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Sinha S, Dhankani P, Nahiyera M, Singh KB, Singh D, Mugale MN, Sharma S, Kumaravelu J, Dikshit M, Kumar S. iNOS regulates hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells via mitochondrial signaling and is critical for bone marrow regeneration. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 219:184-194. [PMID: 38636716 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.04.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) replenish blood cells under steady state and on demand, that exhibit therapeutic potential for Bone marrow failures and leukemia. Redox signaling plays key role in immune cells and hematopoiesis. However, the role of reactive nitrogen species in hematopoiesis remains unclear and requires further investigation. We investigated the significance of inducible nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide (iNOS/NO) signaling in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and hematopoiesis under steady-state and stress conditions. HSCs contain low levels of NO and iNOS under normal conditions, but these increase upon bone marrow stress. iNOS-deficient mice showed subtle changes in peripheral blood cells but significant alterations in HSPCs, including increased HSCs and multipotent progenitors. Surprisingly, iNOS-deficient mice displayed heightened susceptibility and delayed recovery of blood progeny following 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) induced hematopoietic stress. Loss of quiescence and increased mitochondrial stress, indicated by elevated MitoSOX and MMPhi HSCs, were observed in iNOS-deficient mice. Furthermore, pharmacological approaches to mitigate mitochondrial stress rescued 5-FU-induced HSC death. Conversely, iNOS-NO signaling was required for demand-driven mitochondrial activity and proliferation during hematopoietic recovery, as iNOS-deficient mice and NO signaling inhibitors exhibit reduced mitochondrial activity. In conclusion, our study challenges the conventional view of iNOS-derived NO as a cytotoxic molecule and highlights its intriguing role in HSPCs. Together, our findings provide insights into the crucial role of the iNOS-NO-mitochondrial axis in regulating HSPCs and hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Sinha
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad - 201002, India
| | - Priyanka Dhankani
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Milind Nahiyera
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad - 201002, India
| | - Krishna Bhan Singh
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad - 201002, India
| | - Divya Singh
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad - 201002, India
| | - Madhav Nilakanth Mugale
- Toxicology and Experimental Medicine Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad - 201002, India
| | - Sharad Sharma
- Toxicology and Experimental Medicine Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad - 201002, India
| | - Jagavelu Kumaravelu
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad - 201002, India
| | - Madhu Dikshit
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad - 201002, India.
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2
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Kumar S, Dikshit M. Nitric Oxide: Regulation and Function in Neutrophil Immune Responses. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024; 40:998-1024. [PMID: 38251644 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Kumar
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Postal Staff College Area, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Madhu Dikshit
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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Prabhakara KS, Ganapathy K, Islam KN, Thyagarajan HM, Tiwari KK, Parimi RL, Rashid MB. Uncovering Novel Protein Partners of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Human Testis. Biomolecules 2024; 14:388. [PMID: 38672406 PMCID: PMC11048102 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Peroxidative damage to human spermatozoa has been shown to be the primary cause of male infertility. The possible role of nitric oxide (NO) in affecting sperm motility, capacitation, and acrosome reaction has been reported, too. The overproduction of NO by the enzyme inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) could be responsible as it has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases. There have been many studies on regulating iNOS function in various tissues, especially by protein-protein interaction; however, no study has looked for iNOS-interacting proteins in the human testis. Here, we have reported the identification of two proteins that interact with iNOS. We initially undertook a popular yeast two-hybrid assay to screen a human testis cDNA library in yeast using an iNOS-peptide fragment (amino acids 181-335) as bait. We verified our data using the mammalian chemiluminescent co-IP method; first, employing the same peptide and, then, a full-length protein co-expressed in HEK293 cells in addition to the candidate protein. In both cases, these two protein partners of iNOS were revealed: (a) sperm acrosome-associated 7 protein and (b) retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor binding protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik S. Prabhakara
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, College of Science and Engineering, University of Houston-Clear Lake, 2700 Bay Area Blvd., Houston, TX 77058-1098, USA
| | - Kavya Ganapathy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, College of Science and Engineering, University of Houston-Clear Lake, 2700 Bay Area Blvd., Houston, TX 77058-1098, USA
| | - Kazi N. Islam
- Department of Agricultural Research and Development Program, Central State University, 1400 Brush Row Road, Wilberforce, OH 45384, USA
| | - Hiran M. Thyagarajan
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, College of Science and Engineering, University of Houston-Clear Lake, 2700 Bay Area Blvd., Houston, TX 77058-1098, USA
| | - Kirti K. Tiwari
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, College of Science and Engineering, University of Houston-Clear Lake, 2700 Bay Area Blvd., Houston, TX 77058-1098, USA
| | - Ramya L. Parimi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, College of Science and Engineering, University of Houston-Clear Lake, 2700 Bay Area Blvd., Houston, TX 77058-1098, USA
| | - Mohammad B. Rashid
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, College of Science and Engineering, University of Houston-Clear Lake, 2700 Bay Area Blvd., Houston, TX 77058-1098, USA
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4
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Hosseinzadeh S, Hasanpur K. Whole genome discovery of regulatory genes responsible for the response of chicken to heat stress. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6544. [PMID: 38503864 PMCID: PMC10951342 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56757-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are functional bridges connecting the genome with phenotypes by interacting with DNA, mRNA, and proteins. Using publically available acute heat stress (AHS)-related RNA-seq data, we discovered novel lncRNAs and tested their association with AHS along with ~ 8800 known lncRNAs and ~ 28,000 mRNA transcripts. Our pipeline discovered a total of 145 potentially novel-lncRNAs. One of them (Fishcomb_p-value = 0.06) along with another novel transcript (annotated as protein-coding; Fishcomb_p-value = 0.03) were identified as significantly associated with AHS. We found five known-lncRNAs and 134 mRNAs transcripts that were significantly associated with AHS. Four novel lncRNAs interact cis-regulated with 12 mRNA transcripts and are targeted by 11 miRNAs. Also six meta-lncRNAs associate with 134 meta-mRNAs through trans-acting co-expression, each targeted by 15 and 216 miRNAs, respectively. Three of the known-lncRNAs significantly co-expressed with almost 97 of the significant mRNAs (Pearson correlation p-value < 0.05). We report the mentioned three known-lncRNAs (ENSGALT00000099876, ENSGALT00000107573, and ENSGALT00000106323) as the most, significantly regulatory elements of AHS in chicken. It can be concluded that in order to alleviate the adverse effects of AHS on chicken, the manipulation of the three regulatory lncRNAs could lead to a more desirable result than the manipulation of the most significant mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevda Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Karim Hasanpur
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
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5
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Azarova I, Polonikov A, Klyosova E. Molecular Genetics of Abnormal Redox Homeostasis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054738. [PMID: 36902173 PMCID: PMC10003739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that oxidative stress resulting from an imbalance between the production of free radicals and their neutralization by antioxidant enzymes is one of the major pathological disorders underlying the development and progression of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The present review summarizes the current state of the art advances in understanding the role of abnormal redox homeostasis in the molecular mechanisms of T2D and provides comprehensive information on the characteristics and biological functions of antioxidant and oxidative enzymes, as well as discusses genetic studies conducted so far in order to investigate the contribution of polymorphisms in genes encoding redox state-regulating enzymes to the disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliia Azarova
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolomics, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
| | - Alexey Polonikov
- Laboratory of Statistical Genetics and Bioinformatics, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Elena Klyosova
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolomics, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
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6
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Rizvi ZA, Babele P, Madan U, Sadhu S, Tripathy MR, Goswami S, Mani S, Dikshit M, Awasthi A. Pharmacological potential of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal and Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers on the experimental models of COVID-19, T cell differentiation, and neutrophil functions. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1138215. [PMID: 36960064 PMCID: PMC10028191 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1138215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) due to severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection leads to life-threatening pneumonia which has been associated with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pathologies. Centuries-old Asian traditional medicines such as Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (WS) and Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers (TC) possess potent immunomodulatory effects and were used by the AYUSH ministry, in India during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the present study, we investigated WS and TC's anti-viral and immunomodulatory efficacy at the human equivalent doses using suitable in vitro and in vivo models. While both WS and TC showed immuno-modulatory potential, WS showed robust protection against loss in body weight, viral load, and pulmonary pathology in the hamster model of SARS-CoV2. In vitro pretreatment of mice and human neutrophils with WS and TC had no adverse effect on PMA, calcium ionophore, and TRLM-induced ROS generation, phagocytosis, bactericidal activity, and NETs formation. Interestingly, WS significantly suppressed the pro-inflammatory cytokines-induced Th1, Th2, and Th17 differentiation. We also used hACE2 transgenic mice to further investigate the efficacy of WS against acute SARS-CoV2 infection. Prophylactic treatment of WS in the hACE2 mice model showed significant protection against body weight loss, inflammation, and the lung viral load. The results obtained indicate that WS promoted the immunosuppressive environment in the hamster and hACE2 transgenic mice models and limited the worsening of the disease by reducing inflammation, suggesting that WS might be useful against other acute viral infections. The present study thus provides pre-clinical efficacy data to demonstrate a robust protective effect of WS against COVID-19 through its broader immunomodulatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaigham Abbas Rizvi
- Immuno-biology Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- Immunology-Core Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- *Correspondence: Amit Awasthi, ; Madhu Dikshit, ; ; Zaigham Abbas Rizvi,
| | - Prabhakar Babele
- NCD, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Upasna Madan
- Immuno-biology Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- Immunology-Core Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Srikanth Sadhu
- Immuno-biology Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- Immunology-Core Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Manas Ranjan Tripathy
- Immuno-biology Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- Immunology-Core Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Sandeep Goswami
- Immuno-biology Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- Immunology-Core Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Shailendra Mani
- NCD, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Madhu Dikshit
- NCD, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- *Correspondence: Amit Awasthi, ; Madhu Dikshit, ; ; Zaigham Abbas Rizvi,
| | - Amit Awasthi
- Immuno-biology Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- Immunology-Core Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- *Correspondence: Amit Awasthi, ; Madhu Dikshit, ; ; Zaigham Abbas Rizvi,
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7
