of the electrical field at the probe tip apex in contact with a sample. We find an evidence that the electric field strength in the junction can reach ca. 1 V nm-1 at a bias voltage of a few volts and is limited by non-ideality of the tip-sample contact. This field is sufficiently strong to significantly influence material states and kinetic processes through charge injection, Maxwell stress, shifts of phase equilibria, and reduction of energy barriers for activated processes. Besides, the results provide a baseline for accounting for the effects of local electrostatic forces in electromechanical AFM measurements as well as offer additional means to probe ionic mobility and field-induced phenomena in solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Balke
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
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10
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Balke N, Jesse S, Yu P, Kalinin SV, Tselev A. Quantification of surface displacements and electromechanical phenomena via dynamic atomic force microscopy. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:425707. [PMID: 27631885 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/42/425707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Detection of dynamic surface displacements associated with local changes in material strain provides access to a number of phenomena and material properties. Contact resonance-enhanced methods of atomic force microscopy (AFM) have been shown capable of detecting ∼1-3 pm-level surface displacements, an approach used in techniques such as piezoresponse force microscopy, atomic force acoustic microscopy, and ultrasonic force microscopy. Here, based on an analytical model of AFM cantilever vibrations, we demonstrate a guideline to quantify surface displacements with high accuracy by taking into account the cantilever shape at the first resonant contact mode, depending on the tip-sample contact stiffness. The approach has been experimentally verified and further developed for piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) using well-defined ferroelectric materials. These results open up a way to accurate and precise measurements of surface displacement as well as piezoelectric constants at the pm-scale with nanometer spatial resolution and will allow avoiding erroneous data interpretations and measurement artifacts. This analysis is directly applicable to all cantilever-resonance-based scanning probe microscopy (SPM) techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Balke
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
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11
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Ryan K, Beirne J, Redmond G, Kilpatrick JI, Guyonnet J, Buchete NV, Kholkin AL, Rodriguez BJ. Nanoscale Piezoelectric Properties of Self-Assembled Fmoc-FF Peptide Fibrous Networks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:12702-12707. [PMID: 25994251 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b01251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Fibrous peptide networks, such as the structural framework of self-assembled fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl diphenylalanine (Fmoc-FF) nanofibrils, have mechanical properties that could successfully mimic natural tissues, making them promising materials for tissue engineering scaffolds. These nanomaterials have been determined to exhibit shear piezoelectricity using piezoresponse force microscopy, as previously reported for FF nanotubes. Structural analyses of Fmoc-FF nanofibrils suggest that the observed piezoelectric response may result from the noncentrosymmetric nature of an underlying β-sheet topology. The observed piezoelectricity of Fmoc-FF fibrous networks is advantageous for a range of biomedical applications where electrical or mechanical stimuli are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Ryan
- †School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- ‡Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Jason Beirne
- §School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Gareth Redmond
- §School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Jason I Kilpatrick
- ‡Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Jill Guyonnet
- †School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- ‡Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Nicolae-Viorel Buchete
- †School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- ∥Complex and Adaptive Systems Laboratory, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Andrei L Kholkin
- #Ural Federal University, Lenin Ave. 51, Ekaterinburg 620083, Russia
| | - Brian J Rodriguez
- †School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- ‡Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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12
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Li J, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Cai HL, Xiong RG. Molecular ferroelectrics: where electronics meet biology. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:20786-96. [PMID: 24018952 PMCID: PMC3836842 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp52501e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the last several years, we have witnessed significant advances in molecular ferroelectrics, with the ferroelectric properties of molecular crystals approaching those of barium titanate. In addition, ferroelectricity has been observed in biological systems, filling an important missing link in bioelectric phenomena. In this perspective, we will present short historical notes on ferroelectrics, followed by an overview of the fundamentals of ferroelectricity. The latest developments in molecular ferroelectrics and biological ferroelectricity will then be highlighted, and their implications and potential applications will be discussed. We close by noting molecular ferroelectric as an exciting frontier between electronics and biology, and a number of challenges ahead are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyu Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-2600, USA.
