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Chali SP, Kang J, Fichter M, Speth KR, Mailänder V, Landfester K. Interfacial Denaturation at the Droplet Simplifies the Formation of Drug-Loaded Protein Nanocapsules to Enhance Immune Response of Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2403668. [PMID: 38973298 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Nanocapsules enable multicomponent encapsulation of therapeutic cargoes with high encapsulation content and efficiency, which is vital for cancer immunotherapy. In the past, chemical crosslinking is used to synthesize nanocapsules, which can impede the regulatory approval process. Therefore, a new class of protein nanocapsules is developed by eliminating the need for chemical crosslinking by utilizing protein denaturation through a process that is referred to as "baking at the droplet interface". Such protein nanocapsules with antigens incorporated in the shell and a combination of encapsulated drugs showed an enhancement in the immune response of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jinhong Kang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Fichter
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kai Robert Speth
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Volker Mailänder
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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Mojsym W, Wawrzykowski J, Kankofer M. Proteomic profile in plasma as a biomarker of pregnancy in cows. Reprod Domest Anim 2024; 59:e14667. [PMID: 38988253 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Pregnancy has its own protein dynamics, reflecting the hormonal profile. Quantitative and qualitative changes in plasma protein profile may provide useful information about this condition. Any alterations may be a signal heralding clinical or subclinical pathology. The objective of our study was to compare the plasma protein profile between selected months of pregnancy in cows for a better understanding gestation course. For this purpose, we collected blood from healthy pregnant (n = 30; n = 6 for each pregnancy stage) and non-pregnant (C; n = 6) Holstein-Friesian cows during a routine veterinary examination. Collected samples were selected according to pregnancy month (first, second, third, sixth, and ninth), prepared, and separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis. The Delta-2D program compared and statistically evaluated scanned gel images from the appropriate months. The mean volume of the spots was considered. The MALDI TOF/TOF spectrometer was used to identify statistically significant proteins. There were 11 distinct proteins found, including peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase F, oligoribonuclease, and PRELI domain-containing protein 3B (all of them have the lowest abundance in the C group), alpha-1B-glycoprotein, L-gulonolactone oxidase, hemopexin (first month with higher abundance than control), alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein (significantly higher abundance in the first month than in remaining groups), ermin (absent in the first month and lower abundance in the third and sixth months than in the remaining groups and control), endophilin-A2 (significant differences between the control and the second, third, sixth, and ninth months), apolipoprotein A-I (significant difference between control and the first and sixth months), alpha-1-antiproteinase (significant difference between control and the ninth month). The study demonstrated the distinctions between plasma protein composition and alterations during the pregnancy course which may potentially serve as diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioleta Mojsym
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Wawrzykowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marta Kankofer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Kim JW, Baek WY, Jung JY, Kim HA, Lee SW, Suh CH. Longitudinal assessment of urinary ALCAM, HPX, and PRDX6 in Korean patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: implications for disease activity monitoring and treatment response. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1369385. [PMID: 38915417 PMCID: PMC11194348 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1369385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to demonstrate the potential of activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM), hemopexin (HPX), and peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) as urine biomarkers for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods Urine samples were collected from 138 Korean patients with SLE from the Ajou Lupus Cohort and 39 healthy controls (HC). The concentrations of urine biomarkers were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits specific for ALCAM, HPX, and PRDX6, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic utility, and Pearson's correlation analysis was conducted to assess the relationships between the disease activity and urine biomarkers. Results Patients with SLE and patients with lupus nephritis (LN) showed significantly elevated ALCAM, HPX, and PRDX6 levels compared with HCs. ALCAM, HPX, and PRDX6 showed significant diagnostic values, especially for lupus nephritis (LN), with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for LN was 0.850 for ALCAM (95% CI, 0.778-0.921), 0.781 for HPX (95% CI, 0.695-0.867), and 0.714 for PRDX6 (95% CI, 0.617-0.812). Correlation analysis revealed that all proteins were significantly associated with anti-double stranded DNA antibody (ALCAM, r = 0.350, p < 0.001; HPX, r = 0.346, p < 0.001; PRDX6, r = 0.191, p = 0.026) and SLEDAI (ALCAM, r = 0.526, p < 0.001; HPX, r = 0.479, p < 0.001; PRDX6, r = 0.262, p = 0.002). Results from the follow-up of the three biomarker levels in these patients revealed a significant decrease, showing a positive correlation with changes in SLEDAI-2k scores (ALCAM, r = 0.502, p < 0.001; HPX, r = 0.475, p < 0.001; PRDX6, r = 0.245, p = 0.026), indicating their potential as indicators for tracking disease activity. Discussions Urinary ALCAM, HPX, and PRDX6 levels have diagnostic value and reflect disease activity in Korean patients with SLE, emphasizing their potential for non-invasive monitoring and treatment response evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Won Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Wook-Young Baek
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Yang Jung
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoun-Ah Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Won Lee
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hee Suh
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Riva F, Eckersall PD, Chadwick CC, Chadwick LC, McKeegan DEF, Peinado-Izaguerri J, Bruggeman G, Hermans D, McLaughlin M, Bain M. Identification of novel biomarkers of acute phase response in chickens challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide endotoxin. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:236. [PMID: 38824607 PMCID: PMC11143708 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04062-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chicken's inflammatory response is an essential part of the bird's response to infection. A single dose of Escherichia coli (E. coli) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxin can activate the acute phase response (APR) and lead to the production of acute phase proteins (APPs). In this study, the responses of established chicken APPs, Serum amyloid A (SAA) and Alpha-1-acid-glycoprotein (AGP), were compared to two novel APPs, Hemopexin (Hpx) and Extracellular fatty acid binding protein (Ex-FABP), in 15-day old broilers over a time course of 48 h post E.coli LPS challenge. We aimed to investigate and validate their role as biomarkers of an APR. Novel plant extracts, Citrus (CTS) and cucumber (CMB), were used as dietary supplements to investigate their ability to reduce the inflammatory response initiated by the endotoxin. RESULTS A significant increase of established (SAA, AGP) and novel (Ex-FABP, Hpx) APPs was detected post E.coli LPS challenge. Extracellular fatty acid binding protein (Ex-FABP) showed a similar early response to SAA post LPS challenge by increasing ~ 20-fold at 12 h post challenge (P < 0.001). Hemopexin (Hpx) showed a later response by increasing ∼5-fold at 24 h post challenge (P < 0.001) with a similar trend to AGP. No differences in APP responses were identified between diets (CTS and CMB) using any of the established or novel biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS Hpx and Ex-FABP were confirmed as potential biomarkers of APR in broilers when using an E. coli LPS model along with SAA and AGP. However, no clear advantage for using either of dietary supplements to modulate the APR was identified at the dosage used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Riva
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, High St, Paisley, PA1 2BE, UK
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Rd, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Radoslava Cimermana, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - Peter D Eckersall
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Rd, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | | | - Laura C Chadwick
- Life Diagnostics, P124 Turner Lane, West Chester, PA, 19380, USA
| | - Dorothy E F McKeegan
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Rd, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Jorge Peinado-Izaguerri
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Rd, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského, Košice, 041 81, Slovakia
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | | | - David Hermans
- Nutrition Sciences N. V, Booiebos, Ghent, B-9031, Belgium
| | - Mark McLaughlin
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Rd, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.
| | - Maureen Bain
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Rd, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
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Zafar M, Malik IR, Mirza MR, Awan FR, Nawrocki A, Hussain M, Khan HN, Abbas S, Choudhary MI, Larsen MR. Mass-spectrometric analysis of APOB polymorphism rs1042031 (G/T) and its influence on serum proteome of coronary artery disease patients: genetic-derived proteomics consequences. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:1349-1361. [PMID: 37410210 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04797-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms of apolipoprotein B gene (APOB) may result into serum proteomic perturbance in Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). The current case-control cohort of Pakistani subjects was designed to analyze the genetic influence of APOB rs1042031, (G/T) genotype on serum proteome. Subjects were categorized into two groups: CAD patients (n = 480) and healthy individuals (n = 220). For genotyping, tetra ARMS-PCR was carried out and validated through sequencing, whereas LC/MS-based proteomic analysis of serum samples was performed through label-free quantification. In initial step of genotyping, the frequencies of each genotype GG, GT, and TT were 70%, 27%, and 30% in CAD patients, while in control group, the subjects were 52%, 43%, and 5%, respectively, in CAD patients. The genotypic frequencies in patients vs. control groups found significantly different (p = 0.004), and a strong association of dominant alleles GG with the CAD was observed in both dominant (OR: 2.4 (1.71-3.34), p = 0.001) and allelic genetic models (OR: 2.0 (1.45-2.86), p = 0.001). In second step of label-free quantitation, a total of 40 significant proteins were found with altered expression in CAD patients. The enriched Gene Ontology (GO) terms of molecular functions and pathways of these protein showed upregulated pathways as follows: chylomicron remodeling and assembly, complement cascade activation, plasma lipoprotein assembly, apolipoprotein-A receptor binding, and metabolism of fat-soluble vitamins in G allele carrier of rs1042031 (G > T) vs. mutant T-allele carriers. This study provides better understanding of CAD pathobiology by proteogenomics of APOB. It evidences the influence of APOB rs1042031-dominant (GG) genotype with CAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneeza Zafar
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
- Diabetes and Cardio-Metabolic Disorders Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Jhang Road, P.O. Box. 577, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Imran Riaz Malik
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
| | - Munazza Raza Mirza
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Fazli Rabbi Awan
- Diabetes and Cardio-Metabolic Disorders Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Jhang Road, P.O. Box. 577, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), NIBGE-College, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Arkadiusz Nawrocki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Misbah Hussain
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
- Diabetes and Cardio-Metabolic Disorders Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Jhang Road, P.O. Box. 577, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Haq Nawaz Khan
- Diabetes and Cardio-Metabolic Disorders Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Jhang Road, P.O. Box. 577, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, P.O. Box 3500, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Abbas
- Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology (FIC), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Martin R Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Sakarin S, Rungsipipat A, Roytrakul S, Jaresitthikunchai J, Phaonakrop N, Charoenlappanit S, Thaisakun S, Surachetpong S. Phosphoproteomics analysis of serum from dogs affected with pulmonary hypertension secondary to degenerative mitral valve disease. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17186. [PMID: 38708342 PMCID: PMC11067895 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH), a common complication in dogs affected by degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD), is a progressive disorder characterized by increased pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) and pulmonary vascular remodeling. Phosphorylation of proteins, impacting vascular function and cell proliferation, might play a role in the development and progression of PH. Unlike gene or protein studies, phosphoproteomic focuses on active proteins that function as end-target proteins within signaling cascades. Studying phosphorylated proteins can reveal active contributors to PH development. Early diagnosis of PH is crucial for effective management and improved clinical outcomes. This study aimed to identify potential serum biomarkers for diagnosing PH in dogs affected with DMVD using a phosphoproteomic approach. Serum samples were collected from healthy control dogs (n = 28), dogs with DMVD (n = 24), and dogs with DMVD and PH (n = 29). Phosphoproteins were enriched from the serum samples and analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Data analysis was performed to identify uniquely expressed phosphoproteins in each group and differentially expressed phosphoproteins among groups. Phosphoproteomic analysis revealed nine uniquely expressed phosphoproteins in the serum of dogs in the DMVD+PH group and 15 differentially upregulated phosphoproteins in the DMVD+PH group compared to the DMVD group. The phosphoproteins previously implicated in PH and associated with pulmonary arterial remodeling, including small nuclear ribonucleoprotein G (SNRPG), alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M), zinc finger and BTB domain containing 42 (ZBTB42), hemopexin (HPX), serotransferrin (TRF) and complement C3 (C3), were focused on. Their unique expression and differential upregulation in the serum of DMVD dogs with PH suggest their potential as biomarkers for PH diagnosis. In conclusion, this phosphoproteomic study identified uniquely expressed and differentially upregulated phosphoproteins in the serum of DMVD dogs with PH. Further studies are warranted to validate the diagnostic utility of these phosphoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriwan Sakarin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anudep Rungsipipat
