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Kawamoto A, Sugano N, Sakai M, Ogisawa S, Shiratsuchi H, Seki K, Manaka S, Yoshinuma N, Sato S. Clinical effect of equol supplementation in the treatment of desquamative gingivitis with 1-year follow-up. J Oral Sci 2024; 66:145-150. [PMID: 38749724 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.24-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Desquamative gingivitis (DG) is characterized by desquamative erosion, edematous erythema, and vesicle formation on the gingiva. Because of its prevalence in women during the pre- and postmenopausal period, its potential association with female hormones has been suggested. Equol is a soy isoflavone metabolite with a chemical structure similar to estrogen. Scientific evidence suggests that equol helps in alleviating menopausal symptoms. This study evaluated the clinical effect of a 12-month equol supplementation as a substitute for estrogen to alleviate DG symptoms. METHODS The study enrolled 16 women with DG who regularly visited Nihon University School of Dentistry Dental Hospital. Urinary equol levels, periodontal tissue examination, O'Leary's plaque control record, stimulated saliva flow rate, and gingival pain-related questionnaires were evaluated before and after the 12-month daily intake of 10 mg equol supplement. RESULTS Equol supplementation led to a statistically significant improvement in bleeding on probing, visual findings, and reductions in the frequency and severity of gingival pain. CONCLUSION Urinary equol testing and equol supplementation may be novel treatment options for female patients with DG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Kawamoto
- Dental Hygienist Section, Nihon University School of Dentistry Dental Hospital
| | - Naoyuki Sugano
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry
- Division of Advanced Dental Treatment, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Masako Sakai
- Dental Hygienist Section, Nihon University School of Dentistry Dental Hospital
| | - Shouhei Ogisawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Hiroshi Shiratsuchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Keisuke Seki
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry and Clinical Education, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Soichiro Manaka
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry
- Division of Advanced Dental Treatment, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Naoto Yoshinuma
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry
- Division of Advanced Dental Treatment, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Shuichi Sato
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry
- Division of Advanced Dental Treatment, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
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Oh MR, Park JH, Park SK, Park SH. Efficacy of plant-derived dietary supplements in improving overall menopausal symptoms in women: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytother Res 2024; 38:1294-1309. [PMID: 38189863 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
This updated systematic review and meta-analysis aims to confirm the effectiveness of plant-based supplements in improving overall menopausal symptoms and vasomotor symptoms. A systematic review of the literature was conducted by searching the PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases up to June 2022. Randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials that evaluated the effects of dietary supplements on menopausal symptoms were included. Outcome measures included daily hot flash frequency, Kupperman's index, Menopause Rating Scale, and Greene Climacteric Scale. Pooled data were analyzed using a fixed-effects model and expressed as a weighted mean difference with a 95% confidence interval for continuous outcomes. For qualitative assessment, 67 studies were selected. For quantitative assessment, 54 reports were obtained from 61 studies. The study participants were peri- or postmenopausal women aged 38-85, most of whom experienced hot flashes as a menopausal symptom. The investigational products included 28 soy-derived, 6 red clover-derived, and 28 other plant-derived supplements. Qualitative assessment revealed that approximately 76% of the studies were generally of fair or good quality, whereas 24% were of low quality. Meta-analysis results indicated significant improvements in all questionnaire scores, including hot flash frequency, in the dietary supplement group compared with the placebo group. Comprehensive evaluation using different questionnaire tools showed that the various plant-derived dietary supplements can significantly alleviate menopausal symptoms. However, further rigorous studies are needed to determine the association of plant-derived dietary supplements with menopausal health because of the general suboptimal quality and heterogeneous nature of current evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ra Oh
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Park
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Kyeong Park
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Park
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, Republic of Korea
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Balan A, Moga MA, Neculau AE, Mitrica M, Rogozea L, Ifteni P, Dima L. Royal Jelly and Fermented Soy Extracts-A Holistic Approach to Menopausal Symptoms That Increase the Quality of Life in Pre- and Post-menopausal Women: An Observational Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:649. [PMID: 38474777 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to determine the effects of royal jelly and fermented soy extracts on menopausal symptoms and on quality of life in pre- and post-menopausal women. MATERIALS AND METHOD This prospective observational study was carried out in a Clinical Hospital of Brasov, Romania, during June 2020 and December 2021. Eighty pre- and post-menopausal women, aged between 45 and 60 years, were included in two groups. The first group (40 women) received a dietary supplement with fermented soy extract twice a day for eight weeks and the second group (40 women) received the same dietary supplement with fermented soy extracts and 1500 mg of royal jelly capsules for eight weeks. After the treatment, the MENQOL score, DASS-21 score, and the mean number and intensity of daily hot flushes were recorded and compared with baseline values. RESULTS After eight weeks of treatment, the score of the MENQOL questionnaire and all its domains' scores decreased in comparison with the baseline in both groups (p < 0.001). Also, the DASS-21 score (p < 0.001), depression score (p < 0.001), anxiety score (p < 0.001), and stress score (p < 0.001) improved. The mean number and the intensity of hot flushes decreased in both groups (p < 0.001). Comparing these variables after the treatment in both groups, we observed that the women who received dietary supplements with fermented soy extracts and royal jelly capsules recorded better scores for MENQOL (vasomotor, physical, and psychosocial domains) and a more reduced mean number of daily hot flushes. CONCLUSIONS This observational study suggests that both dietary fermented soy supplements and royal jelly capsules possess beneficial effects against menopausal symptoms, increase the quality of life in pre- and post-menopausal women, and that the effects might be significantly improved if those dietary supplements are administered in association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Balan
- Department of Fundamental, Prophylactic and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500019 Brașov, Romania
| | - Marius Alexandru Moga
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Transylvania University of Brasov, 500019 Brașov, Romania
| | - Andrea Elena Neculau
- Department of Fundamental, Prophylactic and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500019 Brașov, Romania
| | - Maria Mitrica
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Transylvania University of Brasov, 500019 Brașov, Romania
| | - Liliana Rogozea
- Department of Fundamental, Prophylactic and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500019 Brașov, Romania
| | - Petru Ifteni
- Department of Fundamental, Prophylactic and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500019 Brașov, Romania
| | - Lorena Dima
- Department of Fundamental, Prophylactic and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500019 Brașov, Romania
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Hirase Y, Okubo A. Equol production capability and family history as risk factors for hand osteoarthritis in menopausal and postmenopausal women. Cross-sectional study. J Orthop Sci 2024:S0949-2658(24)00013-7. [PMID: 38360508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hand disorders are common in menopausal women. Equol is a soy metabolite produced in humans and its production level differs among individuals. The purpose of this research is to investigate the correlative relationship between variables indicating equol production levels and the occurrence of hand disorders in menopausal and postmenopausal women. METHODS Female subjects were divided into two groups: women 45-70 years of age with hand osteoarthritis (patient group) and women in the same age range without hand osteoarthritis (control group). The equol production level of each subject was estimated by measuring her urine equol concentration. We also surveyed the subjects' family histories of osteoarthritis. RESULTS Equol levels in the patient group were significantly lower than those in the control group (p < 0.05). This difference was most apparent for women in their 50s. Individuals with family histories of Heberden's and Bouchard's nodes were found to be 48.1 times more likely to develop these conditions than individuals in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Women with early menopausal hand symptoms (i.e., stiff and arthritic hands) often develop hand osteoarthritis during their late menopausal and postmenopausal periods, which may cause their QoL to significantly deteriorate. Although a link between the probability of women developing hand osteoarthritis and their clinical backgrounds (i.e., family history) had been suspected, it had not been thoroughly investigated. Our survey of women with and without Heberden's nodes and Bouchard's nodes found a significant correlation between the likelihood of women developing osteoarthritis and a family history of this disease. We also found a significant correlation between the likelihood of women developing hand osteoarthritis and their equol production levels. These results indicate that women with family histories of finger osteoarthritis and low equol production have higher risks of developing finger osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Hirase
- Department of Hand Surgery and Microsurgery, Yotsuya Medical Cube, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Arisa Okubo
- Department of Hand Surgery and Microsurgery, Yotsuya Medical Cube, Tokyo, Japan
