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Gao J, Guo Z, Zhao M, Cheng X, Jiang X, Liu Y, Zhang W, Yue X, Fei X, Jiang Y, Chen L, Zhang S, Zhao T, Zhu L. Lipidomics and mass spectrometry imaging unveil alterations in mice hippocampus lipid composition exposed to hypoxia. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100575. [PMID: 38866327 PMCID: PMC11333011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipids are components of cytomembranes that are involved in various biochemical processes. High-altitude hypoxic environments not only affect the body's energy metabolism, but these environments can also cause abnormal lipid metabolism involved in the hypoxia-induced cognitive impairment. Thus, comprehensive lipidomic profiling of the brain tissue is an essential step toward understanding the mechanism of cognitive impairment induced by hypoxic exposure. In the present study, mice showed reduced new-object recognition and spatial memory when exposed to hypobaric hypoxia for 1 day. Histomorphological staining revealed significant morphological and structural damage to the hippocampal tissue, along with prolonged exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. Dynamic lipidomics of the mouse hippocampus showed a significant shift in both the type and distribution of phospholipids, as verified by spatial lipid mapping. Collectively, a diverse and dynamic lipid composition in mice hippocampus was uncovered, which deepens our understanding of biochemical changes during sustained hypoxic exposure and could provide new insights into the cognitive decline induced by high-altitude hypoxia exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayue Gao
- Department of Brain Plasticity, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiying Guo
- Hepato-pancreato-biliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Brain Plasticity, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Department of Brain Plasticity, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiufang Jiang
- Department of Brain Plasticity, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yikun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangpei Yue
- Department of Brain Plasticity, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuechao Fei
- Department of Brain Plasticity, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqun Jiang
- Department of Brain Plasticity, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Brain Plasticity, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shaojie Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Department of Brain Plasticity, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Zhu
- Department of Brain Plasticity, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
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Khalil LM, El-Refaie WM, Elnaggar YS, Abdelkader H, Al Fatease A, Abdallah OY. Non-invasive caffeinated-nanovesicles as adipocytes-targeted therapy for cellulite and localized fats. Int J Pharm X 2024; 7:100236. [PMID: 38524143 PMCID: PMC10958479 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2024.100236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Caffeine (CAF) is a non-selective adenosine A1 receptor antagonist which predominates in fat cells. When CAF binds to adenosine receptors, it increases cyclic adenosine monophosphate; inhibiting adipogenesis and inducing fat lipolysis. Resveratrol (RSV) is an antioxidant polyphenol possessing different anti-obesity mechanisms. Topical application of both hydrophilic CAF and lipophilic RSV is limited. This study aimed to develop novel caffeinated-resveratrol bilosomes (CRB) and caffeine-bilosomes (CB) that could non-invasively target and deposit in fat cells. RSV bilosomes (RB) were prepared as a non-targeted system for comparison. CRB showed nanosize (364.1 nm ±6.5 nm) and high entrapment for both active compounds. Rats treated topically with CRB revealed a significant decrease (P = 0.039) in body weight. Histological analysis of the excised skin demonstrated a reduction in the subcutaneous fatty layer thickness and a decrease in the size of connective tissue-imbedded fat cells. Kidney histological examination of RB-treated rats showed subcapsular tubular epithelial cells with cytoplasmic vacuolation. This reflects a systemic effect of RSV from the non-targeted RB compared to CRB, which had a targeting effect on the adipose tissue. In conclusion, CAF in CRB significantly enhanced RSV deposition in adipose tissue and assisted its local-acting effect for managing obesity and cellulite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lobna M. Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Wessam M. El-Refaie
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Yosra S.R. Elnaggar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hamdy Abdelkader
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62223, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Al Fatease
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62223, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ossama Y. Abdallah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Wang S, Sun M, Ning Z, Chen Y, Zhou H, Mu W. The effects of sustained and diel-cycling hypoxia on high-latitude fish Phoxinus lagowskii. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2023; 45:101059. [PMID: 36706598 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2023.101059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
High-latitude fish are subjected to sustained and diel-cycling hypoxia. Oxygen deficiency could pose a serious threat to fish, but little information is available regarding the response mechanisms employed by high-latitude fish to sustained and diel-cycling hypoxia. In this study, a combination of transcriptomics and metabolomics were used to examine the molecular response mechanisms actioned by sustained and diel-cycling hypoxia in the high-latitude fish, Phoxinus lagowskii. P. lagowskii was divided into normoxic control (6.0-7.0 mg/L dissolved oxygen), sustained (1.5 mg/L dissolved oxygen), and diel-cycling hypoxic treatment (6.0-7.0 mg/L between 07:00-21:00, and 3.0-4.0 mg/L between 21:00-07:00) tanks for 28 days. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and significantly different metabolites (DMs) related to digestive proteases, lipid metabolism, estrogen signaling pathway, steroid hormone biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism, and tryptophan metabolism were identified from comparative metabolomic and transcriptomic data expression profiles within the liver. The current study found that P. lagowskii had significantly different responses between sustained and diel-cycling hypoxia. P. lagowskii faced with sustained hypoxia may enhance their tolerance capacity through phospholipid and glutathione metabolism. Our data provide new insights into the high latitude fish coping with changes in hypoxia and warrants further investigation into these potentially important genes and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Mingyang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Zhaoyang Ning
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Yingqiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Haishui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Weijie Mu
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China.