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Rizvi ZA, Babele P, Sadhu S, Madan U, Tripathy MR, Goswami S, Mani S, Kumar S, Awasthi A, Dikshit M. Prophylactic treatment of Glycyrrhiza glabra mitigates COVID-19 pathology through inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the hamster model and NETosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:945583. [PMID: 36238303 PMCID: PMC9550929 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.945583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is accompanied by acute respiratory distress syndrome and pulmonary pathology, and is presented mostly with an inflammatory cytokine release, a dysregulated immune response, a skewed neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, and a hypercoagulable state. Though vaccinations have proved effective in reducing the COVID-19-related mortality, the limitation of the use of vaccine against immunocompromised individuals, those with comorbidity, and emerging variants remains a concern. In the current study, we investigate for the first time the efficacy of the Glycyrrhiza glabra (GG) extract, a potent immunomodulator, against SARS-CoV-2 infection in hamsters. Prophylactic treatment with GG showed protection against loss in body weight and a 35%–40% decrease in lung viral load along with reduced lung pathology in the hamster model. Remarkably, GG reduced the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). In vitro, GG acted as a potent immunomodulator by reducing Th2 and Th17 differentiation and IL-4 and IL-17A cytokine production. In addition, GG also showed robust potential to suppress ROS, mtROS, and NET generation in a concentration-dependent manner in both human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and murine bone marrow-derived neutrophils (BMDNs). Taken together, we provide evidence for the protective efficacy of GG against COVID-19 and its putative mechanistic insight through its immunomodulatory properties. Our study provides the proof of concept for GG efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 using a hamster model and opens the path for further studies aimed at identifying the active ingredients of GG and its efficacy in COVID-19 clinical cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaigham Abbas Rizvi
- Immuno-Biology Lab, Infection and Immunology Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- Immunology-Core Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Prabhakar Babele
- Noncommunicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Srikanth Sadhu
- Immuno-Biology Lab, Infection and Immunology Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- Immunology-Core Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Upasna Madan
- Immuno-Biology Lab, Infection and Immunology Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- Immunology-Core Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Manas Ranjan Tripathy
- Immuno-Biology Lab, Infection and Immunology Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- Immunology-Core Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Sandeep Goswami
- Immuno-Biology Lab, Infection and Immunology Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- Immunology-Core Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Shailendra Mani
- Noncommunicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Awasthi
- Immuno-Biology Lab, Infection and Immunology Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- Immunology-Core Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- *Correspondence: Madhu Dikshit, ; ; Amit Awasthi,
| | - Madhu Dikshit
- Noncommunicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, Haryana, India
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- *Correspondence: Madhu Dikshit, ; ; Amit Awasthi,
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8
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The Interplay of Oxidative Stress and ROS Scavenging: Antioxidants as a Therapeutic Potential in Sepsis. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10101575. [PMID: 36298439 PMCID: PMC9609850 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress resulting from the disproportion of oxidants and antioxidants contributes to both physiological and pathological conditions in sepsis. To combat this, the antioxidant defense system comes into the picture, which contributes to limiting the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to the reduction of oxidative stress. However, a strong relationship has been found between scavengers of ROS and antioxidants in preclinical in vitro and in vivo models. ROS is widely believed to cause human pathology most specifically in sepsis, where a small increase in ROS levels activates signaling pathways to initiate biological processes. An inclusive understanding of the effects of ROS scavenging in cellular antioxidant signaling is essentially lacking in sepsis. This review compiles the mechanisms of ROS scavenging as well as oxidative damage in sepsis, as well as antioxidants as a potent therapeutic. Direct interaction between ROS and cellular pathways greatly affects sepsis, but such interaction does not provide the explanation behind diverse biological outcomes. Animal models of sepsis and a number of clinical trials with septic patients exploring the efficiency of antioxidants in sepsis are reviewed. In line with this, both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were effective, and results from recent studies are promising. The usage of these potent antioxidants in sepsis patients would greatly impact the field of medicine.
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9
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Alves GF, Aimaretti E, Einaudi G, Mastrocola R, de Oliveira JG, Collotta D, Porchietto E, Aragno M, Cifani C, Sordi R, Thiemermann C, Fernandes D, Collino M. Pharmacological Inhibition of FAK-Pyk2 Pathway Protects Against Organ Damage and Prolongs the Survival of Septic Mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:837180. [PMID: 35178052 PMCID: PMC8843946 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.837180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis and septic shock are associated with high mortality and are considered one of the major public health concerns. The onset of sepsis is known as a hyper-inflammatory state that contributes to organ failure and mortality. Recent findings suggest a potential role of two non-receptor protein tyrosine kinases, namely Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2), in the inflammation associated with endometriosis, cancer, atherosclerosis and asthma. Here we investigate the role of FAK-Pyk2 in the pathogenesis of sepsis and the potential beneficial effects of the pharmacological modulation of this pathway by administering the potent reversible dual inhibitor of FAK and Pyk2, PF562271 (PF271) in a murine model of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis. Five-month-old male C57BL/6 mice underwent CLP or Sham surgery and one hour after the surgical procedure, mice were randomly assigned to receive PF271 (25 mg/kg, s.c.) or vehicle. Twenty-four hours after surgery, organs and plasma were collected for analyses. In another group of mice, survival rate was assessed every 12 h over the subsequent 5 days. Experimental sepsis led to a systemic cytokine storm resulting in the formation of excessive amounts of both pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-17 and IL-6) and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. The systemic inflammatory response was accompanied by high plasma levels of ALT, AST (liver injury), creatinine, (renal dysfunction) and lactate, as well as a high, clinical severity score. All parameters were attenuated following PF271 administration. Experimental sepsis induced an overactivation of FAK and Pyk2 in liver and kidney, which was associated to p38 MAPK activation, leading to increased expression/activation of several pro-inflammatory markers, including the NLRP3 inflammasome complex, the adhesion molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin and the enzyme NOS-2 and myeloperoxidase. Treatment with PF271 inhibited FAK-Pyk2 activation, thus blunting the inflammatory abnormalities orchestrated by sepsis. Finally, PF271 significantly prolonged the survival of mice subjected to CLP-sepsis. Taken together, our data show for the first time that the FAK-Pyk2 pathway contributes to sepsis-induced inflammation and organ injury/dysfunction and that the pharmacological modulation of this pathway may represents a new strategy for the treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Ferreira Alves
- Department of Neurosciences (Rita Levi Montalcini), University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Eleonora Aimaretti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giacomo Einaudi
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Raffaella Mastrocola
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Debora Collotta
- Department of Neurosciences (Rita Levi Montalcini), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisa Porchietto
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Manuela Aragno
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Carlo Cifani
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Regina Sordi
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Christoph Thiemermann
- William Harvey Research Institute, Bart's and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Fernandes
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Massimo Collino
- Department of Neurosciences (Rita Levi Montalcini), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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10
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Ghosh N, Das A, Biswas N, Mahajan SP, Madeshiya AK, Khanna S, Sen CK, Roy S. MYO-Inositol In Fermented Sugar Matrix Improves Human Macrophage Function. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2100852. [PMID: 35073444 PMCID: PMC9420542 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Reactive oxygen species production by innate immune cells plays a central role in host defense against invading pathogens at wound-site. A weakened hos-defense results in persistent infection leading to wound chronicity. Fermented Papaya Preparation (FPP), a complex sugar matrix, bolstered respiratory burst activity and improved wound healing outcomes in chronic wound patients. The objective of the current study was to identify underlying molecular factor/s responsible for augmenting macrophage host defense mechanisms following FPP supplementation. METHODS AND RESULTS In depth LC-MS/MS analysis of cells supplemented with FPP led to identification of myo-inositol as a key determinant of FPP activity towards improving macrophage function. Myo-inositol, in quantities that is present in FPP, significantly improved macrophage respiratory burst and phagocytosis via de novo synthesis pathway of ISYNA1. Additionally, myo-inositol transporters, HMIT and SMIT1, played a significant role in such activity. Blocking these pathways using siRNA attenuated FPP-induced improved macrophage host defense activities. FPP supplementation emerges as a novel approach to increase intracellular myo-inositol levels. Such supplementation also modified wound microenvironment in chronic wound patients to augment myo-inositol levels in wound fluid. CONCLUSION These observations indicate that myo-inositol in FPP influences multiple aspects of macrophage function critical for host defense against invading pathogens. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Ghosh
- Department of Surgery, IU Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202
| | - Amitava Das
- Department of Surgery, IU Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202
| | - Nirupam Biswas
- Department of Surgery, IU Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202
| | - Sanskruti P Mahajan
- Department of Surgery, IU Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202
| | - Amit K Madeshiya
- Department of Surgery, IU Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202
| | - Savita Khanna
- Department of Surgery, IU Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202
| | - Chandan K Sen
- Department of Surgery, IU Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202
| | - Sashwati Roy
- Department of Surgery, IU Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202
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11
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Somani A, Singh AK, Gupta B, Nagarkoti S, Dalal PK, Dikshit M. Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress in Major Depressive Disorder: A Case Control Study. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12020144. [PMID: 35203908 PMCID: PMC8870258 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12020144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The role of increased oxidative stress and alterations to the nitric oxide (NO) pathway have been implicated in major depressive disorder (MDD). The two pathways interact closely with each other but have not been studied simultaneously in MDD. This study aimed to assess and compare the levels of oxidative and nitrosative stress in the neutrophils (PMNs) of drug-naive MDD patients and their first-degree relatives. Methods: 29 drug-naive MDD patients and 27 healthy first-degree relatives and healthy controls aged 18–45 years were included in this study. An assessment of the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitrites, neuronal NO synthase (nNOS), and myeloperoxidase in PMNs, and cortisol in serum was carried out. Results: Compared to healthy controls, the generation of free radicals, myeloperoxidase activity, and nNOS mRNA expression in PMNs, and cortisol level in serum were significantly higher in drug-naive depression patients. Indeed, increased levels of myeloperoxidase and serum cortisol were also noted in first-degree relatives. The total nitrite content in the PMNs and plasma however was significantly lower in both patients and first-degree relatives. Interestingly, a positive correlation was established in the ROS levels in the PMNs, plasma and neutrophil nitrite, and the serum cortisol level between MDD patients and their first-degree relatives. Conclusion: The results of this study contribute towards a better understanding of the familial association of depressive disorder, and demonstrate for the first time that neutrophil ROS/RNS, plasma nitrite, and serum cortisol levels are positively correlated between MDD patients and their first-degree relatives. However, further studies in larger, more diverse samples are needed to extend these pathways as potential biomarkers to identify persons at high risk for psychopathology at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Somani
- Department of Psychiatry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow 226003, India; (A.S.); (B.G.); (P.K.D.)
