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Lee HY, Cho DY, Jeong JB, Lee JH, Lee GY, Jang MY, Lee JH, Cho KM. Chemical Compositions before and after Lactic Acid Fermentation of Isoflavone-Enriched Soybean Leaves and Their Anti-Obesity and Gut Microbiota Distribution Effects. Nutrients 2024; 16:1693. [PMID: 38892626 PMCID: PMC11174423 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we prepared fermented products of isoflavone-enriched soybean leaves (IESLs) and analyzed their nutrients, isoflavones, anti-obesity efficacy, and effects on gut microbiota. Fermented IESLs (FIESLs) were found to be rich in nutrients, especially lauric acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid. In addition, the concentrations of most essential free amino acids were increased compared to those of IESLs. The contents of bioactive compounds, such as total phenolic, total flavonoid, daidzein, and genistein, significantly increased as well. In addition, FIESLs administration in a high-fat diet (HFD) animal model improved the final body weight, epididymal fat, total lipid, triglyceride, total cholesterol, blood glucose, and leptin levels, as well as reverting microbiota dysbiosis. In conclusion, these findings indicate that FIESLs have the potential to inhibit obesity caused by HFDs and serve as a modulator of gut microbiota, offering the prevention of diet-induced gut dysbiosis and metabolite diseases associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Yul Lee
- Department of Green Bio Science and Agri-Food Bio Convergence Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Du-Yong Cho
- Department of Green Bio Science and Agri-Food Bio Convergence Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Bin Jeong
- Department of Green Bio Science and Agri-Food Bio Convergence Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ho Lee
- Department of Green Bio Science and Agri-Food Bio Convergence Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga-Young Lee
- Department of Green Bio Science and Agri-Food Bio Convergence Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Mu-Yeun Jang
- Department of Green Bio Science and Agri-Food Bio Convergence Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hwan Lee
- Department of Life Resource Industry, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-Daero 550 Beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Kye-Man Cho
- Department of Green Bio Science and Agri-Food Bio Convergence Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
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Lee JH, Cho DY, Jang KJ, Jeong JB, Lee GY, Jang MY, Son KH, Lee JH, Lee HY, Cho KM. Changes in Nutrient Components and Digestive Enzymatic Inhibition Activities in Soy Leaves by Ethephon Treatment. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3640. [PMID: 37896103 PMCID: PMC10609866 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the high isoflavone-enriched soy leaves (IESLs) were manufactured by treating with the chemical inducer ethephon, a plant growth regulator, to confirm changes in the properties of soy leaves (SLs), which are underutilized. Ethephon treatment concentrations consisted of 0 (SL1), 150 (SL2), and 300 (SL3) μg/mL. The composition analysis and physiological activity were conducted according to the ethephon treatment concentration of SLs. There was no significant difference in the proximate composition and fatty acids, except for an increase with increasing ethephon treatment concentrations. Depending on the ethephon treatment concentration, free amino acids increased to 1413.0, 1569.8, and 2100.4 mg/100 g, and water-soluble vitamins increased to 246.7, 244.7, and 501.6 mg/100 g. In particular, the functional substance isoflavone increased significantly to 1430.11, 7806.42, and 14,968.00 μg/g. Through this study, it was confirmed that the nutritional components and isoflavones of SLs increased according to the ethephon treatment concentration, a chemical inducer treatment agent. This can be used as a high-value-added biosubstance for raw materials for functional foods, cosmetics, and for natural drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Ho Lee
- Department of Green Bio Science and Agri-Food Bio Convergence Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea (K.H.S.)
| | - Du Yong Cho
- Department of Green Bio Science and Agri-Food Bio Convergence Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea (K.H.S.)
| | - Kyeong Jin Jang
- Department of Green Bio Science and Agri-Food Bio Convergence Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea (K.H.S.)
| | - Jong Bin Jeong
- Department of Green Bio Science and Agri-Food Bio Convergence Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea (K.H.S.)
| | - Ga Young Lee
- Department of Green Bio Science and Agri-Food Bio Convergence Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea (K.H.S.)
| | - Mu Yeun Jang
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongsang National University, Naedongro 139-8, Jinju 52849, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Ho Son
- Department of Green Bio Science and Agri-Food Bio Convergence Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea (K.H.S.)
- Division of Horticultural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hwan Lee
- Department of Life Resource Industry, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hee Yul Lee
- Department of Green Bio Science and Agri-Food Bio Convergence Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea (K.H.S.)
| | - Kye Man Cho
- Department of Green Bio Science and Agri-Food Bio Convergence Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea (K.H.S.)
