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Kalvaitis L, Gedvilaite-Vaicechauskiene G, Kriauciuniene L, Balnyte R, Liutkeviciene R. TNF-alfa Gene Polymorphism Associations with Multiple Sclerosis. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3693. [PMID: 38999258 PMCID: PMC11242879 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13133693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background:TNF-α has a dual role in multiple sclerosis (MS), contributing to both protective and harmful effects. It activates immune cells, promotes the formation of inflammatory lesions in the central nervous system, and stimulates the production of other pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, leading to myelin destruction and neuronal damage. Our research focused on investigating the relationship between TNF-alpha (rs1800630, rs1800629, and rs361525) gene polymorphisms and MS. Methods: 250 healthy controls and 250 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients were included in the study. DNA was extracted from leucocytes from peripheral venous blood by salt precipitation. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were tested using RT-PCR. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 29.0 data analysis software. Results: The analysis revealed that the rs361525 AG genotype was significantly less frequent in the MS group compared to the control group (4.0% vs. 7.2%, p = 0.042). Sex-specific analysis showed a significant difference in genotype distribution (GG, AG, AA) among males between the MS group and the control group (97.7%, 0%, 2.3% vs. 90.6%, 9.4%, 0%, p = 0.005). For the rs1800629 polymorphism, significant results were also found. In subjects younger than 39 years, the A allele was significantly less frequent in the MS group than in the control group (8.6% vs. 15.0%, p = 0.030). The most robust model indicated that the AA genotype reduced the odds of MS by approximately 2 fold compared to the AG + GG genotype (p = 0.044), and each A allele reduced the odds of MS by approximately 2 fold (p = 0.028). The rs1800630 A allele was significantly more common in males in the MS group than in the control group (21.0% vs. 12.9%, p = 0.046). Conclusions: In conclusion, our study identifies significant associations between TNF-alpha gene variants and MS. Specifically, the rs631525 AG genotype was less common in the MS group, with notable sex-specific differences observed. The rs1800629 A allele was statistically significantly less frequent in the MS group than in the control group, and the AA genotype reduced the odds of MS occurrence by ~2 fold compared with the AG + GG genotypes. Additionally, each A allele of rs1800629 was linked to a 2-fold decreased odds of MS occurrence. In males, the rs1800630 A allele was more frequent in the MS group. These findings highlight the relevance of TNF-alpha genetic variations in MS susceptibility, suggesting potential avenues for further research and therapeutic exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Kalvaitis
- Medical Faculty, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical Academy, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Greta Gedvilaite-Vaicechauskiene
- Medical Faculty, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical Academy, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical Academy, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Loresa Kriauciuniene
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical Academy, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Renata Balnyte
- Department of Neurology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical Academy, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Liutkeviciene
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical Academy, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Khan Z, Mehan S, Gupta GD, Narula AS. Immune System Dysregulation in the Progression of Multiple Sclerosis: Molecular Insights and Therapeutic Implications. Neuroscience 2024; 548:9-26. [PMID: 38692349 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS), a prevalent neurological disorder, predominantly affects young adults and is characterized by chronic autoimmune activity. The study explores the immune system dysregulation in MS, highlighting the crucial roles of immune and non-neuronal cells in the disease's progression. This review examines the dual role of cytokines, with some like IL-6, TNF-α, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) promoting inflammation and CNS tissue injury, and others such as IL-4, IL-10, IL-37, and TGF-β fostering remyelination and protecting against MS. Elevated chemokine levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), including CCL2, CCL5, CXCL10, CXCL13, and fractalkine, are analyzed for their role in facilitating immune cell migration across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), worsening inflammation and neurodegeneration. The study also delves into the impact of auto-antibodies targeting myelin components like MOG and AQP4, which activate complement cascades leading to further myelin destruction. The article discusses how compromised BBB integrity allows immune cells and inflammatory mediators to infiltrate the CNS, intensifying MS symptoms. It also examines the involvement of astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes in the disease's progression. Additionally, the effectiveness of immunomodulatory drugs such as IFN-β and CD20-targeting monoclonal antibodies (e.g., rituximab) in modulating immune responses is reviewed, highlighting their potential to reduce relapse rates and delaying MS progression. These insights emphasize the importance of immune system dysfunction in MS development and progression, guiding the development of new therapeutic strategies. The study underscores recent advancements in understanding MS's molecular pathways, opening avenues for more targeted and effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuber Khan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy (Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab 144603, India), Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy (Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab 144603, India), Moga 142001, Punjab, India.
| | - Ghanshyam Das Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy (Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab 144603, India), Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Acharan S Narula
- Narula Research, LLC, 107 Boulder Bluff, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
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3
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Laketa D, Lavrnja I. Extracellular Purine Metabolism-Potential Target in Multiple Sclerosis. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04104-9. [PMID: 38499905 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04104-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The purinergic signaling system comprises a complex network of extracellular purines and purine-metabolizing ectoenzymes, nucleotide and nucleoside receptors, ATP release channels, and nucleoside transporters. Because of its immunomodulatory function, this system is critically involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and its best-characterized animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). MS is a chronic neuroinflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease with autoimmune etiology and great heterogeneity, mostly affecting young adults and leading to permanent disability. In MS/EAE, alterations were detected in almost all components of the purinergic signaling system in both peripheral immune cells and central nervous system (CNS) glial cells, which play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. A decrease in extracellular ATP levels and an increase in its downstream metabolites, particularly adenosine and inosine, were frequently observed at MS, indicating a shift in metabolism toward an anti-inflammatory environment. Accordingly, upregulation of the major ectonucleotidase tandem CD39/CD73 was detected in the blood cells and CNS of relapsing-remitting MS patients. Based on the postulated role of A2A receptors in the transition from acute to chronic neuroinflammation, the association of variants of the adenosine deaminase gene with the severity of MS, and the beneficial effects of inosine treatment in EAE, the adenosinergic system emerged as a promising target in neuroinflammation. More recently, several publications have identified ADP-dependent P2Y12 receptors and the major extracellular ADP producing enzyme nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 2 (NTPDase2) as novel potential targets in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Laketa
- Department of General Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry "Ivan Djaja", Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 3, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia.
| | - Irena Lavrnja
- Institute for Biological Research, Sinisa Stankovic" - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
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Yazdani Y, Zamani ARN, Majidi Z, Sharafkandi N, Alizadeh S, Mofrad AME, Valizadeh A, Idari G, Radvar AD, Safaie N, Faridvand Y. Curcumin and targeting of molecular and metabolic pathways in multiple sclerosis. Cell Biochem Funct 2023; 41:779-787. [PMID: 37653672 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a life-threading disease that poses a great threat to the human being lifestyle. Having said extensive research in the realm of underlying mechanisms and treatment procedures, no definite remedy has been found. Over the past decades, many medicines have been disclosed to alleviate the symptoms and marking of MS. Meanwhile, the substantial efficacy of herbal medicines including curcumin must be underscored. Accumulated documents demonstrated the fundamental role of curcumin in the induction of the various signaling pathways. According to evidence, curcumin can play a role in mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis, autophagy, and mitophagy. Also, by targeting the signaling pathways AMPK, PGC-1α/PPARγ, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR, curcumin interferes with the metabolism of MS. The anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immune regulatory effects of this herbal compound are involved in its effectiveness against MS. Thus, the present review indicates the molecular and metabolic pathways associated with curcumin's various pharmacological actions on MS, as well as setting into context the many investigations that have noted curcumin-mediated regulatory effects in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalda Yazdani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arezoo R N Zamani
- Department of Genetic, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ziba Majidi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nadia Sharafkandi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Shaban Alizadeh
- Department of Hematology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir M E Mofrad
- Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Amir Valizadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Idari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Aysan D Radvar
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nasser Safaie
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yousef Faridvand
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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5
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Darwish SF, Elbadry AMM, Elbokhomy AS, Salama GA, Salama RM. The dual face of microglia (M1/M2) as a potential target in the protective effect of nutraceuticals against neurodegenerative diseases. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:1231706. [PMID: 37744008 PMCID: PMC10513083 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1231706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of different neurodegenerative illnesses is significantly influenced by the polarization regulation of microglia and macrophages. Traditional classifications of macrophage phenotypes include the pro-inflammatory M1 and the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes. Numerous studies demonstrated dynamic non-coding RNA modifications, which are catalyzed by microglia-induced neuroinflammation. Different nutraceuticals focus on the polarization of M1/M2 phenotypes of microglia and macrophages, offering a potent defense against neurodegeneration. Caeminaxin A, curcumin, aromatic-turmerone, myricetin, aurantiamide, 3,6'-disinapoylsucrose, and resveratrol reduced M1 microglial inflammatory markers while increased M2 indicators in Alzheimer's disease. Amyloid beta-induced microglial M1 activation was suppressed by andrographolide, sulforaphane, triptolide, xanthoceraside, piperlongumine, and novel plant extracts which also prevented microglia-mediated necroptosis and apoptosis. Asarone, galangin, baicalein, and a-mangostin reduced oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in M1-activated microglia in Parkinson's disease. Additionally, myrcene, icariin, and tenuigenin prevented the nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome and microglial neurotoxicity, while a-cyperone, citronellol, nobiletin, and taurine prevented NADPH oxidase 2 and nuclear factor kappa B activation. Furthermore, other nutraceuticals like plantamajoside, swertiamarin, urolithin A, kurarinone, Daphne genkwa flower, and Boswellia serrata extracts showed promising neuroprotection in treating Parkinson's disease. In Huntington's disease, elderberry, curcumin, iresine celosia, Schisandra chinensis, gintonin, and pomiferin showed promising results against microglial activation and improved patient symptoms. Meanwhile, linolenic acid, resveratrol, Huperzia serrata, icariin, and baicalein protected against activated macrophages and microglia in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis. Additionally, emodin, esters of gallic and rosmarinic acids, Agathisflavone, and sinomenine offered promising multiple sclerosis treatments. This review highlights the therapeutic potential of using nutraceuticals to treat neurodegenerative diseases involving microglial-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar F. Darwish
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdullah M. M. Elbadry
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt
- Nanotechnology Research Center (NTRC), The British University in Egypt (BUE), El-Sherouk City, Egypt
| | | | - Ghidaa A. Salama
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania M. Salama
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
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Shah A, Panchal V, Patel K, Alimohamed Z, Kaka N, Sethi Y, Patel N. Pathogenesis and management of multiple sclerosis revisited. Dis Mon 2023; 69:101497. [PMID: 36280474 DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2022.101497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune chronic inflammatory disease characterized by selective destruction of myelin in the CNS neurons (including optic nerve). It was first described in the 19th century and remained elusive owing to the disease's unique relapsing and remitting course. The widespread and debilitating prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) has prompted the development of various treatment modalities for its effective management. METHODS AND OBJECTIVES A literature review was conducted using the electronic databases PubMed and Google Scholar. The main objective of the review was to compile the advances in pathogenesis, classifications, and evolving treatment modalities for MS. RESULTS The understanding of the pathogenesis of MS and the potential drug targets for its precise treatment has evolved significantly over the past decade. The experimental developments are also motivating and present a big change coming up in the next 5 years. Numerous disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) have revolutionized the management of MS: interferon (IFN) preparations, monoclonal antibodies-natalizumab and ocrelizumab, immunomodulatory agents-glatiramer acetate, sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) modulators (Siponimod) and teriflunomide. The traditional parenteral drugs are now available as oral formulations improving patient acceptability. Repurposing various agents used for related diseases may reinforce the drug reserve to manage MS and are under trials. Although at a nascent phase, strategies to enhance re-myelination by stimulating oligodendrocytes are fascinating and hold promise for better outcomes in patients with MS. CONCLUSIONS The recent past has seen staggering inclusions to the management of multiple sclerosis catalyzing a significant turnabout in our approach to diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Since the advent of DMTs various other oral and injectable agents have been approved. The advances in MS therapeutics and diagnostics have laid the ground for further research and development to enhance the quality of life of afflicted patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhi Shah
- Smt NHL MMC, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380006, India; PearResearch, India
| | - Viraj Panchal
- Smt NHL MMC, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380006, India; PearResearch, India
| | - Kashyap Patel
- Baroda Medical College, Vadodara, India; PearResearch, India
| | - Zainab Alimohamed
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Tanzania; PearResearch, India
| | - Nirja Kaka
- PearResearch, India; GMERS Medical College, Himmatnagar, India
| | - Yashendra Sethi
- PearResearch, India; Government Doon Medical College, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Neil Patel
- PearResearch, India; GMERS Medical College, Himmatnagar, India.
