1
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Zhang Q, Shao X, Li W, Mi W, Pavanello M, Akimov AV. Nonadiabatic molecular dynamics with subsystem density functional theory: application to crystalline pentacene. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:385901. [PMID: 38866023 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad577d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we report the development and assessment of the nonadiabatic molecular dynamics approach with the electronic structure calculations based on the linearly scaling subsystem density functional method. The approach is implemented in an open-source embedded Quantum Espresso/Libra software specially designed for nonadiabatic dynamics simulations in extended systems. As proof of the applicability of this method to large condensed-matter systems, we examine the dynamics of nonradiative relaxation of excess excitation energy in pentacene crystals with the simulation supercells containing more than 600 atoms. We find that increased structural disorder observed in larger supercell models induces larger nonadiabatic couplings of electronic states and accelerates the relaxation dynamics of excited states. We conduct a comparative analysis of several quantum-classical trajectory surface hopping schemes, including two new methods proposed in this work (revised decoherence-induced surface hopping and instantaneous decoherence at frustrated hops). Most of the tested schemes suggest fast energy relaxation occurring with the timescales in the 0.7-2.0 ps range, but they significantly overestimate the ground state recovery rates. Only the modified simplified decay of mixing approach yields a notably slower relaxation timescales of 8-14 ps, with a significantly inhibited ground state recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States of America
| | - Xuecheng Shao
- Department of Physics, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07102, United States of America
| | - Wei Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Mi
- Key Laboratory of Material Simulation Methods & Software of Ministry of Education, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Michele Pavanello
- Department of Physics, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07102, United States of America
| | - Alexey V Akimov
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States of America
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2
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Bucci G, Zannier V, Rossi F, Musiał A, Boniecki J, Sęk G, Sorba L. Zincblende InAs xP 1-x/InP Quantum Dot Nanowires for Telecom Wavelength Emission. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:26491-26499. [PMID: 38729621 PMCID: PMC11129110 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
InAsxP1-x quantum dots (QDs) in InP nanowires (NWs) have been realized as a platform for emission at telecom wavelengths. These QDs are typically grown in NWs with the wurtzite crystal phase, but in this case, ultrathin diameters are required to achieve defect-free heterostructures, making the structures less robust. In this work, we demonstrate the growth of pure zincblende InAsxP1-x QDs in InP NWs, which enabled an increase in NW diameters to about 45 nm, achieved by employing Au-assisted vapor liquid solid growth in a chemical beam epitaxy system. We studied the growth of InP/InAsxP1-x heterostructures with different compositions to control the straight growth along the ⟨100⟩ direction and to tune the emission wavelength. Interestingly, we found that the growth mechanism for pure InAs QDs is different compared to that for InAsxP1-x alloy QDs. This allowed us to optimize different growth protocols to achieve straight growth of the final QD NWs. We successfully obtained the growth of InAsxP1-x QDs with a composition in the range of x = 0.24-1.00. By means of microphotoluminescence measurements, we demonstrate the tunability of the emission in dependence of the InAsxP1-x QD composition and morphology, remarkably observing an emission at the telecom O-band for a 10 nm thick QD with 80% of As content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Bucci
- NEST
Istituto Nanoscienze Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) and
Scuola Normale Superiore, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Zannier
- NEST
Istituto Nanoscienze Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) and
Scuola Normale Superiore, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Rossi
- Istituto
dei Materiali per l’Elettronica ed il Magnetismo (IMEM)−Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Anna Musiał
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Wrocław University
of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jakub Boniecki
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Wrocław University
of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Sęk
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Wrocław University
of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Lucia Sorba
- NEST
Istituto Nanoscienze Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) and
Scuola Normale Superiore, 56127 Pisa, Italy
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3
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Huang TC, Ke SW, Wu YH, Wang ER, Wei WL, Lee CY, Chen BY, Yin GC, Chang HW, Tang MT, Lin BH. Combination of XEOL, TR-XEOL and HB-T interferometer at the TPS 23A X-ray nanoprobe for exploring quantum materials. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2024; 31:252-259. [PMID: 38241123 PMCID: PMC10914160 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577523010469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a combination of X-ray excited optical luminescence (XEOL), time-resolved XEOL (TR-XEOL) and the Hanbury-Brown and Twiss (HB-T) interferometer at the Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) 23A X-ray nanoprobe beamline for exploring quantum materials is demonstrated. On the basis of the excellent spatial resolution rendered using a nano-focused beam, emission distributions of artificial micro-diamonds can be obtained by XEOL maps, and featured emission peaks of a selected local area can be obtained by XEOL spectra. The hybrid bunch mode of the TPS not only provides a sufficiently high peak power density for experiments at each beamline but also permits high-quality temporal domain (∼200 ns) measurements for investigating luminescence dynamics. From TR-XEOL measurements, the decay lifetime of micro-diamonds is determined to be approximately 16 ns. Furthermore, the XEOL spectra of artificial micro-diamonds can be investigated by the HB-T interferometer to identify properties of single-photon sources. The unprecedented strategy of combining XEOL, TR-XEOL and the HB-T interferometer at the X-ray nanoprobe beamline will open new avenues with significant characterization abilities for unraveling the emission mechanisms of single-photon sources for quantum materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Chi Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 360302, Taiwan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Wei Ke