- Center of Excellence for Companion Animal Cancer, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Janthima Jaresitthikunchai
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Narumon Phaonakrop
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sawanya Charoenlappanit
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Siriwan Thaisakun
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirilak Surachetpong
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand
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Kontoghiorghes GJ. The Importance and Essentiality of Natural and Synthetic Chelators in Medicine: Increased Prospects for the Effective Treatment of Iron Overload and Iron Deficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4654. [PMID: 38731873 PMCID: PMC11083551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The supply and control of iron is essential for all cells and vital for many physiological processes. All functions and activities of iron are expressed in conjunction with iron-binding molecules. For example, natural chelators such as transferrin and chelator-iron complexes such as haem play major roles in iron metabolism and human physiology. Similarly, the mainstay treatments of the most common diseases of iron metabolism, namely iron deficiency anaemia and iron overload, involve many iron-chelator complexes and the iron-chelating drugs deferiprone (L1), deferoxamine (DF) and deferasirox. Endogenous chelators such as citric acid and glutathione and exogenous chelators such as ascorbic acid also play important roles in iron metabolism and iron homeostasis. Recent advances in the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia with effective iron complexes such as the ferric iron tri-maltol complex (feraccru or accrufer) and the effective treatment of transfusional iron overload using L1 and L1/DF combinations have decreased associated mortality and morbidity and also improved the quality of life of millions of patients. Many other chelating drugs such as ciclopirox, dexrazoxane and EDTA are used daily by millions of patients in other diseases. Similarly, many other drugs or their metabolites with iron-chelation capacity such as hydroxyurea, tetracyclines, anthracyclines and aspirin, as well as dietary molecules such as gallic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin, ellagic acid, maltol and many other phytochelators, are known to interact with iron and affect iron metabolism and related diseases. Different interactions are also observed in the presence of essential, xenobiotic, diagnostic and theranostic metal ions competing with iron. Clinical trials using L1 in Parkinson's, Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases, as well as HIV and other infections, cancer, diabetic nephropathy and anaemia of inflammation, highlight the importance of chelation therapy in many other clinical conditions. The proposed use of iron chelators for modulating ferroptosis signifies a new era in the design of new therapeutic chelation strategies in many other diseases. The introduction of artificial intelligence guidance for optimal chelation therapeutic outcomes in personalised medicine is expected to increase further the impact of chelation in medicine, as well as the survival and quality of life of millions of patients with iron metabolic disorders and also other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J Kontoghiorghes
- Postgraduate Research Institute of Science, Technology, Environment and Medicine, Limassol 3021, Cyprus
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Omer MH, Shafqat A, Ahmad O, Nadri J, AlKattan K, Yaqinuddin A. Urinary Biomarkers for Lupus Nephritis: A Systems Biology Approach. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2339. [PMID: 38673612 PMCID: PMC11051403 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the prototypical systemic autoimmune disorder. Kidney involvement, termed lupus nephritis (LN), is seen in 40-60% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). After the diagnosis, serial measurement of proteinuria is the most common method of monitoring treatment response and progression. However, present treatments for LN-corticosteroids and immunosuppressants-target inflammation, not proteinuria. Furthermore, subclinical renal inflammation can persist despite improving proteinuria. Serial kidney biopsies-the gold standard for disease monitoring-are also not feasible due to their inherent risk of complications. Biomarkers that reflect the underlying renal inflammatory process and better predict LN progression and treatment response are urgently needed. Urinary biomarkers are particularly relevant as they can be measured non-invasively and may better reflect the compartmentalized renal response in LN, unlike serum studies that are non-specific to the kidney. The past decade has overseen a boom in applying cutting-edge technologies to dissect the pathogenesis of diseases at the molecular and cellular levels. Using these technologies in LN is beginning to reveal novel disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets for LN, potentially improving patient outcomes if successfully translated to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H. Omer
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4YS, UK;
| | - Areez Shafqat
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.); (J.N.); (K.A.); (A.Y.)
| | - Omar Ahmad
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.); (J.N.); (K.A.); (A.Y.)
| | - Juzer Nadri
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.); (J.N.); (K.A.); (A.Y.)
| | - Khaled AlKattan
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.); (J.N.); (K.A.); (A.Y.)
| | - Ahmed Yaqinuddin
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.); (J.N.); (K.A.); (A.Y.)
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Liang S, Lu Z, Cai L, Zhu M, Zhou H, Zhang J. Multi-Omics analysis reveals molecular insights into the effects of acute ozone exposure on lung tissues of normal and obese male mice. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 183:108436. [PMID: 38219541 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Certain sub-groups, including men and obese individuals, are more susceptible to ozone (O3) exposure, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, the male mice were divided into two dietary groups: one fed a high-fat diet (HFD), mimicking obesity conditions, and the other fed a normal diet (ND), then exposed to 0.5 ppm and 2 ppm O3 for 4 h per day over two days. The HFD mice exhibited significantly higher body weight and serum lipid biochemical indicators compared to the ND mice. Obese mice also exhibited more severe pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress. Using a multi-omics approach including proteomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics, we observed that O3 exposure induced significant pulmonary molecular changes in both obese and normal mice, primarily arachidonic acid metabolism and lipid metabolism. Different molecular biomarker responses to acute O3 exposure were also observed between two dietary groups, with immune-related proteins impacted in obese mice and PPAR pathway-related proteins affected in normal mice. Furthermore, although not statistically significant, O3 exposure tended to aggravate HFD-induced disturbances in lung glycerophospholipid metabolism. Overall, this study provides valuable molecular insights into the responses of lung to O3 exposure and highlights the potential impact of O3 on obesity-induced metabolic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijia Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhonghua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Lijing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Miao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Haixia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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Bogdanov P, Duarri A, Sabater D, Salas A, Isla-Magrané H, Ramos H, Huerta J, Valeri M, García-Arumí J, Simó R, Hernández C. Blocking Hemopexin With Specific Antibodies: A New Strategy for Treating Diabetic Retinopathy. Diabetes 2023; 72:1841-1852. [PMID: 37722135 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Hemopexin (HPX) is overexpressed in the retina of patients with diabetes and induces the breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier in vitro. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether HPX blockade by specific antibodies (aHPX) could avoid vascular leakage in vivo and microvascular angiogenesis in vitro and ex vivo. For this purpose, the effect of intravitreal (IVT) injections of aHPX on vascular leakage was evaluated in db/db mice and rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes using the Evans Blue method. Retinal neurodegeneration and inflammation were also evaluated. The antiangiogenic effect of aHPX on human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) was tested by scratch wound healing and tube formation using standardized methods, as well as by choroidal sprouting assays from retinal explants obtained in rats. We found that IVT injection of aHPX significantly reduced vascular leakage, retinal neurodegeneration, and inflammation. In addition, treatment with aHPX significantly reduced HREC migration and tube formation induced by high glucose concentration and suppressed choroidal sprouting even after vascular endothelial growth factor stimulation, with this effect being higher than obtained with bevacizumab. The antipermeability and antiangiogenic effects of IVT injection of aHPX suggest the blockade or inhibition of HPX as a new strategy for the treatment of advanced stages of diabetic retinopathy. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS Hemopexin (HPX) is the best-characterized permeability factor in steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome. We have previously reported that HPX is overexpressed in the retina of patients with diabetes and induces the breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier in vitro. Here, we report that intravitreal injection of anti-HPX antibodies significantly reduces vascular leakage, retinal neurodegeneration, and inflammation in diabetic murine models and that the immunoneutralization of HPX exerts a significant antiangiogenic effect in vitro and in retinal explants. The blockade of HPX can be considered as a new therapy for advanced stages of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Bogdanov
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Duarri
- Ophthalmology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Sabater
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Salas
- Ophthalmology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helena Isla-Magrané
- Ophthalmology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hugo Ramos
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Huerta
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Valeri
- Unit of High Technology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José García-Arumí
- Ophthalmology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Simó
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Hernández
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Yarden O, Zhang J, Marcus D, Changwal C, Mabjeesh SJ, Lipzen A, Zhang Y, Savage E, Ng V, Grigoriev IV, Hadar Y. Altered Expression of Two Small Secreted Proteins ( ssp4 and ssp6) Affects the Degradation of a Natural Lignocellulosic Substrate by Pleurotus ostreatus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16828. [PMID: 38069150 PMCID: PMC10705924 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pleurotus ostreatus is a white-rot fungus that can degrade lignin in a preferential manner using a variety of extracellular enzymes, including manganese and versatile peroxidases (encoded by the vp1-3 and mnp1-6 genes, respectively). This fungus also secretes a family of structurally related small secreted proteins (SSPs) encoded by the ssp1-6 genes. Using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), we determined that ssp4 and ssp6 are the predominant members of this gene family that were expressed by P. ostreatus during the first three weeks of growth on wheat straw. Downregulation of ssp4 in a strain harboring an ssp RNAi construct (KDssp1) was then confirmed, which, along with an increase in ssp6 transcript levels, coincided with reduced lignin degradation and the downregulation of vp2 and mnp1. In contrast, we observed an increase in the expression of genes related to pectin and side-chain hemicellulose degradation, which was accompanied by an increase in extracellular pectin-degrading capacity. Genome-wide comparisons between the KDssp1 and the wild-type strains demonstrated that ssp silencing conferred accumulated changes in gene expression at the advanced cultivation stages in an adaptive rather than an inductive mode of transcriptional response. Based on co-expression networking, crucial gene modules were identified and linked to the ssp knockdown genotype at different cultivation times. Based on these data, as well as previous studies, we propose that P. ostreatus SSPs have potential roles in modulating the lignocellulolytic and pectinolytic systems, as well as a variety of fundamental biological processes related to fungal growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oded Yarden
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (D.M.); (C.C.); (Y.H.)
| | - Jiwei Zhang
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA;
| | - Dor Marcus
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (D.M.); (C.C.); (Y.H.)
| | - Chunoti Changwal
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (D.M.); (C.C.); (Y.H.)
| | - Sameer J. Mabjeesh
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel;
| | - Anna Lipzen
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (A.L.); (Y.Z.); (E.S.); (V.N.); (I.V.G.)
| | - Yu Zhang
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (A.L.); (Y.Z.); (E.S.); (V.N.); (I.V.G.)
| | - Emily Savage
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (A.L.); (Y.Z.); (E.S.); (V.N.); (I.V.G.)
| | - Vivian Ng
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (A.L.); (Y.Z.); (E.S.); (V.N.); (I.V.G.)
| | - Igor V. Grigoriev
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (A.L.); (Y.Z.); (E.S.); (V.N.); (I.V.G.)
