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Hilligan KL, Namasivayam S, Clancy CS, Baker PJ, Old SI, Peluf V, Amaral EP, Oland SD, O'Mard D, Laux J, Cohen M, Garza NL, Lafont BAP, Johnson RF, Feng CG, Jankovic D, Lamiable O, Mayer-Barber KD, Sher A. Bacterial-induced or passively administered interferon gamma conditions the lung for early control of SARS-CoV-2. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8229. [PMID: 38086794 PMCID: PMC10716133 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43447-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Type-1 and type-3 interferons (IFNs) are important for control of viral replication; however, less is known about the role of Type-2 IFN (IFNγ) in anti-viral immunity. We previously observed that lung infection with Mycobacterium bovis BCG achieved though intravenous (iv) administration provides strong protection against SARS-CoV-2 in mice yet drives low levels of type-1 IFNs but robust IFNγ. Here we examine the role of ongoing IFNγ responses to pre-established bacterial infection on SARS-CoV-2 disease outcomes in two murine models. We report that IFNγ is required for iv BCG induced reduction in pulmonary viral loads, an outcome dependent on IFNγ receptor expression by non-hematopoietic cells. Importantly, we show that BCG infection prompts pulmonary epithelial cells to upregulate IFN-stimulated genes with reported anti-viral activity in an IFNγ-dependent manner, suggesting a possible mechanism for the observed protection. Finally, we confirm the anti-viral properties of IFNγ by demonstrating that the recombinant cytokine itself provides strong protection against SARS-CoV-2 challenge when administered intranasally. Together, our data show that a pre-established IFNγ response within the lung is protective against SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggesting that concurrent or recent infections that drive IFNγ may limit the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and supporting possible prophylactic uses of IFNγ in COVID-19 management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry L Hilligan
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand.
| | - Sivaranjani Namasivayam
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Chad S Clancy
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Paul J Baker
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Samuel I Old
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand
| | - Victoria Peluf
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Immunoparasitology Unit, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Eduardo P Amaral
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sandra D Oland
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Danielle O'Mard
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Julie Laux
- Flow Cytometry Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Melanie Cohen
- Flow Cytometry Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Nicole L Garza
- SARS-CoV2- Virology Core, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Bernard A P Lafont
- SARS-CoV2- Virology Core, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Reed F Johnson
- SARS-CoV2- Virology Core, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Carl G Feng
- Immunology and Host Defense Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Dragana Jankovic
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Immunoparasitology Unit, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Olivier Lamiable
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand
| | - Katrin D Mayer-Barber
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Alan Sher
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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2
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Finney GE, Hargrave KE, Pingen M, Purnell T, Todd D, MacDonald F, Worrell JC, MacLeod MKL. Triphasic production of IFN γ by innate and adaptive lymphocytes following influenza A virus infection. DISCOVERY IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 2:kyad014. [PMID: 37842651 PMCID: PMC10568397 DOI: 10.1093/discim/kyad014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Interferon gamma (IFNγ) is a potent antiviral cytokine that can be produced by many innate and adaptive immune cells during infection. Currently, our understanding of which cells produce IFNγ and where they are located at different stages of an infection is limited. We have used reporter mice to investigate in vivo expression of Ifnγ mRNA in the lung and secondary lymphoid organs during and following influenza A virus (IAV) infection. We observed a triphasic production of Ifnγ expression. Unconventional T cells and innate lymphoid cells, particularly NK cells, were the dominant producers of early Ifnγ, while CD4 and CD8 T cells were the main producers by day 10 post-infection. Following viral clearance, some memory CD4 and CD8 T cells continued to express Ifnγ in the lungs and draining lymph node. Interestingly, Ifnγ production by lymph node natural killer (NK), NKT, and innate lymphoid type 1 cells also continued to be above naïve levels, suggesting memory-like phenotypes for these cells. Analysis of the localization of Ifnγ+ memory CD4 and CD8 T cells demonstrated that cytokine+ T cells were located near airways and in the lung parenchyma. Following a second IAV challenge, lung IAV-specific CD8 T cells rapidly increased their expression of Ifnγ while CD4 T cells in the draining lymph node increased their Ifnγ response. Together, these data suggest that Ifnγ production fluctuates based on cellular source and location, both of which could impact subsequent immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E Finney
- Centre for Immunobiology, School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kerrie E Hargrave
- Centre for Immunobiology, School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Marieke Pingen
- Centre for Immunobiology, School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Thomas Purnell
- Centre for Immunobiology, School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - David Todd
- Centre for Immunobiology, School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Freya MacDonald
- Centre for Immunobiology, School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Julie C Worrell
- Centre for Immunobiology, School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Megan K L MacLeod
- Centre for Immunobiology, School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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3
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Rogers KJ, Richards PT, Zacharias ZR, Stunz LL, Vijay R, Butler NS, Legge KL, Bishop GA, Maury W. CD40 Signaling in Mice Elicits a Broad Antiviral Response Early during Acute Infection with RNA Viruses. Viruses 2023; 15:1353. [PMID: 37376652 PMCID: PMC10305536 DOI: 10.3390/v15061353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are critical in the pathogenesis of a diverse group of viral pathogens, both as targets of infection and for eliciting primary defense mechanisms. Our prior in vitro work identified that CD40 signaling in murine peritoneal macrophages protects against several RNA viruses by eliciting IL-12, which stimulates the production of interferon gamma (IFN-γ). Here, we examine the role of CD40 signaling in vivo. We show that CD40 signaling is a critical, but currently poorly appreciated, component of the innate immune response using two distinct infectious agents: mouse-adapted influenza A virus (IAV, PR8) and recombinant VSV encoding the Ebola virus glycoprotein (rVSV-EBOV GP). We find that stimulation of CD40 signaling decreases early IAV titers, whereas loss of CD40 elevated early titers and compromised lung function by day 3 of infection. Protection conferred by CD40 signaling against IAV is dependent on IFN-γ production, consistent with our in vitro studies. Using rVSV-EBOV GP that serves as a low-biocontainment model of filovirus infection, we demonstrate that macrophages are a CD40-expressing population critical for protection within the peritoneum and T-cells are the key source of CD40L (CD154). These experiments reveal the in vivo mechanisms by which CD40 signaling in macrophages regulates the early host responses to RNA virus infection and highlight how CD40 agonists currently under investigation for clinical use may function as a novel class of broad antiviral treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai J. Rogers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (K.J.R.); (P.T.R.); (L.L.S.); (R.V.); (N.S.B.); (K.L.L.); (G.A.B.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Paige T. Richards
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (K.J.R.); (P.T.R.); (L.L.S.); (R.V.); (N.S.B.); (K.L.L.); (G.A.B.)
| | - Zeb R. Zacharias
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Laura L. Stunz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (K.J.R.); (P.T.R.); (L.L.S.); (R.V.); (N.S.B.); (K.L.L.); (G.A.B.)
| | - Rahul Vijay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (K.J.R.); (P.T.R.); (L.L.S.); (R.V.); (N.S.B.); (K.L.L.); (G.A.B.)
| | - Noah S. Butler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (K.J.R.); (P.T.R.); (L.L.S.); (R.V.); (N.S.B.); (K.L.L.); (G.A.B.)
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kevin L. Legge
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (K.J.R.); (P.T.R.); (L.L.S.); (R.V.); (N.S.B.); (K.L.L.); (G.A.B.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Gail A. Bishop
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (K.J.R.); (P.T.R.); (L.L.S.); (R.V.); (N.S.B.); (K.L.L.); (G.A.B.)
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Wendy Maury
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (K.J.R.); (P.T.R.); (L.L.S.); (R.V.); (N.S.B.); (K.L.L.); (G.A.B.)
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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4
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Li YJ, Chen CY, Yang JH, Chiu YF. Modulating cholesterol-rich lipid rafts to disrupt influenza A virus infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:982264. [PMID: 36177026 PMCID: PMC9513517 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.982264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) is widely disseminated across different species and can cause recurrent epidemics and severe pandemics in humans. During infection, IAV attaches to receptors that are predominantly located in cell membrane regions known as lipid rafts, which are highly enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids. Following IAV entry into the host cell, uncoating, transcription, and replication of the viral genome occur, after which newly synthesized viral proteins and genomes are delivered to lipid rafts for assembly prior to viral budding from the cell. Moreover, during budding, IAV acquires an envelope with embedded cholesterol from the host cell membrane, and it is known that decreased cholesterol levels on IAV virions reduce infectivity. Statins are commonly used to inhibit cholesterol synthesis for preventing cardiovascular diseases, and several studies have investigated whether such inhibition can block IAV infection and propagation, as well as modulate the host immune response to IAV. Taken together, current research suggests that there may be a role for statins in countering IAV infections and modulating the host immune response to prevent or mitigate cytokine storms, and further investigation into this is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jyun Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yuan Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-How Yang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Fang Chiu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Ya-Fang Chiu,
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5
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Downey J, Randolph HE, Pernet E, Tran KA, Khader SA, King IL, Barreiro LB, Divangahi M. Mitochondrial cyclophilin D promotes disease tolerance by licensing NK cell development and IL-22 production against influenza virus. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110974. [PMID: 35732121 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Severity of pulmonary viral infections, including influenza A virus (IAV), is linked to excessive immunopathology, which impairs lung function. Thus, the same immune responses that limit viral replication can concomitantly cause lung damage that must be countered by largely uncharacterized disease tolerance mechanisms. Here, we show that mitochondrial cyclophilin D (CypD) protects against IAV via disease tolerance. CypD-/- mice are significantly more susceptible to IAV infection despite comparable antiviral immunity. This susceptibility results from damage to the lung epithelial barrier caused by a reduction in interleukin-22 (IL-22)-producing natural killer (NK) cells. Transcriptomic and functional data reveal that CypD-/- NK cells are immature and have altered cellular metabolism and impaired IL-22 production, correlating with dysregulated bone marrow lymphopoiesis. Administration of recombinant IL-22 or transfer of wild-type (WT) NK cells abrogates pulmonary damage and protects CypD-/- mice after IAV infection. Collectively, these results demonstrate a key role for CypD in NK cell-mediated disease tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Downey
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Haley E Randolph
- Genetics, Genomics, and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Erwan Pernet
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Kim A Tran
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Shabaana A Khader
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Irah L King
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Luis B Barreiro
- Genetics, Genomics, and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maziar Divangahi
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
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6
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Wang L, Rajavel M, Wu CW, Zhang C, Poindexter M, Fulgar C, Mar T, Singh J, Dhillon JK, Zhang J, Yuan Y, Abarca R, Li W, Pinkerton KE. Effects of life-stage and passive tobacco smoke exposure on pulmonary innate immunity and influenza infection in mice. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2022; 85:439-456. [PMID: 35139765 PMCID: PMC8976777 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2022.2032518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Limited data are available on the effects of perinatal environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure for early childhood influenza infection. The aim of the present study was to examine whether perinatal versus adult ETS exposure might provoke more severe systemic and pulmonary innate immune responses in mice inoculated with influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 virus (IAV) compared to phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). BALB/c mice were exposed to filtered air (FA) or ETS for 6 weeks during the perinatal or adult period of life. Immediately following the final exposure, mice were intranasally inoculated with IAV or PBS. Significant inflammatory effects were observed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of neonates inoculated with IAV (FA+IAV or ETS+IAV) compared to PBS (ETS+PBS or FA+PBS), and in the lung parenchyma of neonates administered ETS+IAV versus FA+IAV. Type I and III interferons were also elevated in the spleens of neonates, but not adults with ETS+IAV versus FA+IAV exposure. Both IAV-inoculated neonate groups exhibited significantly more CD4 T cells and increasing numbers of CD8 and CD25 T cells in lungs relative to their adult counterparts. Taken together, these results suggest perinatal ETS exposure induces an exaggerated innate immune response, which may overwhelm protective anti-inflammatory defenses against IAV, and enhances severity of infection at early life stages (e.g., in infants and young children).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Maya Rajavel
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ching-Wen Wu
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Chuanzhen Zhang
