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Richter K, Grau V. Signaling of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in mononuclear phagocytes. Pharmacol Res 2023; 191:106727. [PMID: 36966897 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are not only expressed by the nervous system and at the neuro-muscular junction but also by mononuclear phagocytes, which belong to the innate immune system. Mononuclear phagocyte is an umbrella term for monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. These cells play pivotal roles in host defense against infection but also in numerous often debilitating diseases that are characterized by exuberant inflammation. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors of the neuronal type dominate in these cells, and their stimulation is mainly associated with anti-inflammatory effects. Although the cholinergic modulation of mononuclear phagocytes is of eminent clinical relevance for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases and neuropathic pain, we are only beginning to understand the underlying mechanisms on the molecular level. The purpose of this review is to report and critically discuss the current knowledge on signal transduction mechanisms elicited by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in mononuclear phagocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Richter
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
| | - Veronika Grau
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany; German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany; Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen, Germany.
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2
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Gauthier AG, Lin M, Zefi S, Kulkarni A, Thakur GA, Ashby CR, Mantell LL. GAT107-mediated α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor signaling attenuates inflammatory lung injury and mortality in a mouse model of ventilator-associated pneumonia by alleviating macrophage mitochondrial oxidative stress via reducing MnSOD-S-glutathionylation. Redox Biol 2023; 60:102614. [PMID: 36717349 PMCID: PMC9950665 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Supraphysiological concentrations of oxygen (hyperoxia) can compromise host defense and increase susceptibility to bacterial and viral infections, causing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Compromised host defense and inflammatory lung injury are mediated, in part, by high extracellular concentrations of HMGB1, which can be decreased by GTS-21, a partial agonist of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR). Here, we report that a novel α7nAChR agonistic positive allosteric modulator (ago-PAM), GAT107, at 3.3 mg/kg, i.p., significantly decreased animal mortality and markers of inflammatory injury in mice exposed to hyperoxia and subsequently infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The incubation of macrophages with 3.3 μM of GAT107 significantly decreased hyperoxia-induced extracellular HMGB1 accumulation and HMGB1-induced macrophage phagocytic dysfunction. Hyperoxia-compromised macrophage function was correlated with impaired mitochondrial membrane integrity, increased superoxide levels, and decreased manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activity. This compromised MnSOD activity is due to a significant increase in its level of glutathionylation. The incubation of hyperoxic macrophages with 3.3 μM of GAT107 significantly decreases the levels of glutathionylated MnSOD, and restores MnSOD activity and mitochondrial membrane integrity. Thus, GAT107 restored hyperoxia-compromised phagocytic functions by decreasing HMGB1 release, most likely via a mitochondrial-directed pathway. Overall, our results suggest that GAT107 may be a potential treatment to decrease acute inflammatory lung injury by increasing host defense in patients with VAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex G. Gauthier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Mosi Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Sidorela Zefi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Charles R. Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Lin L. Mantell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA,Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA,Corresponding author. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 128 St. Albert Hall, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439, USA.
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3
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Selezneva A, Gibb AJ, Willis D. The contribution of ion channels to shaping macrophage behaviour. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:970234. [PMID: 36160429 PMCID: PMC9490177 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.970234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The expanding roles of macrophages in physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms now include normal tissue homeostasis, tissue repair and regeneration, including neuronal tissue; initiation, progression, and resolution of the inflammatory response and a diverse array of anti-microbial activities. Two hallmarks of macrophage activity which appear to be fundamental to their diverse cellular functionalities are cellular plasticity and phenotypic heterogeneity. Macrophage plasticity allows these cells to take on a broad spectrum of differing cellular phenotypes in response to local and possibly previous encountered environmental signals. Cellular plasticity also contributes to tissue- and stimulus-dependent macrophage heterogeneity, which manifests itself as different macrophage phenotypes being found at different tissue locations and/or after different cell stimuli. Together, plasticity and heterogeneity align macrophage phenotypes to their required local cellular functions and prevent inappropriate activation of the cell, which could lead to pathology. To execute the appropriate function, which must be regulated at the qualitative, quantitative, spatial and temporal levels, macrophages constantly monitor intracellular and extracellular parameters to initiate and control the appropriate cell signaling cascades. The sensors and signaling mechanisms which control macrophages are the focus of a considerable amount of research. Ion channels regulate the flow of ions between cellular membranes and are critical to cell signaling mechanisms in a variety of cellular functions. It is therefore surprising that the role of ion channels in the macrophage biology has been relatively overlooked. In this review we provide a summary of ion channel research in macrophages. We begin by giving a narrative-based explanation of the membrane potential and its importance in cell biology. We then report on research implicating different ion channel families in macrophage functions. Finally, we highlight some areas of ion channel research in macrophages which need to be addressed, future possible developments in this field and therapeutic potential.
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4
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Nicotine Affects Multiple Biological Processes in EpiDermTM Organotypic Tissues and Keratinocyte Monolayers. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13050810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Dermal exposure to nicotine is common due to the widespread use of tobacco products. Here, we assessed the effects of nicotine at concentrations found in thirdhand smoke (THS) contaminated environments and electronic cigarette (EC) spills or leaks on a 3D human skin model (EpiDermTM) and on submerged keratinocyte cultures. Air liquid interface treatment of EpiDermTM with 10 or 400 μg/mL of nicotine for 24 h followed by proteomics analysis showed altered pathways related to inflammation, protein synthesis, cell–cell adhesion, apoptosis, and mitochondrial function. Submerged cultured keratinocytes were used to validate the proteomics data and further characterize the response of skin cells to nicotine. Mitochondrial phenotype changed from networked to punctate in keratinocytes treated with 10 or 400 μg/mL of nicotine for 48 h and 24 h, respectively. After 72 h, all concentrations of nicotine caused a significant decrease in the networked phenotype. In Western blots, keratinocytes exposed to 400 μg/mL of nicotine had a significant decrease in mitofusin 2, while mitofusin 1 decreased after 72 h. The shift from networked to punctate mitochondria correlated with a decrease in mitofusin 1/2, a protein needed to establish and maintain the networked phenotype. Mitochondrial changes were reversible after a 24 h recovery period. Peroxisomes exposed to 400 μg/mL of nicotine for 24 h became enlarged and were fewer in number. Nicotine concentrations in THS and EC spills altered the proteome profile in EpiDermTM and damaged organelles including mitochondria and peroxisomes, which are involved in ROS homeostasis. These changes may exacerbate skin infections, inhibit wound healing, and cause oxidative damage to cells in the skin.
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Lei W, Zhao C, Sun J, Jin Y, Duan Z. Activation of α7nAChR preserves intestinal barrier integrity by enhancing the HO-1 / STAT3 signaling to inhibit NF-κB activation in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112733. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Zhang W, Lin H, Zou M, Yuan Q, Huang Z, Pan X, Zhang W. Nicotine in Inflammatory Diseases: Anti-Inflammatory and Pro-Inflammatory Effects. Front Immunol 2022; 13:826889. [PMID: 35251010 PMCID: PMC8895249 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.826889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As an anti-inflammatory alkaloid, nicotine plays dual roles in treating diseases. Here we reviewed the anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory effects of nicotine on inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, arthritis, multiple sclerosis, sepsis, endotoxemia, myocarditis, oral/skin/muscle inflammation, etc., mainly concerning the administration methods, different models, therapeutic concentration and duration, and relevant organs and tissues. According to the data analysis from recent studies in the past 20 years, nicotine exerts much more anti-inflammatory effects than pro-inflammatory ones, especially in ulcerative colitis, arthritis, sepsis, and endotoxemia. On the other hand, in oral inflammation, nicotine promotes and aggravates some diseases such as periodontitis and gingivitis, especially when there are harmful microorganisms in the oral cavity. We also carefully analyzed the nicotine dosage to determine its safe and effective range. Furthermore, we summarized the molecular mechanism of nicotine in these inflammatory diseases through regulating immune cells, immune factors, and the vagus and acetylcholinergic anti-inflammatory pathways. By balancing the “beneficial” and “harmful” effects of nicotine, it is meaningful to explore the effective medical value of nicotine and open up new horizons for remedying acute and chronic inflammation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenji Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingmin Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenrui Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoying Pan, ; Wenjuan Zhang,
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoying Pan, ; Wenjuan Zhang,
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7
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Dienel A, Veettil RA, Matsumura K, Savarraj JPJ, Choi HA, Kumar T P, Aronowski J, Dash P, Blackburn SL, McBride DW. α 7-Acetylcholine Receptor Signaling Reduces Neuroinflammation After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Mice. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:1891-1904. [PMID: 33970466 PMCID: PMC8609090 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01052-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) causes a robust inflammatory response which leads worse brain injury and poor outcomes. We investigated if stimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine α7 receptors (α7-AChR) (receptors shown to have anti-inflammatory effects) would reduce inflammation and improve outcomes. To investigate the level of peripheral inflammation after aSAH, inflammatory markers were measured in plasma samples collected in a cohort of aSAH patients. To study the effect of α7-AChR stimulation, SAH was induced in adult mice which were then treated with a α7-AChR agonist, galantamine, or vehicle. A battery of motor and cognitive tests were performed 24 h after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Mice were euthanized and tissue collected for analysis of markers of inflammation or activation of α7-AChR-mediated transduction cascades. A separate cohort of mice was allowed to survive for 28 days to assess long-term neurological deficits and histological outcome. Microglia cell culture subjected to hemoglobin toxicity was used to assess the effects of α7-AChR agonism. Analysis of eighty-two patient plasma samples confirmed enhanced systemic inflammation after aSAH. α7-AChR agonism reduced neuroinflammation at 24 h after SAH in male and female mice, which was associated with improved outcomes. This coincided with JAK2/STAT3 and IRAK-M activity modulations and a robust improvement in neurological/cognitive status that was effectively reversed by interfering with various components of these signaling pathways. Pharmacologic inhibition partially reversed the α7-AChR agonist's benefits, supporting α7-AChR as a target of the agonist's therapeutic effect. The cell culture experiment showed that α7-AChR agonism is directly beneficial to microglia. Our results demonstrate that activation of α7-AChR represents an attractive target for treatment of SAH. Our findings suggest that α7-AChR agonists, and specifically galantamine, might provide therapeutic benefit to aSAH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Dienel
- The Vivian L Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center At Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Remya A Veettil
- The Vivian L Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center At Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kanako Matsumura
- The Vivian L Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center At Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jude P J Savarraj
- The Vivian L Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center At Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - H Alex Choi
- The Vivian L Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center At Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center At Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peeyush Kumar T
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Pramod Dash
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center At Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Spiros L Blackburn
- The Vivian L Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center At Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Devin W McBride
- The Vivian L Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center At Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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Nicotine Improves Survivability, Hypotension, and Impaired Adenosinergic Renal Vasodilations in Endotoxic Rats: Role of α7-nAChRs/HO-1 Pathway. Shock 2021; 53:503-513. [PMID: 31135706 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The nicotinic/cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway protects against acute kidney injury and other end-organ damages induced by endotoxemia. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that functional α7-nAChRs/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway is imperative for the nicotine counteraction of hemodynamic and renovascular dysfunction caused by acute endotoxemia in rats. Renal vasodilations were induced by cumulative bolus injections of acetylcholine (ACh, 0.01 nmol-7.29 nmol) or ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA, adenosine receptor agonist, 1.6 nmol-100 nmol) in isolated phenylephrine-preconstricted perfused kidneys. The data showed that 6-h treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5 mg/kg i.p.) decreased systolic blood pressure and renal vasodilations caused by NECA but not Ach. The endotoxic insult also increased the mortality rate and elevated serum urea and creatinine. These LPS effects were sex-unrelated, except hypotension, and enhanced mortality which were more evident in male rodents, and abrogated after co-administration of nicotine (0.5, 1 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg) in a dose-dependent fashion. The advantageous effects of nicotine on NECA vasodilations, survivability, and kidney biomarkers in endotoxic male rats disappeared upon concurrent exposure to methyllycaconitine citrate (α7-nAChR blocker) or zinc protoporphyrin (HO-1 inhibitor) and were reproduced after treatment with bilirubin, but not hemin (HO-1 inducer) or tricarbonyldichlororuthenium (II) dimer (carbon monoxide-releasing molecule). Together, current biochemical and pharmacological evidence suggests key roles for α7-nAChRs and the bilirubin byproduct of the HO-1 signaling in the nicotine counteraction of renal dysfunction and reduced adenosinergic renal vasodilator capacity in endotoxic rats.