| | - Abhishek Kumar Singh
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; (A.K.S.); (S.N.)
| | - Bandna Gupta
- Department of Psychiatry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow 226003, India; (A.S.); (B.G.); (P.K.D.)
| | - Sheela Nagarkoti
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; (A.K.S.); (S.N.)
| | - Pronob Kumar Dalal
- Department of Psychiatry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow 226003, India; (A.S.); (B.G.); (P.K.D.)
| | - Madhu Dikshit
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; (A.K.S.); (S.N.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Mihaila AC, Ciortan L, Macarie RD, Vadana M, Cecoltan S, Preda MB, Hudita A, Gan AM, Jakobsson G, Tucureanu MM, Barbu E, Balanescu S, Simionescu M, Schiopu A, Butoi E. Transcriptional Profiling and Functional Analysis of N1/N2 Neutrophils Reveal an Immunomodulatory Effect of S100A9-Blockade on the Pro-Inflammatory N1 Subpopulation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:708770. [PMID: 34447377 PMCID: PMC8384118 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.708770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils have been classically viewed as a homogenous population. Recently, neutrophils were phenotypically classified into pro-inflammatory N1 and anti-inflammatory N2 sub-populations, but the functional differences between the two subtypes are not completely understood. We aimed to investigate the phenotypic and functional differences between N1 and N2 neutrophils, and to identify the potential contribution of the S100A9 alarmin in neutrophil polarization. We describe distinct transcriptomic profiles and functional differences between N1 and N2 neutrophils. Compared to N2, the N1 neutrophils exhibited: i) higher levels of ROS and oxidative burst, ii) increased activity of MPO and MMP-9, and iii) enhanced chemotactic response. N1 neutrophils were also characterized by elevated expression of NADPH oxidase subunits, as well as activation of the signaling molecules ERK and the p65 subunit of NF-kB. Moreover, we found that the S100A9 alarmin promotes the chemotactic and enzymatic activity of N1 neutrophils. S100A9 inhibition with a specific small-molecule blocker, reduced CCL2, CCL3 and CCL5 chemokine expression and decreased MPO and MMP-9 activity, by interfering with the NF-kB signaling pathway. Together, these findings reveal that N1 neutrophils are pro-inflammatory effectors of the innate immune response. Pharmacological blockade of S100A9 dampens the function of the pro-inflammatory N1 phenotype, promoting the alarmin as a novel target for therapeutic intervention in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea C Mihaila
- Biopathology and Therapy of Inflammation, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Letitia Ciortan
- Biopathology and Therapy of Inflammation, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Razvan D Macarie
- Biopathology and Therapy of Inflammation, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Vadana
- Biopathology and Therapy of Inflammation, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sergiu Cecoltan
- Biopathology and Therapy of Inflammation, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Bogdan Preda
- Biopathology and Therapy of Inflammation, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ariana Hudita
- Biopathology and Therapy of Inflammation, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Gan
- Biopathology and Therapy of Inflammation, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriel Jakobsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Monica M Tucureanu
- Biopathology and Therapy of Inflammation, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Barbu
- Departament of Cardiology, Elias Emergency Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Serban Balanescu
- Departament of Cardiology, Elias Emergency Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maya Simionescu
- Biopathology and Therapy of Inflammation, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Schiopu
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Pathophysiology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu-Mures, Targu-Mures, Romania
| | - Elena Butoi
- Biopathology and Therapy of Inflammation, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", Bucharest, Romania
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13
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Sadaf S, Nagarkoti S, Awasthi D, Singh AK, Srivastava RN, Kumar S, Barthwal MK, Dikshit M. nNOS induction and NOSIP interaction impact granulopoiesis and neutrophil differentiation by modulating nitric oxide generation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119018. [PMID: 33771575 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), a versatile free radical and a signalling molecule, plays an important role in the haematopoiesis, inflammation and infection. Impaired proliferation and differentiation of myeloid cells lead to malignancies and Hematopoietic deficiencies. This study was aimed to define the role of nNOS derived NO in neutrophil differentiation (in-vitro) and granulopoiesis (in-vivo) using multipronged approaches. The results obtained from nNOS over-expressing K562 cells revealed induction in C/EBPα derived neutrophil differentiation as evident by an increase in the expression of neutrophil specific cell surface markers, genes, transcription factors and functionality. nNOS mediated response also involved G-CSFR-STAT-3 axis during differentiation. Consistent increase in NO generation was observed during neutrophil differentiation of mice and human CD34+ HSPCs. Furthermore, granulopoiesis was abrogated in the nNOS inhibitor treated mice, depicting a decrease in the numbers of BM mature and progenitor neutrophils. Likewise, in vitro inhibition of nNOS in human CD34+ HSPCs indicated an indispensable role of nNOS in neutrophil differentiation. Expression of nNOS inhibitory protein, NOSIP was significantly and consistently decreased during the final stage of differentiation and was linked with the augmentation in NO release. Moreover, neutrophils from CML patients had more NOSIP and less NO generation as compared to the PMNs from healthy individuals. The present study thus indicates a critical role of nNOS, and its interaction with NOSIP during neutrophil differentiation. The study also highlights the importance of nNOS in the neutrophil progenitor proliferation and differentiation warranting investigations to assess its role in the haematopoiesis-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samreen Sadaf
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Sheela Nagarkoti
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Deepika Awasthi
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | | | | | - Sachin Kumar
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Madhu Dikshit
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India; Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad - Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India.
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14
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Singh AK, Awasthi D, Dubey M, Nagarkoti S, Chandra T, Barthwal MK, Tripathi AK, Dikshit M. Expression of inducible NOS is indispensable for the antiproliferative and proapoptotic effect of imatinib in BCR-ABL positive cells. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 110:853-866. [PMID: 33527482 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1a0820-514r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is characterized by constitutive BCR-ABL kinase activity, an aggressive proliferation of immature cells, and reduced differentiation. Targeting tyrosine kinase activity of BCR-ABL with imatinib is an effective therapy for the newly diagnosed CML patients; however, 20%-30% of the patients initially treated with imatinib eventually experience treatment failure. Therefore, early identification of these patients is of high clinical relevance. In the present study, we by undertaking a direct comparison of inducible NOS (iNOS) status in neutrophils from healthy volunteers, newly diagnosed, imatinib responder, and resistant CML patients as well as by conducting in vitro studies in K562 cells demonstrated that inhibition of BCR-ABL by imatinib or siRNA significantly enhanced NO generation and iNOS expression. Indeed, patients exhibiting treatment failure or imatinib resistance were less likely to induce NO generation/iNOS expression. Our findings further demonstrated that imatinib mediated antiproliferative and proapoptotic effect in BCR-ABL+ cells associated with enhanced iNOS expression, and it was significantly prevented in the presence of L-NAME, 1400W, or iNOS siRNA. Overexpression of iNOS in K562 cells expectedly enhanced imatinib sensitivity on cytostasis and apoptosis, even at lower concentration (0.1 μM) of imatinib. Mechanistically, imatinib or BCR-ABL siRNA following deglutathionylation of NF-κB, enhanced its binding to iNOS promoter and induced iNOS transcription. Deglutathionylation of procaspase-3 however associated with increased caspase-3 activity and cell apoptosis. Taken together, results obtained suggest that monitoring NO/iNOS level could be useful to identify patients likely to be responsive or resistant to imatinib and can be used to personalized alternative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deepika Awasthi
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Megha Dubey
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Sheela Nagarkoti
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Tulika Chandra
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Anil Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Madhu Dikshit
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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15
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Kumar S, Gupta E, Gupta N, Kaushik S, Srivastava VK, Kumar S, Mehta S, Jyoti A. Functional role of iNOS-Rac2 interaction in neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) induced cytotoxicity in sepsis. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 513:43-49. [PMID: 33309799 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent reports from this lab have demonstrated a higher incidence of NETs, nitrosative, as well as oxidative stress, and have a direct correlation with the severity of sepsis and organ damage. However, the mechanistic perspective of NETs induced organ damage has not been understood at the cellular and molecular level. Interaction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) with Rac2 in regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) generation and its implications in microbial killing has been reported. This study was, therefore, undertaken in neutrophils of sepsis patients to investigate the functional importance of iNOS-Rac2 interaction in ROS/ RNS, peroxynitrite generation, NETs generation, and NETs mediated cell death. METHODS The study was conducted on 100 patients with sepsis and 50 healthy volunteers. Interaction between iNOS and Rac2 was performed using co-immunoprecipitation and co-immunolabeling assay. Free radicals involving ROS and RNS were evaluated using cytochrome c reduction assay. NETs formation was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. The cytotoxic effect of NETs was assessed on lung carcinoma cell line (A549) using colorimetric Alamar blue assay. RESULTS Enhanced interaction between iNOS and Rac2 was found in sepsis neutrophils in comparison with control. This was accompanied by an increased level of superoxide (O2.-), nitric oxide (NO), and peroxynitrite (ONOO-) which were decreased in the presence of NAC, DPI, and 1400 W, signifying the role of iNOS-Rac2 interaction. Enhanced NETs release from activated sepsis neutrophils were abrogated in the presence of DPI. NETs from sepsis neutrophils exert a cytotoxic effect on lung epithelial cells (A549) in a concentration-dependent manner. CONCLUSION Our findings exhibit the functional role of iNOS-Rac2 interaction in ROS/RNS, peroxynitrite generation, NETs generation, and NETs mediated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Amity Education Valley, Kant Kalwar, NH-11C, Jaipur-Delhi Highway, Jaipur, India
| | - E Gupta
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Amity Education Valley, Kant Kalwar, NH-11C, Jaipur-Delhi Highway, Jaipur, India
| | - N Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, IIS (deemed to be University), Gurukul Marg, SFS, Mansarovar, Jaipur, India
| | - S Kaushik
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Amity Education Valley, Kant Kalwar, NH-11C, Jaipur-Delhi Highway, Jaipur, India
| | - V K Srivastava
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Amity Education Valley, Kant Kalwar, NH-11C, Jaipur-Delhi Highway, Jaipur, India
| | - S Kumar
- Amity School of Architecture and Planning, Amity University Rajasthan, Amity Education Valley, Kant Kalwar, NH-11C, Jaipur-Delhi Highway, Jaipur, India
| | - S Mehta
- Department of Medicine, SMS Medical College & Attached Hospitals, J.L.N. Marg, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - A Jyoti
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Amity Education Valley, Kant Kalwar, NH-11C, Jaipur-Delhi Highway, Jaipur, India.