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7
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López-Muguruza E, Matute C. Alterations of Oligodendrocyte and Myelin Energy Metabolism in Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12912. [PMID: 37629092 PMCID: PMC10454078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by demyelination and neurodegeneration. Oligodendrocytes play a vital role in maintaining the integrity of myelin, the protective sheath around nerve fibres essential for efficient signal transmission. However, in MS, oligodendrocytes become dysfunctional, leading to myelin damage and axonal degeneration. Emerging evidence suggests that metabolic changes, including mitochondrial dysfunction and alterations in glucose and lipid metabolism, contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of MS. Mitochondrial dysfunction is observed in both immune cells and oligodendrocytes within the CNS of MS patients. Impaired mitochondrial function leads to energy deficits, affecting crucial processes such as impulse transmission and axonal transport, ultimately contributing to neurodegeneration. Moreover, mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), exacerbating myelin damage and inflammation. Altered glucose metabolism affects the energy supply required for oligodendrocyte function and myelin synthesis. Dysregulated lipid metabolism results in changes to the composition of myelin, affecting its stability and integrity. Importantly, low levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids in MS are associated with upregulated lipid metabolism and enhanced glucose catabolism. Understanding the intricate relationship between these mechanisms is crucial for developing targeted therapies to preserve myelin and promote neurological recovery in individuals with MS. Addressing these metabolic aspects may offer new insights into potential therapeutic strategies to halt disease progression and improve the quality of life for MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eneritz López-Muguruza
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Matute
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
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Pasella M, Pisano F, Cannas B, Fanni A, Cocco E, Frau J, Lai F, Mocci S, Littera R, Giglio SR. Decision trees to evaluate the risk of developing multiple sclerosis. Front Neuroinform 2023; 17:1248632. [PMID: 37649987 PMCID: PMC10465164 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2023.1248632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a persistent neurological condition impacting the central nervous system (CNS). The precise cause of multiple sclerosis is still uncertain; however, it is thought to arise from a blend of genetic and environmental factors. MS diagnosis includes assessing medical history, conducting neurological exams, performing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, and analyzing cerebrospinal fluid. While there is currently no cure for MS, numerous treatments exist to address symptoms, decelerate disease progression, and enhance the quality of life for individuals with MS. Methods This paper introduces a novel machine learning (ML) algorithm utilizing decision trees to address a key objective: creating a predictive tool for assessing the likelihood of MS development. It achieves this by combining prevalent demographic risk factors, specifically gender, with crucial immunogenetic risk markers, such as the alleles responsible for human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules and the killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) genes responsible for natural killer lymphocyte receptors. Results The study included 619 healthy controls and 299 patients affected by MS, all of whom originated from Sardinia. The gender feature has been disregarded due to its substantial bias in influencing the classification outcomes. By solely considering immunogenetic risk markers, the algorithm demonstrates an ability to accurately identify 73.24% of MS patients and 66.07% of individuals without the disease. Discussion Given its notable performance, this system has the potential to support clinicians in monitoring the relatives of MS patients and identifying individuals who are at an increased risk of developing the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Pasella
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Fabio Pisano
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Barbara Cannas
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fanni
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cocco
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, Centro Sclerosi Multipla, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Jessica Frau
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, Centro Sclerosi Multipla, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesco Lai
- Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Stefano Mocci
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Centre for Research University Services, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Roberto Littera
- AART-ODV (Association for the Advancement of Research on Transplantation), Cagliari, Italy
- Medical Genetics, R. Binaghi Hospital, ASSL Cagliari, ATS Sardegna, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sabrina Rita Giglio
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Centre for Research University Services, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
- AART-ODV (Association for the Advancement of Research on Transplantation), Cagliari, Italy
- Medical Genetics, R. Binaghi Hospital, ASSL Cagliari, ATS Sardegna, Cagliari, Italy
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Rump A, Ratas K, Lepasepp TK, Suurväli J, Smolander OP, Gross-Paju K, Toomsoo T, Kanellopoulos J, Rüütel Boudinot S. Sex-dependent expression levels of VAV1 and P2X7 in PBMC of multiple sclerosis patients. Scand J Immunol 2023; 98:e13283. [PMID: 38441379 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system and the leading cause of progressive neurological disability in young adults. It decreases the patient's lifespan by about 10 years and affects women more than men. No medication entirely restricts or reverses neurological degradation. However, early diagnosis and treatment increase the possibility of a better outcome. To identify new MS biomarkers, we tested the expression of six potential markers (P2X4, P2X7, CXCR4, RGS1, RGS16 and VAV1) using qPCR in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of MS patients treated with interferon β (IFNβ), with glatiramer acetate (GA) or untreated. We showed that P2X7 and VAV1 are significantly induced in MS patients. In contrast, the expression of P2X4, CXCR4, RGS1 and RGS16 was not significantly modified by MS in PBMC. P2X7 and VAV1 are essentially induced in female patients, suggesting these markers are connected to sex-specific mechanisms. Strikingly, VAV1 expression is higher in healthy women than healthy men and IFNβ treatment of MS reduced VAV1 expression in female MS patients while it up-regulated VAV1 in male MS patients. Our data point to the differential, sex-dependent value of MS markers and treatment effects. Although rgs16 expression in PBMC was not a valid MS marker in patients, the strong upregulation of P2X4 and P2X7 induced in the spinal cord of WT mice by EAE was abrogated in rgs16KO mice suggesting that rgs16 is required for P2X4 and P2X7 induction by neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airi Rump
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kristel Ratas
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
- Synlab, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Tuuli Katarina Lepasepp
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Jaanus Suurväli
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Olli-Pekka Smolander
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Katrin Gross-Paju
- Department of Health Technologies, School of Information Technologies, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
- West-Tallinn Central Hospital, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Toomas Toomsoo
- School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia
- Confido Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Jean Kanellopoulos
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, France
| | - Sirje Rüütel Boudinot
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
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Dedoni S, Scherma M, Camoglio C, Siddi C, Dazzi L, Puliga R, Frau J, Cocco E, Fadda P. An overall view of the most common experimental models for multiple sclerosis. Neurobiol Dis 2023:106230. [PMID: 37453561 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex chronic disease with an unknown etiology. It is considered an inflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized, in most cases, by an unpredictable onset of relapse and remission phases. The disease generally starts in subjects under 40; it has a higher incidence in women and is described as a multifactorial disorder due to the interaction between genetic and environmental risk factors. Unfortunately, there is currently no definitive cure for MS. Still, therapies can modify the disease's natural history, reducing the relapse rate and slowing the progression of the disease or managing symptoms. The limited access to human CNS tissue slows down. It limits the progression of research on MS. This limit has been partially overcome over the years by developing various experimental models to study this disease. Animal models of autoimmune demyelination, such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and viral and toxin or transgenic MS models, represent the most significant part of MS research approaches. These models have now been complemented by ex vivo studies, using organotypic brain slice cultures and in vitro, through induced Pluripotent Stem cells (iPSCs). We will discuss which clinical features of the disorders might be reproduced and investigated in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro in models commonly used in MS research to understand the processes behind the neuropathological events occurring in the CNS of MS patients. The primary purpose of this review is to give the reader a global view of the main paradigms used in MS research, spacing from the classical animal models to transgenic mice and 2D and 3D cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dedoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Italy.
| | - M Scherma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Italy.
| | - C Camoglio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Italy.
| | - C Siddi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - L Dazzi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Anthropology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy.
| | - R Puliga
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Anthropology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy.
| | - J Frau
- Regional Multiple Sclerosis Center, ASSL Cagliari, ATS Sardegna, Italy
| | - E Cocco
- Regional Multiple Sclerosis Center, ASSL Cagliari, ATS Sardegna, Italy; Department Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy.
| | - P Fadda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Italy; Neuroscience Institute, Section of Cagliari, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Cagliari, Italy.
