1
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Guldemond N. What is meant by 'integrated personalized diabetes management': A view into the future and what success should look like. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26 Suppl 1:14-29. [PMID: 38328815 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Integrated personalized diabetes management (IPDM) has emerged as a promising approach to improving outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). This care approach emphasizes the integration and coordination of different providers, including physicians, nurses, dietitians, social workers and pharmacists. The goal of IPDM is to provide patients with personalized care that is tailored to their needs. This review addresses the concept of integrated care and the use of technology (including data, software applications and artificial intelligence) as well as managerial, regulatory and financial aspects. The implementation and upscaling of digitally enabled IPDM are discussed, with elaboration of successful practices and related evidence. Finally, recommendations are made. It is concluded that the adoption of digitally enabled IPDM on a global level is inevitable, considering the challenges created by an increasing prevalence of patients with DM and the need for better outcomes and improvement of health system sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Guldemond
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden, Netherlands
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2
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Leite RO, Brodar KE, Saab PG, Marchetti D, Jaramillo M, Sanchez J, Davis E, Delamater AM, La Greca AM. Diabetes Care and Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives of Adolescents with Diabetes, Parents, and Providers. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2024:10.1007/s10880-023-09995-9. [PMID: 38281304 DOI: 10.1007/s10880-023-09995-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
This study explored ways in which the COVID-19 pandemic impacted adolescents' diabetes management and psychosocial functioning, and how adolescents, parents, and providers viewed telemedicine. We present data from three studies: (1) a comparison of psychosocial functioning and glycemic levels before and after pandemic onset (n = 120 adolescents; 89% with type 1 diabetes), (2) an online survey of parents about pandemic-related stressors (n = 141), and (3) qualitative interviews with adolescents, parents, and medical providers about the pandemic's impacts on adolescents' diabetes care and mental health (n = 13 parent-adolescent dyads; 7 medical providers). Results suggested some adverse effects, including disrupting routines related to health behaviors and psychosocial functioning and impairing adolescents' quality of life. Despite these challenges, most participants did not endorse significant impacts. Some even noted benefits, such as increased parental supervision of diabetes management that can be leveraged beyond the pandemic. Furthermore, telemedicine offers benefits to continuity of diabetes care but presents challenges to care quality. These findings underscore the varied and unique impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescents with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael O Leite
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, 5665 Ponce de Leon Blvd., Flipse Building 420, Coral Gables, FL, 33136, USA.
| | | | - Patrice G Saab
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, 5665 Ponce de Leon Blvd., Flipse Building 420, Coral Gables, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Daniella Marchetti
- Psychology Service, Bruce W. Carter Medical Center, Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Manuela Jaramillo
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, 5665 Ponce de Leon Blvd., Flipse Building 420, Coral Gables, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Janine Sanchez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Eileen Davis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alan M Delamater
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Annette M La Greca
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, 5665 Ponce de Leon Blvd., Flipse Building 420, Coral Gables, FL, 33136, USA
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3
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Altabtabaei R, Alhuwail D. Exploring the Challenges and Opportunities of Adopting and Using Telemedicine for Diabetes Care and Management: Qualitative Semistructured Interview Study Among Health Care Providers and Patients With Diabetes. JMIR Hum Factors 2023; 10:e46324. [PMID: 37676711 PMCID: PMC10514770 DOI: 10.2196/46324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Around the world, over half of the global population experiences noncommunicable diseases, resulting in premature death. Health care providers (HCPs) can deliver medical treatment from a distance by using digital advancements such as telemedicine. However, there is a limited understanding of the difficulties and opportunities of implementing telemedicine solutions in different socioeconomic and cultural environments, including Kuwait. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to (1) examine the obstacles and benefits of telemedicine in the context of diabetes treatment and management, as perceived by both HCPs and patients with diabetes; (2) investigate the nonfunctional requirements for telemedicine applications used in diabetes care and management; and (3) provide suggestions to enhance the integration and adoption of telemedicine in Kuwait's health care system for diabetes care and management. METHODS The research used a qualitative and exploratory design, with semistructured interviews as the main data collection method. Participants were recruited on the internet through social media platforms due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The results were analyzed using thematic analysis and the Framework Method. The "diffusion of innovation" model was used as a perspective to interpret the findings. RESULTS A total of 20 participants were included in this study-10 HCPs and 10 patients with diabetes-all of whom supported telemedicine. The HCPs reported that many diabetes cases could be managed through telemedicine, with only a few requiring in-person visits. Patients with diabetes noted the convenience and time-saving aspect of telemedicine. Both groups recommended the creation of a secure and user-friendly telemedicine system similar to popular social media platforms. Additionally, participants emphasized the importance of telemedicine during the pandemic as a way to prioritize patient safety. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study provide valuable insights into the needs and preferences of both HCPs and patients with diabetes in a resource-rich country like Kuwait to embrace telemedicine. The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way medical care is provided and has pushed both groups to consider digital solutions for ongoing diabetes management and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabab Altabtabaei
- Information Science Department, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Dari Alhuwail
- Information Science Department, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Health Informatics Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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4
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Kompala T, Wong J, Neinstein A. Diabetes Specialists Value Continuous Glucose Monitoring Despite Challenges in Prescribing and Data Review Process. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2023; 17:1265-1273. [PMID: 35403469 PMCID: PMC10563522 DOI: 10.1177/19322968221088267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes clinicians are key facilitators of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) provision, but data on provider behavior related to CGM use and CGM generated data are limited. METHODS We conducted a national survey of providers caring for people with diabetes on CGM-related opinions, facilitators and barriers to prescription, and data review practices. RESULTS Of 182 survey respondents, 73.2% worked at academic centers, 70.6% were endocrinologists, and 70.7% practiced in urban settings. Nearly 70% of providers reported CGM use in the majority of their patients with type 1 diabetes. Half of the providers reported CGM use in 10% to 50% of their patients with type 2 diabetes. All respondents believed CGM improved quality of life and could optimize diabetes control. We found no differences in reported rates of CGM use based on providers' years of experience, patient volume, practice setting, or clinic type. Most providers reviewed CGM data each visit (97.7%) and actively involved patients in the data interpretation (98.8%). Only 14.1% of clinicians reported reviewing CGM data without any prompting from patients or their family members outside of visits. Most providers (80.7%) reported their CGM data review was valued by patients although only half reported having adequate time (45.1%) or an efficient process (56.1%) to do so. CONCLUSIONS Despite uniform support for CGM by providers, ongoing challenges related to cost, insurance coverage, and difficulties with prescription were major barriers to CGM use. Increased use of CGM in appropriate populations will necessitate improvements in data access and integration, clearly defined workflows, and decreased administrative burden to obtain CGM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejaswi Kompala