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Sievert LL, Sharmeen T, Begum K, Muttukrishna S, Chowdhury O, Bentley GR. Frequency of Phytoestrogen Consumption and Symptoms at Midlife among Bangladeshis in Bangladesh and London. Nutrients 2023; 15:3676. [PMID: 37686708 PMCID: PMC10490262 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a longstanding interest in the relationship between diet and hot flash symptoms during midlife, especially in whether phytoestrogens ease menopausal symptoms. The purpose of this study was to examine hot flashes, night sweats, trouble sleeping, and vaginal dryness in relation to the intake of foods rich in phytoestrogens among Bangladeshi women aged 35 to 59 years who were living either in Sylhet, Bangladesh (n = 157) or as migrants in London (n = 174). Consumption ranges for phytoestrogens were constructed from food frequencies. We hypothesized that diets rich in isoflavones, lignans, and coumestrol would be associated with lower symptom frequencies. However, adjusted logistic regression results showed that with each incremental increase in general phytoestrogen consumption (scale of 0 to 10), the likelihood of hot flashes increased by 1.4%. Each incremental increase in lignan consumption raised the likelihood of hot flashes by 1.6%. In contrast, the odds of vaginal dryness decreased by 2%, with each incremental increase in phytoestrogen and lignan consumption, and by 4%, with each incremental increase in isoflavone consumption. Night sweats and trouble sleeping were not associated with phytoestrogen intake in logistic regressions. Our findings add to the conflicting data on relationships between phytoestrogens and symptoms associated with menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taniya Sharmeen
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Khurshida Begum
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Shanthi Muttukrishna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University College Cork, T12 E7WX Cork, Ireland
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Xie Y, Fontenot L, Estrada AC, Nelson B, Bullock A, Faull KF, Feng H, Sun M, Koon HW. Genistein Inhibits Clostridioides difficile Infection via Estrogen Receptors and Lysine-Deficient Protein Kinase 1. J Infect Dis 2023; 227:806-819. [PMID: 36628948 PMCID: PMC10226758 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a debilitating nosocomial disease. Postmenopausal women may have an increased risk of CDI, suggesting estrogen influence. Soybean products contain a representative estrogenic isoflavone, genistein. METHODS The anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects of genistein were determined using primary human cells and fresh colonic tissues. The effects of oral genistein therapy among mice and hamsters were evaluated. RESULTS Within 10 days of CDI, female c57BL/6J mice in a standard environment (regular diet) had a 50% survival rate, while those with estrogen depletion and in an isoflavone-free environment (soy-free diet) had a 25% survival rate. Oral genistein improved their 10-day survival rate to 100% on a regular diet and 75% in an isoflavone-free environment. Genistein reduced macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α) secretion in fresh human colonic tissues exposed to toxins. Genistein inhibited MIP-1α secretion in primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, abolished apoptosis and BCL-2-associated X (BAX) expression in human colonic epithelial cells, and activated lysine-deficient protein kinase 1 (WNK1) phosphorylation in both cell types. The anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects of genistein were abolished by inhibiting estrogen receptors and WNK1. CONCLUSIONS Genistein reduces CDI disease activity by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokine expression and apoptosis via the estrogen receptor/G-protein estrogen receptor/WNK1 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xie
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lindsey Fontenot
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Andrea Chupina Estrada
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Becca Nelson
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ashlen Bullock
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kym F Faull
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hanping Feng
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Maryland, Baltimore, USA
| | - Mingjun Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hon Wai Koon
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Sekikawa A, Wharton W, Butts B, Veliky CV, Garfein J, Li J, Goon S, Fort A, Li M, Hughes TM. Potential Protective Mechanisms of S-equol, a Metabolite of Soy Isoflavone by the Gut Microbiome, on Cognitive Decline and Dementia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:11921. [PMID: 36233223 PMCID: PMC9570153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
S-equol, a metabolite of soy isoflavone daidzein transformed by the gut microbiome, is the most biologically potent among all soy isoflavones and their metabolites. Soy isoflavones are phytoestrogens and exert their actions through estrogen receptor-β. Epidemiological studies in East Asia, where soy isoflavones are regularly consumed, show that dietary isoflavone intake is inversely associated with cognitive decline and dementia; however, randomized controlled trials of soy isoflavones in Western countries did not generally show their cognitive benefit. The discrepant results may be attributed to S-equol production capability; after consuming soy isoflavones, 40-70% of East Asians produce S-equol, whereas 20-30% of Westerners do. Recent observational and clinical studies in Japan show that S-equol but not soy isoflavones is inversely associated with multiple vascular pathologies, contributing to cognitive impairment and dementia, including arterial stiffness and white matter lesion volume. S-equol has better permeability to the blood-brain barrier than soy isoflavones, although their affinity to estrogen receptor-β is similar. S-equol is also the most potent antioxidant among all known soy isoflavones. Although S-equol is available as a dietary supplement, no long-term trials in humans have examined the effect of S-equol supplementation on arterial stiffness, cerebrovascular disease, cognitive decline, or dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Sekikawa
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Whitney Wharton
- School of Nursing and Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Brittany Butts
- School of Nursing and Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Cole V. Veliky
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Joshua Garfein
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jiatong Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Shatabdi Goon
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Annamaria Fort
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Mengyi Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Timothy M. Hughes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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Kouzuma N, Taguchi T, Higuchi M. Heart Rate and Autonomic Nervous System Activity Relationship During Acupuncture Associated with Postural Change and Effect on Menopausal Symptoms: A Prospective Randomized Trial. Med Acupunct 2022; 34:299-307. [PMID: 36311889 PMCID: PMC9595640 DOI: 10.1089/acu.2022.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The autonomic nervous system (ANS) has been assessed using heart rate variability (HRV), and HRV has been used to evaluate acupuncture. This study investigated the relationship between heart rate (HR) and ANS activity during acupuncture and postural change. Materials and Methods Subjects (48 menopausal women) were assigned randomly to acupuncture and sham groups. Japanese-style acupuncture at 7 points was performed weekly for 4 weeks. For sham treatment an acupuncture tube was pressed at the same 7 points. Measurements of HR were taken at: stage 1 (supine position before acupuncture; control); stage 2 (acupuncture for 10 minutes), and stage 3 (after standing for 10 minutes). During the experiments, the following HRV indices were obtained: high (0.15 - 0.40 Hz) frequency (HF) power and low frequency (LF) power/high frequency power ratio (LF/HF) as an index of the parasympathetic nervous system activity and sympathetic nervous system activity, respectively. Participants' menopausal symptoms were assessed using a visual analogue scale. Results Reduction in HR during needle insertion and removal was significantly lower than that of retention (P < 0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between HR reduction during insertion and removal of needles (r = 0.732; P = 0.000). HR decreased by ≥5% in 79% (19/24) of the acupuncture-treated subjects. HF was increased significantly during acupuncture, while LF/HF decreased during standing. Menopausal symptoms were alleviated significantly. Conclusions Stimulation during acupuncture-needle insertion and removal regulated ANS function, causing a decreased HR. This technique relieve patients' menopausal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Kouzuma
- Divisions of Basic Nursing, Kyushu University of Nursing and Social Welfare, Tamana, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Taro Taguchi
- Divisions of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, and Kyushu University of Nursing and Social Welfare, Tamana, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Makie Higuchi
- Divisions of (Professor Emeritus) Pharmacology, Kyushu University of Nursing and Social Welfare, Tamana, Kumamoto, Japan
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Association between equol production and metabolic syndrome in Japanese women in their 50s-60s. Menopause 2022; 29:1196-1199. [PMID: 35969890 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000002052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Equol is an active metabolite of soy isoflavone. As a phytoestrogen, equol has the potential to prevent metabolic disorders such as hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and obesity. This study aimed to determine the association between equol production and metabolic syndrome (METS) in postmenopausal women. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 1,345 women aged 50 to 69 years who underwent health checkups from February 2018 to November 2021 at four health centers in Fukushima, Japan. Equol producers were defined as those with a urinary equol concentration of 1.0 μM or more. METS was defined based on Japanese diagnostic criteria including abdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, and glucose intolerance. The association between equol production and METS was estimated by logistic regression analysis, with adjustments for age, exercise, physical activity, and fast walking. RESULTS Of the 1,345 women, 378 (28.1%) were equol producers. The proportion of women who had METS (6.6% vs 10.9%) was significantly lower in the equol-producing group than in the nonproducing group. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that equol production was significantly associated with METS (odds ratio, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.38-0.95). CONCLUSIONS Equol production was associated with a lower prevalence of METS among women aged 50 to 69 years.
