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Kumar R, Mishra N, Tran T, Kumar M, Vijayaraghavalu S, Gurusamy N. Emerging Strategies in Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Cardiovascular Therapeutics. Cells 2024; 13:855. [PMID: 38786076 PMCID: PMC11120430 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases continue to challenge global health, demanding innovative therapeutic solutions. This review delves into the transformative role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in advancing cardiovascular therapeutics. Beginning with a historical perspective, we trace the development of stem cell research related to cardiovascular diseases, highlighting foundational therapeutic approaches and the evolution of cell-based treatments. Recognizing the inherent challenges of MSC-based cardiovascular therapeutics, which range from understanding the pro-reparative activity of MSCs to tailoring patient-specific treatments, we emphasize the need to refine the pro-regenerative capacity of these cells. Crucially, our focus then shifts to the strategies of the fourth generation of cell-based therapies: leveraging the secretomic prowess of MSCs, particularly the role of extracellular vesicles; integrating biocompatible scaffolds and artificial sheets to amplify MSCs' potential; adopting three-dimensional ex vivo propagation tailored to specific tissue niches; harnessing the promise of genetic modifications for targeted tissue repair; and institutionalizing good manufacturing practice protocols to ensure therapeutic safety and efficacy. We conclude with reflections on these advancements, envisaging a future landscape redefined by MSCs in cardiovascular regeneration. This review offers both a consolidation of our current understanding and a view toward imminent therapeutic horizons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishabh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Nitin Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Talan Tran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Munish Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | | | - Narasimman Gurusamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
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2
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Yasan GT, Gunel-Ozcan A. Hypoxia and Hypoxia Mimetic Agents As Potential Priming Approaches to Empower Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:33-54. [PMID: 36642875 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x18666230113143234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) exhibit self-renewal capacity and multilineage differentiation potential, making them attractive for research and clinical application. The properties of MSC can vary depending on specific micro-environmental factors. MSC resides in specific niches with low oxygen concentrations, where oxygen functions as a metabolic substrate and a signaling molecule. Conventional physical incubators or chemically hypoxia mimetic agents are applied in cultures to mimic the original low oxygen tension settings where MSC originated. This review aims to focus on the current knowledge of the effects of various physical hypoxic conditions and widely used hypoxia-mimetic agents-PHD inhibitors on mesenchymal stem cells at a cellular and molecular level, including proliferation, stemness, differentiation, viability, apoptosis, senescence, migration, immunomodulation behaviors, as well as epigenetic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aysen Gunel-Ozcan
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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3
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Fleischhammer TM, Dienemann S, Ulber N, Pepelanova I, Lavrentieva A. Detection of Hypoxia in 2D and 3D Cell Culture Systems Using Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Hypoxia Sensors. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2755:31-48. [PMID: 38319567 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3633-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
In vivo oxygen availability varies widely between cellular microenvironments, depending on the tissue of origin and its cellular niche. It has long been known that too high or too low oxygen concentrations can act as a biological stressor. Thus, the precise control of oxygen availability should be a consideration for cell culture optimization, especially in the field of three-dimensional (3D) cell culture. In this chapter, we describe a system for visualizing oxygen limitations at a cellular level using human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAD-MSCs) that were genetically modified to express a fluorescent hypoxia sensor. This sensor can detect the activation of hypoxia-induced factors (HIF) transcription factors that lead to the expression of the oxygen-independent fluorescent protein, UnaG, at low oxygen concentrations. The response of these hypoxia reporter cells can be evaluated in two-dimensional (2D) and 3D cultivation platforms during exposure to hypoxia (1% O2) and normoxia (21% O2) using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. We show that hypoxia reporter MSCs exhibit a hypoxia-induced fluorescence signal in both 2D and 3D cultivation platforms with fast decay kinetics after reoxygenation, rendering it a valuable tool for studying the cellular microenvironment and regenerative potential of hAD-MSCs in an in vivo-like setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Dienemann
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hanover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Nico Ulber
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hanover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Iliyana Pepelanova
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hanover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Antonina Lavrentieva
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hanover, Hanover, Germany.
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4
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Vizoso FJ, Costa LA, Eiro N. New era of mesenchymal stem cell-based medicine: basis, challenges and prospects. Rev Clin Esp 2023; 223:619-628. [PMID: 38000623 DOI: 10.1016/j.rceng.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells of mesenchymal origin (MSC) arouse special interest due to their regenerative, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidative stress, antitumor or antimicrobial properties. However, its implementation in the clinic runs into drawbacks of cell therapy (immunological incompatibility, tumor formation, possible transmission of infections, entry into cellular senescence, difficult evaluation of safety, dose and potency; complex storage conditions, high economic cost or impractical clinical use). Considering that the positive effects of MSC are due, to a large extent, to the paracrine effects mediated by the set of substances they secrete (growth factors, cytokines, chemokines or microvesicles), the in vitro obtaining of these biological products makes possible a medicine cell-free regenerative therapy without the drawbacks of cell therapy. However, this new therapeutic innovation implies challenges, such as the recognition of the biological heterogeneity of MSC and the optimization and standardization of their secretome.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Vizoso
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Gijón, Spain; Servicio de Cirugía, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Gijón, Spain.
| | - L A Costa
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Gijón, Spain
| | - N Eiro
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Gijón, Spain.
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5
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Dirat B, Samouillan V, Dandurand J, Gardou JP, Walter V, Santran V. Positive effects of hypoxic preconditioning of the extracellular matrix and stromal vascular fraction from adipose tissue. JPRAS Open 2023; 38:173-185. [PMID: 37920282 PMCID: PMC10618624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpra.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous approaches have been developed to decelerate the aging process of facial skin. Synthetic fillers and cell-enriched fat grafts are the main procedures employed to fill wrinkles. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo safety and efficiency of a new process developed by SYMBIOKEN: the AmeaCell, which facilitates the extraction of the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) and the associated hypoxia pre-conditioned matrix to promote fat graft survival. Methods The AmeaCell device allows the extraction from adipose tissue of SVF and pre-conditioned MatriCS and promotes a hypoxic environment. Experiments were carried out on human cells and then in mice. Results Characterization of cells and MatriCS showed that after their extraction using the new process developed by SYMBIOKEN, the extracted cells expressed stem-cell markers. The presence of characteristic proteins and lipid fractions found in the adipose matrix were confirmed in MatriCS. Cobalt chloride treatment of the matrix using the AmeaCell device induced modifications in the matrix composition with a decrease in laminin and without collagen modification, both of which promote adhesion and differentiation of SVF or adipose-derived stromal cells. The combination of MatriCS and SVF (1 × 106 and 5 × 106, respectively) is safe and efficient to fill winkles induced by UVB irradiation. The cross-talk between MatriCS and SVF can act a durable filler compared to the filling performed using cells or matrix or fat alone, which need to be replaced frequently. Conclusion These results indicate that the combination of MatriCS and SVF is safe and effective as a biological filler for achieving skin rejuvenation and wrinkle filling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Dirat
- SYMBIOKEN, 42 avenue du Général de Croutte, 31100 Toulouse, France
| | - Valérie Samouillan
- PHYPOL, CIRIMAT, Institut Carnot Chimie Balard CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Jany Dandurand
- PHYPOL, CIRIMAT, Institut Carnot Chimie Balard CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Gardou
- LAPLACE, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Valérie Walter
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Clinique la Croix du Sud, 31130 Quint Fonsegrive, France
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6
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Luo M, Wang H, Zhang J, Yixi K, Shu S, Fu C, Zhong J, Peng W. IMF deposition ceRNA network analysis and functional study of HIF1a in yak. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1272238. [PMID: 37915947 PMCID: PMC10616239 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1272238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The concentration of intramuscular fat (IMF) is a crucial determinant of yak meat quality. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate IMF in yak remain largely elusive. In our study, we conducted transcriptome sequencing on the longissimus dorsi muscle tissues of yaks with varying IMF contents. We then filtered differentially expressed genes (DEGs), microRNAs (DEMs), and long non-coding RNAs (DELs) to elucidate potential regulatory pathways of adipogenesis in yaks. Overall, our research sheds light on an array of potential mRNAs and noncoding RNAs implicated in IMF deposition and elaborates on the role of HIF1α in yaks. These findings contribute valuable insights that can serve as a guide for further research into the molecular mechanisms governing IMF deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengning Luo
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Kangzhu Yixi
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shi Shu
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Changqi Fu
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Jincheng Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
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Ouzin M, Kogler G. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Heterogeneity and Therapeutical Applications. Cells 2023; 12:2039. [PMID: 37626848 PMCID: PMC10453316 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells nowadays emerge as a major player in the field of regenerative medicine and translational research. They constitute, with their derived products, the most frequently used cell type in different therapies. However, their heterogeneity, including different subpopulations, the anatomic source of isolation, and high donor-to-donor variability, constitutes a major controversial issue that affects their use in clinical applications. Furthermore, the intrinsic and extrinsic molecular mechanisms underlying their self-renewal and fate specification are still not completely elucidated. This review dissects the different heterogeneity aspects of the tissue source associated with a distinct developmental origin that need to be considered when generating homogenous products before their usage for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Ouzin
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
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8
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Evaluation of the Impact of Pregnancy-Associated Factors on the Quality of Wharton's Jelly-Derived Stem Cells Using SOX2 Gene Expression as a Marker. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147630. [PMID: 35886978 PMCID: PMC9317592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
SOX2 is a recognized pluripotent transcription factor involved in stem cell homeostasis, self-renewal and reprogramming. It belongs to, one of the SRY-related HMG-box (SOX) family of transcription factors, taking part in the regulation of embryonic development and determination of cell fate. Among other functions, SOX2 promotes proliferation, survival, invasion, metastasis, cancer stemness, and drug resistance. SOX2 interacts with other transcription factors in multiple signaling pathways to control growth and survival. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of a parturient’s age, umbilical cord blood pH and length of pregnancy on the quality of stem cells derived from Wharton’s jelly (WJSC) by looking at birth weight and using SOX2 gene expression as a marker. Using qPCR the authors, evaluated the expression of SOX2 in WJSC acquired from the umbilical cords of 30 women right after the delivery. The results showed a significant correlation between the birth weight and the expression of SOX2 in WJSC in relation to maternal age, umbilical cord blood pH, and the length of pregnancy. The authors observed that the younger the woman and the lower the umbilical cord blood pH, the earlier the delivery occurs, the lower the birth weight and the higher SOX2 gene expression in WJSC. In research studies and clinical applications of regenerative medicine utilizing mesenchymal stem cells derived from Wharton’s Jelly of the umbilical cord, assessment of maternal and embryonic factors influencing the quality of cells is critical.
