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Sultana M, Nichols M, Jacobs J, Karacabeyli D, Allender S, Novotny R, Brown V. The range of outcomes and outcome measurement instruments collected in multisectoral community-based obesity prevention interventions in children: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13731. [PMID: 38432682 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Multicomponent and multisectoral community-based interventions (CBIs) have proven potential in preventing overweight and obesity in children. Synthesizing evidence on the outcomes collected and reported in such CBIs is critical for the evidence of effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. This systematic review aimed to identify the range of outcomes and outcome measurement instruments collected and reported in multisectoral and multicomponent CBIs for obesity prevention in children. A systematic search updated an existing review and extended the search to 11 academic databases (2017-2023) and gray literature. Outcomes were classified into outcome domains, and common measurement instruments were summarized. Seventeen outcome domains from 140 unique outcomes were identified from 45 included interventions reported in 120 studies. The most frequently collected outcome domains included anthropometry and body composition (91% of included interventions), physical activity (84%), dietary intake (71%), environmental (71%), and sedentary behavior (62%). The most frequently collected outcomes from each of these domains included body mass index (89%), physical activity (73%), fruit and vegetable intake (58%), school environment (42%), and screen time (58%). Outcome measurement instruments varied, particularly for behavioral outcomes. Standardization of reported outcomes and measurement instruments is recommended to facilitate data harmonization and support quantifying broader benefits of CBIs for obesity prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marufa Sultana
- Deakin Health Economics, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melanie Nichols
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jane Jacobs
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Derin Karacabeyli
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Steven Allender
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel Novotny
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Vicki Brown
- Deakin Health Economics, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Rosal MC, Lemon SC, Borg A, Lopez-Cepero A, Sreedhara M, Silfee V, Pbert L, Kane K, Li W. The Healthy Kids & Families study: Outcomes of a 24-month childhood obesity prevention intervention. Prev Med Rep 2023; 31:102086. [PMID: 36820371 PMCID: PMC9938323 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.102086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Socioeconomically disadvantaged children experience a high burden of obesity but few interventions address obesity prevention in this population subgroup. The Healthy Kids & Families study tested the effect of a parent-focused community health worker (CHW)-delivered lifestyle intervention to prevent childhood obesity. Participants were child-parent/guardian (Kindergarten to 6th grade at baseline) dyads (n = 247) recruited through schools located in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods in Worcester, MA, USA. Using a quasi-experimental design, the study tested the impact of Healthy Kids & Families, a theory-based, low-intensity, parent-focused, CHW-delivered intervention to improve children's weight, healthy eating and physical activity. The attention-control comparison condition was a positive parenting intervention. The primary outcome was change in child body mass index (BMI) z-score at 24 months. Secondary outcomes included number of positive child and parent changes in selected diet and physical activity behaviors targeted by the intervention and change in parent BMI. Outcomes were assessed following the intent-to-treat principle and using multivariable generalized linear mixed models. Compared to the attention-control comparison condition, the Healthy Kids & Families intervention led to a greater reduction in children's BMI z-score (β = -0.17, 95 %CI: -1.92 to -0.36; p = 0.057) and a greater number of positive behavior changes among children (β = 0.57, 95 %CI: 0.08-1.06; p = 0.02) at 24 months. There was no significant change in parent outcomes. The Healthy Kids & Families intervention shows promise for obesity prevention among children in socioeconomically disadvantaged communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros C. Rosal
- Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Stephenie C. Lemon
- Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Amy Borg
- Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Lopez-Cepero
- Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Meera Sreedhara
- Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Valerie Silfee
- Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Weight Watchers International, NY, USA
| | - Lori Pbert
- Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Kevin Kane
- Health Statistics and Geography Lab, Center for Health Statistics and Department of Public Health, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Wenjun Li
- Health Statistics and Geography Lab, Center for Health Statistics and Department of Public Health, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA
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Essay AM, Schlechter CR, Mershon CA, Fial AV, Ellison J, Rosenkranz RR, Dzewaltowski DA. A scoping review of whole-of-community interventions on six modifiable cancer prevention risk factors in youth: A systems typology. Prev Med 2021; 153:106769. [PMID: 34416222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Whole-of-community interventions delivered across entire geospatial areas show promise for improving population health for youth cancer prevention. The aims of this scoping review were to synthesize the whole-of-community intervention literature on six modifiable risk factors in youth for cancer prevention (alcohol use, diet, obesity, physical activity, sun exposure, tobacco use) and to develop and apply a typology describing the inclusion of fundamental control system functional characteristics. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, PsycINFO, and Scopus for studies published to the end of 2019. Eligible studies included a geospatially defined whole-of-community intervention; youth 0-18 years; and at least one of the six cancer risk factor outcomes. An iterative process was undertaken to create a typology describing the functions for whole-of-community interventions guided by systems theory, and the typology was used to code the included interventions. A total of 41 interventions were included. Most interventions (43.9%) assessed multiple cancer risk factors. Few interventions provided fundamental functions necessary for community system coordination: sensor, controller, effector. Although communities are a patchwork quilt of microsystems where individuals interact in geographically bounded places nested within larger whole systems of influence, a control systems approach has not been used to frame the literature. Whole-of-community interventions can be characterized by the fundamental system functions necessary for coordinating population health improvement. Future whole-of-community intervention efforts should draw on fundamental knowledge of how systems operate and test whether adoption of the key functions is necessary for whole-of-community population health improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Essay
- Department of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984365 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4365, USA.
| | - Chelsey R Schlechter
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Center for Health Outcomes and Population Equity (HOPE), University of Utah, 2000 Cir of Hope Dr, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - Carrie A Mershon
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Natatorium 8, 920 Denison Ave, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
| | - Alissa V Fial
- Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University, 1355 W Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA.
| | - Jennie Ellison
- Department of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984365 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4365, USA
| | - Richard R Rosenkranz
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University, 245 Justin Hall, 1324 Lovers Lane, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
| | - David A Dzewaltowski
- Department of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984365 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4365, USA.