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16
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Mehling R, Schwenck J, Lemberg C, Trautwein C, Zizmare L, Kramer D, Müller A, Fehrenbacher B, Gonzalez-Menendez I, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Schröder K, Brandes RP, Schaller M, Ruf W, Eichner M, Ghoreschi K, Röcken M, Pichler BJ, Kneilling M. Immunomodulatory role of reactive oxygen species and nitrogen species during T cell-driven neutrophil-enriched acute and chronic cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions. Theranostics 2021; 11:470-490. [PMID: 33391487 PMCID: PMC7738859 DOI: 10.7150/thno.51462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are important regulators of inflammation. The exact impact of ROS/RNS on cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction (DTHR) is controversial. The aim of our study was to identify the dominant sources of ROS/RNS during acute and chronic trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB)-induced cutaneous DTHR in mice with differently impaired ROS/RNS production. Methods: TNCB-sensitized wild-type, NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2)- deficient (gp91phox-/-), myeloperoxidase-deficient (MPO-/-), and inducible nitric oxide synthase-deficient (iNOS-/-) mice were challenged with TNCB on the right ear once to elicit acute DTHR and repetitively up to five times to induce chronic DTHR. We measured ear swelling responses and noninvasively assessed ROS/RNS production in vivo by employing the chemiluminescence optical imaging (OI) probe L-012. Additionally, we conducted extensive ex vivo analyses of inflamed ears focusing on ROS/RNS production and the biochemical and morphological consequences. Results: The in vivo L-012 OI of acute and chronic DTHR revealed completely abrogated ROS/RNS production in the ears of gp91phox-/- mice, up to 90 % decreased ROS/RNS production in the ears of MPO-/- mice and unaffected ROS/RNS production in the ears of iNOS-/- mice. The DHR flow cytometry analysis of leukocytes derived from the ears with acute DTHR confirmed our in vivo L-012 OI results. Nevertheless, we observed no significant differences in the ear swelling responses among all the experimental groups. The histopathological analysis of the ears of gp91phox-/- mice with acute DTHRs revealed slightly enhanced inflammation. In contrast, we observed a moderately reduced inflammatory immune response in the ears of gp91phox-/- mice with chronic DTHR, while the inflamed ears of MPO-/- mice exhibited the strongest inflammation. Analyses of lipid peroxidation, 8-hydroxy-2'deoxyguanosine levels, redox related metabolites and genomic expression of antioxidant proteins revealed similar oxidative stress in all experimental groups. Furthermore, inflamed ears of wild-type and gp91phox-/- mice displayed neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation exclusively in acute but not chronic DTHR. Conclusions: MPO and NOX2 are the dominant sources of ROS/RNS in acute and chronic DTHR. Nevertheless, depletion of one primary source of ROS/RNS exhibited only marginal but conflicting impact on acute and chronic cutaneous DTHR. Thus, ROS/RNS are not a single entity, and each species has different properties at certain stages of the disease, resulting in different outcomes.
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17
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Fløyel T, Mirza AH, Kaur S, Frørup C, Yarani R, Størling J, Pociot F. The Rac2 GTPase contributes to cathepsin H-mediated protection against cytokine-induced apoptosis in insulin-secreting cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 518:110993. [PMID: 32814070 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The type 1 diabetes (T1D) risk locus on chromosome 15q25.1 harbors the candidate gene CTSH (cathepsin H). We previously demonstrated that CTSH regulates β-cell function in vitro and in vivo. CTSH overexpression protected insulin-secreting INS-1 cells against cytokine-induced apoptosis. The purpose of the present study was to identify the genes through which CTSH mediates its protective effects. Microarray analysis identified 63 annotated genes differentially expressed between CTSH-overexpressing INS-1 cells and control cells treated with interleukin-1β and interferon-γ for up to 16h. Permutation test identified 10 significant genes across all time-points: Elmod1, Fam49a, Gas7, Gna15, Msrb3, Nox1, Ptgs1, Rac2, Scn7a and Ttn. Pathway analysis identified the "Inflammation mediated by chemokine and cytokine signaling pathway" with Gna15, Ptgs1 and Rac2 as significant. Knockdown of Rac2 abolished the protective effect of CTSH overexpression on cytokine-induced apoptosis, suggesting that the small GTPase and T1D candidate gene Rac2 contributes to the anti-apoptotic effect of CTSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Fløyel
- Translational Type 1 Diabetes Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Niels Steensens Vej 2, DK-2820, Gentofte, Denmark.
| | - Aashiq Hussain Mirza
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, Box 125, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Simranjeet Kaur
- Translational Type 1 Diabetes Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Niels Steensens Vej 2, DK-2820, Gentofte, Denmark.
| | - Caroline Frørup
- Translational Type 1 Diabetes Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Niels Steensens Vej 2, DK-2820, Gentofte, Denmark.
| | - Reza Yarani
- Translational Type 1 Diabetes Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Niels Steensens Vej 2, DK-2820, Gentofte, Denmark.
| | - Joachim Størling
- Translational Type 1 Diabetes Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Niels Steensens Vej 2, DK-2820, Gentofte, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Flemming Pociot
- Translational Type 1 Diabetes Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Niels Steensens Vej 2, DK-2820, Gentofte, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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18
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Peñaloza HF, Ahn D, Schultz BM, Piña-Iturbe A, González LA, Bueno SM. L-Arginine Enhances Intracellular Killing of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 by Murine Neutrophils. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:571771. [PMID: 33282749 PMCID: PMC7691228 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.571771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 (CRKP-ST258) are a global concern due to their rapid dissemination, high lethality, antibiotic resistance and resistance to components of the immune response, such as neutrophils. Neutrophils are major host mediators, able to kill well-studied and antibiotic-sensitive laboratory reference strains of K. pneumoniae. However, CRKP-ST258 are able to evade neutrophil phagocytic killing, persisting longer in the host despite robust neutrophil recruitment. Here, we show that neutrophils are unable to clear a CRKP-ST258 isolate (KP35). Compared to the response elicited by a prototypic K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816 (KPPR1), the neutrophil intracellular response against KP35 is characterized by equivalent production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and myeloperoxidase content, but impaired phagosomal acidification. Our results ruled out that this phenomenon is due to a phagocytosis defect, as we observed similar efficiency of phagocytosis by neutrophils infected with KP35 or KPPR1. Genomic analysis of the cps loci of KPPR1 and KP35 suggest that the capsule composition of KP35 explain the high phagocytosis efficiency by neutrophils. Consistent with other reports, we show that KP35 did not induce DNA release by neutrophils and KPPR1 only induced it at 3 h, when most of the bacteria have already been cleared. l-arginine metabolism has been identified as an important modulator of the host immune response and positively regulate T cells, macrophages and neutrophils in response to microbes. Our data show that l-arginine supplementation improved phagosome acidification, increased ROS production and enhanced nitric oxide consumption by neutrophils in response to KP35. The enhanced intracellular response observed after l-arginine supplementation ultimately improved KP35 clearance in vitro. KP35 was able to dysregulate the intracellular microbicidal machinery of neutrophils to survive in the intracellular environment. This process, however, can be reversed after l-arginine supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán F Peñaloza
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Danielle Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Bárbara M Schultz
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Piña-Iturbe
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Liliana A González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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19
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Zheng J, Zhu L, Iok In I, Chen Y, Jia N, Zhu W. RETRACTED: Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells-secreted exosomal microRNA-192-5p delays inflammatory response in rheumatoid arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 78:105985. [PMID: 31776092 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. Concern was raised about the reliability of the Western blot results in Figures 2D, 3E and 4E, which appear to have a similar phenotype as contained in many other publications, detailed here: https://pubpeer.com/publications/7C4BCEFA1DB0FE34826962595A5C9C; and here: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1r0MyIYpagBc58BRF9c3luWNlCX8VUvUuPyYYXzxWvgY/edit#gid=262337249. Although no Western blot duplications were identified within this article, when this article was compared with ‘Jin, Ren & Qi (2020)’™, mentioned in the PubPeer thread, two suspected image duplications were identified within Figure 5B. We confirmed that the histological sections represent different treatment groups from different papers as discussed in the PubPeer thread. The journal requested the corresponding author comment on these concerns and provide the raw data. The authors did not respond to this request and therefore the Editor-in-Chief decided to retract the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, PR China
| | - Lijuan Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, PR China
| | - Iong Iok In
- Department of Rheumatology, Kiang Wu Hospital, Macao 999078, PR China
| | - Yilan Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, PR China
| | - Ning Jia
- Department of Rheumatology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, PR China.
| | - Weiping Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, PR China.