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9
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Li M, Jiang Y, Hou Q, Zhao Y, Zhong L, Fu X. Potential pre-activation strategies for improving therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells: current status and future prospects. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:146. [PMID: 35379361 PMCID: PMC8981790 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02822-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy has been considered as a promising approach targeting a variety of intractable diseases due to remarkable multiple effect of MSCs, such as multilineage differentiation, immunomodulatory property, and pro-regenerative capacity. However, poor engraftment, low survival rate of transplanted MSC, and impaired donor-MSC potency under host age/disease result in unsatisfactory therapeutic outcomes. Enhancement strategies, including genetic manipulation, pre-activation, and modification of culture method, have been investigated to generate highly functional MSC, and approaches for MSC pre-activation are highlighted. In this review, we summarized the current approaches of MSC pre-activation and further classified, analysed the scientific principles and main characteristics of these manipulations, and described the pros and cons of individual pre-activation strategies. We also discuss the specialized tactics to solve the challenges in this promising field so that it improves MSC therapeutic functions to serve patients better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirong Li
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, China. .,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, China. .,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 2019RU051, Beijing, China.
| | - Yufeng Jiang
- Wound Repairing Department, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qian Hou
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, China.,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, China.,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 2019RU051, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Trauma Treatment Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Hainan Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Lingzhi Zhong
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, China.,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, China.,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 2019RU051, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, China. .,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, China. .,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 2019RU051, Beijing, China.
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10
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Hypoxia, a dynamic tool to amplify the gingival mesenchymal stem cells potential for neurotrophic factor secretion. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:3568-3576. [PMID: 35844419 PMCID: PMC9280216 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) have significant regenerative potential. Their potential applications range from the treatment of inflammatory diseases, wound healing, and oral disorders. Preconditioning these stem cells can optimize their biological properties. Hypoxia preconditioning of MSCs improves stem cell properties like proliferation, survival, and differentiation potential. This research explored the possible impact of hypoxia on the pluripotent stem cell properties that GMSCs possess. We evaluated the morphology, stemness, neurotrophic factors, and stemness-related genes. We compared the protein levels of secreted neurotrophic factors between normoxic and hypoxic GMSC-conditioned media (GMSC-CM). Results revealed that hypoxic cultured GMSC’s had augmented expression of neurotrophic factors BDNF, GDNF, VEGF, and IGF1 and stemness-related gene NANOG. Hypoxic GMSCs showed decreased expression of the OCT4 gene. In hypoxic GMSC-CM, the neurotrophic factors secretions were significantly higher than normoxic GMSC-CM. Our data demonstrate that culturing of GMSCs in hypoxia enhances the secretion of neurotrophic factors that can lead to neuronal lineage differentiation.
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11
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Wang P, Zhu P, Yu C, Wu J. The Proliferation and Stemness of Peripheral Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Were Enhanced by Hypoxia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:873662. [PMID: 35634504 PMCID: PMC9134856 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.873662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to address the dilemma of low peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cell (PBMSC) activity and reduced phenotype in bone or cartilage tissue engineering. Rat PBMSCs (rPBMSCs) were obtained by density gradient centrifugation, and stromal cell characteristics were confirmed by flow cytometry (FCM) and multi-differentiation potential induction experiments. Cell growth curve, viability experiments, and clone formation experiments were performed by [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium] (MTS) and cell counting, and the cell cycle was confirmed by cell FCM. The proliferation signal pathway and stemness-related proteins were detected by molecular methods including Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction. CD73, CD90, and CD105 were highly expressed, and CD14, CD19, CD34, CD45, and HLA-DR were barely expressed in rPBMSCs. rPBMSCs possessed the potential to differentiate into chondrocytes, adipocytes, and osteoblasts under their respective induction conditions. Cell growth curve and viability experiments were performed under hypoxic conditions: 19% O2, 5% O2, and 1% O2. Specifically, 5% O2 accelerated the proliferation and expression of the stemness of PBMSCs. Cycle experiments proved that hypoxia promoted the cell transition from the G1 phase to the S phase. Molecular experiments confirmed that 5% O2 hypoxia significantly elevated the expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and β-catenin and simultaneously the expressions of cycle-related genes including CyclinE/CDK2 and stemness-related genes including Nanog and SOX2. The appropriate concentration of hypoxia (i.e., 5% O2) enhanced the proliferation and stemness of rPBMSCs and increased the multidirectional differentiation potential of stromal cells. The proposed culture method could improve the viability and maintain the phenotype of rPBMSCs in cartilage or bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengzhen Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Pengzhen Wang,
| | - Pingping Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaosheng Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangzhou Red Cross Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangzhou Red Cross Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Choudhery MS. Strategies to improve regenerative potential of mesenchymal stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1845-1862. [PMID: 35069986 PMCID: PMC8727227 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i12.1845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, stem cell-based therapies have gained attention worldwide for various diseases and disorders. Adult stem cells, particularly mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), are preferred due to their significant regenerative potential in cellular therapies and are currently involved in hundreds of clinical trials. Although MSCs have high self-renewal as well as differentiation potential, such abilities are compromised with “advanced age” and “disease status” of the donor. Similarly, cell-based therapies require high cell number for clinical applications that often require in vitro expansion of cells. It is pertinent to note that aged individuals are the main segment of population for stem cell-based therapies, however; autologous use of stem cells for such patients (aged and diseased) does not seem to give optimal results due to their compromised potential. In vitro expansion to obtain large numbers of cells also negatively affects the regenerative potential of MSCs. It is therefore essential to improve the regenerative potential of stem cells compromised due to “in vitro expansion”, “donor age” and “donor disease status” for their successful autologous use. The current review has been organized to address the age and disease depleted function of resident adult stem cells, and the strategies to improve their potential. To combat the problem of decline in the regenerative potential of cells, this review focuses on the strategies that manipulate the cell environment such as hypoxia, heat shock, caloric restriction and preconditioning with different factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood S Choudhery
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, King Edward Medical University, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 54600, Punjab, Pakistan
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13
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Jeannerat A, Peneveyre C, Armand F, Chiappe D, Hamelin R, Scaletta C, Hirt-Burri N, de Buys Roessingh A, Raffoul W, Applegate LA, Laurent A. Hypoxic Incubation Conditions for Optimized Manufacture of Tenocyte-Based Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients of Homologous Standardized Transplant Products in Tendon Regenerative Medicine. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112872. [PMID: 34831095 PMCID: PMC8616528 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human fetal progenitor tenocytes (hFPT) produced in defined cell bank systems have recently been characterized and qualified as potential therapeutic cell sources in tendon regenerative medicine. In view of further developing the manufacture processes of such cell-based active pharmaceutical ingredients (API), the effects of hypoxic in vitro culture expansion on key cellular characteristics or process parameters were evaluated. To this end, multiple aspects were comparatively assessed in normoxic incubation (i.e., 5% CO2 and 21% O2, standard conditions) or in hypoxic incubation (i.e., 5% CO2 and 2% O2, optimized conditions). Experimentally investigated parameters and endpoints included cellular proliferation, cellular morphology and size distribution, cell surface marker panels, cell susceptibility toward adipogenic and osteogenic induction, while relative protein expression levels were analyzed by quantitative mass spectrometry. The results outlined conserved critical cellular characteristics (i.e., cell surface marker panels, cellular phenotype under chemical induction) and modified key cellular parameters (i.e., cell size distribution, endpoint cell yields, matrix protein contents) potentially procuring tangible benefits for next-generation cell manufacturing workflows. Specific proteomic analyses further shed some light on the cellular effects of hypoxia, potentially orienting further hFPT processing for cell-based, cell-free API manufacture. Overall, this study indicated that hypoxic incubation impacts specific hFPT key properties while preserving critical quality attributes (i.e., as compared to normoxic incubation), enabling efficient manufacture of tenocyte-based APIs for homologous standardized transplant products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annick Jeannerat
- Applied Research Department, LAM Biotechnologies SA, CH-1066 Épalinges, Switzerland; (A.J.); (C.P.)
| | - Cédric Peneveyre
- Applied Research Department, LAM Biotechnologies SA, CH-1066 Épalinges, Switzerland; (A.J.); (C.P.)
| | - Florence Armand
- Proteomics Core Facility and Technology Platform, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (F.A.); (D.C.); (R.H.)
| | - Diego Chiappe
- Proteomics Core Facility and Technology Platform, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (F.A.); (D.C.); (R.H.)
| | - Romain Hamelin
- Proteomics Core Facility and Technology Platform, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (F.A.); (D.C.); (R.H.)
| | - Corinne Scaletta
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Épalinges, Switzerland; (C.S.); (N.H.-B.); (L.A.A.)
| | - Nathalie Hirt-Burri
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Épalinges, Switzerland; (C.S.); (N.H.-B.); (L.A.A.)
| | - Anthony de Buys Roessingh
- Children and Adolescent Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
- Lausanne Burn Center, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Wassim Raffoul
- Lausanne Burn Center, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
- Plastic, Reconstructive, and Hand Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lee Ann Applegate
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Épalinges, Switzerland; (C.S.); (N.H.-B.); (L.A.A.)
- Lausanne Burn Center, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
- Plastic, Reconstructive, and Hand Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Oxford OSCAR Suzhou Center, Oxford University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Alexis Laurent
- Applied Research Department, LAM Biotechnologies SA, CH-1066 Épalinges, Switzerland; (A.J.); (C.P.)
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Épalinges, Switzerland; (C.S.); (N.H.-B.); (L.A.A.)
- Manufacturing Department, TEC-PHARMA SA, CH-1038 Bercher, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-21-546-42-00
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14
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Čater M, Majdič G. In Vitro Culturing of Adult Stem Cells: The Importance of Serum and Atmospheric Oxygen. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1376:101-118. [PMID: 34426961 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Adult stem cells are undifferentiated cells found in many different tissues in the adult human and animal body and are thought to be important for replacing damaged and dead cells during life. Due to their differentiation abilities, they have significant potential for regeneration and consequently therapeutic potential in various medical conditions. Studies on in vitro cultivation of different types of adult stem cells have shown that they have specific requirements for optimal proliferation and stemness maintenance as well as induced differentiation. The main factors affecting the success of stem cell cultivation are the composition of the growth medium, including the presence of serum, temperature, humidity, and contact with other cells and the composition of the atmosphere in which the cells grow. In this chapter, we review the literature and describe our own experience regarding the influence of the presence of fetal bovine serum in the medium and the oxygen concentration in the atmosphere on the stemness maintenance and survival of adult stem cells from various tissue sources such as adipose tissue, muscle, brain, and testicular tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maša Čater
- Laboratory for Animal Genomics, Institute for Preclinical Studies, Veterinary faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Majdič
- Laboratory for Animal Genomics, Institute for Preclinical Studies, Veterinary faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. .,Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.