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Lee RE, Parker NH, Hallett AM, Kao D, Modelska MJ, Rifai HS, Soltero EG, O'Connor DP. Stakeholder perspectives and sustainability of an integrated care model for the prevention and management of obesity: the Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration (CORD) project. Transl Behav Med 2021; 11:393-407. [PMID: 32667038 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibaa058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although reliable strategies exist to promote healthy habits that reduce childhood obesity, the sustainability of these strategies remains an ongoing public health challenge. This study aimed to identify factors experienced in a large, multisite project aimed at reducing childhood obesity that might contribute to project sustainability. Hypothesized constructs underpinning sustainability included replicability, continuation of benefits, institutionalization, and community capacity. Key informants (n = 27) completed 60 min, in-depth interviews, which were audio recorded and transcribed. Transcripts were first coded using a combined deductive and inductive approach. Four major themes emerged (with numerous subthemes): developing partnerships, challenges to the sustainability of implemented programming, the importance of intervening in multiple settings, and ongoing implementation and evaluation strategies. Replicability of complex childhood obesity interventions is possible when there are strong partnerships. Benefits can continue to be conferred from programming, particularly when evidence-based strategies are used that employ best practices. Implementation is facilitated by institutionalization and policies that buffer challenges, such as staffing or leadership changes. Community capacity both enhances the sustainability of interventions and develops as a result of strengthening partnerships and policies that support childhood obesity programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Lee
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Nathan H Parker
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Allen M Hallett
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health in Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Dennis Kao
- School of Social Work, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria J Modelska
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hanadi S Rifai
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Erica G Soltero
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel P O'Connor
- Department of Health and Human Performance, HEALTH Research Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Garvin TM, Chiappone A, Weissenburger-Moser Boyd L, Shuell J, Plumlee C, Yaroch AL. Effectiveness in adapting the implementation of the Early Care and Education Learning Collaboratives Project (ECELC) using real-world conditions. Transl Behav Med 2021; 11:56-63. [PMID: 31722429 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibz152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The National Early Care and Education Learning Collaboratives Project (ECELC) was a multistate intervention that was highly effective in implementing best practices for healthy eating physical activity (HEPA) in early care and education (ECE) programs across the USA. The ECELC included didactic in-person learning sessions, technical assistance, and self-assessment-guided action planning. This study aimed to describe the effectiveness of adaptions to the self-assessments, learning sessions, and overall support, and also aimed to compare the effectiveness of each to the Original ECELC Model, when applicable. This study utilized a pre-poststudy design using data collected via the Nutrition and Physical Activity Self-Assessment for Child Care (NAP SACC) instrument for ECE programs that adapted the Original ECELC Model. Adaptations to the Original ECELC Model were found to promote best practices and policies with regard to Breastfeeding & Infant Feeding, Child Nutrition, Infant & Child Physical Activity, Outdoor Play & Learning, and/or Screen Time as demonstrated by the NAP SACC (p < .05), with some exceptions of nonstatistically significant increases. Improvements were found to be statistically similar to improvements made among participants of the Original ECELC Model. Partner-driven, scalable, and customizable policy- and practice-based interventions to promote HEPA among children in ECE settings may serve as a key strategy to work toward reducing risk for childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alethea Chiappone
- Nemours National Office of Policy and Prevention Nemours Children's Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Julie Shuell
- Nemours National Office of Policy and Prevention Nemours Children's Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Amy L Yaroch
- Gretchen Swanson Center for Nutrition, Omaha, NE, USA
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Byrne R, Terranova CO, Trost SG. Measurement of screen time among young children aged 0-6 years: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13260. [PMID: 33960616 PMCID: PMC8365769 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The impact of screen-based devices on children's health and development cannot be properly understood without valid and reliable tools that measure screen time within the evolving digital landscape. This review aimed to summarize characteristics of measurement tools used to assess screen time in young children; evaluate reporting of psychometric properties; and examine time trends related to measurement and reporting of screen time. A systematic review of articles published in English across three databases from January 2009 to April 2020 was undertaken using PROSPERO protocol (registration: CRD42019132599) and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Included articles measured screen time as outcome, exposure, or confounder in children 0-6 years. The search identified 35,868 records, 1035 full-text articles were screened for eligibility, and 622 met inclusion criteria. Most measures (60%) consisted of one to three items and assessed duration of screen time on a usual day. Few measures assessed content (11%) or coviewing (7%). Only 40% of articles provided a citation for the measure, and only 69 (11%) reported psychometric properties-reliability n = 58, validity n = 19, reliability and validity n = 8. Between 2009 and 2019, the number of published articles increased from 28 to 71. From 2015, there was a notable increase in the proportion of articles published each year that assessed exposure to mobile devices in addition to television. The increasing number of published articles reflects increasing interest in screen time exposure among young children. Measures of screen time have generally evolved to reflect children's contemporary digital landscape; however, the psychometric properties of measurement tools are rarely reported. There is a need for improved measures and reporting to capture the complexity of children's screen time exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Byrne
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Centre for Children's Health Research (CCHR)Queensland University of Technology (QUT)South BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Caroline O. Terranova
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Centre for Children's Health Research (CCHR)Queensland University of Technology (QUT)South BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Stewart G. Trost
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Centre for Children's Health Research (CCHR)Queensland University of Technology (QUT)South BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
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Impact of Hurricane Harvey on the Growth of Low Income, Ethnic Minority Adolescents. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2020; 17:e9. [PMID: 33161933 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2020.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the differential impact of Hurricane Harvey on adolescent standardized Body Mass Index (zBMI), physical activity, diet, and perceived stress. METHODS Prior to Hurricane Harvey, 175 ethnic minority adolescents were recruited from an independent school district in Houston. Height and weight were directly measured. The School Physical Activity and Nutrition Questionnaire assessed diet and physical activity. Stress was assessed with the Perceived Stress Scale. High hurricane impact was classified as at least 1 affirmative response to house damage, rescue, displacement, or going without food, water, or medicine. Repeated measures such as ANCOVA models were developed to assess differences in zBMI, physical activity, diet, and stress between the hurricane impact groups. Regression models were used to assess stress as a mediator of the hurricane impact and zBMI change relationship. RESULTS Students who were highly impacted by the hurricane had a greater decrease in zBMI than those less impacted from pre-hurricane to 15 weeks post-hurricane (95% CI 0.02 to 0.25, p<0.05). Physical activity and diet did not differ by impact. Perceived stress at 3 weeks post-hurricane mediated the impact and zBMI change relationship (β=-0.04 95% CI -0.12 to -0.002). CONCLUSION The decrease in zBMI among highly impacted students warrants further monitoring. Perceived stress, immediately following the hurricane, impacted student growth months later.
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Scott-Sheldon LAJ, Hedges LV, Cyr C, Young-Hyman D, Khan LK, Magnus M, King H, Arteaga S, Cawley J, Economos CD, Haire-Joshu D, Hunter CM, Lee BY, Kumanyika SK, Ritchie LD, Robinson TN, Schwartz MB. Childhood Obesity Evidence Base Project: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a New Taxonomy of Intervention Components to Improve Weight Status in Children 2-5 Years of Age, 2005-2019. Child Obes 2020; 16:S221-S248. [PMID: 32936038 PMCID: PMC7482126 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2020.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of childhood obesity interventions and conduct a taxonomy of intervention components that are most effective in changing obesity-related health outcomes in children 2-5 years of age. Methods: Comprehensive searches located 51 studies from 18,335 unique records. Eligible studies: (1) assessed children aged 2-5, living in the United States; (2) evaluated an intervention to improve weight status; (3) identified a same-aged comparison group; (4) measured BMI; and (5) were available between January 2005 and August 2019. Coders extracted study, sample, and intervention characteristics. Effect sizes [ESs; and 95% confidence intervals (CIs)] were calculated by using random-effects models. Meta-regression was used to determine which intervention components explain variability in ESs. Results: Included were 51 studies evaluating 58 interventions (N = 29,085; mean age = 4 years; 50% girls). Relative to controls, children receiving an intervention had a lower BMI at the end of the intervention (g = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.02-0.18; k = 55) and at the last follow-up (g = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.04-0.30; k = 14; range = 18-143 weeks). Three intervention components moderated efficacy: engage caregivers in praise/encouragement for positive health-related behavior; provide education about the importance of screen time reduction to caregivers; and engage pediatricians/health care providers. Conclusions: Early childhood obesity interventions are effective in reducing BMI in preschool children. Our findings suggest that facilitating caregiver education about the importance of screen time reduction may be an important strategy in reducing early childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori A J Scott-Sheldon