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11
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Nazir FH, Wiberg A, Müller M, Mangsbo S, Burman J. Antibodies from serum and CSF of multiple sclerosis patients bind to oligodendroglial and neuronal cell-lines. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad164. [PMID: 37274830 PMCID: PMC10233900 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a highly complex and heterogeneous disease. At the onset it often presents as a clinically isolated syndrome. Thereafter relapses are followed by periods of remissions, but eventually, most patients develop secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. It is widely accepted that autoantibodies are important to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, but hitherto it has been difficult to identify the target of such autoantibodies. As an alternative strategy, cell-based methods of detecting autoantibodies have been developed. The objective of this study was to explore differences in the binding of antibodies from sera and CSF of multiple sclerosis patients and controls to oligodendroglial and neuronal cell-lines, related to antibody type, immunoglobulin (IgG/IgM), matrix (serum/CSF) and disease course. The oligodendroglial and neuronal cell-lines were expanded in tissue culture flasks and transferred to 96-well plates at a concentration of 50 000 cells/well followed by fixation and blocking with bovine serum albumin. Sera and CSF samples, from healthy controls and multiple sclerosis patients, were incubated with the fixed cells. Epitope binding of immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM) in sera and CSF was detected using biotinylated anti-human IgM and IgG followed by avidin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. Horseradish peroxidase activity was detected with 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine substrate. Serum from 76 patients and 30 controls as well as CSF from 62 patients and 32 controls were investigated in the study. The binding was similar between clinically isolated syndrome patients and controls, whereas the largest differences were observed between secondary progressive multiple sclerosis patients and controls. Antibodies from multiple sclerosis patients (all disease course combined) bound more to all investigated cell-lines, irrespectively of matrix type, but binding of immunoglobulin G from CSF to human oligodendroglioma cell-line discriminated best between multiple sclerosis patients and controls with a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 96%. The cell-based enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was able to discriminate between multiple sclerosis patients and controls with a high degree of accuracy. The disease course was the major determinant for the antibody binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Hayat Nazir
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neurology, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 85, Sweden
| | - Anna Wiberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neurology, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 85, Sweden
| | - Malin Müller
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neurology, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 85, Sweden
| | - Sara Mangsbo
- Department of Pharmacy, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 23, Sweden
| | - Joachim Burman
- Correspondence to: Joachim Burman Department of Medical Sciences, Neurology, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 85, Sweden. E-mail:
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12
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Biglari N, Mehdizadeh A, Vafaei Mastanabad M, Gharaeikhezri MH, Gol Mohammad Pour Afrakoti L, Pourbala H, Yousefi M, Soltani-Zangbar MS. Application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in neurodegenerative disorders: History, findings, and prospective challenges. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 247:154541. [PMID: 37245265 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, the application of mesenchymal stem cells has captured the attention of researchers and practitioners worldwide. These cells can be obtained from practically every tissue in the body and are used to treat a broad variety of conditions, most notably neurological diseases such as Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. Studies are still being conducted, and the results of these studies have led to the identification of several different molecular pathways involved in the neuroglial speciation process. These molecular systems are closely regulated and interconnected due to the coordinated efforts of many components that make up the machinery responsible for cell signaling. Within the scope of this study, we compared and contrasted the numerous mesenchymal cell sources and their cellular features. These many sources of mesenchymal cells included adipocyte cells, fetal umbilical cord tissue, and bone marrow. In addition, we investigated whether these cells can potentially treat and modify neurodegenerative illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Biglari
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Mehdizadeh
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Vafaei Mastanabad
- Neurosurgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | | | | | - Hooman Pourbala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Soltani-Zangbar
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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13
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Sundaresan B, Shirafkan F, Ripperger K, Rattay K. The Role of Viral Infections in the Onset of Autoimmune Diseases. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030782. [PMID: 36992490 PMCID: PMC10051805 DOI: 10.3390/v15030782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are the consequence of a breach in immune tolerance, leading to the inability to sufficiently differentiate between self and non-self. Immune reactions that are targeted towards self-antigens can ultimately lead to the destruction of the host's cells and the development of autoimmune diseases. Although autoimmune disorders are comparatively rare, the worldwide incidence and prevalence is increasing, and they have major adverse implications for mortality and morbidity. Genetic and environmental factors are thought to be the major factors contributing to the development of autoimmunity. Viral infections are one of the environmental triggers that can lead to autoimmunity. Current research suggests that several mechanisms, such as molecular mimicry, epitope spreading, and bystander activation, can cause viral-induced autoimmunity. Here we describe the latest insights into the pathomechanisms of viral-induced autoimmune diseases and discuss recent findings on COVID-19 infections and the development of AIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhargavi Sundaresan
- Institute of Pharmacology, Biochemical Pharmacological Center, University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Fatemeh Shirafkan
- Institute of Pharmacology, Biochemical Pharmacological Center, University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Kevin Ripperger
- Institute of Pharmacology, Biochemical Pharmacological Center, University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Kristin Rattay
- Institute of Pharmacology, Biochemical Pharmacological Center, University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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14
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Karimi N, Motovali-Bashi M, Ghaderi-Zefrehei M. Gene network reveals LASP1, TUBA1C, and S100A6 are likely playing regulatory roles in multiple sclerosis. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1090631. [PMID: 36970516 PMCID: PMC10035600 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1090631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionMultiple sclerosis (MS), a non-contagious and chronic disease of the central nervous system, is an unpredictable and indirectly inherited disease affecting different people in different ways. Using Omics platforms genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, epigenomics, interactomics, and metabolomics database, it is now possible to construct sound systems biology models to extract full knowledge of the MS and recognize the pathway to uncover the personalized therapeutic tools.MethodsIn this study, we used several Bayesian Networks in order to find the transcriptional gene regulation networks that drive MS disease. We used a set of BN algorithms using the R add-on package bnlearn. The BN results underwent further downstream analysis and were validated using a wide range of Cytoscape algorithms, web based computational tools and qPCR amplification of blood samples from 56 MS patients and 44 healthy controls. The results were semantically integrated to improve understanding of the complex molecular architecture underlying MS, distinguishing distinct metabolic pathways and providing a valuable foundation for the discovery of involved genes and possibly new treatments.ResultsResults show that the LASP1, TUBA1C, and S100A6 genes were most likely playing a biological role in MS development. Results from qPCR showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in LASP1 and S100A6 gene expression levels in MS patients compared to that in controls. However, a significant down regulation of TUBA1C gene was observed in the same comparison.ConclusionThis study provides potential diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for enhanced understanding of gene regulation underlying MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Karimi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Majid Motovali-Bashi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
- *Correspondence: Majid Motovali-Bashi
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15
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Hydrogen Sulphide-Based Therapeutics for Neurological Conditions: Perspectives and Challenges. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:1981-1996. [PMID: 36764968 PMCID: PMC10182124 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03887-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS)-related conditions are currently the leading cause of disability worldwide, posing a significant burden to health systems, individuals and their families. Although the molecular mechanisms implicated in these disorders may be varied, neurological conditions have been increasingly associated with inflammation and/or impaired oxidative response leading to further neural cell damages. Therefore, therapeutic approaches targeting these defective molecular mechanisms have been vastly explored. Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) has emerged as a modulator of both inflammation and oxidative stress with a neuroprotective role, therefore, has gained interest in the treatment of neurological disorders. H2S, produced by endogenous sources, is maintained at low levels in the CNS. However, defects in the biosynthetic and catabolic routes for H2S metabolism have been identified in CNS-related disorders. Approaches to restore H2S availability using H2S-donating compounds have been recently explored in many models of neurological conditions. Nonetheless, we still need to elucidate the potential for these compounds not only to ameliorate defective biological routes, but also to better comprehend the implications on H2S delivery, dosage regimes and feasibility to successfully target CNS tissues. Here, we highlight the molecular mechanisms of H2S-dependent restoration of neurological functions in different models of CNS disease whilst summarising current administration approaches for these H2S-based compounds. We also address existing barriers in H2S donor delivery by showcasing current advances in mediating these constrains through novel biomaterial-based carriers for H2S donors.
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Phenethyl Ester of Gallic Acid Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248770. [PMID: 36557903 PMCID: PMC9782083 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gallic acid is a phenolic acid present in various plants, nuts, and fruits. It is well known for its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. The phenethyl ester of gallic acid (PEGA) was synthesized with the aim of increasing the bioavailability of gallic acid, and thus its pharmacological potential. Here, the effects of PEGA on encephalitogenic cells were examined, and PEGA was found to modulate the inflammatory activities of T cells and macrophages/microglia. Specifically, PEGA reduced the release of interleukin (IL)-17 and interferon (IFN)-γ from T cells, as well as NO, and IL-6 from macrophages/microglia. Importantly, PEGA ameliorated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS)-multiple sclerosis. Thus, PEGA is a potent anti-inflammatory compound with a perspective to be further explored in the context of CNS autoimmunity and other chronic inflammatory disorders.