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hao Wu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - En-Rui Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lon Wei
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Lee
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Yi Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Gung-Chian Yin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Han-Wei Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 360302, Taiwan
| | - Mau-Tsu Tang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Bi-Hsuan Lin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
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4
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Vajner D, Holewa P, Zięba-Ostój E, Wasiluk M, von Helversen M, Sakanas A, Huck A, Yvind K, Gregersen N, Musiał A, Syperek M, Semenova E, Heindel T. On-Demand Generation of Indistinguishable Photons in the Telecom C-Band Using Quantum Dot Devices. ACS PHOTONICS 2024; 11:339-347. [PMID: 38405394 PMCID: PMC10885198 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c00973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) enable the generation of single and entangled photons, which are useful for various applications in photonic quantum technologies. Specifically for quantum communication via fiber-optical networks, operation in the telecom C-band centered around 1550 nm is ideal. The direct generation of QD-photons in this spectral range with high quantum-optical quality, however, remained challenging. Here, we demonstrate the coherent on-demand generation of indistinguishable photons in the telecom C-band from single QD devices consisting of InAs/InP QD-mesa structures heterogeneously integrated with a metallic reflector on a silicon wafer. Using pulsed two-photon resonant excitation of the biexciton-exciton radiative cascade, we observe Rabi rotations up to pulse areas of 4π and a high single-photon purity in terms of g(2)(0) = 0.005(1) and 0.015(1) for exciton and biexciton photons, respectively. Applying two independent experimental methods, based on fitting Rabi rotations in the emission intensity and performing photon cross-correlation measurements, we consistently obtain preparation fidelities at the π-pulse exceeding 80%. Finally, performing Hong-Ou-Mandel-type two-photon interference experiments, we obtain a photon-indistinguishability of the full photon wave packet of up to 35(3)%, representing a significant advancement in the photon-indistinguishability of single photons emitted directly in the telecom C-band.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel
A. Vajner
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, Technical University
of Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Paweł Holewa
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
- DTU
Electro, Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
- NanoPhoton
− Center for Nanophotonics, Technical
University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Emilia Zięba-Ostój
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Maja Wasiluk
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Martin von Helversen
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, Technical University
of Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Aurimas Sakanas
- DTU
Electro, Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Alexander Huck
- Center
for Macroscopic Quantum States (bigQ), Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kresten Yvind
- DTU
Electro, Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
- NanoPhoton
− Center for Nanophotonics, Technical
University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Niels Gregersen
- DTU
Electro, Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Anna Musiał
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marcin Syperek
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Elizaveta Semenova
- DTU
Electro, Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
- NanoPhoton
− Center for Nanophotonics, Technical
University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tobias Heindel
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, Technical University
of Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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5
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Luo W, Lawrie BJ, Puretzky AA, Tan Q, Gao H, Lingerfelt DB, Eichman G, Mcgee E, Swan AK, Liang L, Ling X. Imaging Strain-Localized Single-Photon Emitters in Layered GaSe below the Diffraction Limit. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 38044592 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale strain control of exciton funneling is an increasingly critical tool for the scalable production of single photon emitters (SPEs) in two-dimensional materials. However, conventional far-field optical microscopies remain constrained in spatial resolution by the diffraction limit and thus can provide only a limited description of nanoscale strain localization of SPEs. Here, we quantify the effects of nanoscale heterogeneous strain on the energy and brightness of GaSe SPEs on nanopillars with correlative cathodoluminescence, photoluminescence, and atomic force microscopy, supported by density functional theory simulations. We report the strain-localized SPEs have a broad range of emission wavelengths from 620 to 900 nm. We reveal substantial strain-controlled SPE wavelength tunability over a ∼100 nm spectral range and 2 orders of magnitude enhancement in the SPE brightness at the pillar center due to Type-I exciton funneling. In addition, we show that radiative biexciton cascade processes contribute to observed CL photon superbunching. Also, the GaSe SPEs show excellent stability, where their properties remain unchanged after electron beam exposure. We anticipate that this comprehensive study on the nanoscale strain control of two-dimensional SPEs will provide key insights to guide the development of truly deterministic quantum photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Benjamin J Lawrie
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Alexander A Puretzky
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Qishuo Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Hongze Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - David B Lingerfelt