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Nash WT, Okusa MD. Chess Not Checkers: Complexities Within the Myeloid Response to the Acute Kidney Injury Syndrome. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:676688. [PMID: 34124107 PMCID: PMC8187556 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.676688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune dysregulation in acute kidney injury (AKI) is an area of intense interest which promises to enhance our understanding of the disease and how to manage it. Macrophages are a heterogeneous and dynamic population of immune cells that carry out multiple functions in tissue, ranging from maintenance to inflammation. As key sentinels of their environment and the major immune population in the uninjured kidney, macrophages are poised to play an important role in the establishment and pathogenesis of AKI. These cells have a profound capacity to orchestrate downstream immune responses and likely participate in skewing the kidney environment toward either pathogenic inflammation or injury resolution. A clear understanding of macrophage and myeloid cell dynamics in the development of AKI will provide valuable insight into disease pathogenesis and options for intervention. This review considers evidence in the literature that speaks to the role and regulation of macrophages and myeloid cells in AKI. We also highlight barriers or knowledge gaps that need to be addressed as the field advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T Nash
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Mark D Okusa
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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Reale M, Costantini E. Cholinergic Modulation of the Immune System in Neuroinflammatory Diseases. Diseases 2021; 9:diseases9020029. [PMID: 33921376 PMCID: PMC8167596 DOI: 10.3390/diseases9020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Frequent diseases of the CNS, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and psychiatric disorders (e.g., schizophrenia), elicit a neuroinflammatory response that contributes to the neurodegenerative disease process itself. The immune and nervous systems use the same mediators, receptors, and cells to regulate the immune and nervous systems as well as neuro-immune interactions. In various neurodegenerative diseases, peripheral inflammatory mediators and infiltrating immune cells from the periphery cause exacerbation to current injury in the brain. Acetylcholine (ACh) plays a crucial role in the peripheral and central nervous systems, in fact, other than cells of the CNS, the peripheral immune cells also possess a cholinergic system. The findings on peripheral cholinergic signaling, and the activation of the “cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway” mediated by ACh binding to α7 nAChR as one of the possible mechanisms for controlling inflammation, have restarted interest in cholinergic-mediated pathological processes and in the new potential therapeutic target for neuro-inflammatory-degenerative diseases. Herein, we focus on recent progress in the modulatory mechanisms of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Reale
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G.d’Annunzio”, 65122 Chieti-Pescara, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Erica Costantini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Science, University “G.d’Annunzio”, 65122 Chieti-Pescara, Italy;
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Ertle CM, Rommel FR, Tumala S, Moriwaki Y, Klein J, Kruse J, Gieler U, Peters EMJ. New Pathways for the Skin's Stress Response: The Cholinergic Neuropeptide SLURP-1 Can Activate Mast Cells and Alter Cytokine Production in Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:631881. [PMID: 33815383 PMCID: PMC8012551 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.631881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (Chrna7) plays an essential anti-inflammatory role in immune homeostasis and was recently found on mast cells (MC). Psychosocial stress can trigger MC hyperactivation and increases pro-inflammatory cytokines in target tissues such as the skin. If the cholinergic system (CS) and Chrna7 ligands play a role in these cascades is largely unknown. Objective: To elucidate the role of the CS in the response to psychosocial stress using a mouse-model for stress-triggered cutaneous inflammatory circuits. Methods: Key CS markers (ACh, Ch, SLURP-1, SLURP-2, Lynx1, Chrm3, Chrna7, Chrna9, ChAT, VAChT, Oct3, AChE, and BChE) in skin and its MC (sMC), MC activation, immune parameters (TNFα, IL1β, IL10, TGFβ, HIF1α, and STAT3) and oxidative stress were analyzed in skin from 24 h noise-stressed mice and in cultured MC (cMC) from C57BL/6 or Chrna7-Knockout mice. Results: First, Chrna7 and SLURP-1 mRNA were exclusively upregulated in stressed skin. Second, histomorphometry located Chrna7 and SLURP-1 in nerves and sMC and demonstrated upregulated contacts and increased Chrna7+ sMC in stressed skin, while 5 ng/mL SLURP-1 degranulated cMC. Third, IL1β+ sMC were high in stressed skin, and while SLURP-1 alone had no significant effect on cMC cytokines, it upregulated IL1β in cMC from Chrna7-KO and in IL1β-treated wildtype cMC. In addition, HIF1α+ sMC were high in stressed skin and Chrna7-agonist AR-R 17779 induced ROS in cMC while SLURP-1 upregulated TNFα and IL1β in cMC when HIF1α was blocked. Conclusions: These data infer that the CS plays a role in the regulation of stress-sensitive inflammatory responses but may have a surprising pro-inflammatory effect in healthy skin, driving IL1β expression if SLURP-1 is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph M Ertle
- Psychoneuroimmunology Laboratory, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Frank R Rommel
- Psychoneuroimmunology Laboratory, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Susanne Tumala
- Psychoneuroimmunology Laboratory, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Yasuhiro Moriwaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jochen Klein
- Department of Pharmacology, Biocenter N260, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Johannes Kruse
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Gieler
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Eva M J Peters
- Psychoneuroimmunology Laboratory, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Charité Center 12 for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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12
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Islas-Weinstein L, Marquina-Castillo B, Mata-Espinosa D, Paredes-González IS, Chávez J, Balboa L, Marín Franco JL, Guerrero-Romero D, Barrios-Payan JA, Hernandez-Pando R. The Cholinergic System Contributes to the Immunopathological Progression of Experimental Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2021; 11:581911. [PMID: 33679685 PMCID: PMC7930380 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.581911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The cholinergic system is present in both bacteria and mammals and regulates inflammation during bacterial respiratory infections through neuronal and non-neuronal production of acetylcholine (ACh) and its receptors. However, the presence of this system during the immunopathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in vivo and in its causative agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has not been studied. Therefore, we used an experimental model of progressive pulmonary TB in BALB/c mice to quantify pulmonary ACh using high-performance liquid chromatography during the course of the disease. In addition, we performed immunohistochemistry in lung tissue to determine the cellular expression of cholinergic system components, and then administered nicotinic receptor (nAChR) antagonists to validate their effect on lung bacterial burden, inflammation, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Finally, we subjected Mtb cultures to colorimetric analysis to reveal the production of ACh and the effect of ACh and nAChR antagonists on Mtb growth. Our results show high concentrations of ACh and expression of its synthesizing enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) during early infection in lung epithelial cells and macrophages. During late progressive TB, lung ACh upregulation was even higher and coincided with ChAT and α7 nAChR subunit expression in immune cells. Moreover, the administration of nAChR antagonists increased pro-inflammatory cytokines, reduced bacillary loads and synergized with antibiotic therapy in multidrug resistant TB. Finally, in vitro studies revealed that the bacteria is capable of producing nanomolar concentrations of ACh in liquid culture. In addition, the administration of ACh and nicotinic antagonists to Mtb cultures induced or inhibited bacterial proliferation, respectively. These results suggest that Mtb possesses a cholinergic system and upregulates the lung non-neuronal cholinergic system, particularly during late progressive TB. The upregulation of the cholinergic system during infection could aid both bacterial growth and immunomodulation within the lung to favor disease progression. Furthermore, the therapeutic efficacy of modulating this system suggests that it could be a target for treating the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Islas-Weinstein
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico
| | - Brenda Marquina-Castillo
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico
| | - Dulce Mata-Espinosa
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico
| | - Iris S. Paredes-González
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico
| | - Jaime Chávez
- Department of Bronchial Hyperreactivity, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases (Mexico), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luciana Balboa
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Medicina Experimental del National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José Luis Marín Franco
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Medicina Experimental del National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Guerrero-Romero
- Departamento de Matemáticas, Escuela Superior de Física y Matemáticas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Alberto Barrios-Payan
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Hernandez-Pando
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico
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Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Involvement in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Interactions with Gut Microbiota. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18031189. [PMID: 33572734 PMCID: PMC7908252 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The gut-brain axis describes a complex interplay between the central nervous system and organs of the gastrointestinal tract. Sensory neurons of dorsal root and nodose ganglia, neurons of the autonomic nervous system, and immune cells collect and relay information about the status of the gut to the brain. A critical component in this bi-directional communication system is the vagus nerve which is essential for coordinating the immune system’s response to the activities of commensal bacteria in the gut and to pathogenic strains and their toxins. Local control of gut function is provided by networks of neurons in the enteric nervous system also called the ‘gut-brain’. One element common to all of these gut-brain systems is the expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. These ligand-gated ion channels serve myriad roles in the gut-brain axis including mediating fast synaptic transmission between autonomic pre- and postganglionic neurons, modulation of neurotransmitter release from peripheral sensory and enteric neurons, and modulation of cytokine release from immune cells. Here we review the role of nicotinic receptors in the gut-brain axis with a focus on the interplay of these receptors with the gut microbiome and their involvement in dysregulation of gut function and inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Gauthier AG, Wu J, Lin M, Sitapara R, Kulkarni A, Thakur GA, Schmidt EE, Perron JC, Ashby CR, Mantell LL. The Positive Allosteric Modulation of alpha7-Nicotinic Cholinergic Receptors by GAT107 Increases Bacterial Lung Clearance in Hyperoxic Mice by Decreasing Oxidative Stress in Macrophages. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:135. [PMID: 33477969 PMCID: PMC7835977 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplemental oxygen therapy with supraphysiological concentrations of oxygen (hyperoxia; >21% O2) is a life-saving intervention for patients experiencing respiratory distress. However, prolonged exposure to hyperoxia can compromise bacterial clearance processes, due to oxidative stress-mediated impairment of macrophages, contributing to the increased susceptibility to pulmonary infections. This study reports that the activation of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) with the delete allosteric agonistic-positive allosteric modulator, GAT107, decreases the bacterial burden in mouse lungs by improving hyperoxia-induced lung redox imbalance. The incubation of RAW 264.7 cells with GAT107 (3.3 µM) rescues hyperoxia-compromised phagocytic functions in cultured macrophages, RAW 264.7 cells, and primary bone marrow-derived macrophages. Similarly, GAT107 (3.3 µM) also attenuated oxidative stress in hyperoxia-exposed macrophages, which prevents oxidation and hyper-polymerization of phagosome filamentous actin (F-actin) from oxidation. Furthermore, GAT107 (3.3 µM) increases the (1) activity of superoxide dismutase 1; (2) activation of Nrf2 and (3) the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in macrophages exposed to hyperoxia. Overall, these data suggest that the novel α7nAChR compound, GAT107, could be used to improve host defense functions in patients, such as those with COVID-19, who are exposed to prolonged periods of hyperoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex G. Gauthier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, New York, NY 11439, USA; (A.G.G.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (R.S.); (J.C.P.); (C.R.A.J.)