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Cinelli MA, Do HT, Miley GP, Silverman RB. Inducible nitric oxide synthase: Regulation, structure, and inhibition. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:158-189. [PMID: 31192483 PMCID: PMC6908786 DOI: 10.1002/med.21599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A considerable number of human diseases have an inflammatory component, and a key mediator of immune activation and inflammation is inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which produces nitric oxide (NO) from l-arginine. Overexpressed or dysregulated iNOS has been implicated in numerous pathologies including sepsis, cancer, neurodegeneration, and various types of pain. Extensive knowledge has been accumulated about the roles iNOS plays in different tissues and organs. Additionally, X-ray crystal and cryogenic electron microscopy structures have shed new insights on the structure and regulation of this enzyme. Many potent iNOS inhibitors with high selectivity over related NOS isoforms, neuronal NOS, and endothelial NOS, have been discovered, and these drugs have shown promise in animal models of endotoxemia, inflammatory and neuropathic pain, arthritis, and other disorders. A major issue in iNOS inhibitor development is that promising results in animal studies have not translated to humans; there are no iNOS inhibitors approved for human use. In addition to assay limitations, both the dual modalities of iNOS and NO in disease states (ie, protective vs harmful effects) and the different roles and localizations of NOS isoforms create challenges for therapeutic intervention. This review summarizes the structure, function, and regulation of iNOS, with focus on the development of iNOS inhibitors (historical and recent). A better understanding of iNOS' complex functions is necessary before specific drug candidates can be identified for classical indications such as sepsis, heart failure, and pain; however, newer promising indications for iNOS inhibition, such as depression, neurodegenerative disorders, and epilepsy, have been discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maris A. Cinelli
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
- Current address: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Ha T. Do
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
- Current address: Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Galen P. Miley
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Richard B. Silverman
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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21
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Sadaf S, Awasthi D, Singh AK, Nagarkoti S, Kumar S, Barthwal MK, Dikshit M. Pyroptotic and apoptotic cell death in iNOS and nNOS overexpressing K562 cells: A mechanistic insight. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 176:113779. [PMID: 31881190 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies from this lab and others have demonstrated that nitric oxide (NO) in a concentration dependent manner, modulated neutrophil and leukemic cell survival. Subsequent studies delineated importance of iNOS in neutrophil differentiation and leukemic cell death. On the contrary, role of nNOS in survival of these cells remains least understood. Present study was therefore undertaken to assess and compare the role of iNOS and nNOS in the survival of NOS overexpressing myelocytic K562 cells. Cells with almost similar iNOS and nNOS activities displayed comparable cell cycle perturbation, Annexin V positivity, mitochondrial dysfunction, augmented DCF fluorescence, and also attenuated expression of antioxidants. Moreover, induction in cell death was also accompanied by the activation of pJNK/p38MAPK/Erk1/2 and reduction in PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling. Treatment of NOS isoform overexpressing K562 cells with NAC, a potent free radical scavenger prevented cell death and also the modulations in the signaling proteins. In addition, enhanced expression of CASP1 and CASP4 genes, along with increased Caspase-1 cleavage and increased IL-1β release were significantly more in K562iNOS cells, which indicate priming of these cells for pyroptotic cell death. On the other hand, K562nNOS cells, displayed much enhanced CASP3 gene expression, Caspase-3 cleavage and Caspase-3 activity. Results obtained indicate that similar level of iNOS or nNOS activation in K562 cells, preferred pyroptotic and apoptotic cell death respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samreen Sadaf
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Deepika Awasthi
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Sheela Nagarkoti
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Madhu Dikshit
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.
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22
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Kanashiro A, Hiroki CH, da Fonseca DM, Birbrair A, Ferreira RG, Bassi GS, Fonseca MD, Kusuda R, Cebinelli GCM, da Silva KP, Wanderley CW, Menezes GB, Alves-Fiho JC, Oliveira AG, Cunha TM, Pupo AS, Ulloa L, Cunha FQ. The role of neutrophils in neuro-immune modulation. Pharmacol Res 2019; 151:104580. [PMID: 31786317 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are peripheral immune cells that represent the first recruited innate immune defense against infections and tissue injury. However, these cells can also induce overzealous responses and cause tissue damage. Although the role of neutrophils activating the immune system is well established, only recently their critical implications in neuro-immune interactions are becoming more relevant. Here, we review several aspects of neutrophils in the bidirectional regulation between the nervous and immune systems. First, the role of neutrophils as a diffuse source of acetylcholine and catecholamines is controversial as well as the effects of these neurotransmitters in neutrophil's functions. Second, neutrophils contribute for the activation and sensitization of sensory neurons, and thereby, in events of nociception and pain. In addition, nociceptor activation promotes an axon reflex triggering a local release of neural mediators and provoking neutrophil activation. Third, the recruitment of neutrophils in inflammatory responses in the nervous system suggests these immune cells as innovative targets in the treatment of central infectious, neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. Multidisciplinary studies involving immunologists and neuroscientists are required to define the role of the neurons-neutrophils communication in the pathophysiology of infectious, inflammatory, and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Kanashiro
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Hiroji Hiroki
- Department of Immunology and Biochemistry, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Denise Morais da Fonseca
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Raphael Gomes Ferreira
- Araguaína Medical School, Federal University of Tocantins, Avenida Paraguai s/n, 77824-838, Araguaína, TO, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Shimizu Bassi
- Center for Perioperative Organ Protection, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Mirian D Fonseca
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Kusuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Katiussia Pinho da Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Wagner Wanderley
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - José Carlos Alves-Fiho
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - André Gustavo Oliveira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - André Sampaio Pupo
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Ulloa
- Center for Perioperative Organ Protection, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | - Fernando Queiroz Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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23
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Vasoreactivity of isolated aortic rings from dyslipidemic and insulin resistant inducible nitric oxide synthase knockout mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 855:90-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Spiller F, Oliveira Formiga R, Fernandes da Silva Coimbra J, Alves-Filho JC, Cunha TM, Cunha FQ. Targeting nitric oxide as a key modulator of sepsis, arthritis and pain. Nitric Oxide 2019; 89:32-40. [PMID: 31051258 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is produced by enzymatic activity of neuronal (nNOS), endothelial (eNOS), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and modulates a broad spectrum of physiological and pathophysiological conditions. The iNOS isoform is positively regulated at transcriptional level and produces high levels of NO in response to inflammatory mediators and/or to pattern recognition receptor signaling, such as Toll-like receptors. In this review, we compiled the main contributions of our group for understanding of the role of NO in sepsis and arthritis outcome and the peripheral contributions of NO to inflammatory pain development. Although neutrophil iNOS-derived NO is necessary for bacterial killing, systemic production of high levels of NO impairs neutrophil migration to infections through inhibiting neutrophil adhesion on microcirculation and their locomotion. Moreover, neutrophil-derived NO contributes to multiple organ dysfunction in sepsis. In arthritis, NO is chief for bacterial clearance in staphylococcal-induced arthritis; however, it contributes to articular damage and bone mass degradation. NO produced in inflammatory sites also downmodulates pain. The mechanism involved in analgesic effect and inhibition of neutrophil migration is dependent on the activation of the classical sGC/cGMP/PKG pathway. Despite the increasing number of studies performed after the identification of NO as an endothelium-derived relaxing factor, the underlying mechanisms of NO in inflammatory diseases remain unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Spiller
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Thiago Mattar Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeiro Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Queiroz Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeiro Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Sadaf S, Singh AK, Awasthi D, Nagarkoti S, Agrahari AK, Srivastava RN, Jagavelu K, Kumar S, Barthwal MK, Dikshit M. Augmentation of iNOS expression in myeloid progenitor cells expedites neutrophil differentiation. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:397-412. [DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1a0918-349rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Samreen Sadaf
- Pharmacology DivisionCSIR‐Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow India
| | | | - Deepika Awasthi
- Pharmacology DivisionCSIR‐Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow India
| | - Sheela Nagarkoti
- Pharmacology DivisionCSIR‐Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow India
| | | | | | | | - Sachin Kumar
- Pharmacology DivisionCSIR‐Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow India
| | | | - Madhu Dikshit
- Pharmacology DivisionCSIR‐Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow India
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Nagarkoti S, Sadaf S, Awasthi D, Chandra T, Jagavelu K, Kumar S, Dikshit M. L-Arginine and tetrahydrobiopterin supported nitric oxide production is crucial for the microbicidal activity of neutrophils. Free Radic Res 2019; 53:281-292. [PMID: 30621514 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1566605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Recent report from this lab has shown role of Rac2 in the translocation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) to the phagosomal compartment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) following phagocytosis of beads. This study was undertaken to further assess the status and role of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), a redox-sensitive cofactor, L-arginine, and the substrate of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in sustained nitric oxide (˙NO) production in killing of phagocytosed microbes (Escherichia coli) by human PMNs. Time-dependent study revealed consistent NO and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the PMNs following phagocytosis of beads. In addition, levels of L-arginine and BH4 were maintained or increased simultaneously to support the enzymatic activity of NOS in the bead activated PMNs. Moreover, translocation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) subunits along with iNOS was reconfirmed in the isolated phagosomes. We demonstrate that increase in the level of NO was supported by L-arginine and BH4 to kill E. coli, by using PMNs from NOS2-/- mice, human PMNs treated with biopterin inhibitor, N-acetyl serotonin (NAS), or by suspending human PMNs in L-arginine deficient medium. Altogether, this study demonstrates that following phagocytosis, sustained. NO production in the PMNs was well-maintained by redox sensitive cofactor, BH4 and substrate, and L-arginine to enable microbial killing. Further results suggest NO production in the human PMNs, along with ROS and myeloperoxidase (MPO) is important to execute antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheela Nagarkoti
- a Pharmacology Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India
| | - Samreen Sadaf
- a Pharmacology Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India
| | - Deepika Awasthi
- a Pharmacology Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India
| | | | - Kumaravelu Jagavelu
- a Pharmacology Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- a Pharmacology Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India
| | - Madhu Dikshit
- c Translational Health Science and Technology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster , Faridabad , India
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Kulinska KI, Billert M, Sawinski K, Czerniak K, Gaca M, Kusza K, Nowak KW, Siemionow M, Billert H. Local anaesthetics upregulate nitric oxide generation in cord blood and adult human neutrophils. Sci Rep 2019; 9:569. [PMID: 30679708 PMCID: PMC6346062 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37090-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) generation by systemic neonatal neutrophils is not clarified. It is also not known whether local anaesthetics (LAs) transferred to the fetal systemic circulation following maternal epidural blockade may affect this process. In the present study, NO generation was evaluated in neutrophils from cord blood (CB, n = 11) and adult blood (n = 10) following exposure to bupivacaine (0.0005, 0.005, 1 mM), lidocaine (0.002, 0.02, 4 mM) and ropivacaine (0.0007, 0.007, 1.4 mM) using flow cytometry, as well as indirectly by determining nitrite concentrations in cell incubation media. To determine the role of NO synthase (NOS) isoforms in NO generation following exposure to LAs, experiments were repeated in the presence of the NOS inhibitors, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and aminoguanidine; in addition, the expression of NOS isoforms was analysed. CB neutrophils produced less NO than adult neutrophils. LAs, especially ropivacaine and lidocaine, stimulated neutrophil NO generation, but in CB neutrophils this effect was negligible at clinically relevant drug concentrations. A mechanism involving NOS activity was responsible for the observed phenomena. In conclusion, LAs are able to upregulate neutrophil NO production, but in neonates this effect is likely to be clinically insignificant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina I Kulinska
- Department of Experimental Anaesthesiology, Chair of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 14, Sw. Marii Magdaleny st., 61-861, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Maria Billert
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 33, Wolynska st., 60-637, Poznan, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Sawinski
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 82/84, Szamarzewskiego st., 60-569, Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Czerniak
- Department of Experimental Anaesthesiology, Chair of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 14, Sw. Marii Magdaleny st., 61-861, Poznan, Poland
| | - Michał Gaca
- Clinics of Anaesthesiology in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chair of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 33, Polna st., 60-101, Poznan, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kusza
- Clinics of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Chair of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49, Przybyszewskiego st., 60-355, Poznan, Poland
| | - Krzysztof W Nowak
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 33, Wolynska st., 60-637, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maria Siemionow
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Orthopaedics MC 944, 900 South Ashland Avenue, 3356 MCBRB, Chicago, Illinois, 60607, USA
| | - Hanna Billert
- Department of Experimental Anaesthesiology, Chair of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 14, Sw. Marii Magdaleny st., 61-861, Poznan, Poland.
