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Weaver SR, Torres HM, Arnold KM, Zars EL, Peralta-Herrera E, Taylor EL, Yu K, Marron Fernandez de Velasco E, Wickman K, McGee-Lawrence ME, Bradley EW, Westendorf JJ. Girk3 deletion increases osteoblast maturation and bone mass accrual in adult male mice. JBMR Plus 2024; 8:ziae108. [PMID: 39228688 PMCID: PMC11370632 DOI: 10.1093/jbmrpl/ziae108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis and other metabolic bone diseases are prevalent in the aging population. While bone has the capacity to regenerate throughout life, bone formation rates decline with age and contribute to reduced bone density and strength. Identifying mechanisms and pathways that increase bone accrual in adults could prevent fractures and accelerate healing. G protein-gated inwardly rectifying K+ (GIRK) channels are key effectors of G protein-coupled receptor signaling. Girk3 was recently shown to regulate endochondral ossification. Here, we demonstrate that deletion of Girk3 increases bone mass after 18 weeks of age. Male 24-week-old Girk3 -/- mice have greater trabecular bone mineral density and bone volume fraction than wildtype (WT) mice. Osteoblast activity is moderately increased in 24-week-old Girk3 -/- mice compared to WT mice. In vitro, Girk3-/- bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are more proliferative than WT BMSCs. Calvarial osteoblasts and BMSCs from Girk3 -/- mice are also more osteogenic than WT cells, with altered expression of genes that regulate the wingless-related integration site (Wnt) family. Wnt inhibition via Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1) or β-catenin inhibition via XAV939 prevents enhanced mineralization, but not proliferation, in Girk3 -/- BMSCs and slows these processes in WT cells. Finally, selective ablation of Girk3 from cells expressing Cre recombinase from the 2.3 kb-Col1a1 promoter, including osteoblasts and osteocytes, is sufficient to increase bone mass and bone strength in male mice at 24 weeks of age. Taken together, these data demonstrate that Girk3 regulates progenitor cell proliferation, osteoblast differentiation, and bone mass accrual in adult male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha R Weaver
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Haydee M Torres
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Katherine M Arnold
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Elizabeth L Zars
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | | | | | - Kanglun Yu
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | | | - Kevin Wickman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Meghan E McGee-Lawrence
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Elizabeth W Bradley
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Jennifer J Westendorf
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
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2
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Kim JH, Simpkins MA, Williams NT, Cimino E, Simon J, Richmond TR, Youther J, Slutz H, Denvir J. Tachol1 QTL on mouse chromosome 1 is responsible for hypercholesterolemia and diet-induced obesity. Mamm Genome 2024; 35:324-333. [PMID: 38837040 PMCID: PMC11339885 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-024-10045-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia raises the risk for cardiovascular complications and overall health. Hypercholesterolemia is common, affecting 10% of the general population of the US, and heritable. Most individuals with hypercholesterolemia have a polygenic predisposition to the condition. Previously we identified a quantitative trait locus, Tachol1, linked to hypercholesterolemia on mouse chromosome 1 (Chr1) in a cross between C57BL/6J (B6) and TALLYHO/JngJ (TH) mice, a polygenic model for human obesity, type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia. Subsequently, using congenic mice that carry a TH-derived genomic segment of Chr1 on a B6 background, we demonstrated that the distal segment of Chr1, where Tachol1 maps, is necessary to cause hypercholesterolemia, as well as diet-induced obesity. In this study, we generated overlapping subcongenic lines to the distal segment of congenic region and characterized subcongenic mice carrying the smallest TH region of Tachol1, ~ 16.2 Mb in size (B6.TH-Chr1-16.2 Mb). Both male and female B6.TH-Chr1-16.2 Mb mice showed a significantly increased plasma total cholesterol levels compared to B6 on both chow and high fat (HF) diet. B6.TH-Chr1-16.2 Mb mice also had greater fat mass than B6 on HF diet, without increasing food intake. The gene and protein expression levels of absent in melanoma 2 (Aim2) gene were significantly upregulated in B6.TH-Chr1-16.2 Mb mice compared to B6. In summary, we confirmed the effect of Tachol1 on hypercholesterolemia and diet-induced obesity using subcongenic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Han Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1700 3rd Ave. BBSC #435K, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA.
| | - Marvin A Simpkins
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1700 3rd Ave. BBSC #435K, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
| | - Nicholas T Williams
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1700 3rd Ave. BBSC #435K, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
| | - Emma Cimino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1700 3rd Ave. BBSC #435K, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
| | - Jadyn Simon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1700 3rd Ave. BBSC #435K, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
| | - Tanner R Richmond
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1700 3rd Ave. BBSC #435K, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
| | - Jared Youther
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1700 3rd Ave. BBSC #435K, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
| | - Hannah Slutz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1700 3rd Ave. BBSC #435K, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
| | - James Denvir
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1700 3rd Ave. BBSC #435K, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
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3
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Brückner A, Brandtner A, Rieck S, Matthey M, Geisen C, Fels B, Stei M, Kusche-Vihrog K, Fleischmann BK, Wenzel D. Site-specific genetic and functional signatures of aortic endothelial cells at aneurysm predilection sites in healthy and AngII ApoE -/- mice. Angiogenesis 2024:10.1007/s10456-024-09933-9. [PMID: 38965173 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-024-09933-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Aortic aneurysm is characterized by a pathological dilation at specific predilection sites of the vessel and potentially results in life-threatening vascular rupture. Herein, we established a modified "Häutchen method" for the local isolation of endothelial cells (ECs) from mouse aorta to analyze their spatial heterogeneity and potential role in site-specific disease development. When we compared ECs from aneurysm predilection sites of healthy mice with adjacent control segments we found regulation of genes related to extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis and inflammation, all pathways playing a critical role in aneurysm development. We also detected enhanced cortical stiffness of the endothelium at these sites. Gene expression of ECs from aneurysms of the AngII ApoE-/- model when compared to sham animals mimicked expression patterns from predilection sites of healthy animals. Thus, this work highlights a striking genetic and functional regional heterogeneity in aortic ECs of healthy mice, which defines the location of aortic aneurysm formation in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Brückner
- Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Adrian Brandtner
- Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sarah Rieck
- Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michaela Matthey
- Department of Systems Physiology, Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University of Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Caroline Geisen
- Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Benedikt Fels
- Institute of Physiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner SiteHamburg/Luebeck/Kiel, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Marta Stei
- Heart Center Bonn, Clinic for Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kristina Kusche-Vihrog
- Institute of Physiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner SiteHamburg/Luebeck/Kiel, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Bernd K Fleischmann
- Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniela Wenzel
- Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Systems Physiology, Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University of Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.
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4
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van Vliet VJE, De Silva A, Mark BL, Kikkert M. Viral deubiquitinating proteases and the promising strategies of their inhibition. Virus Res 2024; 344:199368. [PMID: 38588924 PMCID: PMC11025011 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Several viruses are now known to code for deubiquitinating proteases in their genomes. Ubiquitination is an essential post-translational modification of cellular substrates involved in many processes in the cell, including in innate immune signalling. This post-translational modification is regulated by the ubiquitin conjugation machinery, as well as various host deubiquitinating enzymes. The conjugation of ubiquitin chains to several innate immune related factors is often needed to induce downstream signalling, shaping the antiviral response. Viral deubiquitinating proteins, besides often having a primary function in the viral replication cycle by cleaving the viral polyprotein, are also able to cleave ubiquitin chains from such host substrates, in that way exerting a function in innate immune evasion. The presence of viral deubiquitinating enzymes has been firmly established for numerous animal-infecting viruses, such as some well-researched and clinically important nidoviruses, and their presence has now been confirmed in several plant viruses as well. Viral proteases in general have long been highlighted as promising drug targets, with a current focus on small molecule inhibitors. In this review, we will discuss the range of viral deubiquitinating proteases known to date, summarise the various avenues explored to inhibit such proteases and discuss novel strategies and models intended to inhibit and study these specific viral enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera J E van Vliet
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Center of Infectious Diseases (LU-CID), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, South Holland, the Netherlands; The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Anuradha De Silva
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Brian L Mark
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Marjolein Kikkert
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Center of Infectious Diseases (LU-CID), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, South Holland, the Netherlands.