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Morgan Poindexter
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ciara Fulgar
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Tiffany Mar
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jasmine Singh
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jaspreet K. Dhillon
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Western China School of Public Health Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinyu Yuan
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Radek Abarca
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Wei Li
- School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Kent E. Pinkerton
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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7
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Cui H, Zhang C, Zhang C, Cai Z, Chen L, Chen Z, Zhao K, Qiao S, Wang Y, Meng L, Dong S, Liu J, Guo Z. Anti-Influenza Effect and Mechanisms of Lentinan in an ICR Mouse Model. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:892864. [PMID: 35669119 PMCID: PMC9163413 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.892864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus is a serious threat to global human health and public health security. There is an urgent need to develop new anti-influenza drugs. Lentinan (LNT) has attracted increasing attention in recent years. As potential protective agent, LNT has been shown to have anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties. However, there has been no further research into the anti-influenza action of lentinan in vivo, and the mechanism is still not fully understood. In this study, the anti-influenza effect and mechanism of Lentinan were studied in the Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mouse model. The results showed that Lentinan had a high degree of protection in mice against infection with influenza A virus, delayed the emergence of clinical manifestations, improved the survival rate of mice, significantly prolonged the middle survival days, attenuated the weight loss, and reduced the lung coefficient of mice. It alleviated the pathological damage of mice infected with the influenza virus and improved blood indices. Lentinan treatment considerably inhibited inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6) levels in the serum and lung and improved IFN-γ cytokine levels, which reduced cytokine storms caused by influenza virus infection. The underlying mechanisms of action involved Lentinan inhibiting the inflammatory response by regulating the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway. This study provides a foundation for the clinical application of Lentinan, and provides new insight into the development of novel immunomodulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Cui
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun, China
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Chunmao Zhang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhuming Cai
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Ligong Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhaoliang Chen
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Kui Zhao
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Sina Qiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yingchun Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Lijia Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Shishan Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- *Correspondence: Shishan Dong, ; Juxiang Liu, ; Zhendong Guo,
| | - Juxiang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- *Correspondence: Shishan Dong, ; Juxiang Liu, ; Zhendong Guo,
| | - Zhendong Guo
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Shishan Dong, ; Juxiang Liu, ; Zhendong Guo,
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8
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Gleason J, Zhao Y, Raitman I, Kang L, He S, Hariri R. Human placental hematopoietic stem cell derived natural killer cells (CYNK-001) mediate protection against influenza a viral infection. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2055945. [PMID: 35404743 PMCID: PMC9255201 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2055945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) infections are associated with a high healthcare burden around the world and there is an urgent need to develop more effective therapies. Natural killer (NK) cells have been shown to play a pivotal role in reducing IAV-induced pulmonary infections in preclinical models; however, little is known about the therapeutic potential of adoptively transferred NK cells for IAV infections. Here, we investigated the effects of CYNK-001, human placental hematopoietic stem cell derived NK cells that exhibited strong cytolytic activity against a range of malignant cells and expressed high levels of activating receptors, against IAV infections. In a severe IAV-induced acute lung injury model, mice treated with CYNK-001 showed a milder body weight loss and clinical symptoms, which led to a delayed onset of mortality, thus demonstrating their antiviral protection in vivo. Analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) revealed that CYNK-001 reduced proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines highlighting CYNK-001’s anti-inflammatory actions in viral induced-lung injury. Furthermore, CYNK-001-treated mice had altered immune responses to IAV with reduced number of neutrophils in BALF yet increased number of CD8+ T cells in the BALF and lung compared to vehicle-treated mice. Our results demonstrate that CYNK-001 displays protective functions against IAV via its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating activities, which leads to alleviation of disease burden and progression in a severe IAV-infected mice model. The potential of adoptive NK therapy for IAV infections warrants clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuechao Zhao
- Celularity Inc., Florham Park, New Jersey, NJ, USA
| | | | - Lin Kang
- Celularity Inc., Florham Park, New Jersey, NJ, USA
| | - Shuyang He
- Celularity Inc., Florham Park, New Jersey, NJ, USA
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9
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Fong CHY, Lu L, Chen LL, Yeung ML, Zhang AJ, Zhao H, Yuen KY, To KKW. Interferon-gamma inhibits influenza A virus cellular attachment by reducing sialic acid cluster size. iScience 2022; 25:104037. [PMID: 35330686 PMCID: PMC8938289 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mucosal antiviral role of type I and III interferon in influenza virus infection is well established. However, much less is known about the antiviral mechanism of type II interferon (interferon-gamma). Here, we revealed an antiviral mechanism of interferon-gamma by inhibiting influenza A virus (IAV) attachment. By direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy, confocal microscopy, and flow cytometry, we have shown that interferon-gamma reduced the size of α-2,3 and α-2,6-linked sialic acid clusters, without changing the sialic acid or epidermal growth factor receptor expression levels, or the sialic acid density within cluster on the cell surface of A549 cells. Reversing the effect of interferon-gamma on sialic acid clustering by jasplakinolide reverted the cluster size, improved IAV attachment and replication. Our findings showed the importance of sialic acid clustering in IAV attachment and infection. We also demonstrated the interference of sialic acid clustering as an anti-IAV mechanism of IFN-gamma for IAV infection. IFN-γ inhibits IAV replication IFN-γ reduces IAV attachment and infection by reducing sialic acid cluster size Reduction of sialic acid cluster size partially depends on F-actin depolymerization Higher sialic acid expression level does not correlate with increase IAV attachment
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Ho-Yan Fong
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
- Corresponding author
| | - Lu Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin-Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Man-Lung Yeung
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anna Jinxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hanjun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Island, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kelvin Kai-Wang To
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Island, People’s Republic of China
- Corresponding author
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10
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Xin Y, Chen S, Tang K, Wu Y, Guo Y. Identification of Nifurtimox and Chrysin as Anti-Influenza Virus Agents by Clinical Transcriptome Signature Reversion. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042372. [PMID: 35216485 PMCID: PMC8876279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid development in the field of transcriptomics provides remarkable biomedical insights for drug discovery. In this study, a transcriptome signature reversal approach was conducted to identify the agents against influenza A virus (IAV) infection through dissecting gene expression changes in response to disease or compounds’ perturbations. Two compounds, nifurtimox and chrysin, were identified by a modified Kolmogorov–Smirnov test statistic based on the transcriptional signatures from 81 IAV-infected patients and the gene expression profiles of 1309 compounds. Their activities were verified in vitro with half maximal effective concentrations (EC50s) from 9.1 to 19.1 μM against H1N1 or H3N2. It also suggested that the two compounds interfered with multiple sessions in IAV infection by reversing the expression of 28 IAV informative genes. Through network-based analysis of the 28 reversed IAV informative genes, a strong synergistic effect of the two compounds was revealed, which was confirmed in vitro. By using the transcriptome signature reversion (TSR) on clinical datasets, this study provides an efficient scheme for the discovery of drugs targeting multiple host factors regarding clinical signs and symptoms, which may also confer an opportunity for decelerating drug-resistant variant emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Xin
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.X.); (S.C.); (K.T.); (Y.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shubing Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.X.); (S.C.); (K.T.); (Y.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ke Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.X.); (S.C.); (K.T.); (Y.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - You Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.X.); (S.C.); (K.T.); (Y.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.X.); (S.C.); (K.T.); (Y.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-63161716
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11
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Could Interleukin-33 (IL-33) Govern the Outcome of an Equine Influenza Virus Infection? Learning from Other Species. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122519. [PMID: 34960788 PMCID: PMC8704309 DOI: 10.3390/v13122519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are important respiratory pathogens of horses and humans. Infected individuals develop typical respiratory disorders associated with the death of airway epithelial cells (AECs) in infected areas. Virulence and risk of secondary bacterial infections vary among IAV strains. The IAV non-structural proteins, NS1, PB1-F2, and PA-X are important virulence factors controlling AEC death and host immune responses to viral and bacterial infection. Polymorphism in these proteins impacts their function. Evidence from human and mouse studies indicates that upon IAV infection, the manner of AEC death impacts disease severity. Indeed, while apoptosis is considered anti-inflammatory, necrosis is thought to cause pulmonary damage with the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), such as interleukin-33 (IL-33). IL-33 is a potent inflammatory mediator released by necrotic cells, playing a crucial role in anti-viral and anti-bacterial immunity. Here, we discuss studies in human and murine models which investigate how viral determinants and host immune responses control AEC death and subsequent lung IL-33 release, impacting IAV disease severity. Confirming such data in horses and improving our understanding of early immunologic responses initiated by AEC death during IAV infection will better inform the development of novel therapeutic or vaccine strategies designed to protect life-long lung health in horses and humans, following a One Health approach.
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12
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Hulme KD, Noye EC, Short KR, Labzin LI. Dysregulated Inflammation During Obesity: Driving Disease Severity in Influenza Virus and SARS-CoV-2 Infections. Front Immunol 2021; 12:770066. [PMID: 34777390 PMCID: PMC8581451 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.770066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute inflammation is a critical host defense response during viral infection. When dysregulated, inflammation drives immunopathology and tissue damage. Excessive, damaging inflammation is a hallmark of both pandemic influenza A virus (IAV) infections and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. Chronic, low-grade inflammation is also a feature of obesity. In recent years, obesity has been recognized as a growing pandemic with significant mortality and associated costs. Obesity is also an independent risk factor for increased disease severity and death during both IAV and SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review focuses on the effect of obesity on the inflammatory response in the context of viral respiratory infections and how this leads to increased viral pathology. Here, we will review the fundamentals of inflammation, how it is initiated in IAV and SARS-CoV-2 infection and its link to disease severity. We will examine how obesity drives chronic inflammation and trained immunity and how these impact the immune response to IAV and SARS-CoV-2. Finally, we review both medical and non-medical interventions for obesity, how they impact on the inflammatory response and how they could be used to prevent disease severity in obese patients. As projections of global obesity numbers show no sign of slowing down, future pandemic preparedness will require us to consider the metabolic health of the population. Furthermore, if weight-loss alone is insufficient to reduce the risk of increased respiratory virus-related mortality, closer attention must be paid to a patient’s history of health, and new therapeutic options identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katina D Hulme
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ellesandra C Noye
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kirsty R Short
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Larisa I Labzin
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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13
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Gu Y, Zuo X, Zhang S, Ouyang Z, Jiang S, Wang F, Wang G. The Mechanism behind Influenza Virus Cytokine Storm. Viruses 2021; 13:1362. [PMID: 34372568 PMCID: PMC8310017 DOI: 10.3390/v13071362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses are still a serious threat to human health. Cytokines are essential for cell-to-cell communication and viral clearance in the immune system, but excessive cytokines can cause serious immune pathology. Deaths caused by severe influenza are usually related to cytokine storms. The recent literature has described the mechanism behind the cytokine-storm network and how it can exacerbate host pathological damage. Biological factors such as sex, age, and obesity may cause biological differences between different individuals, which affects cytokine storms induced by the influenza virus. In this review, we summarize the mechanism behind influenza virus cytokine storms and the differences in cytokine storms of different ages and sexes, and in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (Y.G.); (X.Z.); (S.Z.); (Z.O.); (S.J.)