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Saini R, Singh S. Inducible nitric oxide synthase: An asset to neutrophils. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 105:49-61. [DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4ru0418-161r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Saini
- Department of ZoologyGargi CollegeUniversity of Delhi Delhi 11049 India
| | - Sarika Singh
- Toxicology & Experimental MedicineCSIR‐Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow 226031 India
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Kanshana JS, Rebello SC, Pathak P, Kanuri BN, Aggarwal H, Srivastava V, Khanna V, Singh V, Jagavelu K, Barthwal MK, Dikshit M. Standardized fraction of Xylocarpus moluccensis fruits improve vascular relaxation and plaque stability in dyslipidemic models of atherosclerosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 213:81-91. [PMID: 29129602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Xylocarpus moluccensis (Lamk.) M. Roem of family Meliaceae has triterpenoids rich fruits. Triterpenoids have been known to possess cardioprotection and anti-atherosclerotic activities (Han and Bakovic, 2015; Wu et al., 2009). Standardized fraction of these fruits exhibited anti-dyslipidemic (Srivastava et al., 2015), anti-inflammatory (Ravangpai et al., 2011) and CNS depressant activity (Sarker et al., 2007). However, there is no report in the literature on its cardiovascular effects. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was undertaken to assess vasoprotective, anti-atherosclerotic and further examine the anti-dyslipidemic effect of the standardized fraction of Xylocarpus moluccensis (F018) fruits in the mechanical injury and high fat diet (HFD) induced dyslipidemic/ atherosclerosis models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Guinea pigs were fed 0.08% cholesterol + 15% fat diet for 3 weeks, while ApoE KO mice were fed high fat diet for 18 weeks to induce dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. A combination of balloon injury and high fat diet (1% cholesterol, 6% peanut oil) for 5 weeks was used to accelerate atherosclerosis in NZW rabbits. F018 was administered once daily by oral route in guinea pigs (10, 25 or 50mg/kg/day for 3 weeks), ApoE KO mice (50mg/kg/day for 6 weeks) and in NZW rabbit (25mg/kg/day for 5 weeks) to monitor its effect on dyslipidemia, vasoreactivity and plaque composition by using standard methodologies. RESULTS F018 treatment in guinea pigs (25 and 50mg/kg/day), ApoE mice (50mg/kg/day) and rabbits (25mg/kg/day) significantly reduced plasma lipids and improved ACh induced vasorelaxation. Anti-dyslipidemic effect of F018 seems to be due to the modulation of enterohepatic genes involved in the cholesterol absorption and excretion. Moreover, significant improvement in the acetylcholine (ACh) induced vasorelaxation was accompanied with reduced inflammatory burden and enhanced activation of eNOS in ApoE mice aortic tissue. Similarly inflammatory cytokines, immunolabeling of macrophage marker (CD68) and MMP-9 were reduced along with augmentation in vascular smooth muscle cells and collagen type I and III in the mechanically injured iliac artery segment in the rabbits. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, F018 preserved vasoreactivity, reduced atherosclerotic plaque progression and enhanced plaque stability by reducing lipids, inflammatory cytokines, improving endothelial function and collagen content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra S Kanshana
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sanjay C Rebello
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Priya Pathak
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | | | - Hobby Aggarwal
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | | | - Vivek Khanna
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Vishal Singh
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Kumaravelu Jagavelu
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Manoj K Barthwal
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Madhu Dikshit
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.
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Liang D. A Salutary Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Intercellular Tunnel-Mediated Communication. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:2. [PMID: 29503816 PMCID: PMC5821100 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The reactive oxygen species, generally labeled toxic due to high reactivity without target specificity, are gradually uncovered as signaling molecules involved in a myriad of biological processes. But one important feature of ROS roles in macromolecule movement has not caught attention until recent studies with technique advance and design elegance have shed lights on ROS signaling for intercellular and interorganelle communication. This review begins with the discussions of genetic and chemical studies on the regulation of symplastic dye movement through intercellular tunnels in plants (plasmodesmata), and focuses on the ROS regulatory mechanisms concerning macromolecule movement including small RNA-mediated gene silencing movement and protein shuttling between cells. Given the premise that intercellular tunnels (bridges) in mammalian cells are the key physical structures to sustain intercellular communication, movement of macromolecules and signals is efficiently facilitated by ROS-induced membrane protrusions formation, which is analogously applied to the interorganelle communication in plant cells. Although ROS regulatory differences between plant and mammalian cells exist, the basis for ROS-triggered conduit formation underlies a unifying conservative theme in multicellular organisms. These mechanisms may represent the evolutionary advances that have enabled multicellularity to gain the ability to generate and utilize ROS to govern material exchanges between individual cells in oxygenated environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dacheng Liang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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31
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Nagarkoti S, Dubey M, Awasthi D, Kumar V, Chandra T, Kumar S, Dikshit M. S-Glutathionylation of p47phox sustains superoxide generation in activated neutrophils. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:444-454. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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32
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Fan R, Han Y, Han H, Chen Z, Yu B, Kou J, Zhang Y. DT-13 ameliorates TNF-α-induced nitric oxide production in the endothelium in vivo and in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 495:1175-1181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Rivera-Chávez F, Lopez CA, Bäumler AJ. Oxygen as a driver of gut dysbiosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 105:93-101. [PMID: 27677568 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the composition of gut-associated microbial communities may underlie many inflammatory and allergic diseases. However, the processes that help maintain a stable community structure are poorly understood. Here we review topical work elucidating the nutrient-niche occupied by facultative anaerobic bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae, whose predominance within the gut-associated microbial community is a common marker of dysbiosis. A paucity of exogenous respiratory electron acceptors limits growth of Enterobacteriaceae within a balanced gut-associated microbial community. However, recent studies suggest that the availability of oxygen in the large bowel is markedly elevated by changes in host physiology that accompany antibiotic treatment or infection with enteric pathogens, such as Salmonella serovars or attaching and effacing (AE) pathogens. The resulting increase in oxygen availability, alone or in conjunction with other electron acceptors, drives an uncontrolled luminal expansion of Enterobacteriaceae. Insights into the underlying mechanisms provide important clues about factors that control the balance between the host and its resident microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Rivera-Chávez
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Christopher A Lopez
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Andreas J Bäumler
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Kanuri BN, Kanshana JS, Rebello SC, Pathak P, Gupta AP, Gayen JR, Jagavelu K, Dikshit M. Altered glucose and lipid homeostasis in liver and adipose tissue pre-dispose inducible NOS knockout mice to insulin resistance. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41009. [PMID: 28106120 PMCID: PMC5247703 DOI: 10.1038/srep41009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
On the basis of diet induced obesity and KO mice models, nitric oxide is implied to play an important role in the initiation of dyslipidemia induced insulin resistance. However, outcomes using iNOS KO mice have so far remained inconclusive. The present study aimed to assess IR in iNOS KO mice after 5 weeks of LFD feeding by monitoring body composition, energy homeostasis, insulin sensitivity/signaling, nitrite content and gene expressions changes in the tissues. We found that body weight and fat content in KO mice were significantly higher while the respiratory exchange ratio (RER), volume of carbon dioxide (VCO2), and heat production were lower as compared to WT mice. Furthermore, altered systemic glucose tolerance, tissue insulin signaling, hepatic gluconeogenesis, augmented hepatic lipids, adiposity, as well as gene expression regulating lipid synthesis, catabolism and efflux were evident in iNOS KO mice. Significant reduction in eNOS and nNOS gene expression, hepatic and adipose tissue nitrite content, circulatory nitrite was also observed. Oxygen consumption rate of mitochondrial respiration has remained unaltered in KO mice as measured using extracellular flux analyzer. Our findings establish a link between the NO status with systemic and tissue specific IR in iNOS KO mice at 5 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babu Nageswararao Kanuri
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow - 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi - 110001, India
| | - Jitendra S Kanshana
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow - 226031, India
| | - Sanjay C Rebello
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow - 226031, India
| | - Priya Pathak
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow - 226031, India
| | - Anand P Gupta
- Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow - 226031, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow - 226031, India
| | - Kumaravelu Jagavelu
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow - 226031, India
| | - Madhu Dikshit
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi - 110001, India