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5
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Nagy G, Bojcsuk D, Tzerpos P, Cseh T, Nagy L. Lineage-determining transcription factor-driven promoters regulate cell type-specific macrophage gene expression. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:4234-4256. [PMID: 38348998 PMCID: PMC11077085 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Mammalian promoters consist of multifarious elements, which make them unique and support the selection of the proper transcript variants required under diverse conditions in distinct cell types. However, their direct DNA-transcription factor (TF) interactions are mostly unidentified. Murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) are a widely used model for studying gene expression regulation. Thus, this model serves as a rich source of various next-generation sequencing data sets, including a large number of TF cistromes. By processing and integrating the available cistromic, epigenomic and transcriptomic data from BMDMs, we characterized the macrophage-specific direct DNA-TF interactions, with a particular emphasis on those specific for promoters. Whilst active promoters are enriched for certain types of typically methylatable elements, more than half of them contain non-methylatable and prototypically promoter-distal elements. In addition, circa 14% of promoters-including that of Csf1r-are composed exclusively of 'distal' elements that provide cell type-specific gene regulation by specialized TFs. Similar to CG-rich promoters, these also contain methylatable CG sites that are demethylated in a significant portion and show high polymerase activity. We conclude that this unusual class of promoters regulates cell type-specific gene expression in macrophages, and such a mechanism might exist in other cell types too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dóra Bojcsuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Petros Tzerpos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tímea Cseh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
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6
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Sahoo S, Son S, Lee HK, Lee JY, Gosu V, Shin D. Impact of nsSNPs in human AIM2 and IFI16 gene: a comprehensive in silico analysis. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:2603-2615. [PMID: 37139544 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2206907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM2 and IFI16 are the most studied members of AIM2-like receptors (ALRs) in humans and share a common N-Terminal PYD domain and C-terminal HIN domain. The HIN domain binds to dsDNA in response to the invasion of bacterial and viral DNA, and the PYD domain directs apoptosis-associated speck-like protein via protein-protein interactions. Hence, activation of AIM2 and IFI16 is crucial for protection against pathogenic assaults, and any genetic variation in these inflammasomes can dysregulate the human immune system. In this study, different computational tools were used to identify the most deleterious and disease-causing non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) in AIM2 and IFI16 proteins. Molecular dynamic simulation was performed for the top damaging nsSNPs to study single amino acid substitution-induced structural alterations in AIM2 and IFI16. The observed results suggest that the variants G13V, C304R, G266R, and G266D for AIM2, and G13E and C356F are deleterious and affect structural integrity. We hope that the suggested deleterious nsSNPs and structural dynamics of AIM2 and IFI16 variants will guide future research to better understand the function of these variants with large-scale studies and may assist in fresher therapeutics focusing on these polymorphisms.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sthitaprajna Sahoo
- Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwoo Son
- Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Kyo Lee
- Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Yeong Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Vijayakumar Gosu
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyun Shin
- Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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7
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Korhonen E. Inflammasome activation in response to aberrations of cellular homeostasis in epithelial cells from human cornea and retina. Acta Ophthalmol 2024; 102 Suppl 281:3-68. [PMID: 38386419 DOI: 10.1111/aos.16646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
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8
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Gong Z, Dixit M, Poudel SB, Yildirim G, Yakar S, Muzumdar R. Deletion of absent in melanoma (AIM) 2 gene alters bone morphology. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.05.574199. [PMID: 38260661 PMCID: PMC10802368 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.05.574199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Absent in Melanoma (AIM) 2 is a gene that is induced by interferon and acts as a cytosolic sensor for double-stranded (ds) DNA. It forms the AIM2 inflammasome, leading to the production of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. Our previous research demonstrated that mice lacking AIM2 exhibit spontaneous obesity, insulin resistance, and inflammation in adipose tissue. In this study, we aimed to explore the impact of AIM2 gene deletion on bone structure in adult and aged mice. Utilizing micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), we discovered that female mice lacking AIM2 showed an increase in the total cross-sectional area at 5 months of age, accompanied by an increase in cortical thickness in the mid-diaphysis of the femur at both 5 and 15 months of age. At 15 months of age, the cortical bone mineral density (BMD) significantly decreased in AIM2 null females compared to wild-type (WT) mice. In AIM2 null mice, both trabecular bone volume and BMD at the distal metaphysis of the femur significantly decreased at 5 and 15 months of age. Similarly, micro-CT analysis of the L4 vertebra revealed significant decreases in trabecular bone volume and BMD in aged AIM2 null females compared to WT mice. Histological examination of femurs from aged mice demonstrated increased bone marrow adiposity in AIM2 null mice, accompanied by a significant increase in CD45-/CD31-/Sca1+/Pdgfa+ adipose progenitor cells, and a decrease in the ratio of CD31-/CD31+ osteogenic progenitor cells, as determined by flow cytometry of bone marrow cells. Our findings suggest that AIM2 deficiency affects bone health by promoting adipogenesis in bone marrow cells and inducing a pro-inflammatory environment, potentially contributing to the decreased bone mineral density.
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Yao J, Sterling K, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Song W. The role of inflammasomes in human diseases and their potential as therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:10. [PMID: 38177104 PMCID: PMC10766654 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01687-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are large protein complexes that play a major role in sensing inflammatory signals and triggering the innate immune response. Each inflammasome complex has three major components: an upstream sensor molecule that is connected to a downstream effector protein such as caspase-1 through the adapter protein ASC. Inflammasome formation typically occurs in response to infectious agents or cellular damage. The active inflammasome then triggers caspase-1 activation, followed by the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and pyroptotic cell death. Aberrant inflammasome activation and activity contribute to the development of diabetes, cancer, and several cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. As a result, recent research has increasingly focused on investigating the mechanisms that regulate inflammasome assembly and activation, as well as the potential of targeting inflammasomes to treat various diseases. Multiple clinical trials are currently underway to evaluate the therapeutic potential of several distinct inflammasome-targeting therapies. Therefore, understanding how different inflammasomes contribute to disease pathology may have significant implications for developing novel therapeutic strategies. In this article, we provide a summary of the biological and pathological roles of inflammasomes in health and disease. We also highlight key evidence that suggests targeting inflammasomes could be a novel strategy for developing new disease-modifying therapies that may be effective in several conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yao
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Keenan Sterling
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, Brain Research Center, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Zhe Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P.R. China.
| | - Weihong Song
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, Brain Research Center, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, School of Mental Health and The Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Institute of Aging, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
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10
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Wrublewsky S, Wilden C, Bickelmann C, Menger MD, Laschke MW, Ampofo E. Absent in Melanoma (AIM)2 Promotes the Outcome of Islet Transplantation by Repressing Ischemia-Induced Interferon (IFN) Signaling. Cells 2023; 13:16. [PMID: 38201220 PMCID: PMC10778091 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Clinical islet transplantation is limited by ischemia-induced islet cell death. Recently, it has been reported that the absent in melanoma (AIM)2 inflammasome is upregulated by ischemic cell death due to recognition of aberrant cytoplasmic self-dsDNA. However, it is unknown whether AIM2 determines the outcome of islet transplantation. To investigate this, isolated wild type (WT) and AIM2-deficient (AIM2-/-) islets were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation to mimic ischemia, and their viability, endocrine function, and interferon (IFN) signaling were assessed. Moreover, the revascularization and endocrine function of grafted WT and AIM2-/- islets were analyzed in the mouse dorsal skinfold chamber model and the diabetic kidney capsule model. Ischemic WT and AIM2-/- islets did not differ in their viability. However, AIM2-/- islets exhibited a higher protein level of p202, a transcriptional regulator of IFN-β and IFN-γ gene expression. Accordingly, these cytokines were upregulated in AIM2-/- islets, resulting in a suppressed gene expression and secretion of insulin. Moreover, the revascularization of AIM2-/- islet grafts was deteriorated when compared to WT controls. Furthermore, transplantation of AIM2-/- islets in diabetic mice failed to restore physiological blood glucose levels. These findings indicate that AIM2 crucially determines the engraftment and endocrine function of transplanted islets by repressing IFN signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Emmanuel Ampofo
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (S.W.)
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11
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Baran M, Feriotti C, McGinley A, Carlile SR, Jiang Z, Calderon-Gonzalez R, Dumigan A, Sá-Pessoa J, Sutton CE, Kearney J, McLoughlin RM, Mills KHG, Fitzgerald KA, Bengeochea JA, Bowie AG. PYHIN protein IFI207 regulates cytokine transcription and IRF7 and contributes to the establishment of K. pneumoniae infection. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112341. [PMID: 37018072 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PYHIN proteins AIM2 and IFI204 sense pathogen DNA, while other PYHINs have been shown to regulate host gene expression through as-yet unclear mechanisms. We characterize mouse PYHIN IFI207, which we find is not involved in DNA sensing but rather is required for cytokine promoter induction in macrophages. IFI207 co-localizes with both active RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) and IRF7 in the nucleus and enhances IRF7-dependent gene promoter induction. Generation of Ifi207-/- mice shows no role for IFI207 in autoimmunity. Rather, IFI207 is required for the establishment of a Klebsiella pneumoniae lung infection and for Klebsiella macrophage phagocytosis. These insights into IFI207 function illustrate that PYHINs can have distinct roles in innate immunity independent of DNA sensing and highlight the need to better characterize the whole mouse locus, one gene at a time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Baran
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Claudia Feriotti
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queens University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, UK
| | - Aoife McGinley
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Simon R Carlile
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Zhaozhao Jiang
- Division of Innate Immunity, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Ricardo Calderon-Gonzalez
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queens University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, UK
| | - Amy Dumigan
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queens University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, UK
| | - Joana Sá-Pessoa
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queens University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, UK
| | - Caroline E Sutton
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jay Kearney
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rachel M McLoughlin
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kingston H G Mills
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Katherine A Fitzgerald
- Division of Innate Immunity, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jose A Bengeochea
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queens University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, UK
| | - Andrew G Bowie
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 Dublin, Ireland.