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongsang National University, Naedongro 139-8, Jinju 52849, Republic of Korea
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Tanaka Y, Inaba C, Sawa T, Endo K, Saiki T, Haga H, Tanaka S. Brassica rapa L. prevents Western diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6 mice through its binding capacity of cholesterol and fat. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2023; 87:1205-1211. [PMID: 37355784 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, a chronic disorder caused by excessive energy intake leading to fat accumulation in adipose tissue, increases the risk of severe diseases. Brassica rapa L. is known as a traditional vegetable in the Nagano area of Japan. C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to three groups, with different diets as follows: a normal diet, a Western diet (WD), and a WD plus B. rapa L. powder (BP) in a 56-day experiment. Brassica rapa L. supplementation reduced the body weight gain and lipid accumulation of mice significantly. The BP group also had higher fecal bile acid, total cholesterol, and triglyceride excretion levels compared with those in the other groups. The antiobesity effects of B. rapa L. were due to its binding with cholesterol and fat, and possibly enhancing the bile acid excretion and modulating gut microbiota, suggesting that B. rapa L. could be a functional vegetable with potential uses in targeting obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Tanaka
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano, Japan
| | - Chihiro Inaba
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano, Japan
| | - Toko Sawa
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano, Japan
| | - Katsunori Endo
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Science and Technology Agriculture, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takeru Saiki
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano, Japan
| | - Hazuki Haga
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano, Japan
| | - Sachi Tanaka
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano, Japan
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Science and Technology Agriculture, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano, Japan
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Yang F, Huang J, He H, Ju X, Ji Y, Deng F, Wang Z, He R. Study on the hypolipidemic activity of rapeseed protein-derived peptides. Food Chem 2023; 423:136315. [PMID: 37167672 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Hyperlipidaemia, a common chronic disease, is the cause of cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction and atherosclerosis. Generally, drugs for lowering blood lipids have disadvantages such as short or poor efficacy, high toxicity, and side effects. Rapeseed active peptides are excellent substitutes for lipid-lowering drugs because of their high biological safety, strong penetration, and easy absorption by the human body. This study separated and purified the rapeseed peptides using gel chromatography and mass spectrometry. Rapeseed peptides amino acid sequences were determined to obtain Glu-Phe-Leu-Glu-Leu-Leu (EFLELL) peptides with good hypolipidaemic activity and IC50 values of 0.1973 ± 0.05 mM (sodium taurocholate), 0.375 ± 0.03 mM (sodium cholate), and 0.203 ± 0.06 mM (sodium glycine cholate). The EFLELL hypolipidaemic activity was evaluated, and its mechanism of action was investigated using cell lines. Rapeseed peptide treatment significantly decreased the total cholesterol (T-CHO), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, and the protein and gene expression levels of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLR) suggested the mechanism. Molecular docking revealed that the binding energy between rapeseed peptide and LDLR-PCSK9 molecules was -6.3 kcal/mol and -8.1 kcal/mol. In conclusion, the rapeseed peptide EFLELL exerts a favourable hypolipidaemic effect by modulating the LDLR-PCSK9 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyu Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiaqiang Huang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haiyan He
- College of Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu Vocational Institute of Commerce, Nanjing 12047, China
| | - Xingrong Ju
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ying Ji
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Feng Deng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhigao Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Rong He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Xu X, Wang L, Zhang K, Zhang Y, Fan G. Managing metabolic diseases: The roles and therapeutic prospects of herb-derived polysaccharides. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114538. [PMID: 36931026 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases have become a public health problem worldwide. Effective, novel and natural therapies are urgently needed to treat metabolic diseases. As natural bioactive compounds, polysaccharides have many physiological and medicinal properties. Recently, herb-derived polysaccharides have shown beneficial effects in the treatment of metabolic diseases, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This review comprehensively summarizes the pharmacological progress and clinical evidence of herb-derived polysaccharides in the treatment of three metabolic diseases, namely type 2 diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and obesity, and more importantly, discusses the molecular mechanism involved. Existing evidence has proved that herb-derived polysaccharides can maintain glucose homeostasis, promote insulin secretion, improve insulin resistance, reduce weight gain and hepatic steatosis, inhibit lipogenesis, alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation, and improve gut microbiota disorders in rodents with metabolic diseases. Notably, so far, human clinical trials of herb-derived polysaccharides for these three metabolic diseases remain rare. All in all, herb-derived polysaccharides may have good potential as drug candidates for the prevention and management of metabolic diseases. More high-quality clinical trials are needed to further validate its effectiveness and safety in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Lijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Gang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Protective Effects of Coumestrol on Metabolic Dysfunction and Its Estrogen Receptor-Mediated Action in Ovariectomized Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040954. [PMID: 36839308 PMCID: PMC9966481 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Coumestrol, a phytoestrogen compound found in various plants, has been shown to act as a potent estrogen receptor (ER) agonist, with a higher binding affinity for ERβ than for ERα. However, there is currently limited information regarding its beneficial effects in postmenopausal disorders and its ER-mediated mechanisms. Herein, we investigated the effects of coumestrol (subcutaneous or oral treatment) on metabolic dysfunction in ovariectomized (OVX) mice fed a high-fat diet, in comparison with the effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) replacement. Coumestrol was administered daily at a dose of 5 mg/kg for 10 weeks. Coumestrol treatment through the subcutaneous route stimulated uterine growth in OVX mice at a level lower than that of E2. E2 and coumestrol prevented body fat accumulation, adipocyte hypertrophy, and hepatic steatosis, and enhanced voluntary physical activity. Coumestrol showed estrogen-mimetic effects in the regulation of the protein expressions involved in browning of white fat and insulin signaling, including increased hepatic expression of fibroblast growth factor 21. Importantly, the metabolic effects of coumestrol (oral administration at 10 mg/kg for 7 weeks) were mostly abolished following co-treatment with an ERβ-selective antagonist but not with an ERα-selective antagonist, indicating that the metabolic actions of coumestrol in OVX mice are primarily mediated by ERβ. These findings provide important insights into the beneficial effects of coumestrol as a phytoestrogen supplement for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal symptoms.
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Liu YH, Lu YL, Chang YC, Chyuan JH, Lee TH, Hou WC. Anti-adipogenic activities of pheophorbide a and pyropheophorbide a isolated from wild bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L. var. abbreviata Seringe) in vitro. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:6771-6779. [PMID: 35638177 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The wild bitter gourd (WBG) is a commonly consumed vegetable in Asia that has antioxidant and hypoglycemic properties. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-adipogenic activities of isolated compounds from WBG on 8-day differentiated cultures of 3 T3-L1 adipocytes that were then stained with Oil Red O (ORO) or diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). RESULTS ORO stains of the methanol extracts of de-seeded HM86 cultivar of WBG (WBG-M) and the ethyl acetate fractions (WBG-M-EA) showed anti-adipogenic activities against differentiated adipocytes. Two chlorophyll-degraded compounds, pheophorbide a (1) and pyropheophorbide a (2), were isolated from WBG-M-EA. Treatments with 1 (5, 10, and 20 μmol L-1 ) and 2 (2.5, 5, and 10 μmol L-1 ) showed dose-dependent reductions in lipid accumulations and reduced nuclear DAPI stains in differentiated 3 T3-L1 adipocytes. The concentrations for 50% inhibition against lipid accumulations of 1 and 2, respectively, were 16.05 and 7.04 μmol L-1 . Treatments with 1 and 2 showed enhanced lactate dehydrogenase release in the first 4-day cell mitotic clonal expansions during the differentiating cultural processes, although the effect was less on the non-differentiating cultural processes. Thus, 1 and 2 were more toxic to differentiating adipocytes than to non-differentiated pre-adipocytes, which partly resulted in anti-adipogenic activities with lowered lipid accumulations. CONCLUSION Both 1 and 2 showed anti-adipogenic activities in cell models. These chlorophyll-degraded compounds commonly exist in several vegetables during storage or edible seaweeds, which will provide resources for further investigations aiming to test anti-obesity in animal studies. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuh-Hwa Liu
- Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yeh-Lin Lu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chih Chang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Ho Chyuan
- Hualien District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Huei Lee
- Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Hou
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Different machine learning statistical discrimination exhibits dissimilar key compounds of soybean leaves in targeted polyphenol-metric metabolomics for the traits and cultivation. Food Chem 2022; 404:134454. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Verma P, Joshi BC, Bairy PS. A Comprehensive Review on Anti-obesity Potential of Medicinal Plants and their Bioactive Compounds. CURRENT TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/2215083808666220211162540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Obesity is a complex health and global epidemic issue. It is an increasing global health challenge covering significant social and economic costs. Abnormal accumulation of fat in the body may increase the health risks including diabetes, hypertension, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, cardiovascular diseases, stroke and cancer. Synthetic drugs available on the market reported to have several side effects. Therefore, the management of obesity got to involve the traditional use of medicinal plants which helps to search the new therapeutic targets and supports the research and development of anti-obesity drugs.