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Nozawa D, Matsuyama A, Furuya T. Biocatalytic synthesis and evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of hydroxyequols. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 73:128908. [PMID: 35902062 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyequols are promising analogues of the biologically active flavonoid, equol. We recently found that the flavin-dependent monooxygenase HpaBro-3 of Rhodococcus opacus regioselectively synthesizes 3'-hydroxyequol from equol, whereas HpaBpl-1 of Photorhabdus luminescens synthesizes 6-hydroxyequol. In this study, we investigated the cascade synthesis of a dihydroxyequol compound from equol using these two enzymes. When Escherichia coli cells expressing HpaBro-3 and cells expressing HpaBpl-1 were simultaneously incubated with equol, the cells efficiently synthesized 6,3'-dihydroxyequol (8.7 mM, 2.4 g/L) via 3'- and 6-hydroxyequols in one pot. The antioxidant activity of the equol derivatives increased with an increase in the number of hydroxyl groups on the equol scaffold. 6,3'-Dihydroxyequol exhibited potent antioxidant activity. In addition, 6-hydroxyequol significantly inhibited the growth of E. coli. Cell survival studies suggested that 6-hydroxyequol is a bactericidal rather than bacteriostatic compound. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the antibacterial activity of hydroxyequols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Nozawa
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | | | - Toshiki Furuya
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
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Maffei S, Franchini M, Fortunato L, Guiducci L. Long-term effects of a combination of isoflavones, agnus castus and magnolia extracts on climacteric symptoms and cardiometabolic risk profile in postmenopausal women. Gynecol Endocrinol 2022; 38:339-344. [PMID: 35257639 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2022.2047171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the long-term effects of a combination of isoflavones, agnus castus and magnolia extracts (combined isoflavone compound [CIC]) on climacteric symptoms and cardiometabolic risk in symptomatic postmenopausal women. METHODS This interventional, prospective study evaluated climacteric symptoms, mood and sleep disorders using the 21-item Greene Climacteric Scale (GCS) and 7-item Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) questionnaires; and cardiovascular, metabolic and thrombotic risk markers at baseline (T0) and after 12 months of CIC treatment (T1). RESULTS In healthy postmenopausal women (N = 71), 12-month CIC treatment significantly reduced patient-reported vasomotor symptoms (100% vs. 17%), mood disorders (67% vs. 25%) and sleep disorders (89% vs. 19%%) (all p < .001) compared with baseline; and significantly improved GCS psychological, somatic, and vasomotor domain scores and ISI sleep disturbance scores (all p < .05). CIC significantly reduced systolic (p = .022) and diastolic blood pressure (p < .001), and heart rate (p < .001); glucose concentrations (p = .018), HOMA index (p = .013), and ALT (p = .035), homocysteine (p = .005) and NT-proBNP (p = .003) levels. CONCLUSIONS Long-term CIC therapy improved vasomotor symptoms, mood disorders, sleep disorders, hemodynamic measurements and cardiometabolic risk markers in healthy postmenopausal women. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV IDENTIFIER NCT03699150.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Maffei
- Department of Cardiovascular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gynecological and Cardiovascular Endocrinology Unit, "Gabriele Monasterio Foundation" and Italian National Research Council (CNR) Pisa, Italy
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12
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Ichinose K, Tateyama-Makino R, Miyajima A, Morishita S, Iwamoto T, Yamamoto Y. Decreased Frequency of Mental Workload-Induced Subjective Hot Flashes Through Gum Massage: An Open-Label, Self-Controlled Crossover Trial. WOMEN'S HEALTH REPORTS 2022; 3:335-343. [PMID: 35415716 PMCID: PMC8994437 DOI: 10.1089/whr.2021.0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Hot flashes, a symptom of menopause, can decrease women's quality of life. Sympathetic nervous system activation has been identified as an important factor in the occurrence of hot flashes. Given that somatosensory stimulation of the oral cavity can affect autonomic nervous activity, we aimed to investigate the possibility that somatosensory stimulation of the gums (i.e., gum massage) could improve hot flashes. Materials and Methods: Nineteen women experiencing at least one hot flash per day were instructed to perform a gum massage on themselves before undertaking mental workload, using arithmetic task, and the frequency of hot flashes experienced during this task was measured. Changes in autonomic nervous activity were assessed based on heart rate variability. Results: Massage conditions promoted a significantly lower arithmetic task-induced hot flash frequency compared with nonmassage conditions (p < 0.05). During gum massage, the ratio between low and high frequency (LF/HF) values decreased significantly under massage conditions compared with nonmassage conditions (p < 0.01). During the arithmetic task, the gum massage-induced reduction in LF/HF, which changed from baseline, was significantly correlated with the gum massage-induced reduction in hot flash frequency. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that gum massage can reduce the subjective frequency of hot flashes over a certain period under mental workload. Our study also indicates that gum massage can potentially decrease sympathetic nerve activity, which is known to be involved in the occurrence of hot flashes. Clinical Trial Registration number 328 (the institutional review board of Lion Corporation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Ichinose
- Research & Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Asami Miyajima
- Research & Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Morishita
- Research & Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taku Iwamoto
- Research & Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukio Yamamoto
- Research & Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Takeda T, Chiba Y. Evaluation of a natural S-equol supplement in treating premenstrual symptoms and the effect of the gut microbiota: An open-label pilot study. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2022; 42:127-134. [PMID: 35128842 PMCID: PMC9216369 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Premenstrual syndrome causes disturbances in many women's daily activities. Isoflavones might cause changes in the estrogen cycle by their selective estrogen receptor modulator-like activities. Equol, which is a metabolite of a soy isoflavone, has greater biological activity than other soy isoflavones. In this preliminary study, we aimed to examine the effect of a natural S-equol supplement (SE5-OH) on premenstrual symptoms. The gut microbiota has recently been suggested to play an important role in brain function in psychiatric disease, such as depression. Therefore, we further aimed to evaluate the relationship of the effect of SE5-OH and the gut microbiota at preintervention. METHODS Twenty women who showed premenstrual symptoms and were nonequol producers were enrolled in an open-label, single-arm, clinical study in which they received oral SE5-OH for two period cycles. The Daily Record of Severity of Problems (DRSP) total score was evaluated during the intervention cycles. Before taking SE5-OH, fecal samples were obtained and subjected to terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. RESULTS The response rate to treatment (≥50% reduction from baseline in the DRSP total score) was 10.5%. Post hoc analysis showed a significant improvement in the change in the DRSP total score (P = .008) and DRSP scores for four core premenstrual dysphoric disorder symptoms. Multiple regression analysis showed that the percentage improvement of the DRSP total score was positively related to Bifidobacterium and negatively related to Clostridium cluster IV. CONCLUSION SE5-OH supplementation may be an acceptable treatment for premenstrual symptoms. The intestinal microbiota may have an effect on SE5-OH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Takeda