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jenise Wong
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aaron Neinstein
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Digital Health Innovation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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5
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Eiland L, Datta P, Samson K, Anzalone J, Donovan A, McAdam-Marx C. In-Person and Telehealth Provider Access and Glycemic Control for People With Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2023; 17:895-900. [PMID: 36999204 PMCID: PMC10067707 DOI: 10.1177/19322968231162866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambulatory care underwent rapid changes at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Care for people with diabetes shifted from an almost exclusively in-person model to a hybrid model consisting of in-person visits, telehealth visits, phone calls, and asynchronous messaging. METHODS We analyzed data for all patients with diabetes and established with a provider at a large academic medical center to identify in-person and telehealth ambulatory provider visits over two periods of time (a "pre-COVID" and "COVID" period). RESULTS While the number of people with diabetes and any ambulatory provider visit decreased during the COVID period, telehealth saw massive growth. Per Hemoglobin A1c, glycemic control remained stable from the pre-COVID to COVID time periods. CONCLUSIONS Findings support continued use of telehealth, and we anticipate hybrid models of care will be utilized for people with diabetes beyond the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Eiland
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Proleta Datta
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kaeli Samson
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jerrod Anzalone
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - Carrie McAdam-Marx
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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6
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Gomes DL, da Silva ECB, Reis AL, Carvalhal MMDL, Kikuchi JLD, Uliana GC, Berino TN. Adherence to Online Nutritional Monitoring Was Associated with Better Food Habits in People with T1DM during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil. Nutrients 2023; 15:2121. [PMID: 37432251 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Until this moment, no research has been found that has assessed adherence to online nutritional monitoring by adults with Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 (T1DM) during the pandemic. This article aims to analyze the association between eating habits and adherence to nutritional online care by adults with T1DM during social distancing because of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. A cross-sectional study was carried out in July 2020. An online form was used to collect sociodemographic data, financial status, eating habits, carrying out online nutritional monitoring, and adherence to social distancing. Pearson's chi-squared test was performed with adjusted residual analysis and binomial logistic regression analysis (p < 0.05). Out of the 472 adults, only 8.9% had consulted with a nutritionist. Doing nutritional monitoring online during social distancing was associated with a reduction in the consumption of ultra-processed foods (p = 0.021), eating more servings of fruit (p = 0.036), and doing carbohydrate counting (CC) more frequently (p = 0.000). Doing nutritional monitoring online increased adherence to carbohydrate counting by 2.57 times and increased the consumption of fruits by 0.423 times. Therefore, nutritional monitoring, even if performed remotely, can influence the acquisition and maintenance of healthier eating habits, in addition to assisting adherence to the practice of CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Lopes Gomes
- Postgraduate Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Behavior Theory and Research Nucleus, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
- Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | | | - Aline Leão Reis
- Postgraduate Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Behavior Theory and Research Nucleus, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
- Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | | | - Jeane Lorena Dias Kikuchi
- Postgraduate Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Behavior Theory and Research Nucleus, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Correia Uliana
- Postgraduate Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Behavior Theory and Research Nucleus, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Talita Nogueira Berino
- Postgraduate Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Behavior Theory and Research Nucleus, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
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Zucchini S, Scozzarella A, Maltoni G. Multiple influences of the COVID-19 pandemic on children with diabetes: Changes in epidemiology, metabolic control and medical care. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:198-208. [PMID: 37035223 PMCID: PMC10075036 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i3.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has heavily affected health worldwide, with the various forms of diabetes in children experiencing changes at various levels, including epidemiology, diabetic ketoacidosis rates and medical care. Type 1 diabetes showed an apparent increase in incidence, possibly owing to a direct damage of the virus to the β-cell. Diabetic ketoacidosis also increased in association with the general fear of referring patients to the hospital. Most children with diabetes (both type 1 and type 2) did not show a worsening in metabolic control during the first lockdown, possibly owing to a more controlled diet by their parents. Glucose sensor and hybrid closed loop pump technology proved to be effective in all patients with type 1 diabetes during the pandemic, especially because the downloading of data allowed for the practice of tele-medicine. Telemedicine has in fact grown around the world and National Health Systems have started to consider it as a routine activity in clinical practice. The present review encompasses all the aspects related to the effects of the pandemic on the different forms of diabetes in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Zucchini
- Department of Pediatric, IRCCS AOU di Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | | | - Giulio Maltoni
- Department of Pediatric, IRCCS AOU di Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
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8
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Dickey AM, Wasko MM. Digital Disparities in Patient Adoption of Telemedicine. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND INFORMATICS 2023. [DOI: 10.4018/ijhisi.318043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Telemedicine's growth during the COVID-19 pandemic exposed digital and health disparities in U.S. communities. Public health advocates suggest disparities in healthcare access may be mitigated through free or low-cost broadband. However, prior research shows that many factors influence patient adoption of information technologies; therefore, increasing access to broadband alone is insufficient. This paper advances a patient-centered model of telemedicine (TM) adoption supported by qualitative interview data. The model illustrates that patient adoption of TM is driven by a complex sociotechnical system comprised of technology factors, structural factors underlying the provider's provision of TM, and individual patient factors. Findings highlight the importance of the physical place of the TM visit, the need for experienced TM healthcare workers and technology support for patients, the impact of provider-mandated technology on task-technology fit (TTF), and the strength of the patient-provider relationship. These factors affect patient perceptions of TTF and ultimately TM adoption.