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (Y.G.); (X.Z.); (S.Z.); (Z.O.); (S.J.)
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14
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Todorović-Raković N, Whitfield JR. Between immunomodulation and immunotolerance: The role of IFNγ in SARS-CoV-2 disease. Cytokine 2021; 146:155637. [PMID: 34242899 PMCID: PMC8253693 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Interferons have prominent roles in various pathophysiological conditions, mostly related to inflammation. Interferon-gamma (IFNγ) was, initially discovered as a potent antiviral agent, over 50 years ago, and has recently garnered renewed interest as a promising factor involved in both innate and adaptive immunity. When new disease epidemics appear such as SARS-CoV (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus), MERS-CoV (Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus), IAV (Influenza A virus), and in particular the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, it is especially timely to review the complexity of immune system responses to viral infections. Here we consider the controversial roles of effectors like IFNγ, discussing its actions in immunomodulation and immunotolerance. We explore the possibility that modulation of IFNγ could be used to influence the course of such infections. Importantly, not only could endogenous expression of IFNγ influence the outcome, there are existing IFNγ therapeutics that can readily be applied in the clinic. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlled by IFNγ suggests that the exact timing for application of IFNγ-based therapeutics could be crucial: it should be earlier to significantly reduce the viral load and thus decrease the overall severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Todorović-Raković
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Jonathan R Whitfield
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Carrer Natzaret 115, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Harpur CM, Le Page MA, Tate MD. Too young to die? How aging affects cellular innate immune responses to influenza virus and disease severity. Virulence 2021; 12:1629-1646. [PMID: 34152253 PMCID: PMC8218692 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1939608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza is a respiratory viral infection that causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The innate immune cell response elicited during influenza A virus (IAV) infection forms the critical first line of defense, which typically is impaired as we age. As such, elderly individuals more commonly succumb to influenza-associated complications, which is reflected in most aged animal models of IAV infection. Here, we review the important roles of several major innate immune cell populations in influenza pathogenesis, some of which being deleterious to the host, and the current knowledge of how age-associated numerical, phenotypic and functional cell changes impact disease development. Further investigation into age-related modulation of innate immune cell responses, using appropriate animal models, will help reveal how immunity to IAV may be compromised by aging and inform the development of novel therapies, tailored for use in this vulnerable group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Harpur
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Mélanie A Le Page
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Michelle D Tate
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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16
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Feng E, Balint E, Poznanski SM, Ashkar AA, Loeb M. Aging and Interferons: Impacts on Inflammation and Viral Disease Outcomes. Cells 2021; 10:708. [PMID: 33806810 PMCID: PMC8004738 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As highlighted by the COVID-19 global pandemic, elderly individuals comprise the majority of cases of severe viral infection outcomes and death. A combined inability to control viral replication and exacerbated inflammatory immune activation in elderly patients causes irreparable immune-mediated tissue pathology in response to infection. Key to these responses are type I, II, and III interferons (IFNs), which are involved in inducing an antiviral response, as well as controlling and suppressing inflammation and immunopathology. IFNs support monocyte/macrophage-stimulated immune responses that clear infection and promote their immunosuppressive functions that prevent excess inflammation and immune-mediated pathology. The timing and magnitude of IFN responses to infection are critical towards their immunoregulatory functions and ability to prevent immunopathology. Aging is associated with multiple defects in the ability of macrophages and dendritic cells to produce IFNs in response to viral infection, leading to a dysregulation of inflammatory immune responses. Understanding the implications of aging on IFN-regulated inflammation will give critical insights on how to treat and prevent severe infection in vulnerable individuals. In this review, we describe the causes of impaired IFN production in aging, and the evidence to suggest that these impairments impact the regulation of the innate and adaptive immune response to infection, thereby causing disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ali A. Ashkar
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; (E.F.); (E.B.); (S.M.P.); (M.L.)
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17
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Clark SE, Schmidt RL, Aguilera ER, Lenz LL. IL-10-producing NK cells exacerbate sublethal Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in the lung. Transl Res 2020; 226:70-82. [PMID: 32634590 PMCID: PMC7572800 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lung inflammation is tightly controlled to balance microbial clearance with the tissue damage that accompanies this response. Bacterial pathogens including Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) modulate immune regulation by promoting secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. The important cellular sources of IL-10 that impact protection against different bacterial infections are not well characterized. We find that S. pneumoniaeactivates IL-10 secretion from natural killer (NK) cells in the lung, which restrict host protection in a mouse model of sublethal infection. Direct transfer of wild-type NK cells into the lungs of IL-10-deficient mice drives bacterial expansion, identifying NK cells as a critical source of IL-10 promoting S. pneumoniae infection. The S. pneumoniae virulence protein Spr1875 was found to elicit NK cell IL-10 production in purified cells and in the lungs of live animals. These findings reveal therapeutic targets to combat bacterial-driven immune regulation in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Clark
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.
| | - Rebecca L Schmidt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; Department of Biology and Chemistry, Upper Iowa University, Fayette, Iowa
| | - Elizabeth R Aguilera
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Laurel L Lenz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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18
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Frank K, Paust S. Dynamic Natural Killer Cell and T Cell Responses to Influenza Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:425. [PMID: 32974217 PMCID: PMC7461885 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses have perplexed scientists for over a hundred years. Yearly vaccines limit their spread, but they do not prevent all infections. Therapeutic treatments for those experiencing severe infection are limited; further advances are held back by insufficient understanding of the fundamental immune mechanisms responsible for immunopathology. NK cells and T cells are essential in host responses to influenza infection. They produce immunomodulatory cytokines and mediate the cytotoxic response to infection. An imbalance in NK and T cell responses can lead to two outcomes: excessive inflammation and tissue damage or insufficient anti-viral functions and uncontrolled infection. The main cause of death in influenza patients is the former, mediated by hyperinflammatory responses termed “cytokine storm.” NK cells and T cells contribute to cytokine storm, but they are also required for viral clearance. Many studies have attempted to distinguish protective and pathogenic components of the NK cell and T cell influenza response, but it has become clear that they are dynamic and integrated processes. This review will analyze how NK cell and T cell effector functions during influenza infection affect the host response and correlate with morbidity and mortality outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Frank
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States.,The Skaggs Graduate Program in Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Silke Paust
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States.,The Skaggs Graduate Program in Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
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19
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Tarasov SA, Gorbunov EA, Don ES, Emelyanova AG, Kovalchuk AL, Yanamala N, Schleker ASS, Klein-Seetharaman J, Groenestein R, Tafani JP, van der Meide P, Epstein OI. Insights into the Mechanism of Action of Highly Diluted Biologics. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:1345-1354. [PMID: 32727888 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic use of Abs in cancer, autoimmunity, transplantation, and other fields is among the major biopharmaceutical advances of the 20th century. Broader use of Ab-based drugs is constrained because of their high production costs and frequent side effects. One promising approach to overcome these limitations is the use of highly diluted Abs, which are produced by gradual reduction of an Ab concentration to an extremely low level. This technology was used to create a group of drugs for the treatment of various diseases, depending on the specificity of the used Abs. Highly diluted Abs to IFN-γ (hd-anti-IFN-γ) have been demonstrated to be efficacious against influenza and other respiratory infections in a variety of preclinical and clinical studies. In the current study, we provide evidence for a possible mechanism of action of hd-anti-IFN-γ. Using high-resolution solution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we show that the drug induced conformational changes in the IFN-γ molecule. Chemical shift changes occurred in the amino acids located primarily at the dimer interface and at the C-terminal region of IFN-γ. These molecular changes could be crucial for the function of the protein, as evidenced by an observed hd-anti-IFN-γ-induced increase in the specific binding of IFN-γ to its receptor in U937 cells, enhanced induced production of IFN-γ in human PBMC culture, and increased survival of influenza A-infected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A Tarasov
- OOO "NPF "Materia Medica Holding," 127473 Moscow, Russian Federation.,The Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Elena S Don
- OOO "NPF "Materia Medica Holding," 127473 Moscow, Russian Federation.,The Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandra G Emelyanova
- OOO "NPF "Materia Medica Holding," 127473 Moscow, Russian Federation.,The Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Naveena Yanamala
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | - A Sylvia S Schleker
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | - Judith Klein-Seetharaman
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | | | | | | | - Oleg I Epstein
- OOO "NPF "Materia Medica Holding," 127473 Moscow, Russian Federation.,The Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russian Federation
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20
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Zhang E, Wang J, Li Y, Huang L, Wang Y, Yang Q. Comparison of oral and nasal immunization with inactivated porcine epidemic diarrhea virus on intestinal immunity in piglets. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:1596-1606. [PMID: 32742391 PMCID: PMC7388329 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has proven to be a major problem for the porcine industry worldwide. Conventional injectable vaccines induce effective systemic immune responses but are less effective in preventing PEDV at mucosal invasion sites, including the nasal or oral mucosa. Additionally, antigens delivered orally are easily degraded. Nasal immunization induces intestinal mucosal immune responses, which can aid in blocking viral invasion, and requires fewer antigen inoculation doses. Therefore, nasal immunizations are considered to be a potential approach to overcome viral infections. In the present study, nasal immunization of piglets was performed using inactivated PEDV combined with Bacillus subtilis as an immunopotentiator and the efficacy of nasal immunization was assessed. The results demonstrated that compared with oral immunization, piglets from the nasal immunization group exhibited higher levels of neutralizing antibodies (P<0.01) in the intestine, PEDV-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)G (P<0.01) in serum and PEDV-specific secretory IgA (SIgA) in saliva (P<0.01) and nasal secretions (P<0.01). An increased number of intestinal CD3+ T cells, IgA-secreting cells and intraepithelial lymphocytes (P<0.05) were also observed. Furthermore, the protein expression levels of interleukin-6 and interferon-γ, relative to the control PEDV infection, were also significantly elevated (P<0.05). The results of the present study indicate that nasal immunization is more effective at inducing the intestinal mucosal immune response, and provide new insights into a novel vaccination strategy that may be used to decrease the incidence of PEDV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- En Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P.R. China
| | - Jialu Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P.R. China
| | - Yuchen Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P.R. China
| | - Lulu Huang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P.R. China
| | - Yongheng Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P.R. China
| | - Qian Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P.R. China
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21