- Division of Women's Health, Research Institute of Traditional Asian Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Chiba
- Clinical Research Center, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
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ERβ and Inflammation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1390:213-225. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-11836-4_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Iglesias-Aguirre CE, Cortés-Martín A, Ávila-Gálvez MÁ, Giménez-Bastida JA, Selma MV, González-Sarrías A, Espín JC. Main drivers of (poly)phenol effects on human health: metabolite production and/or gut microbiota-associated metabotypes? Food Funct 2021; 12:10324-10355. [PMID: 34558584 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02033a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite the high human interindividual variability in response to (poly)phenol consumption, the cause-and-effect relationship between some dietary (poly)phenols (flavanols and olive oil phenolics) and health effects (endothelial function and prevention of LDL oxidation, respectively) has been well established. Most of the variables affecting this interindividual variability have been identified (food matrix, gut microbiota, single-nucleotide-polymorphisms, etc.). However, the final drivers for the health effects of (poly)phenol consumption have not been fully identified. At least partially, these drivers could be (i) the (poly)phenols ingested that exert their effect in the gastrointestinal tract, (ii) the bioavailable metabolites that exert their effects systemically and/or (iii) the gut microbial ecology associated with (poly)phenol metabolism (i.e., gut microbiota-associated metabotypes). However, statistical associations between health effects and the occurrence of circulating and/or excreted metabolites, as well as cross-sectional studies that correlate gut microbial ecologies and health, do not prove a causal role unequivocally. We provide a critical overview and perspective on the possible main drivers of the effects of (poly)phenols on human health and suggest possible actions to identify the putative actors responsible for the effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E Iglesias-Aguirre
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Adrián Cortés-Martín
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - María Á Ávila-Gálvez
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (IBET), Apartado 12, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Juan A Giménez-Bastida
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - María V Selma
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Antonio González-Sarrías
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
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16
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Shinohara C, Ito K, Takamatsu K, Ogawa M, Kajii Y, Nohno K, Sugano A, Funayama S, Katakura A, Nomura T, Inoue M. Factors associated with xerostomia in perimenopausal women. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2021; 47:3661-3668. [PMID: 34355462 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Various oral symptoms, including xerostomia and burning mouth syndrome, may occur in menopausal women. These symptoms reduce quality of life (QOL). However, the actual condition of xerostomia after menopause is not clear. The purpose of this study was to reveal the factors associated with xerostomia in perimenopausal women. METHODS Participants included 118 outpatients (mean age, 49.9 ± 3.2 years; range, 45-55 years) at a department of gynecology in Japan. Information was collected concerning age, medical history, medications, menstrual status, and history of treatment for climacteric symptoms. Oral symptoms, including xerostomia were evaluated with a 3-point scale. The climacteric symptom checklist for Japanese women and 36-Item Short-Form Health were used to evaluate climacteric symptoms and QOL, respectively. In addition, the volume of unstimulated saliva, oral moisture, salivary α-amylase, chromogranin A, and 17-β estradiol were measured. RESULTS Higher age, the total number of medications, psychotropic drug, hormone replacement therapy, treatment for climacteric symptoms, sticky mouth, burning sensation of tongue, dryness of nose and 14 of the 21 climacteric symptoms significantly affected xerostomia. In addition, treatment for climacteric symptoms, fall asleep but often awake at night, headaches and dryness of nose were significantly associated with xerostomia. In conclusion, xerostomia is closely associated to factors such as treatment for climacteric symptoms and certain menopausal symptoms, and it may be related to QOL in perimenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chizuko Shinohara
- Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo School of Nursing, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kayoko Ito
- Oral Rehabilitation, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takamatsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mariko Ogawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Kaname Nohno
- Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Aki Sugano
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Tokyo Dental Junior College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saori Funayama
- Oral Rehabilitation, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akira Katakura
- Department of Oral Pathological Science and Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nomura
- Department of Oral Oncology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Makoto Inoue
- Division of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Oral Rehabilitation, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, Japan
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17
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Taga T, Ito K, Takamatsu K, Ogawa M, Funayama S, Inoue M. Menopausal symptoms are associated with oral sensory complaints in perimenopausal women: an observational study. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2021; 21:262. [PMID: 34193118 PMCID: PMC8243452 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-021-01401-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Perimenopausal women experience a wide variety of systemic symptoms: hot flashes, sweating, mental health concerns and various oral sensory complaints (OSC). OSC in perimenopausal women include xerostomia, taste disturbance and burning mouth. However, the factors associated with these OSC have not been identified. The purpose of this investigation was to elucidate the factors associated with OSC in perimenopausal women. Methods The study cohort comprised 43 perimenopausal women aged 45–55 years. Data on medical history, medications, menstrual status, menopausal symptoms, quality of life, xerostomia, taste disturbance and burning mouth were collected. Volumes of unstimulated and stimulated saliva were measured. Tongue coating was evaluated according to a tongue coating index. Univariate analysis was performed to identify factors significantly associated with having xerostomia, taste disturbance, burning mouth and more than two OSC (2OSC). Next, the factors strongly associated with these symptoms were examined by logistic regression analysis. Results The number of menopausal symptoms was significantly higher, and volume of unstimulated saliva was significantly lower in participants with xerostomia, taste disturbance, burning mouth or 2OSC than in those without these characteristics. Agents targeting the central nervous system were more frequently taken by participants with burning mouth and 2OSC than by those without these characteristics. According to logistic regression analysis, the number of menopausal symptoms was an explanatory variable for xerostomia, taste disturbance, burning mouth and 2OSC. Conclusions Our findings suggested that OSC associated with the number of menopausal symptoms. Management of menopausal symptoms may decrease OSC, leading to improved quality of life of perimenopausal women. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12905-021-01401-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoharu Taga
- Division of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Dental Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fukui Prefectural Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Kayoko Ito
- Oral Rehabilitation, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, 1-754 Asahimachi-dori, Chuou-ku, Niigata, 951-8520, Japan.