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Wearing OH, Scott GR. Evolved reductions in body temperature and the metabolic costs of thermoregulation in deer mice native to high altitude. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20221553. [PMID: 36168757 PMCID: PMC9515628 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.1553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of endothermy was instrumental to the diversification of birds and mammals, but the energetic demands of maintaining high body temperature could offset the advantages of endothermy in some environments. We hypothesized that reductions in body temperature help high-altitude natives overcome the metabolic challenges of cold and hypoxia in their native environment. Deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) from high-altitude and low-altitude populations were bred in captivity to the second generation and were acclimated as adults to warm normoxia or cold hypoxia. Subcutaneous temperature (Tsub, used as a proxy for body temperature) and cardiovascular function were then measured throughout the diel cycle using biotelemetry. Cold hypoxia increased metabolic demands, as reflected by increased food consumption and heart rate (associated with reduced vagal tone). These increased metabolic demands were offset by plastic reductions in Tsub (approx. 2°C) in response to cold hypoxia, and highlanders had lower Tsub (approx. 1°C) than lowlanders in both environmental treatments. Empirical and theoretical evidence suggested that these reductions could together reduce metabolic demands by approximately 10-30%. Therefore, plastic and evolved reductions in body temperature can help mammals overcome the metabolic challenges at high altitude and may be a valuable energy-saving strategy in some non-hibernating endotherms in extreme environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver H. Wearing
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Life Sciences Building, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4K1
| | - Graham R. Scott
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Life Sciences Building, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4K1
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Xu J, Chen WJ, Wang Z, Xin MY, Gao SH, Liu WJ, Wang KK, Ma JW, Yan XZ, Ren YM. Profiles of transcriptome and metabolic pathways after hypobaric hypoxia exposure. Proteome Sci 2022; 20:16. [PMID: 36153524 PMCID: PMC9508752 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-022-00198-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia is a risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases, leading to permanent imbalance of liver lipid homeostasis and steatohepatitis. However, a detailed understanding of the metabolic genes and pathways involved remains elusive. METHODS In vivo experiments were designed to analyze body weight and lipid metabolism changes of rats under hypoxia. After this, we combined microarray analysis and gene overexpression experiments to validate the core mechanisms involved in the response to hypoxia. RESULTS The hypobaric hypoxia treated rats exhibited significantly increased serum triglycerides (TG) (p < 0.05), despite no significant changes in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and blood glucose (BG) were observed. In addition, serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) greatly increased after 3 days and then returned to normal level at 30 days. Interestingly, serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) showed an opposite pattern. Transcriptome analysis, qRT-PCR, ICC revealed that the genes PPARA, ANGPTL4, CPT-I, ACC and LPL play a crucial role in response to hypobaric hypoxia. IPA pathway analysis further confirmed that PPARA-mediated regulation of ANGPTL4 participated in TG clearance and lipoprotein metabolism. Finally, the PPARA-ANGPTL4 pathway was validated in rats and HL 7702 cells treated with Fenofibrate, a PPARA specific agonist. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed this pathway plays an important role on lipid metabolism caused by hypobaric hypoxia and the potential target genes associated with oxygen-dependent lipid homeostasis in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xu
- Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, China
| | - Wen-Jie Chen
- Qinghai University Clinical Medicine Class 6, Grade 20, Xining, 810001, China
| | - Zhan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ming-Yuan Xin
- Qinghai University Clinical Medicine Class 1, Grade 19, Xining, 810001, China
| | - Shen-Han Gao
- Qinghai University, Plateau Biology Jing Ying Class, 19 Grade, Xining, 810001, China
| | - Wen-Jing Liu
- Qinghai University the Graduate Student of Foundation Medical of 2020, Xining, 810001, China
| | - Kai-Kun Wang
- Qinghai University Clinical Medicine Class 3, Grade 20, Xining, 810001, China
| | - Jing-Wei Ma
- Qinghai University Clinical Medicine Class 1, Grade 19, Xining, 810001, China
| | - Xin-Zong Yan
- Qinghai University the Graduate Student of Foundation Medical of 2021, Xining, 810001, China
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Khalil LM, Abdallah OY, Elnaggar YS, El-Refaie WM. Novel dermal nanobilosomes with promising browning effect of adipose tissue for management of obesity. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hasson TS, Said E, Helal MG. Nifuroxazide modulates hepatic expression of LXRs/SR-BI/CES1/CYP7A1 and LDL-R and attenuates experimentally-induced hypercholesterolemia and the associated cardiovascular complications. Life Sci 2022; 306:120790. [PMID: 35817168 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a serious disorders affecting the metabolism of fats in the human body, and it is usually associated with some serious cardiovascular complications increasing the risk for sudden death. Nifuroxazide (NFR) is an oral nitrofuran antibiotic that has long been used for management of diarrhea and recently various recent out merging valuable therapeutic impacts were reported. The current study sought the concept of repositioning nifuroxazide in management of hyperlipidemia. Hyperlipidemia was induced in male rabbits using cholesterol enriched diet for 9 weeks and starting from the beginning of 5th week; NFR (100 and 300 mg/kg) were administered once daily for the further 5 weeks; till the end of the 9th week of the experiment. NFR significantly recovered balanced lipid profile as serum cholesterol, total glycerides, LDL significantly declined with significant elevation in serum HDL. Meanwhile, serum LDH, CK, ALT and AST activities were significantly corrected. These biochemical changes were correlated with significant improvement in the histopathological examination of hepatic, cardiac and aortic specimen with decreased expression of CD68 and Ki67 in the myocardium and the aorta implying retraction in macrophages' infiltration and tissue regeneration. Myocardial specimen confirmed significant recovery with preservation of cardiac muscle fibers. Aortic specimen confirmed retraction in the aortic thickness and fewer deposition of fat globules. In conclusion, NFR attenuated experimentally-induced hyperlipidemia with significant recovery of serum profile and tissue necrotic changes. The histopathological examination of hepatic, myocardial and aortic specimen confirmed the onset of tissues' recovery alongside biochemical improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Shaker Hasson
- Dep. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Eman Said
- Dep. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Faculty of Pharmacy, New Mansoura University, New Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Manar Gamal Helal
- Dep. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Feng J, Wang X, Lu Y, Yu C, Wang X, Feng L. BAIBA Involves in Hypoxic Training Induced Browning of White Adipose Tissue in Obese Rats. Front Physiol 2022; 13:882151. [PMID: 35832480 PMCID: PMC9272788 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.882151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, obesity has become an important risk factor for human health; how to effectively prevent and reduce the occurrence of obesity is a hot research topic in recent years. Hypoxic training effectively improves abnormalities of lipid metabolism caused by obesity. The current study explored the effects of hypoxic training on BAIBA secretion and white fat browning in inguinal fat in obese rats. Analyses were performed by HPLC/MS/MS—MS/MS, RT-q PCR and western blot methods. The findings showed that 4 weeks of hypoxic training reduced body weight, Lee’s index, and regulated blood lipid profile in obese rats. Hypoxic training up-regulated BAIBA concentration in gastrocnemius muscle and circulation in obese rats. Hypoxic training significantly upregulated expression of PPARα and UCP-1 in inguinal fat of obese rats and increased white fat browning. The findings showed that BAIBA may involve in improveing blood lipid profile and white fat browning by modulating PPARα and UCP-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Feng
- Exercise Biology Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuebing Wang
- Exercise Biology Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
- College of Physical Education, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yingli Lu
- Exercise Biology Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yingli Lu,
| | - Chang Yu
- Exercise Biology Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- Exercise Biology Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Lianshi Feng
- Exercise Biology Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
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Scanes CG, Witt J, Ebeling M, Schaller S, Baier V, Bone AJ, Preuss TG, Heckmann D. Quantitative Comparison of Avian and Mammalian Physiologies for Parameterization of Physiologically Based Kinetic Models. Front Physiol 2022; 13:858386. [PMID: 35450159 PMCID: PMC9016154 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.858386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiologically based kinetic (PBK) models facilitate chemical risk assessment by predicting in vivo exposure while reducing the need for animal testing. PBK models for mammals have seen significant progress, which has yet to be achieved for avian systems. Here, we quantitatively compare physiological, metabolic and anatomical characteristics between birds and mammals, with the aim of facilitating bird PBK model development. For some characteristics, there is considerable complementarity between avian and mammalian species with identical values for the following: blood hemoglobin and hemoglobin concentrations per unit erythrocyte volume together with relative weights of the liver, heart, and lungs. There are also systematic differences for some major characteristics between avian and mammalian species including erythrocyte volume, plasma concentrations of albumin, total protein and triglyceride together with liver cell size and relative weights of the kidney, spleen, and ovary. There are also major differences between characteristics between sexually mature and sexually immature female birds. For example, the relative weights of the ovary and oviduct are greater in sexually mature females compared to immature birds as are the plasma concentrations of triglyceride and vitellogenin. Both these sets of differences reflect the genetic "blue print" inherited from ancestral archosaurs such as the production of large eggs with yolk filled oocytes surrounded by egg white proteins, membranes and a calciferous shell together with adaptions for flight in birds or ancestrally in flightless birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin G. Scanes
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
- Department of Biological Science, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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Toktogulova N, Tuhvatshin R. Features of the Course of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Experimental Animals at High Altitudes. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.7506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nearly 25% of adults worldwide are affected by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). taged changes in the liver from steatosis progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and its complicated forms such as fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. There are very few data in the literature on the development of NAFLD in conditions of high altitude. There are no data on the state of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in NAFLD in high altitude conditions. Thus, simulating NAFLD on animals in artificial highlands will help find answers to these questions.