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Campbell LK, Magor KE. Pattern Recognition Receptor Signaling and Innate Responses to Influenza A Viruses in the Mallard Duck, Compared to Humans and Chickens. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:209. [PMID: 32477965 PMCID: PMC7236763 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mallard ducks are a natural host and reservoir of avian Influenza A viruses. While most influenza strains can replicate in mallards, the virus typically does not cause substantial disease in this host. Mallards are often resistant to disease caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses, while the same strains can cause severe infection in humans, chickens, and even other species of ducks, resulting in systemic spread of the virus and even death. The differences in influenza detection and antiviral effectors responsible for limiting damage in the mallards are largely unknown. Domestic mallards have an early and robust innate response to infection that seems to limit replication and clear highly pathogenic strains. The regulation and timing of the response to influenza also seems to circumvent damage done by a prolonged or dysregulated immune response. Rapid initiation of innate immune responses depends on viral recognition by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) expressed in tissues where the virus replicates. RIG-like receptors (RLRs), Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and Nod-like receptors (NLRs) are all important influenza sensors in mammals during infection. Ducks utilize many of the same PRRs to detect influenza, namely RIG-I, TLR7, and TLR3 and their downstream adaptors. Ducks also express many of the same signal transduction proteins including TBK1, TRIF, and TRAF3. Some antiviral effectors expressed downstream of these signaling pathways inhibit influenza replication in ducks. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in our understanding of influenza recognition and response through duck PRRs and their adaptors. We compare basal tissue expression and regulation of these signaling components in birds, to better understand what contributes to influenza resistance in the duck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee K Campbell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Katharine E Magor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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22
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Seo GY, Giles DA, Kronenberg M. The role of innate lymphoid cells in response to microbes at mucosal surfaces. Mucosal Immunol 2020; 13:399-412. [PMID: 32047273 PMCID: PMC7186215 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-0265-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a lymphocyte population that is mostly resident at mucosal surfaces. They help to induce an appropriate immune response to the microbiome at homeostasis. In healthy people, the mucosal immune system works symbiotically with organisms that make up the microbiota. ILCs play a critical role in orchestrating this balance, as they can both influence and in turn be influenced by the microbiome. ILCs also are important regulators of the early response to infections by diverse types of pathogenic microbes at mucosal barriers. Their rapid responses initiate inflammatory programs, production of antimicrobial products and repair processes. This review will focus on the role of ILCs in response to the microbiota and to microbial infections of the lung and intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goo-Young Seo
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Daniel A Giles
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Mitchell Kronenberg
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA,Division of Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA,Correspondence:
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23
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Pleguezuelos O, Dille J, de Groen S, Oftung F, Niesters HGM, Islam MA, Næss LM, Hungnes O, Aldarij N, Idema DL, Perez AF, James E, Frijlink HW, Stoloff G, Groeneveld P, Hak E. Immunogenicity, Safety, and Efficacy of a Standalone Universal Influenza Vaccine, FLU-v, in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Ann Intern Med 2020; 172:453-462. [PMID: 32150750 DOI: 10.7326/m19-0735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND FLU-v is a broad-spectrum influenza vaccine that induces antibodies and cell-mediated immunity. OBJECTIVE To compare the safety, immunogenicity, and exploratory efficacy of different formulations and dosing regimens of FLU-v versus placebo. DESIGN Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-center phase 2b clinical trial. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02962908; EudraCT: 2015-001932-38). SETTING The Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS 175 healthy adults aged 18 to 60 years. INTERVENTION 0.5-mL subcutaneous injection of 500 µg of adjuvanted (1 dose) or nonadjuvanted (2 doses) FLU-v (A-FLU-v or NA-FLU-v) or adjuvanted or nonadjuvanted placebo (A-placebo or NA-placebo) (2:2:1:1 ratio). MEASUREMENTS Vaccine-specific cellular responses at days 0, 42, and 180 were assessed via flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Solicited information on adverse events (AEs) was collected for 21 days after vaccination. Unsolicited information on AEs was collected throughout the study. RESULTS The AEs with the highest incidence were mild to moderate injection site reactions. The difference between A-FLU-v and A-placebo in the median fold increase in secreted interferon-γ (IFN-γ) was 38.2-fold (95% CI, 4.7- to 69.7-fold; P = 0.001) at day 42 and 25.0-fold (CI, 5.7- to 50.9-fold; P < 0.001) at day 180. The differences between A-FLU-v and A-placebo in median fold increase at day 42 were 4.5-fold (CI, 2.3- to 9.8-fold; P < 0.001) for IFN-γ-producing CD4+ T cells, 4.9-fold (CI, 1.3- to 40.0-fold; P < 0.001) for tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), 7.0-fold (CI, 3.5- to 18.0-fold; P < 0.001) for interleukin-2 (IL-2), and 1.7-fold (CI, 0.1- to 4.0-fold; P = 0.004) for CD107a. At day 180, differences were 2.1-fold (CI, 0.0- to 6.0-fold; P = 0.030) for IFN-γ and 5.7-fold (CI, 2.0- to 15.0-fold; P < 0.001) for IL-2, with no difference for TNF-α or CD107a. No differences were seen between NA-FLU-v and NA-placebo. LIMITATION The study was not powered to evaluate vaccine efficacy against influenza infection. CONCLUSION Adjuvanted FLU-v is immunogenic and merits phase 3 development to explore efficacy. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE SEEK and the European Commission Directorate-General for Research and Innovation, European Member States within the UNISEC (Universal Influenza Vaccines Secured) project.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joep Dille
- Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Netherlands (J.D., S.D., P.G.)
| | - Sofie de Groen
- Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Netherlands (J.D., S.D., P.G.)
| | - Fredrik Oftung
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway (F.O., L.M.N., O.H.)
| | - Hubert G M Niesters
- University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (H.G.N.)
| | - Md Atiqul Islam
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands, and Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh (M.A.I.)
| | | | - Olav Hungnes
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway (F.O., L.M.N., O.H.)
| | - Nuhoda Aldarij
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (N.A., D.L.I., H.W.F., E.H.)
| | - Demi L Idema
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (N.A., D.L.I., H.W.F., E.H.)
| | | | - Emma James
- SEEK, London, United Kingdom (O.P., A.F.P., E.J., G.S.)
| | - Henderik W Frijlink
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (N.A., D.L.I., H.W.F., E.H.)
| | | | | | - Eelko Hak
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (N.A., D.L.I., H.W.F., E.H.)
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24
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Aguilera ER, Lenz LL. Inflammation as a Modulator of Host Susceptibility to Pulmonary Influenza, Pneumococcal, and Co-Infections. Front Immunol 2020; 11:105. [PMID: 32117259 PMCID: PMC7026256 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial and viral pathogens are predominant causes of pulmonary infections and complications. Morbidity and mortality from these infections is increased in populations that include the elderly, infants, and individuals with genetic disorders such as Down syndrome. Immune senescence, concurrent infections, and other immune alterations occur in these susceptible populations, but the underlying mechanisms that dictate increased susceptibility to lung infections are not fully defined. Here, we review unique features of the lung as a mucosal epithelial tissue and aspects of inflammatory and immune responses in model pulmonary infections and co-infections by influenza virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. In these models, lung inflammatory responses are a double-edged sword: recruitment of immune effectors is essential to eliminate bacteria and virus-infected cells, but inflammatory cytokines drive changes in the lung conducive to increased pathogen replication. Excessive accumulation of inflammatory cells also hinders lung function, possibly causing death of the host. Some animal studies have found that targeting host modulators of lung inflammatory responses has therapeutic or prophylactic effects in these infection and co-infection models. However, conflicting results from other studies suggest microbiota, sequence of colonization, or other unappreciated aspects of lung biology also play important roles in the outcome of infections. Regardless, a predisposition to excessive or aberrant inflammatory responses occurs in susceptible human populations. Hence, in appropriate contexts, modulation of inflammatory responses may prove effective for reducing the frequency or severity of pulmonary infections. However, there remain limitations in our understanding of how this might best be achieved—particularly in diverse human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Aguilera
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Laurel L Lenz
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
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25
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Ong HK, Yong CY, Tan WS, Yeap SK, Omar AR, Razak MA, Ho KL. An Influenza A Vaccine Based on the Extracellular Domain of Matrix 2 Protein Protects BALB/C Mice Against H1N1 and H3N2. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7030091. [PMID: 31430965 PMCID: PMC6789677 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7030091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Current seasonal influenza A virus (IAV) vaccines are strain-specific and require annual reconstitution to accommodate the viral mutations. Mismatches between the vaccines and circulating strains often lead to high morbidity. Hence, development of a universal influenza A vaccine targeting all IAV strains is urgently needed. In the present study, the protective efficacy and immune responses induced by the extracellular domain of Matrix 2 protein (M2e) displayed on the virus-like particles of Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (NvC-M2ex3) were investigated in BALB/c mice. NvC-M2ex3 was demonstrated to be highly immunogenic even in the absence of adjuvants. Higher anti-M2e antibody titers corresponded well with increased survival, reduced immunopathology, and morbidity of the infected BALB/c mice. The mice immunized with NvC-M2ex3 exhibited lower H1N1 and H3N2 virus replication in the respiratory tract and the vaccine activated the production of different antiviral cytokines when they were challenged with H1N1 and H3N2. Collectively, these results suggest that NvC-M2ex3 could be a potential universal influenza A vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Kian Ong
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chean Yeah Yong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wen Siang Tan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, Sepang 43900, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mariatulqabtiah Abdul Razak
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kok Lian Ho
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
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26
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Fujimoto Y, Kyogoku K, Takeda K, Ozaki K, Yamamoto S, Suyama H, Ono E. Antiviral effects against influenza A virus infection by a short hairpin RNA targeting the non-coding terminal region of the viral nucleoprotein gene. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:383-388. [PMID: 30674743 PMCID: PMC6451914 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) can inhibit Influenza A virus (IAV) infection in a gene-specific manner. In this study, we constructed a transgene expressing a short hairpin RNA
(shRNA) that targets the noncoding region of the IAV RNA gene encoding nucleoprotein (NP). To investigate the antiviral effects of the shRNA, we generated two transgenic mouse lines with
this transgene. Unfortunately, there was no apparent difference in IAV resistance between transgenic and non-transgenic littermates. To further investigate the antiviral effects of the
shRNA, we prepared mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from transgenic and non-transgenic mice. In experimental infections using these MEFs, virus production of mouse-adapted IAV strain
A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (PR8) in the transgenic MEFs was suppressed by means of the down-regulation of the viral RNA gene transcription in the early stages of infection in comparison with
non-transgenic MEFs. These results indicated that expression of the shRNA was able to confer antiviral properties against IAVs to MEFs, although the effects were limited. Our findings
suggest that the shRNA targeting the noncoding region of the viral RNA (vRNA) of NP might be a supporting tool in developing influenza-resistant poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Fujimoto
- Department of Biomedicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Center of Biomedical Research, Research Center for Human Disease Modeling, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Kagoshima-shi, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Kenji Kyogoku
- Biotechnology Development Laboratories, Health Care Solutions Research Institute, Kaneka Corporation, 1-8 Takasago-shi, Hyogo 676-8688, Japan
| | - Keiko Takeda
- Department of Biomedicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kinuyo Ozaki