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, New York, NY 11439, USA; (A.G.G.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (R.S.); (J.C.P.); (C.R.A.J.)
| | - Mosi Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, New York, NY 11439, USA; (A.G.G.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (R.S.); (J.C.P.); (C.R.A.J.)
| | - Ravikumar Sitapara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, New York, NY 11439, USA; (A.G.G.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (R.S.); (J.C.P.); (C.R.A.J.)
| | - Abhijit Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.K.); (G.A.T.)
| | - Ganesh A. Thakur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.K.); (G.A.T.)
| | - Edward E. Schmidt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA;
| | - Jeanette C. Perron
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, New York, NY 11439, USA; (A.G.G.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (R.S.); (J.C.P.); (C.R.A.J.)
| | - Charles R. Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, New York, NY 11439, USA; (A.G.G.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (R.S.); (J.C.P.); (C.R.A.J.)
| | - Lin L. Mantell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, New York, NY 11439, USA; (A.G.G.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (R.S.); (J.C.P.); (C.R.A.J.)
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
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15
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An N, Holl J, Wang X, Rausch MA, Andrukhov O, Rausch-Fan X. Potential Suppressive Effect of Nicotine on the Inflammatory Response in Oral Epithelial Cells: An In Vitro Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020483. [PMID: 33435295 PMCID: PMC7826768 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Smoking is a well-recognized risk factor for oral mucosal and periodontal diseases. Nicotine is an important component of cigarette smoke. This study aims to investigate the impact of nicotine on the viability and inflammatory mediator production of an oral epithelial cell line in the presence of various inflammatory stimuli. Oral epithelial HSC-2 cells were challenged with nicotine (10−8–10−2 M) for 24 h in the presence or absence of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 µg/mL) or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (10−7 M) for 24 h. The cell proliferation/viability was determined by MTT assay. Gene expression of interleukin (IL)-8, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, and β-defensin was assayed by qPCR. The production of IL-8 protein and cell surface expression of ICAM-1 was assessed by ELISA and flow cytometry, respectively. Proliferation/viability of HSC-2 cells was unaffected by nicotine at concentrations up to 10−3 M and inhibited at 10−2 M. Nicotine had no significant effect on the basal expression of IL-8, ICAM-1, and β-defensin. At the same time, it significantly diminished P. gingivalis LPS or the TNF-α-induced expression levels of these factors. Within the limitations of this study, the first evidence was provided in vitro that nicotine probably exerts a suppressive effect on the production of inflammatory mediators and antimicrobial peptides in human oral epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na An
- Department of General Dentistry II, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China; (N.A.); (X.W.)
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.H.); (M.A.R.); (X.R.-F.)
| | - Jasmin Holl
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.H.); (M.A.R.); (X.R.-F.)
| | - Xuekui Wang
- Department of General Dentistry II, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China; (N.A.); (X.W.)
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Marco Aoqi Rausch
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.H.); (M.A.R.); (X.R.-F.)
| | - Oleh Andrukhov
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.H.); (M.A.R.); (X.R.-F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-40070-2620
| | - Xiaohui Rausch-Fan
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.H.); (M.A.R.); (X.R.-F.)
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16
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Wyganowska-Swiatkowska M, Nohawica M, Grocholewicz K, Nowak G. Influence of Herbal Medicines on HMGB1 Release, SARS-CoV-2 Viral Attachment, Acute Respiratory Failure, and Sepsis. A Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4639. [PMID: 32629817 PMCID: PMC7370028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
By attaching to the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) protein on lung and intestinal cells, Sudden Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) can cause respiratory and homeostatic difficulties leading to sepsis. The progression from acute respiratory failure to sepsis has been correlated with the release of high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1). Lack of effective conventional treatment of this septic state has spiked an interest in alternative medicine. This review of herbal extracts has identified multiple candidates which can target the release of HMGB1 and potentially reduce mortality by preventing progression from respiratory distress to sepsis. Some of the identified mixtures have also been shown to interfere with viral attachment. Due to the wide variability in chemical superstructure of the components of assorted herbal extracts, common motifs have been identified. Looking at the most active compounds in each extract it becomes evident that as a group, phenolic compounds have a broad enzyme inhibiting function. They have been shown to act against the priming of SARS-CoV-2 attachment proteins by host and viral enzymes, and the release of HMGB1 by host immune cells. An argument for the value in a nonspecific inhibitory action has been drawn. Hopefully these findings can drive future drug development and clinical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Wyganowska-Swiatkowska
- Chair of Department of Dental Surgery and Periodontology, Poznan University of Medicinal Sciences, Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Michal Nohawica
- Chair of Department of Dental Surgery and Periodontology, Poznan University of Medicinal Sciences, Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Grocholewicz
- Department of Interdisciplinary Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstancow Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Gerard Nowak
- Department of Medicinal and Cosmetic Natural Products, Poznan University of Medicinal Sciences, Mazowiecka 33, 60-623 Poznan, Poland;
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Ren C, Yao RQ, Zhang H, Feng YW, Yao YM. Sepsis-associated encephalopathy: a vicious cycle of immunosuppression. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:14. [PMID: 31924221 PMCID: PMC6953314 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-1701-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is commonly complicated by septic conditions, and is responsible for increased mortality and poor outcomes in septic patients. Uncontrolled neuroinflammation and ischemic injury are major contributors to brain dysfunction, which arises from intractable immune malfunction and the collapse of neuroendocrine immune networks, such as the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and sympathetic nervous system. Dysfunction in these neuromodulatory mechanisms compromised by SAE jeopardizes systemic immune responses, including those of neutrophils, macrophages/monocytes, dendritic cells, and T lymphocytes, which ultimately results in a vicious cycle between brain injury and a progressively aberrant immune response. Deep insight into the crosstalk between SAE and peripheral immunity is of great importance in extending the knowledge of the pathogenesis and development of sepsis-induced immunosuppression, as well as in exploring its effective remedies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ren
- Trauma Research Center, Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren-Qi Yao
- Department of Burn Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Trauma Research Center, Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Wen Feng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518035, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Ming Yao
- Trauma Research Center, Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Wedn AM, El-Gowilly SM, El-Mas MM. The α7-nAChR/heme oxygenase-1/carbon monoxide pathway mediates the nicotine counteraction of renal inflammation and vasoconstrictor hyporeactivity in endotoxic male rats. Inflamm Res 2020; 69:217-231. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01309-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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19
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Wedn AM, El-Gowilly SM, El-Mas MM. Nicotine reverses the enhanced renal vasodilator capacity in endotoxic rats: Role of α7/α4β2 nAChRs and HSP70. Pharmacol Rep 2019; 71:782-793. [PMID: 31377559 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotine alleviates renal inflammation and injury induced by endotoxemia. This study investigated (i) the nicotine modulation of hemodynamic and renal vasodilatory responses to endotoxemia in rats, and (ii) roles of α7 or α4β2-nAChRs and related HSP70/TNFα/iNOS signaling in the interaction. METHODS Endotoxemia was induced by ip lipopolysaccharide (5 mg/kg/day, for 2 days) and changes in systolic blood pressure and vasodilator responsiveness of isolated perfused kidney to acetylcholine or 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA, adenosine receptor agonist) were evaluated. RESULTS Lipopolysaccharide had no effect on serum creatinine, reduced blood pressure, and increased renal vasodilations induced by acetylcholine or NECA in male and female preparations. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that lipopolysaccharide reduced renal HSP70 expression, but increased α7-nAChRs, α4β2-nAChRs and iNOS expressions. The co-administration of aminoguanidine (iNOS inhibitor), pentoxifylline (TNFα inhibitor), or nicotine attenuated lipopolysaccharide mediation of renal vasodilations and elevations in α7/α4β2-nAChR and iNOS expressions. Nicotine also reversed the downregulating effect of lipopolysaccharide on HSP70 expression. α7-nAChRs (methyllycaconitine citrate, MLA) or α4β2-nAChRs (dihydro-β-erythroidine, DHβE) blockade potentiated the lipopolysaccharide enhancement of renal vasodilations, and abolished the depressant effect of nicotine on lipopolysaccharide responses. A similar abolition of nicotine effects was seen after HSP70 inhibition by quercetin. Alternatively, lipopolysaccharide hypotension was eliminated in rats treated with DHβE/nicotine or quercetin/nicotine regimen in contrast to no effect for nicotine alone or combined with MLA. CONCLUSIONS These findings establish that nicotine offsets lipopolysaccharide facilitation of renal vasodilations possibly through a crosstalk between HSP70 and nAChRs of the α7 and α4β2 types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla M Wedn
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sahar M El-Gowilly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M El-Mas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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20
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Nielsen BE, Bermudez I, Bouzat C. Flavonoids as positive allosteric modulators of α7 nicotinic receptors. Neuropharmacology 2019; 160:107794. [PMID: 31560909 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The use of positive allosteric modulators (PAM) of α7 nicotinic receptors is a promising therapy for neurodegenerative, inflammatory and cognitive disorders. Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds showing neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and pro-cognitive actions. Besides their well-known antioxidant activity, flavonoids trigger intracellular pathways and interact with receptors, including α7. To reveal how the beneficial actions of flavonoids are linked to α7 function, we evaluated the effects of three representative flavonoids -genistein, quercetin and the neoflavonoid 5,7-dihydroxy-4-phenylcoumarin- on whole-cell and single-channel currents. All flavonoids increase the maximal currents elicited by acetylcholine with minimal effects on desensitization and do not reactivate desensitized receptors, a behaviour consistent with type I PAMs. At the single-channel level, they increase the duration of the open state and produce activation in long-duration episodes with a rank order of efficacy of genistein > quercetin ≥ neoflavonoid. By using mutant and chimeric α7 receptors, we demonstrated that flavonoids share transmembrane structural determinants with other PAMs. The α7-PAM activity of flavonoids results in decreased cell levels of reactive oxygen species. Thus, allosteric potentiation of α7 may be an additional mechanism underlying neuroprotective actions of flavonoids, which may be used as scaffolds for designing new therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Elizabeth Nielsen
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina
| | - Isabel Bermudez
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
| | - Cecilia Bouzat
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina.