Objective:
This review aim to update the data and provide a comprehensive report of currently available knowledge of medicinal plants and phyto-chemical constituents reported for their anti-obesity activity.
Methodology:
An electronic search of the periodical databases like Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Scielo, Niscair, ScienceDirect, Springerlink, Wiley, SciFinder and Google Scholar with information reported the period 1991-2019, was used to retrieve published data.
Results:
A comprehensive report of the present review manuscript is an attempt to list the medicinal plants with anti-obesity activity. The review focused on plant extracts, isolated chemical compounds with their mechanism of action and their preclinical experimental model, clinical studies for further scientific research.
Conclusion:
This review is the compilation of the medicinal plants and their constituents reported for the managements of obesity. The data will fascinate the researcher to initiate further research that may lead to the drug for the management of obesity and their associated secondary complications. Several herbal plants and their respective lead constituents were also screened by preclinical In-vitro and In-vivo, clinical trials and are effective in the treatment of obesity. Therefore, there is a need to develop and screen large number of plant extracts and this approach can surely be a driving force for the discovery of anti-obesity drugs from medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Verma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun-248001, Uttarakhand (India)
| | - Bhuwan Chandra Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus, Nainital-263136, Uttarakhand (India)
| | - Partha Sarathi Bairy
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Clement Town, Dehradun-248001, Uttarakhand (India)
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Rha CS, Jang EK, Hong YD, Park WS. Supervised Statistical Learning Prediction of Soybean Varieties and Cultivation Sites Using Rapid UPLC-MS Separation, Method Validation, and Targeted Metabolomic Analysis of 31 Phenolic Compounds in the Leaves. Metabolites 2021; 11:884. [PMID: 34940642 PMCID: PMC8704512 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max; SB) leaf (SL) is an abundant non-conventional edible resource that possesses value-adding bioactive compounds. We predicted the attributes of SB based on the metabolomes of an SL using targeted metabolomics. The SB was planted in two cities, and SLs were regularly obtained from the SB plant. Nine flavonol glycosides were purified from SLs, and a validated simultaneous quantification method was used to establish rapid separation by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-mass detection. Changes in 31 targeted compounds were monitored, and the compounds were discriminated by various supervised machine learning (ML) models. Isoflavones, quercetin derivatives, and flavonol derivatives were discriminators for cultivation days, varieties, and cultivation sites, respectively, using the combined criteria of supervised ML models. The neural model exhibited higher prediction power of the factors with high fitness and low misclassification rates while other models showed lower. We propose that a set of phytochemicals of SL is a useful predictor for discriminating characteristics of edible plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Su Rha
- AMOREPACIFIC R&D Center, Yongin 17074, Korea; (Y.D.H.); (W.S.P.)
| | - Eun Kyu Jang
- Gyeonggi-do Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Hwaseong 18388, Korea;
| | - Yong Deog Hong
- AMOREPACIFIC R&D Center, Yongin 17074, Korea; (Y.D.H.); (W.S.P.)
| | - Won Seok Park
- AMOREPACIFIC R&D Center, Yongin 17074, Korea; (Y.D.H.); (W.S.P.)
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Ohta T, Uto T, Tanaka H. Effective methods for increasing coumestrol in soybean sprouts. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260147. [PMID: 34793574 PMCID: PMC8601530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Coumestrol (CM), a biologically active compound found in Leguminosae plants, provides various human health benefits. To identify easy and effective methods to increase CM content in vegetables, we developed a quantitative analysis method using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Using this method, we found that soybean sprouts (1.76 ± 0.13 μg/g) have high CM contents among nine vegetables and evaluated the difference in CM contents between two organs of the sprouts: cotyledons and hypocotyls. Next, soybean sprouts were cultivated under different light, temperature, and water conditions and their CM contents were evaluated. CM content was higher in hypocotyls (4.11 ± 0.04 μg/g) than in cotyledons. Cultivating soybean sprouts at 24°C enhanced CM content regardless of light conditions, the growth of fungi and bacteria, and sprout color. Thus, we identified methods of soybean sprout cultivation to increase CM content, which may provide health benefits and enhance value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoe Ohta
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takuhiro Uto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Tanaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Nagasaki, Japan
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Liang J, Xu R, Zong K, Yu N, Wu Z, Wu H, Zhou A. Structural analysis and anti‐obesity effect of
Polygonatum cyrtonema
polysaccharide against obesity induced by high‐fat diet in mice. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liang
- School of Pharmacy Anhui University of Chinese Medicine Hefei 230038 China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula Anhui University of Chinese Medicine Hefei 230021 China
| | - Rujing Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula Anhui University of Chinese Medicine Hefei 230021 China
| | - Kai Zong
- Technical Center of Hefei Customs Hefei 230022 China
| | - Nianjun Yu
- School of Pharmacy Anhui University of Chinese Medicine Hefei 230038 China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula Anhui University of Chinese Medicine Hefei 230021 China
| | - Zhendong Wu
- Jiuhua Medicine Technology Co. Chizhou 242899 China
| | - Hongfei Wu
- School of Pharmacy Anhui University of Chinese Medicine Hefei 230038 China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula Anhui University of Chinese Medicine Hefei 230021 China
| | - An Zhou
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula Anhui University of Chinese Medicine Hefei 230021 China
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Choi Y, Kim DS, Lee MC, Park S, Lee JW, Om AS. Effects of Bacillus Subtilis-Fermented White Sword Bean Extract on Adipogenesis and Lipolysis of 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Foods 2021; 10:1423. [PMID: 34205436 PMCID: PMC8235212 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the adipogenesis and lipolysis effects of the Bacillus subtilis-fermented white sword bean extract (FWSBE) on 3T3-L1 adipocytes, we treated 3T3-L1 preadipocytes before and after differentiation with FWSBE and measured triglyceride, free glycerol, mRNA, and protein levels. First, FWSBE reduced the cell viability of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes under 1000 µg/mL conditions. Triglyceride accumulation in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes was suppressed, and free glycerol content in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes was increased in the FWSBE treatment groups, indicating that FWSBE has anti-obesity effects. Further, FWSBE suppressed adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes by lowering the protein levels of C/EBPα, PPARγ, and FAS and increasing the level of pACC and pAMPK. Additionally, FWSBE promoted lipolysis in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes by increasing the transcription levels of Ppara, Acox, and Lcad and the protein levels of pHSL and ATGL. Thus, we suggest that FWSBE can be a potential dietary supplement because of its anti-obesity properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujeong Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (Y.C.); (D.-S.K.); (M.-C.L.); (S.P.); (J.-W.L.)