Aim: to study the features of the course of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in experimental animals in artificial high-mountain conditions.
Material and methods: The study was carried out on 180 male Wistar rats. 7 groups of experimental animals were formed, which were divided into control and experimental groups. The rats of the control group were on a standard diet. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was modeled by keeping animals on a diet (Ackermann et al., 2005) rich in fructose and fat in low and high mountain conditions (in a pressure chamber 6000 m above sea level) for 35 and 70 days. In all groups of animals, the following was determined: the concentration of total bilirubin (TB), the activity of the enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), the level of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), the total protein content in plasma (TP), pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines.
Results: In animals on a diet enriched with fructose and fat, it equally led to the inhibition of the synthetic function of the liver, both in high altitude and in low altitudes. Liver enzyme levels were uncertain. AST levels were high in all major groups, with a similar upward trend at 5 and 10 weeks on the fructose-fortified diet. The greatest shift was observed on the part of ALT in animals under conditions of hypobaric hypoxia, the growth of which was statistically significantly lower than in the low- altitude groups. The opposite picture was observed in pigment metabolism. Indicators of total cholesterol and LDL increased almost twofold in the main high- altitude groups, and were significantly higher than the indicators of low- altitude animals with p <0.001. The activity of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the main group, when the animals were raised in the pressure chamber, statistically significantly increased after 5 weeks compared to the low-altitude group by more than 2 times and statistically significantly correlated with cytolysis syndromes, hypercholesterolemia and impaired synthetic function against the background of liver hypoergosis.
Conclusion: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in animals on a special diet enriched with fructose under conditions of hypobaric hypoxia is characterized by deeper violations of pigment metabolism, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and lipid spectrum with simultaneously statistically significant low alanine aminotransferase indices compared to low-altitude groups on an identical diet.
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Pooja, Sharma V, Meena RN, Ray K, Panjwani U, Varshney R, Sethy NK. TMT-Based Plasma Proteomics Reveals Dyslipidemia Among Lowlanders During Prolonged Stay at High Altitudes. Front Physiol 2021; 12:730601. [PMID: 34721061 PMCID: PMC8554329 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.730601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute exposure to high altitude perturbs physiological parameters and induces an array of molecular changes in healthy lowlanders. However, activation of compensatory mechanisms and biological processes facilitates high altitude acclimatization. A large number of lowlanders stay at high altitude regions from weeks to months for work and professional commitments, and thus are vulnerable to altitude-associated disorders. Despite this, there is a scarcity of information for molecular changes associated with long-term stay at high altitudes. In the present study, we evaluated oxygen saturation (SpO2), heart rate (HR), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) of lowlanders after short- (7 days, HA-D7) and long-term (3 months, HA-D150) stay at high altitudes, and used TMT-based proteomics studies to decipher plasma proteome alterations. We observed improvements in SpO2 levels after prolonged stay, while HR, SBP, and DBP remained elevated as compared with short-term stay. Plasma proteomics studies revealed higher levels of apolipoproteins APOB, APOCI, APOCIII, APOE, and APOL, and carbonic anhydrases (CA1 and CA2) during hypoxia exposure. Biological network analysis also identified profound alterations in lipoprotein-associated pathways like plasma lipoprotein assembly, VLDL clearance, chylomicron assembly, chylomicron remodeling, plasma lipoprotein clearance, and chylomicron clearance. In corroboration, lipid profiling revealed higher levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) for HA-D150 whereas high density lipoproteins (HDL) levels were lower as compared with HA-D7 and sea-level indicating dyslipidemia. We also observed higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNFα, and CRP for HA-D150 along with oxidized LDL (oxLDL), suggesting vascular inflammation and proartherogenic propensity. These results demonstrate that long-term stay at high altitudes exacerbates dyslipidemia and associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja
- Peptide and Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vandana Sharma
- Peptide and Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ram Niwas Meena
- Peptide and Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Koushik Ray
- Neurophysiology Department, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Usha Panjwani
- Neurophysiology Department, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajeev Varshney
- Peptide and Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Niroj Kumar Sethy
- Peptide and Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Morin R, Goulet N, Mauger JF, Imbeault P. Physiological Responses to Hypoxia on Triglyceride Levels. Front Physiol 2021; 12:730935. [PMID: 34497541 PMCID: PMC8419320 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.730935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a condition during which the body or specific tissues are deprived of oxygen. This phenomenon can occur in response to exposure to hypoxic environmental conditions such as high-altitude, or because of pathophysiological conditions such as obstructive sleep apnea. Circumstances such as these can restrict supply or increase consumption of oxygen, leading to oxyhemoglobin desaturation and tissue hypoxia. In certain cases, hypoxia may lead to severe health consequences such as an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. A potential explanation for the link between hypoxia and an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases lies in the disturbing effect of hypoxia on circulating blood lipids, specifically its capacity to increase plasma triglyceride concentrations. Increased circulating triglyceride levels result from the production of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, such as very-low-density lipoproteins and chylomicrons, exceeding their clearance rate. Considerable research in murine models reports that hypoxia may have detrimental effects on several aspects of triglyceride metabolism. However, in humans, the mechanisms underlying the disturbing effect of hypoxia on triglyceride levels remain unclear. In this mini-review, we outline the available evidence on the physiological responses to hypoxia and their impact on circulating triglyceride levels. We also discuss mechanisms by which hypoxia affects various organs involved in the metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. This information will benefit scientists and clinicians interested in the mechanistic of the regulatory cascade responsible for the response to hypoxia and how this response could lead to a deteriorated lipid profile and an increased risk of developing hypoxia-related health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée Morin
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nicholas Goulet
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jean-François Mauger
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Pascal Imbeault