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21
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Blue Light Illuminates a Novel Sepsis Treatment. Crit Care Med 2019; 46:1381-1382. [PMID: 30004973 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000003241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Inoue T, Tanaka S, Rosin DL, Okusa MD. Bioelectronic Approaches to Control Neuroimmune Interactions in Acute Kidney Injury. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2019; 9:cshperspect.a034231. [PMID: 30126836 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a034231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown renal protective effects of bioelectric approaches, including ultrasound treatment, electrical vagus nerve stimulation, and optogenetic brainstem C1 neuron stimulation. The renal protection acquired by all three modalities was lost in splenectomized mice and/or α7 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-deficient mice. C1 neuron-mediated renal protection was blocked by β2-adrenergic receptor antagonist. These findings indicate that all three methods commonly, at least partially, activate the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, a well-studied neuroimmune pathway. In this article, we summarize the current understanding of neuroimmune axis-mediated kidney protection in preclinical models of acute kidney injury by these three modalities. Examination of the differences among these three modalities might lead to a further elucidation of the neuroimmune axis involved in renal protection and is of interest for developing new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Inoue
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Shinji Tanaka
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Diane L Rosin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia Health System Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Mark D Okusa
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
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Peng C, Shi QP, Liu JY, Lv YJ, Li J, Yi L, Bai SS, Liu L, Wang PX, Zhou H, Huang KE, Dong Y. Alpha7 nAChR Expression Is Correlated with Arthritis Development and Inhibited by Sinomenine in Adjuvant-Induced Arthritic Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:3759304. [PMID: 31186658 PMCID: PMC6521432 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3759304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sinomenine (SIN) is the active ingredient of the Chinese herb Sinomenium acutum that has been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) for about 30 years in China. Marked expression of the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) in the joint synovium of RA patients suggested a relationship between α7nAChR and RA. This study investigated the relationship between α7nAChR and RA development and the effects of SIN on α7nAChR expression in vivo and in vitro. Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with complete Freund's adjuvant to induce arthritis and then treated with SIN or methotrexate (MTX) from day 0 to day 30. Four clinical parameters-paw volume, arthritic index (AI), serum TNF-α concentration, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)-were measured. Splenic lymphocytes were isolated for Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) stimulation. α7nAChR expression in tissues and cells was examined by RT-PCR, western blot, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry. Cell proliferation was evaluated by the CCK-8 assay. The relationship between α7nAChR expression and the four clinical parameters was analyzed by single-factor correlation analysis. Our results showed that the paw volume, AI, TNF-α concentration, and ESR in adjuvant-induced arthritic (AIA) rats were reduced by SIN or MTX treatment. SIN decreased α7nAChR expression in tissues and cells compared to the model group, while MTX had no significant effect on α7nAChR expression. Moreover, there was a positive relationship between α7nAChR expression and paw swelling, AI, and TNF-α concentration. Splenic lymphocyte activation was accompanied by increased α7nAChR expression, while SIN treatment inhibited cell activation and downregulated α7nAChR expression. α7nAChR expression showed a positive correlation with the progression of RA in AIA rats that may involve lymphocyte activation. Different from MTX, the inhibition of SIN on α7nAChR expression might contribute to its antiarthritic effect, suggesting that SIN could be an important supplement to the treatment strategy for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Peng
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-ping Shi
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-yan Liu
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-jun Lv
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lang Yi
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sha-sha Bai
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau
| | - Pei-xun Wang
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau
- International Institute of Translation Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke-er Huang
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Non-canonical cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway-mediated activation of peritoneal macrophages induces Hes1 and blocks ischemia/reperfusion injury in the kidney. Kidney Int 2019; 95:563-576. [PMID: 30670317 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) links the nervous and immune systems and modulates innate and adaptive immunity. Activation of the CAP by vagus nerve stimulation exerts protective effects in a wide variety of clinical disorders including rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease, and in murine models of acute kidney injury including ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). The canonical CAP pathway involves activation of splenic alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR)-positive macrophages by splenic β2-adrenergic receptor-positive CD4+ T cells. Here we demonstrate that ultrasound or vagus nerve stimulation also activated α7nAChR-positive peritoneal macrophages, and that adoptive transfer of these activated peritoneal macrophages reduced IRI in recipient mice. The protective effect required α7nAChR, and did not occur in splenectomized mice or in mice lacking T and B cells, suggesting a bidirectional interaction between α7nAChR-positive peritoneal macrophages and other immune cells including β2-adrenergic receptor-positive CD4+ T cells. We also found that expression of hairy and enhancer of split-1 (Hes1), a basic helix-loop-helix DNA-binding protein, is induced in peritoneal macrophages by ultrasound or vagus nerve stimulation. Adoptive transfer of Hes1-overexpressing peritoneal macrophages reduced kidney IRI. Our data suggest that Hes1 is downstream of α7nAChR and is important to fully activate the CAP. Taken together, these results suggest that peritoneal macrophages play a previously unrecognized role in mediating the protective effect of CAP activation in kidney injury, and that Hes1 is a new candidate pharmacological target to activate the CAP.