| | - Da-Som Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (Y.C.); (D.-S.K.); (M.-C.L.); (S.P.); (J.-W.L.)
| | - Min-Chul Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (Y.C.); (D.-S.K.); (M.-C.L.); (S.P.); (J.-W.L.)
| | - Seulgi Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (Y.C.); (D.-S.K.); (M.-C.L.); (S.P.); (J.-W.L.)
| | - Joo-Won Lee
- Department of Active Aging Industry, Division of Industrial Information Studies, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Ae-Son Om
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (Y.C.); (D.-S.K.); (M.-C.L.); (S.P.); (J.-W.L.)
- Department of Active Aging Industry, Division of Industrial Information Studies, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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14
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Lin Y, Wu S. Vegetable soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) leaf extracts: Functional components and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. J Food Sci 2021; 86:2468-2480. [PMID: 34028011 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
To investigate ways to extract greater dietary value from the leaves of the vegetable soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivar 'Kaohsiung No. 9'. Our results indicate that phenolic content and flavonoid content are highest in extracts prepared with 70% methanol and 70% ethanol. The 70% ethanol extracts also had the highest quercetin (135 ± 1.62 µg/g) and kaempferol (450 ± 1.35 µg/g) contents. These results show that flavonoids are a dominant class of compounds in these vegetable soybean leaf extracts and serve as their main source of antioxidants. At an extract concentration of 5 mg/ml, the 70% methanol extracts achieved good antioxidant effects, with a DPPH radical scavenging rate of 80%, and a reducing power of 88%. In assays of anti-inflammatory capacity using lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The 70% methanol extracts displayed the most significant inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, achieving up to 86% inhibition. As a similar trend was observed in expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), we deduced that vegetable soybean leaves may regulate NO synthesis through inhibiting iNOS. We also observed a significant decrease in cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 gene expression. Analysis of proinflammatory cytokine synthesis revealed that the 70% methanol and 70% ethanol extracts significantly reduced TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β synthesis, and increased the intracellular reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio from 8 to 12.8. These results indicate that vegetable soybean leaves possess antioxidant activities and exert inhibitory effects on inflammatory mediators, suggesting their potential for use as dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushiuan Lin
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szjie Wu
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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15
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Zywno H, Bzdega W, Kolakowski A, Kurzyna P, Harasim-Symbor E, Sztolsztener K, Chabowski A, Konstantynowicz-Nowicka K. The Influence of Coumestrol on Sphingolipid Signaling Pathway and Insulin Resistance Development in Primary Rat Hepatocytes. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020268. [PMID: 33673122 PMCID: PMC7918648 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coumestrol is a phytoestrogen widely known for its anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Thus, it gets a lot of attention as a potential agent in the nutritional therapy of diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. In our study, we evaluated whether coumestrol affects insulin resistance development via the sphingolipid signaling pathway in primary rat hepatocytes. The cells were isolated from the male Wistar rat's liver with the use of collagenase perfusion. Next, we incubated the cells with the presence or absence of palmitic acid and/or coumestrol. Additionally, some groups were incubated with insulin. The sphingolipid concentrations were assessed by HPLC whereas the expression of all the proteins was evaluated by Western blot. Coumestrol markedly reduced the accumulation of sphingolipids, namely, ceramide and sphinganine through noticeable inhibition of the ceramide de novo synthesis pathway in insulin-resistant hepatocytes. Moreover, coumestrol augmented the expression of fatty acid transport proteins, especially FATP5 and FAT/CD36, which also were responsible for excessive sphingolipid accumulation. Furthermore, coumestrol altered the sphingolipid salvage pathway, which was observed as the excessive deposition of the sphingosine-1-phosphate and sphingosine. Our study clearly showed that coumestrol ameliorated hepatic insulin resistance in primary rat hepatocytes. Thus, we believe that our study may contribute to the discovery of novel preventive and therapeutic methods for metabolic disorders.