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12
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Bühler M, Li D, Li L, Runft S, Waltl I, Pavlou A, Kalinke U, Ciurkiewicz M, Huehn J, Floess S, Beineke A, Baumgärtner W, Gerhauser I. IFNAR signaling of neuroectodermal cells is essential for the survival of C57BL/6 mice infected with Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:58. [PMID: 36872323 PMCID: PMC9985866 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02737-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) is a single-stranded RNA virus that causes encephalitis followed by chronic demyelination in SJL mice and spontaneous seizures in C57BL/6 mice. Since earlier studies indicated a critical role of type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling in the control of viral replication in the central nervous system (CNS), mouse strain-specific differences in pathways induced by the IFN-I receptor (IFNAR) might determine the outcome of TMEV infection. METHODS Data of RNA-seq analysis and immunohistochemistry were used to compare the gene and protein expression of IFN-I signaling pathway members between mock- and TMEV-infected SJL and C57BL/6 mice at 4, 7 and 14 days post-infection (dpi). To address the impact of IFNAR signaling in selected brain-resident cell types, conditional knockout mice with an IFNAR deficiency in cells of the neuroectodermal lineage (NesCre±IFNARfl/fl), neurons (Syn1Cre±IFNARfl/fl), astrocytes (GFAPCre±IFNARfl/fl), and microglia (Sall1CreER±IFNARfl/fl) on a C57BL/6 background were tested. PCR and an immunoassay were used to quantify TMEV RNA and cytokine and chemokine expression in their brain at 4 dpi. RESULTS RNA-seq analysis revealed upregulation of most ISGs in SJL and C57BL/6 mice, but Ifi202b mRNA transcripts were only increased in SJL and Trim12a only in C57BL/6 mice. Immunohistochemistry showed minor differences in ISG expression (ISG15, OAS, PKR) between both mouse strains. While all immunocompetent Cre-negative control mice and the majority of mice with IFNAR deficiency in neurons or microglia survived until 14 dpi, lack of IFNAR expression in all cells (IFNAR-/-), neuroectodermal cells, or astrocytes induced lethal disease in most of the analyzed mice, which was associated with unrestricted viral replication. NesCre±IFNARfl/fl mice showed more Ifnb1, Tnfa, Il6, Il10, Il12b and Ifng mRNA transcripts than Cre-/-IFNARfl/fl mice. IFNAR-/- mice also demonstrated increased IFN-α, IFN-β, IL1-β, IL-6, and CXCL-1 protein levels, which highly correlated with viral load. CONCLUSIONS Ifi202b and Trim12a expression levels likely contribute to mouse strain-specific susceptibility to TMEV-induced CNS lesions. Restriction of viral replication is strongly dependent on IFNAR signaling of neuroectodermal cells, which also controls the expression of key pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines during viral brain infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Bühler
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dandan Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
- Centre for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Hannover, Germany
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
- Centre for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Hannover, Germany
- c/o School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Sandra Runft
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
- Centre for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Hannover, Germany
| | - Inken Waltl
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Pavlou
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kalinke
- Centre for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Hannover, Germany
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Ciurkiewicz
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jochen Huehn
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Stefan Floess
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Andreas Beineke
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
- Centre for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
- Centre for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Hannover, Germany
| | - Ingo Gerhauser
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
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13
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Song JX, Villagomes D, Zhao H, Zhu M. cGAS in nucleus: The link between immune response and DNA damage repair. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1076784. [PMID: 36591232 PMCID: PMC9797516 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1076784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As the first barrier of host defense, innate immunity sets up the parclose to keep out external microbial or virus attacks. Depending on the type of pathogens, several cytoplasm pattern recognition receptors exist to sense the attacks from either foreign or host origins, triggering the immune response to battle with the infections. Among them, cGAS-STING is the major pathway that mainly responds to microbial DNA, DNA virus infections, or self-DNA, which mainly comes from genome instability by-product or released DNA from the mitochondria. cGAS was initially found functional in the cytoplasm, although intriguing evidence indicates that cGAS exists in the nucleus where it is involved in the DNA damage repair process. Because the close connection between DNA damage response and immune response and cGAS recognizes DNA in length-dependent but DNA sequence-independent manners, it is urgent to clear the function balance of cGAS in the nucleus versus cytoplasm and how it is shielded from recognizing the host origin DNA. Here, we outline the current conception of immune response and the regulation mechanism of cGAS in the nucleus. Furthermore, we will shed light on the potential mechanisms that are restricted to be taken away from self-DNA recognition, especially how post-translational modification regulates cGAS functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xian Song
- Institute for Translation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Deana Villagomes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Hongchang Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Min Zhu
- Institute for Translation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China,*Correspondence: Min Zhu,
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14
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Uresti-Rivera EE, García-Hernández MH. AIM2-inflammasome role in systemic lupus erythematous and rheumatoid arthritis. Autoimmunity 2022; 55:443-454. [PMID: 35880661 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2022.2103802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The inflammasome AIM2 regulates multiple aspects of innate immune functions and serves as a critical mediator of inflammatory responses. AIM2 inflammasome activation leads to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and IL-18 and participates triggering a pyroptosis response needed to counteract excessive cell proliferation. In addition, AIM2 expression and activation is wide regulated since alteration in its activity may derived in pathological consequences. Consequently, deregulated AIM2 activation contributes to the pathogenic processes of various inflammatory diseases. In this review, we will discuss the activation and function of AIM2 inflammasome, as well as its contribution in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematous pathology. Finally, we highlight the participation of the AIM2-inflammasome at the level of joint in rheumatoid arthritis and at kidney in systemic lupus erythematous. The development of therapeutic strategies based on modulation of AIM2-inflammasome activity should have a tissue-specific focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Uresti-Rivera
- Research Center for Health Sciences and Biomedicine, UASLP, San Luis Potosi, Mexico.,Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, UASLP, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - M H García-Hernández
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS, Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, Delegación Zacatecas, Zacatecas, México
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15
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Borucka J, Sterzyńska K, Kaźmierczak D, Świerczewska M, Nowacka M, Wojtowicz K, Klejewski A, Nowicki M, Zabel M, Ramlau R, Januchowski R. The significance of interferon gamma inducible protein 16 (IFI16) expression in drug resistant ovarian cancer cell lines. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:113036. [PMID: 35489285 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inherent or developed during treatment drug resistance is the main reason for the low effectiveness of chemotherapy in ovarian cancer. IFI16 is a cytoplasmic/nuclear protein involved in response to virus's infection and cell cycle arrest associated with the cellular senescence. METHODS Here we performed a detailed IFI16 expression analysis in ovarian cancer cell lines sensitive (A2780) and resistant to doxorubicin (DOX) (A2780DR1 and A2780DR2) and paclitaxel (PAC) (A2780PR1). IFI16 mRNA level, protein level in the nuclear and cytoplasmic fraction (Western blot analysis), the protein expression in cancer cells and nuclei (immunofluorescence analysis) and cancer patient lesions (immunohistochemistry) were performed in this study. RESULTS We observed upregulation of IFI16 expression in drug resistant cell lines with dominant cytoplasmic localization in DOX-resistant cell lines and nuclear one in the PAC-resistant cell line. The most abundantly overexpressed isoforms of IFI16 were IFI16A and IFI16C. Finally, an analysis of a histological type of ovarian cancer (immunohistochemistry) showed expression in serous ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS Expression of IFI16 in drug-resistant cell lines suggests its role in drug resistance development in ovarian cancer. Expression in serous ovarian cancer suggests its role in the pathogenesis of this histological type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Borucka
- Department of Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego 82/84, 60-569 Poznań, Poland
| | - Karolina Sterzyńska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 St., 61-781 Poznań, Poland
| | - Dominika Kaźmierczak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 St., 61-781 Poznań, Poland
| | - Monika Świerczewska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 St., 61-781 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marta Nowacka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 St., 61-781 Poznań, Poland
| | - Karolina Wojtowicz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 St., 61-781 Poznań, Poland
| | - Andrzej Klejewski
- Department of Nursing, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Smoluchowskiego 11 St., 60-179 Poznań, Poland; Department of Obstetrics and Women's Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33 St, 60-535 Poznań, Poland
| | - Michał Nowicki
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 St., 61-781 Poznań, Poland
| | - Maciej Zabel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland; Department of Anatomy and Histology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, Zyty 28 St, 65-046 Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Rodryg Ramlau
- Department of Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego 82/84, 60-569 Poznań, Poland
| | - Radosław Januchowski
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, Zyty 28 St, 65-046 Zielona Gora, Poland.