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17
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Bizoń A, Chojdak-Łukasiewicz J, Kołtuniuk A, Budrewicz S, Pokryszko-Dragan A, Piwowar A. Evaluation of Selected Oxidant/Antioxidant Parameters in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Undergoing Disease-Modifying Therapies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122416. [PMID: 36552624 PMCID: PMC9774652 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate oxidative stress parameters, specifically the concentration of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), in the serum of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). We also analyzed the relationships between each parameter and selected clinical/laboratory multiple-sclerosis-related parameters. The study group comprised 204 patients with RRMS and 29 healthy, age-matched controls. The concentration of AOPP was significantly higher in the RRMS patients than in controls. ROC analysis showed the ability of AOPP to distinguish between the patients with RRMS and controls (the value of AUC was 94.8%, with a sensitivity of 89.69% and specificity of 89.3%). AOPP and FRAP were significantly higher in male than in female RRMS patients. Correlations were found between AOPP and the laboratory markers of inflammation. AOPP differed in the subgroups of patients treated with particular medications. Our findings indicate an increase in the markers of oxidative stress in the serum of RRMS patients, possibly linked with chronic inflammation. Gender and type of treatment affected the markers of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bizoń
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-784-0455
| | | | - Aleksandra Kołtuniuk
- Department of Nervous System Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Bartla 5, 51-618 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Sławomir Budrewicz
- Department of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Pokryszko-Dragan
- Department of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Piwowar
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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18
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Mesenchymal stem cell therapy: A review of clinical trials for multiple sclerosis. Regen Ther 2022; 21:201-209. [PMID: 36092509 PMCID: PMC9420954 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that is the result of the body's own immune cells being auto-reactive to the myelin regions of the body as if these regions were foreign antigens. This demyelination process is damaging to the electrical conductivity of neurons. The current medicines are only capable of fighting off the symptoms of the disease, but not the disease itself. Specialized stem cells, known as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), seem to be the candidate therapy to get rid of MS. MSCs can be isolated from multiple sources of the person's body, and even from the umbilical cord (UC) and placenta of a donor. These cells have anti-inflammatory effects so they can target the overactivity and self-antigen attacks by T cells and macrophages; this immune system overactivity is characteristic of MS. MSCs show the ability to locate into brain lesions when injected and thus can compensate for the loss of the brain function by differentiating into neuronal precursor cells and glial cells. The author has listed tables of clinical trials that have utilized MSCs from different sources, along with the years and the phase of study completed for each trial. The consensus is that these cells work on inhibiting CD4+ and CD8+ T cell activation, T regulatory cells (Tregs), and macrophage switch into the auto-immune phenotype. The best source of MSCs seems to be the UC due to the easiness of extraction, the noninvasive method of collection, their higher expansion ability and more powerful immune-modulating properties compared to other locations in the body. Studies showed there was a significant decline of mRNA expression of several cytokines after the administration of MSCs derived from the UC (UCMSCs). Other researchers were able to repair the defects of Tregs in MS patients by co-culturing Tregs from these patients with UCMSCs, which decreased the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN γ, and also suggested a strong link between Tregs lack of functionality in MS patients with the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Stegnjaić G, Lazarević M, Diamantis D, Djedović N, Jevtić B, Stanisavljević S, Dimitrijević M, Momčilović M, Tzakos AG, Miljković Đ. Phenethyl ester of rosmarinic acid ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Immunol Lett 2022; 251-252:9-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Tolentino M, Cho CC, Lyons JA. Photobiomodulation at 830 nm Reduced Nitrite Production by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Isolated from Multiple Sclerosis Subjects. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2022; 40:480-487. [DOI: 10.1089/photob.2021.0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Tolentino
- Biomedical Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Chi C. Cho
- College of Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jeri-Anne Lyons
- Biomedical Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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21
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Wigner P, Dziedzic A, Synowiec E, Miller E, Bijak M, Saluk-Bijak J. Variation of genes encoding nitric oxide synthases and antioxidant enzymes as potential risks of multiple sclerosis development: a preliminary study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10603. [PMID: 35732787 PMCID: PMC9217808 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14795-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by a variable clinical course and diverse pathophysiology, including nitrative and oxidative stresses as well as inflammation. We aimed to detect the potential association between five selected single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding nitric oxide synthetases as well as antioxidant enzymes and the development of MS in a Polish population. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood collected from 142 MS patients and 140 controls. Using Taq-Man® probes, we genotyped the following SNPs: rs1879417 in NOS1, and rs2297518 in NOS2 as well as rs4880 in SOD2, rs7943316 in CAT, rs713041 in GPX4. In the case of rs2297518, the C/C genotype and C allele SNP were associated with an enhanced occurrence of MS, while the C/T, T/T genotypes, and T allele of the same polymorphism reduced this risk. Moreover, the C/C homozygote and C allele of the rs4880 SNP reduced MS risk, while the T allele increased the risk. In addition, the A/T heterozygote of rs7943316 polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of MS occurrence. We also detected that the C/C genotype and C allele of rs713041 decreased the risk of MS, whereas the T/T genotype and T allele increased this risk. In conclusion, the results of our study suggest some links between polymorphic variability in the nitrative/oxidative stress-related genes and the risk of MS development in the Polish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Wigner
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Angela Dziedzic
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Ewelina Synowiec
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska Street, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Miller
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, Milionowa 14, 93-113, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michal Bijak
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Saluk-Bijak
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
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22
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Effects of Palmitoylethanolamide on Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Review from Rodents to Humans. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050667. [PMID: 35625595 PMCID: PMC9138306 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) stands out among endogenous lipid mediators for its neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic functions. PEA belonging to the N-acetylanolamine class of phospholipids was first isolated from soy lecithin, egg yolk, and peanut flour. It is currently used for the treatment of different types of neuropathic pain, such as fibromyalgia, osteoarthritis, carpal tunnel syndrome, and many other conditions. The properties of PEA, especially of its micronized or ultra-micronized forms maximizing bioavailability and efficacy, have sparked a series of innovative research to evaluate its possible application as therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative diseases. Neurodegenerative diseases are widespread throughout the world, and although they are numerous and different, they share common patterns of conditions that result from progressive damage to the brain areas involved in mobility, muscle coordination and strength, mood, and cognition. The present review is aimed at illustrating in vitro and in vivo research, as well as human studies, using PEA treatment, alone or in combination with other compounds, in the presence of neurodegeneration. Namely, attention has been paid to the effects of PEA in counteracting neuroinflammatory conditions and in slowing down the progression of diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, Frontotemporal dementia, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and Multiple Sclerosis. Literature research demonstrated the efficacy of PEA in addressing the damage typical of major neurodegenerative diseases.
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23
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León Ruiz M, Sospedra M, Arce Arce S, Tejeiro-Martínez J, Benito-León J. Current evidence on the potential therapeutic applications of transcranial magnetic stimulation in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review of the literature. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2022; 37:199-215. [PMID: 35465914 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A growing number of studies have evaluated the effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for the symptomatic treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS We performed a PubMed search for articles, recent books, and recommendations from the most relevant clinical practice guidelines and scientific societies regarding the use of TMS as symptomatic treatment in MS. CONCLUSIONS Excitatory electromagnetic pulses applied to the affected cerebral hemisphere allow us to optimise functional brain activity, including the transmission of nerve impulses through the demyelinated corticospinal pathway. Various studies into TMS have safely shown statistically significant improvements in spasticity, fatigue, lower urinary tract dysfunction, manual dexterity, gait, and cognitive deficits related to working memory in patients with MS; however, the exact level of evidence has not been defined as the results have not been replicated in a sufficient number of controlled studies. Further well-designed, randomised, controlled clinical trials involving a greater number of patients are warranted to attain a higher level of evidence in order to recommend the appropriate use of TMS in MS patients across the board. TMS acts as an adjuvant with other symptomatic and immunomodulatory treatments. Additional studies should specifically investigate the effect of conventional repetitive TMS on fatigue in these patients, something that has yet to see the light of day.
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Affiliation(s)
- M León Ruiz
- Servicio de Neurología, Clínica San Vicente, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Sospedra
- Sección de Neuroinmunología y de Investigación en Esclerosis Múltiple, Departamento de Neurología, Hospital Universitario de Zúrich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Arce Arce
- Servicio de Psiquiatría, Clínica San Vicente, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Dirección Médica, Clínica San Vicente, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Tejeiro-Martínez
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Benito-León
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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24
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León Ruiz M, Sospedra M, Arce Arce S, Tejeiro-Martínez J, Benito-León J. Current evidence on the potential therapeutic applications of transcranial magnetic stimulation in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review of the literature. Neurologia 2022; 37:199-215. [PMID: 29898858 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A growing number of studies have evaluated the effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for the symptomatic treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS We performed a PubMed search for articles, recent books, and recommendations from the most relevant clinical practice guidelines and scientific societies regarding the use of TMS as symptomatic treatment in MS. CONCLUSIONS Excitatory electromagnetic pulses applied to the affected cerebral hemisphere allow us to optimise functional brain activity, including the transmission of nerve impulses through the demyelinated corticospinal pathway. Various studies into TMS have safely shown statistically significant improvements in spasticity, fatigue, lower urinary tract dysfunction, manual dexterity, gait, and cognitive deficits related to working memory in patients with MS; however, the exact level of evidence has not been defined as the results have not been replicated in a sufficient number of controlled studies. Further well-designed, randomised, controlled clinical trials involving a greater number of patients are warranted to attain a higher level of evidence in order to recommend the appropriate use of TMS in MS patients across the board. TMS acts as an adjuvant with other symptomatic and immunomodulatory treatments. Additional studies should specifically investigate the effect of conventional repetitive TMS on fatigue in these patients, something that has yet to see the light of day.
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Affiliation(s)
- M León Ruiz
- Servicio de Neurología, Clínica San Vicente, Madrid, España; Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España.
| | - M Sospedra
- Sección de Neuroinmunología y de Investigación en Esclerosis Múltiple, Departamento de Neurología, Hospital Universitario de Zúrich, Zúrich, Suiza
| | - S Arce Arce
- Servicio de Psiquiatría, Clínica San Vicente, Madrid, España; Departamento de Dirección Médica, Clínica San Vicente, Madrid, España
| | - J Tejeiro-Martínez
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España
| | - J Benito-León
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España; Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, España
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Agmatine Mitigates Inflammation-Related Oxidative Stress in BV-2 Cells by Inducing a Pre-Adaptive Response. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073561. [PMID: 35408922 PMCID: PMC8998340 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and microglial activation, common components of most neurodegenerative diseases, can be imitated in vitro by challenging microglia cells with Lps. We here aimed to evaluate the effects of agmatine pretreatment on Lps-induced oxidative stress in a mouse microglial BV-2 cell line. Our findings show that agmatine suppresses nitrosative and oxidative burst in Lps-stimulated microglia by reducing iNOS and XO activity and decreasing O2- levels, arresting lipid peroxidation, increasing total glutathione content, and preserving GR and CAT activity. In accordance with these results, agmatine suppresses inflammatory NF-kB, and stimulates antioxidant Nrf2 pathway, resulting in decreased TNF, IL-1 beta, and IL-6 release, and reduced iNOS and COX-2 levels. Together with increased ARG1, CD206 and HO-1 levels, our results imply that, in inflammatory conditions, agmatine pushes microglia towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Interestingly, we also discovered that agmatine alone increases lipid peroxidation end product levels, induces Nrf2 activation, increases total glutathione content, and GPx activity. Thus, we hypothesize that some of the effects of agmatine, observed in activated microglia, may be mediated by induced oxidative stress and adaptive response, prior to Lps stimulation.