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Singh BP, Aluko RE, Hati S, Solanki D. Bioactive peptides in the management of lifestyle-related diseases: Current trends and future perspectives. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:4593-4606. [PMID: 33506720 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1877109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lifestyle-related diseases constitute a major concern in the twenty-first century, with millions dying worldwide each year due to chosen lifestyles and associated complications such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. Although synthetic drugs have been shown to be quite effective in the treatment of these conditions, safety of these compounds remains a concern. Natural alternatives to drugs include food-derived peptides are now being explored for the prevention and treatment of lifestyle-related complications. Peptides are fragments nascent in the primary protein sequences and could impart health benefits beyond basic nutritional advantages. Evidence suggests that by controlling adipocyte differentiation and lipase activities, bioactive peptides may be able to prevent obesity. Bioactive peptides act as agents against type 2 diabetes because of their ability to inhibit enzymatic activities of DPP-IV, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase. Moreover, bioactive peptides can act as competitive inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme, thus eliciting an antihypertensive effect. Bioactive peptides may have a hypocholesterolemic effect by inhibiting cholesterol metabolism pathways and cholesterol synthesis. This review addresses current knowledge of the impact of food-derived bioactive peptides on lifestyle diseases. In addition, future insights on the clinical trials, allergenicity, cytotoxicity, gastrointestinal stability, and regulatory approvals have also been considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brij Pal Singh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Science, RK University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Rotimi E Aluko
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Subrota Hati
- SMC College of Dairy Science, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Divyang Solanki
- SMC College of Dairy Science, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
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The Role of Isoflavones in Type 2 Diabetes Prevention and Treatment-A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010218. [PMID: 33379327 PMCID: PMC7795922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the growing number of type 2 diabetic individuals and the substantial social and financial costs associated with diabetes management, every effort should be made to improve its prevention and treatment methods. There is an ongoing search for natural dietary compounds that could be used for this purpose. This narrative review focuses on the therapeutic potential of isoflavones in diabetes prevention and treatment. This review summarizes (i) the molecular mechanisms of isoflavones action that are critical to their anti-diabetic properties; (ii) preclinical (in vitro and in vivo) studies evaluating the influence of isoflavones on the function of key organs involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes; and (iii) epidemiological studies and clinical trials that assessed the effectiveness of isoflavones in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes in humans. Apart from discussing the effects of isoflavones on the function of organs “classically” associated with the pathogenesis of diabetes (pancreas, liver, muscles, and adipose tissue), the impact of these compounds on other organs that contribute to the glucose homeostasis (gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, and brain) is also reviewed.
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18
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Kuryłowicz A, Cąkała-Jakimowicz M, Puzianowska-Kuźnicka M. Targeting Abdominal Obesity and Its Complications with Dietary Phytoestrogens. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020582. [PMID: 32102233 PMCID: PMC7071386 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the assessment of the health risk of an obese individual, both the amount of adipose tissue and its distribution and metabolic activity are essential. In adults, the distribution of adipose tissue differs in a gender-dependent manner and is regulated by sex steroids, especially estrogens. Estrogens affect adipocyte differentiation but are also involved in the regulation of the lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and inflammatory activity of the adipose tissue. Their deficiency results in unfavorable changes in body composition and increases the risk of metabolic complications, which can be partially reversed by hormone replacement therapy. Therefore, the idea of the supplementation of estrogen-like compounds to counteract obesity and related complications is compelling. Phytoestrogens are natural plant-derived dietary compounds that resemble human estrogens in their chemical structure and biological activity. Supplementation with phytoestrogens may confer a range of beneficial effects. However, results of studies on the influence of phytoestrogens on body composition and prevalence of obesity are inconsistent. In this review, we present data from in vitro, animal, and human studies regarding the role of phytoestrogens in adipose tissue development and function in the context of their potential application in the prevention of visceral obesity and related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Kuryłowicz
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.-J.); (M.P.-K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48226086591; Fax: +48226086410
| | - Marta Cąkała-Jakimowicz
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.-J.); (M.P.-K.)
| | - Monika Puzianowska-Kuźnicka
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.-J.); (M.P.-K.)
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 61/63 Kleczewska Street, 01-826, Warsaw, Poland
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Moreno-Valdespino CA, Luna-Vital D, Camacho-Ruiz RM, Mojica L. Bioactive proteins and phytochemicals from legumes: Mechanisms of action preventing obesity and type-2 diabetes. Food Res Int 2019; 130:108905. [PMID: 32156360 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Fabaceae family of plants include a variety of seeds with multiple shapes, sizes, and colors; with a great diversity of bioactive compounds found in legume seeds. Legumes are an excellent source of protein, peptides and phytochemicals which are present in significant amounts. These bioactive compounds have been reported to reduce the risk of developing non-communicable diseases (NCD), such as obesity and type-2 diabetes. In this narrative review, we discuss the biological potential of bioactive compounds found in legumes and the health benefits associated with their consumption as an alternative approach in the management of NCD. Current extraction methods, characteristics of the bioactive compounds, and different in vitro and in vivo studies evaluating the bioactivity of legume bioactives are reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia A Moreno-Valdespino
- Tecnología de Alimentos, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C, 44270 Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Diego Luna-Vital
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, United States
| | - Rosa M Camacho-Ruiz
- Biotecnología Industrial, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C, 44270 Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Luis Mojica
- Tecnología de Alimentos, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C, 44270 Guadalajara, Mexico.
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20
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El-Shiekh RA, Al-Mahdy DA, Mouneir SM, Hifnawy MS, Abdel-Sattar EA. Anti-obesity effect of argel (Solenostemma argel) on obese rats fed a high fat diet. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 238:111893. [PMID: 30999011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Solenostemma argel (Argel) is a desert plant commonly used in Egyptian and Sudanese traditional medicine to suppress appetite, for treatment of diabetes, and as an antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory agent. Previously the anti-diabetic, hypolipidemic and lipase inhibitory activities of Argel were reported in animal studies and in-vitro assays. However, its specific mechanism of action as an anti-obesity agent has not been studied before. AIM OF THE STUDY Assessment of the possible anti-obesity effect of Solenostemma argel on diet-induced obesity and elucidation of its mechanism of action, as well as, standardization of the active plant extract. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ethanolic extract (EtOH-E) and its fractions (CH2Cl2-F: methylene chloride and BuOH-F: n-butanol) were prepared from the aerial parts of S. argel and studied at two dose levels; 200 and 400 mg kg-1 in a model of high fat diet (HFD) fed rats. The animals (72 Male Wister rats) were assigned into 9 groups: group (i) fed with normal diet and groups (ii-iv) fed with high fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks and treated with orlistat, EtOH-E, CH2Cl2-F and BuOH-F in the beginning of the 8th week. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were analysed for lipid and liver biomarkers, glucose and insulin levels, as well as, adipokines and inflammatory markers. Liver and adipose tissues were examined histopathologically and their homogenates were used to determine levels of oxidative stress markers and lipogenesis-related genes. Body weight was monitored weekly during the experiment. RESULTS Our data showed that consumption of S. argel significantly controlled weight gain, attenuated liver steatosis, improved the lipid profile, modulated adipokines activities, increased β-oxidation gene expression, as well as, decreased the expression of lipogenesis-related genes and ameliorated inflammatory and lipid peroxidation derangement. The ethanolic extract was also standardized using LC-MS analysis for its content of stemmoside C. CONCLUSIONS The current study revealed that S. argel is a promising Egyptian natural drug, rich in pregnane glycosides, and could be considered a new therapeutic candidate targeting obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riham A El-Shiekh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Dalia A Al-Mahdy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Samar M Mouneir
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed S Hifnawy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt.