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15
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Di Mattia M, Mauro A, Citeroni MR, Dufrusine B, Peserico A, Russo V, Berardinelli P, Dainese E, Cimini A, Barboni B. Insight into Hypoxia Stemness Control. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082161. [PMID: 34440930 PMCID: PMC8394199 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the research on stemness and multilineage differentiation mechanisms has greatly increased its value due to the potential therapeutic impact of stem cell-based approaches. Stem cells modulate their self-renewing and differentiation capacities in response to endogenous and/or extrinsic factors that can control stem cell fate. One key factor controlling stem cell phenotype is oxygen (O2). Several pieces of evidence demonstrated that the complexity of reproducing O2 physiological tensions and gradients in culture is responsible for defective stem cell behavior in vitro and after transplantation. This evidence is still worsened by considering that stem cells are conventionally incubated under non-physiological air O2 tension (21%). Therefore, the study of mechanisms and signaling activated at lower O2 tension, such as those existing under native microenvironments (referred to as hypoxia), represent an effective strategy to define if O2 is essential in preserving naïve stemness potential as well as in modulating their differentiation. Starting from this premise, the goal of the present review is to report the status of the art about the link existing between hypoxia and stemness providing insight into the factors/molecules involved, to design targeted strategies that, recapitulating naïve O2 signals, enable towards the therapeutic use of stem cell for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Di Mattia
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.R.C.); (A.P.); (V.R.); (P.B.); (E.D.); (B.B.)
| | - Annunziata Mauro
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.R.C.); (A.P.); (V.R.); (P.B.); (E.D.); (B.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-086-1426-6888; Fax: +39-08-6126-6860
| | - Maria Rita Citeroni
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.R.C.); (A.P.); (V.R.); (P.B.); (E.D.); (B.B.)
| | - Beatrice Dufrusine
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Center of Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessia Peserico
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.R.C.); (A.P.); (V.R.); (P.B.); (E.D.); (B.B.)
| | - Valentina Russo
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.R.C.); (A.P.); (V.R.); (P.B.); (E.D.); (B.B.)
| | - Paolo Berardinelli
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.R.C.); (A.P.); (V.R.); (P.B.); (E.D.); (B.B.)
| | - Enrico Dainese
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.R.C.); (A.P.); (V.R.); (P.B.); (E.D.); (B.B.)
| | - Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Barbara Barboni
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.R.C.); (A.P.); (V.R.); (P.B.); (E.D.); (B.B.)
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16
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Characterization of Scleraxis and SRY-Box 9 from Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Culture Seeded with Enthesis Scaffold in Hypoxic Condition. JOURNAL OF BIOMIMETICS BIOMATERIALS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.52.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of mesenchymal stem cells can add local improvements potential to enthesis tissue regeneration based on tropical activity through secretions of growth factors, cytokines, and vesicles (e.g. exosomes), collectively known as secretomes. This study aims to analyze secretomes characterization from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells seeded with enthesis tissue scaffold in hypoxic conditions and to analyze the influence of hypoxic environment to the characterization of secretomes. This is an in-vitro study using a Randomized Control Group Post-Test Only design. This study using Adipose Stem Cells (ASCs) were cultured in hypoxia (Oxygen 5%) and Normoxia (21%) condition. The scaffolds are fresh-frozen enthesis tissue and was seeded in the treatment group and compared to control. The evaluation of Scleraxis (Scx) and SRY-box (Sox9) was measured using ELISA on the 2nd, 4th, and 6th days. Comparison of Scx levels between each evaluation time showed a positive trend in a group with scaffold in hypoxia condition although it has no significant differences (p=0.085), with the highest level on day 6, that is 13,568 ng/ml. Conversely, the comparison of Sox9 showed significant differences (p=0.02) in a group with scaffold in hypoxia condition, with the highest level on day 4, that is 28,250 ng/ml. The use of enthesis scaffold seeded in adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in hypoxic conditions shows a positive trend as regenerative effort of injured enthesis tissue through Scleraxis and Sox9 secretomes induction.
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17
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Hofmann E, Soppert J, Ruhl T, Gousopoulos E, Gerra S, Storti G, Tian Y, Brandhofer M, Schweizer R, Song SY, Lindenblatt N, Pallua N, Bernhagen J, Kim BS. The Role of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor in Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Under Hypoxia. Front Physiol 2021; 12:638448. [PMID: 34366876 PMCID: PMC8334873 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.638448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are multipotent mesenchymal stem cells characterized by their strong regenerative potential and low oxygen consumption. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a multifunctional chemokine-like cytokine that is involved in tissue hypoxia. MIF is not only a major immunomodulator but also is highly expressed in adipose tissue such as subcutaneous adipose tissue of chronic non-healing wounds. In the present study, we investigated the effect of hypoxia on MIF in ASCs isolated from healthy versus inflamed adipose tissue. Methods: Human ASCs were harvested from 17 patients (11 healthy adipose tissue samples, six specimens from chronic non-healing wounds). ASCs were treated in a hypoxia chamber at <1% oxygen. ASC viability, MIF secretion as well as expression levels of MIF, its receptor CD74, hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-1α (HIF-1α) and activation of the AKT and ERK signaling pathways were analyzed. The effect of recombinant MIF on the viability of ASCs was determined. Finally, the effect of MIF on the viability and production capacity of ASCs to produce the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β was determined upon treatment with recombinant MIF and/or a blocking MIF antibody. Results: Hypoxic treatment inhibited proliferation of ASCs derived from healthy or chronic non-healing wounds. ASCs from healthy adipose tissue samples were characterized by a low degree of MIF secretion during hypoxic challenge. In contrast, in ASCs from adipose tissue samples of chronic non-healing wounds, secretion and expression of MIF and CD74 expression were significantly elevated under hypoxia. This was accompanied by enhanced ERK signaling, while AKT signaling was not altered. Recombinant MIF did stimulate HIF-1α expression under hypoxia as well as AKT and ERK phosphorylation, while no effect on ASC viability was observed. Recombinant MIF significantly reduced the secretion of IL-1β under hypoxia and normoxia, and neutralizing MIF-antibodies diminished TNF-α and IL-1β release in hypoxic ASCs. Conclusions: Collectively, MIF did not affect the viability of ASCs from neither healthy donor site nor chronic wounds. Our results, however, suggest that MIF has an impact on the wound environment by modulating inflammatory factors such as IL-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Hofmann
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery-Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Josefin Soppert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Intensive Care and Intermediate Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim Ruhl
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery-Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Epameinondas Gousopoulos
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simona Gerra
- Chair of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriele Storti
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Yuan Tian
- Chair of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Brandhofer
- Chair of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Riccardo Schweizer
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Seung-Yong Song
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nicole Lindenblatt
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Pallua
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery-Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Aesthetic Elite International-Private Clinic, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bernhagen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Chair of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Bong-Sung Kim
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery-Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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18
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Isik B, Thaler R, Goksu BB, Conley SM, Al-Khafaji H, Mohan A, Afarideh M, Abumoawad AM, Zhu XY, Krier JD, Saadiq IM, Tang H, Eirin A, Hickson LJ, van Wijnen AJ, Textor SC, Lerman LO, Herrmann SM. Hypoxic preconditioning induces epigenetic changes and modifies swine mesenchymal stem cell angiogenesis and senescence in experimental atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:240. [PMID: 33853680 PMCID: PMC8048283 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02310-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS) is a risk factor for ischemic and hypertensive kidney disease (HKD) for which autologous mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) appears to be a promising therapy. However, MSCs from ARAS patients exhibit impaired function, senescence, and DNA damage, possibly due to epigenetic mechanisms. Hypoxia preconditioning (HPC) exerts beneficial effects on cellular proliferation, differentiation, and gene and protein expression. We hypothesized that HPC could influence MSC function and senescence in ARAS by epigenetic mechanisms and modulating gene expression of chromatin-modifying enzymes. METHODS Adipose-derived MSC harvested from healthy control (N = 8) and ARAS (N = 8) pigs were cultured under normoxia (20%O2) or hypoxia (1%O2) conditions. MSC function was assessed by migration, proliferation, and cytokine release in conditioned media. MSC senescence was evaluated by SA-β-gal activity. Specific pro-angiogenic and senescence genes were assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Dot blotting was used to measure global genome 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) levels on DNA and Western blotting of modified histone 3 (H3) proteins to quantify tri-methylated lysine-4 (H3K4me3), lysine-9 (H3K9me3), and lysine-27 (H3K27me3) residues. RESULTS Specific pro-angiogenic genes in ARAS assessed by RT-PCR were lower at baseline but increased under HPC, while pro-senescence genes were higher in ARAS at baseline as compared healthy MSCs. ARAS MSCs under basal conditions, displayed higher H3K4me3, H3K27me3, and 5hmC levels compared to healthy MSCs. During HPC, global 5hmC levels were decreased while no appreciable changes occurred in histone H3 tri-methylation. ARAS MSCs cultured under HPC had higher migratory and proliferative capacity as well as increased vascular endothelial growth factor and epidermal growth factor expression compared to normoxia, and SA-β-gal activity decreased in both animal groups. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that swine ARAS MSCs have decreased angiogenesis and increased senescence compared to healthy MSCs and that HPC mitigates MSC dysfunction, senescence, and DNA hydroxymethylation in ARAS MSC. Thus, HPC for MSCs may be considered for their optimization to improve autologous cell therapy in patients with nephropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busra Isik
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200, First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Roman Thaler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rochester, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, Rochester, USA
| | - Busra B Goksu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200, First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Sabena M Conley
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Hayder Al-Khafaji
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200, First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Arjunmohan Mohan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200, First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Mohsen Afarideh
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200, First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Abdelrhman M Abumoawad
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200, First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Xiang Y Zhu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200, First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - James D Krier
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200, First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Ishran M Saadiq
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200, First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Hui Tang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200, First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Alfonso Eirin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200, First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - LaTonya J Hickson
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rochester, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, Rochester, USA
| | - Stephen C Textor
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200, First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200, First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Sandra M Herrmann
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200, First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA.