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16
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Khan M, Nur S, Abdulaal W. A study on DNA methylation modifying natural compounds identified EGCG for induction of IFI16 gene expression related to the innate immune response in cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2022; 24:218. [PMID: 35707762 PMCID: PMC9178671 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suza Nur
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wesam Abdulaal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Wang S, Bai J. Functions and roles of IFIX, a member of the human HIN-200 family, in human diseases. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:771-780. [PMID: 35039991 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04297-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pyrin and hematopoietic expression, interferon-inducible nature, and nuclear localization (HIN) domain family member 1 (PYHIN1), also known as IFIX, belongs to the family of pyrin proteins. This family includes structurally and functionally related mouse (e.g., p202, p203, and p204 proteins) and human (e.g., the interferon-inducible protein 16, absent in melanoma 2 protein, myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen, and pyrin and HIN domain family 1 or IFIX) proteins. The IFIX protein belongs to the HIN-200 family of interferon-inducible proteins that have a 200-amino acid signature motif at their C-termini. The increased expression of pyrin proteins in most cell types inhibits cell cycle control and modulates cell survival. Consistent with this role for pyrin proteins, IFIX is a potential antiviral DNA sensor that is essential for immune responses, the detection of viral DNA in the nucleus and cytoplasm, and the binding of foreign DNA via its HIN domain in a sequence non-specific manner. By promoting the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of MDM2, IFIX acts as a tumor suppressor, thereby leading to p53/TP53 stabilization, HDAC1 regulation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, and tumor-cell-specific silencing of the maspin gene. These data demonstrate that the potential molecular mechanism(s) underlying the action of the IFIX protein might be associated with the development of human diseases, such as viral infections, malignant tumors, and autoimmune diseases. This review summarizes the current insights into IFIX functions and how its regulation affects the outcomes of various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Hospital of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie Bai
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, 322000, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Masumoto J, Zhou W, Morikawa S, Hosokawa S, Taguchi H, Yamamoto T, Kurata M, Kaneko N. Molecular biology of autoinflammatory diseases. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:33. [PMID: 34635190 PMCID: PMC8507398 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00181-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The long battle between humans and various physical, chemical, and biological insults that cause cell injury (e.g., products of tissue damage, metabolites, and/or infections) have led to the evolution of various adaptive responses. These responses are triggered by recognition of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and/or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), usually by cells of the innate immune system. DAMPs and PAMPs are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) expressed by innate immune cells; this recognition triggers inflammation. Autoinflammatory diseases are strongly associated with dysregulation of PRR interactomes, which include inflammasomes, NF-κB-activating signalosomes, type I interferon-inducing signalosomes, and immuno-proteasome; disruptions of regulation of these interactomes leads to inflammasomopathies, relopathies, interferonopathies, and proteasome-associated autoinflammatory syndromes, respectively. In this review, we discuss the currently accepted molecular mechanisms underlying several autoinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Masumoto
- Department of Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine and Proteo-Science Center, Shitsukawa 454, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine and Proteo-Science Center, Shitsukawa 454, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Morikawa
- Department of Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine and Proteo-Science Center, Shitsukawa 454, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Sho Hosokawa
- Department of Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine and Proteo-Science Center, Shitsukawa 454, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Haruka Taguchi
- Department of Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine and Proteo-Science Center, Shitsukawa 454, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine and Proteo-Science Center, Shitsukawa 454, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Mie Kurata
- Department of Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine and Proteo-Science Center, Shitsukawa 454, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Naoe Kaneko
- Department of Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine and Proteo-Science Center, Shitsukawa 454, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
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19
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Li D, Xie L, Qiao Z, Mai S, Zhu J, Zhang F, Chen S, Li L, Shen F, Qin Y, Yao H, He S, Ma F. STING-mediated degradation of IFI16 negatively regulates apoptosis by inhibiting p53 phosphorylation at serine 392. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100930. [PMID: 34216619 PMCID: PMC8326736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-γ-inducible factor 16 (IFI16) triggers stimulator of interferon (IFN) genes (STING)-dependent type I IFN production during host antiviral immunity and facilitates p53-dependent apoptosis during suppressing tumorigenesis. We have previously reported that STING-mediated IFI16 degradation negatively regulates type I IFN production. However, it is unknown whether STING also suppresses IFI16/p53-dependent apoptosis via degradation of IFI16. Here, our results from flow cytometry apoptosis detection and immunoblot assays show that IFI16 and nutlin-3, a p53 pathway activator, synergistically induce apoptosis in U2OS and A549 cells. Protein kinase R-triggered phosphorylation of p53 at serine 392 is critical for the IFI16-p53-dependent apoptosis. However, overexpression of STING suppresses p53 serine 392 phosphorylation, p53 transcriptional activity, expression of p53 target genes, and p53-dependent mitochondrial depolarization and apoptosis. In summary, our current study demonstrates that STING-mediated IFI16 degradation negatively regulates IFI16-mediated p53-dependent apoptosis in osteosarcoma and non-small cell lung cancer cells, which suggests a protumorigenic role for STING in certain cancer types because of its potent ability to degrade upstream IFI16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapei Li
- Center for Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China.
| | - Lifen Xie
- Center for Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Zigang Qiao
- Center for Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Sanyue Mai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, 988 Central Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingfei Zhu
- Center for Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Center for Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Shengchuan Chen
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China; Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liang Li
- Center for Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China; Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fangrong Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yanghua Qin
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Changhai Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiping Yao
- Center for Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Sudan He
- Center for Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Feng Ma
- Center for Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China; Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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20
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Tran HB, Hamon R, Jersmann H, Ween MP, Asare P, Haberberger R, Pant H, Hodge SJ. AIM2 nuclear exit and inflammasome activation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and response to cigarette smoke. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2021; 18:19. [PMID: 34022905 PMCID: PMC8141226 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-021-00286-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The role inflammasomes play in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is unclear. We hypothesised that the AIM2 inflammasome is activated in the airways of COPD patients, and in response to cigarette smoke. Methods Lung tissue, bronchoscopy-derived alveolar macrophages and bronchial epithelial cells from COPD patients and healthy donors; lungs from cigarette smoke-exposed mice; and cigarette smoke extract-stimulated alveolar macrophages from healthy controls and HBEC30KT cell line were investigated. AIM2 inflammasome activation was assessed by multi-fluorescence quantitative confocal microscopy of speck foci positive for AIM2, inflammasome component ASC and cleaved IL-1β. Subcellular AIM2 localization was assessed by confocal microscopy, and immunoblot of fractionated cell lysates. Nuclear localization was supported by in-silico analysis of nuclear localization predicted scores of peptide sequences. Nuclear and cytoplasmic AIM2 was demonstrated by immunoblot in both cellular fractions from HBEC30KT cells. Results Increased cytoplasmic AIM2 speck foci, colocalized with cleaved IL-1β, were demonstrated in COPD lungs (n = 9) vs. control (n = 5), showing significant positive correlations with GOLD stages. AIM2 nuclear-to-cytoplasmic redistribution was demonstrated in bronchiolar epithelium in cigarette-exposed mice and in HBEC30KT cells post 24 h stimulation with 5% cigarette smoke extract. Alveolar macrophages from 8 healthy non-smokers responded to cigarette smoke extract with an > 8-fold increase (p < 0.05) of cytoplasmic AIM2 and > 6-fold increase (p < 0.01) of colocalized cleaved IL-1β speck foci, which were also localized with ASC. Conclusion The AIM2 inflammasome is activated in the airway of COPD patients, and in response to cigarette smoke exposure, associated with a nuclear to cytoplasmic shift in the distribution of AIM2. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12950-021-00286-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai B Tran
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Rhys Hamon
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia.,Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Hubertus Jersmann
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Miranda P Ween
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Patrick Asare
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Rainer Haberberger
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Harshita Pant
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Sandra J Hodge
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia. .,School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia.
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21
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Human Prostate Epithelial Cells Activate the AIM2 Inflammasome upon Cellular Senescence: Role of POP3 Protein in Aging-Related Prostatic Inflammation. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11040366. [PMID: 33923931 PMCID: PMC8073538 DOI: 10.3390/life11040366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased levels of type I (T1) interferon (IFN)-inducible POP3 protein in myeloid cells inhibit activation of the AIM2 inflammasome and production of IL-1β and IL-18 proinflammatory cytokines. The AIM2 mRNA levels were significantly higher in benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) than the normal prostate. Further, human normal prostate epithelial cells (PrECs), upon becoming senescent, activated an inflammasome. Because in aging related BPH senescent PrECs accumulate, we investigated the role of POP3 and AIM2 proteins in pre-senescent and senescent PrECs. Here we report that the basal levels of the POP3 mRNA and protein were lower in senescent (versus young or old) PrECs that exhibited activation of the T1 IFN response. Further, treatment of PrECs and a BPH cell line (BPH-1) that expresses the androgen receptor (AR) with the male sex hormone dihydrotestosterone (DHT) increased the basal levels of POP3 mRNA and protein, but not AIM2, and inhibited activation of the AIM2 inflammasome. Of interest, a stable knockdown of POP3 protein expression in the BPH-1 cell line increased cytosolic DNA-induced activation of AIM2 inflammasome. These observations suggest a potential role of POP3 protein in aging-related prostatic inflammation.
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Gomez A, Serrano A, Salero E, Tovar A, Amescua G, Galor A, Keane RW, de Rivero Vaccari JP, Sabater AL. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma induce inflammasome-mediated corneal endothelial cell death. Exp Eye Res 2021; 207:108574. [PMID: 33848524 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic corneal endothelial cell (CEC) loss results in corneal edema and vision loss in conditions such as pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK), Fuchs' dystrophy, and corneal graft failure. Low CEC density has been associated with an elevation of intraocular pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (INF)-γ. These cytokines are capable of triggering pyroptosis, a programmed cell death mechanism mediated by the inflammasome, prompting the activation of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β, the perpetuation of inflammation, and subsequent damage of corneal endothelial tissue. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the deleterious contribution of the inflammasome and pyroptosis to CEC loss. METHODS CECs from human donor corneas were treated ex vivo with TNF-α and IFN-γ for 48 h. Levels of caspase-1 and IL-1β were then assayed by ELISA, and the expression of caspase-1 and gasdermin-D (GSDM-D) were confirmed by immunofluorescence. Endothelial cell damage was analyzed by a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay, and oxidative stress was determined by measuring the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the culture media. RESULTS Inflammasome activation and oxidative stress were elevated in CECs following exposure to TNF-α and IFN-γ, which resulted in cell death by pyroptosis as determined by LDH release which was inhibited by the caspase-1 inhibitor Ac-YVAD-cmk. CONCLUSION CEC death is induced by the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ, which contribute to inflammasome activation. Moreover, the inflammasome is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of chronic CEC loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Gomez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Andres Serrano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Enrique Salero
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Arianna Tovar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Guillermo Amescua
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Anat Galor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Robert W Keane
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL, USA
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL, USA
| | - Alfonso L Sabater
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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Shah S, Qin S, Luo Y, Huang Y, Jing R, Shah JN, Chen J, Chen H, Zhong M. AIM2 Inhibits BRAF-Mutant Colorectal Cancer Growth in a Caspase-1-Dependent Manner. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:588278. [PMID: 33842454 PMCID: PMC8027362 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.588278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), a DNA sensor that plays an important role in natural immunity system, has been reported to participate in colorectal cancer (CRC) development. However, the functional role of AIM2 in BRAF-mutant CRC remains unclear. In this study, we first investigated AIM2 expression level in BRAF-mutant CRC tumor tissues. Overexpression of AIM2 in CRC cells was performed to investigate the effect of AIM2 on CRC cell viability, and cell death detection and caspase activity assay were performed to explore the mechanism that AIM2 impacts the growth of BRAF-mutant CRC cells. Moreover, we confirmed the antitumor effect of AIM2 in BRAF-mutant CRC cell-derived tumor xenograft (CDX) models as well as patient-derived organoids (PDOs). Herein, we reported that AIM2 expression was lower in BRAF-mutant than that in BRAF wild-type CRC tumor tissues. Restoring the expression of AIM2 in BRAF-mutant CRC cells greatly inhibits the tumor cell growth by inducing necrotic cell death. Mechanism studies revealed that AIM2-induced cell death is in a caspase-1-dependent manner. Additionally, overexpression of AIM2 significantly inhibits tumor growth and metastasis in BRAF-mutant CRC in vivo, which was further confirmed in BRAF-mutant CRC PDOs. Taken together, our data suggested that AIM2 inhibits BRAF-mutant colon cancer growth in a caspase-1-dependent manner, which may provide evidence to understand the pathogenesis of CRC with BRAF-mutant, as well as new strategies for manipulation of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra Shah
- Department of Surgery, Patan Hospital, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Shaolan Qin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yizhou Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Jing
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jay N Shah
- Department of Surgery, Patan Hospital, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huimin Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Zhong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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MNDA controls the expression of MCL-1 and BCL-2 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Exp Hematol 2020; 88:68-82.e5. [PMID: 32682001 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The myeloid nuclear differentiation antigen (MNDA) is a stress-induced protein that promotes degradation of the anti-apoptotic factor MCL-1 and apoptosis in myeloid cells. MNDA is also expressed in normal lymphoid cells and in B-cell clones isolated from individuals with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), a disease characterized by abnormal apoptosis control. We found that MNDA expression levels inversely correlate with the amount of the anti-apoptotic proteins MCL-1 and BCL-2 in human CLL samples. We report that in response to chemotherapeutic agents that induce genotoxic stress, MNDA exits its typical nucleolar localization and accumulates in the nucleoplasm of CLL and lymphoid cells. Then, MNDA binds chromatin at Mcl1 and Bcl2 genes and affects the transcriptional competence of RNA polymerase II. Our data also reveal that MNDA specifically associates with Mcl1 and Bcl2 (pre-) mRNAs and favors their rapid turnover as a prompt response to genotoxic stress. We propose that this rapid dynamic tuning of RNA levels, which leads to the destabilization of Mcl1 and Bcl2 transcripts, represents a post-transcriptional mechanism of apoptosis control in CLL cells. These results provide an explanation of previous clinical data and corroborate the finding that higher MNDA expression levels in CLL are associated with a better clinical course.