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Banerjee S, Nara R, Chakraborty S, Chowdhury D, Haldar S. Integrin Regulated Autoimmune Disorders: Understanding the Role of Mechanical Force in Autoimmunity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:852878. [PMID: 35372360 PMCID: PMC8971850 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.852878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of autoimmune disorders is multifactorial, where immune cell migration, adhesion, and lymphocyte activation play crucial roles in its progression. These immune processes are majorly regulated by adhesion molecules at cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell–cell junctions. Integrin, a transmembrane focal adhesion protein, plays an indispensable role in these immune cell mechanisms. Notably, integrin is regulated by mechanical force and exhibit bidirectional force transmission from both the ECM and cytosol, regulating the immune processes. Recently, integrin mechanosensitivity has been reported in different immune cell processes; however, the underlying mechanics of these integrin-mediated mechanical processes in autoimmunity still remains elusive. In this review, we have discussed how integrin-mediated mechanotransduction could be a linchpin factor in the causation and progression of autoimmune disorders. We have provided an insight into how tissue stiffness exhibits a positive correlation with the autoimmune diseases’ prevalence. This provides a plausible connection between mechanical load and autoimmunity. Overall, gaining insight into the role of mechanical force in diverse immune cell processes and their dysregulation during autoimmune disorders will open a new horizon to understand this physiological anomaly.
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Rai SN, Singh P, Steinbusch HW, Vamanu E, Ashraf G, Singh MP. The Role of Vitamins in Neurodegenerative Disease: An Update. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1284. [PMID: 34680401 PMCID: PMC8533313 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquiring the recommended daily allowance of vitamins is crucial for maintaining homeostatic balance in humans and other animals. A deficiency in or dysregulation of vitamins adversely affects the neuronal metabolism, which may lead to neurodegenerative diseases. In this article, we discuss how novel vitamin-based approaches aid in attenuating abnormal neuronal functioning in neurodegeneration-based brain diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Prion disease. Vitamins show their therapeutic activity in Parkinson's disease by antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity. In addition, different water- and lipid-soluble vitamins have also prevented amyloid beta and tau pathology. On the other hand, some results also show no correlation between vitamin action and the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. Some vitamins also exhibit toxic activity too. This review discusses both the beneficial and null effects of vitamin supplementation for neurological disorders. The detailed mechanism of action of both water- and lipid-soluble vitamins is addressed in the manuscript. Hormesis is also an essential factor that is very helpful to determine the effective dose of vitamins. PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus were employed to conduct the literature search of original articles, review articles, and meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachchida Nand Rai
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India;
| | - Payal Singh
- Department of Zoology, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India;
| | - Harry W.M. Steinbusch
- Department of Cellular Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Emanuel Vamanu
- Faculty of Biotechnology, The University of Agronomic Science and Veterinary Medicine, 59 Marasti blvd, 1 District, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ghulam Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohan Prasad Singh
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India;
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Upadhayay S, Mehan S. Targeting Nrf2/HO-1 anti-oxidant signaling pathway in the progression of multiple sclerosis and influences on neurological dysfunctions. BRAIN DISORDERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dscb.2021.100019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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29
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Rasoul AA, Khudhur ZO, Hamad MS, Ismaeal YS, Smail SW, Rasul MF, Mohammad KA, Bapir AA, Omar SA, Qadir MK, Rajab MF, Salihi A, Kaleem M, Rizwan MA, Qureshi AS, Iqbal ZM, Qudratullah. The role of oxidative stress and haematological parameters in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in Kurdish population. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2021; 56:103228. [PMID: 34492630 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2021.103228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS), as a neurodegenerative disorder, exhibits inflammation and oxidative stress hallmarks. OBJECTIVE The research aims to know any disturbances in haematological parameters and antioxidant system of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients in the Kurdish population. METHODS A case-control research meeting following the McDonald criterion was conducted on 100 RRMS patients and 100 controls. RESULTS Lipid peroxidation products of malondialdehyde (MDA), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and total leucocyte counts (TLCs) were increased significantly, but copper (Cu+2) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were decreased significantly while nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) and lymphocyte were not changed significantly if compared with that of controls. CONCLUSION Findings from our study revealed that some defects were detected in haematological profiles in the Kurdish population and disturbance of immunological parameters. In addition, the utilization of Cu+2 supplement as an effective modality for RRMS patients may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhikal Omar Khudhur
- Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Science, Tishk International University - Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | | | | | - Shukur Wasman Smail
- Biology Department, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq; Department of Biology, College of Science, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
| | - Mohammed Fatih Rasul
- Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Science, Tishk International University - Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad
- General Directorate for Scientific Research Center, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | | | - Shwan Ali Omar
- Ministry of Health, Kurdistan Regional Government, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mahdi Khaled Qadir
- Department of Physiotherapy, Erbil Technical Health College, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mustafa Fahmi Rajab
- Biology Department, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Abbas Salihi
- Biology Department, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Muhammad Kaleem
- Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Anas Sarwar Qureshi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Livestock Management, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Qudratullah
- Department of Surgery, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
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Trifunovic S, Stevanovic I, Milosevic A, Ristic N, Janjic M, Bjelobaba I, Savic D, Bozic I, Jakovljevic M, Tesovic K, Laketa D, Lavrnja I. The Function of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis During Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: Involvement of Oxidative Stress Mediators. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:649485. [PMID: 34220419 PMCID: PMC8248369 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.649485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, demyelinating disease with an unknown origin. Previous studies showed the involvement of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis to susceptibility to autoimmune diseases, including MS, and its best-characterized animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). During MS/EAE, innate immune cells are activated and release cytokines and other inflammatory mediators, leading to a vicious cycle of inflammation. In response to inflammation, the activated HPA axis modulates immune responses via glucocorticoid activity. Because the mechanisms involving oxidative stress to the HPA axis are relatively unrevealed, in this study, we investigate the inflammatory and oxidative stress status of HPA axis during EAE. Our results reveal an upregulation of Pomc gene expression, followed by POMC and ACTH protein increase at the peak of the EAE in the pituitary. Also, prostaglandins are well-known contributors of HPA axis activation, which increases during EAE at the periphery. The upregulated Tnf expression in the pituitary during the peak of EAE occurred. This leads to the activation of oxidative pathways, followed by upregulation of inducible NO synthase expression. The reactive oxidant/nitrosative species (ROS/RNS), such as superoxide anion and NO, increase their levels at the onset and peak of the disease in the pituitary and adrenal glands, returning to control levels at the end of EAE. The corticotrophs in the pituitary increased in number and volume at the peak of EAE that coincides with high lipid peroxidation levels. The expression of MC2R in the adrenal glands increases at the peak of EAE, where strong induction of superoxide anion and malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced total glutathione (GSH) content, and catalase activity occurred at the peak and end of EAE compared with controls. The results obtained from this study may help in understanding the mechanisms and possible pharmacological modulation in MS and demonstrate an effect of oxidative stress exposure in the HPA activation during the course of EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Trifunovic
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Stevanovic
- Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy, Institute of Medical Research Belgrade, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Milosevic
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Natasa Ristic
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Janjic
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Bjelobaba
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Savic
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Iva Bozic
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Jakovljevic
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Tesovic
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Laketa
- Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Irena Lavrnja
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Castellanos DB, Martín-Jiménez CA, Rojas-Rodríguez F, Barreto GE, González J. Brain lipidomics as a rising field in neurodegenerative contexts: Perspectives with Machine Learning approaches. Front Neuroendocrinol 2021; 61:100899. [PMID: 33450200 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are essential for cellular functioning considering their role in membrane composition, signaling, and energy metabolism. The brain is the second most abundant organ in terms of lipid concentration and diversity only after adipose tissue. However, in the central system (CNS) lipid dysregulation has been linked to the etiology, progression, and severity of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimeŕs, Parkinson, and Multiple Sclerosis. Advances in the human genome and subsequent sequencing technologies allowed us the study of lipidomics as a promising approach to diagnosis and treatment of neurodegeneration. Lipidomics advances rapidly increased the amount and quality of data allowing the integration with other omic types as well as implementing novel bioinformatic and quantitative tools such as machine learning (ML). Integration of lipidomics data with ML, as a powerful quantitative predictive approach, led to improvements in diagnostic biomarker prediction, clinical data integration, network, and systems approaches for neural behavior, novel etiology markers for inflammation, and neurodegeneration progression and even Mass Spectrometry image analysis. In this sense, by exploiting lipidomics data with ML is possible to improve the identification of new biomarkers or unveil new molecular mechanisms associated with lipid impairment across neurodegeneration. In this review, we present the lipidomic neurobiology state-of-the-art highlighting its potential applications to study neurodegenerative conditions. Also, we present theoretical background, applications, and advances in the integration of lipidomics with ML. This review opens the door to new approaches in this rising field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Báez Castellanos
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Cynthia A Martín-Jiménez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Felipe Rojas-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - George E Barreto
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Janneth González
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.