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Larry V Hedges
- Department of Statistics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Chris Cyr
- Impact Genome Project, Mission Measurement, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Deborah Young-Hyman
- Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laura Kettel Khan
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Heather King
- Impact Genome Project, Mission Measurement, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sonia Arteaga
- Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John Cawley
- Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Economics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Christina D Economos
- Division of Nutrition Interventions, Communication, and Behavior Change, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Debra Haire-Joshu
- Center for Obesity Prevention and Policy Research, Brown School, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Christine M Hunter
- Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bruce Y Lee
- CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Policy, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shiriki K Kumanyika
- Department of Community Health and Prevention, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lorrene D Ritchie
- Nutrition Policy Institute, University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Thomas N Robinson
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Stanford Solutions Science Lab, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marlene B Schwartz
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Connecticut, Hartford, CT, USA
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Ledoux T, Thompson D, O'Connor T, Avery D, Kochi C, O'Connor DP, Lin SF, Binggeli-Vallarta A, Blaine RE, Sharma S, Hoelscher DM. Cross-Site Process Evaluation Results for the Early Childhood Education Center Setting: CORD Study. Child Obes 2020; 16:350-357. [PMID: 32471316 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2019.0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: The Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration project aimed to deliver evidence-based obesity prevention interventions to at-risk families at three demonstration sites. The interventions were delivered in multiple settings, including early childhood education centers (ECECs), public schools, and primary care clinics. An evaluation center conducted cross-site process, impact, and sustainability evaluations. Results of the cross-site process evaluation for the ECECs will be described. Methods: Reach (proportion of the target population who participated), dose delivered (materials and interventions that were distributed), and fidelity (proportion of planned intervention components delivered) were assessed at two levels (researcher-to-provider and provider-to-family levels). Standardized data forms were completed by research team members at each demonstration site with assistance from the evaluation center. Results: The Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration project reached 5174 children and 390 teachers in 58 ECECs. The centers delivered an average of 3.9 hours of training to teachers. A total of 1382 different types of materials were distributed to providers, and from 1.3 to 4.3 hours of technical support were delivered to centers monthly. For fidelity at the researcher-to-provider level, 49.5% (n = 370) of eligible teachers completed all training sessions. Considerable variations across demonstration sites in reach, dose delivered, and fidelity across were observed. Conclusion: The Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration project reached large numbers of children, families, teachers, and ECECs. Maintaining intervention fidelity while reaching large numbers of at-risk individuals proved to be a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey Ledoux
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Debbe Thompson
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Teresia O'Connor
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dana Avery
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Camila Kochi
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel P O'Connor
- Department of Health and Human Performance, HEALTH Research Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shih-Fan Lin
- Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Rachel E Blaine
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Shreela Sharma
- Michael & Susan Dell Center for Health Living, University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Deanna M Hoelscher
- Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, Austin Campus, Austin, TX, USA
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10
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Lee RE, Kao D, Parker NH, Hallett AM, Kochi CY, Modelska MJ, Rifai HS, O'Connor DP. Evaluating sustainability in the Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration project: the model and process. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 78:13. [PMID: 32082567 PMCID: PMC7017491 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-020-0397-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background In the context of health-related interventions, sustainability is the capacity to maintain the changes resulting from the intervention. These can be improved policies, practices or trends intended to improve population health. The Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration (CORD) project was a multi-site, multi-intervention collaboration testing the Obesity Chronic Care Model with interventions for childhood obesity prevention and management. We present the model, definitions and methodology used for the cross-site sustainability evaluation of CORD. Methods We applied the Ecologic Model of Obesity to childhood obesity interventions to operationalize four sustainability constructs: replicability, continuation of benefits, institutionalization, and community capacity. We used a triangulation approach and employed mixed methods to assess sustainability constructs at each level of the Ecologic Model of Obesity: Micro, Meso, Exo and Macro. We constructed checklists to count and code intervention activities, use of evidence-based practices among providers, and environmental factors and policies hypothesized to influence intervention sustainability. We developed in-depth interviews for principal investigators and project leads. We applied the Wilder Collaboration Factors Inventory with key stakeholders. Results Lessons learned suggested that sustainability constructs should be clearly identified and operationalized a priori. Constructs must be flexible to account for differences between intervention plans and implementation to obtain robust and informative data. Conclusion Strong links are needed among researchers, program implementers and communities to accomplish consistent, robust and valuable data collection efforts to assure sustainable and healthy communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Lee
- 1Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 550 N. 3rd St, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA
| | - Dennis Kao
- 2School of Social Work, Carleton University, 509 Dunton Tower, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - Nathan H Parker
- 3Department of Behavioral Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1330, CPB3.3278, PO Box 301439, Houston, TX 77230 USA
| | - Allen M Hallett
- 4Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health in Austin, 1616 Guadalupe St, Ste 6.300, Austin, TX 78701 USA
| | - Camila Y Kochi
- 5Department of Pharmacological & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, 4849 Calhoun Rd. #5007A, Houston, TX 77204 USA
| | - Maria J Modelska
- 6Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, 4726 Calhoun, N107 Engineering Bldg 1, Houston, TX 77204 USA
| | - Hanadi S Rifai
- 6Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, 4726 Calhoun, N107 Engineering Bldg 1, Houston, TX 77204 USA
| | - Daniel P O'Connor
- 7Department of Health and Human Performance, HEALTH Research Institute, University of Houston, 3875 Holman St. Rm. 104 Garrison, Houston, TX 77204 USA
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Borg A, Haughton CF, Sawyer M, Lemon SC, Kane K, Pbert L, Li W, Rosal MC. Design and methods of the Healthy Kids & Families study: a parent-focused community health worker-delivered childhood obesity prevention intervention. BMC OBESITY 2019; 6:19. [PMID: 31171975 PMCID: PMC6545743 DOI: 10.1186/s40608-019-0240-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background One third of U.S. children and two thirds of adults are overweight or obese. Interventions to prevent obesity and thus avert threats to public health are needed. This paper describes the design and methods of the Healthy Kids & Families study, which tested the effect of a parent-focused community health worker (CHW)-delivered lifestyle intervention to prevent childhood obesity. Methods Participants were English or Spanish-speaking parent-child dyads (n = 247) from nine elementary schools (grades K-6) located in racial/ethnically diverse low-income communities in Worcester, Massachusetts. Using a quasi-experimental design with the school as the level of allocation, the study compared the lifestyle intervention vs. an attention-control comparison condition. The lifestyle intervention was guided by social cognitive theory and social ecological principles. It targeted the child’s social and physical home environment by intervening with parental weight-related knowledge, beliefs, and skills for managing child obesogenic behaviors; and addressed families’ needs for community resources supportive of a healthy lifestyle. The two-year CHW-delivered intervention was structured based on the 5As model (Agenda, Assess, Advise, Assist, Arrange follow up) and included two in person sessions and two telephone follow-ups per year with the parent, with a personalized letter and print materials sent after each contact. Parents also received quarterly newsletters, Facebook messages, and invitations to community events. The attention-control comparison condition used the same format and contact time as the intervention condition, but targeted positive parenting skills. Measurements occurred at baseline, and at 6-, 12-, 18- and 24-month follow-up. Assessments included anthropometrics, accelerometry, global positioning system (GPS), and self-report surveys. The primary outcome was child body mass index (BMI) z score. Secondary outcomes were parent BMI; and parent and child diet, physical activity, sedentariness, and utilization of community resources supportive of a healthy lifestyle. Discussion A CHW-delivered parent-focused lifestyle intervention may provide a translatable model for targeting the high priority public health problem of childhood obesity among low-income diverse communities. If demonstrated effective, this intervention has potential for high impact. Trial registration ClinicalTrials NCT03028233. Registered January 23,2017. The trial was retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Borg
- 1Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655 USA
| | - Christina F Haughton
- Oak Hill Community Development Corporation, 74 Providence Street, Worcester, MA 01604 USA
| | - Mullen Sawyer
- 3Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition and Policy, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111 USA
| | - Stephenie C Lemon
- 1Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655 USA
| | - Kevin Kane
- 1Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655 USA
| | - Lori Pbert