| | - Kiyoshi Takamatsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mariko Ogawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Saori Funayama
- Oral Rehabilitation, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, 1-754 Asahimachi-dori, Chuou-ku, Niigata, 951-8520, Japan
| | - Makoto Inoue
- Division of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Oral Rehabilitation, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, 1-754 Asahimachi-dori, Chuou-ku, Niigata, 951-8520, Japan
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Abdi F, Rahnemaei FA, Roozbeh N, Pakzad R. Impact of phytoestrogens on treatment of urogenital menopause symptoms: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2021; 261:222-235. [PMID: 33962824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Menopause symptoms affect the various dimensions of women's lives and they can lead to reduction of their quality of life. Phytoestrogens can be used as an approach to diminish these symptoms. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effect of phytoestrogens on the treatment of urogenital menopause symptoms. STUDY DESIGN PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane library,Scopus and ProQuest were systematically searched from 2000-2020. All randomized clinical trials were included. The quality of the selected papers was evaluated by the CONSORT checklist. RESULTS 33 eligible high-quality papers were reviewed. Various forms of phytoestrogens such as Pueraria Mirifica, fennel, Hop plant(Humuluslupulus L.), Glycine Max (L.) Merr, soy, red clover, black cohosh, ginsing, cimicifugaracemosa, genistein, diadzein, glycitein and isoflavone in the form of oral capsules and pill, food supplement, enriched powder, vaginal gel, cream and suppository could improve menopausal urogenital symptoms. The recovery rate in vaginal use of these phytoestrogens was greater than other consumptions. CONCLUSIONS After using a variety of phytoestrogens in different forms indicators of urogenital atrophy and urinary disorders improved and women's sexual function improved after treatment. The use of phytoestrogens as a safe, low-risk compared to hormone therapy and almost accessible method for women can relieve urogenital symptoms and promote the sexual satisfaction and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Abdi
- Assistant Professor, School of nursing and midwifery, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Alsadat Rahnemaei
- Student Research Committee, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nasibeh Roozbeh
- Mother and Child Welfare Research Center, Hormozgan Universiy of Medical Sciences, BandarAbbas, Iran
| | - Reza Pakzad
- Faculty of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Investigate the Effects of Kamishoyosan, a Traditional Japanese Medicine, on Menopausal Symptoms: The KOSMOS Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:8856149. [PMID: 33727945 PMCID: PMC7935592 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8856149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective The KOSMOS study, a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, investigated the effects and safety of kamishoyosan (TJ-24), a traditional Japanese medicine, in the treatment of climacteric disorder. Methods Japanese women with climacteric disorder were administered a placebo during a 4-week run-in period, after which they were classified as placebo responders (R group) if their score on the modified Questionnaire for the Assessment of Climacteric Symptoms in Japanese Women (m-QACS) with excitability and irritability as the primary outcome improved by ≥ 3 points and as placebo nonresponders (NR group) otherwise. Members of the NR group were randomly allocated to receive either TJ-24 or placebo. After 12 weeks, their m-QACS scores, anxiety and depression, sleep, and overall quality of life (QOL) were compared. Results The TJ-24 and placebo arms in the NR group included 20 patients each. The change in the m-QACS scores of members of the NR group for excitability and irritability at 12 weeks versus baseline was –3.1 ± 1.7 in the TJ-24 arm, a significant decrease, but compared with –2.7 ± 2.2 in the placebo arm, no significant difference was between two arms. However, the proportion of participants whose score improved by ≥3 points was significantly higher in the TJ-24 arm. In the subgroup analysis of premenopausal women, the changes in the score for excitability and irritability were significantly larger in the TJ-24 arm. The incidence of adverse drug reactions or adverse events did not differ between the two arms, and no serious events were reported. Conclusion Although no significant difference was identified for the primary outcome, a significantly higher proportion of patients who received TJ-24 displayed improvement. Its high level of safety and effects on excitability and irritability in premenopausal women suggest that TJ-24 may be a useful treatment.
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20
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Effects of Chlorogenic Acids on Menopausal Symptoms in Healthy Women: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group Trial. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123757. [PMID: 33297409 PMCID: PMC7762261 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A reduction in estrogen levels in the perimenopausal and postmenopausal periods causes various symptoms in women, such as hot flushes, sweats, depression, anxiety, and insomnia. Chlorogenic acids (CGAs), which are phenolic compounds widely present in plants such as coffee beans, have various physiological functions. However, the effects of CGAs on menopausal symptoms are unknown. To examine the effects of CGAs on menopausal symptoms, especially hot flushes, a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group trial was conducted in healthy women. Eighty-two subjects were randomized and assigned to receive CGAs (270 mg) tablets or the placebo for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks of intake, the number of hot flushes, the severity of hot flushes during sleep, and the severity of daytime sweats decreased significantly in the CGA group compared to the placebo group. The modified Kupperman index for menopausal symptoms decreased significantly after 2 weeks in the CGA group compared to the placebo group. Adverse effects caused by CGAs were not observed. The results show that continuous intake of CGAs resulted in improvements in menopausal symptoms, especially hot flushes, in healthy women.
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21
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Complete Genome Sequence of Adlercreutzia sp. Strain 8CFCBH1, a Potent Producer of Equol, Isolated from Healthy Japanese Feces. Microbiol Resour Announc 2020; 9:9/49/e01240-20. [PMID: 33273007 PMCID: PMC7714862 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01240-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the complete genome sequence of Adlercreutzia sp. strain 8CFCBH1, which was isolated from a Japanese fecal sample. The genome analysis revealed that the 8CFCBH1 strain potentially produces (S)-equol. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of Adlercreutzia sp. strain 8CFCBH1, which was isolated from a Japanese fecal sample. The genome analysis revealed that the 8CFCBH1 strain potentially produces (S)-equol.
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Petrine JCP, Del Bianco-Borges B. The influence of phytoestrogens on different physiological and pathological processes: An overview. Phytother Res 2020; 35:180-197. [PMID: 32780464 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Functional foods have nutritional properties and organic functions, which are beneficial to health. Certain types of functional food components are so-called phytoestrogens, non-steroidal compounds derived from the metabolism of precursors contained in plants, which originate secondary metabotypes known to induce biological responses and by mimicry or modulating the action of endogenous estrogen. These molecules are involved in several physiological and pathological processes related to reproduction, bone remodeling, skin, cardiovascular, nervous, immune systems, and metabolism. This review aimed to present an overview of phytoestrogens regarding their chemical structure, actions, and effects in the organism given several pathologies. Several studies have demonstrated beneficial phytoestrogen actions, such as lipid profile improvement, cognitive function, menopause, oxidative stress, among others. Phytoestrogens effects are not completely elucidated, being necessary future research to understand the exact action mechanisms, whether they are via estrogen receptor or whether other hidden mechanisms produce these effects. Thus, this review makes a general approach to the phytoestrogen actions, beneficial effects, risk and limitations. However, the complexities of biological effects after ingestion of phytoestrogens and the differences in their metabolism and bioavailability indicate that interpretation of either risk or benefits needs to be made with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica C P Petrine
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Brasil
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Effects of Kamishoyosan, a Traditional Japanese Medicine, on Menopausal Symptoms: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Clinical Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:9285317. [PMID: 32733592 PMCID: PMC7369656 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9285317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective Kampo medicine, a traditional Japanese medicine, is widely used in Japan, especially in the field of menopause medicine. However, few studies have shown evidence-based effects. This study aimed to confirm the effects of kamishoyosan on menopausal symptoms with a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Methods Subjects were randomly allocated to groups that received either kamishoyosan (n = 101) or a placebo resembling kamishoyosan (n = 104). The primary outcomes were the change in the number of hot flashes, depression scores, improvements of anxiety, quality of life (QOL), and menopausal symptoms before and 4 and 8 weeks after initiation of treatment with the study drug. The secondary outcome was drug safety. Results After 8 weeks, the number of hot flashes decreased after treatment in both groups, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. The changes in SDS scores showed the same results. Moreover, no significant differences were observed between the two groups in assessments with the STAI, SF-36, and JSOG menopausal index. No serious adverse effect was reported. Conclusions This first placebo-controlled double-blind randomized trial with kamishoyosan demonstrated that it was safe and had some effects on climacteric symptoms, but not significant compared with placebo. Some problems, such as placebo effects, in the study of Kampo therapy for menopausal symptoms, were revealed. This trial is registered with the trial registration number. UMIN 000006042.