- Center of Biomedical Research, Research Center for Human Disease Modeling, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Sayo Yamamoto
- Center of Biomedical Research, Research Center for Human Disease Modeling, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Haruka Suyama
- Center of Biomedical Research, Research Center for Human Disease Modeling, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Etsuro Ono
- Department of Biomedicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Center of Biomedical Research, Research Center for Human Disease Modeling, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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27
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Kronstad LM, Seiler C, Vergara R, Holmes SP, Blish CA. Differential Induction of IFN-α and Modulation of CD112 and CD54 Expression Govern the Magnitude of NK Cell IFN-γ Response to Influenza A Viruses. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 201:2117-2131. [PMID: 30143589 PMCID: PMC6143432 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In human and murine studies, IFN-γ is a critical mediator immunity to influenza. IFN-γ production is critical for viral clearance and the development of adaptive immune responses, yet excessive production of IFN-γ and other cytokines as part of a cytokine storm is associated with poor outcomes of influenza infection in humans. As NK cells are the main population of lung innate immune cells capable of producing IFN-γ early in infection, we set out to identify the drivers of the human NK cell IFN-γ response to influenza A viruses. We found that influenza triggers NK cells to secrete IFN-γ in the absence of T cells and in a manner dependent upon signaling from both cytokines and receptor-ligand interactions. Further, we discovered that the pandemic A/California/07/2009 (H1N1) strain elicits a seven-fold greater IFN-γ response than other strains tested, including a seasonal A/Victoria/361/2011 (H3N2) strain. These differential responses were independent of memory NK cells. Instead, we discovered that the A/Victoria/361/2011 influenza strain suppresses the NK cell IFN-γ response by downregulating NK-activating ligands CD112 and CD54 and by repressing the type I IFN response in a viral replication-dependent manner. In contrast, the A/California/07/2009 strain fails to repress the type I IFN response or to downregulate CD54 and CD112 to the same extent, which leads to the enhanced NK cell IFN-γ response. Our results indicate that influenza implements a strain-specific mechanism governing NK cell production of IFN-γ and identifies a previously unrecognized influenza innate immune evasion strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Kronstad
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Christof Seiler
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Rosemary Vergara
- Immunology Program, School of Medicine, Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305; and
| | - Susan P Holmes
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Catherine A Blish
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305;
- Immunology Program, School of Medicine, Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305; and
- Chan Zuckerberg BioHub, San Francisco, CA 94158
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28
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Wein AN, Dunbar PR, McMaster SR, Li ZRT, Denning TL, Kohlmeier JE. IL-36γ Protects against Severe Influenza Infection by Promoting Lung Alveolar Macrophage Survival and Limiting Viral Replication. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 201:573-582. [PMID: 29848754 PMCID: PMC6089355 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although influenza virus infection remains a concerning disease for public health, the roles of individual cytokines during the immune response to influenza infection are not fully understood. We have identified IL-36γ as a key mediator of immune protection during both high- and low-pathogenesis influenza infection. Il36g mRNA is upregulated in the lung following influenza infection, and mice lacking IL-36γ have greatly increased morbidity and mortality upon infection with either H1N1 or H3N2 influenza. The increased severity of influenza infection in IL-36γ-knockout (KO) mice is associated with increased viral titers, higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines early in infection, and more diffuse pathologic conditions late in the disease course. Interestingly, the increased severity of disease in IL-36γ-KO mice correlates with a rapid loss of alveolar macrophages following infection. We find that the alveolar macrophages from naive IL-36γ-KO mice have higher expression of M2-like surface markers compared with wild-type (WT) mice and show increased apoptosis within 24 h of infection. Finally, transfer of WT alveolar macrophages to IL-36γ-KO mice restores protection against lethal influenza challenge to levels observed in WT mice. Together, these data identify a critical role for IL-36γ in immunity against influenza virus and demonstrate the importance of IL-36γ signaling for alveolar macrophage survival during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Wein
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322; and
| | - Paul R Dunbar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322; and
| | - Sean R McMaster
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322; and
| | - Zheng-Rong Tiger Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322; and
| | - Timothy L Denning
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303
| | - Jacob E Kohlmeier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322; and
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29
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Mansoor KA, Qadan F, Schmidt M, Qinna NA, Badr M, Matalka KZ. A Functional Food Mixture "Protector" Reinforces the Protective Immune Parameters against Viral Flu Infection in Mice. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10060743. [PMID: 29890620 PMCID: PMC6024812 DOI: 10.3390/nu10060743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Viral influenza infection causes serious health issues especially when an outbreak occurs. Although influenza virus vaccines are available and each year manufactures modify the vaccine depending on the expected mutated strain, it is still far from satisfactory, mainly in young children and older adults. Therefore, a product that can support and shape the immune system to protect against viral flu infections is highly essential. Methods: A functional food water-soluble mixture of pomegranate, red grape, dates, olive fruit, figs, and ginger extracts, termed herein “Protector”, was prepared and tested in stimulating/modulating the production of specific cytokines, and hemagglutinin inhibition (HAI) antibodies following viral flu vaccination in mice. Results: A single intraperitoneal or multiple oral administration for 1–7 days of “Protector” significantly increased the production of interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-12 in blood, spleen, and lungs of mice. When “Protector” was orally administered for one week following a single vaccine injection (primary immunization) or for two weeks (one week apart) following double vaccine injections (secondary immunization), mice significantly produced higher titers of HAI antibodies. This increase in HAI antibodies was associated with Pillow-inducing significant and different changes in vaccine-induced IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-6 and IL-22 following primary and secondary immunizations. Conclusions: “Protector” administration reinforces the protective immune parameters against viral flu infection. Therefore, after performing preclinical toxicology studies and ensuring its safety, “Protector” should be considered a potential product to be tested in clinical trials to conclude its efficacy in reducing the devastating effects of flu infection in humans and its outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenza A Mansoor
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan.
| | - Fadi Qadan
- Herbresearch Germany, Wartbergweg 15, D-86874 Mattsies, Germany.
| | - Mathias Schmidt
- Herbresearch Germany, Wartbergweg 15, D-86874 Mattsies, Germany.
| | - Nidal A Qinna
- University of Petra Pharmaceutical Center (UPPC), Amman, Jordan.
| | - Mujtaba Badr
- University of Petra Pharmaceutical Center (UPPC), Amman, Jordan.
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Intranasal inoculate of influenza virus vaccine against lethal virus challenge. Vaccine 2018; 36:4354-4361. [PMID: 29880240 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Vaccine adjuvants are essential for enhancing immune responses during vaccination. However, only a limited number of safe and effective adjuvants, especially mucosal adjuvants, are available for use in vaccines. The development of a practically applicable mucosal adjuvant is therefore urgently needed. Here, we showed that the non-toxic CTA1-DD adjuvant, which combined the full enzymatic activity of the A1 subunit of cholera toxin (CT) with two immunoglobulin-binding domains of Staphylococcus aureus protein A (SpA), promoted mucosal and systemic humoral and cell-mediated immune responses following intranasal administration with H1N1 split vaccine in mice. We demonstrated that CTA1-DD-adjuvant vaccine provided 100% protection against mortality and greatly reduced morbidity in a mouse model. We also showed that addition of CTA1-DD to the vaccine elicited significantly higher hemagglutination inhibition titers and IgG antibodies in sera than alum adjuvant. Furthermore, CTA1-DD significantly promoted the production of mucosal secretory IgA in lung lavages and vaginal lavages. We also showed that CTA1-DD could be used as a mucosal adjuvant to enhance T cell responses. Our results clearly indicated that CTA1-DD contributed to the elicitation of a protective cell-mediated immune response required for efficacious vaccination against influenza virus, which suggested that this adjuvant could be explored further as a clinically safe mucosal vaccine adjuvant for respiratory diseases and other mucosal diseases.
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Lee YJ, Lee JY, Jang YH, Seo SU, Chang J, Seong BL. Non-specific Effect of Vaccines: Immediate Protection against Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection by a Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:83. [PMID: 29445364 PMCID: PMC5797773 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The non-specific effects (NSEs) of vaccines have been discussed for their potential long-term beneficial effects beyond direct protection against a specific pathogen. Cold-adapted, live attenuated influenza vaccine (CAIV) induces local innate immune responses that provide a broad range of antiviral immunity. Herein, we examined whether X-31ca, a donor virus for CAIVs, provides non-specific cross-protection against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The degree of RSV replication was significantly reduced when X-31ca was administered before RSV infection without any RSV-specific antibody responses. The vaccination induced an immediate release of cytokines and infiltration of leukocytes into the respiratory tract, moderating the immune perturbation caused by RSV infection. The potency of protection against RSV challenge was significantly reduced in TLR3-/- TLR7-/- mice, confirming that the TLR3/7 signaling pathways are necessary for the observed immediate and short-term protection. The results suggest that CAIVs provide short-term, non-specific protection against genetically unrelated respiratory pathogens. The additional benefits of CAIVs in mitigating acute respiratory infections for which vaccines are not yet available need to be assessed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young J. Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Y. Lee
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yo H. Jang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Uk Seo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun Chang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
- Vaccine Translational Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Baik L. Seong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Vaccine Translational Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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Memory CD8 T cells mediate severe immunopathology following respiratory syncytial virus infection. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1006810. [PMID: 29293660 PMCID: PMC5766251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory CD8 T cells can provide protection from re-infection by respiratory viruses such as influenza and SARS. However, the relative contribution of memory CD8 T cells in providing protection against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is currently unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we utilized a prime-boost immunization approach to induce robust memory CD8 T cell responses in the absence of RSV-specific CD4 T cells and antibodies. Unexpectedly, RSV infection of mice with pre-existing CD8 T cell memory led to exacerbated weight loss, pulmonary disease, and lethal immunopathology. The exacerbated disease in immunized mice was not epitope-dependent and occurred despite a significant reduction in RSV viral titers. In addition, the lethal immunopathology was unique to the context of an RSV infection as mice were protected from a normally lethal challenge with a recombinant influenza virus expressing an RSV epitope. Memory CD8 T cells rapidly produced IFN-γ following RSV infection resulting in elevated protein levels in the lung and periphery. Neutralization of IFN-γ in the respiratory tract reduced morbidity and prevented mortality. These results demonstrate that in contrast to other respiratory viruses, RSV-specific memory CD8 T cells can induce lethal immunopathology despite mediating enhanced viral clearance. Memory CD8 T cells have been shown to provide protection against many respiratory viruses. However, the ability of memory CD8 T cells to provide protection against RSV has not been extensively examined. Unexpectedly, mice with pre-existing CD8 T cell memory, in the absence of memory CD4 T cells and antibodies, exhibited exacerbated morbidity and mortality following RSV infection. We demonstrate that the immunopathology is the result of early and excessive production of IFN-γ by memory CD8 T cells in the lung. Our research provides important new insight into the mechanisms of how memory T cells induce immunopathology. In addition, our findings serve as an important cautionary tale against the use of epitope-based T cell vaccines against RSV.