- 1Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655 USA
| | - Wenjun Li
- 1Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655 USA
| | - Milagros C Rosal
- 1Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655 USA
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Lee CY, Ledoux TA, Johnston CA, Ayala GX, O'Connor DP. Association of parental body mass index (BMI) with child's health behaviors and child's BMI depend on child's age. BMC OBESITY 2019; 6:11. [PMID: 30984404 PMCID: PMC6442408 DOI: 10.1186/s40608-019-0232-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Parent’s and child’s body mass index (BMI) are strongly associated, but their relationship varies by child’s sex and age. Parental BMI reflects, among other factors, parents’ behaviors and home environment, which influence their child’s behaviors and weight. This study examined the indirect effect of parent’s BMI on child’s BMI via child health behaviors, conditional on child’s sex and age. Methods Data from 2039 children and 1737 parents from eight cities of the U.S. involved in the Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration project tested the association between parental BMI and child’s percentage of 95th BMI percentile (%BMIp95). A generalized structural equation modeling approach to path analysis was used to estimate and test simultaneously the associations among parental BMI and child’s health behaviors and BMI across three age groups (preschool 2-4 yr., elementary 5-10 yr., and middle school 11-12 yr). Child’s health behaviors were examined as mediators. Results Parental BMI was related to %BMIp95 across all age groups, and was strongest in 11-12 yr. children. Parental BMI was positively associated with boys’ fruit and vegetable (FV) intake and girls’ sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake. Compared to 2-4 yr., older children had less FVs and physical activity, more screen time and SSB, and higher %BMIp95. Mediation effects were not significant. Conclusions Parental BMI was associated with child’s %BMIp95 and some child behaviors, and this association was stronger in older children; older children also exhibited less healthy behaviors. Age- and sex-specific interventions that focus on age-related decreases in healthy behaviors and parental strategies for promoting healthy behaviors among at-risk children are needed to address this epidemic of childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Young Lee
- 1Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, 3875 Holman Street Garrison Gym 104, Houston, TX 77204-6015 USA
| | - Tracey A Ledoux
- 1Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, 3875 Holman Street Garrison Gym 104, Houston, TX 77204-6015 USA
| | - Craig A Johnston
- 1Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, 3875 Holman Street Garrison Gym 104, Houston, TX 77204-6015 USA
| | - Guadalupe X Ayala
- 2Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, 92182-4162 CA USA
| | - Daniel P O'Connor
- 1Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, 3875 Holman Street Garrison Gym 104, Houston, TX 77204-6015 USA
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13
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Nam CS, Ross A, Ruggiero C, Ferguson M, Mui Y, Lee BY, Gittelsohn J. Process Evaluation and Lessons Learned From Engaging Local Policymakers in the B'More Healthy Communities for Kids Trial. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2019; 46:15-23. [PMID: 29969930 PMCID: PMC6440198 DOI: 10.1177/1090198118778323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Partnerships linking researchers to the policymaking process can be effective in increasing communication and supporting health policy. However, these policy partnerships rarely conduct process evaluation. The Policy Working Group (Policy WG) was the policy-level intervention of the multilevel B'More Healthy Communities for Kids (BHCK) trial. The group sought to align interests of local policymakers, inform local food and nutrition policy, introduce policymakers to a new simulation modeling, and sustain intervention levels of BHCK. We conducted an evaluation on the Policy WG between July 2013 and May 2016. We evaluated process indicators for reach, dose-delivered, and fidelity and developed a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis. The policy intervention was implemented with high reach and dose-delivered. Fidelity measures improved from moderate to nearly high over time. The number of health-related issues on policymakers' agenda increased from 50% in the first 2 years to 150% of the high standard in Year 3. SWOT analysis integrated a stakeholder feedback survey to consider areas of strength, weakness, opportunity, and threats. Although the fidelity of the modeling was low at 37% of the high standard, stakeholders indicated that the simulation modeling should be a primary purpose for policy intervention. Results demonstrate that process evaluation and SWOT analysis is useful for tracking the progress of policy interventions in multilevel trials and can be used to monitor the progress of building partnerships with policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyd S. Nam
- The Joint Learning Initiative on Faith and Local Communities, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Cara Ruggiero
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | | | - Yeeli Mui
- University at Buffalo—The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
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14
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Karacabeyli D, Allender S, Pinkney S, Amed S. Evaluation of complex community-based childhood obesity prevention interventions. Obes Rev 2018; 19:1080-1092. [PMID: 29768728 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multi-setting, multi-component community-based interventions have shown promise in preventing childhood obesity; however, evaluation of these complex interventions remains a challenge. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study is to systematically review published methodological approaches to outcome evaluation for multi-setting community-based childhood obesity prevention interventions and synthesize a set of pragmatic recommendations. METHODS MEDLINE, CINAHL and PsycINFO were searched from inception to 6 July 2017. Papers were included if the intervention targeted children ≤18 years, engaged at least two community sectors and described their outcome evaluation methodology. A single reviewer conducted title and abstract scans, full article review and data abstraction. Directed content analysis was performed by three reviewers to identify prevailing themes. RESULTS Thirty-three studies were included, and of these, 26 employed a quasi-experimental design; the remaining were randomized control trials. Body mass index was the most commonly measured outcome, followed by health behaviour change and psychosocial outcomes. Six themes emerged, highlighting advantages and disadvantages of active vs. passive consent, quasi-experimental vs. randomized control trials, longitudinal vs. repeat cross-sectional designs and the roles of process evaluation and methodological flexibility in evaluating complex interventions. CONCLUSIONS Selection of study designs and outcome measures compatible with community infrastructure, accompanied by process evaluation, may facilitate successful outcome evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Karacabeyli
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - S Allender
- School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - S Pinkney
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - S Amed
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
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15
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Fiechtner L, Perkins M, Biggs V, Langhans N, Sharifi M, O'Connor G, Price S, Locascio J, Kuhlthau K, Kwass JA, Nelson C, Land T, Longjohn M, Lawson V, Hohman K, Taveras EM. Rationale and design of the Clinic and Community Approaches to Healthy Weight Randomized Trial. Contemp Clin Trials 2018; 67:16-22. [PMID: 29330083 PMCID: PMC5871582 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of family-centered, pediatric weight management programs in reducing childhood obesity. Yet, programs to optimize the care of low-income children with obesity are needed. We sought to examine the comparative effectiveness of two, potentially scalable pediatric weight management programs delivered to low-income children in a clinical or community setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Clinic and Community Approaches to Healthy Weight Trial is a randomized trial in two communities in Massachusetts that serve a large population of low-income children and families. The two-arm trial compares the effects of a pediatric weight management program delivered in the Healthy Weight Clinics of two federally qualified health centers (FQHC) to the Healthy Weight and Your Child programs delivered in two YMCAs. Eligible children are 6 to 12 years old with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 85th percentile seen in primary care at the two FQHCs. Both programs are one-year in duration and have at least 30 contact hours throughout the year. Measures are collected at baseline, 6 months, and 1 year. The main outcome is 1-year change in BMI (kg/m2) and percent change of the 95th percentile (%BMIp95). CONCLUSION The Clinic and Community Approaches to Healthy Weight Trial seeks to 1) examine the comparative effects of a clinical and community based intervention in improving childhood obesity, and 2) inform the care of >7 million children with obesity covered by the Children's Health Insurance Program or Medicaid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Fiechtner
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, 125 Nashua Street, Suite 860, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, 175 Cambridge St., 5th floor, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Meghan Perkins
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, 125 Nashua Street, Suite 860, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Vincent Biggs
- Holyoke Community Health Center, Department of Pediatrics, 230 Maple St., Holyoke, MA 01040, USA.
| | - Nancy Langhans
- Greater New Bedford Community Health Center, Department of Pediatrics, 874 Purchase St., New Bedford, MA 02740, USA.
| | - Mona Sharifi
- Section of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, PO Box 208064, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Giselle O'Connor
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, 125 Nashua Street, Suite 860, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Sarah Price
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, 125 Nashua Street, Suite 860, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Joseph Locascio
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Karen Kuhlthau
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, 125 Nashua Street, Suite 860, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Jo-Ann Kwass
- Bureau of Community Health and Prevention, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, 250 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02108, USA.
| | - Candace Nelson
- Bureau of Community Health and Prevention, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, 250 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02108, USA.
| | - Thomas Land
- Office of Data Management and Outcomes Assessment, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, 250 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02108, USA.
| | - Matt Longjohn
- YMCA of the USA, 101 N Wacker Drive, Chicago, IL 60606, USA.
| | - Valerie Lawson
- YMCA of the USA, 101 N Wacker Drive, Chicago, IL 60606, USA.