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yitzhak Hadar
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (D.M.); (C.C.); (Y.H.)
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12
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Savin IA, Zenkova MA, Sen’kova AV. Bronchial Asthma, Airway Remodeling and Lung Fibrosis as Successive Steps of One Process. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16042. [PMID: 38003234 PMCID: PMC10671561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchial asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by persistent respiratory system inflammation, airway hyperreactivity, and airflow obstruction. Airway remodeling, defined as changes in airway wall structure such as extensive epithelial damage, airway smooth muscle hypertrophy, collagen deposition, and subepithelial fibrosis, is a key feature of asthma. Lung fibrosis is a common occurrence in the pathogenesis of fatal and long-term asthma, and it is associated with disease severity and resistance to therapy. It can thus be regarded as an irreversible consequence of asthma-induced airway inflammation and remodeling. Asthma heterogeneity presents several diagnostic challenges, particularly in distinguishing between chronic asthma and other pulmonary diseases characterized by disruption of normal lung architecture and functions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The search for instruments that can predict the development of irreversible structural changes in the lungs, such as chronic components of airway remodeling and fibrosis, is particularly difficult. To overcome these challenges, significant efforts are being directed toward the discovery and investigation of molecular characteristics and biomarkers capable of distinguishing between different types of asthma as well as between asthma and other pulmonary disorders with similar structural characteristics. The main features of bronchial asthma etiology, pathogenesis, and morphological characteristics as well as asthma-associated airway remodeling and lung fibrosis as successive stages of one process will be discussed in this review. The most common murine models and biomarkers of asthma progression and post-asthmatic fibrosis will also be covered. The molecular mechanisms and key cellular players of the asthmatic process described and systematized in this review are intended to help in the search for new molecular markers and promising therapeutic targets for asthma prediction and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aleksandra V. Sen’kova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrent’ev Ave 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.A.S.); (M.A.Z.)
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13
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Li Y, Chen R, Wang C, Deng J, Luo S. Double-edged functions of hemopexin in hematological related diseases: from basic mechanisms to clinical application. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1274333. [PMID: 38022615 PMCID: PMC10653390 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1274333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now understood that hemolysis and the subsequent release of heme into circulation play a critical role in driving the progression of various diseases. Hemopexin (HPX), a heme-binding protein with the highest affinity for heme in plasma, serves as an effective antagonist against heme toxicity resulting from severe acute or chronic hemolysis. In the present study, changes in HPX concentration were characterized at different stages of hemolytic diseases, underscoring its potential as a biomarker for assessing disease progression and prognosis. In many heme overload-driven conditions, such as sickle cell disease, transfusion-induced hemolysis, and sepsis, endogenous HPX levels are often insufficient to provide protection. Consequently, there is growing interest in developing HPX therapeutics to mitigate toxic heme exposure. Strategies include HPX supplementation when endogenous levels are depleted and enhancing HPX's functionality through modifications, offering a potent defense against heme toxicity. It is worth noting that HPX may also exert deleterious effects under certain circumstances. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of HPX's roles in the progression and prognosis of hematological diseases. It highlights HPX-based clinical therapies for different hematological disorders, discusses advancements in HPX production and modification technologies, and offers a theoretical basis for the clinical application of HPX.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jun Deng
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanshan Luo
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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14
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Turudic D, Dejanovic Bekic S, Mucavac L, Pavlovic M, Milosevic D, Bilic E. Case report: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by warm and cold autoantibodies with complement activation-etiological and therapeutic issues. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1217536. [PMID: 37794962 PMCID: PMC10546200 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1217536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Research on mixed warm and cold autoantibodies in autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) targeting erythrocytes [red blood cells (RBCs)] and platelets is scarcely reported. Case presentation In this study, we present the case of a 5-year-old boy with positive direct [anti-IgG (1+), anti-IgG-C3d (3+)], and indirect antiglobulin (Coombs) tests. The RBCs were coated with polyspecific-positive, warm IgG autoantibodies alongside activated complement components. Plasma-containing immunoglobulin M (IgM) class autoantibodies were found in 1:64 titers with a wide temperature range of 4°C-37°C. The platelets were also coated with IgM autoantibodies. There was a reduction in the levels of the classical and alternative complement pathways, such as C3, C4, ADAMTS13 metalloprotease activity, factor H antigen, complement factor B antigen, and C1q antigen alongside the elevated sC5b-9 terminal complement complex. Hematuria and/or proteinuria, reduced diuresis, and elevated levels of serum creatinine were absent. The kidney ultrasound report was normal. A recent combination of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection was found. The first-line treatment consisted of intravenous methylprednisolone [4 mg/kg/body weight for the first 72 h (q12 h), followed by 2 mg/kg body weight for 21 consecutive days with a slow steroid reduction until plasmapheresis (PLEX)]. After the patient showed limited response to corticosteroid therapy, rituximab (375 mg/m2) was administered once a week (five doses in total), with vitamins B9 and B12. These strategies also showed limited (partial) therapeutic benefits. Therefore, the treatment was switched to PLEX (five cycles in total) and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) (1 g/kg/5 days). This combination significantly improved RBC count and platelet levels, and C3 and C4 levels returned to normal. A follow-up of 2.5 years after treatment showed no sign of relapse. A genetic analysis revealed a rare heterozygous intronic variation (c.600-14C > T) and heterozygous Y402H polymorphism of the CFH gene. c.600-14C > T mutation was located near the 5' end of exon 6 in the gene encoding the complement C3 protein of unknown significance. We presumed that the complement regulators in our patient were sufficient to control complement activation and that complement blockade should be reserved only for devastating, life-threatening complement-related multiorgan failure. Conclusion We believe that EBV and CMV triggered AIHA, thus activating the complement cascade. Hence, we used corticosteroids, rituximab, vitamins B9 + B12, PLEX, and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) as treatment. Final remission was achieved with PLEX and FFP. However, an additional late effect of B12 rituximab and the disappearance of long-lived circulating plasma cells should not be completely ignored. Complement activation with a genetic background should be assessed in severe warm and cold hemolytic anemias caused by autoantibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Turudic
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sara Dejanovic Bekic
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucija Mucavac
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Pavlovic
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Danko Milosevic
- Croatian Academy of Medical Sciences, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Pediatrics, Zabok General Hospital and the Croatian Veterans Hospital, Zabok, Bračak, Croatia
| | - Ernest Bilic
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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15
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Salfi G, Casiraghi F, Remuzzi G. Current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of circulating permeability factor in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1247606. [PMID: 37795085 PMCID: PMC10546017 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1247606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the onset and the post-transplant recurrence of primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) are complex and remain yet to be fully elucidated. However, a growing body of evidence emphasizes the pivotal role of the immune system in both initiating and perpetuating the disease. Extensive investigations, encompassing both experimental models and patient studies, have implicated T cells, B cells, and complement as crucial actors in the pathogenesis of primary FSGS, with various molecules being proposed as potential "circulating factors" contributing to the disease and its recurrence post kidney-transplantation. In this review, we critically assessed the existing literature to identify essential pathways for a comprehensive characterization of the pathogenesis of FSGS. Recent discoveries have shed further light on the intricate interplay between these mechanisms. We present an overview of the current understanding of the engagement of distinct molecules and immune cells in FSGS pathogenesis while highlighting critical knowledge gaps that require attention. A thorough characterization of these intricate immune mechanisms holds the potential to identify noninvasive biomarkers that can accurately identify patients at high risk of post-transplant recurrence. Such knowledge can pave the way for the development of targeted and personalized therapeutic approaches in the management of FSGS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Federica Casiraghi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Bergamo, Italy
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16
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Kontoghiorghes GJ. Iron Load Toxicity in Medicine: From Molecular and Cellular Aspects to Clinical Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12928. [PMID: 37629109 PMCID: PMC10454416 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is essential for all organisms and cells. Diseases of iron imbalance affect billions of patients, including those with iron overload and other forms of iron toxicity. Excess iron load is an adverse prognostic factor for all diseases and can cause serious organ damage and fatalities following chronic red blood cell transfusions in patients of many conditions, including hemoglobinopathies, myelodyspasia, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Similar toxicity of excess body iron load but at a slower rate of disease progression is found in idiopathic haemochromatosis patients. Excess iron deposition in different regions of the brain with suspected toxicity has been identified by MRI T2* and similar methods in many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Based on its role as the major biological catalyst of free radical reactions and the Fenton reaction, iron has also been implicated in all diseases associated with free radical pathology and tissue damage. Furthermore, the recent discovery of ferroptosis, which is a cell death program based on free radical generation by iron and cell membrane lipid oxidation, sparked thousands of investigations and the association of iron with cardiac, kidney, liver, and many other diseases, including cancer and infections. The toxicity implications of iron in a labile, non-protein bound form and its complexes with dietary molecules such as vitamin C and drugs such as doxorubicin and other xenobiotic molecules in relation to carcinogenesis and other forms of toxicity are also discussed. In each case and form of iron toxicity, the mechanistic insights, diagnostic criteria, and molecular interactions are essential for the design of new and effective therapeutic interventions and of future targeted therapeutic strategies. In particular, this approach has been successful for the treatment of most iron loading conditions and especially for the transition of thalassemia from a fatal to a chronic disease due to new therapeutic protocols resulting in the complete elimination of iron overload and of iron toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J Kontoghiorghes
- Postgraduate Research Institute of Science, Technology, Environment and Medicine, 3, Ammochostou Street, Limassol 3021, Cyprus
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17
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de Lima F, Hounkpe BW, de Moraes CRP, Borba-Junior IT, Costa FF, De Paula EV. Safety and feasibility of the gene transfer of hemopexin for conditions with increased free heme. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:1103-1111. [PMID: 37452705 PMCID: PMC10583756 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231182199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme is a fundamental molecule for several biological processes, but when released in the extracellular space such as in hemolytic diseases, it can be toxic to cells and tissues. Hemopexin (HPX) is a circulating protein responsible for removing free heme from the circulation, whose levels can be severely depleted in conditions such as sickle cell diseases. Accordingly, increasing HPX levels represents an attractive strategy to mitigate the deleterious effects of heme in these conditions. Gene transfer of liver-produced proteins with adeno-associated virus (AAV) has been shown to be an effective and safety strategy in animal and human studies mainly in hemophilia. Here, we report the feasibility of increasing HPX levels using an AAV8 vector expressing human HPX (hHPX). C57Bl mice were injected with escalating doses of our vector, and expression was assessed by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA), Western blot, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). In addition, the biological activity of transgenic hHPX was confirmed using two different models of heme challenge consisting of serial heme injections or phenylhydrazine-induced hemolysis. Sustained expression of hHPX was confirmed for up to 26 weeks in plasma. Expression was dose-dependent and not associated with clinical signs of toxicity. hHPX levels were significantly reduced by heme infusions and phenylhydrazine-induced hemolysis. No clinical toxicity or laboratory signs of liver damage were observed in preliminary short-term heme challenge studies. Our results confirm that long-term expression of hHPX is feasible and safe in mice, even in the presence of heme overload. Additional studies are needed to explore the effect of transgenic HPX protein in animal models of chronic hemolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciele de Lima