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IFN-γ increases susceptibility to influenza A infection through suppression of group II innate lymphoid cells. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:209-219. [PMID: 28513592 PMCID: PMC5693789 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Increased levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) are routinely observed in the respiratory tract following influenza virus infection, yet its potential role remains unclear. We now demonstrate that influenza-induced IFN-γ restricts protective innate lymphoid cell group II (ILC2) function in the lung following challenge with the pandemic H1N1 A/CA/04/2009 (CA04) influenza virus. Specifically, IFN-γ deficiency resulted in enhanced ILC2 activity, characterized by increased production of interleukin (IL)-5 and amphiregulin, and improved tissue integrity, yet no change in ILC2 numbers, viral load or clearance. We further found that IFN-γ-deficient mice, as well as wild-type animals treated with neutralizing anti-IFN-γ antibody, exhibited decreased susceptibility to lethal infection with H1N1 CA04 influenza virus, and moreover that survival was dependent on the presence of IL-5. The beneficial effects of IFN-γ neutralization were not observed in ILC2-deficient animals. These data support the novel concept that IFN-γ can have a detrimental role in the pathogenesis of influenza through a restriction in ILC2 activity. Thus, regulation of ILC2 activity is a potential target for post-infection therapy of influenza.
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Hu W, Yang E, Ye J, Han W, Du ZL. Resveratrol protects neuronal cells from isoflurane-induced inflammation and oxidative stress-associated death by attenuating apoptosis via Akt/p38 MAPK signaling. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:1568-1573. [PMID: 29434742 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine whether resveratrol protects neuronal cells from inflammation and isoflurane-induced oxidative stress-associated death via attenuating apoptosis via Akt/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. The PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cell line was treated with 2% isoflurane + 21% O2 + 5% CO2 for 6 h and pre-treated with resveratrol (0-1,000 µM) for 0, 24 or 48 h prior to isoflurane treatment. An MTT assay, flow cytometry and ELISA of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase revealed that resveratrol reduced growth inhibition, restrained apoptosis and suppressed inflammation and oxidative stress induced by isoflurane in PC12 cells. Pretreatment with resveratrol effectively reduced caspase-3 activity and inducible nitric oxide synthase protein expression in isoflurane-induced PC12 cells. In addition, western blot analysis demonstrated that resveratrol treatment significantly attenuated isoflurane-induced decreases in the activated phosphorylated (p)-Akt/Akt ratio and increases in the p-p38/p38 MAPK protein ratio in PC12 cells. These findings indicated that resveratrol was able to protect neuronal cells from isoflurane-induced inflammation and oxidative stress-associated death by attenuating apoptosis via Akt/p38 MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xinxiang Central Hospital of Henan Province, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R. China
| | - Ei Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xinxiang Central Hospital of Henan Province, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R. China
| | - Jianxin Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xinxiang Central Hospital of Henan Province, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R. China
| | - Weili Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xinxiang Central Hospital of Henan Province, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R. China
| | - Zeng-Li Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, Coking Coal Central Hospital of Henan Province, Jiaozuo, Henan 454000, P.R. China
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Fujiyuki T, Horie R, Yoneda M, Kuraishi T, Yasui F, Kwon HJ, Munekata K, Ikeda F, Hoshi M, Kiso Y, Omi M, Sato H, Kida H, Hattori S, Kohara M, Kai C. Efficacy of recombinant measles virus expressing highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) antigen against HPAIV infection in monkeys. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12017. [PMID: 28931922 PMCID: PMC5607339 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08326-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) is a serious threat not only to domestic fowls but also to humans. Vaccines inducing long-lasting immunity against HPAIV are required. In the present study, we generated recombinant measles virus (MV) expressing the hemagglutinin protein of HPAIV without the multibasic site necessary for its pathogenicity in chickens using the backbone of an MV vaccine strain (rMV-Ed-H5HA) or a wild-type MV-derived mutant (rMV-HL-Vko-H5HA). We examined protective efficacy of the candidate vaccines in the monkey infection model by the challenge with a HPAIV (H5N1). Cynomolgus monkeys inoculated with the candidate vaccines produced both anti-H5 HA and anti-MV antibodies. They recovered earlier from influenza symptoms than unvaccinated monkeys after the challenge with the HPAIV strain. Chest radiography and histopathological analyses confirmed less severe pneumonia in the vaccinated monkeys. Vaccination tended to suppress viral shedding and reduced the interleukin-6 levels in the lungs. Furthermore, the vaccination with rMV-Ed-H5HA of monkeys with pre-existing anti-MV immunity induced the production of anti-H5 HA antibodies. These results suggest that both candidate vaccines effectively reduce disease severity in naïve hosts, and that rMV-Ed-H5HA is a particularly good candidate vaccine against HPAIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Fujiyuki
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Ryo Horie
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.,International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Misako Yoneda
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kuraishi
- International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.,Amami Laboratory of Injurious Animals, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 802, Tean Sude, Setouchi-cho, Oshima-gun, Kagoshima, 894-1531, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Yasui
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Hyun-Jeong Kwon
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Keisuke Munekata
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Fusako Ikeda
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Miho Hoshi
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yuri Kiso
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Mio Omi
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kida
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, North 20, West 10 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Shosaku Hattori
- Amami Laboratory of Injurious Animals, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 802, Tean Sude, Setouchi-cho, Oshima-gun, Kagoshima, 894-1531, Japan
| | - Michinori Kohara
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Chieko Kai
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan. .,International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan. .,Amami Laboratory of Injurious Animals, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 802, Tean Sude, Setouchi-cho, Oshima-gun, Kagoshima, 894-1531, Japan.
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36
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Guo XZJ, Thomas PG. New fronts emerge in the influenza cytokine storm. Semin Immunopathol 2017; 39:541-550. [PMID: 28555383 PMCID: PMC5580809 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-017-0636-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Influenza virus is a significant pathogen in humans and animals with the ability to cause extensive morbidity and mortality. Exuberant immune responses induced following infection have been described as a "cytokine storm," associated with excessive levels of proinflammatory cytokines and widespread tissue damage. Recent studies have painted a more complex picture of cytokine networks and their contributions to clinical outcomes. While many cytokines clearly inflict immunopathology, others have non-pathological delimited roles in sending alarm signals, facilitating viral clearance, and promoting tissue repair, such as the IL-33-amphiregulin axis, which plays a key role in resolving some types of lung damage. Recent literature suggests that type 2 cytokines, traditionally thought of as not involved in anti-influenza immunity, may play an important regulatory role. Here, we discuss the diverse roles played by cytokines after influenza infection and highlight new, serene features of the cytokine storm, while highlighting the specific functions of relevant cytokines that perform unique immune functions and may have applications for influenza therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Zhi J Guo
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
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Kamble NM, Hyoung KJ, Lee JH. Live-attenuated auxotrophic mutant of Salmonella Typhimurium expressing immunogenic HA1 protein enhances immunity and protective efficacy against H1N1 influenza virus infection. Future Microbiol 2017; 12:739-752. [PMID: 28594235 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2016-0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the efficacy of attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium (JOL912) as a live bacterial vaccine vector. MATERIALS & METHODS The JOL912 engineered to deliver HA1 protein from influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1; PR8) virus was coined as JOL1635 and further evaluated for immunogenicity and protective efficacy. RESULTS The JOL1635 stably harbored the HA1 gene within pMMP65 plasmid with periplasmic expression and effective delivery of HA1 protein to RAW264.7 cells. The JOL1635 immunized chickens showed the significant increase in HA1-specific IgG, sIgA antibody, IFN-γ, IL-6 cytokine and cellular immune responses. The postoral challenge, the JOL1635-immunized chickens showed a faster clearance of PR8 virus cloacal shedding than the control group. CONCLUSION Generated JOL1635 can establish specific immunogenicity and protection against the PR8 virus in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Machindra Kamble
- Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, Jeonju 570-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Kim Je Hyoung
- Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, Jeonju 570-752, Republic of Korea
| | - John Hwa Lee
- Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, Jeonju 570-752, Republic of Korea
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38
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Wolf S, Johnson S, Perwitasari O, Mahalingam S, Tripp RA. Targeting the pro-inflammatory factor CCL2 (MCP-1) with Bindarit for influenza A (H7N9) treatment. Clin Transl Immunology 2017; 6:e135. [PMID: 28435679 PMCID: PMC5382437 DOI: 10.1038/cti.2017.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses are important human and animal pathogens. Seasonal influenza viruses cause infections every year, and occasionally zoonotic viruses emerge to cause pandemics with significantly higher morbidity and mortality rates. Three cases of laboratory confirmed human infection with avian influenza A (H7N9) virus were reported in 2013, and there have been several cases reported across South East Asia, and recently in North America. Most patients experience severe respiratory illness, with mortality rates approaching 40%. No vaccine is currently available and the use of antivirals is complicated due to the emergence of drug resistant strains. Thus, there is a need to identify new drugs for therapeutic intervention and disease control. In humans, following H7N9 infection, there is excessive expression of pro-inflammatory factors CCL2, IL-6, IL-8, IFNα, interferon-γ, IP-10, MIG and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β, which has been shown to contribute to fatal disease outcomes in mouse models of infection. In the current study, the potent inhibitor of CCL2 synthesis, Bindarit, was examined as a countermeasure for H7N9-induced inflammation in a mouse model. Bindarit treatment of mice did not have any substantial therapeutic efficacy in H7N9 infection. Consequently, the results suggest that Bindarit may be ill-advised in the treatment of influenza H7N9 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Wolf
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, Australia
| | - Scott Johnson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Olivia Perwitasari
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Suresh Mahalingam
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ralph A Tripp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Chandler JD, Hu X, Ko EJ, Park S, Lee YT, Orr M, Fernandes J, Uppal K, Kang SM, Jones DP, Go YM. Metabolic pathways of lung inflammation revealed by high-resolution metabolomics (HRM) of H1N1 influenza virus infection in mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 311:R906-R916. [PMID: 27558316 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00298.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Influenza is a significant health concern worldwide. Viral infection induces local and systemic activation of the immune system causing attendant changes in metabolism. High-resolution metabolomics (HRM) uses advanced mass spectrometry and computational methods to measure thousands of metabolites inclusive of most metabolic pathways. We used HRM to identify metabolic pathways and clusters of association related to inflammatory cytokines in lungs of mice with H1N1 influenza virus infection. Infected mice showed progressive weight loss, decreased lung function, and severe lung inflammation with elevated cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interferon (IFN)-γ] and increased oxidative stress via cysteine oxidation. HRM showed prominent effects of influenza virus infection on tryptophan and other amino acids, and widespread effects on pathways including purines, pyrimidines, fatty acids, and glycerophospholipids. A metabolome-wide association study (MWAS) of the aforementioned inflammatory cytokines was used to determine the relationship of metabolic responses to inflammation during infection. This cytokine-MWAS (cMWAS) showed that metabolic associations consisted of distinct and shared clusters of 396 metabolites highly correlated with inflammatory cytokines. Strong negative associations of selected glycosphingolipid, linoleate, and tryptophan metabolites with IFN-γ contrasted strong positive associations of glycosphingolipid and bile acid metabolites with IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10. Anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 had strong positive associations with vitamin D, purine, and vitamin E metabolism. The detailed metabolic interactions with cytokines indicate that targeted metabolic interventions may be useful during life-threatening crises related to severe acute infection and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Chandler