| | | | - Elsie M Taveras
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, 125 Nashua Street, Suite 860, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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16
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Criss S, Blaine RE, Palamé M, Perkins M, Davison K, Kwass JA, Taveras EM. Health Marketing for the Massachusetts Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration Study: A Case Study. Health Promot Pract 2018; 20:282-291. [PMID: 29566576 DOI: 10.1177/1524839918760842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. This case study describes the Massachusetts Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration Study (MA-CORD) health marketing campaign, examines the strategies used in such campaigns, and offers lessons learned to improve health marketing for future interventions. MA-CORD Health Marketing Components and Implementation. The three main components were an outdoor printed advertisement and texting campaign, social media with a focus on Facebook, and the Summer Passport Program, an event-based initiative in parks for children. The advertisements consisted of billboards, bus advertisements, and handouts. The text messaging component, which required families to actively text a keyword to join, had a low opt-in rate. Facebook page "likes" increased from 1,024 to 1,453 in New Bedford and from 175 to 1,091 in Fitchburg. Fitchburg received technical assistance and paid for ads on Facebook. The Summer Passport participation in parks ranged from 120 to 875 children with participation in the free park lunch program doubling in Fitchburg. Discussion. Key lessons learned are engage communication experts from each community at the beginning of the project, use text messaging components with in-person staff onsite to assist participants in the opt-in process, build momentum for a Facebook presence through purchasing Facebook advertisements, and partner with local park departments for programming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jo-Ann Kwass
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Taveras EM, Perkins M, Anand S, Woo Baidal JA, Nelson CC, Kamdar N, Kwass JA, Gortmaker SL, Barrett JL, Davison KK, Land T. Clinical effectiveness of the massachusetts childhood obesity research demonstration initiative among low-income children. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25:1159-1166. [PMID: 28653504 PMCID: PMC5506684 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the extent to which a clinical intervention resulted in reduced BMI z scores among 2- to 12-year-old children compared to routine practice (treatment as usual [TAU]). METHODS The Massachusetts Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration (MA-CORD) project is a multifaceted initiative to prevent childhood obesity among low-income children. At the federally qualified community health centers (FQHCs) of two communities (Intervention Site #1 and #2), the following were implemented: (1) pediatric weight management training, (2) electronic decision supports for clinicians, (3) on-site Healthy Weight Clinics, (4) community health worker integration, and (5) healthful clinical environment changes. One FQHC in a demographically matched community served as the TAU site. Using electronic health records, we assessed BMI z scores and used linear mixed models to examine BMI z score change over 2 years in each intervention site compared to a TAU site. RESULTS Compared to children in the TAU site (n = 2,286), children in Intervention Site #2 (n = 1,368) had a significant decline in BMI z scores following the start of the intervention (-0.16 units/y; 95% confidence interval: -0.21 to -0.12). No evidence of an effect was found in Intervention Site #1 (n = 111). CONCLUSIONS The MA-CORD clinical interventions were associated with modest improvement in BMI z scores in one of two intervention communities compared to a TAU community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsie M. Taveras
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Meghan Perkins
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA
| | - Shikha Anand
- National Institute for Children’s Health Quality, Boston, MA
| | - Jennifer A. Woo Baidal
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Candace C. Nelson
- Office of Data Management and Outcomes Assessment, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Neil Kamdar
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA
| | - Jo-Ann Kwass
- Bureau of Community Health and Prevention, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Steven L. Gortmaker
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Jessica L. Barrett
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Kirsten K. Davison
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Thomas Land
- Office of Data Management and Outcomes Assessment, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA
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Woo Baidal JA, Nelson CC, Perkins M, Colchamiro R, Leung-Strle P, Kwass JA, Gortmaker SL, Davison KK, Taveras EM. Childhood obesity prevention in the women, infants, and children program: Outcomes of the MA-CORD study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25:1167-1174. [PMID: 28653498 PMCID: PMC5600510 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the extent to which a Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) intervention improved BMI z scores and obesity-related behaviors among children age 2 to 4 years. METHODS In two Massachusetts communities, practice changes in WIC were implemented as part of the Massachusetts Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration (MA-CORD) initiative to prevent obesity among low-income children. One WIC program was the comparison. Changes in BMI z scores pre and post intervention and prevalence of obesity-related behaviors of WIC participants were assessed. Linear mixed models were used to examine BMI z score change, and logistic regression models were used to examine changes in obesity-related behaviors in each intervention site versus comparison over 2 years. RESULTS WIC-enrolled children in both intervention sites (vs. comparison) had improved sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and sleep duration. Compared to the comparison WIC program (n = 626), no differences were observed in BMI z score among children in Intervention Site #1 (n = 198) or #2 (n = 637). In sensitivity analyses excluding Asian children, a small decline was observed in BMI z score (-0.08 units/y [95% confidence interval: -0.14 to -0.02], P = 0.01) in Intervention Site #2 versus comparison. CONCLUSIONS Among children enrolled in WIC, the MA-CORD intervention was associated with reduced prevalence of obesity risk factors in both intervention communities and a small improvement in BMI z scores in one of two intervention communities in non-Asian children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Woo Baidal
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Meghan Perkins
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Jo-Ann Kwass
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steve L. Gortmaker
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kirsten K. Davison
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elsie M. Taveras
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Franckle RL, Falbe J, Gortmaker S, Barrett JL, Giles C, Ganter C, Blaine RE, Buszkiewicz J, Taveras EM, Kwass JA, Land T, Davison KK. Student obesity prevalence and behavioral outcomes for the massachusetts childhood obesity research demonstration project. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25:1175-1182. [PMID: 28653502 PMCID: PMC5488705 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine changes in prevalence of obesity and target health behaviors (fruit, vegetable, and beverage consumption; physical activity; screen time; sleep duration) among students from communities that participated in the Massachusetts Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration (MA-CORD) project compared to controls. METHODS MA-CORD was implemented in two low-income communities. School-level prevalence of obesity among students in first, fourth, and seventh grades was calculated for the intervention communities and nine matched control communities pre and post intervention. Fourth- and seventh-grade students' self-reported health behaviors were measured in intervention communities at baseline and post intervention. RESULTS Among seventh-graders (the student group with greatest intervention exposure), a statistically significant decrease in prevalence of obesity from baseline to post intervention in Community 2 (-2.68%, P = 0.049) and a similar but nonsignificant decrease in Community 1 (-2.24%, P = 0.099) was observed. Fourth- and seventh-grade students in both communities were more likely to meet behavioral targets post intervention for sugar-sweetened beverages (both communities: P < 0.0001) and water (Community 1: P < 0.01; Community 2: P = 0.04) and in Community 2 for screen time (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS This multisector intervention was associated with a modest reduction in obesity prevalence among seventh-graders in one community compared to controls, along with improvements in behavioral targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Franckle
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Jennifer Falbe
- Division of Community Health and Human Development, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - Steven Gortmaker
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Jessica L. Barrett
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Catherine Giles
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Claudia Ganter
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rachel E. Blaine
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, CA
| | - James Buszkiewicz
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA
| | - Elsie M. Taveras
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA
| | - Jo-Ann Kwass
- Bureau of Community Health and Prevention, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Thomas Land
- Office of Data Management and Outcomes Assessment, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Kirsten K. Davison
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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Assessment of nutrition and physical activity practices using self-report and observation in early care and education across multiple US states. Public Health Nutr 2017; 20:1692-1698. [PMID: 28262079 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980017000155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The National Early Care and Education Learning Collaboratives (ECELC) Project aims to promote healthy physical activity and nutrition environments, policies and practices in early care and education (ECE) programmes across multiple states. The present pilot study sought to assess changes to the physical activity and nutrition practices in a sub-sample of ECE programmes participating in the ECELC using the Environment and Policy Assessment and Observation (EPAO). Additionally, it sought to compare results with the Nutrition and Physical Activity Self-Assessment for Child Care (NAP SACC). DESIGN Quasi-experimental pre-post pilot study where paired-sample t tests examined changes to physical activity and nutrition practices from pre-assessment to post-assessment (P<0·05). Pearson correlation coefficients examined change scores from EPAO compared with NAP SACC with statistical significance set at a two-sided α level of P<0·10 to account for sample size. SETTING The study occurred among ECE programmes. SUBJECTS Pre-school classrooms in nineteen ECE programmes across four US states were observed. RESULTS EPAO data demonstrated an increase in total score from pre-assessment to post-assessment (150 (sd 30) to 176 (sd 35)). NAP SACC change scores demonstrated little relationship with EPAO domain change scores, with exceptions in Nutrition Policy and Physical Activity Policy (r=-0·4 and -0·6, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The overall improvements reported through the EPAO suggest participation in the ECELC resulted in changes in critical nutrition- and physical activity-related practices. However, considerable differences in data reported using the NAP SACC compared with the EPAO suggest subjective data should be interpreted with caution and objective measurement should be used when feasible.
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Ganter C, Aftosmes-Tobio A, Chuang E, Kwass JA, Land T, Davison KK. Lessons Learned by Community Stakeholders in the Massachusetts Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration (MA-CORD) Project, 2013-2014. Prev Chronic Dis 2017; 14:E08. [PMID: 28125400 PMCID: PMC5268744 DOI: 10.5888/pcd14.160273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Childhood obesity is a multifaceted disease that requires sustainable, multidimensional approaches that support change at the individual, community, and systems levels. The Massachusetts Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration project addressed this need by using clinical and public health evidence-based methods to prevent childhood obesity. To date, little information is known about successes and lessons learned from implementing such large-scale interventions. To address this gap, we examined perspectives of community stakeholders from various sectors on successes achieved and lessons learned during the implementation process. METHODS We conducted 39 semistructured interviews with key stakeholders from 6 community sectors in 2 low-income communities from November 2013 through April 2014, during project implementation. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed by using the constant comparative method. Data were analyzed by using QSR NVivo 10. RESULTS Successes included increased parental involvement in children's health and education, increased connections within participating organizations and within the broader community, changes in organizational policies and environments to better support healthy living, and improvements in health behaviors in children, parents, and stakeholders. Lessons learned included the importance of obtaining administrative and leadership support, involving key stakeholders early in the program planning process, creating buffers that allow for unexpected changes, and establishing opportunities for regular communication within and across sectors. CONCLUSION Study findings indicate that multidisciplinary approaches support health behavior change and provide insight into key issues to consider in developing and implementing such approaches in low-income communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ganter
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Emmeline Chuang
- University of California, Los Angeles, Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jo-Ann Kwass
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas Land
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kirsten K Davison
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 MA.