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9
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Klonoff AN, (Andy) Lee WA, Xu NY, Nguyen KT, DuBord A, Kerr D. Six Digital Health Technologies That Will Transform Diabetes. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2023; 17:239-249. [PMID: 34558330 PMCID: PMC9846384 DOI: 10.1177/19322968211043498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The digital health revolution is transforming the landscape of medicine through innovations in sensor data, software, and wireless communication tools. As one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in the United States, diabetes is particularly impactful as a model disease for which to apply innovation. As with any other newly developed technologies, there are three key questions to consider: 1) How can the technology benefit people with diabetes?, 2) What barriers must be overcome to further advance the technology?, and 3) How will the technology be applied in the future?. In this article, we highlight six areas of innovation that have the potential to reduce the burden of diabetes for individuals living with the condition and their families as well as provide measurable benefits for all stakeholders involved in diabetes care. The six technologies which have the potential to transform diabetes care are (i) telehealth, (ii) incorporation of diabetes digital data into the electronic health record, (iii) qualitative hypoglycemia alarms, (iv) artificial intelligence, (v) cybersecurity of diabetes devices, and (vi) diabetes registries. To be successful, a new digital health technology must be accessible and affordable. Furthermore, the people and communities that would most likely benefit from the technology must be willing to use the innovation in their management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N. Klonoff
- University of Southern California, Los
Angeles, CA, USA
- Alexander N. Klonoff, MD, MBA, LAC+USC
Medical Center, 2020 Zonal Avenue, IRD 620, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | | | - Nicole Y. Xu
- Diabetes Technology Society,
Burlingame, CA, USA
| | | | | | - David Kerr
- Sansum Diabetes Research Institute,
Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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10
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Yoo JH, Kim JH. Advances in Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Integrated Devices for Management of Diabetes with Insulin-Based Therapy: Improvement in Glycemic Control. Diabetes Metab J 2023; 47:27-41. [PMID: 36635028 PMCID: PMC9925143 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2022.0271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) technology has evolved over the past decade with the integration of various devices including insulin pumps, connected insulin pens (CIPs), automated insulin delivery (AID) systems, and virtual platforms. CGM has shown consistent benefits in glycemic outcomes in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treated with insulin. Moreover, the combined effect of CGM and education have been shown to improve glycemic outcomes more than CGM alone. Now a CIP is the expected future technology that does not need to be worn all day like insulin pumps and helps to calculate insulin doses with a built-in bolus calculator. Although only a few clinical trials have assessed the effectiveness of CIPs, they consistently show benefits in glycemic outcomes by reducing missed doses of insulin and improving problematic adherence. AID systems and virtual platforms made it possible to achieve target glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetes while minimizing hypoglycemia, which has always been challenging in T1DM. Now fully automatic AID systems and tools for diabetes decisions based on artificial intelligence are in development. These advances in technology could reduce the burden associated with insulin treatment for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Hee Yoo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyeon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
- Corresponding author: Jae Hyeon Kim https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5001-963X Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea E-mail:
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11
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Limbert C, Tinti D, Malik F, Kosteria I, Messer L, Jalaludin MY, Benitez-Aguirre P, Biester S, Corathers S, von Sengbusch S, Marcovecchio ML. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: The delivery of ambulatory diabetes care to children and adolescents with diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2022; 23:1243-1269. [PMID: 36537530 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Limbert
- Unit of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Lisbon, Portugal.,Nova Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Davide Tinti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Faisal Malik
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ioanna Kosteria
- Department of Endocrinology, Growth & Development, "P&A Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Laurel Messer
- Barbara Davis Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Paul Benitez-Aguirre
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sarah Biester
- Diabetes-Center for Children and Adolescents, Children's Hospital "Auf der Bult", Hannover, Germany
| | - Sarah Corathers
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Simone von Sengbusch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Campus Lübeck, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - M Loredana Marcovecchio
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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12
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Vimalananda VG, Brito JP, Eiland LA, Lal RA, Maraka S, McDonnell ME, Narla RR, Roth MY, Crossen SS. Appropriate Use of Telehealth Visits in Endocrinology: Policy Perspective of the Endocrine Society. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:2953-2962. [PMID: 36194041 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This work aims to guide clinicians practicing endocrinology in the use of telehealth (synchronous patient-clinician visits conducted over video or telephone) for outpatient care. PARTICIPANTS The Endocrine Society convened a 9-member panel of US endocrinologists with expertise in telehealth clinical care, telehealth operations, patient-centered care, health care delivery research, and/or evidence-based medicine. EVIDENCE The panel conducted a literature search to identify studies published since 2000 about telehealth in endocrinology. One member extracted a list of factors affecting the quality of endocrine care via telehealth from the extant literature. The panel grouped these factors into 5 domains: clinical, patient, patient-clinician relationship, clinician, and health care setting and technology. CONSENSUS PROCESS For each domain, 2 or 3 members drew on existing literature and their expert opinions to draft a section examining the effect of the domain's component factors on the appropriateness of telehealth use within endocrine practice. Appropriateness was evaluated in the context of the 6 Institute of Medicine aims for health care quality: patient-centeredness, equity, safety, effectiveness, timeliness, and efficiency. The panel held monthly virtual meetings to discuss and revise each domain. Two members wrote the remaining sections and integrated them with the domains to create the full policy perspective, which was reviewed and revised by all members. CONCLUSIONS Telehealth has become a common care modality within endocrinology. This policy perspective summarizes the factors determining telehealth appropriateness in various patient care scenarios. Strategies to increase the quality of telehealth care are offered. More research is needed to develop a robust evidence base for future guideline development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha G Vimalananda
- Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, Massachusetts 01730, USA
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition & Weight Management, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Juan P Brito
- Knowledge and Evaluation Research (KER) Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Leslie A Eiland
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Rayhan A Lal
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Spyridoula Maraka
- Knowledge and Evaluation Research (KER) Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Section of Endocrinology, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Marie E McDonnell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Radhika R Narla
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mara Y Roth
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Stephanie S Crossen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
- Center for Health and Technology, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, California, USA
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13