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Orian JM, D'Souza CS, Kocovski P, Krippner G, Hale MW, Wang X, Peter K. Platelets in Multiple Sclerosis: Early and Central Mediators of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration and Attractive Targets for Molecular Imaging and Site-Directed Therapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:620963. [PMID: 33679764 PMCID: PMC7933211 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.620963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are clearly central to thrombosis and hemostasis. In addition, more recently, evidence has emerged for non-hemostatic roles of platelets including inflammatory and immune reactions/responses. Platelets express immunologically relevant ligands and receptors, demonstrate adhesive interactions with endothelial cells, monocytes and neutrophils, and toll-like receptor (TLR) mediated responses. These properties make platelets central to innate and adaptive immunity and potential candidate key mediators of autoimmune disorders. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic autoimmune central nervous system (CNS) disease. An association between platelets and MS was first indicated by the increased adhesion of platelets to endothelial cells. This was followed by reports identifying structural and functional changes of platelets, their chronic activation in the peripheral blood of MS patients, platelet presence in MS lesions and the more recent revelation that these structural and functional abnormalities are associated with all MS forms and stages. Investigations based on the murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) MS model first revealed a contribution to EAE pathogenesis by exacerbation of CNS inflammation and an early role for platelets in EAE development via platelet-neuron and platelet-astrocyte associations, through sialated gangliosides in lipid rafts. Our own studies refined and extended these findings by identifying the critical timing of platelet accumulation in pre-clinical EAE and establishing an initiating and central rather than merely exacerbating role for platelets in disease development. Furthermore, we demonstrated platelet-neuron associations in EAE, coincident with behavioral changes, but preceding the earliest detectable autoreactive T cell accumulation. In combination, these findings establish a new paradigm by asserting that platelets play a neurodegenerative as well as a neuroinflammatory role in MS and therefore, that these two pathological processes are causally linked. This review will discuss the implications of these findings for our understanding of MS, for future applications for imaging toward early detection of MS, and for novel strategies for platelet-targeted treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Orian
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Claretta S D'Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Pece Kocovski
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Guy Krippner
- Medicinal Chemistry, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew W Hale
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Molecular Imaging and Theranostics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Saksida T, Jevtić B, Djedović N, Miljković Đ, Stojanović I. Redox Regulation of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells and Regulatory T Cells in the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Autoimmunity. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:364-382. [PMID: 32458699 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Autoimmune diseases are progressively affecting westernized societies, as the proportion of individuals suffering from autoimmunity is steadily increasing over the past decades. Understanding the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in modulation of the immune response in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders is of utmost importance. The focus of this review is the regulation of ROS production within tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDCs) and regulatory T (Treg) cells that have the essential role in the prevention of autoimmune diseases and significant potency in their therapy. Recent Advances: It is now clear that ROS are extremely important for the proper function of both DC and T cells. Antigen processing/presentation and the ability of DC to activate T cells depend upon the ROS availability. Treg differentiation, suppressive function, and stability are profoundly influenced by ROS presence. Critical Issues: Although a plethora of results on the relation between ROS and immune cells exist, it remains unclear whether ROS modulation is a productive way for skewing T cells and DCs toward a tolerogenic phenotype. Also, the possibility of ROS modulation for enhancement of regulatory properties of DC and Treg during their preparation for use in cellular therapy has to be clarified. Future Directions: Studies of DC and T cell redox regulation should allow for the improvement of the therapy of autoimmune diseases. This could be achieved through the direct therapeutic application of ROS modulators in autoimmunity, or indirectly through ROS-dependent enhancement of tolDC and Treg preparation for cell-based immunotherapy. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 364-382.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Saksida
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković," National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojan Jevtić
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković," National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Neda Djedović
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković," National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Đorđe Miljković
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković," National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Stojanović
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković," National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Mitochondria, Oxidative Stress, cAMP Signalling and Apoptosis: A Crossroads in Lymphocytes of Multiple Sclerosis, a Possible Role of Nutraceutics. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 10:antiox10010021. [PMID: 33379309 PMCID: PMC7823468 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex inflammatory and neurodegenerative chronic disease that involves the immune and central nervous systems (CNS). The pathogenesis involves the loss of blood–brain barrier integrity, resulting in the invasion of lymphocytes into the CNS with consequent tissue damage. The MS etiology is probably a combination of immunological, genetic, and environmental factors. It has been proposed that T lymphocytes have a main role in the onset and propagation of MS, leading to the inflammation of white matter and myelin sheath destruction. Cyclic AMP (cAMP), mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress exert a role in the alteration of T lymphocytes homeostasis and are involved in the apoptosis resistance of immune cells with the consequent development of autoimmune diseases. The defective apoptosis of autoreactive lymphocytes in patients with MS, allows these cells to perpetuate, within the CNS, a continuous cycle of inflammation. In this review, we discuss the involvement in MS of cAMP pathway, mitochondria, reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis, and their interaction in the alteration of T lymphocytes homeostasis. In addition, we discuss a series of nutraceutical compounds that could influence these aspects.
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Biernacki T, Sandi D, Bencsik K, Vécsei L. Medicinal Chemistry of Multiple Sclerosis: Focus on Cladribine. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:269-285. [PMID: 31644403 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666191015201755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the recent years, many novel Disease-Modifying Drugs (DMD) have been introduced to the market in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. OBJECTIVES To provide the reader with an up to date, compact review on the pharmacokinetic properties, mechanism of action, and clinical attributes of one of the most recently approved drugs in the therapy of multiple sclerosis, cladribine. CONCLUSION Cladribine tablets proved to be a highly efficient treatment choice for Relapsing- Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS), especially for patients with high disease activity. It is the first DMD for MS with a complex mechanism of action, by inhibiting the adenosine-deaminase enzyme it increases the intracellular levels of deoxyadenosine triphosphate, which with relative selectivity depletes both T- and B-cells lines simultaneously. However long term follow-up safety and effectiveness data are still missing, and clear treatment protocols are lacking beyond the first two treatment years cladribine should prove to be a valuable addition to the therapeutic palette of RRMS, and potentially for Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS) as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Biernacki
- Department of Neurology, Szent-Gyorgyi Albert Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dániel Sandi
- Department of Neurology, Szent-Gyorgyi Albert Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Bencsik
- Department of Neurology, Szent-Gyorgyi Albert Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Vécsei
- Department of Neurology, Szent-Gyorgyi Albert Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
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36
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Zhang X, Gao B, Xu B. No association between the vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) gene polymorphisms (rs7041 and rs4588) and multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242256. [PMID: 33180889 PMCID: PMC7661054 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The association between polymorphisms in vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) gene and the risk of multiple sclerosis (MS) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has been investigated in many studies, but the studies showed controversial results. The rationale for this meta-analysis was to determine whether DBP polymorphisms increases the risk of MS and T1DM by pooling data. Methods Potentially relevant studies were searched using GWAS Catalog, PubMed, Embase, CNKI and WANFANG databases up to November 2019. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were performed to estimate the associations in a fixed-effects or random-effects model. Results A total of 13 studies were enrolled in this meta-analysis, including eight studies for MS and five for T1DM. The overall results showed that there was no significant association of DBP rs7041 and rs4588 polymorphisms with the risk of MS and T1DM under any genetic model. Similarly, subgroup analysis by ethnicity revealed that no significant association of rs7041 and rs4588 polymorphisms with the risk of MS and T1DM was observed in white or non-white racial groups. Conclusions This meta-analysis provides evidence that DBP rs7041 and rs4588 polymorphisms may not be associated with an increased risk in MS and T1DM. However, these findings need further validation by larger-scale epidemiological studies and genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shenyang First People’s Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Bai Gao
- Department of Nerve Function, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Neurology, Shenyang First People’s Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- * E-mail:
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Shen MH, Ng CY, Chang KH, Chi CC. Association of multiple sclerosis with vitiligo: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17792. [PMID: 33082449 PMCID: PMC7575608 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74298-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyautoimmunity implicates that some autoimmune diseases share common etiopathogenesis. Some studies have reported an association between multiple sclerosis (MS) and vitiligo; meanwhile, other studies have failed to confirm this association. We performed a systemic review and meta-analysis to examine the association of MS with vitiligo. We searched the MEDLINE and Embase databases on March 8, 2020 for relevant case–control, cross-sectional, and cohort studies. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the risk of bias of the included studies. Where applicable, we performed a meta-analysis to calculate the pooled odds ratio (OR) for case–control/cross-sectional studies and risk ratio for cohort studies with 95% confidence interval (CI). Our search identified 285 citations after removing duplicates. Six case–control studies with 12,930 study subjects met our inclusion criteria. Our meta-analysis found no significant association of MS with prevalent vitiligo (pooled OR 1.33; 95% CI 0.80‒2.22). Analysis of the pooled data failed to display any increase of prevalent vitiligo in MS patients compared with controls. Ethnic and genetic factors may play an important role for sporadically observed associations between MS and vitiligo. Future studies of this association should therefore consider stratification by ethnic or genetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Han Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chau Yee Ng
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsuan Chang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chi Chi
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Stepanovska B, Zivkovic A, Enzmann G, Tietz S, Homann T, Kleuser B, Engelhardt B, Stark H, Huwiler A. Morpholino Analogues of Fingolimod as Novel and Selective S1P 1 Ligands with In Vivo Efficacy in a Mouse Model of Experimental Antigen-Induced Encephalomyelitis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6463. [PMID: 32899717 PMCID: PMC7555234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) which is associated with lower life expectancy and disability. The experimental antigen-induced encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice is a useful animal model of MS, which allows exploring the etiopathogenetic mechanisms and testing novel potential therapeutic drugs. A new therapeutic paradigm for the treatment of MS was introduced in 2010 through the sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) analogue fingolimod (FTY720, Gilenya®), which acts as a functional S1P1 antagonist on T lymphocytes to deplete these cells from the blood. In this study, we synthesized two novel structures, ST-1893 and ST-1894, which are derived from fingolimod and chemically feature a morpholine ring in the polar head group. These compounds showed a selective S1P1 activation profile and a sustained S1P1 internalization in cultures of S1P1-overexpressing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 cells, consistent with a functional antagonism. In vivo, both compounds induced a profound lymphopenia in mice. Finally, these substances showed efficacy in the EAE model, where they reduced clinical symptoms of the disease, and, on the molecular level, they reduced the T-cell infiltration and several inflammatory mediators in the brain and spinal cord. In summary, these data suggest that S1P1-selective compounds may have an advantage over fingolimod and siponimod, not only in MS but also in other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bisera Stepanovska
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital INO-F, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Aleksandra Zivkovic
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (A.Z.); (H.S.)
| | - Gaby Enzmann
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; (G.E.); (S.T.); (B.E.)
| | - Silvia Tietz
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; (G.E.); (S.T.); (B.E.)
| | - Thomas Homann
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert Allee 114–116, D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (T.H.); (B.K.)