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Ahmad S, Zafar I, Mariappan N, Husain M, Wei CC, Vetal N, Eltoum IA, Ahmad A. Acute pulmonary effects of aerosolized nicotine. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 316:L94-L104. [PMID: 30358437 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00564.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine is a highly addictive principal component of both tobacco and electronic cigarette that is readily absorbed in blood. Nicotine-containing electronic cigarettes are promoted as a safe alternative to cigarette smoking. However, the isolated effects of inhaled nicotine are largely unknown. Here we report a novel rat model of aerosolized nicotine with a particle size (~1 μm) in the respirable diameter range. Acute nicotine inhalation caused increased pulmonary edema and lung injury as measured by enhanced bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein, IgM, lung wet-to-dry weight ratio, and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein and decreased lung E-cadherin protein. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed congested blood vessels and increased neutrophil infiltration. Lung myeloperoxidase mRNA and protein increased in the nicotine-exposed rats. Complete blood counts also showed an increase in neutrophils, white blood cells, eosinophils, and basophils. Arterial blood gas measurements showed an increase in lactate. Lungs of nicotine-inhaling animals revealed increased mRNA levels of IL-1A and CXCL1. There was also an increase in IL-1α protein. In in vitro air-liquid interface cultures of airway epithelial cells, there was a dose dependent increase in HMGB1 release with nicotine treatment. Air-liquid cultures exposed to nicotine also resulted in a dose-dependent loss of barrier as measured by transepithelial electrical resistance and a decrease in E-cadherin expression. Nicotine also caused a dose-dependent increase in epithelial cell death and an increase in caspase-3/7 activities. These results show that the nicotine content of electronic cigarettes may have adverse pulmonary and systemic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shama Ahmad
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Iram Zafar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Nithya Mariappan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Maroof Husain
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Chih-Chang Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Nilam Vetal
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Isam A Eltoum
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
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Laule CF, Wing CR, Odean EJ, Wilcox JA, Gilbert JS, Regal JF. Effect of nicotine on placental ischemia-induced complement activation and hypertension in the rat. J Immunotoxicol 2018; 14:235-240. [PMID: 29185370 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2017.1394934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific condition manifested by new-onset maternal hypertension with systemic inflammation, including increased innate immune system complement activation. While exact pathophysiology is unknown, evidence suggests that inadequate spiral artery invasion and resulting utero-placental insufficiency is the initiating event. Cigarette smoking during pregnancy decreases the risk of preeclampsia. Nicotine, a major component of cigarettes, stimulates the efferent cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway through peripherally expressed nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) and is known to attenuate ischemia-reperfusion injury in kidney and liver. Prior studies indicated that complement activation was critical for placental ischemia-induced hypertension in a rat model. Thus, it was hypothesized here that nicotine was responsible for the protective effect of cigarette smoking in preeclampsia and would attenuate placental ischemia-induced systemic complement activation and hypertension. The Reduced Utero-placental Perfusion Pressure (RUPP) model in the pregnant rat was employed to induce placental ischemia, resulting in complement activation, fetal resorptions, and hypertension. On gestation day (GD)14, nicotine (1 mg/kg) or saline was administered via subcutaneous injection prior to RUPP surgery and daily through GD18. On GD19, placental ischemia significantly increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) in saline injected animals. However, the placental ischemia-induced increase in blood pressure was not evident in nicotine-treated animals and nicotine treatment significantly increased MAP variability. Circulating C3a was measured as an indicator of complement activation and increased C3a in RUPP compared to Sham persisted with nicotine treatment, as did fetal resorptions. These data suggested to us that nicotine may contribute to the decreased risk of preeclampsia with cigarette smoking, but this protective effect was confounded by additional effects of nicotine on the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor F Laule
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences , University of Minnesota, Medical School , Duluth , MN , USA
| | - Cameron R Wing
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences , University of Minnesota, Medical School , Duluth , MN , USA
| | - Evan J Odean
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences , University of Minnesota, Medical School , Duluth , MN , USA
| | - Jacob A Wilcox
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences , University of Minnesota, Medical School , Duluth , MN , USA
| | - Jeffrey S Gilbert
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences , University of Minnesota, Medical School , Duluth , MN , USA
| | - Jean F Regal
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences , University of Minnesota, Medical School , Duluth , MN , USA
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Alahmari AA, Sreekumar B, Patel V, Ashat M, Alexandre M, Uduman AK, Akinbiyi EO, Ceplenski A, Shugrue CA, Kolodecik TR, Tashkandi N, Messenger SW, Groblewski GE, Gorelick FS, Thrower EC. Cigarette toxin 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) induces experimental pancreatitis through α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197362. [PMID: 29870540 PMCID: PMC5988302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies have shown that cigarette smoking is a dose-dependent and independent risk factor for acute pancreatitis. Cigarette smoke contains nicotine which can be converted to the potent receptor ligand and toxin, NNK [4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone]. Previously, we have shown that NNK induces premature activation of pancreatic zymogens in rats, an initiating event in pancreatitis, and this activation is prevented by pharmacologic inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR). In this study, we determined whether NNK mediates pancreatitis through the α7 isoform of nAChR using α7nAChR knockout mice. PCR analysis confirmed expression of non-neuronal α7nAChR in C57BL/6 (WT) mouse and human acinar cells. NNK treatment stimulated trypsinogen activation in acini from WT but not α7nAChR-/- mice. NNK also stimulated trypsinogen activation in human acini. To further confirm these findings, WT and α7nAChR-/- mice were treated with NNK in vivo and markers of pancreatitis were measured. As observed in acini NNK treatment induced trypsinogen activation in WT but not α7nAChR-/- mice. NNK also induced other markers of pancreatitis including pancreatic edema, vacuolization and pyknotic nuclei in WT but not α7nAChR-/- animals. NNK treatment led to increased neutrophil infiltration, a marker of inflammation, in WT mice and to a significantly lesser extent in α7nAChR-/- mice. We also examined downstream targets of α7nAChR activation and found that calcium and PKC activation are involved down stream of NNK stimulation of α7nAChR. In this study we used genetic deletion of the α7nAChR to confirm our previous inhibitor studies that demonstrated NNK stimulates pancreatitis by activating this receptor. Lastly, we demonstrate that NNK can also stimulate zymogen activation in human acinar cells and thus may play a role in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Alahmari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - B. Sreekumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - V. Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - M. Ashat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - M. Alexandre
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - A. K. Uduman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - E. O. Akinbiyi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - A. Ceplenski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - C. A. Shugrue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - T. R. Kolodecik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - N. Tashkandi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - S. W. Messenger
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - G. E. Groblewski
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - F. S. Gorelick
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, CT, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - E. C. Thrower
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, CT, United States of America
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Ren C, Li XH, Wang SB, Wang LX, Dong N, Wu Y, Yao YM. Activation of Central Alpha 7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Reverses Suppressed Immune Function of T Lymphocytes and Protects Against Sepsis Lethality. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:748-759. [PMID: 29910685 PMCID: PMC6001681 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.24576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis remains the leading cause of high mortality and huge financial burden in intensive care units (ICU), but with scarce effective treatments due to refractory multiple organ dysfunction and persistent immunosuppression. Treatments that aim at modulating immune function and attenuating multiple organ injury will certainly benefit septic cases. Alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAchR) has been reported with potent immunomodulatory properties in various diseases as the essential mediator of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP). Few studies have demonstrated the potential effect of central α7nAchR on the progression and prognosis of septic response, while its expression was first discovered on neurons and most abundant in the central nervous system. In the present study, it was found severe damage of multiple organs under the operation of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in rats, including heart, liver, kidneys, and lungs, as evidenced by abnormal histomorphology and notable elevation of injury markers. Concurrently, the function of spleen CD4+ T cells was disrupted under septic challenge, accompanied by polarization of helper T cell (Th)2, which exhibited outward signs of immunosuppression. Intracerebroventricular injection of PNU282987, a selective agonist of α7nAchR, significantly alleviated multiple organ injury, reversed immunosuppressive state, and improved the outcome of septic rats, while they were exacerbated by treatment with methyllycaconitine, a selective antagonist of α7nAchR. This study provides the first evidence that activation of central α7nAchR is beneficial for attenuating multiple organ dysfunction as well as abnormal immune response, and improving the prognosis of rats when exposed with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ren
- Trauma Research Center, First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Hua Li
- Trauma Research Center, First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China.,Emergency Department, Jin Hua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua 321001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Bin Wang
- Trauma Research Center, First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Xue Wang
- Trauma Research Center, First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Dong
- Trauma Research Center, First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Wu
- Trauma Research Center, First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Ming Yao
- Trauma Research Center, First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China
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29
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Kim H, Kim SR, Je J, Jeong K, Kim S, Kim HJ, Chang KC, Park SW. The proximal tubular α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor attenuates ischemic acute kidney injury through Akt/PKC signaling-mediated HO-1 induction. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-17. [PMID: 29674665 PMCID: PMC5938048 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0061-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) has been shown to attenuate excessive inflammation by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines during ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury; however, the underlying kidney-specific molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The protective action of α7nAChR against renal IR injury was investigated using a selective α7nAChR agonist and antagonist. α7nAChR activation reduced plasma creatinine levels and tubular cell damage, whereas α7nAChR inhibition aggravated the IR-induced phenotype. α7nAChR activation decreased neutrophil infiltration and proinflammatory cytokine expression, increased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression, and reduced proximal tubular apoptosis after IR as shown by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling staining and caspase-3 cleavage. In this study, we first showed that α7nAChR activation in the proximal tubules induced HO-1 expression through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and protein kinase C (PKC) signaling pathway in vivo in renal IR mice and in vitro in proximal tubular cells. Chemical inhibitors of PKC or PI3K/Akt and small interfering RNA-mediated PKC silencing confirmed the signal specificity of α7nAChR-mediated HO-1 induction in the proximal tubular cells. α7nAChR activation inhibited high-mobility group box 1 release by inducing HO-1 expression and reduced proinflammatory cytokine gene expression and apoptotic cell death in tumor necrosis factor α-stimulated proximal tubular cells. Taken together, we conclude that α7nAChR activation in proximal tubular cells directly protects cells against renal IR injury by inducing HO-1 expression through PI3K/Akt and PKC signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwajin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - So Ra Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Je
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuho Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooji Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Churl Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. This disease is believed to occur in two stages with placental dysfunction in early pregnancy leading to maternal clinical findings after 20 weeks of gestation, as consequence of systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction. Much evidence suggests that PE women display an overshooting inflammatory response throughout pregnancy due to an unbalanced regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Recently, it has been suggested that dysregulation of endogenous protective pathways might be associated with PE etiopathogenesis. Resolution of inflammation is an active process coordinated by mediators from diverse nature that regulate key cellular events to restore tissue homeostasis. Inadequate or insufficient resolution of inflammation is believed to play an important role in the development of chronic inflammatory diseases, like PE. In this narrative review, we discuss possible pro-resolution pathways that might be compromised in PE women, which could be targets to novel therapeutic strategies in this disease.
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Park EJ, Kim YM, Kim HJ, Chang KC. Luteolin activates ERK1/2- and Ca 2+-dependent HO-1 induction that reduces LPS-induced HMGB1, iNOS/NO, and COX-2 expression in RAW264.7 cells and mitigates acute lung injury of endotoxin mice. Inflamm Res 2018; 67:445-453. [PMID: 29497773 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-018-1137-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although luteolin has shown to have anti-inflammatory action, no report is available whether luteolin inhibits HMGB1 and protects acute lung injury (ALI) in endotoxin rodents. We hypothesized that HO-1 induction by luteolin might play a crucial role for inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators including HMGB1 through MAPK signaling in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells, and it ameliorates ALI of endotoxin mice. METHODS The effects of luteolin on the production of pro-inflammatory mediators in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells and LPS-injected mice were evaluated. The mechanisms were investigated using various signal inhibitors. RESULTS Luteolin significantly increased HO-1 expression through ERK1/2 signaling in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Indeed, luteolin inhibited pro-inflammatory mediators (HMGB1, iNOS/NO, COX-2, and NF-κB activity) in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. In addition, PD98059, an ERK1/2 inhibitor, treatment failed to inhibit production of these pro-inflammatory mediators by luteolin. Interestingly, luteolin augmented HO-1 induction through Ca2+ influx in RAW264.7 cells. Administration of luteolin significantly inhibited plasma HMGB1 level, and iNOS expression in the lung that resulted in a significant reduction of ALI in endotoxin mice that was reversed by a HO-1 inhibitor, ZnPPIX. CONCLUSION Therefore, we conclude that luteolin has a great potential for treatment of ALI and related diseases, where HMGB1 is a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52527, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52527, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52527, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Churl Chang
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52527, Republic of Korea.
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GLA supplementation regulates PHD2 mediated hypoxia and mitochondrial apoptosis in DMBA induced mammary gland carcinoma. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 96:51-62. [PMID: 29355756 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of gamma linolenic acid (GLA) on mitochondrial mediated death apoptosis, hypoxic microenvironment and cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway against 7, 12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA) induced mammary gland carcinoma. The effects of GLA were evaluated morphologically and biochemically against DMBA induced mammary gland carcinoma. The metabolic study was done for evaluation of biomarkers using 1H NMR. The present study was also verified through immunoblotting and qRT-PCR studies for the evaluation of various pathways. GLA treatment has a delineate implementation upon morphology of the tissues when evaluated through carmine staining, hematoxyline and eosin staining and scanning electron microscopy. GLA also demarked a commendatory proclamation of the fifteen key serum metabolites analogous with amino acid metabolism and fatty acid metabolism when recognized through1H NMR studies. The immunoblotting and qRT-PCR studies accomplished that GLA mediated mitochondrial death apoptosis, curtail hypoxic microenvironment along with hindrance of de novo fatty acid synthesis and also mediate the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway to proclaim its anticancer effects.