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Tanenbaum ML, Zaharieva DP, Addala A, Prahalad P, Hooper JA, Leverenz B, Cortes AL, Arrizon-Ruiz N, Pang E, Bishop F, Maahs DM. 'Much more convenient, just as effective': Experiences of starting continuous glucose monitoring remotely following Type 1 diabetes diagnosis. Diabet Med 2022; 39:e14923. [PMID: 35899591 PMCID: PMC9579993 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Initiating continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) shortly after Type 1 diabetes diagnosis has glycaemic and quality of life benefits for youth with Type 1 diabetes and their families. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic led to a rapid shift to virtual delivery of CGM initiation visits. We aimed to understand parents' experiences receiving virtual care to initiate CGM within 30 days of diagnosis. METHODS We held focus groups and interviews using a semi-structured interview guide with parents of youth who initiated CGM over telehealth within 30 days of diagnosis during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Questions aimed to explore experiences of starting CGM virtually. Groups and interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Participants were 16 English-speaking parents (age 43 ± 6 years; 63% female) of 15 youth (age 9 ± 4 years; 47% female; 47% non-Hispanic White, 20% Hispanic, 13% Asian, 7% Black, 13% other). They described multiple benefits of the virtual visit including convenient access to high-quality care; integrating Type 1 diabetes care into daily life; and being in the comfort of home. A minority experienced challenges with virtual care delivery; most preferred the virtual format. Participants expressed that clinics should offer a choice of virtual or in-person to families initiating CGM in the future. CONCLUSION Most parents appreciated receiving CGM initiation education via telehealth and felt it should be an option offered to all families. Further efforts can continue to enhance CGM initiation teaching virtually to address identified barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly L Tanenbaum
- Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Dessi P Zaharieva
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ananta Addala
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Priya Prahalad
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Julie A Hooper
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Brianna Leverenz
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ana L Cortes
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Nora Arrizon-Ruiz
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Erica Pang
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Franziska Bishop
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - David M Maahs
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford, California, USA
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14
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Venema A, Peeks F, Rossi A, Jager EA, Derks TGJ. Towards values-based healthcare for inherited metabolic disorders: An overview of current practices for persons with liver glycogen storage disease and fatty acid oxidation disorders. J Inherit Metab Dis 2022; 45:1018-1027. [PMID: 36088581 PMCID: PMC9828459 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Value-based healthcare (VBHC) intends to achieve better outcomes for patients, to improve quality of patient care, with reduced costs. Four dimensions define a model of intimately related value-pillars: personal value, allocative value, technical value, and societal value. VBHC is mostly applied in common diseases, and there are fundamental challenges in applying VBHC strategies to low volume, high complex healthcare situations, such as rare diseases, including inherited metabolic disorders. This article summarizes current practices at various academical domains (i.e., research, healthcare, education, and training) that (aim to) increase values at various value-pillars for persons with liver glycogen storage diseases or fatty acid oxidation disorders and their families. Future perspectives may include facilitating virtual networks to function as integrated practice units, improving measurement of outcomes, and creating information technology platforms to overcome the ethical, legal, societal, and technical challenges of data sharing for healthcare and research purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annieke Venema
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Fabian Peeks
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Alessandro Rossi
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of PediatricsUniversity of Naples “Federico II”NaplesItaly
| | - Emmalie A. Jager
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Terry G. J. Derks
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
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15
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Although telemedicine and telehealth services have been a part of type 1 diabetes (T1D) clinical care for several decades, the expansion of in-home telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic significantly increased interest in long-term use as part of routine care. This review highlights the current literature regarding telemedicine in T1D care as well as the benefits and barriers to use in a postpandemic world. RECENT FINDINGS Telemedicine has increased patient contact with healthcare providers, allowing for more frequent insulin dose adjustments and improvements in glycemic outcomes. In addition to routine clinical care, T1D device training and mental healthcare have been successful through telemedicine. Significant barriers to continued telemedicine care exist, including patient access and technology knowledge, language, and loss of face-to-face interaction. Healthcare providers additionally face unpredictable reimbursement and loss of continuity across state lines, and lack of resources and training for device downloads and telemedicine software. SUMMARY Telemedicine can be successfully used in T1D care and has the potential to significantly impact glycemic and long-term outcomes. Due to continued interest for in-person visits by people with T1D and providers, it is likely that long-term telemedicine use will include a hybrid format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin C Cobry
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes Institution, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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16
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Haynes SC, Marcin JP. Pediatric Telemedicine: Lessons Learned During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic and Opportunities for Growth. Adv Pediatr 2022; 69:1-11. [PMID: 35985702 PMCID: PMC8979775 DOI: 10.1016/j.yapd.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The accelerated uptake of telemedicine during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has resulted in valuable experience and evidence on the delivery of telemedicine for pediatric patients. The pandemic has also highlighted inequities and opportunities for improvement. This review discusses lessons learned during the pandemic, focusing on provider-to-patient virtual encounters. Recent evidence on education and training, developing and adapting clinical workflows, patient assessment and treatment, and family-centered care is reviewed. Opportunities for future research in pediatric telemedicine are discussed, specifically with regard to engaging pediatric patients, improving and measuring access to care, addressing health equity, and expanding the evidence base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Haynes
- Department of Pediatrics, UC Davis School of Medicine, UC Davis Center for Health and Technology, 4610 X Street, Suite 2300, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - James P Marcin
- Department of Pediatrics, UC Davis School of Medicine, UC Davis Center for Health and Technology, 4610 X Street, Suite 2300, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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17
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Espinoza JC, Chin SW, Shah P, Tut M, Raymond JK. Proposing a Practical, Simplified Framework for Implementing Integrated Diabetes Data and Technology Solutions. FRONTIERS IN CLINICAL DIABETES AND HEALTHCARE 2022; 3:867284. [PMID: 36992736 PMCID: PMC10012144 DOI: 10.3389/fcdhc.2022.867284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a uniquely quantifiable disease, and as technology and data have proliferated over the past two decades, so have the tools to manage diabetes. Patients and providers have at their disposal devices, applications, and data platforms that generate immense amounts of data, provide critical insights into a patient’s disease, and allow for personalization of treatment plans. However, the proliferation of options also comes with new burdens for providers: selecting the right tool, getting buy-in from leadership, defining the business case, implementation, and maintenance of the new technology. The complexity of these steps can be overwhelming and sometimes lead to inaction, depriving providers and patients of the advantages of technology-assisted diabetes care. Conceptually, the adoption of digital health solutions can be thought of as occurring in five interconnected phases: Needs Assessment, Solution Identification, Integration, Implementation, and Evaluation. There are a number of existing frameworks to help guide much of this process, but relatively little attention has been focused on integration. Integration is a critical phase for a number of contractual, compliance, financial, and technical processes. Missing a step or doing them out of order can lead to significant delays and potentially wasted resources. To address this gap, we have developed a practical, simplified framework for integrating diabetes data and technology solutions that can guide clinicians and clinical leaders on the critical steps in adopting and implementing a new technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C. Espinoza