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert Allee 114–116, D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (T.H.); (B.K.)
| | - Britta Engelhardt
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; (G.E.); (S.T.); (B.E.)
| | - Holger Stark
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (A.Z.); (H.S.)
| | - Andrea Huwiler
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital INO-F, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland;
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Rosito M, Testi C, Parisi G, Cortese B, Baiocco P, Di Angelantonio S. Exploring the Use of Dimethyl Fumarate as Microglia Modulator for Neurodegenerative Diseases Treatment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080700. [PMID: 32756501 PMCID: PMC7465338 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of redox homeostasis in the brain is critical for the prevention of the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Drugs acting on brain redox balance can be promising for the treatment of neurodegeneration. For more than four decades, dimethyl fumarate (DMF) and other derivatives of fumaric acid ester compounds have been shown to mitigate a number of pathological mechanisms associated with psoriasis and relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). Recently, DMF has been shown to exert a neuroprotective effect on the central nervous system (CNS), possibly through the modulation of microglia detrimental actions, observed also in multiple brain injuries. In addition to the hypothesis that DMF is linked to the activation of NRF2 and NF-kB transcription factors, the neuroprotective action of DMF may be mediated by the activation of the glutathione (GSH) antioxidant pathway and the regulation of brain iron homeostasis. This review will focus on the role of DMF as an antioxidant modulator in microglia processes and on its mechanisms of action in the modulation of different pathways to attenuate neurodegenerative disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosito
- Center for Life Nanoscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (C.T.); (G.P.)
| | - Claudia Testi
- Center for Life Nanoscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (C.T.); (G.P.)
| | - Giacomo Parisi
- Center for Life Nanoscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (C.T.); (G.P.)
| | - Barbara Cortese
- Nanotechnology Institute, CNR-Nanotechnology Institute, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Paola Baiocco
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli” Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.B.); (S.D.A.)
| | - Silvia Di Angelantonio
- Center for Life Nanoscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (C.T.); (G.P.)
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.B.); (S.D.A.)
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40
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Zhang HK, Ye Y, Li KJ, Zhao ZN, He JF. Gypenosides Prevent H 2O 2-Induced Retinal Ganglion Cell Apoptosis by Concurrently Suppressing the Neuronal Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:618-630. [PMID: 31897969 PMCID: PMC7066284 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01468-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that gypenosides (Gp) exert protective effects on retinal nerve fibers and axons in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune optic neuritis. However, the therapeutic mechanisms remain unclear. Thus, in this study, a model of oxidative damage in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) was established to investigate the protective effect of Gp, and its possible influence on oxidative stress in RGCs. Treatment of cells with H2O2 induced RGC injury owing to the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, the activities of antioxidative enzymes decreased and the expression of inflammatory factors increased, resulting in an increase in cellular apoptosis. Gp helped RGCs to become resistant to oxidation damage by directly reducing the amount of ROS in cells and exerting protective effects against H2O2-induced apoptosis. Treatment with Gp also reduced the generation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and increased nuclear respiratory factor 2 (Nrf-2) levels so as to increase the levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and glutathione peroxidase 1/2 (Gpx1/2), which can enhance antioxidation in RGCs. In conclusion, our data indicate that neuroprotection by Gp involves its antioxidation and anti-inflammation effects. Gp prevents apoptosis through a mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. This finding might provide novel insights into understanding the mechanism of the neuroprotective effects of gypenosides in the treatment of optic neuritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Kan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yuan Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Kai-Jun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zhen-Ni Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jian-Feng He
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
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41
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Microbiome and motor neuron diseases. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020. [PMID: 33814112 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The microbiome is the ecological community of commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganisms that share our body space (Medical and Health Genomics, 2016, page 15-28). The human gut is the location where the maximum number of microorganisms can be found. Among the different microorganisms they can be broadly classified into two groups: the beneficial and harmful. In the human gut there is always a balance between the beneficial and the opportunistic microorganism which maintains human health. However, if the balance is not maintained and homeostasis is disturbed, with an increase in opportunistic microorganisms, it may result in various diseases like inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, colorectal cancer, metabolic disorders and neurodegenerative diseases including motor neuron diseases. In the present chapter we discuss the role of gut bacteria in motor neuron diseases like multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Li H, Deng Y, Liang J, Huang F, Qiu W, Zhang M, Long Y, Hu X, Lu Z, Liu W, Zheng SG. Mesenchymal stromal cells attenuate multiple sclerosis via IDO-dependent increasing the suppressive proportion of CD5+ IL-10+ B cells. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:5673-5688. [PMID: 31632539 PMCID: PMC6789281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS), one of the autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, is a major cause of neurological disability worldwide. The existing clinical treatments are not curable, and better treatments are urgently needed. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have shown promise for treating MS, but the favorable effects and mechanism of MSC therapy on MS are still not fully understood. In this study, we analyzed the phenotypic feature of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in MS patients and found that the patients exhibited an increase in the frequency of B cells, but a markedly decrease in frequency of CD5+ and IL-10+ B cells compared to healthy controls. Infusion of MSCs exhibited a significant therapeutic effect on the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice, infiltration of mononuclear cells and demyelination of the spinal cords were both reduced in CNS of the mice, the frequency of CD5+ IL-10+ B cells in the mice was significantly increased. Additionally, when PBMCs or B cells from MS patients were co-cultured with MSCs, the frequency of CD5+ IL-10+ B cells also increased, the proliferative and immunosuppressive capacity of CD5+ B cells were significantly enhanced while the apoptosis ratio of this cellular subset significantly decreased. Moreover, those effects could be eliminated while the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor, D/L-1MT, was added to the co-cultured cells. In summary, this study suggests that MSCs can control EAE via IDO pathway to promote the proportion and function of CD5+ IL-10+ B cells, providing a promise to treat patients with MS in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Li
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China
- Clinical Immunology Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Yinan Deng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510630, Guangdonng, China
| | - Jinliang Liang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510630, Guangdonng, China
| | - Feng Huang
- Clinical Immunology Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510630, Guangdonng, China
| | - Youming Long
- Department of Neurology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueqiang Hu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhengqi Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510630, Guangdonng, China
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Ohio State University College of MedicineColumbus, OH 43210, USA
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Gonzalo H, Nogueras L, Gil-Sánchez A, Hervás JV, Valcheva P, González-Mingot C, Martin-Gari M, Canudes M, Peralta S, Solana MJ, Pamplona R, Portero-Otin M, Boada J, Serrano JCE, Brieva L. Impairment of Mitochondrial Redox Status in Peripheral Lymphocytes of Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:938. [PMID: 31551694 PMCID: PMC6738270 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Literature suggests that oxidative stress (OS) may be involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), in which the immune system is known to play a key role. However, to date, the OS in peripheral lymphocytes and its contribution to the disease remain unknown. The aim of the present study was to explore the influence of OS in peripheral lymphocytes of MS patients. To that end, a cross-sectional, observational pilot study was conducted [n = 58: 34 MS and 24 healthy subjects (control group)]. We have measured superoxide production and protein mitochondrial complex levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from MS patients and control. Lactate levels and the antioxidant capacity were determined in plasma. We adjusted the comparisons between study groups by age, sex and cell count according to case. Results demonstrated that PBMCs, specifically T cells, from MS patients exhibited significantly increased superoxide anion production compared to control group (p = 0.027 and p = 0.041, respectively). Increased superoxide production in PBMCs was maintained after the adjustment (p = 0.044). Regarding mitochondrial proteins, we observe a significant decrease in the representative protein content of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I-V in PBMCs of MS patients (p = 0.002, p = 0.037, p = 0.03, p = 0.044, and p = 0.051, respectively), which was maintained for complexes I, III, and V after the adjustment (p = 0.026; p = 0.033; p = 0.033, respectively). In MS patients, a trend toward increased plasma lactate concentration was detected [8.04 mg lactate/dL (5.25, 9.49) in the control group, 11.36 mg lactate/dL (5.41, 14.81) in MS patients] that was statistically significant after the adjustment (p = 0.013). This might be indicative of compromised mitochondrial function. Finally, antioxidant capacity was also decreased in plasma from MS patients, both before (p = 0.027) and after adjusting for sex and age (p = 0.006). Our findings demonstrate that PBMCs of MS patients show impaired mitochondrial redox status and deficient antioxidant capacity. These results demonstrate for the first time the existence of mitochondrial alterations in the cells immune cells of MS patients already at the peripheral level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Gonzalo
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, Lleida, Spain.,Clinical University Hospital of Valladolid (HCUV), Department of Research and Innovation, SACYL/IECSCYL, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Lara Nogueras
- Universitat de Lleida, Departament de Medicina Experimental, Lleida, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marc Canudes
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | | | | | - Reinald Pamplona
- Universitat de Lleida, Departament de Medicina Experimental, Lleida, Spain
| | | | - Jordi Boada
- Universitat de Lleida, Departament de Medicina Experimental, Lleida, Spain
| | | | - Luis Brieva
- Hospital Universitario Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
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Wooliscroft L, Silbermann E, Cameron M, Bourdette D. Approaches to Remyelination Therapies in Multiple Sclerosis. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2019; 21:34. [DOI: 10.1007/s11940-019-0574-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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45
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Andhavarapu S, Mubariz F, Arvas M, Bever C, Makar TK. Interplay between ER stress and autophagy: A possible mechanism in multiple sclerosis pathology. Exp Mol Pathol 2019; 108:183-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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46
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Pereira VCSR, Fontes-Dantas FL, Paradela ER, Malfetano FR, Scherpenhuijzen SDSB, Mansur LF, Luiz RR, Oliveira APD, Farinhas JGD, Maiolino Â, Alves-Leon SV. Polymorphisms in the CIITA -168A/G (rs3087456) and CIITA +1614G/C (rs4774) may influence severity in multiple sclerosis patients. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2019; 77:166-173. [PMID: 30970129 DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x20190026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