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Fernando Ferreira Costa
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-878, Brazil
| | - Erich V De Paula
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-878, Brazil
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18
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Gal Y, Marcus H, Mamroud E, Aloni-Grinstein R. Mind the Gap-A Perspective on Strategies for Protecting against Bacterial Infections during the Period from Infection to Eradication. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1701. [PMID: 37512874 PMCID: PMC10386665 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a pressing public health concern, highlighting the need for alternative approaches to control bacterial infections. Promising approaches include the development of therapeutic vaccines and the utilization of innate immune activation techniques, which may prove useful in conjunction with antibiotics, as well as other antibacterial modalities. However, innate activation should be fast and self- or actively- contained to prevent detrimental consequences. TLR ligand adjuvants are effective at rapidly activating, within minutes to hours, the innate immune system by inducing cytokine production and other signaling molecules that bolster the host's immune response. Neutrophils serve as the first line of defense against invading pathogens by capturing and destroying them through various mechanisms, such as phagocytosis, intracellular degradation, and the formation of NETs. Nutritional immunity is another host defense mechanism that limits the availability of essential metals, such as iron, from invading bacterial pathogens. Thus, iron starvation has been proposed as a potential antibacterial strategy. In this review, we focus on approaches that have the potential to enhance rapid and precise antibacterial responses, bridging the gap between the onset of infection and the elimination of bacteria, hence limiting the infection by antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoav Gal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Hadar Marcus
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Emanuelle Mamroud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Ronit Aloni-Grinstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
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19
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Kvivik I, Grimstad T, Bårdsen K, Jonsson G, Kvaløy JT, Omdal R. High mobility group box 1 and a network of other biomolecules influence fatigue in patients with Crohn's disease. Mol Med 2023; 29:81. [PMID: 37365509 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00679-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatigue is common in patients with chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, often with a severe impact on the patient's daily life. From a biological point of view, fatigue can be regarded as an element of the sickness behavior response, a coordinated set of responses induced by pathogens to enhance survival during an infection and immunological danger. The mechanisms are not fully understood but involve activation of the innate immune system, with pro-inflammatory cytokines, in particular interleukin (IL)-1β, acting on cerebral neurons. These mechanisms are also active during chronic inflammatory conditions. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein has interleukin-1 like properties and is a strong inducer of innate immune responses. Its role in generation of fatigue is not clarified. Emerging evidence indicates that also other biomolecules may influence sickness behavior. We aimed to elucidate how HMGB1 influences fatigue in patients with Crohn's disease, and how the protein interacts with other candidate biomarkers of fatigue. METHODS In 56 patients with newly diagnosed Crohn's disease, fatigue was evaluated using three different fatigue instruments: the fatigue visual analog scale (fVAS), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and the vitality subscale of Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36vs). The biochemical markers IL-1 receptor antagonist (RA), soluble IL-1 receptor type 2 (sIL-RII), heat shock protein 90 alpha (HSP90α), HMGB1, anti-fully reduced (fr)HMGB1 antibodies (abs), hemopexin (HPX), and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) were measured in plasma. Multivariable regression and principal component analyses (PCA) were applied. RESULTS Multivariable regression analyses revealed significant contributions to fatigue severity for HMGB1 in the FSS model, HSP90α in the fVAS model and IL-1RA in the SF-36vs model. Depression and pain scores contributed to all three models. In PCA, two components described 53.3% of the variation. The "inflammation and cellular stress dimension" was dominated by IL-1RA, sIL-1RII, HSP90α, HPX, and PEDF scores, where the "HMGB1 dimension" was dominated by HMGB1, anti-frHMGB1 abs, and fVAS scores. CONCLUSION This study supports the hypothesis that HMGB1 and a network of other biomolecules influence fatigue severity in chronic inflammatory conditions. The well-known association with depression and pain is also acknowledged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingeborg Kvivik
- Research Department, Stavanger University Hospital, P.O. Box 8100, 4068, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Tore Grimstad
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kjetil Bårdsen
- Research Department, Stavanger University Hospital, P.O. Box 8100, 4068, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Grete Jonsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Jan Terje Kvaløy
- Research Department, Stavanger University Hospital, P.O. Box 8100, 4068, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Roald Omdal
- Research Department, Stavanger University Hospital, P.O. Box 8100, 4068, Stavanger, Norway.
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Rheumatology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.
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20
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Pires IS, Berthiaume F, Palmer AF. Engineering Therapeutics to Detoxify Hemoglobin, Heme, and Iron. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2023; 25:1-21. [PMID: 37289555 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-081622-031203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hemolysis (i.e., red blood cell lysis) can increase circulatory levels of cell-free hemoglobin (Hb) and its degradation by-products, namely heme (h) and iron (Fe). Under homeostasis, minor increases in these three hemolytic by-products (Hb/h/Fe) are rapidly scavenged and cleared by natural plasma proteins. Under certain pathophysiological conditions, scavenging systems become overwhelmed, leading to the accumulation of Hb/h/Fe in the circulation. Unfortunately, these species cause various side effects such as vasoconstriction, hypertension, and oxidative organ damage. Therefore, various therapeutics strategies are in development, ranging from supplementation with depleted plasma scavenger proteins to engineered biomimetic protein constructs capable of scavenging multiple hemolytic species. In this review, we briefly describe hemolysis and the characteristics of the major plasma-derived protein scavengers of Hb/h/Fe. Finally, we present novel engineering approaches designed to address the toxicity of these hemolytic by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan S Pires
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA;
| | - François Berthiaume
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Andre F Palmer
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA;
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21
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Turilli-Ghisolfi ES, Lualdi M, Fasano M. Ligand-Based Regulation of Dynamics and Reactivity of Hemoproteins. Biomolecules 2023; 13:683. [PMID: 37189430 PMCID: PMC10135655 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemoproteins include several heme-binding proteins with distinct structure and function. The presence of the heme group confers specific reactivity and spectroscopic properties to hemoproteins. In this review, we provide an overview of five families of hemoproteins in terms of dynamics and reactivity. First, we describe how ligands modulate cooperativity and reactivity in globins, such as myoglobin and hemoglobin. Second, we move on to another family of hemoproteins devoted to electron transport, such as cytochromes. Later, we consider heme-based reactivity in hemopexin, the main heme-scavenging protein. Then, we focus on heme-albumin, a chronosteric hemoprotein with peculiar spectroscopic and enzymatic properties. Eventually, we analyze the reactivity and dynamics of the most recently discovered family of hemoproteins, i.e., nitrobindins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mauro Fasano
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, 22100 Como, Italy
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22
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Liu H, Hu X, Lian Z, Luo Z, Lv A, Tan J. Focal adhesion signaling pathway involved in skin immune response of tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis to Vibrio vulnificus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 135:108651. [PMID: 36863497 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Focal adhesion (FA) plays a key role in cell adhesion, migration and antibacterial immune, but it remained unclear in fish. In this study, half-smooth tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis were infected with Vibrio vulnificus, and then immune-related protein in the skin, especially for FA signaling pathway were screened and identified by iTRAQ analysis. Results showed that the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in skin immune response (eg., ITGA6, FN, COCH, AMBP, COL6A1, COL6A3, COL6A6, LAMB1, LAMC1, FLMNA) were firstly found in FA signaling pathway. Furthermore, the validation analysis of FA-related genes were basically consistent with the iTRAQ data at 36 hpi (r = 0.678, p < 0.01), and their spatio-temporal expressions were confirmed by qPCR analysis. The molecular characterization of vinculin of C. semilaevis was described. This study will provide a new perspective for understanding the molecular mechanism of FA signaling pathway in the skin immune response in marine fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houfu Liu
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Xiucai Hu
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Zhengyi Lian
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Zhang Luo
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Aijun Lv
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| | - Jing Tan
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
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23
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Li X, Bi H. A strategy to link the changes in the quality traits of Japanese sea bass ( Lateolabrax japonicus) muscle and proteins in its exudate during cold storage using mass spectrometry. Analyst 2023; 148:1235-1245. [PMID: 36794760 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00060e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Japanese sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus) was used as a model to link the changes in the quality traits of fish muscle during storage to the change of protein in muscle exudate. Matrix-assisted laser desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) combined with variables importance in projection (VIP) analysis, and high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), were applied to identify the proteins by analyzing the enzymatic hydrolysates of exudates of fish muscle. The link in the identified proteins to the change in the quality traits of fish muscle during storage was explored using pyramid diagrams. Nine proteins were identified from the exudate of Japanese sea bass muscle during 12 days of storage at 4 °C. Of these, four proteins, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), and peroxiredoxin 1 (PRX1), and beta-actin were found to be responsible for the changes in the quality traits of fish muscle. It is promising to correlate the changes in the quality traits of fish muscle and proteins in muscle exudate via MS-based protein identification and the construction of a relationship diagram to understand the mechanism of muscle change at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Hucheng Ring Road 999, Pudong New District, 201306 Shanghai, China.
| | - Hongyan Bi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Hucheng Ring Road 999, Pudong New District, 201306 Shanghai, China.
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24
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Identification of Blood Transport Proteins to Carry Temoporfin: A Domino Approach from Virtual Screening to Synthesis and In Vitro PDT Testing. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030919. [PMID: 36986780 PMCID: PMC10056000 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Temoporfin (mTHPC) is one of the most promising photosensitizers used in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Despite its clinical use, the lipophilic character of mTHPC still hampers the full exploitation of its potential. Low solubility in water, high tendency to aggregate, and low biocompatibility are the main limitations because they cause poor stability in physiological environments, dark toxicity, and ultimately reduce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Applying a reverse docking approach, here, we identified a number of blood transport proteins able to bind and disperse monomolecularly mTHPC, namely apohemoglobin, apomyoglobin, hemopexin, and afamin. We validated the computational results synthesizing the mTHPC-apomyoglobin complex (mTHPC@apoMb) and demonstrated that the protein monodisperses mTHPC in a physiological environment. The mTHPC@apoMb complex preserves the imaging properties of the molecule and improves its ability to produce ROS via both type I and type II mechanisms. The effectiveness of photodynamic treatment using the mTHPC@apoMb complex was then demonstrated in vitro. Blood transport proteins can be used as molecular “Trojan horses” in cancer cells by conferring mTHPC (i) water solubility, (ii) monodispersity, and (iii) biocompatibility, ultimately bypassing the current limitations of mTHPC.