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Hôpital Montfort, Institut du Savoir Montfort, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Zhang X, Huang C, Li X, Shangguan Z, Wei W, Liu S, Yang S, Liu Y. HFD and HFD-provoked hepatic hypoxia act as reciprocal causation for NAFLD via HIF-independent signaling. BMC Gastroenterol 2020; 20:366. [PMID: 33143650 PMCID: PMC7640429 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-020-01515-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The occurrence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is found to be higher in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), which is characterized by intermittent hypoxia. Activation of hypoxia-inducible factors has been shown in the development and progression of NAFLD, implying a cause and effects relationship between NAFLD and hypoxia. The present study was designed to investigate the interaction of lipotoxicity and hypoxia in the pathogenesis of NAFLD using mice model with high-fat diet (HFD) feeding or hypoxic treatment. Methods NAFLD model was induced in mice by HFD feeding, and in cultured primary hepatocytes by administration of palmitate acid. Mouse hypoxic model was produced by placing the mice in a Animal incubator with oxygen concentration at 75% followed by a 21% oxygen supplement. Hypoxic condition was mimicked by treating the hepatocytes with cobalt chloride (CoCl2) or 1% oxygen supply. Pimonidazole assay was conducted to evaluate hypoxia. Lipid metabolic genes were measured by real-time polymerase-chain reaction. HIF-1α and HIF-2α genes were silenced by siRNA. Results HFD feeding and palmitate acid treatment provoked severe hepatic hypoxia along with TG accumulation in mice and in cultured primary hepatocytes respectively. Conversely, hypoxia induced hepatic TG accumulation in mice and in cultured primary hepatocytes. Hypoxic treatment inhibited the expression of lipolytic genes, while increased the expression of lipogenicgenes in mice. Although both lipotoxicity and hypoxia could activate hepatic hypoxia-induced factor 1α and 2α, while neither lipotoxicity- nor hypoxia- induced hepatic steatosis was affected when HIF was knocked down. Conclusions HFD resulted in hepatic TG accumulation and concomitant hypoxia. Conversely, hypoxia induced hepatic TG accumulation in mice and in cultured heptocytes. Thus lipotoxicity and hypoxia might work as reciprocal causation and orchestrate to promote the development of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Zhang
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, 361003, China.,Xiamen Clinical Medical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Xiamen, China.,Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Diabetes Translational Medicine, Xiamen, China
| | - Caoxin Huang
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, 361003, China.,Xiamen Clinical Medical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Xiamen, China.,Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Diabetes Translational Medicine, Xiamen, China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, 361003, China.,Xiamen Clinical Medical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Xiamen, China.,Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Diabetes Translational Medicine, Xiamen, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhaoshui Shangguan
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wenjing Wei
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, 361003, China.,Xiamen Clinical Medical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Xiamen, China.,Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Diabetes Translational Medicine, Xiamen, China
| | - Suhuan Liu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shuyu Yang
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, 361003, China. .,Xiamen Clinical Medical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Xiamen, China. .,Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Diabetes Translational Medicine, Xiamen, China.
| | - Yijie Liu
- Siming Branch, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, 361003, China.
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14
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Siques P, Brito J, Ordenes S, Pena E. Involvement of overweight and lipid metabolism in the development of pulmonary hypertension under conditions of chronic intermittent hypoxia. Pulm Circ 2020; 10:42-49. [PMID: 33110496 PMCID: PMC7557786 DOI: 10.1177/2045894020930626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that exposure to hypoxia, regardless of the source,
elicits several metabolic responses in individuals. These responses are
constitutive and are usually observed under hypoxia but vary according to the
type of exposure. The aim of this review was to describe the involvement of
obesity and lipid metabolism in the development of high-altitude pulmonary
hypertension and in the development of acute mountain sickness under chronic
intermittent hypoxia. Overweight or obesity, which are common in individuals
with long-term chronic intermittent hypoxia exposure (high-altitude miners,
shift workers, and soldiers), are thought to play a major role in the
development of acute mountain sickness and high-altitude pulmonary hypertension.
This association may be rooted in the interactions between obesity-related
metabolic and physical alterations, such as increased waist circumference and
neck circumference, among others, which lead to critical ventilation
impairments; these impairments aggravate hypoxemia at high altitude, thereby
triggering high-altitude diseases. Overweight and obesity are strongly
associated with higher mean pulmonary artery pressure in the context of
long-term chronic intermittent hypoxia. Remarkably, de novo synthesis of
triglycerides by the sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c pathway has
been demonstrated, mainly due to the upregulation of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1,
which is also associated with the same outcomes. Therefore, overweight, obesity,
and other metabolic conditions may hinder proper acclimatization. The involved
mechanisms include respiratory impairment, alteration of the nitric oxide
pathways, inflammatory status, reactive oxygen species imbalance, and other
metabolic changes; however, further studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Siques
- Institute of Health Studies, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile.,Institute DECIPHER, German-Chilean Institute for Research on Pulmonary Hypoxia and its Health Sequelae, Iquique (Chile)
| | - Julio Brito
- Institute of Health Studies, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile.,Institute DECIPHER, German-Chilean Institute for Research on Pulmonary Hypoxia and its Health Sequelae, Iquique (Chile)
| | - Stefany Ordenes
- Institute of Health Studies, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile.,Institute DECIPHER, German-Chilean Institute for Research on Pulmonary Hypoxia and its Health Sequelae, Iquique (Chile)
| | - Eduardo Pena
- Institute of Health Studies, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile.,Institute DECIPHER, German-Chilean Institute for Research on Pulmonary Hypoxia and its Health Sequelae, Iquique (Chile)
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15
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Lai KP, Tam N, Wang SY, Lin X, Chan TF, Au DWT, Wu RSS, Kong RYC. Hypoxia causes sex-specific hepatic toxicity at the transcriptome level in marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 224:105520. [PMID: 32480175 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia, a low environmental oxygen level, is a common problem in the ocean globally. Hypoxia has been known to cause disruption to the endocrine system of marine organisms in both laboratory and field studies. Our previous studies have demonstrated the sex-specific response to hypoxia in the neural and reproductive systems of marine fish. In the current report, we aim to study the sex-specific hepatic response of fish at the transcriptome level to hypoxic stress. By using a comparative transcriptome analysis, followed by a systematic bioinformatics analysis including Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), we found that hypoxia altered expression of genes related to cell proliferation and apoptosis of hepatocytes, which are associated with human pathologies, such as liver inflammation hepatic steatosis and steatohepatitis. Furthermore, we observed sex-specific responses in the livers of fish through different cell signaling pathways. In female fish, hypoxia causes dysregulation of expression of genes related to impairment in endoplasmic reticulum structure and liver metabolism. In male fish, genes associated with redox homeostasis and fatty acid metabolism were altered by hypoxic stress. The findings of this study support the notion that hypoxia could cause sex-specific changes (hepatic toxicity and changes) in marine fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng Po Lai
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, PR China; Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.
| | - Nathan Tam
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Simon Yuan Wang
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, United States
| | - Xiao Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Hong Kong Bioinformatics Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Ting Fung Chan
- School of Life Sciences, Hong Kong Bioinformatics Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Doris Wai Ting Au
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Rudolf Shiu Sun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China; Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Richard Yuen Chong Kong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.