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13
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Chow MJ, Chen NQ, Ma F, Zhang Y, Li J. Glucose suppresses biological ferroelectricity in aortic elastin. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:168101. [PMID: 23679639 PMCID: PMC3865614 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.168101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Elastin is an intriguing extracellular matrix protein present in all connective tissues of vertebrates, rendering essential elasticity to connective tissues subjected to repeated physiological stresses. Using piezoresponse force microscopy, we show that the polarity of aortic elastin is switchable by an electrical field, which may be associated with the recently discovered biological ferroelectricity in the aorta. More interestingly, it is discovered that the switching in aortic elastin is largely suppressed by glucose treatment, which appears to freeze the internal asymmetric polar structures of elastin, making it much harder to switch, or suppressing the switching completely. Such loss of ferroelectricity could have important physiological and pathological implications from aging to arteriosclerosis that are closely related to glycation of elastin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanming Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2600, USA
| | - Yunjie Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Ming-Jay Chow
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Nataly Q. Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2600, USA
| | - Feiyue Ma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2600, USA
| | - Yanhang Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Jiangyu Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2600, USA
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14
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Liu Y, Zhang Y, Chow MJ, Chen QN, Li J. Biological ferroelectricity uncovered in aortic walls by piezoresponse force microscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:078103. [PMID: 22401260 PMCID: PMC3499944 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.078103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Many biological tissues are piezoelectric and pyroelectric with spontaneous polarization. Ferroelectricity, however, has not been reported in soft biological tissues yet. Using piezoresponse force microscopy, we discover that the porcine aortic walls are not only piezoelectric, but also ferroelectric, with the piezoelectric coefficient in the order of 1 pm/V and coercive voltage approximately 10 V. Through detailed switching spectroscopy mapping and relaxation studies, we also find that the polarization of the aortic walls is internally biased outward, and the inward polarization switched by a negative voltage is unstable, reversing spontaneously to the more stable outward orientation shortly after the switching voltage is removed. The discovery of ferroelectricity in soft biological tissues adds an important dimension to their biophysical properties, and could have physiological implications as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanming Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Yanhang Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Ming-Jay Chow
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Qian Nataly Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Jiangyu Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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15
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Nikiforov M, Thompson G, Reukov V, Jesse S, Guo S, Rodriguez B, Seal K, Vertegel A, Kalinin S. Double-layer mediated electromechanical response of amyloid fibrils in liquid environment. ACS NANO 2010; 4:689-98. [PMID: 20088597 PMCID: PMC2827661 DOI: 10.1021/nn901127k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Harnessing electrical bias-induced mechanical motion on the nanometer and molecular scale is a critical step toward understanding the fundamental mechanisms of redox processes and implementation of molecular electromechanical machines. Probing these phenomena in biomolecular systems requires electromechanical measurements be performed in liquid environments. Here we demonstrate the use of band excitation piezoresponse force microscopy for probing electromechanical coupling in amyloid fibrils. The approaches for separating the elastic and electromechanical contributions based on functional fits and multivariate statistical analysis are presented. We demonstrate that in the bulk of the fibril the electromechanical response is dominated by double-layer effects (consistent with shear piezoelectricity of biomolecules), while a number of electromechanically active hot spots possibly related to structural defects are observed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G.L. Thompson
- Clemson University, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson, SC 29634
| | - V.V. Reukov
- Clemson University, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson, SC 29634
| | - S. Jesse
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831
| | - S. Guo
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831
| | | | - K. Seal
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831
| | - A.A. Vertegel
- Clemson University, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson, SC 29634
| | - S.V. Kalinin
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831
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Hiranaga Y, Cho Y. Intermittent contact scanning nonlinear dielectric microscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2010; 81:023705. [PMID: 20192500 DOI: 10.1063/1.3274138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Intermittent contact scanning nonlinear dielectric microscopy (IC-SNDM) was developed as a novel technique for surface topography measurements and observation of domain structures. Domain structures on ferroelectric single crystals were observed with nanoscale resolution using IC-SNDM. The reproducibility of measurements was improved in comparison to a conventional SNDM operated under contact mode, because the tip and/or sample damage are reduced when using intermittent contact mode. The minimum loading force of the probe to provide basic performance was experimentally determined for IC-SNDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiomi Hiranaga
- Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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17
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Nikiforov M, Reukov V, Thompson G, Vertegel A, Guo S, Jesse S, Kalinin S. Functional recognition imaging using artificial neural networks: applications to rapid cellular identification via broadband electromechanical response. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 20:405708. [PMID: 19752493 PMCID: PMC2846431 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/40/405708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Functional recognition imaging in scanning probe microscopy (SPM) using artificial neural network identification is demonstrated. This approach utilizes statistical analysis of complex SPM responses at a single spatial location to identify the target behavior, which is reminiscent of associative thinking in the human brain, obviating the need for analytical models. We demonstrate, as an example of recognition imaging, rapid identification of cellular organisms using the difference in electromechanical activity over a broad frequency range. Single-pixel identification of model Micrococcus lysodeikticus and Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria is achieved, demonstrating the viability of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.P. Nikiforov
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN 37831
| | - V.V. Reukov
- Clemson University, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson, SC 29634
| | - G.L. Thompson
- Clemson University, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson, SC 29634
| | - A.A. Vertegel
- Clemson University, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson, SC 29634
| | - S. Guo
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN 37831
| | - S. Jesse
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN 37831
| | - S.V. Kalinin
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN 37831
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Rodriguez BJ, Jesse S, Habelitz S, Proksch R, Kalinin SV. Intermittent contact mode piezoresponse force microscopy in a liquid environment. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 20:195701. [PMID: 19420645 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/19/195701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Probing electromechanical coupling in biological systems and electroactive molecules requires high resolution functional imaging. Here, we investigate the feasibility of intermittent contact mode piezoresponse force microscopy based on simultaneous mechanical and electrical probe modulation. It is shown that imaging at frequencies corresponding to the first contact resonance in liquid allows contrast consistent with the electromechanical signal to be obtained for model ferroelectric systems and piezoelectric tooth dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Rodriguez
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland.
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Fumagalli L, Ferrari G, Sampietro M, Gomila G. Quantitative nanoscale dielectric microscopy of single-layer supported biomembranes. NANO LETTERS 2009; 9:1604-8. [PMID: 19271767 DOI: 10.1021/nl803851u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We present the experimental demonstration of low-frequency dielectric constant imaging of single-layer supported biomembranes at the nanoscale. The dielectric constant image has been quantitatively reconstructed by combining the thickness and local capacitance obtained using a scanning force microscope equipped with a sub-attofarad low-frequency capacitance detector. This work opens new possibilities for studying bioelectric phenomena and the dielectric properties of biological membranes at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fumagalli
- Departament d'Electronica, Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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