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19
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Metabolomic Alteration of Oral Keratinocytes and Fibroblasts in Hypoxia. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10061156. [PMID: 33801898 PMCID: PMC8001958 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10061156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxygen concentration in normal human tissue under physiologic conditions is lower than the atmospheric oxygen concentration. The more hypoxic condition has been observed in the cells with wound healing and cancer. Somatic stem cells reside in a hypoxic microenvironment in vivo and prefer hypoxic culture conditions in vitro. Oral mucosa contains tissue-specific stem cells, which is an excellent tissue source for regenerative medicine. For clinical usage, maintaining the stem cell in cultured cells is important. We previously reported that hypoxic culture conditions maintained primary oral keratinocytes in an undifferentiated and quiescent state and enhanced their clonogenicity. However, the metabolic mechanism of these cells is unclear. Stem cell biological and pathological findings have shown that metabolic reprogramming is important in hypoxic culture conditions, but there has been no report on oral mucosal keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Herein, we conducted metabolomic analyses of oral mucosal keratinocytes and fibroblasts under hypoxic conditions. Hypoxic oral keratinocytes and fibroblasts showed a drastic change of metabolite concentrations in urea cycle metabolites and polyamine pathways. The changes of metabolic profiles in glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway under hypoxic conditions in the oral keratinocytes were consistent with those of other somatic stem cells. The metabolic profiles in oral fibroblasts showed only little changes in any pathway under hypoxia except for a significant increase in the antioxidant 2-oxoglutaric acid. This report firstly provides the holistic changes of various metabolic pathways of hypoxic cultured oral keratinocytes and fibroblasts.
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20
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Evaluation of Secretome Tenogenic Potential from Adipose Stem Cells (ACS) in Hypoxic Condition with Fresh Frozen Tendon Scaffold Using Scleraxis (Scx), Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) and Collagen Type 1. JOURNAL OF BIOMIMETICS BIOMATERIALS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.49.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Various studies have been conducted to see the scaffold that supports the regeneration of tendon. This study aims to analyze thein vitrosecretome tenogenic potential produced by ASCs culture with fresh frozen tendon scaffold in hypoxic conditions. ELISA tests for Scx and IGF-1 levels in secretome were obtained from ASC culture with fresh frozen tendon scaffold under normoxic (21%) and hypoxia (2%) conditions. The immunohistochemical examination of COL-1 was also carried out on the 2ndand 6thdays of cell culture. The secretion of Scx and IGF-1 was increased in secretome from ASC cultures using a fresh frozen tendon scaffold compared with those which did not (p <0.05). In the normoxia condition, Scx and IGF-1 in secretome with fresh frozen tendons had better results than hypoxic conditions (p <0.05). The highest Scx levels were obtained in culture on the 6thday (p <0.05), while the highest IGF-1 levels were obtained in the culture on the 2ndday (p <0.05). There was an increase in the secretion of Scx and IGF-1 from ASC cultures with fresh frozen tendon scaffold under the hypoxic condition of 2%.
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21
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Schmitz C, Pepelanova I, Seliktar D, Potekhina E, Belousov VV, Scheper T, Lavrentieva A. Live reporting for hypoxia: Hypoxia sensor-modified mesenchymal stem cells as in vitro reporters. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:3265-3276. [PMID: 32667700 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Natural oxygen gradients occur in tissues of biological organisms and also in the context of three-dimensional (3D) in vitro cultivation. Oxygen diffusion limitation and metabolic oxygen consumption by embedded cells produce areas of hypoxia in the tissue/matrix. However, reliable systems to detect oxygen gradients and cellular response to hypoxia in 3D cell culture systems are still missing. In this study, we developed a system for visualization of oxygen gradients in 3D using human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAD-MSCs) modified to stably express a fluorescent genetically engineered hypoxia sensor HRE-dUnaG. Modified cells retained their stem cell characteristics in terms of proliferation and differentiation capacity. The hypoxia-reporter cells were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry under variable oxygen levels (2.5%, 5%, and 7.5% O2 ). We demonstrated that reporter hAD-MSCs output is sensitive to different oxygen levels and displays fast decay kinetics after reoxygenation. Additionally, the reporter cells were encapsulated in bulk hydrogels with a variable cell number, to investigate the sensor response in model 3D cell culture applications. The use of hypoxia-reporting cells based on MSCs represents a valuable tool for approaching the genuine in vivo cellular microenvironment and will allow a better understanding of the regenerative potential of AD-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Schmitz
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Iliyana Pepelanova
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dror Seliktar
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Vsevolod V Belousov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Thomas Scheper
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Antonina Lavrentieva
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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22
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Costa LA, Eiro N, Fraile M, Gonzalez LO, Saá J, Garcia-Portabella P, Vega B, Schneider J, Vizoso FJ. Functional heterogeneity of mesenchymal stem cells from natural niches to culture conditions: implications for further clinical uses. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:447-467. [PMID: 32699947 PMCID: PMC7375036 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03600-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are present in all organs and tissues. Several studies have shown the therapeutic potential effect of MSC or their derived products. However, the functional heterogeneity of MSC constitutes an important barrier for transferring these capabilities to the clinic. MSC heterogeneity depends on their origin (biological niche) or the conditions of potential donors (age, diseases or unknown factors). It is accepted that many culture conditions of the artificial niche to which they are subjected, such as O2 tension, substrate and extracellular matrix cues, inflammatory stimuli or genetic manipulations can influence their resulting phenotype. Therefore, to attain a more personalized and precise medicine, a correct selection of MSC is mandatory, based on their functional potential, as well as the need to integrate all the existing information to achieve an optimal improvement of MSC features in the artificial niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Costa
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Avda. Eduardo Castro 161, 33920, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - Noemi Eiro
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Avda. Eduardo Castro 161, 33920, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - María Fraile
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Avda. Eduardo Castro 161, 33920, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - Luis O Gonzalez
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Avda. Eduardo Castro 161, 33920, Gijón, Asturias, Spain.,Department of Anatomical Pathology, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Gijón, Spain
| | - Jorge Saá
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Avda. Eduardo Castro 161, 33920, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - Pablo Garcia-Portabella
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Avda. Eduardo Castro 161, 33920, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - Belén Vega
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Avda. Eduardo Castro 161, 33920, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - José Schneider
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Vizoso
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Avda. Eduardo Castro 161, 33920, Gijón, Asturias, Spain.
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23
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Hwang OK, Noh YW, Hong JT, Lee JW. Hypoxia Pretreatment Promotes Chondrocyte Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells via Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 17:335-350. [PMID: 32451775 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-020-00265-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are attractive multipotent stem cell sources with therapeutic potential in various fields requiring repair and regeneration, such as acute and chronically damaged tissues. ADSC is suitable for cell-based therapy, but its use has been hampered due to poor survival after administration. Potential therapeutic use of ADSC requires mass production of cells through in vitro expansion. Many studies have consistently observed the tendency of senescence by mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) proliferation upon expansion. Hypoxia has been reported to improve stem cell proliferation and survival. METHODS We investigated the effects of hypoxia pretreatment on ADCS proliferation, migration capacity, differentiation potential and cytokine production. We also analyzed the effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of ADSCs by hypoxia pretreatment. RESULTS Hypoxia pretreatment increased the proliferation of ADSCs by increasing VEGF levels. Interestingly, hypoxia pretreatment significantly increased chondrogenic differentiation but decreased osteogenic differentiation compared to normoxia. The osteogenic differentiation of ADSC was decreased by the addition of VEGF but increased by the depletion of VEGF. We have shown that hypoxia pretreatment increases the chondrogenic differentiation of ADSCs while reducing osteogenic differentiation in a VEGF-dependent manner. CONCLUSION These results show that hypoxia pretreatment can provide useful information for studies that require selective inhibition of osteogenic differentiation, such as cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok Kyung Hwang
- New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea.,College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Woock Noh
- New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea.