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24
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The effect of a randomized 12-week soy drink intervention on everyday mood in postmenopausal women. Menopause 2020; 26:867-873. [PMID: 30889093 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dietary soy may improve menopausal symptoms, and subsequently mediate mood. This novel study examines various doses of dietary soy drink on everyday mood stability and variability in postmenopausal women. METHODS Community-dwelling women (n = 101), within 7 years postmenopause, consumed daily either a low (10 mg, n = 35), medium (35 mg, n = 37), or high (60 mg, n = 29) dose of isoflavones, for 12 weeks. Menopausal symptoms and repeated measures of everyday mood (positive [PA] and negative [NA] affect) (assessed at four time points per day for 4 consecutive days, using The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule) were completed at baseline and follow-up. RESULTS The dietary soy intervention had no effect on everyday mood stability (for PA [F{2,70} = 0.95, P = 0.390] and NA [F{2,70} = 0.72, P = 0.489]) or variability (for PA [F{2,70} = 0.21, P = 0.807] and for NA [F{2,70} = 0.15, P = 0.864]), or on menopausal symptoms (for vasomotor [F{2,89} = 2.83, P = 0.064], psychological [F{2,88} = 0.63, P = 0.535], somatic [F{2,89} = 0.32, P = 0.729], and total menopausal symptoms [F{2,86} = 0.79, P = 0.458]). There were between-group differences with the medium dose reporting higher PA (low, mean 24.2, SD 6; and medium, mean 29.7, SD 6) and the low dose reporting higher NA (P = 0. 048) (low, mean 11.6, SD 2; and high, mean 10.6, SD 1) in mood scores. Psychological (baseline M = 18 and follow-up M = 16.5) and vasomotor (baseline M = 4.2 and follow-up M = 3.6) scores declined from baseline to follow-up for the overall sample. CONCLUSIONS Soy isoflavones had no effect on mood at any of the doses tested. Future research should focus on the menopause transition from peri to postmenopause as there may be a window of vulnerability, with fluctuating hormones and increased symptoms which may affect mood.
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Franco PC, Simões RS, Carbonel AAF, Sasso GRDS, Florencio-Silva R, Baracat EC, Girão MBC, Soares Júnior JM, Simões MDJ. The influence of phytoestrogens or estrogens on the proliferation of the rat endocervical mucosa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 66:174-179. [PMID: 32428152 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.66.2.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although estrogen therapy is widely used against post-menopausal symptoms, it can present adverse effects, including endometrial cancer. Soy isoflavones are considered a possible alternative to estrogen therapy. However, there are still concerns whether isoflavones exert trophic effects on the uterine cervix. To evaluate the histomorphometric and immunohistochemical alterations in the uterine cervix of ovariectomized rats treated with soy isoflavones (Iso). METHODS Fifteen adult Wistar rats were ovariectomized (Ovx) and divided into three groups: Group I (Ovx), administered with vehicle solution; Group II (OVX-Iso), administered with concentrated extract of Iso (150 mg/kg) by gavage; and Group III (OVX-E2), treated with 17β-estradiol (10 µg/kg), subcutaneously. After 30 days of treatments, the uterine cervix was fixed in 10% formaldehyde and processed for paraffin-embedding. Sections were stained with Hematoxylin and eosin for morphological and morphometric studies or subjected to immunohistochemistry for detections of Ki-67 and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (Vegf-A). The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis (p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS We noted an atrophic uterine cervix in GI, whereas it was more voluminous in GII and even more voluminous in GIII. The thickness of the cervical mucosa was significantly higher in GIII, as compared to GI and GII. The cell proliferation (Ki-67) was significantly elevated in the estradiol and isoflavones treated groups, whereas Vegf-A immunoexpression was significantly higher in GIII, as compared to groups GII and GI. CONCLUSIONS Soy isoflavones cause less trophic and proliferative effects in the uterine cervix of rats as compared to estrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Celso Franco
- . Departamento de Morfologia e Genética - Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo - EPM/Unifesp - São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Ricardo Santos Simões
- . Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - FMUSP - São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Adriana Aparecida Ferraz Carbonel
- . Departamento de Morfologia e Genética - Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo - EPM/Unifesp - São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Gisela Rodrigues da Silva Sasso
- . Departamento de Ginecologia - Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo - EPM/Unifesp - São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Rinaldo Florencio-Silva
- . Departamento de Morfologia e Genética - Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo - EPM/Unifesp - São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Edmund Chada Baracat
- . Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - FMUSP - São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Manoel Batista Castello Girão
- . Departamento de Ginecologia - Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo - EPM/Unifesp - São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - José Maria Soares Júnior
- . Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - FMUSP - São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Manuel de Jesus Simões
- . Departamento de Morfologia e Genética - Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo - EPM/Unifesp - São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Cortés-Martín A, Selma MV, Tomás-Barberán FA, González-Sarrías A, Espín JC. Where to Look into the Puzzle of Polyphenols and Health? The Postbiotics and Gut Microbiota Associated with Human Metabotypes. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e1900952. [PMID: 32196920 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The full consensus on the role of dietary polyphenols as human-health-promoting compounds remains elusive. The two-way interaction between polyphenols and gut microbiota (GM) (i.e., modulation of GM by polyphenols and their catabolism by the GM) is determinant in polyphenols' effects. The identification of human metabotypes associated with a differential gut microbial metabolism of polyphenols has opened new research scenarios to explain the inter-individual variability upon polyphenols consumption. The metabotypes unequivocally identified so far are those involved in the metabolism of isoflavones (equol and(or) O-desmethylangolesin producers versus non-producers) and ellagic acid (urolithin metabotypes, including producers of only urolithin-A (UM-A), producers of urolithin-A, isourolithin-A, and urolithin-B (UM-B), and non-producers (UM-0)). In addition, the microbial metabolites (phenolic-derived postbiotics) such as equol, urolithins, valerolactones, enterolactone, and enterodiol, and 8-prenylnaringenin, among others, can exert differential health effects. The knowledge is updated and position is taken here on i) the two-way interaction between GM and polyphenols, ii) the evidence between phenolic-derived postbiotics and health, iii) the role of metabotypes as biomarkers of GM and the clustering of individuals depending on their metabotypes (metabotyping) to explain polyphenols' effects, and iv) the gut microbial metabolism of catecholamines to illustrate the intersection between personalized nutrition and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Cortés-Martín
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - María Victoria Selma
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Francisco Abraham Tomás-Barberán
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Antonio González-Sarrías
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