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25
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Elsabbagh S, Landau M, Gross H, Schultz A, Schultz JE. Heme b inhibits class III adenylyl cyclases. Cell Signal 2023; 103:110568. [PMID: 36565898 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Acidic lipid extracts from mouse liver, kidney, heart, brain, and lung inhibited human pseudoheterodimeric adenylyl cyclases (hACs) expressed in HEK293 cells. Using an acidic lipid extract from bovine lung, a combined MS- and bioassay-guided fractionation identified heme b as inhibitor of membrane-bound ACs. IC50 concentrations were 8-12 μM for the hAC isoforms. Hemopexin and bacterial hemophore attenuated heme b inhibition of hAC5. Structurally related compounds, such as hematin, protoporphyrin IX, and biliverdin, were significantly less effective. Monomeric bacterial class III ACs (mycobacterial ACs Rv1625c; Rv3645; Rv1264; cyanobacterial AC CyaG) were inhibited by heme b with similar efficiency. Surprisingly, structurally related chlorophyll a similarly inhibited hAC5. Heme b inhibited isoproterenol-stimulated cAMP accumulation in HEK293 cells. Using cortical membranes from mouse brain hemin efficiently and reversibly inhibited basal and Gsα-stimulated AC activity. The physiological relevance of heme b inhibition of the cAMP generating system in certain pathologies is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Elsabbagh
- Pharmazeutisches Institut der Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marius Landau
- Pharmazeutisches Institut der Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Harald Gross
- Pharmazeutisches Institut der Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anita Schultz
- Pharmazeutisches Institut der Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Joachim E Schultz
- Pharmazeutisches Institut der Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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26
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Yang N, Zhang L, Tian D, Wang P, Men K, Ge Y, Zhang C. Tanshinone increases Hemopexin expression in lung cells and macrophages to protect against cigarette smoke-induced COPD and enhance antiviral responses. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:645-665. [PMID: 36218263 PMCID: PMC9980497 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2129933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory disease, while respiratory infections can elicit exacerbations in COPD patients to mediate increased mortality. Administration of Tanshinones (TS) derivatives has been demonstrated to protect against cigarette smoking (CS) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced COPD progression. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms and the roles of TS in mitigating the severity of viral-mediated exacerbations of COPD have not been elucidated. Here, we found that TS treatments significantly attenuated lung function decline, inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in CS and LPS-induced COPD mice. Subsequent RNA-seq analysis revealed significantly upregulated Hemopexin expression and enriched interferons (IFNs) signaling pathways in lung tissues of COPD mice upon TS treatments. Moreover, TS administration demonstrated Hemopexin-dependent beneficial roles in BEAS-2B lung cells and RAW264.7 macrophages, which was associated with the suppression of oxidative stress and ERK, NF-κB, and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathways-mediated inflammation. Furthermore, TS promoted IFN signaling and rescued impaired antiviral responses in CS and LPS-exposed lung cells that were infected by influenza virus. Notably, hemopexin over-expression in lung cells and macrophages recapitulated the pharmacological activities of TS. Taken together, these results indicate that TS administration is a promising and potential therapeutic strategy for treating COPD and preventing COPD exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yang
- Department of Respiratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Dongdong Tian
- Department of Respiratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Respiratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Kai Men
- Department of Respiratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yiliang Ge
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hunan
| | - Cailian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi Province, China
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27
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Liu J, Lane S, Lall R, Russo M, Farrell L, Debreli Coskun M, Curtin C, Araujo-Gutierrez R, Scherrer-Crosbie M, Trachtenberg BH, Kim J, Tolosano E, Ghigo A, Gerszten RE, Asnani A. Circulating hemopexin modulates anthracycline cardiac toxicity in patients and in mice. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadc9245. [PMID: 36563141 PMCID: PMC9788780 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adc9245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Anthracyclines such as doxorubicin (Dox) are effective chemotherapies, but their use is limited by cardiac toxicity. We hypothesized that plasma proteomics in women with breast cancer could identify new mechanisms of anthracycline cardiac toxicity. We measured changes in 1317 proteins in anthracycline-treated patients (n = 30) and replicated key findings in a second cohort (n = 31). An increase in the heme-binding protein hemopexin (Hpx) 3 months after anthracycline initiation was associated with cardiac toxicity by echocardiography. To assess the functional role of Hpx, we administered Hpx to wild-type (WT) mice treated with Dox and observed improved cardiac function. Conversely, Hpx-/- mice demonstrated increased Dox cardiac toxicity compared to WT mice. Initial mechanistic studies indicate that Hpx is likely transported to the heart by circulating monocytes/macrophages and that Hpx may mitigate Dox-induced ferroptosis to confer cardioprotection. Together, these observations suggest that Hpx induction represents a compensatory response during Dox treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah Lane
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rahul Lall
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michele Russo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, "Guido Tarone," University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Laurie Farrell
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Melis Debreli Coskun
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Casie Curtin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raquel Araujo-Gutierrez
- Division of Advanced Heart Failure and Transplantation, Houston Methodist Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marielle Scherrer-Crosbie
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Barry H. Trachtenberg
- Division of Advanced Heart Failure and Transplantation, Houston Methodist Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jonghan Kim
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Emanuela Tolosano
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, "Guido Tarone," University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ghigo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, "Guido Tarone," University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Robert E. Gerszten
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aarti Asnani
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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28
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Foko LPK, Narang G, Tamang S, Hawadak J, Jakhan J, Sharma A, Singh V. The spectrum of clinical biomarkers in severe malaria and new avenues for exploration. Virulence 2022; 13:634-653. [PMID: 36036460 PMCID: PMC9427047 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2056966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, malaria is a public health concern, with severe malaria (SM) contributing a major share of the disease burden in malaria endemic countries. In this context, identification and validation of SM biomarkers are essential in clinical practice. Some biomarkers (C-reactive protein, angiopoietin 2, angiopoietin-2/1 ratio, platelet count, histidine-rich protein 2) have yielded interesting results in the prognosis of Plasmodium falciparum severe malaria, but for severe P. vivax and P. knowlesi malaria, similar evidence is missing. The validation of these biomarkers is hindered by several factors such as low sample size, paucity of evidence-evaluating studies, suboptimal values of sensitivity/specificity, poor clinical practicality of measurement methods, mixed Plasmodium infections, and good clinical value of the biomarkers for concurrent infections (pneumonia and current COVID-19 pandemic). Most of these biomarkers are non-specific to pathogens as they are related to host response and hence should be regarded as prognostic/predictive biomarkers that complement but do not replace pathogen biomarkers for clinical evaluation of SM patients. This review highlights the importance of research on diagnostic/predictive/therapeutic biomarkers, neglected malaria species, and clinical practicality of measurement methods in future studies. Finally, the importance of omics technologies for faster identification/validation of SM biomarkers is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loick Pradel Kojom Foko
- Parasite and Host Biology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Geetika Narang
- Parasite and Host Biology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Suman Tamang
- Parasite and Host Biology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Joseph Hawadak
- Parasite and Host Biology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Jahnvi Jakhan
- Parasite and Host Biology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Sharma
- Parasite and Host Biology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India.,Molecular Medicine Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Vineeta Singh
- Parasite and Host Biology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
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29
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Fan X, Zhang X, Liu LC, Zhang S, Pelger CB, Lughmani HY, Haller ST, Gunning WT, Cooper CJ, Gong R, Dworkin LD, Gupta R. Hemopexin accumulates in kidneys and worsens acute kidney injury by causing hemoglobin deposition and exacerbation of iron toxicity in proximal tubules. Kidney Int 2022; 102:1320-1330. [PMID: 36007598 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hemopexin, a heme scavenging protein, accumulates in the kidneys during acute kidney injury (AKI). However, the function of this accumulated hemopexin in the kidney is unclear. In both the cisplatin-induced and the unilateral kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury models of AKI, we found accumulation of hemoglobin and hemopexin in the kidneys localized to the proximal tubules. Next, hemopexin wild-type and knockout mice were compared in both AKI models and hemopexin wild type mice had significantly worse kidney injury. Furthermore, there was increased kidney expression of kidney injury molecule-1 (a biomarker of AKI) and heme oxygenase-1 (an indicator of oxidative stress) in hemopexin wild type compared with knockout mice in both models of AKI. Next, the interaction of hemopexin and hemoglobin in vitro was investigated using cultured proximal tubular cells. Co-incubation of hemopexin with hemoglobin resulted in hemoglobin deposition and exaggerated hemoglobin-induced injury. Deferoxamine, an iron chelator, and ferrostatin-1, a ferroptosis inhibitor, inhibited this deleterious effect of hemoglobin and hemopexin in proximal tubular cells, implicating iron toxicity in the mechanism of hemopexin mediated injury. Furthermore, the protective effect of deferoxamine in cisplatin-induced AKI was apparent in hemopexin wild type, but not in hemopexin knockout mice, further implicating hemopexin as a mediator of iron toxicity in AKI. Thus, our findings demonstrate that hemopexin accumulates in the kidneys and worsens kidney injury in AKI by increasing hemoglobin deposition on proximal tubular cells to exaggerate hemoglobin-induced cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Fan
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiaolu Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Lijun C Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Shungang Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Cole B Pelger
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Haroon Y Lughmani
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Steven T Haller
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - William T Gunning
- Department of Pathology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Christopher J Cooper
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Rujun Gong
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Lance D Dworkin
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Rajesh Gupta
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA.