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Translational Informatics, Information Services Department, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Juan C. Espinoza,
| | - Steven W. Chin
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Fetal and Neonatal Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Payal Shah
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Maurice Tut
- Translational Informatics, Information Services Department, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer K. Raymond
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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18
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Kompala T, Neinstein AB. Smart Insulin Pens: Advancing Digital Transformation and a Connected Diabetes Care Ecosystem. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2022; 16:596-604. [PMID: 33435704 PMCID: PMC9294591 DOI: 10.1177/1932296820984490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
With the first commercially available smart insulin pens, the predominant insulin delivery device for millions of people living with diabetes is now coming into the digital age. Smart insulin pens (SIPs) have the potential to reshape a connected diabetes care ecosystem for patients, providers, and health systems. Existing SIPs are enhanced with real-time wireless connectivity, digital dose capture, and integration with personalized dosing decision support. Automatic dose capture can promote effective retrospective review of insulin dose data, particularly when paired with glucose data. Patients, providers, and diabetes care teams will be able to make increasingly data-driven decisions and recommendations, in real time, during scheduled visits, and in a more continuous, asynchronous care model. As SIPs continue to progress along the path of digital transformation, we can expect additional benefits: iteratively improving software, machine learning, and advanced decision support. Both these technological advances, and future care delivery models with asynchronous interactions, will depend on easy, open, and continuous data exchange between the growing number of diabetes devices. SIPs have a key role in modernizing diabetes care for a large population of people living with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejaswi Kompala
- Department of Medicine, University of
California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Tejaswi Kompala, MD, University of
California, San Francisco, 1700 Owens Street, Suite 541, San Francisco, CA
94158, USA.
| | - Aaron B. Neinstein
- Department of Medicine, University of
California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Digital Health Innovation,
University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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19
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Crossen SS, Bruggeman BS, Haller MJ, Raymond JK. Challenges and Opportunities in Using Telehealth for Diabetes Care. Diabetes Spectr 2022; 35:33-42. [PMID: 35308158 PMCID: PMC8914589 DOI: 10.2337/dsi21-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing coronavirus pandemic led to a rapid and dramatic increase in the use of telehealth for diabetes care. In the wake of this transition, we examine new opportunities and ongoing challenges for using telehealth within diabetes management, based on data and experiences from the pre-pandemic and pandemic time frames.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie S. Crossen
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA
- Corresponding author: Stephanie S. Crossen,
| | | | - Michael J. Haller
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Jennifer K. Raymond
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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20
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Kompala T, Neinstein AB. Analysis of "Accuracy of a 14-Day Factory Calibrated Continuous Glucose Monitoring System With Advanced Algorithm in Pediatric and Adult Population With Diabetes". J Diabetes Sci Technol 2022; 16:78-80. [PMID: 33084373 PMCID: PMC8875038 DOI: 10.1177/1932296820967004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study by Alva et al, accuracy of a second-generation factory calibrated continuous glucose monitoring system is evaluated. Compared to the first-generation FreeStyle Libre 14-day system (FSL), accuracy was improved throughout the 14-day wear period, including improved accuracy in hypoglycemia for adults and youth. The addition of optional real-time alerts for hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia as well as an integrated continuous glucose monitor (iCGM) designation by the FDA may further enable users to benefit from using CGM in real time, including in future automated insulin delivery systems. As CGM accuracy, affordability, and accessibility improve, we anticipate increased uptake of CGM by people on intensive insulin therapy, and also potential benefits and expansion into a broader patient population. There are growing opportunities to leverage cloud-connected CGM devices in the increasingly virtual, continuous telehealth-driven diabetes care model, which will require more focus on development and use of data interoperability standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejaswi Kompala
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aaron B. Neinstein
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Digital Health Innovation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Aaron B. Neinstein, MD, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 Owens Street, Suite 541, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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21
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Giani E, Dovc K, Dos Santos TJ, Chobot A, Braune K, Cardona‐Hernandez R, De Beaufort C, Scaramuzza AE. Telemedicine and COVID-19 pandemic: The perfect storm to mark a change in diabetes care. Results from a world-wide cross-sectional web-based survey. Pediatr Diabetes 2021; 22:1115-1119. [PMID: 34741569 PMCID: PMC8661953 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telemedicine for routine care of people with diabetes (PwD) during the COVID-19 pandemic rapidly increased in many countries, helping to address the several barriers usually seen. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to describe healthcare professionals' (HCPs) experience on telemedicine use in diabetes care and investigate the changes and challenges associated with its implementation. METHODS A cross-sectional electronic survey was distributed through the global network of JENIOUS members of ISPAD. Respondents' professional and practice profiles, clinic sizes, their country of practice, and data regarding local telemedicine practices during COVID-19 pandemic were investigated. RESULTS Answers from 209 HCPs from 33 countries were analyzed. During the pandemic, the proportion of PwD receiving telemedicine visits increased from <10% (65.1% of responders) to >50% (66.5%). There was an increase in specific privacy requirements for remote visits (37.3% to 75.6%), data protection policies (42.6% to 74.2%) and reimbursement for remote care (from 41.1% to 76.6%). Overall, 83.3% HCPs reported to be satisfied with the use of telemedicine. Some concerns (17.5%) about the complexity and heterogeneity of the digital platforms to be managed in everyday practice remain, feeding the need for unifying and making interoperable the tools for remote care. Also, 45.5% of professionals reported to feel stressed by the need for extra-time for telemedicine consultations. CONCLUSIONS Telemedicine was rapidly and broadly adopted during the pandemic globally. Some issues related to its use were promptly addressed by local institutions. Challenges with the use of different platforms and for the need of extra-time still remain to be solved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Giani
- Department of Biomedical SciencesHumanitas UniversityMilanItaly
| | - Klemen Dovc
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic DiseasesUMC ‐ University Children's Hospital, Ljubljana, Slovenia, and Faculty of Medicine, University of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Tiago Jeronimo Dos Santos