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Dey P, Panga V, Raghunathan S. A Cytokine Signalling Network for the Regulation of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression in Rheumatoid Arthritis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161306. [PMID: 27626941 PMCID: PMC5023176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), nitric oxide (NO) is implicated in inflammation, angiogenesis and tissue destruction. The enzyme inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is responsible for the localised over-production of NO in the synovial joints affected by RA. The pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines stimulate the synovial macrophages and the fibroblast-like synoviocytes to express iNOS. Therefore, the cytokine signalling network underlying the regulation of iNOS is essential to understand the pathophysiology of the disease. By using information from the literature, we have constructed, for the first time, the cytokine signalling network involved in the regulation of iNOS expression. Using the differential expression patterns obtained by re-analysing the microarray data on the RA synovium and the synovial macrophages available in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, we aimed to establish the role played by the network genes towards iNOS regulation in the RA synovium. Our analysis reveals that the network genes belonging to interferon (IFN) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) pathways are always up-regulated in the RA synovium whereas the genes which are part of the anti-inflammatory transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signalling pathway are mostly down-regulated. We observed a consistent up-regulation of the transcription factor signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (STAT1) in the RA synovium and the macrophages. Interestingly, we found a consistent up-regulation of the iNOS interacting protein ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 (RAC2) in the RA synovium as well as the macrophages. Importantly, we have constructed a model to explain the impact of IFN and IL-10 pathways on Rac2-iNOS interaction leading to over-production of NO and thereby causing chronic inflammation in the RA synovium. The interplay between STAT1 and RAC2 in the regulation of NO could have implications for the identification of therapeutic targets for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poulami Dey
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology (IBAB), Biotech Park, Electronics City Phase I, Bengaluru 560 100, Karnataka, India
- Manipal University, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Venugopal Panga
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology (IBAB), Biotech Park, Electronics City Phase I, Bengaluru 560 100, Karnataka, India
- Manipal University, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Srivatsan Raghunathan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology (IBAB), Biotech Park, Electronics City Phase I, Bengaluru 560 100, Karnataka, India
- * E-mail:
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Nitric oxide-mediated apoptosis of neutrophils through caspase-8 and caspase-3-dependent mechanism. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2348. [PMID: 27584786 PMCID: PMC5059853 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils play an indispensable role in killing of invading pathogens by enhancing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NO generation, and subsequently undergoing apoptosis. Unlike ROS/NOX2, role of NO/NOS still remains undefined in the apoptosis of neutrophils (PMNs) and the present study attempts to decipher the importance of NO/NOS in the neutrophil apoptosis. Prolonged treatment of human PMNs or mice bone marrow derived neutrophils (BMDN) with NO led to enhanced ROS generation, caspase-8/caspase-3 cleavage, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and finally cellular apoptosis. NO-induced ROS generation led to caspase-8 deglutathionylation and activation, which subsequently activated mitochondrial death pathway via BID (Bcl-2 family protein) cleavage. NO-mediated augmentation of caspase-8 and BID cleavage was significantly prevented in BMDN from neutrophil cytosolic factor-1 (NCF-1) knockout (KO) mice, implying the involvement of NOX2 in NO-induced apoptosis of PMNs. Furthermore, ROS, NO generation and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression were enhanced in a time-dependent manner in human PMNs and mice BMDN undergoing spontaneous apoptosis. Pharmacological and genetic ablation of iNOS in human PMNs and mice BMDN significantly reduced the levels of apoptosis. Impaired apoptosis of BMDN from iNOS KO mice was due to reduced caspase-8 activity which subsequently prevented caspase-3 and -9 activation. Altogether, our results suggest a crucial role of NO/iNOS in neutrophil apoptosis via enhanced ROS generation and caspase-8 mediated activation of mitochondrial death pathway.
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Reddy SS, Chauhan P, Maurya P, Saini D, Yadav PP, Barthwal MK. Coagulin-L ameliorates TLR4 induced oxidative damage and immune response by regulating mitochondria and NOX-derived ROS. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 309:87-100. [PMID: 27568862 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Withanolides possess diverse biological and pharmacological activity but their immunomodulatory function is less realized. Hence, coagulin-L, a withanolide isolated from Withania coagulans Dunal has been studied for such an effect in human and murine cells, and mice model. Coagulin-L (1, 3, 10μM) exhibited immunomodulatory effect by suppressing TLR4 induced immune mediators such as cytokines (GMCSF, IFNα, IFNγ, IL-1α, IL-1Rα, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-2R, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-10, IL-12 (p40/p70), IL-13, IL-15, IL-17), chemokines (IL-8/CXCL8, MIG/CXCL9, IP-10/CXCL10, KC, MCP-1/CCL2, MIP-1α/CCL3, MIP-1β/CCL4, RANTES/CCL5, eotaxin/CCL11), growth factors (FGF-basic, VEGF), nitric oxide and intracellular superoxide. Mechanistically, coagulin-L abrogated LPS induced total and mitochondrial ROS generation, NOX2, NOX4 mRNA expression, IRAK and MAPK (p38, JNK, ERK) activation. Coagulin-L also attenuated IκBα degradation, which prevented NFκB downstream iNOS expression and pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Furthermore, coagulin-L (10, 25, 50mg/kg, p.o.), undermined the LPS (10mg/kg, i.p.) induced endotoxemia response in mice as evinced from diminished cytokine release, nitric oxide, aortic p38 MAPK activation and endothelial tissue impairment besides suppressing NOX2 and NOX4 expression in liver and aorta. Moreover, coagulin-L also alleviated the ROS mediated oxidative damage which was assessed through protein carbonyl, lipid hydroperoxide, 8-isoprostane and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine quantification. To extend, coagulin-L also suppressed carrageenan-induced paw edema and thioglycollate-induced peritonitis in mice. Therefore, coagulin-L can be of therapeutic importance in pathological conditions induced by oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukka Santosh Reddy
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Parul Chauhan
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Preeti Maurya
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Deepika Saini
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Prem Prakash Yadav
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.
| | - Manoj Kumar Barthwal
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.
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Singh AK, Awasthi D, Dubey M, Nagarkoti S, Kumar A, Chandra T, Barthwal MK, Tripathi AK, Dikshit M. High oxidative stress adversely affects NFκB mediated induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase in human neutrophils: Implications in chronic myeloid leukemia. Nitric Oxide 2016; 58:28-41. [PMID: 27264783 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence support bimodal action of nitric oxide (NO) both as a promoter and as an impeder of oxygen free radicals in neutrophils (PMNs), however impact of high oxidative stress on NO generation is less explored. In the present study, we comprehensively investigated the effect of high oxidative stress on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and NO generation in human PMNs. Our findings suggest that PMA or diamide induced oxidative stress in PMNs from healthy volunteers, and high endogenous ROS in PMNs of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients attenuate basal as well as LPS/cytokines induced NO generation and iNOS expression in human PMNs. Mechanistically, we found that under high oxidative stress condition, S-glutathionylation of NFκB (p50 and p65 subunits) severely limits iNOS expression due to its reduced binding to iNOS promoter, which was reversed in presence of DTT. Furthermore, by using pharmacological inhibitors, scavengers and molecular approaches, we identified that enhanced ROS generation via NOX2 and mitochondria, reduced Grx1/2 expression and GSH level associated with NFκB S-glutathionylation in PMNs from CML patients. Altogether data obtained suggest that oxidative status act as an important regulator of NO generation/iNOS expression, and under enhanced oxidative stress condition, NOX2-mtROS-NFκB S-glutathionylation is a feed forward loop, which attenuate NO generation and iNOS expression in human PMNs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deepika Awasthi
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Megha Dubey
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Sheela Nagarkoti
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Pathology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Tulika Chandra
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Anil Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Clinical Haematology & Medical Oncology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Madhu Dikshit
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.
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Awasthi D, Nagarkoti S, Kumar A, Dubey M, Singh AK, Pathak P, Chandra T, Barthwal MK, Dikshit M. Oxidized LDL induced extracellular trap formation in human neutrophils via TLR-PKC-IRAK-MAPK and NADPH-oxidase activation. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 93:190-203. [PMID: 26774674 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation was initially linked with host defence and extracellular killing of pathogens. However, recent studies have highlighted their inflammatory potential. Oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) has been implicated as an independent risk factor in various acute or chronic inflammatory diseases including systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). In the present study we investigated effect of oxLDL on NETs formation and elucidated the underlying signalling mechanism. Treatment of oxLDL to adhered PMNs led to a time and concentration dependent ROS generation and NETs formation. OxLDL induced free radical formation and NETs release were significantly prevented in presence of NADPH oxidase (NOX) inhibitors suggesting role of NOX activation in oxLDL induced NETs release. Blocking of both toll like receptor (TLR)-2 and 6 significantly reduced oxLDL induced NETs formation indicating requirement of both the receptors. We further identified Protein kinase C (PKC), Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase (IRAKs), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway as downstream intracellular signalling mediators involved in oxLDL induced NETs formation. OxLDL components such as oxidized phospholipids (lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine (oxPAPC)) were most potent NETs inducers and might be crucial for oxLDL mediating NETs release. Other components like, oxysterols, malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) were however less potent as compared to oxidized phospholipids. This study thus demonstrates for the first time that treatment of human PMNs with oxLDL or its various oxidized phopholipid component mediated NETs release, implying their role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases such as SIRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Awasthi
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Sheela Nagarkoti
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Megha Dubey
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Priya Pathak
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Tulika Chandra
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Madhu Dikshit
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.