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21
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Kim HJ, Choi EJ, Kim HS, Choi CW, Choi SW, Kim SL, Seo WD, Do SH. Germinated soy germ extract ameliorates obesity through beige fat activation. Food Funct 2019; 10:836-848. [PMID: 30681105 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02252f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide public health concern requiring safe and effective strategies. Recent studies suggest that bioactive compounds from soybeans have beneficial effects on weight loss and reducing fat accumulation. However, despite the biochemical and nutritional changes during germination, the biological effects of germinated soy germ have not been fully investigated. In this article, germinated soy germ extract (GSGE) was evaluated as a potential treatment option for obesity using 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. In vitro studies demonstrated that GSGE suppressed the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells into mature adipocytes, along with reductions in lipid accumulation and lipid droplet formation. In vivo studies also showed that a daily dose of 1 mg kg-1 of GSGE reduced weight gain, adipocyte area, serum triglyceride, and LDL-cholesterol in HFD-fed mice. The GSGE treatment promoted browning, which was associated with increased UCP1 expression in vitro and in vivo. In addition, GSGE treatment induced beige fat activation by upregulation of lipolysis and beta-oxidation. Furthermore, gene and protein expression levels of endocannabinoid system-related factors such as NAPE-PLD, FAAH, DAGL-α, and CB2 were altered along with browning and beige fat activation by GSGE. The present study indicates that GSGE effectively inhibits lipid accumulation and promotes beige fat transition and activation. Therefore, we suggest that GSGE treatment could be a promising strategy for the prevention of obesity by promoting weight loss, reducing fat accumulation, and improving obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Jun Kim
- Konkuk University, Department of Clinical Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Li H, Kim UH, Yoon JH, Ji HS, Park HM, Park HY, Jeong TS. Suppression of Hyperglycemia and Hepatic Steatosis by Black-Soybean-Leaf Extract via Enhanced Adiponectin-Receptor Signaling and AMPK Activation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:90-101. [PMID: 30541285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Yellow-soybean-leaf extract includes kaempferol glycosides and pheophorbides that reduce obesity and plasma glucose levels. This study researched the molecular mechanisms underlying the glucose-lowering effect of the extract of black-soybean leaves (EBL), which mainly contains quercetin glycosides and isorhamnetin glycosides, in mice with high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity and diabetes and in HepG2 cells. Twelve weeks of EBL supplementation decreased body weight and fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, insulin, triglyceride, and nonesterified fatty acid levels. Histological analyses manifested that EBL suppressed hepatic steatosis. Interestingly, EBL significantly improved plasma adiponectin levels and increased adiponectin-receptor-gene ( AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) expression in the liver. EBL restored the effects of HFD on hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and on the family of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARα, PPARδ, and PPARγ), which are associated with fatty acid metabolism and are downstream of the adiponectin receptors. Hence, EBL effectively diminished hyperglycemia and hepatic steatosis through enhancing adiponectin-induced signaling and AMPK activation in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- Industrial Biomaterials Research Center , Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Un-Hee Kim
- Industrial Biomaterials Research Center , Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Yoon
- Industrial Biomaterials Research Center , Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Seon Ji
- Industrial Biomaterials Research Center , Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Mi Park
- Industrial Biomaterials Research Center , Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Yong Park
- Industrial Biomaterials Research Center , Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Sook Jeong
- Industrial Biomaterials Research Center , Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
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23
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Nepali S, Cha JY, Ki HH, Lee HY, Kim YH, Kim DK, Song BJ, Lee YM. Chrysanthemum indicum Inhibits Adipogenesis and Activates the AMPK Pathway in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obese Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2018; 46:119-136. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x18500076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Chrysanthemum indicum (CI) is widely distributed in China and many parts of the tropical world, and has been reported to have antibacterial, antiviral, anti-oxidant and immunomodulatory effects, but no information is available on its effects on high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. This was undertaken to investigate the mechanism responsible for the effect of ethyl acetate fraction of CI (CIEA) on adipogenesis, in vitro and in vivo models of obesity. In the in vitro study, differentiating 3T3-L1 cells were treated with media to initiate differentiation (MDI) in the presence or absence of CIEA with different concentrations, and in the in vivo study, C57BL/6 mice were fed with HFD and administered CIEA daily for six weeks. Garcinia cambogia (GC) was used as the positive control, and was administered in the same manner as CIEA. Results showed CIEA reduced HFD-induced body weight gain, epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT), and liver weight. In addition, CIEA significantly decreased serum lipid profiles, including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) and increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) levels. Furthermore, CIEA also reduced leptin levels and increased adiponectin levels in serum, and significantly decreased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor [Formula: see text] (PPAR[Formula: see text]) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EPBs) levels, but increased PPAR[Formula: see text] level and the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in eWATs and in the liver tissues of HFD fed obese mice. Taken together, these results indicate CIEA might be beneficial for preventing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmila Nepali
- Department of Immunology and Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54907, Korea
| | - Ji-Yun Cha
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Hui Ki
- Department of Immunology and Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54907, Korea
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Korea
| | - Hoon-Yeon Lee
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Korea
| | - Young-Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Dae-Ki Kim
- Department of Immunology and Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54907, Korea
| | - Bong-Joon Song
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea
| | - Young-Mi Lee
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Korea
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Jang YJ, Son HJ, Ahn J, Jung CH, Ha T. Coumestrol modulates Akt and Wnt/β-catenin signaling during the attenuation of adipogenesis. Food Funct 2018; 7:4984-4991. [PMID: 27868125 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01127f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Coumestrol is a natural phytochemical present in plants such as red clover and soy, and has been reported to stimulate the estrogen receptor as a major phytoestrogen. While the molecular mechanisms responsible for the anti-adipogenic effects of phytoestrogens such as genistein and daidzein have been previously investigated, the effects of coumestrol on adipogenesis remain to be elucidated. We observed that coumestrol dose-dependently attenuates MDI (mixture of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, dexamethasone, and insulin)-induced lipid accumulation, consistent with an earlier study, while significantly inhibiting MDI-induced adipogenesis in the first 48 hours of differentiation, a critical time window for anti-adipogenic effects. Coumestrol treatment suppressed MDI-induced protein expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα in adipocytes, leading to the subsequent downregulation of FAS and aP2 expression. Akt and GSK3β were phosphorylated shortly after MDI stimulation, and these responses were inhibited by coumestrol treatment. Coumestrol also increased LRP6 protein expression, resulting in the recovery of β-catenin downregulation by MDI, while attenuating MDI-induced downregulation of Wnt10b. In addition, mRNA and protein expression of c-Myc and cyclin D1, target genes of β-catenin, were both recovered by coumestrol treatment. These results suggest that coumestrol inhibits adipocyte differentiation via regulation of Akt and Wnt/β-catenin signaling and may have potential for development as an agent to prevent adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jin Jang