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Shields PG, Berman M, Brasky TM, Freudenheim JL, Mathe E, McElroy JP, Song MA, Wewers MD. A Review of Pulmonary Toxicity of Electronic Cigarettes in the Context of Smoking: A Focus on Inflammation. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017; 26:1175-1191. [PMID: 28642230 PMCID: PMC5614602 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-17-0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) is increasing rapidly, but their effects on lung toxicity are largely unknown. Smoking is a well-established cause of lung cancer and respiratory disease, in part through inflammation. It is plausible that e-cig use might affect similar inflammatory pathways. E-cigs are used by some smokers as an aid for quitting or smoking reduction, and by never smokers (e.g., adolescents and young adults). The relative effects for impacting disease risk may differ for these groups. Cell culture and experimental animal data indicate that e-cigs have the potential for inducing inflammation, albeit much less than smoking. Human studies show that e-cig use in smokers is associated with substantial reductions in blood or urinary biomarkers of tobacco toxicants when completely switching and somewhat for dual use. However, the extent to which these biomarkers are surrogates for potential lung toxicity remains unclear. The FDA now has regulatory authority over e-cigs and can regulate product and e-liquid design features, such as nicotine content and delivery, voltage, e-liquid formulations, and flavors. All of these factors may impact pulmonary toxicity. This review summarizes current data on pulmonary inflammation related to both smoking and e-cig use, with a focus on human lung biomarkers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(8); 1175-91. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G Shields
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University and James Cancer Hospital, and College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio.
| | - Micah Berman
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University and James Cancer Hospital, and College of Public Health, Ohio
| | - Theodore M Brasky
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University and James Cancer Hospital, and College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jo L Freudenheim
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Ewy Mathe
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Joseph P McElroy
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Min-Ae Song
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University and James Cancer Hospital, and College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mark D Wewers
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Heme Oxygenase-1/Carbon Monoxide-regulated Mitochondrial Dynamic Equilibrium Contributes to the Attenuation of Endotoxin-induced Acute Lung Injury in Rats and in Lipopolysaccharide-activated Macrophages. Anesthesiology 2017; 125:1190-1201. [PMID: 27575447 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000001333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis-associated acute lung injury remains the major cause of mortality in critically ill patients and is characterized by marked oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial dynamics are indispensable for functional integrity. Additionally, heme oxygenase (HO)-1/carbon monoxide conferred cytoprotection against end-organ damage during endotoxic shock. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that HO-1/carbon monoxide played a critical role in maintaining the dynamic process of mitochondrial fusion/fission to mitigate lung injury in Sprague-Dawley rats or RAW 264.7 macrophages exposed to endotoxin. METHODS The production of reactive oxygen species, the respiratory control ratio (RCR), and the expressions of HO-1 and mitochondrial dynamic markers were determined in macrophages. Concurrently, alterations in the pathology of lung tissue, lipid peroxidation, and the expressions of the crucial dynamic proteins were detected in rats. RESULTS Endotoxin caused a 31% increase in reactive oxygen species and a 41% decrease in RCR levels (n = 5 per group). In parallel, the increased expression of HO-1 was observed in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages, concomitantly with excessive mitochondrial fission. Furthermore, carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-2 or hemin normalized mitochondrial dynamics, which were abrogated by zinc protoporphyrin IX. Additionally, impaired mitochondrial dynamic balance was shown in Sprague-Dawley rats that received lipopolysaccharide, accompanied by pathologic injury, elevated malondialdehyde contents, decreased manganese superoxide dismutase activities, and lowered RCR levels in rat lung mitochondria. However, the above parameters were augmented by zinc protoporphyrin IX and were in turn reversed by hemin. CONCLUSIONS The HO-1/carbon monoxide system modulated the imbalance of the dynamic mitochondrial fusion/fission process evoked by lipopolysaccharide and efficiently ameliorated endotoxin-induced lung injury in vivo and in vitro.
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35
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Ren C, Tong YL, Li JC, Lu ZQ, Yao YM. The Protective Effect of Alpha 7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Activation on Critical Illness and Its Mechanism. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:46-56. [PMID: 28123345 PMCID: PMC5264260 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.16404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical illnesses and injuries are recognized as major threats to human health, and they are usually accompanied by uncontrolled inflammation and dysfunction of immune response. The alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAchR), which is a primary receptor of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP), exhibits great benefits for critical ill conditions. It is composed of 5 identical α7 subunits that form a central pore with high permeability for calcium. This putative structure is closely associated with its functional states. Activated α7nAChR exhibits extensive anti-inflammatory and immune modulatory reactions, including lowered pro-inflammatory cytokines levels, decreased expressions of chemokines as well as adhesion molecules, and altered differentiation and activation of immune cells, which are important in maintaining immune homeostasis. Well understanding of the effects and mechanisms of α7nAChR will be of great value in exploring effective targets for treating critical diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ren
- Trauma Research Center, First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Lin Tong
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, the 181st Hospital of Chinese PLA, Guilin 541002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Cong Li
- Trauma Research Center, First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Qiu Lu
- Emergency Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Ming Yao
- Trauma Research Center, First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China.; State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China
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Therapeutic potential and limitations of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in sepsis. Pharmacol Res 2016; 117:1-8. [PMID: 27979692 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is one of the main causes of mortality in hospitalized patients. Despite the recent technical advances and the development of novel generation of antibiotics, severe sepsis remains a major clinical and scientific challenge in modern medicine. Unsuccessful efforts have been dedicated to the search of therapeutic options to treat the deleterious inflammatory components of sepsis. Recent findings on neuronal networks controlling immunity raised expectations for novel therapeutic strategies to promote the regulation of sterile inflammation, such as autoimmune diseases. Interesting studies have dissected the anatomical constituents of the so-called "cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway", suggesting that electrical vagus nerve stimulation and pharmacological activation of beta-2 adrenergic and alpha-7 nicotinic receptors could be alternative strategies for improving inflammatory conditions. However, the literature on infectious diseases, such as sepsis, is still controversial and, therefore, the real therapeutic potential of this neuroimmune pathway is not well defined. In this review, we will discuss the beneficial and detrimental effects of neural manipulation in sepsis, which depend on the multiple variables of the immune system and the nature of the infection. These observations suggest future critical studies to validate the clinical implications of vagal parasympathetic signaling in sepsis treatment.
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Lopes F, Graepel R, Reyes JL, Wang A, Petri B, McDougall JJ, Sharkey KA, McKay DM. Involvement of Mast Cells in α7 Nicotinic Receptor Agonist Exacerbation of Freund's Complete Adjuvant-Induced Monoarthritis in Mice. Arthritis Rheumatol 2016; 68:542-52. [PMID: 26314943 DOI: 10.1002/art.39411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Activation of antiinflammatory cholinergic (vagal) pathways can reduce inflammation, and in vitro studies support a pivotal role of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7-nAChR), macrophages, and T cells in these events. The aim of this study was to assess α7-nAChR agonists as an antiinflammatory treatment for Freund's complete adjuvant (CFA)-induced monoarthritis. METHODS Arthritis was induced by intraarticular injection of CFA unilaterally into the knee joints of mice. Animals were treated with α7-nAChR agonists (AR-R17779 or A844606), with or without antagonists (COG133 or methyllycaconitine), and joint inflammation and pain were assessed. Experiments were repeated in c-Kit(W-sh) mast cell-deficient mice, and the effects of an α7-nAChR agonist on mast cell proliferation, migration, and activation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were tested. RESULTS Treatment with α7-nAChR agonists significantly exacerbated CFA-induced arthritis and pain, as gauged by all indices of assessment, the specificity of which was confirmed by coadministration of an nAChR antagonist that attenuated the increase in disease severity. Toluidine blue-positive mast cells were increased in the joint capsule of CFA plus AR-R17779-treated mice, and AR-R17779 enhanced LPS-induced TNF proliferation and migration of a human mast cell line. The AR-R17779-driven increase in severity of CFA-induced arthritis was significantly reduced in mast cell-deficient mice. CONCLUSION Using CFA to elicit a local inflammatory response, we found that pharmacologic activation of α7-nAChR exacerbated joint inflammation and pain, in part via mast cells, which illustrates the organ- and disease-specific nature of regulatory neuroimmune mechanisms. Thus, α7-nAChR activation may not be uniformly antiinflammatory in all types of inflammatory joint disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Arthur Wang
- University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Björn Petri
- University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Li-Sha G, Jing-Lin Z, Guang-Yi C, Li L, De-Pu Z, Yue-Chun L. Dose-dependent protective effect of nicotine in a murine model of viral myocarditis induced by coxsackievirus B3. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15895. [PMID: 26507386 PMCID: PMC4623743 DOI: 10.1038/srep15895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR) was recently described as an anti-inflammatory target in various inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the dose-related effects of nicotine, an alpha7 nAChR agonist, in murine model of viral myocarditis. BALB/C mice were infected by an intraperitoneally injection with coxsackievirus B3. Nicotine was administered at doses of 0.1, 0.2 or 0.4 mg/kg three times per day for 7 or 14 consecutive days. The effects of nicotine on survival, myocardial histopathological changes, cardiac function, and cytokine levels were studied. The survival rate on day 14 increased in a dose-dependent fashion and was markedly higher in the 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg nicotine groups than in the infected untreated group. Treatment with high-dose nicotine reduced the myocardial inflammation and improved the impaired left ventricular function in infected mice. The mRNA expressions and protein levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17A were significantly downregulated in dose-dependent manners in the nicotine treatment groups compared to the infected untreated group. Nicotine dose-dependently reduced the severity of viral myocarditis through inhibiting the production of proinflammatory cytokines. The findings suggest that alpha7 nAChR agonists may be a promising new strategy for patients with viral myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Li-Sha
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Zhao Jing-Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Chen Guang-Yi
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Liu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Zhou De-Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Li Yue-Chun
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
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Carbon Monoxide Inhibits Tenascin-C Mediated Inflammation via IL-10 Expression in a Septic Mouse Model. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:613249. [PMID: 26557739 PMCID: PMC4617695 DOI: 10.1155/2015/613249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tenascin-C (TN-C), an extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein, is specifically induced upon tissue injury and infection and during septic conditions. Carbon monoxide (CO) gas is known to exert various anti-inflammatory effects in various inflammatory diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying the effect of CO on TN-C-mediated inflammation are unknown. In the present study, we found that treatment with LPS significantly enhanced TN-C expression in macrophages. CO gas, or treatment with the CO-donor compound, CORM-2, dramatically reduced LPS-induced expression of TN-C and proinflammatory cytokines while significantly increased the expression of IL-10. Treatment with TN-C siRNA significantly suppressed the effects of LPS on proinflammatory cytokines production. TN-C siRNA did not affect the CORM-2-dependent increase of IL-10 expression. In cells transfected with IL-10 siRNA, CORM-2 had no effect on the LPS-induced expression of TN-C and its downstream cytokines. These data suggest that IL-10 mediates the inhibitory effect of CO on TN-C and the downstream production of proinflammatory cytokines. Additionally, administration of CORM-2 dramatically reduced LPS-induced TN-C and proinflammatory cytokines production while expression of IL-10 was significantly increased. In conclusion, CO regulated IL-10 expression and thus inhibited TN-C-mediated inflammation in vitro and in vivo.