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25
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Lin H, Cao X. Nuclear innate sensors for nucleic acids in immunity and inflammation. Immunol Rev 2020; 297:162-173. [PMID: 32564422 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Innate sensors recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to initiate innate immune response by activating downstream signaling. These evolutionarily conserved innate sensors usually locate in the plasma membrane or cytoplasm. However, the nucleus-localized innate sensors are recently found to detect pathogenic nucleic acids for initiating innate response, demonstrating a complicated crosstalk with cytoplasmic sensors and signaling molecules to form an elaborate tiered innate signaling network between nucleus and cytoplasm. Furthermore, these nuclear innate sensors evolve varied mechanisms for discriminating self from non-self nucleic acids to maintain immune homeostasis and avoid autoinflammatory immune response. In this review, we summarize the recent findings on the identification of nuclear innate sensors for nucleic acids, such as hnRNPA2B1, IFI16, SAFA, and their roles in host defense and inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Lin
- Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuetao Cao
- Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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26
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Li Y, Xing N, Yuan J, Yang J. Sevoflurane attenuates cardiomyocyte apoptosis by mediating the miR-219a/AIM2/TLR4/MyD88 axis in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:1665-1676. [PMID: 32449438 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1765512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a vital cause of death and disability globally. The primary treatment for diminishing acute myocardial ischemic injury is myocardial reperfusion, which may induce cardiomyocyte death. Our aim is to unravel the mechanism of sevoflurane (Sev) in microRNA-219a (miR-219a)-mediated regulation of absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) and TLR4/MyD88 pathway during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). The area of MI and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes of the developed mouse model were evaluated by TTC staining and TUNEL, respectively. After the determination of miR-219a as our target using microarray analysis, miR-219a atagomiR was used to treat the mouse model. The luciferase assay verified whether miR-219a targeted AIM2, and the miR-219a and AIM2 expression in myocardial tissues was detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot. miR-219a was significantly increased in myocardial tissues from mice treated with Sev, and the area of MI and cardiomyocyte apoptosis were decreased as a consequence. The miR-219a inhibitor reversed the action of Sev. Moreover, overexpression of AIM2 or induction of the TLR4 pathway aggravated myocardial I/R injury alleviated by miR-219a. All in all, the treatment of Sev upregulated miR-219a expression, which blocked the TLR4 pathway by targeting AIM2 and attenuated cardiomyocyte apoptosis in myocardial I/R mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , ZhengZhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Na Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , ZhengZhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , ZhengZhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , ZhengZhou, Henan, P.R. China
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Lu F, Lan Z, Xin Z, He C, Guo Z, Xia X, Hu T. Emerging insights into molecular mechanisms underlying pyroptosis and functions of inflammasomes in diseases. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:3207-3221. [PMID: 31621910 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a form of necrotic and inflammatory programmed cell death, which could be characterized by cell swelling, pore formation on plasma membranes, and release of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-18). The process of pyroptosis presents as dual effects: protecting multicellular organisms from microbial infection and endogenous dangers; leading to pathological inflammation if overactivated. Two pathways have been found to trigger pyroptosis: caspase-1 mediated inflammasome pathway with the involvement of NLRP1-, NLRP3-, NLRC4-, AIM2-, pyrin-inflammasome (canonical inflammasome pathway) and caspase-4/5/11-mediated inflammasome pathway (noncanonical inflammasome pathway). Gasdermin D (GSDMD) has been proved to be a substrate of inflammatory caspases (caspase-1/4/5/11), and the cleaved N-terminal domain of GSDMD oligomerizes to form cytotoxic pores on the plasma membrane. Here, we mainly reviewed the up to date mechanisms of pyroptosis, and began with the inflammasomes as the activator of caspase-1/caspase-11, 4, and 5. We further discussed these inflammasomes functions in diseases, including infectious diseases, sepsis, inflammatory autoimmune diseases, and neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhixin Lan
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhaoqi Xin
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Chunrong He
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zimeng Guo
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiaobo Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Tu Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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Zhang M, Jin C, Yang Y, Wang K, Zhou Y, Zhou Y, Wang R, Li T, Hu R. AIM2 promotes non‐small‐cell lung cancer cell growth through inflammasome‐dependent pathway. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:20161-20173. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minda Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing China
| | - Chenyu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing China
| | - Yunjia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing China
| | - Keke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing China
| | - Yunjiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing China
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing China
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing China
| | - Rong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing China
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29
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Choubey D, Panchanathan R. Interferon (IFN)-inducible Absent in Melanoma 2 proteins in the negative regulation of the type I IFN response: Implications for lupus nephritis. Cytokine 2019; 132:154682. [PMID: 30904426 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease that exhibits a strong female bias (female-to-male ratio 9:1) in patients. Further, 40-60% SLE patients develop lupus nephritis (LN), which significantly increases the mortality rates. The failure of current therapies to adequately treat LN in patients reflects an incomplete understanding of the disease pathogenesis. Notably, a chronic increase in serum interferon-α (IFN-α) activity is a heritable risk factor to develop SLE. Accordingly, blood cells from most SLE patients with an active disease exhibit an increase in the expression of the type I IFN (IFN-α/β)-stimulated genes (ISGs, also referred to as "IFN-signature"), a type I IFN response. Further, LN patients during renal flares also exhibit an "IFN-signature" in renal biopsies. Therefore, an improved understanding of the regulation of type I IFNs expression is needed. Basal levels of the IFN-β through "priming" of IFN-α producing cells augment the expression of the IFN-α genes. Of interest, recent studies have indicated a role for the type I IFN-inducible Absent in Melanoma 2 proteins (the murine Aim2 and human AIM2) in the negative regulation of the type I IFN response through inflammasome-dependent and independent mechanisms. Further, an increase in the expression of Aim2 and AIM2 proteins in kidney and renal macrophages associated with the development of nephritis. Therefore, we discuss the role of Aim2/AIM2 proteins in the regulation of type I IFNs and LN. An improved understanding of the mechanisms by which the Absent in Melanoma 2 proteins suppress the type I IFN response and modulate nephritis is key to identify novel therapeutic targets to treat a group of LN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divaker Choubey
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, 160 Panzeca Way, P.O. Box-670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States; Research Service, ML-151, Cincinnati VA Medical Center, 3200 Vine Street, Cincinnati, OH 45220, United States.
| | - Ravichandran Panchanathan
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, 160 Panzeca Way, P.O. Box-670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States; Research Service, ML-151, Cincinnati VA Medical Center, 3200 Vine Street, Cincinnati, OH 45220, United States
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Stadion M, Schwerbel K, Graja A, Baumeier C, Rödiger M, Jonas W, Wolfrum C, Staiger H, Fritsche A, Häring HU, Klöting N, Blüher M, Fischer-Posovszky P, Schulz TJ, Joost HG, Vogel H, Schürmann A. Increased Ifi202b/IFI16 expression stimulates adipogenesis in mice and humans. Diabetologia 2018; 61:1167-1179. [PMID: 29478099 PMCID: PMC6448999 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4571-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Obesity results from a constant and complex interplay between environmental stimuli and predisposing genes. Recently, we identified the IFN-activated gene Ifi202b as the most likely gene responsible for the obesity quantitative trait locus Nob3 (New Zealand Obese [NZO] obesity 3). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Ifi202b on body weight and adipose tissue biology, and to clarify the functional role of its human orthologue IFI16. METHODS The impact of Ifi202b and its human orthologue IFI16 on adipogenesis was investigated by modulating their respective expression in murine 3T3-L1 and human Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) pre-adipocytes. Furthermore, transgenic mice overexpressing IFI202b were generated and characterised with respect to metabolic traits. In humans, expression levels of IFI16 in adipose tissue were correlated with several variables of adipocyte function. RESULTS In mice, IFI202b overexpression caused obesity (Δ body weight at the age of 30 weeks: 10.2 ± 1.9 g vs wild-type mice) marked by hypertrophic fat mass expansion, increased expression of Zfp423 (encoding the transcription factor zinc finger protein [ZFP] 423) and white-selective genes (Tcf21, Tle3), and decreased expression of thermogenic genes (e.g. Cidea, Ucp1). Compared with their wild-type littermates, Ifi202b transgenic mice displayed lower body temperature, hepatosteatosis and systemic insulin resistance. Suppression of IFI202b/IFI16 in pre-adipocytes impaired adipocyte differentiation and triacylglycerol storage. Humans with high levels of IFI16 exhibited larger adipocytes, an enhanced inflammatory state and impaired insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in white adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our findings reveal novel functions of Ifi202b and IFI16, demonstrating their role as obesity genes. These genes promote white adipogenesis and fat storage, thereby facilitating the development of obesity-associated insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Stadion
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kristin Schwerbel
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Antonia Graja
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Christian Baumeier
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maria Rödiger
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wenke Jonas
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Harald Staiger
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nora Klöting
- IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Pamela Fischer-Posovszky
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tim J Schulz
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Joost
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Heike Vogel
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558, Nuthetal, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.