- Pediatric Unit, Vithas AlmeríaInstituto Hispalense de PediatríaAlmeríaSpain,Department of Public Health, and Epidemiology, School of MedicineUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Agata Chobot
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical SciencesUniversity of OpoleOpolePoland,Department of PediatricsUniversity Clinical HospitalOpolePoland
| | - Katarina Braune
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and DiabetesCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | | | | | - Andrea E. Scaramuzza
- Division of Paediatrics, Pediatric Diabetes, Endocrinology and NutritionASST CremonaCremonaItaly
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22
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Holt RIG, DeVries JH, Hess-Fischl A, Hirsch IB, Kirkman MS, Klupa T, Ludwig B, Nørgaard K, Pettus J, Renard E, Skyler JS, Snoek FJ, Weinstock RS, Peters AL. The management of type 1 diabetes in adults. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetologia 2021; 64:2609-2652. [PMID: 34590174 PMCID: PMC8481000 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05568-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) convened a writing group to develop a consensus statement on the management of type 1 diabetes in adults. The writing group has considered the rapid development of new treatments and technologies and addressed the following topics: diagnosis, aims of management, schedule of care, diabetes self-management education and support, glucose monitoring, insulin therapy, hypoglycaemia, behavioural considerations, psychosocial care, diabetic ketoacidosis, pancreas and islet transplantation, adjunctive therapies, special populations, inpatient management and future perspectives. Although we discuss the schedule for follow-up examinations and testing, we have not included the evaluation and treatment of the chronic microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes as these are well-reviewed and discussed elsewhere. The writing group was aware of both national and international guidance on type 1 diabetes and did not seek to replicate this but rather aimed to highlight the major areas that healthcare professionals should consider when managing adults with type 1 diabetes. Though evidence-based where possible, the recommendations in the report represent the consensus opinion of the authors. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard I G Holt
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
- Southampton National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
| | - J Hans DeVries
- Amsterdam UMC, Internal Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Profil Institute for Metabolic Research, Neuss, Germany
| | - Amy Hess-Fischl
- Kovler Diabetes Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Irl B Hirsch
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M Sue Kirkman
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tomasz Klupa
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Center for Advanced Technologies in Diabetes, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Barbara Ludwig
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kirsten Nørgaard
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Eric Renard
- Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Jay S Skyler
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Frank J Snoek
- Amsterdam UMC, Medical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Anne L Peters
- Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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23
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Holt RIG, DeVries JH, Hess-Fischl A, Hirsch IB, Kirkman MS, Klupa T, Ludwig B, Nørgaard K, Pettus J, Renard E, Skyler JS, Snoek FJ, Weinstock RS, Peters AL. The Management of Type 1 Diabetes in Adults. A Consensus Report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care 2021; 44:2589-2625. [PMID: 34593612 DOI: 10.2337/dci21-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) convened a writing group to develop a consensus statement on the management of type 1 diabetes in adults. The writing group has considered the rapid development of new treatments and technologies and addressed the following topics: diagnosis, aims of management, schedule of care, diabetes self-management education and support, glucose monitoring, insulin therapy, hypoglycemia, behavioral considerations, psychosocial care, diabetic ketoacidosis, pancreas and islet transplantation, adjunctive therapies, special populations, inpatient management, and future perspectives. Although we discuss the schedule for follow-up examinations and testing, we have not included the evaluation and treatment of the chronic microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes as these are well-reviewed and discussed elsewhere. The writing group was aware of both national and international guidance on type 1 diabetes and did not seek to replicate this but rather aimed to highlight the major areas that health care professionals should consider when managing adults with type 1 diabetes. Though evidence-based where possible, the recommendations in the report represent the consensus opinion of the authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard I G Holt
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K. .,Southampton National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, U.K
| | - J Hans DeVries
- Amsterdam UMC, Internal Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Profil Institute for Metabolic Research, Neuss, Germany
| | | | | | - M Sue Kirkman
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Tomasz Klupa
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Center for Advanced Technologies in Diabetes, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Barbara Ludwig
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kirsten Nørgaard
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark.,University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Eric Renard
- Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France.,Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Jay S Skyler
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Frank J Snoek
- Amsterdam UMC, Medical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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24
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Garcia JF, Fogel J, Reid M, Bisno DI, Raymond JK. Telehealth for Young Adults With Diabetes: Addressing Social Determinants of Health. Diabetes Spectr 2021; 34:357-362. [PMID: 34866868 PMCID: PMC8603121 DOI: 10.2337/dsi21-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is a challenging chronic condition and can lead to diabetes-related distress and disengagement. Historically disadvantaged, racially and ethnically diverse young adults (YAs) with type 1 diabetes experience higher blood glucose levels and encounter more barriers to care than their White counterparts. Current research shows that telehealth may provide a route for improving psychosocial issues and diabetes care among YAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaquelin Flores Garcia
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Corresponding author: Jaquelin Flores Garcia,
| | - Jennifer Fogel
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mark Reid
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Daniel I. Bisno
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Jennifer K. Raymond
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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25
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Haynes SC, Kompala T, Neinstein A, Rosenthal J, Crossen S. Disparities in Telemedicine Use for Subspecialty Diabetes Care During COVID-19 Shelter-In-Place Orders. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2021; 15:986-992. [PMID: 33719622 PMCID: PMC8442172 DOI: 10.1177/1932296821997851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, telemedicine use rapidly and dramatically increased for management of diabetes mellitus. It is unknown whether access to telemedicine care has been equitable during this time. This study aimed to identify patient-level factors associated with adoption of telemedicine for subspecialty diabetes care during the pandemic. METHODS We conducted an explanatory sequential mixed-methods study using data from a single academic medical center. We used multivariate logistic regression to explore associations between telemedicine use and demographic factors for patients receiving subspecialty diabetes care between March 19 and June 30, 2020. We then surveyed a sample of patients who received in-person care to understand why these patients did not use telemedicine. RESULTS Among 1292 patients who received subspecialty diabetes care during the study period, those over age 65 were less likely to use telemedicine (OR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.22-0.52, P < .001), as were patients with a primary language other than English (OR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.31-0.91, P = .02), and patients with public insurance (OR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.49-0.84, P = .001). Perceived quality of care and technological barriers were the most common reasons cited for choosing in-person care during the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that, amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been disparities in telemedicine use by age, language, and insurance for patients with diabetes mellitus. We anticipate telemedicine will continue to be an important care modality for chronic conditions in the years ahead. Significant work must therefore be done to ensure that telemedicine services do not introduce or widen population health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Haynes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of