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16
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Du X, Girard O, Fan RY, Ma F. Effects of Active and Passive Hypoxic Conditioning for 6 Weeks at Different Altitudes on Blood Lipids, Leptin, and Weight in Rats. High Alt Med Biol 2020; 21:243-248. [PMID: 32486854 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2020.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Du, Xia, Olivier Girard, Rong yun Fan, and Fuhai Ma. Effects of active and passive hypoxic conditioning for 6 weeks at different altitudes on blood lipids, leptin, and weight in rats. High Alt Med Biol. 21:243-248, 2020. Objective: To compare the effects of 6 weeks of passive and active hypoxia exposure at different altitudes on lipid metabolism, leptin, and weight in rats. Materials and Methods: Eighty 9-week-old male Wistar rats were assigned to either non-exercise or exercise groups. Each group was subdivided into four categories (n = 10) based on hypoxic conditions: 0, 2200, 2200 + 3500, and 3500 m. Rats in the exercise group trained on a treadmill at a speed of 20-22 m/min (0° incline) for 90 minutes, 5 days per week for 6 weeks. Serum lipid and leptin levels and weight were measured following the intervention. Results: Total cholesterol (-8.2% ± 3.5%), low-density lipoproteins (-29.8% ± 8.1%), and triglyceride (TG) levels (-17.2% ± 3.8%) were lower, and high-density lipoproteins (+7.4% ± 4.0%) higher, in exercise versus non-exercise groups (all p < 0.001), independent of condition. TG levels were lower at altitude (-13.0% ± 27.3%, -10.9% ± 24.3%, and -9.2% ± 20.9% at 2200, 2200 + 3500, and 3500 m, respectively) compared to 0 m (p < 0.001). Hypoxic exposure decreased leptin with lower values at 2200 + 3500 m and 3500 m compared to 0 m (p < 0.05). Weight was lower in exercise than non-exercise groups (-8.2% ± 21.0%; p < 0.001), and at altitude (-2.7% ± 2.6%, -5.5% ± 3.7%, and -5.7% ± 2.7% at 2200, 2200 + 3500, and 3500 m, respectively) compared to 0 m. Conclusion: Regular aerobic exercise led to more favorable responses for lipid metabolism and weight control than the oxygenation conditions the animals are in.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Du
- Qinghai Provincial Sports Bureau, Qinghai Institute of Sports Science, Xi Ning, China.,China National Sports Bureau, Key Lab of Plateau Training in China General Administration of Sport, Xi Ning, China.,Qinghai Provincial Department of Science and Technology, Excellent Key Lab of Plateau Physical Education in Qinghai Province, Xi Ning, China
| | - Olivier Girard
- School of Human Sciences, Exercise and Sport Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Rong Yun Fan
- Qinghai Provincial Sports Bureau, Qinghai Institute of Sports Science, Xi Ning, China.,China National Sports Bureau, Key Lab of Plateau Training in China General Administration of Sport, Xi Ning, China.,Qinghai Provincial Department of Science and Technology, Excellent Key Lab of Plateau Physical Education in Qinghai Province, Xi Ning, China
| | - Fuhai Ma
- Qinghai Provincial Sports Bureau, Qinghai Institute of Sports Science, Xi Ning, China.,China National Sports Bureau, Key Lab of Plateau Training in China General Administration of Sport, Xi Ning, China.,Qinghai Provincial Department of Science and Technology, Excellent Key Lab of Plateau Physical Education in Qinghai Province, Xi Ning, China
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17
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Preventive preclinical efficacy of intravenously administered sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in strengthening hypoxia adaptive responses to acute and sub-chronic hypobaric hypoxia. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 870:172877. [PMID: 31866409 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is emerging as a hypoxia responsive bio-lipid; systemically raised levels of S1P are proposed to have potential hypoxia pre-conditioning effects. The study aims to evaluate the hypoxia pre-conditioning efficacy of exogenously administered S1P in rats exposed to acute (24-48 hs (h)) and sub-chronic (7 days) hypobaric hypoxia. Sprague-Dawley rats (200 ± 20 g) were preconditioned with 1 μg/kg body weight S1P intravenously for three consecutive days. On the third day, control and S1P preconditioned animals were exposed to hypobaric hypoxia equivalent to 7620 m for 24 h, 48 h and 7 days. Post exposure analysis included body weight quantitation, blood gas/chemistry analysis, vascular permeability assays, evaluation of oxidative stress/inflammation parameters, and estimation of hypoxia responsive molecules. S1P preconditioned rats exposed to acute HH display a significant reduction in body weight loss, as a culmination of improved oxygen carrying capacity, increased 2,3- diphosphoglycerate levels and recuperation from energy deficit. Pathological disturbances such as vascular leakage in the lungs and brain, oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory milieu and raised level of endothelin-1 were also reined. The adaptive and protective advantage conferred by S1P in the acute phase of hypobaric hypoxia exposure, is observed to precipitate into an improved sustenance even after sub-chronic (7d) hypobaric hypoxia exposure as indicated by decreased body weight loss, lower edema index and improvement in general pathology biomarkers. Conclusively, administration of 1 μg/kg body weight S1P, in the aforementioned schedule, confer hypoxia pre-conditioning benefits, sustained up to 7 days of hypobaric hypoxia exposure.