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Gage Eichman
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Edward Mcgee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Anna K Swan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- The Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Liangbo Liang
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Xi Ling
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- The Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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6
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Wigger D, Schall J, Deconinck M, Bart N, Mrowiński P, Krzykowski M, Gawarecki K, von Helversen M, Schmidt R, Bremer L, Bopp F, Reuter D, Wieck AD, Rodt S, Renard J, Nogues G, Ludwig A, Machnikowski P, Finley JJ, Reitzenstein S, Kasprzak J. Controlled Coherent Coupling in a Quantum Dot Molecule Revealed by Ultrafast Four-Wave Mixing Spectroscopy. ACS PHOTONICS 2023; 10:1504-1511. [PMID: 37215325 PMCID: PMC10197170 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor quantum dot molecules are considered promising candidates for quantum technological applications due to their wide tunability of optical properties and coverage of different energy scales associated with charge and spin physics. While previous works have studied the tunnel-coupling of the different excitonic charge complexes shared by the two quantum dots by conventional optical spectroscopy, we here report on the first demonstration of a coherently controlled interdot tunnel-coupling focusing on the quantum coherence of the optically active trion transitions. We employ ultrafast four-wave mixing spectroscopy to resonantly generate a quantum coherence in one trion complex, transfer it to and probe it in another trion configuration. With the help of theoretical modeling on different levels of complexity, we give an instructive explanation of the underlying coupling mechanism and dynamical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wigger
- Institute
of Theoretical Physics, Wrocław University
of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
- School
of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Johannes Schall
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, Technische Universität
Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marielle Deconinck
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, Technische Universität
Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikolai Bart
- Lehrstuhl
für Angewandte Festkörperphysik Ruhr-Universität
Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Paweł Mrowiński
- Institute
of Theoretical Physics, Wrocław University
of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
- Laboratory
for Optical Spectroscopy of Nanostructures, Department of Experimental
Physics, Wrocław University of Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mateusz Krzykowski
- Institute
of Theoretical Physics, Wrocław University
of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Gawarecki
- Institute
of Theoretical Physics, Wrocław University
of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Martin von Helversen
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, Technische Universität
Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ronny Schmidt
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, Technische Universität
Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lucas Bremer
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, Technische Universität
Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frederik Bopp
- Walter Schottky
Institut and Physik Department, Technische
Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Dirk Reuter
- Department
Physik, Universität Paderborn, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Andreas D. Wieck
- Lehrstuhl
für Angewandte Festkörperphysik Ruhr-Universität
Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Sven Rodt
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, Technische Universität
Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julien Renard
- Université
Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Gilles Nogues
- Université
Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Arne Ludwig
- Lehrstuhl
für Angewandte Festkörperphysik Ruhr-Universität
Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Paweł Machnikowski
- Institute
of Theoretical Physics, Wrocław University
of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jonathan J. Finley
- Walter Schottky
Institut and Physik Department, Technische
Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Stephan Reitzenstein
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, Technische Universität
Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jacek Kasprzak
- Walter Schottky
Institut and Physik Department, Technische
Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Université
Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
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7
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Rickert L, Betz F, Plock M, Burger S, Heindel T. High-performance designs for fiber-pigtailed quantum-light sources based on quantum dots in electrically-controlled circular Bragg gratings. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:14750-14770. [PMID: 37157333 DOI: 10.1364/oe.486060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a numerical investigation of directly fiber-coupled hybrid circular Bragg gratings (CBGs) featuring electrical control for operation in the application relevant wavelength regimes around 930 nm as well as the telecom O- and C-band. We use a surrogate model combined with a Bayesian optimization approach to perform numerical optimization of the device performance which takes into account robustness with respect to fabrication tolerances. The proposed high-performance designs combine hybrid CBGs with a dielectric planarization and a transparent contact material, enabling > 86% direct fiber coupling efficiency (> 93% efficiency into NA 0.8) while exhibiting Purcell factors > 20. Especially the proposed designs for the telecom range prove robust and can sustain expected fiber efficiencies of more than (82.2±4.1)-5.5+2.2% and expected average Purcell factors of up to (23.2±2.3)-3.0+3.2 assuming conservative fabrication accuracies. The wavelength of maximum Purcell enhancement proves to be the most affected performance parameter by the deviations. Finally, we show that electrical field strengths suitable for Stark-tuning of an embedded quantum dot can be reached in the identified designs. Our work provides blueprints for high-performance quantum light sources based on fiber-pigtailed and electrically-controlled quantum dot CBG devices for quantum information applications.