| | - Je-Wook Lee
- New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Seo Y, Shin TH, Kim HS. Current Strategies to Enhance Adipose Stem Cell Function: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153827. [PMID: 31387282 PMCID: PMC6696067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) emerged as a promising therapeutic tool targeting a variety of inflammatory disorders due to their multiple remarkable properties, such as superior immunomodulatory function and tissue-regenerative capacity. Although bone marrow (BM) is a dominant source for adult MSCs, increasing evidence suggests that adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs), which can be easily obtained at a relatively high yield, have potent therapeutic advantages comparable with BM-MSCs. Despite its outstanding benefits in pre-clinical settings, the practical efficacy of ASCs remains controversial since clinical trials with ASC application often resulted in unsatisfactory outcomes. To overcome this challenge, scientists established several strategies to generate highly functional ASCs beyond the naïve cells, including (1) pre-conditioning of ASCs with various stimulants such as inflammatory agents, (2) genetic manipulation of ASCs and (3) modification of culture conditions with three-dimensional (3D) aggregate formation and hypoxic culture. Also, exosomes and other extracellular vesicles secreted from ASCs can be applied directly to recapitulate the beneficial performance of ASCs. This review summarizes the current strategies to improve the therapeutic features of ASCs for successful clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoojin Seo
- Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Department of Life Science in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Tae-Hoon Shin
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hyung-Sik Kim
- Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
- Department of Life Science in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
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25
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Banerjee A, Lindenmair A, Steinborn R, Dumitrescu SD, Hennerbichler S, Kozlov AV, Redl H, Wolbank S, Weidinger A. Oxygen Tension Strongly Influences Metabolic Parameters and the Release of Interleukin-6 of Human Amniotic Mesenchymal Stromal Cells In Vitro. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:9502451. [PMID: 30510589 PMCID: PMC6230389 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9502451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The human amniotic membrane (hAM) has been used for tissue regeneration for over a century. In vivo (in utero), cells of the hAM are exposed to low oxygen tension (1-4% oxygen), while the hAM is usually cultured in atmospheric, meaning high, oxygen tension (20% oxygen). We tested the influence of oxygen tensions on mitochondrial and inflammatory parameters of human amniotic mesenchymal stromal cells (hAMSCs). Freshly isolated hAMSCs were incubated for 4 days at 5% and 20% oxygen. We found 20% oxygen to strongly increase mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, especially in placental amniotic cells. Oxygen tension did not impact levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS); however, placental amniotic cells showed lower levels of ROS, independent of oxygen tension. In contrast, the release of nitric oxide was independent of the amniotic region but dependent on oxygen tension. Furthermore, IL-6 was significantly increased at 20% oxygen. To conclude, short-time cultivation at 20% oxygen of freshly isolated hAMSCs induced significant changes in mitochondrial function and release of IL-6. Depending on the therapeutic purpose, cultivation conditions of the cells should be chosen carefully for providing the best possible quality of cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Banerjee
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Donaueschingenstraße 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Lindenmair
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Garnisonstraße 21, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Ralf Steinborn
- Genomics Core Facility, VetCore, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sergiu Dan Dumitrescu
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Donaueschingenstraße 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simone Hennerbichler
- Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service for Upper Austria, Krankenhausstraße 7, 4017 Linz, Austria
| | - Andrey V. Kozlov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Donaueschingenstraße 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz Redl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Donaueschingenstraße 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Wolbank
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Donaueschingenstraße 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Adelheid Weidinger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Donaueschingenstraße 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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26
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Takahashi A, Nakajima H, Uchida K, Takeura N, Honjoh K, Watanabe S, Kitade M, Kokubo Y, Johnson WEB, Matsumine A. Comparison of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Isolated from Murine Adipose Tissue and Bone Marrow in the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:1126-1139. [PMID: 29947256 PMCID: PMC6158550 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718780309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) transplantation to repair the injured spinal cord has shown consistent benefits in preclinical models. However, the low survival rate of grafted MSC is one of the most important problems. In the injured spinal cord, transplanted cells are exposed to hypoxic conditions and exposed to nutritional deficiency caused by poor vascular supply. Also, the transplanted MSCs face cytotoxic stressors that cause cell death. The aim of this study was to compare adipose-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs) and bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) isolated from individual C57BL6/J mice in relation to: (i) cellular characteristics, (ii) tolerance to hypoxia, oxidative stress and serum-free conditions, and (iii) cellular survival rates after transplantation. AD-MSCs and BM-MSCs exhibited a similar cell surface marker profile, but expressed different levels of growth factors and cytokines. To research their relative stress tolerance, both types of stromal cells were incubated at 20.5% O2 or 1.0% O2 for 7 days. Results showed that AD-MSCs were more proliferative with greater culture viability under these hypoxic conditions than BM-MSCs. The MSCs were also incubated under H2O2-induced oxidative stress and in serum-free culture medium to induce stress. AD-MSCs were better able to tolerate these stress conditions than BM-MSCs; similarly when transplanted into the spinal cord injury region in vivo, AD-MSCs demonstrated a higher survival rate post transplantation Furthermore, this increased AD-MSC survival post transplantation was associated with preservation of axons and enhanced vascularization, as delineated by increases in anti-gamma isotype of protein kinase C and CD31 immunoreactivity, compared with the BM-MSC transplanted group. Hence, our results indicate that AD-MSCs are an attractive alternative to BM-MSCs for the treatment of severe spinal cord injury. However, it should be noted that the motor function was equally improved following moderate spinal cord injury in both groups, but with no significant improvement seen unfortunately following severe spinal cord injury in either group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Takahashi
- 1 Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nakajima
- 1 Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
| | - Kenzo Uchida
- 1 Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
| | - Naoto Takeura
- 1 Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
| | - Kazuya Honjoh
- 1 Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
| | - Shuji Watanabe
- 1 Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
| | - Makoto Kitade
- 1 Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kokubo
- 1 Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
| | - William E B Johnson
- 2 Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Life Sciences, University of Chester, Stem Cells and Regenerative Biology, Parkgate Road, Chester, UK
| | - Akihiko Matsumine
- 1 Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
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27
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Chen C, Tang Q, Zhang Y, Yu M, Jing W, Tian W. Physioxia: a more effective approach for culturing human adipose-derived stem cells for cell transplantation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:148. [PMID: 29793517 PMCID: PMC5968705 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0891-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although typically cultured at an atmospheric oxygen concentration (20–21%), adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) reside under considerable low oxygen tension (physioxia) in vivo. In the present study, we explored whether and how physioxia could be a more effective strategy for culturing ASCs for transplantation. Methods After isolation, human ASCs were cultured under physioxia (2% O2) and hyperoxia (20% O2) until assayed. WST-8, Transwell, tube formation, β-galactosidase staining, and annexin V-FITC/PI assays were used to evaluate cell proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, senescence, and apoptosis, respectively. Survivability was determined by an ischemia model in vitro and nude mouse model in vivo, and the underlying metabolic alterations were investigated by fluorescence staining, flow cytometry, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results Compared with those in the hyperoxia group, cells in the physioxia group exhibited increased proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis, and decreased senescence and apoptosis. The increased survival rate of ASCs cultured in physioxia was found both in ischemia model in vitro and in vivo. The underlying metabolic reprogramming was also monitored and showed decreased mitochondrial mass, alkalized intracellular pH, and increased glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis. Conclusions These results suggest that physioxia is a more effective environment in which to culture ASCs for transplantation owing to the maintenance of native bioactivities without injury by hyperoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China. .,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China. .,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Sun Z, Nair LS, Laurencin CT. The Paracrine Effect of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Inhibits IL-1β-induced Inflammation in Chondrogenic Cells through the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-018-0047-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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29
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Physiological Hypoxia Enhances Stemness Preservation, Proliferation, and Bidifferentiation of Induced Hepatic Stem Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:7618704. [PMID: 29643975 PMCID: PMC5831960 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7618704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Induced hepatic stem cells (iHepSCs) have great potential as donors for liver cell therapy due to their self-renewal and bipotential differentiation properties. However, the efficiency of bidifferentiation and repopulation efficiency of iHepSCs is relatively low. Recent evidence shows that physiological hypoxia, a vital factor within stem cell “niche” microenvironment, plays key roles in regulating tissue stem cell biological behaviors including proliferation and differentiation. In this study, we found that physiological hypoxia (10% O2) enhanced the stemness properties and promoted the proliferation ability of iHepSCs by accelerating G1/S transition via p53-p21 signaling pathway. In addition, short-term hypoxia preconditioning improved the efficiency of hepatic differentiation of iHepSCs, and long-term hypoxia promoted cholangiocytic differentiation but inhibited hepatic differentiation of iHepSCs. These results demonstrated the potential effects of hypoxia on stemness preservation, proliferation, and bidifferentiation of iHepSCs and promising perspective to explore appropriate culture conditions for therapeutic stem cells.
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30
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome: Toward Cell-Free Therapeutic Strategies in Regenerative Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091852. [PMID: 28841158 PMCID: PMC5618501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 739] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Earlier research primarily attributed the effects of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapies to their capacity for local engrafting and differentiating into multiple tissue types. However, recent studies have revealed that implanted cells do not survive for long, and that the benefits of MSC therapy could be due to the vast array of bioactive factors they produce, which play an important role in the regulation of key biologic processes. Secretome derivatives, such as conditioned media or exosomes, may present considerable advantages over cells for manufacturing, storage, handling, product shelf life and their potential as a ready-to-go biologic product. Nevertheless, regulatory requirements for manufacturing and quality control will be necessary to establish the safety and efficacy profile of these products. Among MSCs, human uterine cervical stem cells (hUCESCs) may be a good candidate for obtaining secretome-derived products. hUCESCs are obtained by Pap cervical smear, which is a less invasive and painful method than those used for obtaining other MSCs (for example, from bone marrow or adipose tissue). Moreover, due to easy isolation and a high proliferative rate, it is possible to obtain large amounts of hUCESCs or secretome-derived products for research and clinical use.
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31
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Andreeva ER, Udartseva OO, Zhidkova OV, Buravkov SV, Ezdakova MI, Buravkova LB. IFN‐gamma priming of adipose‐derived stromal cells at “physiological” hypoxia. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:1535-1547. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena R. Andreeva
- Cell Physiology LaboratoryInstitute of Biomedical ProblemsRussian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia
| | - Olga O. Udartseva
- Cell Physiology LaboratoryInstitute of Biomedical ProblemsRussian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia
| | - Olga V. Zhidkova
- Cell Physiology LaboratoryInstitute of Biomedical ProblemsRussian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia
| | | | - Maria I. Ezdakova
- Cell Physiology LaboratoryInstitute of Biomedical ProblemsRussian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia
| | - Ludmila B. Buravkova
- Cell Physiology LaboratoryInstitute of Biomedical ProblemsRussian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia
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32
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Hypoxia Enhances Cell Properties of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 14:595-604. [PMID: 30603513 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-017-0068-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atmospheric (in vitro) oxygen pressure is around 150 mm Hg (20% O2), whereas physiologic (in vivo) oxygen pressure ranges between 5 and 50 mm Hg (0.7-7% O2). The normoxic environment in cell culture does not refer to a physiological stem cell niche. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of oxygen concentration on cell properties of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). We analyzed cell proliferation rate, senescence, immunophenotype, stemness gene expression and differentiation potency with human urine stem cells (USCs), dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSCs), and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). USCs, DPSCs, AFSCs and BMSCs were cultured under either 5% O2 hypoxic or 20% O2 normoxic conditions for 5 days. MSCs cultured under hypoxia showed significantly increased proliferation rate and high percentage of S-phase cells, compared to normoxic condition. In real-time PCR assay, the cells cultured under hypoxia expressed higher level of Oct4, C-Myc, Nanog, Nestin and HIF-1α. In immunophenotype analysis, MSCs cultured under hypoxia maintained higher level of the MSC surface markers, and lower hematopoietic markers. Senescence was inhibited under hypoxia. Hypoxia enhances osteogenic differentiation efficiency compared to normoxia. Hypoxia showed enhanced cell proliferation rate, retention of stem cell properties, inhibition of senescence, and increased differentiation ability compared to normoxia.