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18
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Tuomisto AE, Mäkinen MJ, Väyrynen JP. Systemic inflammation in colorectal cancer: Underlying factors, effects, and prognostic significance. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:4383-4404. [PMID: 31496619 PMCID: PMC6710177 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i31.4383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic inflammation is a marker of poor prognosis preoperatively present in around 20%-40% of colorectal cancer patients. The hallmarks of systemic inflammation include an increased production of proinflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins that enter the circulation. While the low-level systemic inflammation is often clinically silent, its consequences are many and may ultimately lead to chronic cancer-associated wasting, cachexia. In this review, we discuss the pathogenesis of cancer-related systemic inflammation, explore the role of systemic inflammation in promoting cancer growth, escaping antitumor defense, and shifting metabolic pathways, and how these changes are related to less favorable outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Tuomisto
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland
- Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Markus J Mäkinen
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland
- Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Juha P Väyrynen
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland
- Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
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19
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Zhou G, Yan M, Guo G, Tong N. Ameliorative Effect of Berberine on Neonatally Induced Type 2 Diabetic Neuropathy via Modulation of BDNF, IGF-1, PPAR-γ, and AMPK Expressions. Dose Response 2019; 17:1559325819862449. [PMID: 31360147 PMCID: PMC6636227 DOI: 10.1177/1559325819862449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal-streptozotocin (n-STZ)-induced diabetes mimics most of the clinicopathological symptoms of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) peripheral neuropathy. Berberine, a plant alkaloid, is reported to have antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective potential. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of berberine against n-STZ-induced painful diabetic peripheral polyneuropathy by assessing various biochemical, electrophysiological, morphological, and ultrastructural studies. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was produced neonatal at the age of 2 days (10-12 g) by STZ (90 mg/kg intraperitoneal). After confirmation of neuropathy at 6 weeks, rats were treated with berberine (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg). Administration of n-STZ resulted in T2DM-induced neuropathic pain reflected by a significant alterations (P < .05) in hyperalgesia, allodynia, and motor as well as sensory nerve conduction velocities whereas berberine (20 and 40 mg/kg) treatment significantly attenuated (P < .05) these alterations. Berberine treatment significantly inhibited (P < .05) STZ-induced alterations in aldose reductase, glycated hemoglobin, serum insulin, hepatic cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. The elevated oxido-nitrosative stress and decreased Na-K-ATPase and pulse Ox levels were significantly attenuated (P < .05) by berberine. It also significantly downregulated (P < .05) neural tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 messenger RNA (mRNA), and protein expressions both. Streptozotocin-induced downregulated mRNA expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-γ (PPAR-γ) in sciatic nerve were significantly upregulated (P < .05) by berberine. Western blot analysis revealed that STZ-induced alterations in adenosine monophosphate protein kinase (AMPK; Thr-172) and protein phosphatase 2C-α protein expressions in dorsal root ganglia were inhibited by berberine. It also attenuated histological and ultrastructural alterations induced in sciatic nerve by STZ. In conclusion, berberine exerts its neuroprotective effect against n-STZ-induced diabetic peripheral neuropathy via modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF α, IL-1β, and IL-6), oxido-nitrosative stress, BDNF, IGF-1, PPAR-γ, and AMPK expression to ameliorate impaired allodynia, hyperalgesia, and nerve conduction velocity during T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangju Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of
Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingzhu Yan
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical
University (FMMU), Shaanxi, China
| | - Gang Guo
- Department of Talent Highland, Department of General Surgery, The
First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nanwei Tong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of
Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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20
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Savla JJ, Levine BD, Sadek HA. The Effect of Hypoxia on Cardiovascular Disease: Friend or Foe? High Alt Med Biol 2019; 19:124-130. [PMID: 29939783 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2018.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Savla, Jainy J., Benjamin D. Levine, and Hesham A. Sadek. The effect of hypoxia on cardiovascular disease: Friend or foe? High Alt Med Biol. 19:124-130, 2018.-Over 140 million people reside at altitudes exceeding 2500 m across the world, resulting in exposure to atmospheric (hypobaric) hypoxia. Whether this chronic exposure is beneficial or detrimental to the cardiovascular system, however, is uncertain. On one hand, multiple studies have suggested a protective effect of living at moderate and high altitudes for cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. Conversely, residence at high altitude comes at the tradeoff of developing diseases such as chronic mountain sickness and high-altitude pulmonary hypertension and worsens outcomes for diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Interestingly, recently published data show a potential role for severe hypoxia as a unique and unexpected therapy after myocardial infarction. In this review, we will discuss the current literature evaluating the effects of altitude exposure and the accompanying hypoxia on health and the potential therapeutic applications of hypoxia on CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jainy J Savla
- 1 Department of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas
| | - Benjamin D Levine
- 1 Department of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas
- 2 Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine , Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, Dallas, Texas
| | - Hesham A Sadek
- 1 Department of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas
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21
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Wang H, Wang Y, Xia T, Liu Y, Liu T, Shi X, Li Y. Pathogenesis of Abnormal Hepatic Lipid Metabolism Induced by Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia in Rats and the Therapeutic Effect of N-Acetylcysteine. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:4583-4591. [PMID: 29968701 PMCID: PMC6060689 DOI: 10.12659/msm.907228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH)-induced abnormal hepatic lipid metabolism in rats remains unclear. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on abnormal hepatic lipid metabolism. MATERIAL AND METHODS Rats were subjected to hypoxia and NAC treatment, and evaluated in terms of hepatic lipid metabolism, hepatocyte ultrastructure, oxidative stress in hepatocytes, expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα), serum lipoprotein lipase (LPL) levels, and blood lipids (triglycerides and cholesterol). RESULTS Compared to the normoxic control group, animals in the hypoxic model group showed significant body weight gain; abnormal hepatic lipid metabolism; lipid vacuolization; accumulation of lipid droplets; abundant autophagosomes and lysosomes; significant increases in oxidative stress, inflammation level, and blood lipid levels; and significantly reduced LPL levels. Compared to control animals, rats in the treatment group exhibited normal body weight gain, improved lipid metabolism, fewer lipid droplets, alleviated ultrastructural injuries, decreased oxidative stress and inflammation level, as well as elevated LPL and reduced blood lipid levels. CONCLUSIONS The harmful effects of CIH on rat liver are possibly associated with the reactive oxygen species (ROS)/NF-κB signaling pathway. NAC is capable of attenuating lipid metabolism alterations and abnormal body weight gain in the CIH rat model, via a possible mechanism related to inhibition of ROS/NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology of Health Ministry, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zibo City Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology of Health Ministry, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Tongliang Xia
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology of Health Ministry, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yaxuan Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology of Health Ministry, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology of Health Ministry, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoli Shi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology of Health Ministry, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yanzhong Li
- Ololaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology of Health Ministry, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
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22
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Siques P, Brito J, Flores K, Ordenes S, Arriaza K, Pena E, León-Velarde F, López de Pablo ÁL, Gonzalez MC, Arribas S. Long-Term Chronic Intermittent Hypobaric Hypoxia Induces Glucose Transporter (GLUT4) Translocation Through AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) in the Soleus Muscle in Lean Rats. Front Physiol 2018; 9:799. [PMID: 30002630 PMCID: PMC6031730 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In chronic hypoxia (CH) and short-term chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) exposure, glycemia and insulin levels decrease and insulin sensitivity increases, which can be explained by changes in glucose transport at skeletal muscles involving GLUT1, GLUT4, Akt, and AMPK, as well as GLUT4 translocation to cell membranes. However, during long-term CIH, there is no information regarding whether these changes occur similarly or differently than in other types of hypoxia exposure. This study evaluated the levels of AMPK and Akt and the location of GLUT4 in the soleus muscles of lean rats exposed to long-term CIH, CH, and normoxia (NX) and compared the findings. Methods: Thirty male adult rats were randomly assigned to three groups: a NX (760 Torr) group (n = 10), a CIH group (2 days hypoxia/2 days NX; n = 10) and a CH group (n = 10). Rats were exposed to hypoxia for 30 days in a hypobaric chamber set at 428 Torr (4,600 m). Feeding (10 g daily) and fasting times were accurately controlled. Measurements included food intake (every 4 days), weight, hematocrit, hemoglobin, glycemia, serum insulin (by ELISA), and insulin sensitivity at days 0 and 30. GLUT1, GLUT4, AMPK levels and Akt activation in rat soleus muscles were determined by western blot. GLUT4 translocation was measured with confocal microscopy at day 30. Results: (1) Weight loss and increases in hematocrit and hemoglobin were found in both hypoxic groups (p < 0.05). (2) A moderate decrease in glycemia and plasma insulin was found. (3) Insulin sensitivity was greater in the CIH group (p < 0.05). (4) There were no changes in GLUT1, GLUT4 levels or in Akt activation. (5) The level of activated AMPK was increased only in the CIH group (p < 0.05). (6) Increased GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane of soleus muscle cells was observed in the CIH group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In lean rats experiencing long-term CIH, glycemia and insulin levels decrease and insulin sensitivity increases. Interestingly, there is no increase of GLUT1 or GLUT4 levels or in Akt activation. Therefore, cellular regulation of glucose seems to primarily involve GLUT4 translocation to the cell membrane in response to hypoxia-mediated AMPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Siques