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30
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Roh H, Park J, Park J, Kim BS, Park CI, Kim DH. Identification and characterization of warm temperature acclimation proteins (Wap65s) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 135:104475. [PMID: 35732223 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hemopexin is a vital glycoprotein for processing excessive iron in blood and functions as an iron scavenger in mammals. Teleosts however, unlike mammals, have two known hemopexin paralogs called warm temperature acclimation-related 65 kDa protein (Wap65-1 and Wap65-2, collectively termed Wap65s). Although Wap65s in rainbow trout have been considered notable biomarkers with significantly higher and/or lower expression under conditions of stress or disease, the individual roles, similarities and differences between the two paralogs are not well known. The aim of this study was to gain an understanding of the characteristics and functions of trout Wap65s from the perspective of iron-metabolism, physiological roles, and relevant immunological responses. The expression of Wap65-1 and -2 in this study was determined in the face of challenges by Aeromonas salmonicida, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), and iron-dextran. Immuno-histochemistry (IHC) was employed to localize the major cell types for Wap65-2 expression, and trout leukocytes were isolated and incubated with LPS and OxLDL for comprehending the immunological characteristics of Wap65-2. We demonstrate that Wap65-1 is expressed only in the liver but Wap65-2 is systemically expressed in most organs and tissues. Interestingly, Wap65-1 expression was not significantly changed under A. salmonicida and iron-dextran administration, but was significantly decreased under IHNV. In contrast, Wap65-2 was up-regulated in all challenged groups, however with different expression patterns in the blood and liver. These results suggested that the two paralogs may participate in different biological roles. IHC showed that Wap65-2 antibody had high affinity for leukocyte-like cells, and macrophages but not lymphocytes significantly increased expression under LPS and OxLDL stimulation. These results support the conclusion that trout Wap65-2, not Wap65-1 may have conventional hemopexin functions such as reported in mammals including effects on iron metabolism, inflammation, and acute-phase protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- HyeongJin Roh
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, 45, Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Junewoo Park
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, 45, Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Park
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, 45, Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Seong Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Ocean Science and Technology, Kunsan National University, 558 Daehak-ro, Gunsan, 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Il Park
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 455, Tongyeong, 650-160, Republic of Korea.
| | - Do-Hyung Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, 45, Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Identification of substrates of MBL Associated Serine Protease-1 (MASP-1) from human plasma using N-terminomics strategy. Mol Immunol 2022; 151:114-125. [PMID: 36126499 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
MBL Associated Serine Protease-1 (MASP-1) is an abundant enzyme of the lectin complement pathway. MASP-1 cleaves numerous substrates like MASP-2, MASP-3, C2, C3i, fibrinogen, FXIII and prothrombin. It has thrombin-like specificity and can cleave thrombin substrates. Owing to its high concentration and relaxed substrate specificity, MASP-1 has substrates outside the complement system and can influence other proteolytic cascades and physiological processes. The unidentified substrates may assist us to ascertain the role(s) of MASP-1. In this study, we used a high-throughput N-terminomics method to identify substrates of MASP-1 from human plasma. We have identified 35 putative substrates of MASP-1. Among the identified proteins, alpha 2-antiplasmin, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, antithrombin III, and siglec-6 were demonstrated to be cleaved by MASP-1. We have discussed the physiological relevance of cleavage of these substrates by MASP-1. The expression of Siglec-6 and MASP-1 has been reported in the B cells. Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein cleavage by MASP-1 may occur in the acute phase as it is known to be an inhibitor of platelet aggregation, whereas MASP-1 triggers platelet aggregation. The cleavage alpha2 antiplasmin by MASP-1 implies that MASP-1 may be promoting plasmin-mediated fibrinolysis. Our study supports that MASP-1 may be implicated in thrombosis as well as thrombolysis.
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A Model Peptide Reveals Insights into the Interaction of Human Hemopexin with Heme. Int J Pept Res Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-022-10441-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractUnder hemolytic conditions, toxic heme is scavenged by hemopexin. Recently, the heme-binding properties of hemopexin have been reassessed, which revealed a KD of ~ 0.32 nM as well as a stoichiometry of one to two heme molecules binding to hemopexin. A 66mer hemopexin-derived peptide that spans over three heme-binding motifs was used to verify the earlier suggested heme-recruiting mechanism. Herein, we employed spectroscopic and computational methods to substantiate the hypothesis of more than one heme molecule binding to hemopexin and to analyze the heme-binding mode. Both, hemopexin and the 66mer peptide, were found to bind heme in mixed penta- and hexacoordinated states, which strongly indicates that heme binding follows distinct criteria and increases rigidity of the peptide-heme complex. Additional in silico molecular dynamics simulations support these experimental findings and, thus, contribute to our understanding of the molecular basis of the heme-hemopexin interaction. This analysis provides further details for consideration of hemopexin in biomedical applications.
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Longitudinal proteomics study of serum changes after allogeneic HSCT reveals potential markers of metabolic complications related to aGvHD. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14002. [PMID: 35977993 PMCID: PMC9385631 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18221-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Even though hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) allows successful treatment for many malignant and non-malignant disorders, its curative potential remains limited by severe side effects, including infections and other transplant-related complications such as graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). This study examined changes in serum proteome via high-performance two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) during HSCT to search for diagnostic biomarkers for post-HSCT complications. Longitudinal proteomic analysis revealed proteins related to metabolic complications and hemolytic anemia. Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), a reliable marker of insulin resistance, was identified, and is possibly associated with the onset mechanism of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) and/or skin GvHD. Although the cause of insulin resistance is not fully understood, it is thought to be associated with adipocytes inflammation induced by RBP4, iron overload and hemolytic anemia after HSCT, as observed in this study. The present study has demonstrated that insulin resistance and metabolic complications could be immediate complications after transplantation and are associated with aGvHD. The biomarkers revealed in this study are promising tools to be used for improving the early diagnosis of HSCT-associated complications, especially aGvHD, possibly even before clinical manifestations.
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Janisse SE, Sharma VA, Caceres A, Medici V, Heffern MC. Systematic Evaluation of Copper(II)-Loaded Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography For Selective Enrichment of Copper-Binding Species in Human Serum and Plasma. Metallomics 2022; 14:6656374. [PMID: 35929804 PMCID: PMC9434637 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfac059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Copper is essential in a host of biological processes, and disruption of its homeostasis is associated with diseases including neurodegeneration and metabolic disorders. Extracellular copper shifts in its speciation between healthy and disease states, and identifying molecular components involved in these perturbations could widen the panel of biomarkers for copper status. While there have been exciting advances in approaches for studying the extracellular proteome with mass-spectrometry-based methods, the typical workflows disrupt metal-protein interactions due to the lability of these bonds either during sample preparation or in gas-phase environments. We sought to develop and apply a workflow to enrich for and identify protein populations with copper-binding propensities in extracellular fluids using an immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) resin. The strategy was optimized using human serum to allow for maximum quantity and diversity of protein enrichment. Protein populations could be differentiated based on protein load on the resin, likely on account of differences in abundance and affinity. The enrichment workflow was applied to plasma samples from patients with Wilson disease (WD) and protein IDs and differential abundancies compared to healthy subjects were compared to those yielded from a traditional proteomic workflow. While the IMAC workflow preserved differential abundance and protein ID information from the traditional workflow, it identified several additional proteins being differentially abundant including those involved in lipid metabolism, immune system, and antioxidant pathways. Our results suggest the potential for this IMAC workflow to identify new proteins as potential biomarkers in copper-associated disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel E Janisse
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, One Shields Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Vibha A Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, One Shields Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Amanda Caceres
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, One Shields Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Valentina Medici
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California Davis, 4150 V Street, PSSB Suite 3500, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Marie C Heffern
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, One Shields Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Cloning of Metalloproteinase 17 Genes from Oriental Giant Jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae). Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14080519. [PMID: 36006181 PMCID: PMC9414644 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14080519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that Nemopilema nomurai jellyfish venom metalloproteinases (JVMPs) play a key role in the toxicities induced by N. nomurai venom (NnV), including dermotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and lethality. In this study, we identified two full-length JVMP cDNA and genomic DNA sequences: JVMP17-1 and JVMP17-2. The full-length cDNA of JVMP17-1 and 17-2 contains 1614 and 1578 nucleotides (nt) that encode 536 and 525 amino acids, respectively. Putative peptidoglycan (PG) binding, zinc-dependent metalloproteinase, and hemopexin domains were identified. BLAST analysis of JVMP17-1 showed 42, 41, 37, and 37% identity with Hydra vulgaris, Acropora digitifera, Megachile rotundata, and Apis mellifera venom metalloproteinases, respectively. JVMP17-2 shared 38 and 36% identity with H. vulgaris and A. digitifera, respectively. Alignment results of JVMP17-1 and 17-2 with other metalloproteinases suggest that the PG domain, the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-binding surfaces, active sites, and metal (ion)-binding sites are highly conserved. The present study reports the gene cloning of metalloproteinase enzymes from jellyfish species for the first time. We hope these results can expand our knowledge of metalloproteinase components and their roles in the pathogenesis of jellyfish envenomation.
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Eriksson ANM, Rigaud C, Rokka A, Skaugen M, Lihavainen JH, Vehniäinen ER. Changes in cardiac proteome and metabolome following exposure to the PAHs retene and fluoranthene and their mixture in developing rainbow trout alevins. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 830:154846. [PMID: 35351515 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is known to affect developing organisms. Utilization of different omics-based technologies and approaches could therefore provide a base for the discovery of novel mechanisms of PAH induced development of toxicity. To this aim, we investigated how exposure towards two PAHs with different toxicity mechanisms: retene (an aryl hydrocarbon receptor 2 (Ahr2) agonist), and fluoranthene (a weak Ahr2 agonist and cytochrome P450 inhibitor (Cyp1a)), either alone or as a mixture, affected the cardiac proteome and metabolome in newly hatched rainbow trout alevins (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In total, we identified 65 and 82 differently expressed proteins (DEPs) across all treatments compared to control (DMSO) after 7 and 14 days of exposure. Exposure to fluoranthene altered the expression of 11 and 19 proteins, retene 29 and 23, while the mixture affected 44 and 82 DEPs by Days 7 and 14, respectively. In contrast, only 5 significantly affected metabolites were identified. Pathway over-representation analysis identified exposure-specific activation of phase II metabolic processes, which were accompanied with exposure-specific body burden profiles. The proteomic data highlights that exposure to the mixture increased oxidative stress, altered iron metabolism and impaired coagulation capacity. Additionally, depletion of several mini-chromosome maintenance components, in combination with depletion of several intermediate filaments and microtubules, among alevins exposed to the mixture, suggests compromised cellular integrity and reduced rate of mitosis, whereby affecting heart growth and development. Furthermore, the combination of proteomic and metabolomic data indicates altered energy metabolism, as per amino acid catabolism among mixture exposed alevins; plausibly compensatory mechanisms as to counteract reduced absorption and consumption of yolk. When considered as a whole, proteomic and metabolomic data, in relation to apical effects on the whole organism, provides additional insight into PAH toxicity and the effects of exposure on heart structure and molecular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas N M Eriksson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Finland.
| | - Cyril Rigaud
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Finland.
| | - Anne Rokka
- Turku Proteomics Facility, Turku University, Tykistökatu 6, 20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Morten Skaugen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Campus Ås, Universitetstunet 3, 1430 Ås, Norway.
| | - Jenna H Lihavainen
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, KB. K3 (Fys. Bot.), Artedigränd 7, Fysiologisk botanik, UPSC, KB. K3 (B3.44.45) Umeå universitet, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Eeva-Riikka Vehniäinen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Finland.