It is currently unknown how genetic factors may influence the clinical course of multiple sclerosis (MS). OBJECTIVE We examined the impact of CIITA polymorphisms -168A/G (rs3087456) and +1614G/C (rs4774) on the risk of disability progression, severity and on responses to first-line immunomodulator treatments. METHODS Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples. We used ABI3730xl and GeneMapper v.4.0 software to identify genotype variations. All patients were followed up and clinically reassessed at three-month intervals. Disability progression was measured by the Expanded Disability Status Scale and disease severity by the Multiple Sclerosis Spasticity Scale (MSSS). RESULTS We included 37 men and 80 women. We found no evidence regarding the influence of the single nucleotide polymorphisms studied in the Expanded Disability Status Scale or therapeutic response of the evaluated drugs. We performed a logistic regression analysis with the MSSS and found that a less severe MS course was associated with wild type CIITA -168AA and CIITA +1614GG, as the chance of the patient progressing to MSSS2 and MSSS3 decreased in 61% and 75% with CIITA -168AA and 66% and 75% with CIITA +1614GG, respectively (p < 0.0001). Although less significant, the CIITA +1614 GC also pointed to a less severe MS course and the chance of the patient progressing to MSSS3 decreased 79% (p = 0.015). We also observed that the CIITA -168GG genotype was more frequent in MSSS2 and MSSS3 and had 40% lower odds ratio to becoming more severe MS. CONCLUSION These data suggest that CIITA -168AA, CIITA +1614GG and CIITA +1614 GC polymorphisms may be associated with a better MS clinical course. This knowledge may be useful for a better understanding of MS and its therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabrícia Lima Fontes-Dantas
- Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Neurociências Translacional, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurologia, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brasil
| | - Eduardo Ribeiro Paradela
- Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Neurociências Translacional, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurologia, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brasil
| | | | | | - Letícia Fêzer Mansur
- Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Neurociências Translacional, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurologia, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brasil
| | - Ronir Raggio Luiz
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Neurologia, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brasil
| | - André Peres De Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Neurociências Translacional, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurologia, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brasil
| | - João Gabriel Dib Farinhas
- Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Neurociências Translacional, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurologia, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brasil
| | - Ângelo Maiolino
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Neurologia, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brasil
| | - Soniza Vieira Alves-Leon
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Neurologia, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brasil.,Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Neurociências Translacional, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurologia, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brasil
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Expression and activity of hydrogen sulfide generating enzymes in murine macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:2791-2798. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04725-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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48
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Djedovic N, Mansilla MJ, Jevtić B, Navarro-Barriuso J, Saksida T, Martínez-Cáceres EM, Miljković Ð. Ethyl Pyruvate Induces Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:157. [PMID: 30792716 PMCID: PMC6374627 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen presenting cells that have a key role in shaping the immune response. Tolerogenic DC (tolDC) have immuno-regulatory properties and they are a promising prospective therapy for multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases. Ethyl pyruvate (EP) is a redox analog of dimethyl fumarate (Tecfidera), a drug for multiple sclerosis treatment. We have recently shown that EP ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a multiple sclerosis murine model. Here, we expanded our study to its tolerogenic effects on DC. Phenotypic analysis has shown that DC obtained from mice or humans reduce expression of molecules required for T cell activation such as CD86, CD83, and HLA-DR under the influence of EP, while CD11c expression and viability of DC are not affected. Furthermore, EP-treated DC restrain proliferation and modulate cytokine production of allogeneic lymphocytes. These results demonstrate that EP has the ability to direct DC toward tolDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Djedovic
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - María José Mansilla
- Immunology Division, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital and Research Institute, Badalona, Spain.,Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Bojan Jevtić
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Juan Navarro-Barriuso
- Immunology Division, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital and Research Institute, Badalona, Spain.,Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Tamara Saksida
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Eva M Martínez-Cáceres
- Immunology Division, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital and Research Institute, Badalona, Spain.,Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Ðorđe Miljković
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Taherian M, Mahin Samadi P, Rastegar H, Faramarzi MA, Rostami-Nejad M, Yazdi MH, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Yazdi Z. An Overview on Probiotics as an Alternative Strategy for Prevention and Treatment of Human Diseases. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2019; 18:31-50. [PMID: 32802088 PMCID: PMC7393061 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2020.112232.13620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics are viable and useful microorganisms, which are beneficial factors for human and animal health by altering their microbial flora. Most of the probiotics belong to a large group of bacteria in the human gastrointestinal tract. There are several clinical shreds of evidence that show anti-carcinogenic effects of probiotics through altering digestive enzymes, inhibition of carcinogenic agents, and modulating the immune responses in experimental animals. Many studies have been performed to evaluate the potential effectiveness of probiotics in treating or preventing neurological diseases such as MS and novel treatment modality for T1D. The purpose of this study is to have an overview on probiotic microorganisms and to review the previous researches on the effects of probiotics on health through currently available literatures. The study was performed using following keywords; Probiotics, Cancer, Immune system, Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Diabetes mellitus. PubMed/Medline, Clinicaltrials.gov, Ovid, Google Scholar, and Reaxcys databases used to find the full text of related articles. According to the current available data on probiotics and related health-promoting benefits, it seems that, consumption of probiotics can lead to the prevention and reduction the risk of cancer, diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. Although for the better and more decisive conclusion, there is a need to larger sample size clinical studies with more focus on the safety of these biological agents and their possible beneficial effects on different population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Taherian
- Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Iran Food and Drug Organization (FDO), Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOH), Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Pariya Mahin Samadi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hossein Rastegar
- Food and Drug Cosmetic Research Center, Iran Food and Drug Organization (FDO), Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOH), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ali Faramarzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Rostami-Nejad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hossein Yazdi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Recombinant Vaccine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Evidence-based Evaluation of Cost-Effectiveness and Clinical Outcomes, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zeinab Yazdi
- Department of Medicine and epidemiology, School of veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA.
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50
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Papaneophytou CP, Georgiou E, Karaiskos C, Sargiannidou I, Markoullis K, Freidin MM, Abrams CK, Kleopa KA. Regulatory role of oligodendrocyte gap junctions in inflammatory demyelination. Glia 2018; 66:2589-2603. [PMID: 30325069 PMCID: PMC6519212 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Gap junctions (GJs) coupling oligodendrocytes to astrocytes and to other oligodendrocytes are formed mainly by connexin47 (Cx47) and a smaller portion by connexin32 (Cx32). Mutations in both connexins cause inherited demyelinating disorders, but their expression is also disrupted in multiple sclerosis (MS). To clarify whether the loss of either Cx47 or Cx32 could modify the outcome of inflammation and myelin loss, we induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in fully backcrossed Cx32 knockout (KO) and Cx47KO mice and compared their outcome with wild type (WT, C57BI/6 N) mice. Cx47KO EAE mice developed the most severe phenotype assessed by clinical scores and behavioral testing, followed by Cx32KO and WT mice. Cx47KO more than Cx32KO EAE mice developed more microglial activation, myelin, and axonal loss than did WT mice. Oligodendrocyte apoptosis and precursor proliferation was also higher in Cx47KO than in Cx32KO or WT EAE mice. Similarly, blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) disruption and inflammatory infiltrates of macrophages, T- and B-cells were more severe in Cx47KO than either Cx32KO or WT EAE groups. Finally, expression profiling revealed that several proinflammatory cytokines were higher at the peak of inflammation in the Cx47KO mice and persisted at later stages of EAE in contrast to reduction of their levels in WT EAE mice. Thus, loss of oligodendrocyte GJs aggravates BSCB disruption and inflammatory myelin loss, likely due to dysregulation of proinflammatory cytokines. This mechanism may play an important role in MS brain with reduced connexin expression, as well as in patients with inherited mutations in oligodendrocyte connexins and secondary inflammation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Astrocytes/metabolism
- Astrocytes/pathology
- Blood-Brain Barrier/drug effects
- Blood-Brain Barrier/physiopathology
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation/genetics
- Connexins/genetics
- Connexins/metabolism
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/chemically induced
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/physiopathology
- Freund's Adjuvant/toxicity
- Gap Junctions/metabolism
- Gap Junctions/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation/physiology
- Hand Strength/physiology
- Macrophages/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Microfilament Proteins/metabolism
- Motor Activity/drug effects
- Motor Activity/genetics
- Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein/toxicity
- Oligodendroglia/metabolism
- Oligodendroglia/pathology
- Peptide Fragments/toxicity
- Gap Junction beta-1 Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos P. Papaneophytou
- Neuroscience LaboratoryThe Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics and Cyprus School of Molecular MedicineNicosiaCyprus
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, School of Sciences and EngineeringUniversity of NicosiaNicosiaCyprus
| | - Elena Georgiou
- Neuroscience LaboratoryThe Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics and Cyprus School of Molecular MedicineNicosiaCyprus
| | - Christos Karaiskos
- Neuroscience LaboratoryThe Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics and Cyprus School of Molecular MedicineNicosiaCyprus
| | - Irene Sargiannidou
- Neuroscience LaboratoryThe Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics and Cyprus School of Molecular MedicineNicosiaCyprus
| | - Kyriaki Markoullis
- Neuroscience LaboratoryThe Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics and Cyprus School of Molecular MedicineNicosiaCyprus
| | - Mona M. Freidin
- Department of Neurology and RehabilitationUniversity of Illinois ChicagoChicagoIllinois
| | - Charles K. Abrams
- Department of Neurology and RehabilitationUniversity of Illinois ChicagoChicagoIllinois
| | - Kleopas A. Kleopa
- Neuroscience LaboratoryThe Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics and Cyprus School of Molecular MedicineNicosiaCyprus
- Neurology Clinics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics and Cyprus School of Molecular MedicineNicosiaCyprus
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