- Institute of Health Studies, University Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile
| | - Julio Brito
- Institute of Health Studies, University Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile
| | - Karen Flores
- Institute of Health Studies, University Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile
| | - Stefany Ordenes
- Institute of Health Studies, University Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile
| | - Karem Arriaza
- Institute of Health Studies, University Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile
| | - Eduardo Pena
- Institute of Health Studies, University Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile
| | - Fabiola León-Velarde
- Department of Biological and Physiological Sciences, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía/IIA, Cayetano Heredia University, Lima, Peru
| | - Ángel L López de Pablo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Autonoma of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M C Gonzalez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Autonoma of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Arribas
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Autonoma of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Brito J, Siques P, López R, Romero R, León-Velarde F, Flores K, Lüneburg N, Hannemann J, Böger RH. Long-Term Intermittent Work at High Altitude: Right Heart Functional and Morphological Status and Associated Cardiometabolic Factors. Front Physiol 2018; 9:248. [PMID: 29623044 PMCID: PMC5874329 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Living at high altitude or with chronic hypoxia implies functional and morphological changes in the right ventricle and pulmonary vasculature with a 10% prevalence of high-altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH). The implications of working intermittently (day shifts) at high altitude (hypobaric hypoxia) over the long term are still not well-defined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the right cardiac circuit status along with potentially contributory metabolic variables and distinctive responses after long exposure to the latter condition. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 120 healthy miners working at an altitude of 4,400-4,800 m for over 5 years in 7-day commuting shifts was designed. Echocardiography was performed on day 2 at sea level. Additionally, biomedical and biochemical variables, Lake Louise scores (LLSs), sleep disturbances and physiological variables were measured at altitude and at sea level. Results: The population was 41.8 ± 0.7 years old, with an average of 14 ± 0.5 (range 5-29) years spent at altitude. Most subjects still suffered from mild to moderate symptoms of acute mountain sickness (mild was an LLS of 3-5 points, including cephalea; moderate was LLS of 6-10 points) (38.3%) at the end of day 1 of the shift. Echocardiography showed a 23% mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) >25 mmHg, 9% HAPH (≥30 mmHg), 85% mild increase in right ventricle wall thickness (≥5 mm), 64% mild right ventricle dilation, low pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and fairly good ventricle performance. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) (OR 8.84 (1.18-66.39); p < 0.05) and insulin (OR: 1.11 (1.02-1.20); p < 0.05) were associated with elevated mPAP and were defined as a cut-off. Interestingly, the correspondence analysis identified association patterns of several other variables (metabolic, labor, and biomedical) with higher mPAP. Conclusions: Working intermittently at high altitude involves a distinctive pattern. The most relevant and novel characteristics are a greater prevalence of elevated mPAP and HAPH than previously reported at chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (CIHH), which is accompanied by subsequent morphological characteristics. These findings are associated with cardiometabolic factors (insulin and ADMA). However, the functional repercussions seem to be minor or negligible. This research contributes to our understanding and surveillance of this unique model of chronic intermittent high-altitude exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Brito
- Institute of Health Studies, University Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile
| | - Patricia Siques
- Institute of Health Studies, University Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile
| | - Rosario López
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University Autonoma of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raul Romero
- Institute of Health Studies, University Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile
| | - Fabiola León-Velarde
- Department of Biological and Physiological Sciences, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía/IIA, University Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Karen Flores
- Institute of Health Studies, University Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile
| | - Nicole Lüneburg
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Juliane Hannemann
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rainer H Böger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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24
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Zhang Z, Xiao Z, Deng B, Liu X, Liu W, Nie H, Li X, Chen Z, Yang D, Duan R. Therapeutic Efficacy of Methazolamide Against Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Excessive Erythrocytosis in Rats. High Alt Med Biol 2018; 19:69-80. [DOI: 10.1089/ham.2017.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhonghai Xiao
- Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Bingnan Deng
- Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongjing Nie
- Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi Li
- Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhaoli Chen
- Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Danfeng Yang
- Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruifeng Duan
- Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, China
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25
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Aguilar M, González-Candia A, Rodríguez J, Carrasco-Pozo C, Cañas D, García-Herrera C, Herrera EA, Castillo RL. Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Protection Associated with Intermittent Hypobaric Hypoxia Exposure in a Rat Model: Role of Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020366. [PMID: 29373484 PMCID: PMC5855588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 140 million people live and works (in a chronic or intermittent form) above 2500 m worldwide and 35 million live in the Andean Mountains. Furthermore, in Chile, it is estimated that 55,000 persons work in high altitude shifts, where stays at lowlands and interspersed with working stays at highlands. Acute exposure to high altitude has been shown to induce oxidative stress in healthy human lowlanders, due to an increase in free radical formation and a decrease in antioxidant capacity. However, in animal models, intermittent hypoxia (IH) induce preconditioning, like responses and cardioprotection. Here, we aimed to describe in a rat model the responses on cardiac and vascular function to 4 cycles of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (IHH). Twelve adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into two equal groups, a four-cycle of IHH, and a normobaric hypoxic control. Intermittent hypoxia was induced in a hypobaric chamber in four continuous cycles (1 cycle = 4 days hypoxia + 4 days normoxia), reaching a barometric pressure equivalent to 4600 m of altitude (428 Torr). At the end of the first and fourth cycle, cardiac structural, and functional variables were determined by echocardiography. Thereafter, ex vivo vascular function and biomechanical properties were determined in femoral arteries by wire myography. We further measured cardiac oxidative stress biomarkers (4-Hydroxy-nonenal, HNE; nytrotirosine, NT), reactive oxygen species (ROS) sources (NADPH and mitochondrial), and antioxidant enzymes activity (catalase, CAT; glutathione peroxidase, GPx, and superoxide dismutase, SOD). Our results show a higher ejection and shortening fraction of the left ventricle function by the end of the 4th cycle. Further, femoral vessels showed an improvement of vasodilator capacity and diminished stiffening. Cardiac tissue presented a higher expression of antioxidant enzymes and mitochondrial ROS formation in IHH, as compared with normobaric hypoxic controls. IHH exposure determines a preconditioning effect on the heart and femoral artery, both at structural and functional levels, associated with the induction of antioxidant defence mechanisms. However, mitochondrial ROS generation was increased in cardiac tissue. These findings suggest that initial states of IHH are beneficial for cardiovascular function and protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Aguilar
- Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7500922, Chile.
| | - Alejandro González-Candia
- Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7500922, Chile.
| | - Jorge Rodríguez
- Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7500922, Chile.
- Departamento de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile.
| | - Catalina Carrasco-Pozo
- Discovery Biology, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4222, Australia.
- Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile.
| | - Daniel Cañas
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170125, Chile.
| | - Claudio García-Herrera
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170125, Chile.
| | - Emilio A Herrera
- Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7500922, Chile.
- International Center for Andean Studies, Universidad de Chile, Putre, Chile.
| | - Rodrigo L Castillo
- Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7500922, Chile.