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Xu MM, Wu B, Huang GG, Feng CL, Wang XH, Wang HY, Wu YW, Tang W. Hemin protects against Zika virus infection by disrupting virus-endosome fusion. Antiviral Res 2022; 203:105347. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Xiao Q, Zoulikha M, Qiu M, Teng C, Lin C, Li X, Sallam MA, Xu Q, He W. The effects of protein corona on in vivo fate of nanocarriers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 186:114356. [PMID: 35595022 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With the emerging advances in utilizing nanocarriers for biomedical applications, a molecular-level understanding of the in vivo fate of nanocarriers is necessary. After administration into human fluids, nanocarriers can attract proteins onto their surfaces, forming an assembled adsorption layer called protein corona (PC). The formed PC can influence the physicochemical properties and subsequently determine nanocarriers' biological behaviors. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the features and effects of the PC on the nanocarriers' surface is the first and most important step towards controlling their in vivo fate. This review introduces fundamental knowledge such as the definition, formation, composition, conformation, and characterization of the PC, emphasizing the in vivo environmental factors that control the PC formation. The effect of PC on the physicochemical properties and thus biological behaviors of nanocarriers was then presented and thoroughly discussed. Finally, we proposed the design strategies available for engineering PC onto nanocarriers to manipulate them with the desired surface properties and achieve the best biomedical outcomes.
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Shao L, Chen S, Ma L. Secondary Brain Injury by Oxidative Stress After Cerebral Hemorrhage: Recent Advances. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:853589. [PMID: 35813506 PMCID: PMC9262401 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.853589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a clinical syndrome in which blood accumulates in the brain parenchyma because of a nontraumatic rupture of a blood vessel. Because of its high morbidity and mortality rate and the lack of effective therapy, the treatment of ICH has become a hot research topic. Meanwhile, Oxidative stress is one of the main causes of secondary brain injury(SBI) after ICH. Therefore, there is a need for an in-depth study of oxidative stress after ICH. This review will discuss the pathway and effects of oxidative stress after ICH and its relationship with inflammation and autophagy, as well as the current antioxidant therapy for ICH with a view to deriving better therapeutic tools or targets for ICH.
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Mutation of foxl1 Results in Reduced Cartilage Markers in a Zebrafish Model of Otosclerosis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071107. [PMID: 35885890 PMCID: PMC9319681 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone diseases such as otosclerosis (conductive hearing loss) and osteoporosis (low bone mineral density) can result from the abnormal expression of genes that regulate cartilage and bone development. The forkhead box transcription factor FOXL1 has been identified as the causative gene in a family with autosomal dominant otosclerosis and has been reported as a candidate gene in GWAS meta-analyses for osteoporosis. This potentially indicates a novel role for foxl1 in chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, and bone remodelling. We created a foxl1 mutant zebrafish strain as a model for otosclerosis and osteoporosis and examined jaw bones that are homologous to the mammalian middle ear bones, and mineralization of the axial skeleton. We demonstrate that foxl1 regulates the expression of collagen genes such as collagen type 1 alpha 1a and collagen type 11 alpha 2, and results in a delay in jawbone mineralization, while the axial skeleton remains unchanged. foxl1 may also act with other forkhead genes such as foxc1a, as loss of foxl1 in a foxc1a mutant background increases the severity of jaw calcification phenotypes when compared to each mutant alone. Our zebrafish model demonstrates atypical cartilage formation and mineralization in the zebrafish craniofacial skeleton in foxl1 mutants and demonstrates that aberrant collagen expression may underlie the development of otosclerosis.
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D’Amato M, Vertui V, Pandolfi L, Bozzini S, Fossali T, Colombo R, Aliberti A, Fumagalli M, Iadarola P, Didò C, Viglio S, Meloni F. Investigating the Link between Alpha-1 Antitrypsin and Human Neutrophil Elastase in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of COVID-19 Patients. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:2122-2138. [PMID: 35678672 PMCID: PMC9164061 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44050143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils play a pathogenic role in COVID-19 by releasing Neutrophils Extracellular Traps (NETs) or human neutrophil elastase (HNE). Given that HNE is inhibited by α1-antitrypsin (AAT), we aimed to assess the content of HNE, α1-antitrypsin (AAT) and HNE-AAT complexes (the AAT/HNE balance) in 33 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALf) samples from COVID-19 patients. These samples were submitted for Gel-Electrophoresis, Western Blot and ELISA, and proteins (bound to AAT or HNE) were identified by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. NETs' release was analyzed by confocal microscopy. Both HNE and AAT were clearly detectable in BALf at high levels. Contrary to what was previously observed in other settings, the formation of HNE-AAT complex was not detected in COVID-19. Rather, HNE was found to be bound to acute phase proteins, histones and C3. Due to the relevant role of NETs, we assessed the ability of free AAT to bind to histones. While confirming this binding, AAT was not able to inhibit NET formation. In conclusion, despite the finding of a high burden of free and bound HNE, the lack of the HNE-AAT inhibitory complex in COVID-19 BALf demonstrates that AAT is not able to block HNE activity. Furthermore, while binding to histones, AAT does not prevent NET formation nor their noxious activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura D’Amato
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Valentina Vertui
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.V.); (L.P.); (C.D.); (F.M.)
| | - Laura Pandolfi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.V.); (L.P.); (C.D.); (F.M.)
| | - Sara Bozzini
- Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Cell Biology Section, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Tommaso Fossali
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, 20121 Milan, Italy; (T.F.); (R.C.)
| | - Riccardo Colombo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, 20121 Milan, Italy; (T.F.); (R.C.)
| | - Anna Aliberti
- Division of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care 1, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Marco Fumagalli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.F.); (P.I.)
| | - Paolo Iadarola
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.F.); (P.I.)
| | - Camilla Didò
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.V.); (L.P.); (C.D.); (F.M.)
| | - Simona Viglio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Federica Meloni
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.V.); (L.P.); (C.D.); (F.M.)
- Transplant Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Lechuga GC, Napoleão-Pêgo P, Morel CM, Provance DW, De-Simone SG. New Insights into Hemopexin-Binding to Hemin and Hemoglobin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3789. [PMID: 35409149 PMCID: PMC8998376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemopexin (Hx) is a plasma glycoprotein that scavenges heme (Fe(III) protoporphyrin IX). Hx has important implications in hemolytic disorders and hemorrhagic conditions because releasing hemoglobin increases the labile heme, which is potentially toxic, thus producing oxidative stress. Therefore, Hx has been considered for therapeutic use and diagnostics. In this work, we analyzed and mapped the interaction sequences of Hx with hemin and hemoglobin. The spot-synthesis technique was used to map human hemopexin (P02790) binding to hemin and human hemoglobin. A library of 15 amino acid peptides with a 10-amino acid overlap was designed to represent the entire coding region (aa 1-462) of hemopexin and synthesized onto cellulose membranes. An in silico approach was taken to analyze the amino acid frequency in the identified interaction regions, and molecular docking was applied to assess the protein-protein interaction. Seven linear peptide sequences in Hx were identified to bind hemin (H1-H7), and five were described for Hb (Hb1-Hb5) interaction, with just two sequences shared between hemin and Hb. The amino acid composition of the identified sequences demonstrated that histidine residues are relevant for heme binding. H105, H293, H373, H400, H429, and H462 were distributed in the H1-H7 peptide sequences, but other residues may also play an important role. Molecular docking analysis demonstrated Hx's association with the β-chain of Hb, with several hotspot amino acids that coordinated the interaction. This study provides new insights into Hx-hemin binding motifs and protein-protein interactions with Hb. The identified binding sequences and specific peptides can be used for therapeutic purposes and diagnostics as hemopexin is under investigation to treat different diseases and there is an urgent need for diagnostics using labile heme when monitoring hemolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme C. Lechuga
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation on Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (G.C.L.); (P.N.-P.); (C.M.M.); (D.W.P.)
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Molecular Systematics (LESM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paloma Napoleão-Pêgo
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation on Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (G.C.L.); (P.N.-P.); (C.M.M.); (D.W.P.)
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Molecular Systematics (LESM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos M. Morel
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation on Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (G.C.L.); (P.N.-P.); (C.M.M.); (D.W.P.)
| | - David W. Provance
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation on Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (G.C.L.); (P.N.-P.); (C.M.M.); (D.W.P.)
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Molecular Systematics (LESM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Salvatore G. De-Simone
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation on Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (G.C.L.); (P.N.-P.); (C.M.M.); (D.W.P.)
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Molecular Systematics (LESM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Biology Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24020-141, RJ, Brazil
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Mayer IM, Hoelbl-Kovacic A, Sexl V, Doma E. Isolation, Maintenance and Expansion of Adult Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells and Leukemic Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071723. [PMID: 35406494 PMCID: PMC8996967 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Transplantation of adult hematopoietic stem cells is an important therapeutic tool to help patients suffering from diverse hematological disorders. All types of blood cells can develop from a single hematopoietic stem cell underlining their enormous potential. Intense efforts are ongoing to generate “engraftable” human hematopoietic stem cells to treat hematopoietic diseases and to understand the molecular machinery driving them. Leukemic stem cells represent a low frequency subpopulation of leukemia cells that possess stem cell properties. They can instigate, maintain, and serially propagate leukemia in vivo, while they retain the capacity to differentiate into committed progenitors. Leukemic stem cells are unaffected by many therapeutic strategies and represent the major cause of relapse. We here describe all methods to maintain and expand murine and human hematopoietic cells in culture and describe their specific advantages. These methods are also employed to understand the biology of leukemic stem cells and to identify novel therapeutic strategies. Abstract Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are rare, self-renewing cells that perch on top of the hematopoietic tree. The HSCs ensure the constant supply of mature blood cells in a tightly regulated process producing peripheral blood cells. Intense efforts are ongoing to optimize HSC engraftment as therapeutic strategy to treat patients suffering from hematopoietic diseases. Preclinical research paves the way by developing methods to maintain, manipulate and expand HSCs ex vivo to understand their regulation and molecular make-up. The generation of a sufficient number of transplantable HSCs is the Holy Grail for clinical therapy. Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) are characterized by their acquired stem cell characteristics and are responsible for disease initiation, progression, and relapse. We summarize efforts, that have been undertaken to increase the number of long-term (LT)-HSCs and to prevent differentiation towards committed progenitors in ex vivo culture. We provide an overview and compare methods currently available to isolate, maintain and enrich HSC subsets, progenitors and LSCs and discuss their individual advantages and drawbacks.
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Proteomics Disclose the Potential of Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) as a Source of Biomarkers for Severe Periodontitis. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15062161. [PMID: 35329612 PMCID: PMC8950923 DOI: 10.3390/ma15062161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a widespread disorder comprising gingivitis, a mild early gum inflammation, and periodontitis, a more severe multifactorial inflammatory disease that, if left untreated, can lead to the gradual destruction of the tooth-supporting apparatus. To date, effective etiopathogenetic models fully explaining the clinical features of periodontal disease are not available. Obviously, a better understanding of periodontal disease could facilitate its diagnosis and improve its treatment. The purpose of this study was to employ a proteomic approach to analyze the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with severe periodontitis, in search of potential biomarkers. GCF samples, collected from both periodontally healthy sites (H-GCF) and the periodontal pocket (D-GCF), were subjected to a comparison analysis using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). A total of 26 significantly different proteins, 14 up-regulated and 12 down-regulated in D-GCF vs. H-GCF, were identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The main expressed proteins were inflammatory molecules, immune responders, and host enzymes. Most of these proteins were functionally connected using the STRING analysis database. Once validated in a large scale-study, these proteins could represent a cluster of promising biomarkers capable of making a valuable contribution for a better assessment of periodontitis.