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Khalifeh S, Fakhfouri G, Mehr SE, Mousavizadeh K, Dehpour AR, Khodagholi F, Kazmi S, Rahimian R. Beyond the 5-HT3 receptors. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 34:922-31. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327114562034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of reactive oxygen species, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), generated by inflammatory cells or other pathological conditions, leads to oxidative stress, which may contribute to the neuronal degeneration observed in a wide variety of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. Recent investigations have described effective properties of tropisetron, such as antiphlogistic action or protection against β-amyloid induced-neuroinflammation in rats. Our data revealed that H2O2-induced cell death in rat pheochromocytoma cell line (PC12) can be inhibited by tropisetron, as defined by 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay, caspase 3 and caspase 12 levels. We further showed that tropisetron exerts its protective effects by upregulation of heme oxygenase-1, glutathione, catalase activity, and nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 level. Moreover, tropisetron was recently found to be a partial agonist of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR). The activation of α7nAChR could inhibit inflammatory and apoptotic signaling pathways in the oxidative stress conditions. In this study, selective α7nAChR antagonists (methyllycaconitine) reversed the effects of tropisetron on caspase 3 level. Our findings indicated that tropisetron can protect PC12 cells against H2O2-induced neurotoxicity through α7nAChR in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Khalifeh
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - G Fakhfouri
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada. Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Institut Universitaire en Sante Mentale de Quebec (IUSMQ) research center, Quebec, Canada
| | - SE Mehr
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - K Mousavizadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center and Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - AR Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - F Khodagholi
- NeuroBiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - S Kazmi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - R Rahimian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Báez-Pagán CA, Delgado-Vélez M, Lasalde-Dominicci JA. Activation of the Macrophage α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor and Control of Inflammation. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2015; 10:468-76. [PMID: 25870122 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-015-9601-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory responses to stimuli are essential body defenses against foreign threats. However, uncontrolled inflammation may result in serious health problems, which can be life-threatening. The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, a ligand-gated ion channel expressed in the nervous and immune systems, has an essential role in the control of inflammation. Activation of the macrophage α7 receptor by acetylcholine, nicotine, or other agonists, selectively inhibits production of pro-inflammatory cytokines while leaving anti-inflammatory cytokines undisturbed. The neural control of this regulation pathway was discovered recently and it was named the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP). When afferent vagus nerve terminals are activated by cytokines or other pro-inflammatory stimuli, the message travels through the afferent vagus nerve, resulting in action potentials traveling down efferent vagus nerve fibers in a process that eventually leads to macrophage α7 activation by acetylcholine and inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines production. The mechanism by which activation of α7 in macrophages regulates pro-inflammatory responses is subject of intense research, and important insights have thus been made. The results suggest that activation of the macrophage α7 controls inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB nuclear translocation, and activating the JAK2/STAT3 pathway among other suggested pathways. While the α7 is well characterized as a ligand-gated ion channel in neurons, whole-cell patch clamp experiments suggest that α7's ion channel activity, defined as the translocation of ions across the membrane in response to ligands, is absent in leukocytes, and therefore, ion channel activity is generally assumed not to be required for the operation of the CAP. In this perspective, we briefly review macrophage α7 activation as it relates to the control of inflammation, and broaden the current view by providing single-channel currents as evidence that the α7 expressed in macrophages retains its ion translocation activity despite the absence of whole-cell currents. Whether this ion-translocating activity is relevant for the proper operation of the CAP or other important physiological processes remains obscure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Báez-Pagán
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, PO Box 23360, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 00931,
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Ambegaokar SS, Kolson DL. Heme oxygenase-1 dysregulation in the brain: implications for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Curr HIV Res 2015; 12:174-88. [PMID: 24862327 PMCID: PMC4155834 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x12666140526122709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a highly inducible and ubiquitous cellular enzyme that subserves cytoprotective responses to toxic insults, including inflammation and oxidative stress. In neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and multiple sclerosis, HO-1 expression is increased, presumably reflecting an endogenous neuroprotective response against ongoing cellular injury. In contrast, we have found that in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection of the brain, which is also associated with inflammation, oxidative stress and neurodegeneration, HO-1 expression is decreased, likely reflecting a unique role for HO-1 deficiency in neurodegeneration pathways activated by HIV infection. We have also shown that HO-1 expression is significantly suppressed by HIV replication in cultured macrophages which represent the primary cellular reservoir for HIV in the brain. HO-1 deficiency is associated with release of neurotoxic levels of glutamate from both HIV-infected and immune-activated macrophages; this glutamate-mediated neurotoxicity is suppressed by pharmacological induction of HO-1 expression in the macrophages. Thus, HO-1 induction could be a therapeutic strategy for neuroprotection against HIV infection and other neuroinflammatory brain diseases. Here, we review various stimuli and signaling pathways regulating HO-1 expression in macrophages, which could promote neuronal survival through HO-1-modulation of endogenous antioxidant and immune modulatory pathways, thus limiting the oxidative stress that can promote HIV disease progression in the CNS. The use of pharmacological inducers of endogenous HO-1 expression as potential adjunctive neuroprotective therapeutics in HIV infection is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dennis L Kolson
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 280 Clinical Research Building, 415 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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IRG1 induced by heme oxygenase-1/carbon monoxide inhibits LPS-mediated sepsis and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Cell Mol Immunol 2015; 13:170-9. [PMID: 25640654 PMCID: PMC4786624 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2015.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunoresponsive gene 1 (IRG1) protein has crucial functions in embryonic implantation and neurodegeneration. IRG1 promotes endotoxin tolerance by increasing A20 expression in macrophages through reactive oxygen species (ROS). The cytoprotective protein heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which generates endogenous carbon monoxide (CO), is expressed in the lung during Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) tolerance and cross tolerance. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms and functional links between IRG1 and HO-1 in the innate immune system remain unknown. In the present study, we found that the CO releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2) and chemical inducers of HO-1 increased IRG1 expression in a time- and dose-dependent fashion in RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, inhibition of HO-1 activity by zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP) and HO-1 siRNA significantly reduced expression of IRG1 under these conditions. In addition, treatment with CO and HO-1 induction significantly increased A20 expression, which was reversed by ZnPP and HO-1 siRNA. LPS-stimulated TNF-α was significantly decreased, whereas IRG1 and A20 were increased by CORM-2 application and HO-1 induction, which in turn were abrogated by ZnPP. Interestingly, siRNA against IRG1 and A20 reversed the effects of CO and HO-1 on LPS-stimulated TNF-α production. Additionally, CO and HO-1 inducers significantly increased IRG1 and A20 expression and downregulated TNF-α production in a LPS-stimulated sepsis mice model. Furthermore, the effects of CO and HO-1 on TNF-α production were significantly reversed when ZnPP was administered. In conclusion, CO and HO-1 induction regulates IRG1 and A20 expression, leading to inhibition of inflammation in vitro and in an in vivo mice model.