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26
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Abstract
In some organisms and cells, oxygen availability influences oxygen consumption. In this review, we examine this phenomenon of hypoxic hypometabolism (HH), discussing its features, mechanisms, and implications. Small mammals and other vertebrate species exhibit "oxyconformism," a downregulation of metabolic rate and body temperature during hypoxia which is sensed by the central nervous system. Smaller body mass and cooler ambient temperature contribute to a high metabolic rate in mammals. It is this hypermetabolic state that is suppressed by hypoxia leading to HH. Larger mammals including humans do not exhibit HH. Tissues and cells also exhibit reductions in respiration during hypoxia in vitro, even at oxygen levels ample for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. The mechanisms of cellular HH involve intracellular oxygen sensors including hypoxia-inducible factors, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) which downregulate mitochondrial activity and ATP utilization. HH has a profound impact on cardiovascular, respiratory, and metabolic physiology in rodents. Therefore, caution should be exercised when extrapolating the results of rodent hypoxia studies to human physiology.
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27
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Heinonen IHA, Boushel R, Kalliokoski KK. The Circulatory and Metabolic Responses to Hypoxia in Humans - With Special Reference to Adipose Tissue Physiology and Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:116. [PMID: 27621722 PMCID: PMC5002918 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue metabolism and circulation play an important role in human health. It is well-known that adipose tissue mass is increased in response to excess caloric intake leading to obesity and further to local hypoxia and inflammatory signaling. Acute exercise increases blood supply to adipose tissue and mobilization of fat stores for energy. However, acute exercise during systemic hypoxia reduces subcutaneous blood flow in healthy young subjects, but the response in overweight or obese subjects remains to be investigated. Emerging evidence also indicates that exercise training during hypoxic exposure may provide additive benefits with respect to many traditional cardiovascular risk factors as compared to exercise performed in normoxia, but unfavorable effects of hypoxia have also been documented. These topics will be covered in this brief review dealing with hypoxia and adipose tissue physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilkka H. A. Heinonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Ilkka H. A. Heinonen,
| | - Robert Boushel
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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28
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Xu C, Qiao X, Zhao Y, Sun R, Shang X, Niu W. Resveratrol ameliorates chronic high altitude exposure-induced oxidative stress and suppresses lipid metabolism alteration in rats. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunlan Xu
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology; School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi; P. R. China
| | - Xiangjin Qiao
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology; School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi; P. R. China
| | - Yanfei Zhao
- Department of Agriculture and Medicine; The Open University of China, Beijing; P. R. China
| | - Rui Sun
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology; School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi; P. R. China
| | - Xiaoya Shang
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology; School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi; P. R. China
| | - Weining Niu
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology; School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi; P. R. China
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29
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Zhen YQ, Wu YM, Sang YH, Wang Y, Song QY, Yu L, Rao XJ, Dong RH. 2,3-Oxidosqualene cyclase protects liver cells from the injury of intermittent hypoxia by regulating lipid metabolism. Sleep Breath 2015; 19:1475-81. [PMID: 25855471 PMCID: PMC4662960 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-015-1167-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE 2,3-Oxidosqualene cyclase (OSC), an important enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis, catalyzes the highly selective cyclization of 2,3-monoepoxysqualene to lanosterol. Intermittent hypoxia (IH) is a hallmark feature in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) which is increasingly recognized as an independent risk factor for liver injury. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of IH on OSC expression and evaluate the role of OSC in the IH-induced apoptosis in hepatic cell line human liver cell (HL-02). METHODS HL-02 cells were exposed to normoxia or IH. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to value cell proliferation, and flow cytometry was used to determine cell apoptosis. The expression of OSC messenger RNA (mRNA) was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR, and the expression of OSC protein was determined by Western blot. To further investigate the function of OSC in IH-induced apoptosis, oxidosqualene cyclase-enhanced green fluorescence protein (OSC-EGFP) plasmid was constructed to over-express OSC protein. Triglyceride content in HL-02 cells was analyzed by oil red staining or Triglyceride Quantification Kit. RESULTS We found that IH inhibited HL-02 cell proliferation and accelerated cell apoptosis. IH decreased OSC expression, and over-expression of OSC could protect HL-02 cells against the IH-induced hepatic cell injury. Moreover, over-expression of OSC could attenuate IH-induced cellular triglyceride accumulation. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that OSC are involved in IH-induced hepatic cell injury. These results may contribute to the further understanding of the mechanism underlying the liver injury in OSA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Qiao Zhen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 3 Rehabilitation Street, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Min Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 3 Rehabilitation Street, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hong Sang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 3 Rehabilitation Street, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 3 Rehabilitation Street, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Yan Song
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 3 Rehabilitation Street, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 3 Rehabilitation Street, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Juan Rao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 3 Rehabilitation Street, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Hong Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 3 Rehabilitation Street, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Herrera EA, Farías JG, González-Candia A, Short SE, Carrasco-Pozo C, Castillo RL. Ω3 Supplementation and intermittent hypobaric hypoxia induce cardioprotection enhancing antioxidant mechanisms in adult rats. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:838-60. [PMID: 25658050 PMCID: PMC4344605 DOI: 10.3390/md13020838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (IH) is linked with oxidative stress, impairing cardiac function. However, early IH also activate cardio-protective mechanisms. Omega 3 fatty acids (Ω3) induce cardioprotection by reducing infarct size and reinforcing antioxidant defenses. The aim of this work was to determine the combined effects of IH and Ω3 on cardiac function; oxidative balance and inflammatory state. Twenty-eight rats were randomly divided into four groups: normobaric normoxia (N); N + Ω3 (0.3 g·kg−1·day−1); IH; and IH + Ω3. IH was induced by 4 intercalate periods of hypoxia (4 days)—normoxia (4 days) in a hypobaric chamber during 32 days. At the end of the exposure, hearts were mounted in a Langendorff system and subjected to 30 min of ischemia followed by 120 min of reperfusion. In addition, we determined HIF-1α and ATP levels, as well as oxidative stress by malondialdehyde and nitrotyrosine quantification. Further, the expression of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase was determined. NF-kappaB and myeloperoxidase levels were assessed in the hearts. Relative to N hearts, IH improved left ventricular function (Left ventricular developed pressure: N; 21.8 ± 3.4 vs. IH; 42.8 ± 7.1 mmHg; p < 0.05); reduced oxidative stress (Malondialdehyde: N; 14.4 ± 1.8 vs. IH; 7.3 ± 2.1 μmol/mg prot.; p < 0.05); and increased antioxidant enzymes expression. Supplementation with Ω3 induces similar responses as IH group. Our findings suggest that both, IH and Ω3 in an independent manner, induce functional improvement by antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, establishing cardio-protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio A Herrera
- Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile.
| | - Jorge G Farías
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile.
| | - Alejandro González-Candia
- Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile.
| | - Stefania E Short
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile.
| | - Catalina Carrasco-Pozo
- Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile.
| | - Rodrigo L Castillo
- Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile.
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