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Monti M, Capone C, Schiavi MC, Di Tucci C, Giannini A, D’Oria O, Prata G, Di Pinto A, Di Donato V, Piccioni MG, Muzii L, Benedetti Panici P. New medical device containing verbascoside, carrageenan and glycerophosphoinositol for the treatment of dyspareunia in reproductive age women: A prospective observational study. Eur J Integr Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2020.101107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Iliodromiti S, Wang W, Lumsden MA, Hunter MS, Bell R, Mishra G, Hickey M. Variation in menopausal vasomotor symptoms outcomes in clinical trials: a systematic review. BJOG 2019; 127:320-333. [PMID: 31621155 PMCID: PMC6972542 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.15990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is substantial variation in how menopausal vasomotor symptoms are reported and measured among intervention studies. This has prevented meaningful comparisons between treatments and limited data synthesis. OBJECTIVES To review systematically the outcome reporting and measures used to assess menopausal vasomotor symptoms from randomised controlled trials of treatments. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to May 2018. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials with a primary outcome of menopausal vasomotor symptoms in women and a sample size of at least 20 women per study arm. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Data about study characteristics, primary vasomotor-related outcomes and methods of measuring them. MAIN RESULTS The search identified 5591 studies, 214 of which were included. Forty-nine different primary reported outcomes were identified for vasomotor symptoms and 16 different tools had been used to measure these outcomes. The most commonly reported outcomes were frequency (97/214), severity (116/214), and intensity (28/114) of vasomotor symptoms or a composite of these outcomes (68/214). There was little consistency in how the frequency and severity/intensity of vasomotor symptoms were defined. CONCLUSIONS There is substantial variation in how menopausal vasomotor symptoms have been reported and measured in treatment trials. Future studies should include standardised outcome measures which reflect the priorities of patients, clinicians, and researchers. This is most effectively achieved through the development of a Core Outcome Set. This systematic review is the first step towards development of a Core Outcome Set for menopausal vasomotor symptoms. TWEETABLE SUMMARY Menopausal hot flushes and night sweats have been reported in 49 different ways in clinical research. A core outcome set is urgently required.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Iliodromiti
- Women's Health Division, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University London, London, UK.,School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - W Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - M A Lumsden
- School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - M S Hunter
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - R Bell
- Women's Health Research Program, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - G Mishra
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - M Hickey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne and The Royal Women's Hospital, Victoria, Australia
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Mayo B, Vázquez L, Flórez AB. Equol: A Bacterial Metabolite from The Daidzein Isoflavone and Its Presumed Beneficial Health Effects. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2231. [PMID: 31527435 PMCID: PMC6770660 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological data suggest that regular intake of isoflavones from soy reduces the incidence of estrogen-dependent and aging-associated disorders, such as menopause symptoms in women, osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Equol, produced from daidzein, is the isoflavone-derived metabolite with the greatest estrogenic and antioxidant activity. Consequently, equol has been endorsed as having many beneficial effects on human health. The conversion of daidzein into equol takes place in the intestine via the action of reductase enzymes belonging to incompletely characterized members of the gut microbiota. While all animal species analyzed so far produce equol, only between one third and one half of human subjects (depending on the community) are able to do so, ostensibly those that harbor equol-producing microbes. Conceivably, these subjects might be the only ones who can fully benefit from soy or isoflavone consumption. This review summarizes current knowledge on the microorganisms involved in, the genetic background to, and the biochemical pathways of, equol biosynthesis. It also outlines the results of recent clinical trials and meta-analyses on the effects of equol on different areas of human health and discusses briefly its presumptive mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baltasar Mayo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Lucía Vázquez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Ana Belén Flórez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
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Johnson A, Roberts L, Elkins G. Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Menopause. J Evid Based Integr Med 2019; 24:2515690X19829380. [PMID: 30868921 PMCID: PMC6419242 DOI: 10.1177/2515690x19829380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Menopause is associated with problematic symptoms, including hot flashes, sleep problems, mood disorders, sexual dysfunction, weight gain, and declines in cognitive functioning. Many women seek complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for symptom management. This article critically reviews the existing literature on CAM treatments most commonly used for menopausal symptoms. Electronic searches were conducted to identify relevant, English-language literature published through March 2017. Results indicate that mind and body practices may be of benefit in reducing stress and bothersomeness of some menopausal symptoms. In particular, hypnosis is a mind-body intervention that has consistently shown to have a clinically significant effect on reducing hot flashes. Evidence is mixed in regard to the efficacy of natural products and there are some safety concerns. Health care providers should consider the evidence on CAM in providing an integrative health approach to menopausal symptom management.
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Peirotén Á, Bravo D, Landete JM. Bacterial metabolism as responsible of beneficial effects of phytoestrogens on human health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:1922-1937. [PMID: 31161778 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1622505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Phytoestrogens (PE) are compounds found in plants such as soy (isoflavones), flax seeds and cereals (lignans) and pomegranates (ellagitannins). PE have shown estrogenic/antiestrogenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic and apoptotic activities. The human studies are showing promising although inconsistent results about the beneficial effects of PE on ameliorating the menopausal symptoms or reducing the risk of certain cancers, cardiovascular disease or diabetes. The effects of PE on the organism are mediated by the intestinal microbiota, which transforms them into bioactive PE such as genistein, equol, enterolignans and certain urolithins. In this work, we review the most recent findings about the bacteria able to metabolize PE, together with the latest studies on the effects of PE on health. In addition, we describe the possible factors hindering the demonstration of the beneficial effect of PE on health, evincing the importance of measuring the actual circulating PE in order to encompass the variability of PE metabolism due to the intestinal microbiota. With this in mind, we also explore an approach to ensure the access to bioactive PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Peirotén
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Bravo
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Landete
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
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Consumption of a soy drink has no effect on cognitive function but may alleviate vasomotor symptoms in post-menopausal women; a randomised trial. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:755-766. [PMID: 30863894 PMCID: PMC7058672 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-01942-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cognitive decline is commonly reported during the menopausal transition, with memory and attention being particularly affected. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a commercially available soy drink on cognitive function and menopausal symptoms in post-menopausal women. METHODS 101 post-menopausal women, aged 44-63 years, were randomly assigned to consume a volume of soy drink providing a low (10 mg/day; control group), medium (35 mg/day), or high (60 mg/day) dose of isoflavones for 12 weeks. Cognitive function (spatial working memory, spatial span, pattern recognition memory, 5-choice reaction time, and match to sample visual search) was assessed using CANTAB pre- and post-the 12 week intervention. Menopausal symptoms were assessed using Greene's Climacteric Scale. RESULTS No significant differences were observed between the groups for any of the cognitive function outcomes measured. Soy drink consumption had no effect on menopausal symptoms overall; however, when women were stratified according to the severity of vasomotor symptoms (VMS) at baseline, women with more severe symptoms at baseline in the medium group had a significant reduction (P = 0.001) in VMS post-intervention (mean change from baseline score: - 2.15 ± 1.73) in comparison to those with less severe VMS (mean change from baseline score: 0.06 ± 1.21). CONCLUSIONS Soy drink consumption had no effect on cognitive function in post-menopausal women. Consumption of ~ 350 ml/day (35 mg IFs) for 12 weeks significantly reduced VMS in those with more severe symptoms at baseline. This finding is clinically relevant as soy drinks may provide an alternative, natural, treatment for alleviating VMS, highly prevalent among western women.