California, Davis, CA, USA
- Center for Health and Technology,
University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Tejaswi Kompala
- Department of Medicine, University of
California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aaron Neinstein
- Department of Medicine, University of
California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Digital Health Innovation,
University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Rosenthal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of
California, Davis, CA, USA
- Center for Health and Technology,
University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie Crossen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of
California, Davis, CA, USA
- Center for Health and Technology,
University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Stephanie Crossen, MD, MPH, Division of
Pediatric Endocrinology, University of California, Davis, 2516 Stockton Blvd,
Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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26
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Shang T, Zhang JY, Bequette BW, Raymond JK, Coté G, Sherr JL, Castle J, Pickup J, Pavlovic Y, Espinoza J, Messer LH, Heise T, Mendez CE, Kim S, Ginsberg BH, Masharani U, Galindo RJ, Klonoff DC. Diabetes Technology Meeting 2020. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2021; 15:916-960. [PMID: 34196228 PMCID: PMC8258529 DOI: 10.1177/19322968211016480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes Technology Society hosted its annual Diabetes Technology Meeting on November 12 to November 14, 2020. This meeting brought together speakers to cover various perspectives about the field of diabetes technology. The meeting topics included artificial intelligence, digital health, telemedicine, glucose monitoring, regulatory trends, metrics for expressing glycemia, pharmaceuticals, automated insulin delivery systems, novel insulins, metrics for diabetes monitoring, and discriminatory aspects of diabetes technology. A live demonstration was presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha Shang
- Diabetes Technology Society, Burlingame, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Jennifer K. Raymond
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gerard Coté
- Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Juan Espinoza
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sarah Kim
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Umesh Masharani
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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27
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Pierce JS, Gurnurkar S, Vyas N, Carakushansky M, Owens L, Patton SR. Feasibility of Implementing a Pediatric Diabetes Clinic via Telehealth. Diabetes Spectr 2021; 34:190-197. [PMID: 34149260 PMCID: PMC8178722 DOI: 10.2337/ds20-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and social distancing guidelines, our pediatric diabetes team rapidly changed the format of conducting diabetes clinic from in person to telehealth. We compared the actual number and rate of completed, canceled, and no-show visits between an 8-week period in 2019, when we exclusively conducted visits in person and the same 8-week period in 2020, during the COVID-19 quarantine, when we exclusively conducted visits via telehealth. METHODS We used electronic health record data for all patients, as well as Dexcom continuous glucose monitoring data collected for a subset of youths during the COVID-19 quarantine and the immediate pre-COVID-19 period. RESULTS Although there was a difference in the absolute number of in-person versus telehealth visits canceled during these two time periods, there was no difference in the rates of completed, canceled, and no-show visits completed in person or via telehealth. This finding suggests that, despite a rapid shift to a completely new health care delivery model, our providers completed a similar rate of patient care via telehealth during the COVID-19 quarantine and that telehealth may be a feasible method for providing diabetes care. However, our results also suggested that youths' glucose management was less optimal during the quarantine period. CONCLUSION COVID-19 presented an opportunity to adopt and test the feasibility of using a telehealth delivery model for routine diabetes care. Yet, to make telehealth a viable treatment delivery alternative will likely involve the uptake of new clinic procedures, investment in institutional infrastructure, and team-based flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S. Pierce
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children’s Hospital, Orlando, FL
- Univeristy of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL
| | - Shilpa Gurnurkar
- Univeristy of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL
- Division of Endocrinology, Nemours Children’s Hospital, Orlando, FL
| | - Neha Vyas
- Univeristy of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL
- Division of Endocrinology, Nemours Children’s Hospital, Orlando, FL
| | - Mauri Carakushansky
- Univeristy of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL
- Division of Endocrinology, Nemours Children’s Hospital, Orlando, FL
| | - Lindsay Owens
- Univeristy of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL
| | - Susana R. Patton
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children’s Specialty Care, Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL
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28
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Braune K, Boss K, Schmidt-Herzel J, Gajewska KA, Thieffry A, Schulze L, Posern B, Raile K. Shaping Workflows in Digital and Remote Diabetes Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic via Service Design: Prospective, Longitudinal, Open-label Feasibility Trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2021; 9:e24374. [PMID: 33571104 PMCID: PMC8023381 DOI: 10.2196/24374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic poses new challenges to health care providers and the delivery of continuous care. Although many diabetes technologies, such as insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitors, have been established, the data from these devices are rarely assessed. Furthermore, telemedicine has not been sufficiently integrated into clinical workflows. OBJECTIVE We sought to remotely support children with type 1 diabetes and their caregivers, enhance the clinical outcomes and quality of life of children with diabetes, increase multiple stakeholders' engagement with digital care via a participatory approach, evaluate the feasibility of using an interoperable open-source platform in a university hospital setting, and analyze the success factors and barriers of transitioning from conventional care to digital care. METHODS Service design methods were used to adapt clinical workflows. Remote consultations were performed on a monthly and on-demand basis. Diabetes device data were uploaded from patients' homes to an open-source platform. Clinical and patient-reported outcomes were assessed before, during, and after the COVID-19 lockdown period in Germany. RESULTS A total of 28 children with type 1 diabetes and their caregivers enrolled in this study and completed 6 months of remote visits. Of these 28 participants, 16 (57%) also opted to attend at least one of their regular visits remotely. After 3 months of remote visits, participants' time in range (P=.001) and time in hyperglycemia (P=.004) significantly improved, and their time in hypoglycemia did not increase. These improvements were maintained during the COVID-19 lockdown period (ie, between months 3 and 6 of this study). Participants' psychosocial health improved after 6 months. CONCLUSIONS Remote consultations and commonly shared data access can improve the clinical outcomes and quality of life of children with type 1 diabetes, even during challenging circumstances. A service design approach helped with the delivery of comprehensive and holistic solutions that accounted for the needs of multiple stakeholders. Our findings can inform the future integration of digital tools into clinical care during and beyond the pandemic. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00016170; https://tinyurl.com/skz4wdk5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Braune
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karina Boss
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jessica Schmidt-Herzel
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Axel Thieffry
- Novo Nordisk Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Klemens Raile