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Blaine RE, Franckle RL, Ganter C, Falbe J, Giles C, Criss S, Kwass JA, Land T, Gortmaker SL, Chuang E, Davison KK. Using School Staff Members to Implement a Childhood Obesity Prevention Intervention in Low-Income School Districts: the Massachusetts Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration (MA-CORD Project), 2012-2014. Prev Chronic Dis 2017; 14:E03. [PMID: 28084989 PMCID: PMC5234440 DOI: 10.5888/pcd14.160381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although evidence-based interventions to prevent childhood obesity in school settings exist, few studies have identified factors that enhance school districts’ capacity to undertake such efforts. We describe the implementation of a school-based intervention using classroom lessons based on existing “Eat Well and Keep Moving” and “Planet Health” behavior change interventions and schoolwide activities to target 5,144 children in 4th through 7th grade in 2 low-income school districts. Methods The intervention was part of the Massachusetts Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration (MA-CORD) project, a multisector community-based intervention implemented from 2012 through 2014. Using mixed methods, we operationalized key implementation outcomes, including acceptability, adoption, appropriateness, feasibility, implementation fidelity, perceived implementation cost, reach, and sustainability. Results MA-CORD was adopted in 2 school districts that were facing resource limitations and competing priorities. Although strong leadership support existed in both communities at baseline, one district’s staff reported less schoolwide readiness and commitment. Consequently, fewer teachers reported engaging in training, teaching lessons, or planning to sustain the lessons after MA-CORD. Interviews showed that principal and superintendent turnover, statewide testing, and teacher burnout limited implementation; passionate wellness champions in schools appeared to offset implementation barriers. Conclusion Future interventions should assess adoption readiness at both leadership and staff levels, offer curriculum training sessions during school hours, use school nurses or health teachers as wellness champions to support teachers, and offer incentives such as staff stipends or play equipment to encourage school participation and sustained intervention activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Blaine
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd. FCS FA-15, Long Beach, California 90840.
| | - Rebecca L Franckle
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Claudia Ganter
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jennifer Falbe
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Catherine Giles
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shaniece Criss
- Health Sciences Department, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina
| | - Jo-Ann Kwass
- Bureau of Community Health and Prevention, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas Land
- Office of Data Management and Outcomes Assessment, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven L Gortmaker
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Emmeline Chuang
- University of California, Los Angeles, Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kirsten K Davison
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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Ewart-Pierce E, Mejía Ruiz MJ, Gittelsohn J. "Whole-of-Community" Obesity Prevention: A Review of Challenges and Opportunities in Multilevel, Multicomponent Interventions. Curr Obes Rep 2016; 5:361-74. [PMID: 27379620 PMCID: PMC5962013 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-016-0226-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The causes of obesity worldwide are complex and multilevel, including changing food environments, physical activity levels, policies, and food production systems. This intricate context requires multilevel and multicomponent (MLMC) interventions to improve health outcomes. We conducted a literature review of MLMC interventions for obesity prevention and mitigation; 14 studies meeting search criteria were identified. We found examples of successes in preventing obesity, reducing overweight, improving healthful behaviors, and enhancing some psychosocial indicators. Of eight studies that reported health and behavioral results, five showed no significant impact and three showed reductions in obesity. Four studies showed significant improvement in dietary behavior, and five reported significant desirable effects in physical activity or screen time. Five studies reported psychosocial impacts, and three of these showed significant improvements. MLMC approaches show promising results, particularly when they are able to integrate components at the policy, community, and interpersonal levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Ewart-Pierce
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - María José Mejía Ruiz
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Joel Gittelsohn
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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Stanhope KK, Kay C, Stevenson B, Gazmararian JA. Measurement of obesity prevention in childcare settings: A systematic review of current instruments. Obes Res Clin Pract 2016; 11:52-89. [PMID: 27377860 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The incidence of childhood obesity is highest among children entering kindergarten. Overweight and obesity in early childhood track through adulthood. Programs increasingly target children in early life for obesity prevention. However, the published literature lacks a review on tools available for measuring behaviour and environmental level change in child care. The objective is to describe measurement tools currently in use in evaluating obesity-prevention in preschool-aged children. METHODS Literature searches were conducted in PubMed using the keywords "early childhood obesity," "early childhood measurement," "early childhood nutrition" and "early childhood physical activity." Inclusion criteria included a discussion of: (1) obesity prevention, risk assessment or treatment in children ages 1-5 years; and (2) measurement of nutrition or physical activity. RESULTS One hundred thirty-four publications were selected for analysis. Data on measurement tools, population and outcomes were abstracted into tables. Tables are divided by individual and environmental level measures and further divided into physical activity, diet and physical health outcomes. Recommendations are made for weighing advantages and disadvantages of tools. CONCLUSION Despite rising numbers of interventions targeting obesity-prevention and treatment in preschool-aged children, there is no consensus for which tools represent a gold standard or threshold of accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn K Stanhope
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
| | - Christi Kay
- HealthMPowers, 3200 Pointe Pkwy NW # 400, Norcross, GA 30092, United States
| | - Beth Stevenson
- HealthMPowers, 3200 Pointe Pkwy NW # 400, Norcross, GA 30092, United States
| | - Julie A Gazmararian
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Media Competition Implementation for the Massachusetts Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration Study (MA-CORD): Adoption and Reach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:403. [PMID: 27058549 PMCID: PMC4847065 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13040403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Massachusetts Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration Study (MA-CORD) was a multi-level, multi-sector community intervention with a media competition component to provide an overarching synergy and promote awareness of target behaviors to reduce childhood obesity. Students participating in the media competition were tasked with developing videos, song/rap lyrics, and artwork that reflected the goals. The aim of this study is to document the process used to develop and implement the media competition along with its reach and adoption. An adapted version of Neta and colleagues’ 2015 framework on dissemination and implementation was used to summarize the process by which the media competition was developed and implemented. Adoption was defined by whether eligible schools or afterschool programs decided to implement the media competition. Reach was defined by student participation rates within schools/programs and the number of votes cast for the finalists on the coalition website and students’ paper ballots. A total of 595 students participated in the media competition from 18 school and afterschool programs in two communities. Adoption of the media competitions ranged from 22% to 100% in programs and reach ranged from 3% to 33% of the student population. The documentation of the implementation should contribute to the replication of the media competition.
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Criss S, Tran A, Ganter C, Aftosmes-Tobio A, Gortmaker S, Viswanath K, Kwass JA, Davison KK. A Cascade of Champions: A Qualitative Study about the MA-CORD Media Competition Implementation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:404. [PMID: 27058550 PMCID: PMC4847066 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13040404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A media competition was part of the Massachusetts Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration (MA-CORD) Study. Criss et al., previously outlined the development and implementation of the competition, including variation in reach and adoption of the intervention across schools and afterschool programs. In this qualitative study, we examine community, provider, and organizational factors that explain the variation of media competition reach in school and afterschool programs, and describe the awareness of the media competition across other community sectors. Durlak and DuPre's ecological framework for understanding effective implementation provided the theoretical underpinnings for this study. Fifty-four key informant interviews were conducted, transcribed, and analyzed. Organizational capacity of committed teachers/staff and adaptability of the media competition seemed to be drivers for higher reach within school and afterschool programs. Salient themes that emerged as facilitators of effective implementation were having a cascade of champions and providing opportunity to participate in the media competition outside traditional class time. Clinics and coalitions were identified as additional sectors aware of the media competition. Specifically, our findings offer a new perspective on intervention design and a recommended direction for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaniece Criss
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Kresge Building, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Alvin Tran
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Claudia Ganter
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Alyssa Aftosmes-Tobio
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Steven Gortmaker
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Kresge Building, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Kasisomayajula Viswanath
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Kresge Building, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Jo-Ann Kwass
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Bureau of Community Health and Prevention, 250 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02108, USA.