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33
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Galeano-Garces C, Camilleri ET, Riester SM, Dudakovic A, Larson DR, Qu W, Smith J, Dietz AB, Im HJ, Krych AJ, Larson AN, Karperien M, van Wijnen AJ. Molecular Validation of Chondrogenic Differentiation and Hypoxia Responsiveness of Platelet-Lysate Expanded Adipose Tissue-Derived Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Cartilage 2017; 8:283-299. [PMID: 28618870 PMCID: PMC5625857 DOI: 10.1177/1947603516659344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the optimal environmental conditions for chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (AMSCs). In this investigation we specifically investigate the role of oxygen tension and 3-dimensional (3D) culture systems. DESIGN Both AMSCs and primary human chondrocytes were cultured for 21 days in chondrogenic media under normoxic (21% oxygen) or hypoxic (2% oxygen) conditions using 2 distinct 3D culture methods (high-density pellets and poly-ε-caprolactone [PCL] scaffolds). Histologic analysis of chondro-pellets and the expression of chondrocyte-related genes as measured by reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to evaluate the efficiency of differentiation. RESULTS AMSCs are capable of expressing established cartilage markers including COL2A1, ACAN, and DCN when grown in chondrogenic differentiation media as determined by gene expression and histologic analysis of cartilage markers. Expression of several cartilage-related genes was enhanced by low oxygen tension, including ACAN and HAPLN1. The pellet culture environment also promoted the expression of hypoxia-inducible cartilage markers compared with cells grown on 3D scaffolds. CONCLUSIONS Cell type-specific effects of low oxygen and 3D environments indicate that mesenchymal cell fate and differentiation potential is remarkably sensitive to oxygen. Genetic programming of AMSCs to a chondrocytic phenotype is effective under hypoxic conditions as evidenced by increased expression of cartilage-related biomarkers and biosynthesis of a glycosaminoglycan-positive matrix. Lower local oxygen levels within cartilage pellets may be a significant driver of chondrogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Galeano-Garces
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,Department of Developmental Bioengineering, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | | | - Scott M. Riester
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amel Dudakovic
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Dirk R. Larson
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Wenchun Qu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jay Smith
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Allan B. Dietz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hee-Jeong Im
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aaron J. Krych
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - A. Noelle Larson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Marcel Karperien
- Department of Developmental Bioengineering, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Andre J. van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,Andre J. van Wijnen, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Ratushnyy A, Lobanova M, Buravkova LB. Expansion of adipose tissue-derived stromal cells at "physiologic" hypoxia attenuates replicative senescence. Cell Biochem Funct 2017; 35:232-243. [PMID: 28589682 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells are considered as a perspective tool in cell therapy and regenerative medicine. Unfortunately, autologous cell therapy does not always provide positive outcomes in elder donors, perhaps as a result of the alterations of stem cell compartments. The mechanisms of stem and progenitor cell senescence and the factors engaged are investigated intensively. In present paper, we elucidated the effects of tissue-related O2 on morphology, functions, and transcriptomic profile of adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ASCs) in replicative senescence in vitro model. Replicatively senescent ASCs at ambient (20%) O2 (12-21 passages) demonstrated an increased average cell size, granularity, reactive oxygen species level, including anion superoxide, lysosomal compartment activity, and IL-6 production. Decreased ASC viability and proliferation, as well as the change of more than 10 senescence-associated gene expression were detected (IGF1, CDKN1C, ID1, CCND1, etc). Long-term ASC expansion at low O2 (5%) revoked in part the replicative senescence-associated alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Ratushnyy
- Lab. of Cell Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Problems of Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Margarita Lobanova
- Lab. of Cell Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Problems of Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ludmila B Buravkova
- Lab. of Cell Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Problems of Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
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35
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Gao P, Han P, Jiang D, Yang S, Cui Q, Li Z. Effects of the donor age on proliferation, senescence and osteogenic capacity of human urine-derived stem cells. Cytotechnology 2017; 69:751-763. [PMID: 28409292 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-017-0084-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the effects of the donor age on the application potential of human urine-derived stem cells (hUSCs) in bone tissue engineering, by comparing proliferation, senescence and osteogenic differentiation of hUSCs originated from volunteers with different ages. The urine samples were collected from 19 healthy volunteers (6 cases from children group aged from 5 to 14, 5 cases from middle-aged group aged from 30 to 40, and 8 cases from the elder group aged from 65 to 75), and hUSCs were isolated and cultured. The cell morphology was observed by microscope and the cell surface markers were identified by flow cytometry. Their abilities to undergo osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation were determined in vitro, and cell proliferation analyses were performed using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) Assay. The senescence of hUSCs among three groups was assessed by senescence-associated β galactosidase staining. After osteogenic differentiation, the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of hUSCs was measured and expression of osteogenic-related runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and osteocalcin (OCN) was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot. The hUSCs isolated from urine samples were adherent cells displayed "rice gain"-like and "spindle-shaped" morphology, expressing surface markers of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) (CD73, CD90, CD105) and the peripheral cell marker (CD146), but not hematopoietic stem cell markers (CD34, CD45) or the embryonic stem cell marker (OCT3/4). The obtained hUSCs could be induced into osteogenic, adipogenic or chondrogenic differentiation. The hUSCs from the children group showed higher proliferation and lower tendency to senescence than those from the middle-aged and elder groups. After osteogenic induction, the ALP activity and RUNX2 and OCN expression of hUSCs from the children group were higher than those from the elder group. While no significant differences were observed when comparing the middle-aged group with the children group or the elder group. Donor age could influence the potency of hUSCs on proliferation, senescence and capacity of osteogenic differentiation. hUSCs from children group have shown higher proliferation, lower tendency to senescence, and stronger osteogenic capacity, which means to be more suitable for basic research and have better clinical application. Furthermore, hUSCs from all groups suggest the application potential in bone tissue engineering as seed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Harbin Children's Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Peilin Han
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dapeng Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Shanghai Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shulong Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingbo Cui
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaozhu Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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Wan Safwani WKZ, Choi JR, Yong KW, Ting I, Mat Adenan NA, Pingguan-Murphy B. Hypoxia enhances the viability, growth and chondrogenic potential of cryopreserved human adipose-derived stem cells. Cryobiology 2017; 75:91-99. [PMID: 28108309 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cryopreservation is the only existing method of storage of human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) for clinical use. However, cryopreservation has been shown to be detrimental to ASCs, particularly in term of cell viability. To restore the viability of cryopreserved ASCs, it is proposed to culture the cells in a hypoxic condition. To this end, we aim to investigate the effect of hypoxia on the cryopreserved human ASCs in terms of not only cell viability, but also their growth and stemness properties, which have not been explored yet. In this study, human ASCs were cultured under four different conditions: fresh (non-cryopreserved) cells cultured in 1) normoxia (21% O2) and 2) hypoxia (2% O2) and cryopreserved cells cultured in 3) normoxia and 4) hypoxia. ASCs at passage 3 were subjected to assessment of viability, proliferation, differentiation, and expression of stemness markers and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α). We found that hypoxia enhances the viability and the proliferation rate of cryopreserved ASCs. Further, hypoxia upregulates HIF-1α in cryopreserved ASCs, which in turn activates chondrogenic genes to promote chondrogenic differentiation. In conclusion, hypoxic-preconditioned cryopreserved ASCs could be an ideal cell source for cartilage repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jane Ru Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Kar Wey Yong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Iris Ting
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noor Azmi Mat Adenan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Belinda Pingguan-Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Acute Hypoxic Stress Affects Migration Machinery of Tissue O 2-Adapted Adipose Stromal Cells. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:7260562. [PMID: 28115943 PMCID: PMC5225392 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7260562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of mesenchymal stromal (stem) cells (MSCs) to be mobilised from their local depot towards sites of injury and to participate in tissue repair makes these cells promising candidates for cell therapy. Physiological O2 tension in an MSC niche in vivo is about 4-7%. However, most in vitro studies of MSC functional activity are performed at 20% O2. Therefore, this study focused on the effects of short-term hypoxic stress (0.1% O2, 24 h) on adipose tissue-derived MSC motility at tissue-related O2 level. No significant changes in integrin expression were detected after short-term hypoxic stress. However, O2 deprivation provoked vimentin disassembly and actin polymerisation and increased cell stiffness. In addition, hypoxic stress induced the downregulation of ACTR3, DSTN, MACF1, MID1, MYPT1, NCK1, ROCK1, TIAM1, and WASF1 expression, the products of which are known to be involved in leading edge formation and cell translocation. These changes were accompanied by the attenuation of targeted and nontargeted migration of MSCs after short-term hypoxic exposure, as demonstrated in scratch and transwell migration assays. These results indicate that acute hypoxic stress can modulate MSC function in their native milieu, preventing their mobilisation from sites of injury.
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Ahmed NEMB, Murakami M, Kaneko S, Nakashima M. The effects of hypoxia on the stemness properties of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Sci Rep 2016; 6:35476. [PMID: 27739509 PMCID: PMC5064411 DOI: 10.1038/srep35476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that culture under hypoxia has beneficial effects on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, there are limitations to achieving a stable condition in conventional hypoxic CO2 incubators. DPSCs are a unique type of MSCs which are promising in many regenerative therapies. In this study, we investigated the ideal hypoxic culture environment for DPSCs using a new system that can provide controlled O2 environment. The effects of hypoxia (3%, 5%) on the stemness properties of DPSCs. Their morphology, proliferation rate, expression of stem cell markers, migration ability, mRNA expression of angiogenic/neurotrophic factors and immunomodulatory genes were evaluated and compared. Additionally, the effect of the discrete secretome on proliferation, migration, and neurogenic induction was assessed. Hypoxic DPSCs were found to be smaller in size and exhibited larger nuclei. 5% O2 significantly increased the proliferation rate, migration ability, expression of stem cell markers (CXCR4 and G-CSFR), and expression of SOX2, VEGF, NGF, and BDNF genes of DPSCs. Moreover, secretome collected from 5%O2 cultures displayed higher stimulatory effects on proliferation and migration of NIH3T3 cells and on neuronal differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells. These results demonstrate that 5%O2 may be ideal for enhancing DPSCs growth, stem cell properties, and secretome trophic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermeen El-Moataz Bellah Ahmed
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, Obu, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Oro-dental genetics, Division of Human Genetics and Human Genome, National research center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Masashi Murakami
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Satoru Kaneko
- Reproduction Center, Gynecology, Ichikawa General Hospital, Tokyo Dental College, Sugano, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Misako Nakashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, Obu, Aichi, Japan
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Chen X, Yan L, Guo Z, Chen Z, Chen Y, Li M, Huang C, Zhang X, Chen L. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells promote the survival of fat grafts via crosstalk between the Nrf2 and TLR4 pathways. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2369. [PMID: 27607584 PMCID: PMC5059864 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autologous fat grafting is an effective reconstructive surgery technique; however, its success is limited by inconsistent graft retention and an environment characterized by high oxidative stress and inflammation. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) increase the survival of fat grafts, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, TLR4−/− and Nrf2−/− mice were used to explore the effects of oxidative stress and inflammation on the viability and function of ADSCs in vitro and in vivo. Enrichment of fat grafts with ADSCs inhibited inflammatory cytokine production, enhanced growth factor levels, increased fat graft survival, downregulated NADPH oxidase (NOX)1 and 4 expression, increased vascularization and reduced ROS production in a manner dependent on toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that exposure to hypoxia enhanced ADSC growth and promoted the differentiation of ADSCs into vascular endothelial cells. Hypoxia-induced inflammatory cytokine, growth factor and NOX1/4 upregulation, as well as increased ROS production and apoptosis in ADSCs were dependent on TLR4 and Nrf2, which also modulated the effect of ADSCs on promoting endothelial progenitor cell migration and angiogenesis. Western blot analyses showed that the effects of hypoxia on ADSCs were regulated by crosstalk between Nrf2 antioxidant responses and NF-κB- and TLR4-mediated inflammatory responses. Taken together, our results indicate that ADSCs can increase the survival of fat transplants through the modulation of inflammatory and oxidative responses via Nrf2 and TLR4, suggesting potential strategies to improve the use of ADSCs for cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosong Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China.,Department of Stem Cell Research Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, China
| | - Liu Yan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China.,Department of Stem Cell Research Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, China
| | - Zhihui Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Zhaohong Chen