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Montserrat-de la Paz S, Fernandez-Arche A, de la Puerta R, Quilez AM, Muriana FJG, Garcia-Gimenez MD, Bermudez B. Mitraphylline inhibits lipopolysaccharide-mediated activation of primary human neutrophils. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:141-148. [PMID: 26926175 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitraphylline (MTP) is the major pentacyclic oxindolic alkaloid presented in Uncaria tomentosa. It has traditionally been used to treat disorders including arthritis, heart disease, cancer, and other inflammatory diseases. However, the specific role of MTP is still not clear, with more comprehensivestudies, our understanding of this ancient herbal medicine will continue growing. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE Some studies provided its ability to inhibit proinflamatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, through NF-κB-dependent mechanism. TNF-α primes neutrophils and modulates phagocytic and oxidative burst activities in inflammatory processes. Since, neutrophils represent the most abundant pool of leukocytes in human blood and play a crucial role in inflammation, we aimed to determine the ability of MTP to modulate neutrophil activation and differentially regulate inflammatory-related cytokines. METHODS To determine the mechanism of action of MTP, we investigated the effects on LPS-activated human primary neutrophils responses including activation surface markers by FACS and the expression of inflammatory cytokines, measured by real time PCR and ELISA. RESULTS Treatment with MTP reduced the LPS-dependent activation effects. Activated neutrophils (CD16(+)CD62L(-)) diminished after MTP administration. Moreover, proinflamatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 or IL-8) expression and secretion were concomitantly reduced, similar to basal control conditions. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results demonstrate that MTP is able to elicit an anti-inflammatory response that modulates neutrophil activation contributing to the attenuation of inflammatory episodes. Further studies are need to characterize the mechanism by which MTP can affect this pathway that could provide a means to develop MTP as new candidate for inflammatory disease therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Montserrat-de la Paz
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012, Seville, Spain ; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Angeles Fernandez-Arche
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Rocío de la Puerta
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Ana M Quilez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco J G Muriana
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Beatriz Bermudez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012, Seville, Spain .
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Thomas DD, Heinecke JL, Ridnour LA, Cheng RY, Kesarwala AH, Switzer CH, McVicar DW, Roberts DD, Glynn S, Fukuto JM, Wink DA, Miranda KM. Signaling and stress: The redox landscape in NOS2 biology. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 87:204-25. [PMID: 26117324 PMCID: PMC4852151 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has a highly diverse range of biological functions from physiological signaling and maintenance of homeostasis to serving as an effector molecule in the immune system. However, deleterious as well as beneficial roles of NO have been reported. Many of the dichotomous effects of NO and derivative reactive nitrogen species (RNS) can be explained by invoking precise interactions with different targets as a result of concentration and temporal constraints. Endogenous concentrations of NO span five orders of magnitude, with levels near the high picomolar range typically occurring in short bursts as compared to sustained production of low micromolar levels of NO during immune response. This article provides an overview of the redox landscape as it relates to increasing NO concentrations, which incrementally govern physiological signaling, nitrosative signaling and nitrosative stress-related signaling. Physiological signaling by NO primarily occurs upon interaction with the heme protein soluble guanylyl cyclase. As NO concentrations rise, interactions with nonheme iron complexes as well as indirect modification of thiols can stimulate additional signaling processes. At the highest levels of NO, production of a broader range of RNS, which subsequently interact with more diverse targets, can lead to chemical stress. However, even under such conditions, there is evidence that stress-related signaling mechanisms are triggered to protect cells or even resolve the stress. This review therefore also addresses the fundamental reactions and kinetics that initiate signaling through NO-dependent pathways, including processes that lead to interconversion of RNS and interactions with molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas D Thomas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Julie L Heinecke
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lisa A Ridnour
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert Y Cheng
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Aparna H Kesarwala
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christopher H Switzer
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel W McVicar
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - David D Roberts
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sharon Glynn
- Prostate Cancer Institute, NUI Galway, Ireland, USA
| | - Jon M Fukuto
- Department of Chemistry, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA 94928, USA
| | - David A Wink
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Katrina M Miranda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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Dubey M, Singh AK, Awasthi D, Nagarkoti S, Kumar S, Ali W, Chandra T, Kumar V, Barthwal MK, Jagavelu K, Sánchez-Gómez FJ, Lamas S, Dikshit M. L-Plastin S-glutathionylation promotes reduced binding to β-actin and affects neutrophil functions. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 86:1-15. [PMID: 25881549 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of cytoskeleton proteins due to oxidative stress associated with several pathological conditions often lead to alterations in cell function. The current study evaluates the effect of nitric oxide (DETA-NO)-induced oxidative stress-related S-glutathionylation of cytoskeleton proteins in human PMNs. By using in vitro and genetic approaches, we showed that S-glutathionylation of L-plastin (LPL) and β-actin promotes reduced chemotaxis, polarization, bactericidal activity, and phagocytosis. We identified Cys-206, Cys-283, and Cys-460as S-thiolated residues in the β-actin-binding domain of LPL, where cys-460 had the maximum score. Site-directed mutagenesis of LPL Cys-460 further confirmed the role in the redox regulation of LPL. S-Thiolation diminished binding as well as the bundling activity of LPL. The presence of S-thiolated LPL was detected in neutrophils from both diabetic patients and db/db mice with impaired PMN functions. Thus, enhanced nitroxidative stress may results in LPL S-glutathionylation leading to impaired chemotaxis, polarization, and bactericidal activity of human PMNs, providing a mechanistic basis for their impaired functions in diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Dubey
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Abhishek K Singh
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Deepika Awasthi
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Sheela Nagarkoti
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children׳s Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Wahid Ali
- King George׳s Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Vikas Kumar
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms, National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS-TIFR), Bangalore, India
| | - Manoj K Barthwal
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Francisco J Sánchez-Gómez
- Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa' (CSIC-UAM), Campus Universidad Autónoma, Nicolás, Cabrera 1, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Lamas
- Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa' (CSIC-UAM), Campus Universidad Autónoma, Nicolás, Cabrera 1, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Madhu Dikshit
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.
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Important Role of the IL-32 Inflammatory Network in the Host Response against Viral Infection. Viruses 2015; 7:3116-29. [PMID: 26087456 PMCID: PMC4488729 DOI: 10.3390/v7062762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-32 has gained much attention recently because of its important role in the inflammatory network. Since the discovery of IL-32 in 2005, our appreciation for its diverse roles continues to grow. Recent studies have discovered the antiviral effects induced by IL-32 and its associated regulatory mechanisms. The interactions between IL-32 and various cytokines including cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interferon (IFN)-λ1, interleukin (IL)-6, and soluble IL-6 receptor have been described. This review aims to integrate these new findings into explicit concepts and raises the intriguing possibility of IL-32 as a therapeutic target.
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Turmerone enriched standardized Curcuma longa extract alleviates LPS induced inflammation and cytokine production by regulating TLR4–IRAK1–ROS–MAPK–NFκB axis. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Bogdan C. Nitric oxide synthase in innate and adaptive immunity: an update. Trends Immunol 2015; 36:161-78. [PMID: 25687683 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 557] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Thirty years after the discovery of its production by activated macrophages, our appreciation of the diverse roles of nitric oxide (NO) continues to grow. Recent findings have not only expanded our understanding of the mechanisms controlling the expression of NO synthases (NOS) in innate and adaptive immune cells, but have also revealed new functions and modes of action of NO in the control and escape of infectious pathogens, in T and B cell differentiation, and in tumor defense. I discuss these findings, in the context of a comprehensive overview of the various sources and multiple reaction partners of NO, and of the regulation of NOS2 by micromilieu factors, antisense RNAs, and 'unexpected' cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bogdan
- Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie, und Hygiene, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Wasserturmstraße 3/5, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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Neutrophils: The Role of Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress in Health and Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 857:51-60. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2015_117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Rajasekar N, Dwivedi S, Nath C, Hanif K, Shukla R. Protection of streptozotocin induced insulin receptor dysfunction, neuroinflammation and amyloidogenesis in astrocytes by insulin. Neuropharmacology 2014; 86:337-52. [PMID: 25158313 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Impaired insulin signaling, amyloid pathology and neuroinflammation are closely associated with neurodegenerative disorder like Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our earlier studies showed that intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (STZ) induces insulin receptor (IR) signaling defect in the hippocampus, which is associated with memory impairment in rats. Astrocytes are the most abundant cells in the brain and play a major role in neuroinflammation. However, involvement of astrocytes in STZ induced IR dysfunction has not received much attention. Therefore, the present study was planned to explore the effect of STZ on IR signaling, proinflammatory markers and amyloidogenesis in rat astrocytoma cell line, (C6). STZ (100 μM) treatment in astrocytes (n = 3) for 24 h, resulted significant decrease in IR mRNA and protein expression, phosphorylation of IRS-1, Akt, GSK-3α and GSK-3β (p < 0.01). Further STZ induced amyloidogenic protein expression as evidenced by the increase in APP, BACE-1 and Aβ1-42 expression (p < 0.05) in astrocytes. STZ also significantly induced astrocytes activation as evidenced by increased expression of GFAP and p-P38 MAPK (p < 0.05). STZ treatment caused enhanced translocation of p65 NF-kB, triggered over expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-2, oxidative/nitrosative stress and caspase activation (p < 0.05) in astrocytes. Insulin (25-100 nM) pretreatment (n = 3) significantly prevented changes in IR signaling, amyloidogenic protein expression and levels of proinflammatory markers (p < 0.05) in STZ treated astroglial cells. In the present study, the protective effect of insulin suggests that, IR dysfunction along with amyloidogenesis and neuroinflammation may have played a major role in STZ induced toxicity in astrocytes which are relevant to AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Rajasekar
- Divisions of Pharmacology and Toxicology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), India
| | - Subhash Dwivedi
- Divisions of Pharmacology and Toxicology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Chandishwar Nath
- Divisions of Pharmacology and Toxicology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), India
| | - Kashif Hanif
- Divisions of Pharmacology and Toxicology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), India
| | - Rakesh Shukla
- Divisions of Pharmacology and Toxicology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), India.
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Hobbs GA, Zhou B, Cox AD, Campbell SL. Rho GTPases, oxidation, and cell redox control. Small GTPases 2014; 5:e28579. [PMID: 24809833 DOI: 10.4161/sgtp.28579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
While numerous studies support regulation of Ras GTPases by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, the Rho subfamily has received considerably less attention. Over the last few years, increasing evidence is emerging that supports the redox sensitivity of Rho GTPases. Moreover, as Rho GTPases regulate the cellular redox state by controlling enzymes that generate and convert reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, redox feedback loops likely exist. Here, we provide an overview of cellular oxidants, Rho GTPases, and their inter-dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Aaron Hobbs
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Bingying Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Adrienne D Cox
- Department of Pharmacology; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill, NC USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill, NC USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Sharon L Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill, NC USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill, NC USA
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