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Xin Hu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Eun-Ju Ko
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | - Michael Orr
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Jolyn Fernandes
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Karan Uppal
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | | | - Dean P Jones
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Young-Mi Go
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; and
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40
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LeMessurier KS, Lin Y, McCullers JA, Samarasinghe AE. Antimicrobial peptides alter early immune response to influenza A virus infection in C57BL/6 mice. Antiviral Res 2016; 133:208-17. [PMID: 27531368 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Influenza is a disease of the respiratory system caused by single stranded RNA viruses with varying genotypes. Immunopathogenesis to influenza viruses differs based on virus strain, dose, and mouse strain used in laboratory models. Although effective mucosal immune defenses are important in early host defense against influenza, information on the kinetics of these immune defense mechanisms during the course of influenza infection is limited. We investigated changes to antimicrobial peptides and primary innate immune cells at early time points after infection and compared these variables between two prominent H1N1 influenza A virus (IAV) strains, A/CA/04/2009 and A/PR/08/1934 in C57BL/6 mice. Alveolar and parenchymal macrophage ratios were altered after IAV infection and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in macrophages was induced after IAV infection. Genes encoding antimicrobial peptides, β-defensin (Defb4), bactericidal-permeability increasing protein (Bpifa1), and cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (Camp), were differentially regulated after IAV infection and the kinetics of Defb4 expression differed in response to each virus strain. Beta-defensin reduced infectivity of A/CA/04/2009 virus but not A/PR/08/1934. Beta defensins also changed the innate immune cell profile wherein mice pre-treated with β-defensin had increased alveolar macrophages and CD103(+) dendritic cells, and reduced CD11b(+) dendritic cells and neutrophils. In addition to highlighting that immune responses may vary based on influenza virus strain used, our data suggest an important role for antimicrobial peptides in host defense against influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim S LeMessurier
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Yanyan Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Jonathan A McCullers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Amali E Samarasinghe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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41
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Peng XQ, Zhou HF, Lu YY, Chen JK, Wan HT, Zhang YY. Protective effects of Yinhuapinggan granule on mice with influenza viral pneumonia. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 30:85-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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42
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Park SJ, Kumar M, Kwon HI, Seong RK, Han K, Song JM, Kim CJ, Choi YK, Shin OS. Dynamic changes in host gene expression associated with H5N8 avian influenza virus infection in mice. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16512. [PMID: 26576844 PMCID: PMC4649622 DOI: 10.1038/srep16512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging outbreaks of newly found, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N8) viruses have been reported globally. Previous studies have indicated that H5N8 pathogenicity in mice is relatively moderate compared with H5N1 pathogenicity. However, detailed mechanisms underlying avian influenza pathogenicity are still undetermined. We used a high-throughput RNA-seq method to analyse host and pathogen transcriptomes in the lungs of mice infected with A/MD/Korea/W452/2014 (H5N8) and A/EM/Korea/W149/2006 (H5N1) viruses. Sequenced numbers of viral transcripts and expression levels of host immune-related genes at 1 day post infection (dpi) were higher in H5N8-infected than H5N1-infected mice. Dual sequencing of viral transcripts revealed that in contrast to the observations at 1 dpi, higher number of H5N1 genes than H5N8 genes was sequenced at 3 and 7 dpi, which is consistent with higher viral titres and virulence observed in infected lungs in vivo. Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed a more significant upregulation of death receptor signalling, driven by H5N1 than with H5N8 infection at 3 and 7 dpi. Early induction of immune response-related genes may elicit protection in H5N8-infected mice, which correlates with moderate pathogenicity in vivo. Collectively, our data provide new insight into the underlying mechanisms of the differential pathogenicity of avian influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Park
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Hyeok-il Kwon
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Rak-Kyun Seong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, 152-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyudong Han
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, 330-714 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-min Song
- Department of Global Medical Science, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, 136-742 Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Joong Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ki Choi
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Sarah Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, 152-703, Republic of Korea.,Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701 Republic of Korea
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Clifford HD, Perks KL, Zosky GR. Geogenic PM₁₀ exposure exacerbates responses to influenza infection. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 533:275-282. [PMID: 26172594 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) exposure has been linked epidemiologically to exacerbations of lung disease, including respiratory infections. We investigated the effects of geogenic (earth-derived) PM10 (PM<10 μm diameter) on the response to a respiratory viral infection. Geogenic dust was sampled from four communities in arid environments in Western Australia. Adult female BALB/c mice were intranasally exposed to chronic doses of PM10 (10 μg/day for 10 days), and/or infected with influenza (A/Mem/1/71) virus. Inflammation (cells, IL-6, IFN-γ) was measured in bronchoalveolar lavage. Lung mechanics were measured using the forced oscillation technique. Geogenic PM10 induced lung inflammation (neutrophils, macrophages) with additive effects in mice also infected with influenza. PM10 also modified the influenza-induced IL-6 and IFN-γ responses. Geogenic PM10 increased airway resistance, and increased hysteresivity in those exposed to both insults. Viral titres were significantly higher after PM10 exposure. Iron concentration was inversely associated with IFN-γ and positively associated with viral titre and hysteresivity. Geogenic PM10 exposure increases inflammation, impairs lung function and increases viral load, exacerbating the response to respiratory viral infection. Iron in the particles may be a driver of these responses. This has important implications for respiratory health in communities exposed to high geogenic PM10, such as those in arid environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly D Clifford
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Kara L Perks
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Graeme R Zosky
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Inactivated Influenza Vaccine That Provides Rapid, Innate-Immune-System-Mediated Protection and Subsequent Long-Term Adaptive Immunity. mBio 2015; 6:e01024-15. [PMID: 26507227 PMCID: PMC4626850 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01024-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The continual threat to global health posed by influenza has led to increased efforts to improve the effectiveness of influenza vaccines for use in epidemics and pandemics. We show in this study that formulation of a low dose of inactivated detergent-split influenza vaccine with a Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) agonist-based lipopeptide adjuvant (R4Pam2Cys) provides (i) immediate, antigen-independent immunity mediated by the innate immune system and (ii) significant enhancement of antigen-dependent immunity which exhibits an increased breadth of effector function. Intranasal administration of mice with vaccine formulated with R4Pam2Cys but not vaccine alone provides protection against both homologous and serologically distinct (heterologous) viral strains within a day of administration. Vaccination in the presence of R4Pam2Cys subsequently also induces high levels of systemic IgM, IgG1, and IgG2b antibodies and pulmonary IgA antibodies that inhibit hemagglutination (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) activities of homologous but not heterologous virus. Improved primary virus nucleoprotein (NP)-specific CD8+ T cell responses are also induced by the use of R4Pam2Cys and are associated with robust recall responses to provide heterologous protection. These protective effects are demonstrated in wild-type and antibody-deficient animals but not in those depleted of CD8+ T cells. Using a contact-dependent virus transmission model, we also found that heterologous virus transmission from vaccinated mice to naive mice is significantly reduced. These results demonstrate the potential of adding a TLR2 agonist to an existing seasonal influenza vaccine to improve its utility by inducing immediate short-term nonspecific antiviral protection and also antigen-specific responses to provide homologous and heterologous immunity. The innate and adaptive immune systems differ in mechanisms, specificities, and times at which they take effect. The innate immune system responds within hours of exposure to infectious agents, while adaptive immunity takes several days to become effective. Here we show, by using a simple lipopeptide-based TLR2 agonist, that an influenza detergent-split vaccine can be made to simultaneously stimulate and amplify both systems to provide immediate antiviral protection while giving the adaptive immune system time to implement long-term immunity. Both types of immunity induced by this approach protect against vaccine-matched as well as unrelated virus strains and potentially even against strains yet to be encountered. Conferring dual functionality to influenza vaccines is beneficial for improving community protection, particularly during periods between the onset of an outbreak and the time when a vaccine becomes available or in scenarios in which mass vaccination with a strain to which the population is immunologically naive is imperative.
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Peng XQ, Zhou HF, Zhang YY, Yang JH, Wan HT, He Y. Antiviral effects of Yinhuapinggan granule against influenza virus infection in the ICR mice model. J Nat Med 2015; 70:75-88. [PMID: 26439479 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-015-0939-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Yinhuapinggan granule (YHPG), a Chinese medicine granule based on Ma-Huang-Tang (Ephedra Decoction) and the clinical experience of Professor Wan Haitong, is used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of colds, influenza, fever, inflammation and cough. This study investigated the antiviral effects of YHPG on the production of inflammatory cytokines in influenza virus (IFV)-infected mice and evaluated the effect of YHPG on the expression of NF-κB p65 and the level of key signaling molecules in the TLR4 signaling pathway. ICR mice were orally administrated YHPG at doses of 7.5, 15 and 30 g kg(-1) day(-1) for 2 or 6 days after IFV infection. On days 3 and 7 after infection, YHPG (15 g/kg and 30 g/kg) significantly increased levels of interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon gamma and decreased levels of IL-4, IL-5 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in serum compared with the IFV control group. Furthermore, the expression of TLR4, MyD88, TRAF6 and NF-κB p65 at the mRNA and protein level was significantly lower in the YHPG (15 and 30 g/kg) treatment groups than in the IFV control group. These results suggest that YHPG has antiviral effects in IFV-infected mice, which is associated with the inhibition of the TLR4-MyD88-TRAF6 signaling pathway and the expression of NF-κB p65.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-qian Peng
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Hui-fen Zhou
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yu-yan Zhang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Jie-hong Yang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Hai-tong Wan
- Institute of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yu He
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, China.