- Metabolic Mechanism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyo Jeong Son
- Metabolic Mechanism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Metabolic Mechanism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea. and Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Metabolic Mechanism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea. and Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyoul Ha
- Metabolic Mechanism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea. and Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Morinda citrifolia Linn. (Noni) and Its Potential in Obesity-Related Metabolic Dysfunction. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9060540. [PMID: 28587078 PMCID: PMC5490519 DOI: 10.3390/nu9060540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cultural and economic shifts in the early 19th century led to the rapid development of companies that made good profits from technologically-produced commodities. In this way, some habits changed in society, such as the overconsumption of processed and micronutrient-poor foods and devices that gave rise to a sedentary lifestyle. These factors influenced host-microbiome interactions which, in turn, mediated the etiopathogenesis of “new-era” disorders and diseases, which are closely related, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hypertension, and inflammatory bowel disease, which are characterized by chronic dysregulation of metabolic and immune processes. These pathological conditions require novel and effective therapeutic approaches. Morindacitrifolia (noni) is well known as a traditional healing plant due to its medicinal properties. Thus, many studies have been conducted to understand its bioactive compounds and their mechanisms of action. However, in obesity and obesity-related metabolic (dysfunction) syndrome, other studies are necessary to better elucidate noni’s mechanisms of action, mainly due to the complexity of the pathophysiology of obesity and its metabolic dysfunction. In this review, we summarize not only the clinical effects, but also important cell signaling pathways in in vivo and in vitro assays of potent bioactive compounds present in the noni plant which have been reported in studies of obesity and obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction.
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Li H, Yoon JH, Won HJ, Ji HS, Yuk HJ, Park KH, Park HY, Jeong TS. Isotrifoliol inhibits pro-inflammatory mediators by suppression of TLR/NF-κB and TLR/MAPK signaling in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 45:110-119. [PMID: 28192731 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Soybeans, produced by Glycine max (L.) Merr., contain high levels of isoflavones, such as genistein and daidzein. However, soy leaves contain more diverse and abundant flavonol glycosides and coumestans, as compared to the soybean. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of the major coumestans present in soy leaf (coumestrol, isotrifoliol, and phaseol) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. Coumestans significantly reduced LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production; isotrifoliol had the most potent anti-inflammatory activity. Isotrifoliol reduced LPS-mediated induction of mRNA expression of inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and chemokines, such as chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL) 2, CCL3, and CCL4. Isotrifoliol prevented NF-κB p65 subunit activation by reducing the phosphorylation and degradation of the inhibitor of NF-κB. And isotrifoliol significantly suppressed phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Furthermore, isotrifoliol suppressed LPS-induced Toll-like Receptor (TLR) signaling pathway, including mRNA expression of TNF receptor associated factor 6, transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), TAK1 binding protein 2 (TAB2), and TAB3. These results demonstrate that isotrifoliol exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by suppressing the expression of inflammatory mediators via inhibition of TLR/NF-κB and TLR/MAPK signaling in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. Therefore, isotrifoliol can be used as an anti-inflammatory agent, and coumestan-rich soy leaf extracts may provide a useful dietary supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- Industrial Bio-materials Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Yoon
- Industrial Bio-materials Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jun Won
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Seon Ji
- Industrial Bio-materials Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Heong Joo Yuk
- Industrial Bio-materials Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hun Park
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Yong Park
- Industrial Bio-materials Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Insect Biotech Co. Ltd., Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Sook Jeong
- Industrial Bio-materials Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Kwak Y, Ju J. Glycine max Merr. leaf extract possesses anti-oxidant properties, decreases inflammatory mediator production in murine macrophages, and inhibits growth, migration, and adhesion in human cancer cells. Food Sci Biotechnol 2017; 26:245-253. [PMID: 30263535 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-017-0033-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the in vitro anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties of the ethanol extract of soybean (Glycine max Merr.) leaves (SLE). The total polyphenol and flavonoid levels were 142.0±14.0mg gallic acid equivalent/g and 104.9±2.0 mg quercetin equivalent/g, respectively. The radical scavenging activity and ferric-reducing anti-oxidant power of SLE at the concentrations of 125-500 μg/mL were 5-61%. In lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages, treatment with SLE at concentrations of 62.5-500 μg/mL dose-dependently decreased the production of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2. In both HCT116 human colon cancer cells and H1299 human lung cancer cells, treatment with SLE inhibited the growth and anchorage-independent colony formation. SLE was also effective in inhibiting the migration of H1299 cells and the adhesion of both HCT116 and H1299 cells. These results suggest that SLE exerts anti-oxidant, antiinflammatory, and anti-cancer activities in vitro. It needs to be determined whether similar effects are reproduced in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngeun Kwak
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644 Korea
| | - Jihyeung Ju
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644 Korea
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28
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Ryu R, Jeong TS, Kim YJ, Choi JY, Cho SJ, Kwon EY, Jung UJ, Ji HS, Shin DH, Choi MS. Beneficial Effects of Pterocarpan-High Soybean Leaf Extract on Metabolic Syndrome in Overweight and Obese Korean Subjects: Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2016; 8:E734. [PMID: 27869712 PMCID: PMC5133118 DOI: 10.3390/nu8110734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pterocarpans are known to have antifungal and anti-inflammatory properties. However, little is known about the changes in transcriptional profiles in response to a pterocarpan-high soybean leaf extract (PT). Therefore, this study investigated the effects of PT on blood glucose and lipid levels, as well as on the inflammation-related gene expression based on a peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) mRNA sequencing analysis in Korean overweight and obese subjects with mild metabolic syndrome. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups and were administered either placebo (starch, 3 g/day) or PT (2 g/day) for 12 weeks. The PT intervention did not change body weight, body fat percentage and body mass index (BMI). However, PT significantly decreased the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), plasma glucose, free fatty acid, total cholesterol, and non-HDL cholesterol levels after 12 weeks. Furthermore, PT supplementation significantly lowered the homeostatic index of insulin resistance, as well as the plasma levels of inflammatory markers. Finally, the mRNA sequencing analysis revealed that PT downregulated genes related to immune responses. PT supplementation is beneficial for the improvement of metabolic syndrome by altering the fasting blood and plasma glucose, HbA1c, plasma lipid levels and inflammation-related gene expression in PBMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ri Ryu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Korea.