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8
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Karli Y, Kappe F, Remesh V, Bracht TK, Münzberg J, Covre da Silva S, Seidelmann T, Axt VM, Rastelli A, Reiter DE, Weihs G. SUPER Scheme in Action: Experimental Demonstration of Red-Detuned Excitation of a Quantum Emitter. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:6567-6572. [PMID: 35792372 PMCID: PMC9413213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The quest for the perfect single-photon source includes finding the optimal protocol for exciting the quantum emitter. Coherent optical excitation was, up until now, achieved by tuning the laser pulses to the transition frequency of the emitter, either directly or in average. Recently, it was theoretically discovered that an excitation with two red-detuned pulses is also possible where neither of which would yield a significant upper-level population individually. We show that the so-called swing-up of quantum emitter population (SUPER) scheme can be implemented experimentally with similar properties to existing schemes by precise amplitude shaping of a broadband pulse. Because of its truly off-resonant nature, this scheme has the prospect of powering high-purity photon sources with superior photon count rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Karli
- Institut
für Experimentalphysik, Universität
Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Florian Kappe
- Institut
für Experimentalphysik, Universität
Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Vikas Remesh
- Institut
für Experimentalphysik, Universität
Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Thomas K. Bracht
- Institut
für Festkörpertheorie, Universität
Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Julian Münzberg
- Institut
für Experimentalphysik, Universität
Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Saimon Covre da Silva
- Institute
of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz 4040, Austria
| | - Tim Seidelmann
- Theoretische
Physik III, Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95440, Germany
| | | | - Armando Rastelli
- Institute
of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz 4040, Austria
| | - Doris E. Reiter
- Institut
für Festkörpertheorie, Universität
Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Gregor Weihs
- Institut
für Experimentalphysik, Universität
Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
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9
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Zielińska A, Musiał A, Wyborski P, Kuniej M, Heuser T, Srocka N, Grosse J, Reithmaier JP, Benyoucef M, Rodt S, Reitzenstein S, Rudno-Rudziński W. Temperature dependence of refractive indices of Al 0.9Ga 0.1As and In 0.53Al 0.1Ga 0.37As in the telecommunication spectral range. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:20225-20240. [PMID: 36224773 DOI: 10.1364/oe.457952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we determine the temperature dependence of refractive indices of In0.53Al0.1Ga0.37As and Al0.9Ga0.1As semiconductor alloys at telecommunication wavelengths in the range from room temperature down to 10 K. For that, we measure the temperature-dependent reflectance of two structures: with an Al0.9Ga0.1As/GaAs distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) designed for 1.3 µm and with an In0.53Al0.1Ga0.37As/InP DBR designed for 1.55 µm. The obtained experimental results are compared to DBR reflectivity spectra calculated within the transfer matrix method to determine refractive index values. We further show that changes due to the thermal expansion of the DBR layers are negligible for our method.
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10
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Barbiero A, Huwer J, Skiba-Szymanska J, Müller T, Stevenson RM, Shields AJ. Design study for an efficient semiconductor quantum light source operating in the telecom C-band based on an electrically-driven circular Bragg grating. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:10919-10928. [PMID: 35473046 DOI: 10.1364/oe.452328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of efficient sources of single photons and entangled photon pairs emitting in the low-loss wavelength region around 1550 nm is crucial for long-distance quantum communication. Moreover, direct fiber coupling and electrical carrier injection are highly desirable for deployment in compact and user-friendly systems integrated with the existing fiber infrastructure. Here we present a detailed design study of circular Bragg gratings fabricated in InP slabs and operating in the telecom C-band. These devices enable the simultaneous enhancement of the X and XX spectral lines, with collection efficiency in numerical aperture 0.65 close to 90% for the wavelength range 1520 - 1580 nm and Purcell factor up to 15. We also investigate the coupling into a single mode fiber, which exceeds 70% in UHNA4. Finally, we propose a modified device design directly compatible with electrical carrier injection, reporting Purcell factors up to 20 and collection efficiency in numerical aperture 0.65 close to 70% for the whole telecom C-band.