- Department of Burns Surgery, The Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China.,Department of Stem Cell Research Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Chushan Huang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Institution of Interventional and Vascular surgery, Tongji Univerity, No 301 Middle Yan Chang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Liangwan Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
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Pachón-Peña G, Serena C, Ejarque M, Petriz J, Duran X, Oliva-Olivera W, Simó R, Tinahones FJ, Fernández-Veledo S, Vendrell J. Obesity Determines the Immunophenotypic Profile and Functional Characteristics of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells From Adipose Tissue. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:464-75. [PMID: 26956208 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Adipose tissue is a major source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which possess a variety of properties that make them ideal candidates for regenerative and immunomodulatory therapies. Here, we compared the immunophenotypic profile of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) from lean and obese individuals, and explored its relationship with the apparent altered plasticity of hASCs. We also hypothesized that persistent hypoxia treatment of cultured hASCs may be necessary but not sufficient to drive significant changes in mature adipocytes. hASCs were obtained from subcutaneous adipose tissue of healthy, adult, female donors undergoing abdominal plastic surgery: lean (n=8; body mass index [BMI]: 23±1 kg/m2) and obese (n=8; BMI: 35±5 kg/m2). Cell surface marker expression, proliferation and migration capacity, and adipogenic differentiation potential of cultured hASCs at two different oxygen conditions were studied. Compared with lean-derived hASCs, obese-derived hASCs demonstrated increased proliferation and migration capacity but decreased lipid droplet accumulation, correlating with a higher expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-II and cluster of differentiation (CD) 106 and lower expression of CD29. Of interest, adipogenic differentiation modified CD106, CD49b, HLA-ABC surface protein expression, which was dependent on the donor's BMI. Additionally, low oxygen tension increased proliferation and migration of lean but not obese hASCs, which correlated with an altered CD36 and CD49b immunophenotypic profile. In summary, the differences observed in proliferation, migration, and differentiation capacity in obese hASCs occurred in parallel with changes in cell surface markers, both under basal conditions and during differentiation. Therefore, obesity is an important determinant of stem cell function independent of oxygen tension. SIGNIFICANCE The obesity-related hypoxic environment may have latent effects on human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) with potential consequences in mature cells. This study explores the immunophenotypic profile of hASCs obtained from lean and obese individuals and its potential relationship with the altered plasticity of hASCs observed in obesity. In this context, an altered pattern of cell surface marker expression in obese-derived hASCs in both undifferentiated and differentiated stages is demonstrated. Differences in proliferation, migration, and differentiation capacity of hASCs from obese adipose tissue correlated with alterations in cell surface expression. Remarkably, altered plasticity observed in obese-derived hASCs was maintained in the absence of hypoxia, suggesting that these cells might be obesity conditioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Pachón-Peña
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d´Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Serena
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d´Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Ejarque
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d´Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Petriz
- Institut de Recerca Contra la Leucemia Josep Carreras, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xevi Duran
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d´Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - W Oliva-Olivera
- Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain CIBER de Fisiopatología de Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Simó
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain CIBER de Fisiopatología de Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Fernández-Veledo
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d´Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Vendrell
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d´Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Ying Z, Chen K, Zheng L, Wu Y, Li L, Wang R, Long Q, Yang L, Guo J, Yao D, Li Y, Bao F, Xiang G, Liu J, Huang Q, Wu Z, Hutchins AP, Pei D, Liu X. Transient Activation of Mitoflashes Modulates Nanog at the Early Phase of Somatic Cell Reprogramming. Cell Metab 2016; 23:220-6. [PMID: 26549484 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of somatic cell reprogramming have been revealed at multiple levels. However, the lack of tools to monitor different reactive oxygen species (ROS) has left their distinct signals and roles in reprogramming unknown. We hypothesized that mitochondrial flashes (mitoflashes), recently identified spontaneous bursts of mitochondrial superoxide signaling, play a role in reprogramming. Here we show that the frequency of mitoflashes transiently increases, accompanied by flash amplitude reduction, during the early stages of reprogramming. This transient activation of mitoflashes at the early stage enhances reprogramming, whereas sustained activation impairs reprogramming. The reprogramming-promoting function of mitoflashes occurs via the upregulation of Nanog expression that is associated with decreases in the methylation status of the Nanog promoter through Tet2 occupancy. Together our findings provide a previously unknown role for superoxide signaling mediated epigenetic regulation in cell fate determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongfu Ying
- The Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Keshi Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Lingjun Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; Institute of Health Sciences, Anhui University, Heifei 230601, China
| | - Yi Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Linpeng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Rui Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Qi Long
- The Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Liang Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Jingyi Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Deyang Yao
- The Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Yong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Feixiang Bao
- The Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Ge Xiang
- The Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Jinglei Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Qiaoying Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and the Proteomics Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhiming Wu
- Department of Urology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Andrew Paul Hutchins
- The Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Duanqing Pei
- The Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Xingguo Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.
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Chowdhury HH, Velebit J, Radić N, Frančič V, Kreft M, Zorec R. Hypoxia Alters the Expression of Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 and Induces Developmental Remodeling of Human Preadipocytes. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:7481470. [PMID: 26881257 PMCID: PMC4735901 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7481470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), a transmembrane protein, has been identified in human adipose tissue and is considered to be associated with obesity-related type 2 diabetes. Since adipose tissue is relatively hypoxic in obese participants, we investigated the expression of DPP4 in human preadipocytes (hPA) and adipocytes in hypoxia, during differentiation and upon insulin stimulation. The results show that DPP4 is abundantly expressed in hPA but very sparsely in adipocytes. During differentiation in vitro, the expression of DPP4 in hPA is reduced on the addition of differentiation medium, indicating that this protein can be hPA marker. Long term hypoxia altered the expression of DPP4 in hPA. In in vitro hypoxic conditions the protease activity of shed DPP4 is reduced; however, in the presence of insulin, the increase in DPP4 expression is potentiated by hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena H. Chowdhury
- Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloska 4, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Celica Biomedical Center, Tehnološki Park 24, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jelena Velebit
- Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloska 4, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Celica Biomedical Center, Tehnološki Park 24, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nataša Radić
- Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloska 4, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Celica Biomedical Center, Tehnološki Park 24, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vito Frančič
- Celica Biomedical Center, Tehnološki Park 24, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Kreft
- Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloska 4, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Celica Biomedical Center, Tehnološki Park 24, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna Pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Zorec
- Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloska 4, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Celica Biomedical Center, Tehnološki Park 24, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- *Robert Zorec:
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Kakudo N, Morimoto N, Ogawa T, Taketani S, Kusumoto K. Hypoxia Enhances Proliferation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells via HIF-1ɑ Activation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139890. [PMID: 26465938 PMCID: PMC4605777 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) have been recently isolated from human subcutaneous adipose tissue. ASCs may be useful in regenerative medicine as an alternative to bone marrow-derived stem cells. Changes in the oxygen concentration influence physiological activities, such as stem cell proliferation. However, the effects of the oxygen concentration on ASCs remain unclear. In the present study, the effects of hypoxia on ASC proliferation were examined. Methods Normal human adipose tissue was collected from the lower abdomen, and ASCs were prepared with collagenase treatment. The ASCs were cultured in hypoxic (1%) or normoxic (20%) conditions. Cell proliferation was investigated in the presence or absence of inhibitors of various potentially important kinases. Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α expression and MAP kinase phosphorylation in the hypoxic culture were determined with western blotting. In addition, the mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 in hypoxic or normoxic conditions were determined with real-time RT-PCR. The effects of these growth factors on ASC proliferation were investigated. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) of the HIF–1α-binding hypoxia responsive element in FGF–2 was performed. HIF–1α was knocked down by siRNA, and FGF–2 expression was investigated. Results ASC proliferation was significantly enhanced in the hypoxic culture and was inhibited by ERK and Akt inhibitors. Hypoxia for 5–15 minutes stimulated the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 among MAP kinases and induced HIF–1α expression. The levels of VEGF and FGF–2 mRNA and protein in the ASCs were significantly enhanced in hypoxia, and FGF–2 increased ASC proliferation. The ChIP assay revealed an 8-fold increase in the binding of HIF–1α to FGF–2 in hypoxia. HIF–1α knockdown by siRNA partially inhibited the FGF–2 expression of ASCs induced by hypoxia. Conclusion ASC proliferation was enhanced by hypoxia. HIF–1α activation, FGF–2 production, and the ERK1/2 and Akt pathway were involved in this regulatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuko Kakudo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Naoki Morimoto
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ogawa
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeru Taketani
- Department of Biotechnology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Kusumoto
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
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Andreeva ER, Lobanova MV, Udartseva OO, Buravkova LB. Response of Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal Cells in Tissue-Related O2 Microenvironment to Short-Term Hypoxic Stress. Cells Tissues Organs 2015; 200:307-15. [PMID: 26407140 DOI: 10.1159/000438921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A microenvironment low in O2 ('physiological' hypoxia) governs the functions of perivascular multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells, defining their involvement in tissue physiological homeostasis and regenerative remodelling. Acute hypoxic stress is considered as one of the important factors inducing tissue damage. Here, we evaluate the influence of short-term hypoxia (1% O2 for 24 h) on perivascular adipose tissue-derived cells (ASCs) permanently expanded in tissue-related O2 (5%) microenvironment. After hypoxic exposure, ASCs retained high viability, stromal cell morphology and mesenchymal phenotype (CD73+, CD90+, CD105+ and CD45-). Mild oxidative damage was unveiled as elevation of reactive oxygen species and thiobarbituric acid-active products, while no reduction in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes catalase and glutathione peroxidase and a 20% statistically significant increase in superoxide dismutase activity was detected. Expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and HIF-3α isoforms was differently regulated. HIF-1α displayed transient up-regulation, with maximum levels 30 min after acute hypoxic exposure, while HIF-3α was significantly up-regulated after 24 h. Up-regulation of ERK7, MEK1 and c-fos, and down-regulation of MKK6, p53, CCNA2, CCNB1 and CCNB2 were observed after 24 h of oxygen deprivation. Acute hypoxic exposure did not affect the gene expression of other mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and MAPK kinases, MAPK/ERK kinase-interacting proteins, MAPK-activated transcription factors and scaffolding proteins. Significant stimulation of vascular endothelial growth factor α and interleukin-6 production was detected in ASC-conditioned medium. Thus, tissue O2-adapted ASCs are resistant to hypoxic stress, which can ensure their effective involvement in the regeneration of tissue damage under significant oxygen deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena R Andreeva
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Suzuki E, Fujita D, Takahashi M, Oba S, Nishimatsu H. Adipose tissue-derived stem cells as a therapeutic tool for cardiovascular disease. World J Cardiol 2015; 7:454-465. [PMID: 26322185 PMCID: PMC4549779 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v7.i8.454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are adult stem cells that can be easily harvested from subcutaneous adipose tissue. Many studies have demonstrated that ADSCs differentiate into vascular endothelial cells (VECs), vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and cardiomyocytes in vitro and in vivo. However, ADSCs may fuse with tissue-resident cells and obtain the corresponding characteristics of those cells. If fusion occurs, ADSCs may express markers of VECs, VSMCs, and cardiomyocytes without direct differentiation into these cell types. ADSCs also produce a variety of paracrine factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, and insulin-like growth factor-1 that have proangiogenic and/or antiapoptotic activities. Thus, ADSCs have the potential to regenerate the cardiovascular system via direct differentiation into VECs, VSMCs, and cardiomyocytes, fusion with tissue-resident cells, and the production of paracrine factors. Numerous animal studies have demonstrated the efficacy of ADSC implantation in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM), dilated cardiomyopathy, hindlimb ischemia, and stroke. Clinical studies regarding the use of autologous ADSCs for treating patients with AMI and ICM have recently been initiated. ADSC implantation has been reported as safe and effective so far. Therefore, ADSCs appear to be useful for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. However, the tumorigenic potential of ADSCs requires careful evaluation before their safe clinical application.