| | - Kirsten K Davison
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Kresge Building, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Ganter C, Aftosmes-Tobio A, Chuang E, Blaine RE, Land T, Davison KK. Community Stakeholders' Perceptions of Major Factors Influencing Childhood Obesity, the Feasibility of Programs Addressing Childhood Obesity, and Persisting Gaps. J Community Health 2016; 41:305-14. [PMID: 26433725 PMCID: PMC6555410 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-015-0097-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Prior research has identified numerous factors contributing to increased rates of childhood obesity. However, few studies have focused explicitly on the experience of community stakeholders in low-income communities. This study sought to capture the perspectives of these on-the-ground experts regarding major factors contributing to childhood obesity as well as gaps in current prevention and control efforts. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 39 stakeholders from different community sectors (e.g., healthcare providers, childcare providers, teachers). Data were drawn from the Massachusetts Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration project, a multi-level, multi-sector intervention designed to reduce childhood obesity being implemented in two low-income communities in Massachusetts. Interviews were conducted at baseline, transcribed, coded using grounded theory approach, and analyzed in NVivo 10.0. The vast majority of stakeholders had recently participated in obesity prevention strategies, and nearly all of them identified gaps in prevention efforts either within their organizations or in the broader community. In addition to factors previously identified in the literature, several themes emerged including the need to change policies to increase physical activity during school, offer healthier snacks in schools and afterschool programs, and increase communication and collaboration within the community in prevention efforts. Community stakeholders can impact the success of interventions by bridging the gap between science and lived experience. The results of this study can guide future research by highlighting the importance of including stakeholders' frontline experiences with target populations, and using information on identified gaps to augment intervention planning efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ganter
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Building 2, 3rd Floor, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Health Care Management, Technical University Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Berlin, 10623, Germany.
| | - Alyssa Aftosmes-Tobio
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Building 2, 3rd Floor, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Emmeline Chuang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, 650 Charles E Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1772, USA
| | - Rachel E Blaine
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd, FCS-FA 15, Long Beach, CA, 90840-0501, USA
| | - Thomas Land
- Office of Data Management and Outcomes Assessment, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, 250 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02108-4619, USA
| | - Kirsten K Davison
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Building 2, 3rd Floor, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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28
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Anchondo IM, Satter E, Danaher C, Estes PR. MA-CORD: Stop Ineffective Childhood Obesity Inverventions. Child Obes 2015; 11:731-2. [PMID: 26584415 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2015.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inés M Anchondo
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , El Paso, TX
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Reasons Low-Income Parents Offer Snacks to Children: How Feeding Rationale Influences Snack Frequency and Adherence to Dietary Recommendations. Nutrients 2015. [PMID: 26197335 PMCID: PMC4517042 DOI: 10.3390/nu7075265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although American children snack more than ever before, the parental role in promoting snacking is not well understood. In 2012–2013 at baseline in an intervention study to prevent childhood obesity in low-income Massachusetts communities, n = 271 parents of children aged 2–12 years completed surveys regarding nutritive and non-nutritive reasons they offered children snacks, demographics, and dietary factors. An analysis of variance demonstrated that parents reported offering snacks (mean/week; standard deviation (SD)) for nutritive reasons like promoting growth (x̄ = 2.5; SD 2.2) or satisfying hunger (x̄ = 2.4; SD 2.1) almost twice as often as non-nutritive reasons like keeping a child quiet (x̄ = 0.7; SD 1.5) or celebrating events/holidays (x̄ = 0.8; SD 1.1). Parents reported giving young children (2–5 years) more snacks to reward behavior (1.9 vs. 1.1, p < 0.001), keep quiet (1.0 vs. 0.5, p < 0.001), and celebrate achievements (1.7 vs. 1.0, p < 0.001) than parents of older children (6–12 years). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to obtain adjusted odds ratios, which indicated reduced child adherence to dietary recommendations when parents offered snacks to reward behavior (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.83; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.70–0.99), celebrate events/holidays (OR = 0.72; 95% CI 0.52–0.99), or achievements (OR = 0.82; 95% CI 0.68–0.98). Parental intentions around child snacking are likely important targets for obesity prevention efforts.
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Ganter C, Chuang E, Aftosmes-Tobio A, Blaine RE, Giannetti M, Land T, Davison KK. Community stakeholders' perceptions of barriers to childhood obesity prevention in low-income families, Massachusetts 2012-2013. Prev Chronic Dis 2015; 12:E42. [PMID: 25811497 PMCID: PMC4375987 DOI: 10.5888/pcd12.140371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The etiology of childhood obesity is multidimensional and includes individual, familial, organizational, and societal factors. Policymakers and researchers are promoting social-ecological approaches to obesity prevention that encompass multiple community sectors. Programs that successfully engage low-income families in making healthy choices are greatly needed, yet little is known about the extent to which stakeholders understand the complexity of barriers encountered by families. The objective of this study was to contextually frame barriers faced by low-income families reported by community stakeholders by using the Family Ecological Model (FEM). METHODS From 2012 through 2013, we conducted semistructured interviews with 39 stakeholders from 2 communities in Massachusetts that were participating in a multisector intervention for childhood obesity prevention. Stakeholders represented schools; afterschool programs; health care; the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children; and early care and education. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, coded, and summarized. RESULTS Stakeholder reports of the barriers experienced by low-income families had a strong degree of overlap with FEM and reflected awareness of the broader contextual factors (eg, availability of community resources, family culture, education) and social and emotional dynamics within families (eg, parent knowledge, social norms, distrust of health care providers, chronic life stressors) that could affect family adoption of healthy lifestyle behaviors. Furthermore, results illustrated a level of consistency in stakeholder awareness across multiple community sectors. CONCLUSION The congruity of stakeholder perspectives with those of low-income parents as summarized in FEM and across community sectors illustrates potential for synergizing the efforts necessary for multisector, multilevel community interventions for the prevention of childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ganter
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Landmark Center, 401 Park Drive, 3rd floor East, Boston, MA 01225. . Ms. Ganter is also affiliated with the Technical University of Berlin, Department of Health Care Management, Berlin, Germany
| | - Emmeline Chuang
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (Dr. Chuang was at University of California, San Diego, at the time this article was written)
| | | | | | - Mary Giannetti
- Montachusett Opportunity Council, Fitchburg, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas Land
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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Taveras EM, Blaine RE, Davison KK, Gortmaker S, Anand S, Falbe J, Kwass JA, Perkins M, Giles C, Criss S, Colchamiro R, Woo Baidal J, Land T, Smith L. Design of the Massachusetts Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration (MA-CORD) study. Child Obes 2015; 11:11-22. [PMID: 25469676 PMCID: PMC4322791 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2014.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity is highly prevalent, is associated with both short- and long-term adverse outcomes, disproportionately affects racial/ethnic minority and economically deprived children, and represents a major threat to public health. Among the most promising approaches for its prevention and management are multilevel, multisector strategies. METHODS/DESIGN The Massachusetts Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration (MA-CORD) Study was a comprehensive, systematic intervention to prevent and reduce childhood obesity among low-income children ages 2-12 years in two selected cities in Massachusetts. Building on the Obesity Chronic Care Model, MA-CORD expanded a state public health department community-level obesity prevention initiative that incorporated evidence-based interventions in primary healthcare, the Women, Infants, and Children program, early care and education, schools/afterschool programs, as well as community-wide programs to improve food, beverage, physical activity (PA), and messaging environments. The study used a combination of pre- and post-time series and quasi-experimental designs to examine the extent to which the intervention resulted in changes in BMI, individual-level lifestyle behaviors, satisfaction with healthcare services, and quality of life among children, as well as changes in health policies, programs, and environments in the two intervention cities, compared to a comparison city. The intervention period was 2 years. CONCLUSIONS MA-CORD will determine the extent to which a multisetting, multilevel intervention that integrates activities in primary care with broader public health interventions in schools, early care and education, and the community at large can improve children's dietary and PA behaviors and ultimately reduce obesity in low-income children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsie M. Taveras
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Rachel E. Blaine
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Kirsten K. Davison
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Steven Gortmaker
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Shikha Anand
- National Initiative for Children's Healthcare Quality, Boston, MA
| | - Jennifer Falbe
- Division of Community Health and Human Development, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Jo-Ann Kwass
- Bureau of Community Health and Prevention, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Meghan Perkins
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA
| | - Catherine Giles
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Shaniece Criss
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Rachel Colchamiro
- Bureau of Community Health and Prevention, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Jennifer Woo Baidal
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA
| | - Thomas Land
- Office of the Commissioner, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Lauren Smith
- National Initiative for Children's Healthcare Quality, Boston, MA
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32
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Blanck HM, Collins JL. The Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration project: linking public health initiatives and primary care interventions community-wide to prevent and reduce childhood obesity. Child Obes 2015; 11:1-3. [PMID: 25679058 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2014.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi M Blanck
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