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11
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Wroński PA, Wyborski P, Musiał A, Podemski P, Sęk G, Höfling S, Jabeen F. Metamorphic Buffer Layer Platform for 1550 nm Single-Photon Sources Grown by MBE on (100) GaAs Substrate. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:5221. [PMID: 34576444 PMCID: PMC8467047 DOI: 10.3390/ma14185221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate single-photon emission with a low probability of multiphoton events of 5% in the C-band of telecommunication spectral range of standard silica fibers from molecular beam epitaxy grown (100)-GaAs-based structure with InAs quantum dots (QDs) on a metamorphic buffer layer. For this purpose, we propose and implement graded In content digitally alloyed InGaAs metamorphic buffer layer with maximal In content of 42% and GaAs/AlAs distributed Bragg reflector underneath to enhance the extraction efficiency of QD emission. The fundamental limit of the emission rate for the investigated structures is 0.5 GHz based on an emission lifetime of 1.95 ns determined from time-resolved photoluminescence. We prove the relevance of a proposed technology platform for the realization of non-classical light sources in the context of fiber-based quantum communication applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Andrzej Wroński
- Technische Physik, University of Würzburg and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany; (S.H.); (F.J.)
| | - Paweł Wyborski
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland; (A.M.); (P.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Anna Musiał
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland; (A.M.); (P.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Paweł Podemski
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland; (A.M.); (P.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Grzegorz Sęk
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland; (A.M.); (P.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Sven Höfling
- Technische Physik, University of Würzburg and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany; (S.H.); (F.J.)
| | - Fauzia Jabeen
- Technische Physik, University of Würzburg and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany; (S.H.); (F.J.)
- Quantum Light and Matter Group, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
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Cosacchi M, Seidelmann T, Cygorek M, Vagov A, Reiter DE, Axt VM. Accuracy of the Quantum Regression Theorem for Photon Emission from a Quantum Dot. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:100402. [PMID: 34533331 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.100402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The quantum regression theorem (QRT) is the most widely used tool for calculating multitime correlation functions for the assessment of quantum emitters. It is an approximate method based on a Markov assumption for environmental coupling. In this Letter we quantify properties of photons emitted from a single quantum dot coupled to phonons. For the single-photon purity and the indistinguishability, we compare numerically exact path-integral results with those obtained from the QRT. It is demonstrated that the QRT systematically overestimates the influence of the environment for typical quantum dots used in quantum information technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cosacchi
- Theoretische Physik III, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - T Seidelmann
- Theoretische Physik III, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - M Cygorek
- Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - A Vagov
- Theoretische Physik III, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - D E Reiter
- Institut für Festkörpertheorie, Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - V M Axt
- Theoretische Physik III, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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Fang W, Yang Y. Directional dipole radiations and long-range quantum entanglement mediated by hyperbolic metasurfaces. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:32955-32977. [PMID: 33114969 DOI: 10.1364/oe.401628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the vicinity of two-dimensional structures, the excitation of deep subwavelength polaritonic modes can be realized owing to the presence of free-carrier motion. Here we consider the launching of surface plasmonics in hyperbolic metasurfaces and theoretically demonstrate that the radiation energy of quantum emitter channels along specific directions was determined by the conductivity tensor of the surface. While the propagating length of the suface plasmon field supported by isotropic surfaces is normally limited on the scale of subwavelength to several vacuum wavelengths, it may be largely amplified when hyperbolic metasurfaces have been applied. Based on these exciting properties, prominent super- and subradiant behaviors between two distant quantum emitters are observed by engineering the anisotropy of the metasurfaces. Further investigations show that the directional collective interactions supported by the metasurfaces enable the generation of quantum entanglement over macroscopic dipole separations, with large values of concurrence, and allow remarkable revivals from sudden death. Our proposal can easily be extended to systems that include multiple quantum emitters interacting through hyperbolic metasurfaces and thus may have potential applications in on-chip science that aims at quantum information processing and quantum networks.
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