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Jian J, Wei W, Yin G, Hettinghouse A, Liu C, Shi Y. RNA-Seq analysis of interferon inducible p204-mediated network in anti-tumor immunity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6495. [PMID: 29691417 PMCID: PMC5915582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24561-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
p204, a murine member of the interferon-inducible p200 protein family, and its human analogue, IFI16, have been shown to function as tumor suppressors in vitro, but the molecular events involved, in particular in vivo, remain unclear. Herein we induced the Lewis Lung carcinoma (LLC) murine model of human lung cancer in p204 null mice (KO) and their control littermates (WT). We compared the transcriptome in spleen from WT and p204 KO mice using a high-throughput RNA-sequencing array. A total 30.02 Gb of clean data were obtained, and overall Q30% was greater than 90.54%. More than 75% of clean data from 12 transcriptome samples were mapped to exons. The results showed that only 11 genes exhibited altered expression in untreated p204 KO mice relative to untreated WT mice, while 393 altered genes were identified in tumor-bearing p204 KO mice when compared with tumor-bearing WT mice. Further differentially expressed gene cluster and gene ontology consortium classification revealed that numerous cytokines and their receptors, chemoattractant molecules, and adhesion molecules were significantly induced in p204 KO mice. This study provides novel insights to the p204 network in anti-tumor immune response and also presents a foundation for future work concerning p204-mediated gene expressions and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Jian
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Wei Wei
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Guowei Yin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Aubryanna Hettinghouse
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Chuanju Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10003, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Yongxiang Shi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
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Yi YS. Role of inflammasomes in inflammatory autoimmune rheumatic diseases. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 22:1-15. [PMID: 29302207 PMCID: PMC5746506 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2018.22.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are intracellular multiprotein complexes that coordinate anti-pathogenic host defense during inflammatory responses in myeloid cells, especially macrophages. Inflammasome activation leads to activation of caspase-1, resulting in the induction of pyroptosis and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. Although the inflammatory response is an innate host defense mechanism, chronic inflammation is the main cause of rheumatic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Since rheumatic diseases are inflammatory/autoimmune disorders, it is reasonable to hypothesize that inflammasomes activated during the inflammatory response play a pivotal role in development and progression of these diseases. Indeed, previous studies have provided important observations that inflammasomes are actively involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory/autoimmune rheumatic diseases. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on several types of inflammasomes during macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses and discuss recent research regarding the role of inflammasomes in the pathogenesis of inflammatory/autoimmune rheumatic diseases. This avenue of research could provide new insights for the development of promising therapeutics to treat inflammatory/autoimmune rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Su Yi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28503, Korea
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Abstract
Inflammasomes are multimeric protein complexes that typically comprise a sensor, an adaptor and the zymogen procaspase-1. An inflammasome assembles in response to a diverse range of pathogen-associated or danger-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs or DAMPs). The inflammasome platform leads to activation of caspase-1 through proximity-induced self-cleavage, which further induces maturation of interleukins 1β and 18 (IL-1β and IL-18) through proteolytic cleavage of pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18. Activated caspase-1 also cleaves gasdermin D, which leads to a particular form of cell death called pyroptosis. Mutations in genes that encode inflammasome components are associated with many inflammatory disorders, and studies in the past decade have highlighted the importance of appropriate activation of the inflammasome in homeostasis and disease pathogenesis. Therefore, much attention is being paid to uncover the modulators and regulators of inflammasome assembly and pyroptosis. This Cell Science at a Glance article and accompanying poster outlines the concepts in the activation of inflammasome sensors and assembly of the inflammasome platform. We also discuss recent insights into the mechanisms of regulation of inflammasome activity and the induction of cell death by pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Malik
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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Indramohan M, Stehlik C, Dorfleutner A. COPs and POPs Patrol Inflammasome Activation. J Mol Biol 2017; 430:153-173. [PMID: 29024695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sensing and responding to pathogens and tissue damage is a core mechanism of innate immune host defense, and inflammasomes represent a central cytosolic pattern recognition receptor pathway leading to the generation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 and pyroptotic cell death that causes the subsequent release of danger signals to propagate and perpetuate inflammatory responses. While inflammasome activation is essential for host defense, deregulated inflammasome responses and excessive release of inflammatory cytokines and danger signals are linked to an increasing spectrum of inflammatory diseases. In this review, we will discuss recent developments in elucidating the role of PYRIN domain-only proteins (POPs) and the related CARD-only proteins (COPs) in regulating inflammasome responses and their impact on inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohanalaxmi Indramohan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Christian Stehlik
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center and Skin Disease Research Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Andrea Dorfleutner
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Yin L, Chai D, Yue Y, Dong C, Xiong S. AIM2 Co-immunization with VP1 Is Associated with Increased Memory CD8 T Cells and Mounts Long Lasting Protection against Coxsackievirus B3 Challenge. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017. [PMID: 28642849 PMCID: PMC5462951 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The recurrent Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection is the most important cause of intractable myocarditis which often leads to chronic myocarditis and even dilated cardiomyopathy. Therefore, enhanced DNA vaccines capable of memory CD8 T cells are essential for long-lasting immunological protection against CVB3 infection. In this study, absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) was used as an adjuvant to enhance the induction of memory CD8 T cells elicited by VP1 (viral capsid protein 1) vaccine. Mice were intramuscularly injected with 50 μg AIM2 plasmid and equal amount of VP1 plasmid (pAIM2/pVP1) vaccine 4 times at 2 week-intervals. We observed that the protection of pAIM2/pVP1 vaccine against CVB3 challenge was evidenced by significantly improved cardiac function, reduced myocardial injuries, and increased survival rate when compared with immunization with pVP1. Co-immunization with pAIM2/pVP1 robustly augmented T lymphocytes proliferation and CVB3-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. Importantly, 16 weeks after the last immunization, pAIM2/pVP1 co-immunization significantly enhanced the expression of Bcl-6, SOCS3, and Sca-1 which are critical for memory CD8 T cells as compared with pVP1 immunization. Notably, CD8 T cells that are likely vaccine-induced memory T cells were responsible for the protective efficacy of pAIM2/pVP1 vaccine by abolition of a CD8 T cell immune response following a lethal dose of CVB3 infection. Our results indicate that AIM2-adjuvanted vaccine could be a potential and promising approach to promote a long-lasting protection against CVB3-induced myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow UniversitySuzhou, China
| | - Dafei Chai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow UniversitySuzhou, China
| | - Yan Yue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow UniversitySuzhou, China
| | - Chunsheng Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow UniversitySuzhou, China
| | - Sidong Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow UniversitySuzhou, China
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Chen J, Wang Z, Yu S. AIM2 regulates viability and apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells via the PI3K/Akt pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:811-817. [PMID: 28243117 PMCID: PMC5315344 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s125039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) plays an important role in innate immunity as a DNA sensor in the cytoplasm by triggering the assembly of an AIM2 inflammasome that results in caspase-1-mediated inflammatory responses and cell death. In recent years, studies have indicated that AIM2 can suppress cancer cell proliferation, and mutations in the gene encoding AIM2 are frequently identified in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the mechanism by which AIM2 restricts tumor growth remains unclear. We reconstructed AIM2 expression in HCT116 CRC cells by lentivirus transfection. Using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry, we demonstrated that expression of AIM2 inhibited the viability and increased the apoptosis rate of CRC cells, and cell cycle analysis suggested that AIM2 blocked cell cycle transition from G1 to S phase. Western blot analysis showed that AIM2 promoted apoptosis in CRC cells by suppressing the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway. Our data suggest that AIM2 plays a critical role as a tumor suppressor and might serve as a potential therapeutic target in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenjun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sanshui Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Choubey D, Panchanathan R. Absent in Melanoma 2 proteins in SLE. Clin Immunol 2017; 176:42-48. [PMID: 28062222 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN-α/β)-inducible PYRIN and HIN domain-containing protein family includes Absent in Melanoma 2 (murine Aim2 and human AIM2), murine p202, and human PYRIN-only protein 3 (POP3). The generation of Aim2-deficient mice indicated that the Aim2 protein is essential for inflammasome activation, resulting in the secretion of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 and cell death by pyroptosis. Further, Aim2-deficiency also increased constitutive expression of the IFN-β and expression of the p202 protein. Notably, an increased expression of p202 protein in female mice associated with the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SLE in patients is characterized by a constitutive increase in serum levels of IFN-α and an increase in the expression IFN-stimulated genes. Recent studies indicate that p202 and POP3 proteins inhibit activation of the Aim2/AIM2 inflammasome and promote IFN-β expression. Therefore, we discuss the role of Aim2/AIM2 proteins in the suppression of type I IFNs production and lupus susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divaker Choubey
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, 160 Panzeca Way, P. O. Box-670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States; Research Service, ML-151, Cincinnati VA Medical Center, 3200 Vine Street, Cincinnati, OH 45220, United States.