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Diagnosing pleural effusions using mass spectrometry-based multiplexed targeted proteomics quantitating mid- to high-abundance markers of cancer, infection/inflammation and tuberculosis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3054. [PMID: 35197508 PMCID: PMC8866415 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06924-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pleural effusion (PE) is excess fluid in the pleural cavity that stems from lung cancer, other diseases like extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and pneumonia, or from a variety of benign conditions. Diagnosing its cause is often a clinical challenge and we have applied targeted proteomic methods with the aim of aiding the determination of PE etiology. We developed a mass spectrometry (MS)-based multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)-protein-panel assay to precisely quantitate 53 established cancer-markers, TB-markers, and infection/inflammation-markers currently assessed individually in the clinic, as well as potential biomarkers suggested in the literature for PE classification. Since MS-based proteomic assays are on the cusp of entering clinical use, we assessed the merits of such an approach and this marker panel based on a single-center 209 patient cohort with established etiology. We observed groups of infection/inflammation markers (ADA2, WARS, CXCL10, S100A9, VIM, APCS, LGALS1, CRP, MMP9, and LDHA) that specifically discriminate TB-PEs and other-infectious-PEs, and a number of cancer markers (CDH1, MUC1/CA-15-3, THBS4, MSLN, HPX, SVEP1, SPINT1, CK-18, and CK-8) that discriminate cancerous-PEs. Some previously suggested potential biomarkers did not show any significant difference. Using a Decision Tree/Multiclass classification method, we show a very good discrimination ability for classifying PEs into one of four types: cancerous-PEs (AUC: 0.863), tuberculous-PEs (AUC of 0.859), other-infectious-PEs (AUC of 0.863), and benign-PEs (AUC: 0.842). This type of approach and the indicated markers have the potential to assist in clinical diagnosis in the future, and help with the difficult decision on therapy guidance.
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Abstract
Hemopexin is the plasma protein with the highest affinity for heme. Seminal studies have highlighted its role in different kinds of heme-associated disorders, but its implication in cancer has been neglected for a long time. Considering the emerging importance of heme in tumors, the present review proposes an update of the works investigating hemopexin involvement in cancer, with the attempt to stimulate further future studies on this topic.
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Suzuki M, Kohmura-Kobayashi Y, Ueda M, Furuta-Isomura N, Matsumoto M, Oda T, Kawai K, Itoh T, Matsuya M, Narumi M, Tamura N, Uchida T, Mochizuki K, Itoh H. Comparative Analysis of Gene Expression Profiles in the Adipose Tissue of Obese Adult Mice With Rapid Infantile Growth After Undernourishment In Utero. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:818064. [PMID: 35295992 PMCID: PMC8920555 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.818064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid infantile growth (RG) markedly increases the risk of obesity and metabolic disorders in adulthood, particularly among neonates born small. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which RG following undernourishment in utero (UN) contributes to the deterioration of adult fat deposition, we developed a UN mouse model using maternal energy restriction, followed by RG achieved by adjustments to 4 pups per litter soon after birth. A high-fat diet (HFD) was fed to weaned pups treated or not (Veh) with tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TU). UN-RG pups showed the deterioration of diet-induced obesity and fat deposition, which was ameliorated by TU. We performed a microarray analysis of epididymal adipose tissue and two gene enrichment analyses (NN-Veh vs UN-RD-Veh and UN-RG-Veh vs UN-RG-TU). The results obtained identified 4 common gene ontologies (GO) terms of inflammatory pathways. In addition to the inflammatory characteristics of 4 GO terms, the results of heatmap and principal component analyses of the representative genes from 4 GO terms, genes of interest (GOI; Saa3, Ubd, S100a8, Hpx, Casp1, Agt, Ptgs2) selected from the 4 GO terms, and immunohistochemistry of macrophages collectively suggested the critical involvement of inflammation in the regulation of fat deposition in the responses to UN and TU. Therefore, the present results support the 'Developmental Origins of Metaflammation', the last word of which was recently proposed by the concept of metabolic disorders induced by low-grade systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misako Suzuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kohmura-Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yukiko Kohmura-Kobayashi,
| | - Megumi Ueda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Naomi Furuta-Isomura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Masako Matsumoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Oda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kenta Kawai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Toshiya Itoh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Madoka Matsuya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Megumi Narumi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Naoaki Tamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Uchida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kazuki Mochizuki
- Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Local Produce and Food Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Itoh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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Subbaiah SK, Subbaiah VK, Sharanappa M, Chatterjjee A, Maddipati S. Free haem levels in gingival crevicular fluid and their relationship to periodontal clinical parameters, smoking and subgingival microbial composition. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2022; 26:13-18. [PMID: 35136311 PMCID: PMC8796784 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_477_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Periodontitis caused by multifactorial polymicrobial infection results in a destructive inflammatory process and loss of tooth supporting tissues. Many putative bacterial virulence factors that cause host destruction are regulated by iron and haem. Therefore, this study investigated the free haem levels in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) at periodontitis sites in smokers and nonsmokers and their relationship to subgingival microbial composition. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 78 patients with a split-mouth design who were divided into Group I A – periodontally healthy sites and Group I B – periodontally diseased sites in nonsmokers with chronic periodontitis and Group II A – periodontally healthy sites and Group II B – periodontally diseased sites in smokers. Clinical parameters recorded included a plaque and gingival index, papillary bleeding index, pocket probing depth, and clinical attachment level. The collected GCF samples were subjected to Biovision™ Hemin Colorimetric Assay Kit and subgingival plaque samples to BANA™ test. Results: Increased GCF free haem concentration and positive BANA sites were seen at periodontitis sites compared to healthy sites, in both smokers and nonsmokers group. However, no difference was found in GCF free haem levels between smokers and nonsmokers, but it was statistically significant with respect to BANA-positive sites. Conclusion: Thus, this study concludes that the higher concentration of GCF free haem at diseased sites indicates that it could be used as a potential biomarker to determine active periodontal sites, also smoking and BANA results did not influence the biomarker levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anirban Chatterjjee
- Department of Periodontics, The Oxford Dental College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sreedevi Maddipati
- Department of Periodontics, The Oxford Dental College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Zafar M, Mirza MR, Awan FR, Tahir M, Sultan R, Hussain M, Bilal A, Abbas S, Larsen MR, Choudhary MI, Malik IR. Effect of APOB polymorphism rs562338 (G/A) on serum proteome of coronary artery disease patients: a "proteogenomic" approach. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22766. [PMID: 34815491 PMCID: PMC8610978 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02211-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, APOB (rs1052031) genotype-guided proteomic analysis was performed in a cohort of Pakistani population. A total of 700 study subjects, including Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) patients (n = 480) and healthy individuals (n = 220) as a control group were included in the study. Genotyping was carried out by using tetra primer-amplification refractory mutation system-based polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS-PCR) whereas mass spectrometry (Orbitrap MS) was used for label free quantification of serum samples. Genotypic frequency of GG genotype was found to be 90.1%, while 6.4% was for GA genotype and 3.5% was for AA genotypes in CAD patients. In the control group, 87.2% healthy subjects were found to have GG genotype, 11.8% had GA genotype, and 0.9% were with AA genotypes. Significant (p = 0.007) difference was observed between genotypic frequencies in the patients and the control group. The rare allele AA was found to be strongly associated with the CAD [OR: 4 (1.9-16.7)], as compared to the control group in recessive genetic model (p = 0.04). Using label free proteomics, altered expression of 60 significant proteins was observed. Enrichment analysis of these protein showed higher number of up-regulated pathways, including phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase activator activity, cholesterol transfer activity, and sterol transfer activity in AA genotype of rs562338 (G>A) as compared to the wild type GG genotype. This study provides a deeper insight into CAD pathobiology with reference to proteogenomics, and proving this approach as a good platform for identifying the novel proteins and signaling pathways in relation to cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneeza Zafar
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
- Diabetes and Cardio-Metabolic Disorders Lab, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Jhang Road, P.O. Box. 577, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Munazza Raza Mirza
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Fazli Rabbi Awan
- Diabetes and Cardio-Metabolic Disorders Lab, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Jhang Road, P.O. Box. 577, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Tahir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rabia Sultan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Misbah Hussain
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
- Diabetes and Cardio-Metabolic Disorders Lab, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Jhang Road, P.O. Box. 577, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Bilal
- Allied Hospital, Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Abbas
- Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology (FIC), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Martin R Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Imran Riaz Malik
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
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Wu T, Wang X, Ren K, Huang X, Liu J. The Alterations in Methylene Blue/Light-Treated Frozen Plasma Proteins Revealed by Proteomics. Transfus Med Hemother 2021; 48:298-305. [PMID: 34803573 DOI: 10.1159/000515119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to investigate the modified proteins in methylene blue/light-treated frozen plasma (MB-FP) compared with fresh frozen plasma (FFP) in order to gain a better application of MB/light-treated plasma in clinic transfusion. Methods MB-FP and FFP were collected from Changchun central blood station, and a trichloroacetic acid/acetone precipitation method was used to remove albumin for the enrichment of lower abundance proteins. The plasma protein in MB-FP and FFP were separated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and the differentially expressed protein spots were analyzed using mass spectrometry. Finally, the differentially expressed proteins were tested using Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Approximately 14 differentially expressed protein spots were detected in the MB-FP, and FFP was chosen as the control. After 2-DE comparison analysis and mass spectrometry, 8 significantly differentially expressed protein spots were identified, corresponding to 6 different proteins, including complement C1r subcomponent (C1R), inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4 (ITI-H4), keratin, type II cytoskeletal 1 (KRT1), hemopexin (HPX), fibrinogen gamma chain (FGG), and transthyretin (TTR). Western blot showed no significant difference in the expression level of KRT1 between MB-FP and FFP (p > 0.05). Both Western blot and ELISA indicated that the level of HPX was significantly higher in FFP than in MB-FP (p < 0.05). Conclusion This comparative proteomics study revealed that some significantly modified proteins occur in MB-FP, such as C1R, ITI-H4, KRT1, HPX, FGG, and TTR. Our findings provide more theoretical data for using MB-FP in transfusion medicine. However, the relevance of the data for the transfusion of methylene blue/light-treated plasma remains unclear. The exact modification of these proteins and the effects of these modified proteins on their functions and their effects in clinical plasma infusion need to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiange Wu
- Blood Transfusion Department, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- Blood Transfusion Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kai Ren
- Blood Transfusion Department, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaochen Huang
- Anesthesiology, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jiankai Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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