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Kawahara T, Takahashi T, Oishi K, Tanaka H, Masuda M, Takahashi S, Takano M, Kawakami T, Fukushima K, Kanazawa H, Suzuki T. Consecutive oral administration of Bifidobacterium longum MM-2 improves the defense system against influenza virus infection by enhancing natural killer cell activity in a murine model. Microbiol Immunol 2015; 59:1-12. [PMID: 25400245 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bifidobacterium, one of the major components of intestinal microflora, shows anti-influenza virus (IFV) potential as a probiotic, partly through enhancement of innate immunity by modulation of the intestinal immune system. Bifidobacterium longum MM-2 (MM-2), a very safe bacterium in humans, was isolated from healthy humans and its protective effect against IFV infection in a murine model shown. In mice that were intranasally inoculated with IFV, oral administration of MM-2 for 17 consecutive days improved clinical symptoms, reduced mortality, suppressed inflammation in the lower respiratory tract, and decreased virus titers, cell death, and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The anti-IFV mechanism of MM-2 involves innate immunity through significant increases in NK cell activities in the lungs and spleen and a significant increase in pulmonary gene expression of NK cell activators such as IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-12 and IL-18. Even in non-infected mice, MM-2 administration also induced significant enhancement of both IFN-γ production by Peyer's patch cells (PPs) and splenetic NK cell activity. Oral administration of MM-2 for 17 days activates systemic immunoreactivity in PPs, which contributes to innate immunity, including NK cell activation, resulting in an anti-IFV effect. MM-2 as a probiotic may function as a prophylactic agent in the management of an IFV epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Kawahara
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan; Biofermin Kobe Research Institute, Biofermin Pharmaceutical, 7-3-4 Ibukidai-Higashimachi, Nishi-ku, Kobe, 651-2242, Japan
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Yan W, Wei J, Deng X, Shi Z, Zhu Z, Shao D, Li B, Wang S, Tong G, Ma Z. Transcriptional analysis of immune-related gene expression in p53-deficient mice with increased susceptibility to influenza A virus infection. BMC Med Genomics 2015; 8:52. [PMID: 26282854 PMCID: PMC4539693 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-015-0127-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background p53 is a tumor suppressor that contributes to the host immune response against viral infections in addition to its well-established protective role against cancer development. In response to influenza A virus (IAV) infection, p53 is activated and plays an essential role in inhibiting IAV replication. As a transcription factor, p53 regulates the expression of a range of downstream responsive genes either directly or indirectly in response to viral infection. We compared the expression profiles of immune-related genes between IAV-infected wild-type p53 (p53WT) and p53-deficient (p53KO) mice to gain an insight into the basis of p53-mediated antiviral response. Methods p53KO and p53WT mice were infected with influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (PR8) strain. Clinical symptoms and body weight changes were monitored daily. Lung specimens of IAV-infected mice were collected for analysis of virus titers and gene expression profiles. The difference in immune-related gene expression levels between IAV-infected p53KO and p53WT mice was comparatively determined using microarray analysis and confirmed by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results p53KO mice showed an increased susceptibility to IAV infection compared to p53WT mice. Microarray analysis of gene expression profiles in the lungs of IAV-infected mice indicated that the increased susceptibility was associated with significantly changed expression levels in a range of immune-related genes in IAV-infected p53KO mice. A significantly attenuated expression of Ifng (encoding interferon (IFN)-gamma), Irf7 (encoding IFN regulator factor 7), and antiviral genes, such as Mx2 and Eif2ak2 (encoding PKR), were observed in IAV-infected p53KO mice, suggesting an impaired IFN-mediated immune response against IAV infection in the absence of p53. In addition, dysregulated expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as Ccl2 (encoding MCP-1), Cxcl9, Cxcl10 (encoding IP-10), and Tnf, were detected in IAV-infected p53KO mice during early IAV infection, reflecting an aberrant inflammatory response. Conclusion Lack of p53 resulted in the impaired expression of genes involved in IFN signaling and the dysregulated expression of cytokine and chemokine genes in IAV-infected mice, suggesting an essential role of p53 in the regulation of antiviral and inflammatory responses during IAV infection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12920-015-0127-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Yan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 518, Ziyue Road, Shanghai,, 200241, PR China.
| | - Jianchao Wei
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 518, Ziyue Road, Shanghai,, 200241, PR China.
| | - Xufang Deng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 518, Ziyue Road, Shanghai,, 200241, PR China.
| | - Zixue Shi
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 518, Ziyue Road, Shanghai,, 200241, PR China.
| | - Zixiang Zhu
- Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China.
| | - Donghua Shao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 518, Ziyue Road, Shanghai,, 200241, PR China.
| | - Beibei Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 518, Ziyue Road, Shanghai,, 200241, PR China.
| | - Shaohui Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 518, Ziyue Road, Shanghai,, 200241, PR China.
| | - Guangzhi Tong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 518, Ziyue Road, Shanghai,, 200241, PR China.
| | - Zhiyong Ma
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 518, Ziyue Road, Shanghai,, 200241, PR China.
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Ji B, Sun TT, Ma ZL, Lu QF, Hu WL, Jian ZH, Jiang Y, Chen PF. Possible Association of IFN-γ Gene -316A/G SNP with Humoral Immune Response to Killed H5N1 HPAI Vaccine in a Red Junglefowl Population. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2015; 35:844-9. [PMID: 26154533 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2015.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the role of interferon (IFN)-γ gene (IFNG) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the resistance to H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), we determined the SNPs, the log2-transformed specific antibody titers, and ex vivo recall antigen-specific IFN-γ production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in 62 red junglefowls (Gallus gallus) immunized twice with inactivated H5N1 HPAI vaccine. Consequently, 52 SNPs were detected in the amplified 1137-bp length covering the promoter region and all exons, with +2133A/T SNP in the coding DNA sequence that caused a missense mutation and was identified in G. gallus for the first time. For -316A/G SNP genotypes, the chi-squared test showed that the bird sample was in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P=0.369>0.05), and the least squares analysis revealed an increasing tendency in the antibody titers with G to A substitution so that a significant difference occurred between the AA genotype (8.031±0.247) and the GG genotype (6.571±0.528) (P=0.015<0.05, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.0004-0.0866), as basically consistent with the antigen-induced IFN-γ protein expression, which indicated possible association of the -316A/G SNP with a secondary humoral immune response to the HPAI vaccine in the bird population. These findings may help to improve genetic resistance using cross-breeding and enhance HPAI vaccine-induced immunity in chicken production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ji
- Key Lab of Veterinary Public Health of Yunnan Higher Education Institutes, Division of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University , Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ting Sun
- Key Lab of Veterinary Public Health of Yunnan Higher Education Institutes, Division of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University , Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Liang Ma
- Key Lab of Veterinary Public Health of Yunnan Higher Education Institutes, Division of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University , Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong-Fen Lu
- Key Lab of Veterinary Public Health of Yunnan Higher Education Institutes, Division of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University , Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Li Hu
- Key Lab of Veterinary Public Health of Yunnan Higher Education Institutes, Division of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University , Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Zong-Hui Jian
- Key Lab of Veterinary Public Health of Yunnan Higher Education Institutes, Division of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University , Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Key Lab of Veterinary Public Health of Yunnan Higher Education Institutes, Division of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University , Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Fu Chen
- Key Lab of Veterinary Public Health of Yunnan Higher Education Institutes, Division of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University , Kunming, People's Republic of China
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Liu R, An L, Liu G, Li X, Tang W, Chen X. Mouse lung slices: An ex vivo model for the evaluation of antiviral and anti-inflammatory agents against influenza viruses. Antiviral Res 2015; 120:101-11. [PMID: 26022197 PMCID: PMC7125926 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mouse lung slices stay alive for at least 5 days ex vivo. Influenza viruses can replicate in mouse lung slices and trigger robust cytokine and chemokine responses. A positive correlation in cytokine and chemokine responses between ex vivo and in vivo exists. Neuraminidase and IP-10 can serve as readouts for antiviral and anti-inflammation activities, respectively. This ex vivo model may predict efficacy of drug candidates in antiviral and anti-inflammation activities in vivo.
The influenza A virus is notoriously known for its ability to cause recurrent epidemics and global pandemics. Antiviral therapy is effective when treatment is initiated within 48 h of symptom onset, and delaying treatment beyond this time frame is associated with decreased efficacy. Research on anti-inflammatory therapy to ameliorate influenza-induced inflammation is currently underway and seems important to the impact on the clinical outcome. Both antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs with novel mechanisms of action are urgently needed. Current methods for evaluating the efficacy of anti-influenza drugs rely mostly on transformed cells and animals. Transformed cell models are distantly related to physiological and pathological conditions. Although animals are the best choices for preclinical drug testing, they are not time- or cost-efficient. In this study, we established an ex vivo model using mouse lung slices to evaluate both antiviral and anti-inflammatory agents against influenza virus infection. Both influenza virus PR8 (H1N1) and A/Human/Hubei/3/2005 (H3N2) can replicate efficiently in mouse lung slices and trigger significant cytokine and chemokine responses. The induction of selected cytokines and chemokines were found to have a positive correlation between ex vivo and in vivo experiments, suggesting that the ex vivo cultured lung slices may closely resemble the lung functionally in an in vivo configuration when challenged by influenza virus. Furthermore, a set of agents with known antiviral and/or anti-inflammatory activities were tested to validate the ex vivo model. Our results suggested that mouse lung slices provide a robust, convenient and cost-efficient model for the assessment of both antiviral and anti-inflammatory agents against influenza virus infection in one assay. This ex vivo model may predict the efficacy of drug candidates’ antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 43001, Hubei, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liwei An
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 43001, Hubei, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Anatomy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China(1)
| | - Ge Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 43001, Hubei, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 43001, Hubei, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 43001, Hubei, China
| | - Xulin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 43001, Hubei, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Yong CY, Yeap SK, Ho KL, Omar AR, Tan WS. Potential recombinant vaccine against influenza A virus based on M2e displayed on nodaviral capsid nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:2751-63. [PMID: 25897220 PMCID: PMC4396508 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s77405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus poses a major threat to human health, causing outbreaks from time to time. Currently available vaccines employ inactivated viruses of different strains to provide protection against influenza virus infection. However, high mutation rates of influenza virus hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N) glycoproteins give rise to vaccine escape mutants. Thus, an effective vaccine providing protection against all strains of influenza virus would be a valuable asset. The ectodomain of matrix 2 protein (M2e) was found to be highly conserved despite mutations of the H and N glycoproteins. Hence, one to five copies of M2e were fused to the carboxyl-terminal end of the recombinant nodavirus capsid protein derived from Macrobrachium rosenbergii. The chimeric proteins harboring up to five copies of M2e formed nanosized virus-like particles approximately 30 nm in diameter, which could be purified easily by immobilized metal affinity chromatography. BALB/c mice immunized subcutaneously with these chimeric proteins developed antibodies specifically against M2e, and the titer was proportional to the copy numbers of M2e displayed on the nodavirus capsid nanoparticles. The fusion proteins also induced a type 1 T helper immune response. Collectively, M2e displayed on the nodavirus capsid nanoparticles could provide an alternative solution to a possible influenza pandemic in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chean Yeah Yong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- Institute of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kok Lian Ho
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Institute of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia ; Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wen Siang Tan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia ; Institute of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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