| | - Ravichandran Panchanathan
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, 160 Panzeca Way, P. O. Box-670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States; Research Service, ML-151, Cincinnati VA Medical Center, 3200 Vine Street, Cincinnati, OH 45220, United States
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38
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Choubey D. Absent in melanoma 2 proteins in the development of cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:4383-4395. [PMID: 27328971 PMCID: PMC11108365 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2296-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies utilizing chemical-induced colitis-associated and sporadic colon cancer in mouse models indicated a protective role for absent in melanoma 2 (Aim2) in colon epithelial cells. Accordingly, mutations in the human AIM2 gene have been found in colorectal cancer (CRC), and reduced expression of AIM2 in CRC is associated with its progression. Furthermore, the overexpression of AIM2 protein in human cancer cell lines inhibits cell proliferation. Interferon-inducible Aim2 and AIM2 are members of the PYHIN (PYRIN and HIN domain-containing) protein family and share ~57 % amino acid identity. The family also includes murine p202, human PYRIN-only protein 3, and IFI16, which negatively regulate Aim2/AIM2 functions. Because the CRC incidence and mortality rates are higher among men compared with women and the expression of Aim2/AIM2 proteins and their regulators is dependent upon age, gender, and sex hormones, we discuss the potential roles of Aim2/AIM2 in the development of cancer. An improved understanding of the biological functions of the AIM2 in the development of CRC will likely identify new therapeutic approaches to treat patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divaker Choubey
- Research Service, Cincinnati VA Medical Center, 3200 Vine Street, ML-151, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA.
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, 160 Panzeca Way, P. O. Box-670056, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
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39
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Choubey D, Panchanathan R. IFI16, an amplifier of DNA-damage response: Role in cellular senescence and aging-associated inflammatory diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 28:27-36. [PMID: 27063514 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
DNA-damage induces a DNA-damage response (DDR) in mammalian cells. The response, depending upon the cell-type and the extent of DNA-damage, ultimately results in cell death or cellular senescence. DDR-induced signaling in cells activates the ATM-p53 and ATM-IKKα/β-interferon (IFN)-β signaling pathways, thus leading to an induction of the p53 and IFN-inducible IFI16 gene. Further, upon DNA-damage, DNA accumulates in the cytoplasm, thereby inducing the IFI16 protein and STING-dependent IFN-β production and activation of the IFI16 inflammasome, resulting in the production of proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1β and IL-18). Increased expression of IFI16 protein in a variety of cell-types promotes cellular senescence. However, reduced expression of IFI16 in cells promotes cell proliferation. Because expression of the IFI16 gene is induced by activation of DNA-damage response in cells and increased levels of IFI16 protein in cells potentiate the p53-mediated transcriptional activation of genes and p53 and pRb-mediated cell cycle arrest, we discuss how an improved understanding of the role of IFI16 protein in cellular senescence and associated inflammatory secretory phenotype is likely to identify the molecular mechanisms that contribute to the development of aging-associated human inflammatory diseases and a failure to cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divaker Choubey
- Cincinnati VA Medical Center, 3200 Vine Street, Cincinnati, OH 45220, United States; Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, 160 Panzeca Way, P.O. Box-670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States.
| | - Ravichandran Panchanathan
- Cincinnati VA Medical Center, 3200 Vine Street, Cincinnati, OH 45220, United States; Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, 160 Panzeca Way, P.O. Box-670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
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40
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Molecular characterization of woodchuck IFI16 and AIM2 and their expression in woodchucks infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV). Sci Rep 2016; 6:28776. [PMID: 27354260 PMCID: PMC4926060 DOI: 10.1038/srep28776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
IFI16 and AIM2 are important DNA sensors in antiviral immunity. To characterize these two molecules in a woodchuck model, which is widely used to study hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, we cloned and analyzed the complete coding sequences (CDSs) of woodchuck IFI16 and AIM2, and found that AIM2 was highly conserved in mammals, whereas the degree of sequence identity between woodchuck IFI16 and its mammalian orthologues was low. IFI16 and IFN-β were upregulated following VACV ds 70 mer transfection, while AIM2 and IL-1β were upregulated following poly (dA:dT) transfection, both in vitro and in vivo; IFI16-targeted siRNA decreased the transcription of IFI16 and IFN-β stimulated by VACV ds 70 mer, and AIM2 siRNA interference downregulated AIM2 and IL-1β transcripts stimulated by poly (dA:dT), in vitro, suggesting that woodchuck IFI16 and AIM2 may play pivotal roles in the DNA-mediated induction of IFN-β and IL-1β, respectively. IFI16 and AIM2 transcripts were upregulated in the liver and spleen following acute WHV infection, while IFI16 was downregulated in the liver following chronic infection, implying that IFI16 and AIM2 may be involved in WHV infection. These data provide the basis for the study of IFI16- and AIM2-mediated innate immunity using the woodchuck model.
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41
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Furrer A, Hottiger MO, Valaperti A. Absent in Melanoma 2 (AIM2) limits pro-inflammatory cytokine transcription in cardiomyocytes by inhibiting STAT1 phosphorylation. Mol Immunol 2016; 74:47-58. [PMID: 27148820 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-γ is highly upregulated during heart inflammation and enhances the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Absent in Melanoma 2 (AIM2) is an IFN-inducible protein implicated as a component of the inflammasome. Here we seek to determine the role of AIM2 during inflammation in cardiac cells. We found that the presence of AIM2, but not of the other inflammasome components Nod-like receptor (NLR) NLRP3 or NLRC4, specifically limited the transcription of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IP-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in HL-1 mouse cardiomyocytes stimulated with IFN-γ and lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Similarly, AIM2 reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine transcription in primary mouse neonatal cardiomyocytes (MNC), but not in primary mouse neonatal cardiac fibroblasts (MNF). Interestingly, AIM2-dependent reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines in cardiomyocytes was independent of Caspase-1. Mechanistically, AIM2 reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine transcription in cardiomyocytes by interacting with and inhibiting the phosphorylation of STAT1. In AIM2-depleted cardiomyocytes, increased STAT1 phosphorylation enhanced the NF-κB pathway by promoting NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and acetylation. These results show for the first time that AIM2 plays an important anti-inflammatory, yet inflammasome-independent function in cardiomyocytes. Our findings will help to further understand how the various heart cell types differently react to inflammatory stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Furrer
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael O Hottiger
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alan Valaperti
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Khan NS, Kasperkovitz PV, Timmons AK, Mansour MK, Tam JM, Seward MW, Reedy JL, Puranam S, Feliu M, Vyas JM. Dectin-1 Controls TLR9 Trafficking to Phagosomes Containing β-1,3 Glucan. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:2249-61. [PMID: 26829985 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Dectin-1 and TLR9 play distinct roles in the recognition and induction of innate immune responses to Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans. Dectin-1 is a receptor for the major fungal cell wall carbohydrate β-1,3 glucan that induces inflammatory cytokines and controls phagosomal maturation through spleen tyrosine kinase activation. TLR9 is an endosomal TLR that also modulates the inflammatory cytokine response to fungal pathogens. In this study, we demonstrate that β-1,3 glucan beads are sufficient to induce dynamic redistribution and accumulation of cleaved TLR9 to phagosomes. Trafficking of TLR9 to A. fumigatus and C. albicans phagosomes requires Dectin-1 recognition. Inhibition of phagosomal acidification blocks TLR9 accumulation on phagosomes containing β-1,3 glucan beads. Dectin-1-mediated spleen tyrosine kinase activation is required for TLR9 trafficking to β-1,3 glucan-, A. fumigatus-, and C. albicans-containing phagosomes. In addition, Dectin-1 regulates TLR9-dependent gene expression. Collectively, our study demonstrates that recognition of β-1,3 glucan by Dectin-1 triggers TLR9 trafficking to β-1,3 glucan-containing phagosomes, which may be critical in coordinating innate antifungal defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida S Khan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114; Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854
| | | | - Allison K Timmons
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Michael K Mansour
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Jenny M Tam
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Michael W Seward
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Jennifer L Reedy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Sravanthi Puranam
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Marianela Feliu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114; Nutrition and Metabolism, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118; and
| | - Jatin M Vyas
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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43
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Stratmann SA, Morrone SR, van Oijen AM, Sohn J. The innate immune sensor IFI16 recognizes foreign DNA in the nucleus by scanning along the duplex. eLife 2015; 4:e11721. [PMID: 26673078 PMCID: PMC4829420 DOI: 10.7554/elife.11721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to recognize foreign double-stranded (ds)DNA of pathogenic origin in the intracellular environment is an essential defense mechanism of the human innate immune system. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying distinction between foreign DNA and host genomic material inside the nucleus are not understood. By combining biochemical assays and single-molecule techniques, we show that the nuclear innate immune sensor IFI16 one-dimensionally tracks long stretches of exposed foreign dsDNA to assemble into supramolecular signaling platforms. We also demonstrate that nucleosomes represent barriers that prevent IFI16 from targeting host DNA by directly interfering with these one-dimensional movements. This unique scanning-assisted assembly mechanism allows IFI16 to distinguish friend from foe and assemble into oligomers efficiently and selectively on foreign DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seamus R Morrone
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Antoine M van Oijen
- University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Jungsan Sohn
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
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Nagyőszi P, Nyúl-Tóth Á, Fazakas C, Wilhelm I, Kozma M, Molnár J, Haskó J, Krizbai IA. Regulation of NOD-like receptors and inflammasome activation in cerebral endothelial cells. J Neurochem 2015; 135:551-64. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Péter Nagyőszi
- Institute of Biophysics; Biological Research Centre; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Szeged Hungary
| | - Ádám Nyúl-Tóth
- Institute of Biophysics; Biological Research Centre; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Szeged Hungary