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.
| | - Tae-Sook Jeong
- Industrial Bio-Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.
| | - Ye Jin Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Korea.
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.
| | - Ji-Young Choi
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.
| | - Su-Jung Cho
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.
| | - Eun-Young Kwon
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.
| | - Un Ju Jung
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Korea.
| | - Hyeon-Seon Ji
- Industrial Bio-Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea.
| | - Dong-Ha Shin
- Insect Biotech Co., Ltd., Daejeon 305-811, Korea.
| | - Myung-Sook Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Korea.
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.
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Influence of the Alcohol Present in a Phytotherapic Tincture on Male Rat Lipid Profiles and Renal Function. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2015:762373. [PMID: 26823673 PMCID: PMC4707573 DOI: 10.1155/2015/762373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the influence of the alcohol present in a formulation of the antiophidic phytotherapic tincture, Específico-Pessôa, on rat blood biochemical and hematological parameters, and on organ histology. Three groups of rats were treated orally for 10, 15, or 30 days; one group received the tincture, the other received alcohol alone, and the third was a control group. The results of this study indicated that cholesterol levels were significantly increased after 10 days in the alcohol and tincture groups, although these decreased after 30 days in the tincture group. Triglyceride levels were significantly reduced after 15 days in the tincture group and after 30 days in the alcohol and tincture groups. A higher creatinine level was observed in the alcohol and tincture groups after 15 and 30 days. The uric acid levels in these groups were reduced at 10 and 30 days, although this metabolite was elevated at 15 days in the alcohol group. Hydropic multifocal degeneration with lymphohistiocytic infiltration and some polymorphonuclear cells was observed in the livers of rats treated with either the tincture or alcohol. These data demonstrate the importance of considering the potential actions of the alcohol present in pharmaceutical formulations.
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30
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Balaji M, Ganjayi MS, Hanuma Kumar GEN, Parim BN, Mopuri R, Dasari S. A review on possible therapeutic targets to contain obesity: The role of phytochemicals. Obes Res Clin Pract 2015; 10:363-80. [PMID: 26740473 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence and severity of obesity has increased markedly in recent decades making it a global public health concern. Since obesity is a potential risk factor in the development of hypertension, type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, infertility, etc., it is no more viewed as a cosmetic issue. Currently, only a few FDA-approved anti-obesity drugs like Orlistat, Lorcaserin and Phentermine-topiramate are available in the market, but they have considerable side effects. On the other hand, bariatric surgery as an alternative is associated with high risk and expensive. In view of these there is a growing trend towards natural product-based drug intervention as one of the crucial strategies for management of obesity and related ailments. In Asian traditional medicine and Ayurvedic literature a good number of plant species have been used and quoted for possible lipid-lowering and anti-obesity effects; however, many of them have not been evaluated rigorously for a definite recommendation and also lack adequate scientific validation. This review explores and updates on various plant species, their used parts, bioactive components and focuses multiple targets/pathways to contain obesity which may pave the way to develop novel and effective drugs. We also summarised different drugs in use to treat obesity and their current status. Nature is future promise of our wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriga Balaji
- Animal Physiology & Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Muni Swamy Ganjayi
- Animal Physiology & Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Gali E N Hanuma Kumar
- Animal Physiology & Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Brahma Naidu Parim
- Animal Physiology & Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ramgopal Mopuri
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Sreenivasulu Dasari
- Animal Physiology & Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Li H, Ji HS, Kang JH, Shin DH, Park HY, Choi MS, Lee CH, Lee IK, Yun BS, Jeong TS. Soy Leaf Extract Containing Kaempferol Glycosides and Pheophorbides Improves Glucose Homeostasis by Enhancing Pancreatic β-Cell Function and Suppressing Hepatic Lipid Accumulation in db/db Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:7198-210. [PMID: 26211813 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the antidiabetic effect of an ethanol extract of soy leaves (ESL) in db/db mice. Control groups (db/+ and db/db) were fed a normal diet (ND), whereas the db/db-ESL group was fed ND with 1% ESL for 8 weeks. Dietary ESL improved glucose tolerance and lowered plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin, HOMA-IR, and triglyceride levels. The pancreatic insulin content of the db/db-ESL group was significantly greater than that of the db/db group. ESL supplementation altered pancreatic IRS1, IRS2, Pdx1, Ngn3, Pax4, Ins1, Ins2, and FoxO1 expression. Furthermore, ESL suppressed lipid accumulation and increased glucokinase activity in the liver. ESL primarily contained kaempferol glycosides and pheophorbides. Kaempferol, an aglycone of kaempferol glycosides, improved β-cell proliferation through IRS2-related FoxO1 signaling, whereas pheophorbide a, a product of chlorophyll breakdown, improved insulin secretion and β-cell proliferation through IRS1-related signaling with protein kinase A in MIN6 cells. ESL effectively regulates glucose homeostasis by enhancing IRS-mediated β-cell insulin signaling and suppressing SREBP-1-mediated hepatic lipid accumulation in db/db mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- †Industrial Bio-materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
- §Department of Biomolecular Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Seon Ji
- †Industrial Bio-materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
- ‡College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Kang
- †Industrial Bio-materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ha Shin
- #Insect Biotech Company Ltd., Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Yong Park
- †Industrial Bio-materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
- #Insect Biotech Company Ltd., Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Sook Choi
- ΔCenter for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- ⊗Laboratory Animal Resource Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyung Lee
- ⊥Division of Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 570-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Sik Yun
- ⊥Division of Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 570-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Sook Jeong
- †Industrial Bio-materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
- §Department of Biomolecular Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
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