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Kang R, Chen R, Zhang Q, Hou W, Wu S, Cao L, Huang J, Yu Y, Fan XG, Yan Z, Sun X, Wang H, Wang Q, Tsung A, Billiar TR, Zeh HJ, Lotze MT, Tang D. HMGB1 in health and disease. Mol Aspects Med 2014; 40:1-116. [PMID: 25010388 PMCID: PMC4254084 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 681] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Complex genetic and physiological variations as well as environmental factors that drive emergence of chromosomal instability, development of unscheduled cell death, skewed differentiation, and altered metabolism are central to the pathogenesis of human diseases and disorders. Understanding the molecular bases for these processes is important for the development of new diagnostic biomarkers, and for identifying new therapeutic targets. In 1973, a group of non-histone nuclear proteins with high electrophoretic mobility was discovered and termed high-mobility group (HMG) proteins. The HMG proteins include three superfamilies termed HMGB, HMGN, and HMGA. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), the most abundant and well-studied HMG protein, senses and coordinates the cellular stress response and plays a critical role not only inside of the cell as a DNA chaperone, chromosome guardian, autophagy sustainer, and protector from apoptotic cell death, but also outside the cell as the prototypic damage associated molecular pattern molecule (DAMP). This DAMP, in conjunction with other factors, thus has cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor activity, orchestrating the inflammatory and immune response. All of these characteristics make HMGB1 a critical molecular target in multiple human diseases including infectious diseases, ischemia, immune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancer. Indeed, a number of emergent strategies have been used to inhibit HMGB1 expression, release, and activity in vitro and in vivo. These include antibodies, peptide inhibitors, RNAi, anti-coagulants, endogenous hormones, various chemical compounds, HMGB1-receptor and signaling pathway inhibition, artificial DNAs, physical strategies including vagus nerve stimulation and other surgical approaches. Future work further investigating the details of HMGB1 localization, structure, post-translational modification, and identification of additional partners will undoubtedly uncover additional secrets regarding HMGB1's multiple functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
| | - Ruochan Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Qiuhong Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Wen Hou
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Sha Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Lizhi Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xue-Gong Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhengwen Yan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Xiaofang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Experimental Department of Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510510, China
| | - Haichao Wang
- Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Qingde Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Allan Tsung
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Herbert J Zeh
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Michael T Lotze
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
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Shukla P, Rao GM, Pandey G, Sharma S, Mittapelly N, Shegokar R, Mishra PR. Therapeutic interventions in sepsis: current and anticipated pharmacological agents. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:5011-31. [PMID: 24977655 PMCID: PMC4253453 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a clinical syndrome characterized by a multisystem response to a pathogenic assault due to underlying infection that involves a combination of interconnected biochemical, cellular and organ-organ interactive networks. After the withdrawal of recombinant human-activated protein C (rAPC), researchers and physicians have continued to search for new therapeutic approaches and targets against sepsis, effective in both hypo- and hyperinflammatory states. Currently, statins are being evaluated as a viable option in clinical trials. Many agents that have shown favourable results in experimental sepsis are not clinically effective or have not been clinically evaluated. Apart from developing new therapeutic molecules, there is great scope for for developing a variety of drug delivery strategies, such as nanoparticulate carriers and phospholipid-based systems. These nanoparticulate carriers neutralize intracorporeal LPS as well as deliver therapeutic agents to targeted tissues and subcellular locations. Here, we review and critically discuss the present status and new experimental and clinical approaches for therapeutic intervention in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Shukla
- Pharmaceutics Division, Preclinical South PCS 002/011, CSIR – Central Drug Research InstituteLucknow, India
| | - G Madhava Rao
- Pharmaceutics Division, Preclinical South PCS 002/011, CSIR – Central Drug Research InstituteLucknow, India
| | - Gitu Pandey
- Pharmaceutics Division, Preclinical South PCS 002/011, CSIR – Central Drug Research InstituteLucknow, India
| | - Shweta Sharma
- Pharmaceutics Division, Preclinical South PCS 002/011, CSIR – Central Drug Research InstituteLucknow, India
| | - Naresh Mittapelly
- Pharmaceutics Division, Preclinical South PCS 002/011, CSIR – Central Drug Research InstituteLucknow, India
| | - Ranjita Shegokar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics & NutriCosmetics, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany
| | - Prabhat Ranjan Mishra
- Pharmaceutics Division, Preclinical South PCS 002/011, CSIR – Central Drug Research InstituteLucknow, India
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Zanetti F, Giacomello M, Donati Y, Carnesecchi S, Frieden M, Barazzone-Argiroffo C. Nicotine mediates oxidative stress and apoptosis through cross talk between NOX1 and Bcl-2 in lung epithelial cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 76:173-84. [PMID: 25151121 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine contributes to the onset and progression of several pulmonary diseases. Among the various pathophysiological mechanisms triggered by nicotine, oxidative stress and cell death are reported in several cell types. We found that chronic exposure to nicotine (48h) induced NOX1-dependent oxidative stress and apoptosis in primary pulmonary cells. In murine (MLE-12) and human (BEAS-2B) lung epithelial cell lines, nicotine acted as a sensitizer to cell death and synergistically enhanced apoptosis when cells were concomitantly exposed to hyperoxia. The precise signaling pathway was investigated in MLE-12 cells in which NOX1 was abrogated by a specific inhibitor or stably silenced by shRNA. In the early phase of exposure (1h), nicotine mediated intracellular Ca(2+) fluxes and activation of protein kinase C, which in its turn activated NOX1, leading to cellular and mitochondrial oxidative stress. The latter triggered the intrinsic apoptotic machinery by modulating the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax. Overexpression of Bcl-2 completely prevented nicotine's detrimental effects, suggesting Bcl-2as a downstream key regulator in nicotine/NOX1-induced cell damage. These results suggest that NOX1 is a major contributor to the generation of intracellular oxidative stress induced by nicotine and might be an important molecule to target in nicotine-related lung pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Zanetti
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical School, and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marta Giacomello
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Yves Donati
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical School, and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Carnesecchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical School, and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maud Frieden
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Constance Barazzone-Argiroffo
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical School, and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 protects mice against polymicrobial sepsis by enhancing bacterial clearance. Anesthesiology 2014; 121:336-51. [PMID: 24781495 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000000275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest that the transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channel plays an important role in inflammation and immune response. However, the role and mechanism of TRPM2 in polymicrobial sepsis remain unclear. METHODS The authors explored the effects of genetic disruption of TRPM2 on mortality (n = 15), bacterial clearance (n = 6), organ injury, and systemic inflammation during cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis. Electrophysiology, immunoblot, bacterial clearance experiment, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to explore the role and mechanism of TRPM2 in sepsis. RESULTS After cecal ligation and puncture, Trpm2-knockout mice had increased mortality compared with wild-type mice (73.3 vs. 40%, P = 0.0289). The increased mortality was associated with increased bacterial burden, organ injury, and systemic inflammation. TRPM2-mediated Ca influx plays an important role in lipopolysaccharide or cecal ligation and puncture-induced heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in macrophage. HO-1 up-regulation decreased bacterial burden both in wild-type bone marrow-derived macrophages and in cecal ligation and puncture-induced septic wild-type mice. Disruption of TRPM2 decreased HO-1 expression and increased bacterial burden in bone marrow-derived macrophages. Pretreatment of Trpm2-knockout bone marrow-derived macrophages with HO-1 inducer markedly increased HO-1 expression and decreased bacterial burden. Pretreatment of Trpm2-knockout mice with HO-1 inducer reversed the susceptibility of Trpm2-knockout mice to sepsis by enhancing the bacterial clearance. In addition, septic patients with lower monocytic TRPM2 and HO-1 messenger RNA levels had a worse outcome compared with septic patients with normal monocytic TRPM2 and HO-1 messenger RNA levels. TRPM2 levels correlated with HO-1 levels in septic patients (r = 0.675, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION The study data demonstrate a protective role of TRPM2 in controlling bacterial clearance during polymicrobial sepsis possibly by regulating HO-1 expression.
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Gahring LC, Myers E, Palumbos S, Rogers SW. Nicotinic receptor Alpha7 expression during mouse adrenal gland development. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103861. [PMID: 25093893 PMCID: PMC4122369 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 7 (α7) is a ligand-activated ion channel that contributes to a diversity of cellular processes involved in development, neurotransmission and inflammation. In this report the expression of α7 was examined in the mouse developing and adult adrenal gland that expresses a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter as a bi-cistronic extension of the endogenous α7 transcript (α7(G)). At embryonic day 12.5 (E12.5) α7(G) expression was associated with the suprarenal ganglion and precursor cells of the adrenal gland. The α7(G) cells are catecholaminergic chromaffin cells as reflected by their progressive increase in the co-expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) that is complete by E18.5. In the adult, α7(G) expression is limited to a subset of chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla that cluster near the border with the adrenal cortex. These chromaffin cells co-express α7(G), TH and DBH, but they lack phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) consistent with only norepinephrine (NE) synthesis. These cell groups appear to be preferentially innervated by pre-ganglionic afferents identified by the neurotrophin receptor p75. No afferents identified by beta-III tubulin, neurofilament proteins or p75 co-expressed α7(G). Occasional α7(G) cells in the pre-E14.5 embryos express neuronal markers consistent with intrinsic ganglion cells and in the adult some α7(G) cells co-express glutamic acid decarboxylase. The transient expression of α7 during adrenal gland development and its prominent co-expression by a subset of NE chromaffin cells in the adult suggests that the α7 receptor contributes to multiple aspects of adrenal gland development and function that persist into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorise C. Gahring
- Salt Lake City VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Myers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Sierra Palumbos
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Scott W. Rogers
- Salt Lake City VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
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Crocin suppresses LPS-stimulated expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase by upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 via calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 4. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:728709. [PMID: 24839356 PMCID: PMC4009253 DOI: 10.1155/2014/728709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Crocin is a water-soluble carotenoid pigment that is primarily used in various cuisines as a seasoning and coloring agent, as well as in traditional medicines for the treatment of edema, fever, and hepatic disorder. In this study, we demonstrated that crocin markedly induces the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) which leads to an anti-inflammatory response. Crocin inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and nitric oxide production via downregulation of nuclear factor kappa B activity in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. These effects were abrogated by blocking of HO-1 expression or activity. Crocin also induced Ca2+ mobilization from intracellular pools and phosphorylation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 4 (CAMK4). CAMK4 knockdown and kinase-dead mutant inhibited crocin-mediated HO-1 expression, Nrf2 activation, and phosphorylation of Akt, indicating that HO-1 expression is mediated by CAMK4 and that Akt is a downstream mediator of CAMK4 in crocin signaling. Moreover, crocin-mediated suppression of iNOS expression was blocked by CAMK4 inhibition. Overall, these results suggest that crocin suppresses LPS-stimulated expression of iNOS by inducing HO-1 expression via Ca2+/calmodulin-CAMK4-PI3K/Akt-Nrf2 signaling cascades. Our findings provide a novel molecular mechanism for the inhibitory effects of crocin against endotoxin-mediated inflammation.
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HO-1 induction by CO-RM2 attenuates TNF-α-induced cytosolic phospholipase A2 expression via inhibition of PKCα-dependent NADPH oxidase/ROS and NF-κB. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:279171. [PMID: 24616552 PMCID: PMC3927740 DOI: 10.1155/2014/279171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by chronic inflammatory infiltration of the synovium and elevation of proinflammatory cytokines. Cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) is involved in the development of inflammatory diseases. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties. The objective of the study was to investigate the detailed mechanisms of TNF-α-induced cPLA2 expression and to determine whether carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 (CO-RM2) suppresses TNF-α-induced expression of NF-κB-related proinflammatory genes, including cPLA2, via HO-1 induction in RA synovial fibroblasts (RASFs). Here, we reported that TNF-α-induced cPLA2 expression was mediated through TNFR1/PKCα-dependent signaling pathways, including NADPH oxidase (NOX) activation/ROS production and NF-κB activation. CO-RM2 significantly suppressed TNF-α-induced cPLA2 expression by inhibiting the ROS generation and the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and IKKα/β, but not the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and JNK1/2. These results were further confirmed by a ChIP assay to detect the NF-κB DNA-binding activity. Our results demonstrated that induction of HO-1 by CO-RM2 exerted anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects which were required in concert to prevent the activation of NF-κB leading to induction of various inflammatory genes implicated in the pathogenesis of RA.
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