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O'Connor DP, Lee RE, Mehta P, Thompson D, Bhargava A, Carlson C, Kao D, Layne CS, Ledoux T, O'Connor T, Rifai H, Gulley L, Hallett AM, Kudia O, Joseph S, Modelska M, Ortega D, Parker N, Stevens A. Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration project: cross-site evaluation methods. Child Obes 2015; 11:92-103. [PMID: 25679060 PMCID: PMC4323026 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2014.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration (CORD) project links public health and primary care interventions in three projects described in detail in accompanying articles in this issue of Childhood Obesity. This article describes a comprehensive evaluation plan to determine the extent to which the CORD model is associated with changes in behavior, body weight, BMI, quality of life, and healthcare satisfaction in children 2-12 years of age. DESIGN/METHODS The CORD Evaluation Center (EC-CORD) will analyze the pooled data from three independent demonstration projects that each integrate public health and primary care childhood obesity interventions. An extensive set of common measures at the family, facility, and community levels were defined by consensus among the CORD projects and EC-CORD. Process evaluation will assess reach, dose delivered, and fidelity of intervention components. Impact evaluation will use a mixed linear models approach to account for heterogeneity among project-site populations and interventions. Sustainability evaluation will assess the potential for replicability, continuation of benefits beyond the funding period, institutionalization of the intervention activities, and community capacity to support ongoing program delivery. Finally, cost analyses will assess how much benefit can potentially be gained per dollar invested in programs based on the CORD model. CONCLUSIONS The keys to combining and analyzing data across multiple projects include the CORD model framework and common measures for the behavioral and health outcomes along with important covariates at the individual, setting, and community levels. The overall objective of the comprehensive evaluation will develop evidence-based recommendations for replicating and disseminating community-wide, integrated public health and primary care programs based on the CORD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. O'Connor
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Texas Obesity Research Center, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Rebecca E. Lee
- College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Paras Mehta
- Department of Psychology, Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation, and Statistics, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Debbe Thompson
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Alok Bhargava
- School of Public Policy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
| | - Coleen Carlson
- Department of Psychology, Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation, and Statistics, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Dennis Kao
- Graduate College of Social Work, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Charles S. Layne
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Texas Obesity Research Center, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Tracey Ledoux
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Texas Obesity Research Center, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Teresia O'Connor
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Hanadi Rifai
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Lauren Gulley
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Texas Obesity Research Center, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Allen M. Hallett
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Texas Obesity Research Center, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Ousswa Kudia
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Texas Obesity Research Center, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Sitara Joseph
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Texas Obesity Research Center, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Maria Modelska
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Dana Ortega
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Texas Obesity Research Center, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Nathan Parker
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Texas Obesity Research Center, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Andria Stevens
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Texas Obesity Research Center, University of Houston, Houston, TX
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Foltz JL, Belay B, Dooyema CA, Williams N, Blanck HM. Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration (CORD): the cross-site overview and opportunities for interventions addressing obesity community-wide. Child Obes 2015; 11:4-10. [PMID: 25679059 PMCID: PMC4322789 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2014.0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This is the first of a set of articles in this issue on the Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration (CORD) project and provides an overview of the multisite approach and community-wide interventions. Innovative multisetting, multilevel approaches that integrate primary healthcare and public health interventions to improve outcomes for children with obesity need to be evaluated. The CORD project aims to improve BMI and obesity-related behaviors among underserved 2- to 12-year-old children by utilizing these approaches. METHODS The CORD consortium, structure, model terminology and key components, and common measures were solidified in year 1 of the CORD project. Demonstration sites applied the CORD model across communities in years 2 and 3. Evaluation plans for year 4 include site-specific analyses as well as cross-site impact, process, and sustainability evaluations. RESULTS The CORD approach resulted in commonalities and differences in participant, intervention, comparison, and outcome elements across sites. Products are to include analytic results as well as cost assessment, lessons learned, tools, and materials. DISCUSSION Foreseen opportunities and challenges arise from the similarities and unique aspects across sites. Communities adapted interventions to fit their local context and build on strengths, but, in turn, this flexibility makes cross-site evaluation challenging. CONCLUSION The CORD project represents an evidence-based approach that integrates primary care and public health strategies and evaluates multisetting multilevel interventions, thus adding to the limited research in this field. CORD products will be disseminated to a variety of stakeholders to aid the understanding, prevention, and management of childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Foltz
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
- U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Atlanta, GA
| | - Brook Belay
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Carrie A. Dooyema
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Nancy Williams
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
- U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Atlanta, GA
| | - Heidi M. Blanck
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
- U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Atlanta, GA
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Falbe J, Davison KK, Franckle RL, Ganter C, Gortmaker SL, Smith L, Land T, Taveras EM. Sleep duration, restfulness, and screens in the sleep environment. Pediatrics 2015; 135:e367-75. [PMID: 25560435 PMCID: PMC4306800 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2014-2306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Associations of inadequate sleep with numerous health outcomes among youth necessitate identifying its modifiable determinants. Television (TV) has been associated with sleep curtailment, but little is known about small screens (eg, smartphones), which can be used in bed and emit notifications. Therefore, we examined associations of different screens in sleep environments with sleep duration and perceived insufficient rest or sleep. METHODS Participants included 2048 fourth- and seventh-graders participating in the Massachusetts Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration Study in 2012 to 2013. Using linear and log binomial regression, we examined cross-sectional associations of small screens and TVs in sleep environments and screen time with weekday sleep duration and perceived insufficient rest or sleep in the past week. RESULTS Children who slept near a small screen (compared with never) reported 20.6 fewer minutes of sleep (95% confidence interval [CI], -29.7 to -11.4) and had a higher prevalence of perceived insufficient rest or sleep (prevalence ratio, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.21 to 1.60). Children who slept in a room with a TV (compared with no TV) reported 18.0 fewer minutes of sleep (95% CI, -27.9 to -8.1). TV or DVD viewing and video or computer game playing were associated with both sleep outcomes (P < .01). Some associations were stronger among Hispanic, non-Hispanic black, and older children (P < .05 for heterogeneity). CONCLUSIONS Sleeping near a small screen, sleeping with a TV in the room, and more screen time were associated with shorter sleep durations. Presence of a small screen, but not a TV, in the sleep environment and screen time were associated with perceived insufficient rest or sleep. These findings caution against unrestricted screen access in children's bedrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Falbe
- Division of Community Health and Human Development, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California;
| | | | | | - Claudia Ganter
- Departments of Nutrition and Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Steven L Gortmaker
- Social and Behavioral Sciences, and Prevention Research Center, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lauren Smith
- National Institute for Children's Health Quality, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas Land
- Bureau of Community Health and Prevention, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Elsie M Taveras
- Departments of Nutrition and Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts
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Chuang E, Ayala GX, Schmied E, Ganter C, Gittelsohn J, Davison KK. Evaluation protocol to assess an integrated framework for the implementation of the Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration project at the California (CA-CORD) and Massachusetts (MA-CORD) sites. Child Obes 2015; 11:48-57. [PMID: 25423618 PMCID: PMC4323117 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2014.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long-term success of child obesity prevention and control efforts depends not only on the efficacy of the approaches selected, but also on the strategies through which they are implemented and sustained. This study introduces the Multilevel Implementation Framework (MIF), a conceptual model of factors affecting the implementation of multilevel, multisector interventions, and describes its application to the evaluation of two of three state sites (CA and MA) participating in the Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration (CORD) project. METHODS/DESIGN A convergent mixed-methods design is used to document intervention activities and identify determinants of implementation effectiveness at the CA-CORD and MA-CORD sites. Data will be collected from multiple sectors and at multiple levels of influence (e.g., delivery system, academic-community partnership, and coalition). Quantitative surveys will be administered to coalition members and staff in participating delivery systems. Qualitative, semistructured interviews will be conducted with project leaders and key informants at multiple levels (e.g., leaders and frontline staff) within each delivery system. Document analysis of project-related materials and in vivo observations of training sessions will occur on an ongoing basis. Specific constructs assessed will be informed by the MIF. Results will be shared with project leaders and key stakeholders for the purposes of improving processes and informing sustainability discussions and will be used to test and refine the MIF. CONCLUSIONS Study findings will contribute to knowledge about how to coordinate and implement change strategies within and across sectors in ways that effectively engage diverse stakeholders, minimize policy resistance, and maximize desired intervention outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmeline Chuang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, University of California Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA
- Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, San Diego State University Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego, CA
| | - Guadalupe X. Ayala
- Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, San Diego State University Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego, CA
- Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA
| | - Emily Schmied
- Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, San Diego State University Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego, CA
- Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA
| | - Claudia Ganter
- Departments of Nutrition and of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Joel Gittelsohn
- Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Global Obesity Prevention Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kirsten K. Davison
- Departments of Nutrition and of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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