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Scutellarin inhibits high glucose-induced and hypoxia-mimetic agent-induced angiogenic effects in human retinal endothelial cells through reactive oxygen species/hypoxia-inducible factor-1α/vascular endothelial growth factor pathway. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2015; 64:218-27. [PMID: 25192544 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Scutellarin inhibits hypoxia-induced and moderately high glucose-induced proliferation and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs); thus, it could be a potential therapy for diabetic retinopathy. However, how scutellarin inhibits VEGF is unknown. In our study, HRECs were treated with high glucose and/or hypoxia-mimetic agent cobalt chloride to stimulate cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis, and the effects of scutellarin on these processes were analyzed through cell viability assay, Transwell migration assay and endothelial tube formation assay, respectively. The inhibition of angiogenic factor VEGF by scutellarin was confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mechanisms for VEGF inhibition were examined by luciferase reporter assay, Western blot, immunoprecipitation, and biochemical assays. We found that scutellarin not only concentration-dependently inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation in HRECs but also decreased their production of VEGF. The reduction of VEGF was due to increased ubiquitination and degradation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α by scutellarin. Furthermore, scutellarin impaired the interaction of HIF-1α with p300, which further decreased the transcriptional activity of HIF-1α. As an inducer of HIF-1α, oxidative stress was attenuated by scutellarin. Our data demonstrate that scutellarin exhibits an antiangiogenic effect via inhibition of oxidative stress, enhancement of HIF-1α degradation, and reduction of VEGF secretion.
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Kato H, Izumi K, Uenoyama A, Shiomi A, Kuo S, Feinberg SE. Hypoxia induces an undifferentiated phenotype of oral keratinocytes in vitro. Cells Tissues Organs 2015; 199:393-404. [PMID: 25720390 DOI: 10.1159/000371342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of hypoxia on the proliferating potential and phenotype of primary human oral keratinocytes cultured at ambient oxygen tension (20%) or at different levels of hypoxia (2 and 0.5% O2). The effects of oxygen tensions on cellular metabolic activity, cell proliferation, clonogenicity and proliferation heterogeneity were measured. Cell cycle profiles were analyzed by a fluorescent-activated cell sorter, and p21(WAF1/CIP1) expression in the G0/G1 phase was also concomitantly quantitated. The expression levels of cell cycle regulatory proteins were examined by immunoblotting, and the cellular senescence was assessed by senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining. Basal and suprabasal keratinocyte phenotypes were determined by the expression levels of 14-3-3σ, p75(NTR) and α6 integrin. Despite having a lower metabolism, the proliferation rate and clonogenic potential were remarkably enhanced in hypoxic cells. The significantly higher percentage of cells in the G0/G1 phase under hypoxia and the expression patterns of cell cycle regulatory proteins in hypoxic cells were indicative of a state of cell cycle arrest in hypoxia. Furthermore, a decrease in the expression of p21(WAF1/CIP1) and p16(INK4A) and fewer β-galactosidase-positive cells suggested a quiescent phenotype rather than a senescent one in hypoxic cells. Compared with normoxic cells, the differential expression patterns of keratinocyte phenotypic markers suggest that hypoxic cells that generate minimal reactive oxygen species, suppress the mammalian target of rapamycin activity and express hypoxia-inducible factor-1α favor a basal cell phenotype. Thus, regardless of the predisposition to the state of cell cycle arrest, hypoxic conditions can maintain oral keratinocytes in vitro in an undifferentiated and quiescent state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Kato
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich., USA
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Low oxygen tension enhances osteogenic potential of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells with osteonecrosis-related functional impairment. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:950312. [PMID: 25691905 PMCID: PMC4322297 DOI: 10.1155/2015/950312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. Glucocorticoids can affect the function of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) adversely and merit the requirement for a strategy to correct this anomaly; we assessed the effect of low oxygen (2%) on BMMSCs from rabbits with osteonecrosis. Methods. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells from normal rabbits and rabbits with osteonecrosis were divided into four groups: (1) normal-normoxia group, with normal BMMSCs cultured under 20% oxygen; (2) osteonecrosis-normoxia group, with BMMSCs from rabbits with osteonecrosis cultured under 20% oxygen; (3) osteonecrosis-low oxygen treated group, with BMMSCs from rabbits with osteonecrosis cultured under 2% oxygen; (4) normal-low oxygen treated group, with normal BMMSCs cultured under 2% oxygen. The proliferation, osteogenic, and adipogenic differentiation of MSCs and expression of stemness genes, osteogenic, and adipogenic differentiation markers were investigated. Results. Compared with BMMSCs from normal rabbits, those from osteonecrosis rabbits showed significantly reduced proliferation ability, repressed expression of stemness genes, decreased osteoblasts formation, and increased adipocytes formation, indicating an osteonecrosis-related impairment. Low oxygen (2%) treated BMMSCs from osteonecrosis rabbits showed not only increased proliferation and osteogenic potential but also decreased adipogenic potential. Conclusion. Low oxygen (2%) culture represents a novel strategy to augment BMMSC function affected by glucocorticoids and holds significance for future strategies to treat femoral head osteonecrosis.
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Jiang CM, Liu J, Zhao JY, Xiao L, An S, Gou YC, Quan HX, Cheng Q, Zhang YL, He W, Wang YT, Yu WJ, Huang YF, Yi YT, Chen Y, Wang J. Effects of hypoxia on the immunomodulatory properties of human gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells. J Dent Res 2014; 94:69-77. [PMID: 25403565 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514557671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The environment of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is hypoxic, which plays an important role in maintaining their self-renewal potential and undifferentiated state. MSCs have been proven to possess immunomodulatory properties and have been used clinically to treat autoimmune diseases. Here, we tested the effects of hypoxia on the immunomodulatory properties of MSCs and examined its possible underlying mechanisms. We found that hypoxic stimulation promoted the immunomodulatory properties of human gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hGMSCs) by enhancing the suppressive effects of hGMSCs on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The proliferation of PBMCs was significantly inhibited, while the apoptosis of PBMCs was increased, which was associated with the Fas ligand (FasL) expression of hGMSCs. The in vivo study showed that systemically infused hGMSCs could enhance skin wound repair, and 24-h hypoxic stimulation significantly promoted the reparative capacity of hGMSCs. For mechanism, hGMSC treatment inhibited the local inflammation of injured skin by suppressing the inflammatory cells, reducing the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and increasing anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10), which was promoted by hypoxia. Hypoxia preconditioning may be a good optimizing method to promote the potential of MSCs for the future cell-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chendu, Sichuan, China
| | - J Liu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J Y Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chendu, Sichuan, China
| | - L Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chendu, Sichuan, China
| | - S An
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chendu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y C Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chendu, Sichuan, China
| | - H X Quan
- Qingdao First Sanatorium of Jinan Military Distract of PLA, Qingdao Shandong, China
| | - Q Cheng
- Department of Orthodontics, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Y L Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chendu, Sichuan, China
| | - W He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chendu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y T Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chendu, Sichuan, China
| | - W J Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chendu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y F Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chendu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y T Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chendu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chendu, Sichuan, China
| | - J Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chendu, Sichuan, China
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50
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Ostrakhovitch EA, Akakura S, Sanokawa-Akakura R, Goodwin S, Tabibzadeh S. Dedifferentiation of cancer cells following recovery from a potentially lethal damage is mediated by H2S-Nampt. Exp Cell Res 2014; 330:135-50. [PMID: 25278485 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we reported that cancer cells that recover from a potentially lethal damage gain new phenotypic features comprised of mitochondrial structural remodeling associated with increased glycolytic dependency and drug resistance. Here, we demonstrate that a subset of cancer cells, upon recovery from a potentially lethal damage, undergo dedifferentiation and express genes, which are characteristic of undifferentiated stem cells. While these cells are competent in maintaining differentiated progeny of tumor, they also exhibit transdifferentiation potential. Dedifferentiation is characterized by accumulation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which triggers up-regulation of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) accompanied by changes in the redox state. The molecular events triggered by Nampt include elevated production of NAD(+) and up-regulation of H2S producing enzymes, cystathionine beta synthase (CBS) and cystathionase (CTH) with 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MST) being detectable only in 3D spheroids. Suppression of Nampt, or inactivation of H2S producing enzymes, all reduce H2S production and reverse the ability of cells to dedifferentiate. Moreover, H2S induced stem cell markers in parental cancer cells in a manner similar to that observed in damage recovered cells. These data suggest of existence of a positive feedback loop between H2S and Nampt that controls dedifferentiation in cancer cells that recover from a potentially lethal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Ostrakhovitch
- Frontiers in Bioscience Research Institute in Aging and Cancer, Irvine, CA 92618, USA
| | - Shin Akakura
- Frontiers in Bioscience Research Institute in Aging and Cancer, Irvine, CA 92618, USA
| | | | - Scott Goodwin
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92868, USA
| | - Siamak Tabibzadeh
- Frontiers in Bioscience Research Institute in Aging and Cancer, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92868, USA.
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