| | - Csilla Fazakas
- Institute of Biophysics; Biological Research Centre; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Szeged Hungary
| | - Imola Wilhelm
- Institute of Biophysics; Biological Research Centre; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Szeged Hungary
| | - Mihály Kozma
- Institute of Biophysics; Biological Research Centre; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Szeged Hungary
| | - Judit Molnár
- Institute of Biophysics; Biological Research Centre; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Szeged Hungary
| | - János Haskó
- Institute of Biophysics; Biological Research Centre; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Szeged Hungary
| | - István A. Krizbai
- Institute of Biophysics; Biological Research Centre; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Szeged Hungary
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45
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Tomankova T, Petrek M, Gallo J, Kriegova E. MicroRNAs: Emerging Regulators of Immune-Mediated Diseases. Scand J Immunol 2015; 75:129-41. [PMID: 21988491 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2011.02650.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent the most abundant class of regulators of gene expression in humans: they regulate one-third of human protein-coding genes. These small noncoding ∼22-nucleotides (nt)-long RNAs originate by multistep process from miRNA genes localized in the genomic DNA. To date, more than 1420 miRNAs have been identified in humans (miRBase v17). The main mechanism of miRNA action is the posttranscriptional regulation via RNA interference with their target mRNAs. The majority of target mRNAs (more than 80%) undergo degradation after recognition by complementary miRNA; the translational inhibition with little or no influence on mRNA levels has been also reported. Each miRNA may suppress multiple mRNA targets (average ∼200), and at the same time, one mRNA can be targeted by many miRNAs enabling to control a spectrum wide range of cellular processes. Recently, the role of miRNAs in the development of immune cells and the maintenance of immune system homeostasis gained attention, and the involvement of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of several immune system diseases has emerged. This review focuses on the role of miRNAs in autoimmune disorders (systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease and psoriasis), inflammatory pathologies of distinct organ (atherosclerosis, osteoarthritis and atopic eczema) and/or systemic locations such as allergy. The role of miRNAs, their predicted and known mRNA targets and description of their actions in physiological immune reactions and in the pathological processes ongoing in immune-mediated human disorders will be discussed. Finally, miRNA-based diagnostics and therapeutic potentials will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tomankova
- Laboratory of Immunogenomics and Immunoproteomics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech RepublicDepartment of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M Petrek
- Laboratory of Immunogenomics and Immunoproteomics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech RepublicDepartment of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - J Gallo
- Laboratory of Immunogenomics and Immunoproteomics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech RepublicDepartment of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - E Kriegova
- Laboratory of Immunogenomics and Immunoproteomics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech RepublicDepartment of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Lefterov I, Schug J, Mounier A, Nam KN, Fitz NF, Koldamova R. RNA-sequencing reveals transcriptional up-regulation of Trem2 in response to bexarotene treatment. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 82:132-140. [PMID: 26071899 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that short term bexarotene treatment of APP/PS1 mice significantly improves their cognitive performance. While there were no changes in plaque load, or insoluble Aβ levels in brain, biochemical analysis strongly suggested improved clearance of soluble Aβ, including Aβ oligomers. To get further insight into molecular mechanisms underlying this therapeutic effect, we explored genome-wide differential gene expression in brain of bexarotene and control treated APP/PS1 mice. We performed high throughput massively parallel sequencing on mRNA libraries generated from cortices of bexarotene or vehicle treated APP/PS1 mice and compared the expression profiles for differential gene expression. Gene Ontology (GO) Biological Process categories with the highest fold enrichment and lowest False Discovery Rate (FDR) are clustered in GO terms immune response, inflammatory response, oxidation-reduction and immunoglobulin mediated immune response. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) followed by ChIP-QPCR, and RT-QPCR expression assays were used to validate select genes, including Trem2, Tyrobp, Apoe and Ttr, differentially expressed in response to Retinoid X Receptor (RXR) activation. We found that bexarotene significantly increased the phagocytosis of soluble and insoluble Aβ in BV2 cells. The results of our study demonstrate that in AD model mice expressing human APP, gene networks up-regulated in response to RXR activation by the specific, small molecule, ligand bexarotene may influence diverse regulatory pathways that are considered critical for cognitive performance, inflammatory response and Aβ clearance, and may provide an explanation of the bexarotene therapeutic effect at the molecular level. This study also confirms that unbiased massive parallel sequencing approaches are useful and highly informative for revealing brain molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying responses to activated nuclear hormone receptors in AD animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliya Lefterov
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
| | - Jonathan Schug
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Functional Genomics Core, Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anais Mounier
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Kyong Nyon Nam
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Nicholas F Fitz
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Radosveta Koldamova
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
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Lupfer C, Malik A, Kanneganti TD. Inflammasome control of viral infection. Curr Opin Virol 2015; 12:38-46. [PMID: 25771504 PMCID: PMC4470791 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The inflammasome is a caspase-1 containing complex that activates the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 and results in the proinflammatory cell death known as pyroptosis. Numerous recent publications have highlighted the importance of inflammasome activation in the control of virus infection. Inflammasome activation during viral infection is dependent on a variety of upstream receptors including the NOD-like receptor, RIG-I-like receptor and AIM2-like receptor families. Various receptors also function in inflammasome activation in different cellular compartments, including the cytoplasm and the nucleus. The effectiveness of inflammasomes at suppressing virus replication is highlighted by the prevalence and diversity of virus encoded inflammasome inhibitors. Also, the host has a myriad of regulatory mechanisms in place to prevent unwanted inflammasome activation and overt inflammation. Finally, recent reports begin to suggest that inflammasome activation and inflammasome modulation may have important clinical applications. Herein, we highlight recent advances and discuss potential future directions toward understanding the role of inflammasomes during virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Lupfer
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, United States
| | - Ankit Malik
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, United States
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Sun X, Zheng M, Zhang M, Qian M, Zheng Y, Li M, Cretoiu D, Chen C, Chen L, Popescu LM, Wang X. Differences in the expression of chromosome 1 genes between lung telocytes and other cells: mesenchymal stem cells, fibroblasts, alveolar type II cells, airway epithelial cells and lymphocytes. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 18:801-10. [PMID: 24826900 PMCID: PMC4119386 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs) are a unique type of interstitial cells with specific, extremely long prolongations named telopodes (Tps). Our previous study showed that TCs are distinct from fibroblasts (Fbs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as concerns gene expression and proteomics. The present study explores patterns of mouse TC-specific gene profiles on chromosome 1. We investigated the network of main genes and the potential functional correlations. We compared gene expression profiles of mouse pulmonary TCs, MSCs, Fbs, alveolar type II cells (ATII), airway basal cells (ABCs), proximal airway cells (PACs), CD8+ T cells from bronchial lymph nodes (T-BL) and CD8+ T cells from lungs (T-LL). The functional and feature networks were identified and compared by bioinformatics tools. Our data showed that on TC chromosome 1, there are about 25% up-regulated and 70% down-regulated genes (more than onefold) as compared with the other cells respectively. Capn2, Fhl2 and Qsox1 were over-expressed in TCs compared to the other cells, indicating that biological functions of TCs are mainly associated with morphogenesis and local tissue homoeostasis. TCs seem to have important roles in the prevention of tissue inflammation and fibrogenesis development in lung inflammatory diseases and as modulators of immune cell response. In conclusion, TCs are distinct from the other cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoru Sun
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fudan University, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, China; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Connolly DJ, Bowie AG. The emerging role of human PYHIN proteins in innate immunity: implications for health and disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 92:405-14. [PMID: 25199457 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune response depends on the ability of immune cells to detect pathogens through germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Recently discovered PRRs include some members of the Pyrin and HIN domain (PYHIN) family, which are encoded on an interferon-inducible gene cluster located on chromosome 1q23. There are five human PYHIN proteins; Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), IFN-γ inducible protein 16 (IFI16), Myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen (MNDA), Pyrin and HIN domain family member 1 (PYHIN1) and the recently identified Pyrin domain only protein 3 (POP3). Early studies reported roles for these proteins in cell cycle control, tumour suppression and transcriptional regulation. AIM2 and IFI16 have now been shown to be immune sensors of non-self DNA, such as that produced by viruses in infected cells. AIM2 binds DNA to activate the inflammasome, while IFI16 detection of DNA can lead to the up-regulation of type I interferons or inflammasome activation. Recent studies have shown how IFI16 senses DNA viruses, and also how viruses evade detection by IFI16, while structural studies have greatly advanced our understanding of how AIM2 and IFI16 bind DNA to activate these immune responses. Furthermore, following the identification of POP3, interplay between members of this gene cluster has been established, with POP3 acting as a negative regulator of the AIM2 and IFI16 inflammasomes. In this review we discuss the current understanding of how PYHIN proteins function in innate immunity, their role in disease and the therapeutic possibilities that arise as a result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dympna J Connolly
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Andrew G Bowie
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Metcalf RA, Monabati A, Vyas M, Roncador G, Gualco G, Bacchi CE, Younes SF, Natkunam Y, Freud AG. Myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen is expressed in a subset of marginal zone lymphomas and is useful in the differential diagnosis with follicular lymphoma. Hum Pathol 2014; 45:1730-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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