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Berlin, Germany
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Yarbrough
- Telehealth Resource Center, UC Health System, San Francisco, California, USA
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30
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Fisher L, Glasgow RE, Huebschmann A. A Scoping Review and General User's Guide for Facilitating the Successful Use of eHealth Programs for Diabetes in Clinical Care. Diabetes Technol Ther 2021; 23:133-145. [PMID: 32865431 PMCID: PMC8020562 DOI: 10.1089/dia.2020.0383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The vast eHealth literature in diabetes can provide a useful foundation to aid in the selection, adoption, and implementation of eHealth methodologies in clinical care. Despite clear potential to enhance reach, efficiency, and clinical effectiveness, research has yielded mixed and often contradictory results, and wide-spread adoption and maintenance of eHealth programs in clinical care has been limited. Furthermore, few reports have identified the unique challenges that clinicians and health systems face when attempting to incorporate eHealth systems into clinical care. To address these gaps, we address two goals in this report: first, to summarize and integrate the major findings of the diabetes-related eHealth literature based on currently available systematic and narrative reviews; and second, based on the review, to provide practical guidelines to assist clinicians and health systems in selecting and implementing eHealth programs into diabetes care using dissemination and implementation science principles and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Fisher
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Russell E. Glasgow
- Department of Family Medicine, and Adult and Child Consortium for Research in Delivery Science (ACCORDS), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Amy Huebschmann
- Virtual Diabetes Center, Division of General Internal Medicine, Center for Women's Health Research, and ACCORDS, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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31
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The role of telehealth in the care of people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) has expanded dramatically during the coronavirus pandemic, and is expected to remain a major care delivery modality going forward. This review explores the landscape of recent evidence for telehealth in T1D care. RECENT FINDINGS Telemedicine for routine T1D care has shown equivalence to standard in-person care, with respect to glycemic control, while also increasing access, convenience, and satisfaction. Telehealth use promotes increased engagement of adolescents with T1D. Telehealth platforms have successfully been used in the care of microvascular complications and to support mental health related to diabetes. Machine learning and advanced decision support will increasingly be used to augment T1D care, as recent evidence suggests increasing capabilities to improve glycemic control. A spectrum of digital connected care services are emerging to support people with diabetes with daily management of diabetes. Finally, policy and systems are required that promote data interoperability, telemedicine provision, and reimbursement to support the ongoing growth of telehealth in T1D. SUMMARY A developing field of evidence supports use of telehealth in T1D. As this care modality scales, it has the potential to increase access to high-quality diabetes care for many people with T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron B Neinstein
- Department of Medicine
- Center for Digital Health Innovation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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32
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Fisher L, Polonsky W, Asuni A, Jolly Y, Hessler D. The early impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes: A national cohort study. J Diabetes Complications 2020; 34:107748. [PMID: 33059981 PMCID: PMC7539933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To describe the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on adults with T1D or T2D in the U.S. METHODS Participants, recruited from the Taking Control of Your Diabetes Research Registry, were ≥19 years old and diagnosed with either T1D or T2D for ≥12 months. Participants completed an online survey on a HIPAA-protected platform. RESULTS Completed surveys were received from 763 T1Ds and 619 T2Ds. Average T1D age was 53.3 (SD = 15.3); average T2D age was 64.9 (SD = 10.3). Both samples were predominantly female, non-Hispanic white and well-educated. Average self-reported HbA1c was 6.9 (SD = 1.0; 52 mmol/mol) for T1Ds and 7.1 (SD = 1.1; 54 mmol/mol) for T2Ds. About 40% of respondents reported that all of their diabetes healthcare appointments at the time were cancelled or postponed, 40% reported a switch to telehealth appointments and almost half reported lower overall satisfaction with these visits (compared to pre-pandemic). There were widespread increases in general and diabetes-related stress and social isolation, and negative effects on disease management. About 25% reported increases in highs, lows, and glucose variability in both groups. CONCLUSION There has been a substantive increase in level of diabetes-related and general life stress and social isolation due to the pandemic, with a significant impact on disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Fisher
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, United States of America.
| | - William Polonsky
- University of California, San Diego, Behavioral Diabetes Institute, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Adijat Asuni
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, United States of America
| | - Yasmin Jolly
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, United States of America
| | - Danielle Hessler
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, United States of America
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33
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March CA, Flint A, DeArment D, Gilliland A, Kelly K, Rizzitano E, Chrisman A, Muzumdar RH, Libman IM. Paediatric diabetes care during the COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons learned in scaling up telemedicine services. ENDOCRINOLOGY DIABETES & METABOLISM 2020; 4:e00202. [PMID: 33349799 PMCID: PMC7744857 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine A March
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Amanda Flint
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Diana DeArment
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Amy Gilliland
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Karen Kelly
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Ernesto Rizzitano
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Aaron Chrisman
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Radhika H Muzumdar
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Ingrid M Libman
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA
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34
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Levine BJ, Close KL, Gabbay RA. A care team-based classification and population management schema for connected diabetes care. NPJ Digit Med 2020; 3:104. [PMID: 32802969 PMCID: PMC7414210 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-020-00313-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been proposed that telehealth may help to combat the epidemic of diabetes and other chronic diseases in the US. As a result of rapid technological advancement over the past decade, there has been an explosion in virtual diabetes management program offerings rooted in smartphone technology, connected devices for blood glucose monitoring, and remote coaching or support. Such offerings take many forms with unique features. We provide a care team-based classification system for connected diabetes care programs and highlight their strengths and limitations. We also include a framework for how the different classes of connected diabetes care may be deployed in a health system to promote improved population health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert A. Gabbay
- Joslin Diabetes Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
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35
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Misra A, Bloomgarden Z. Diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic: A global call to reconnect with patients and emphasize lifestyle changes and optimize glycemic and blood pressure control. J Diabetes 2020; 12:556-557. [PMID: 32419360 PMCID: PMC7276829 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Misra
- Fortis‐C‐DOC Centre of Excellence for Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases and EndocrinologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Zachary Bloomgarden
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone DiseaseIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew York
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