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Daily JW, Ko BS, Ryuk J, Liu M, Zhang W, Park S. Equol Decreases Hot Flashes in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. J Med Food 2019; 22:127-139. [PMID: 30592686 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2018.4265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Soy isoflavones may benefit some, but not all, menopausal women, and the ability of the women to produce equol may be the major determinant of effectiveness. We assessed the efficacy of soy isoflavones and equol for alleviating menopausal symptoms, especially vasomotor symptoms, in postmenopausal women who were equol producers and nonproducers by using systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs). We searched 12 English, Korean, and Chinese language scientific and medical databases. We selected all available RCTs that assessed the effect of equol, either equol itself or soy isoflavone in equol producers, on menopausal symptoms in peri- or postmenopausal women. The primary outcome was the effect on hot flashes. The severity of hot flashes was determined by the scores, and sensitivity and risk of bias analyses were conducted. Other outcomes of the review, but not meta-analysis, included depression and adverse events. Six studies (779 total subjects) met all criteria for the systematic review, 5 of those could be included in the meta-analysis (728 total subjects). Two studies included in the meta-analysis reported no statistically significant benefits of equol; the other three did report significant benefits of equol. Meta-analysis revealed a significant benefit of equol for lowering hot flash scores and revealed a generally low risk of bias. In conclusion, this study found that supplementing equol to equol nonproducers significantly lowered the incidence and/or severity of hot flashes in menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Daily
- 1 Department of R&D, Daily Manufacturing, Inc. , Rockwell, North Carolina, USA
| | - Byoung-Seob Ko
- 2 Korean Medicine Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine , Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jina Ryuk
- 2 Korean Medicine Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine , Daejeon, Korea
| | - Meiling Liu
- 3 Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Basic Science, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University , Asan, South Korea
| | - Weijun Zhang
- 3 Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Basic Science, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University , Asan, South Korea
| | - Sunmin Park
- 3 Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Basic Science, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University , Asan, South Korea
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Hashimoto T, Nozawa D, Mukai K, Matsuyama A, Kuramochi K, Furuya T. Monooxygenase-catalyzed regioselective hydroxylation for the synthesis of hydroxyequols. RSC Adv 2019; 9:21826-21830. [PMID: 35518870 PMCID: PMC9066559 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03913a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A one-step product-selective approach for synthesizing hydroxyequols from equol using oxidation biocatalysts was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Hashimoto
- Department of Applied Biological Science
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Tokyo University of Science
- Noda
- Japan
| | - Daiki Nozawa
- Department of Applied Biological Science
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Tokyo University of Science
- Noda
- Japan
| | | | | | - Kouji Kuramochi
- Department of Applied Biological Science
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Tokyo University of Science
- Noda
- Japan
| | - Toshiki Furuya
- Department of Applied Biological Science
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Tokyo University of Science
- Noda
- Japan
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Smieško G. Infection of urinary tract in menopausal women. SANAMED 2019. [DOI: 10.24125/sanamed.v14i2.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary infections are, by frequency, in the second place, immediately behind respiratory infections. The prevalence of urinary tract infections is generally increasing. UTI (urinary tract infections) is more common in women and very young people. The rates of occurrence generally reflect predisposing factors such as congenital anomalies in childhood, the onset of sexual activity, especially in women, and, of course, postmenopausal changes in older women. It is assumed that 50-60% of women can expect an episode of urinary infection during their lifetime. In postmenopausal women, there is a deficit in estrogen. It is one of the important factors that indirectly protects the vaginal mucous membranes as well as the uroepitel from infection. Bacteria from the digestive tract colonize the skin of the perineum, then the vulva, the vagina and the outer opening of the urethra. Normal vaginal flora (lactobacilli) protects the vagina from colonization by fecal bacteria because it lowers pH and creates unfavorable conditions for survival of bacteria.
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Ribeiro AE, Monteiro NES, Moraes AVGD, Costa-Paiva LH, Pedro AO. Can the use of probiotics in association with isoflavone improve the symptoms of genitourinary syndrome of menopause? Results from a randomized controlled trial. Menopause 2018; 26:643-652. [PMID: 30531444 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of isoflavone administration, either in conjunction with probiotic use or not, on the symptoms of genitourinary syndrome of menopause, and compare the effects with those of hormone therapy. METHODS A randomized clinical trial was conducted on 60 postmenopausal women aged 40 to 60 years, randomly assigned to receive oral isoflavone (150 mg dry extract of glycine max) alone or isoflavone plus probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactococcus lactis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and Bifidobacterium lactis) or hormone therapy (1 mg estradiol and 0.5 mg norethisterone acetate). The urogenital symptom subscale of the Menopause Rating Scale and International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form were used to assess genitourinary symptoms. Vaginal maturation value, pH, vaginal health score, and vaginal flora were used to evaluate vaginal atrophy. Equol, equol intermediate, O-dimethylangolensin, and aglycones were measured using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. RESULTS After 16 weeks of treatment, the urogenital symptoms, mainly vaginal dryness and sexual problem complaints, improved significantly in the hormone therapy group. There was a significant increase in the daidzein, glycitein, equol intermediate, and O-dimethylangolensin contents after 16 weeks in the isoflavone plus probiotic group. The maturation value, vaginal pH, and vaginal flora improved in the hormone therapy group. The vaginal health score increased in the isoflavone and hormone therapy groups. CONCLUSIONS Probiotics improved the metabolism of isoflavones after 16 weeks of treatment. However, the increase in the contents of isoflavones and their metabolites failed to yield an estrogenic effect on the urogenital tract and relieve the vulvovaginal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Elisa Ribeiro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP - Universidade Estadual de Campinas), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Takeda T, Shiina M, Chiba Y. Effectiveness of natural S-equol supplement for premenstrual symptoms: protocol of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e023314. [PMID: 30021756 PMCID: PMC6059334 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) comprises a range of mood, behavioural and physical symptoms, and impairs many women's quality of life. Isoflavones are expected to stabilise the natural fluctuation of the oestrogen cycle through their selective oestrogen receptor modulator-like activities that alleviate PMS symptoms. Equol, a metabolite of a soy isoflavone converted from daidzein by specific gut bacteria, has a greater bioavailability compared with other soy isoflavones. We aim to examine the effect of natural S-equol supplements on premenstrual symptoms. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This study will enrol 124 women (aged 20-45 years) who have PMS symptoms and are non-equol producers in a double-blind, parallel, randomised, placebo-controlled trial, in which they will receive natural S-equol supplement (equol 10 mg a day) or placebo, orally, twice daily, for three menstrual cycles. The primary outcome measure (Daily Record of Severity of Problems total score) will be assessed during intervention cycles. To compare the primary outcomes between the S-equol group and the placebo group, the mean differences in the Daily Record of Severity of Problems total score between the two groups will be determined. The p values will be determined using Student's t-test, where the significance level is 5% (two-sided). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The institutional review board at Kindai University approved the study. The findings of this trial will be submitted to an international peer-reviewed journal. Abstracts will be submitted to national and international conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER UMIN000031815.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Takeda
- Division of Women’s Health, Research Institute of Traditional Asian Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Masami Shiina
- Division of Women’s Health, Research Institute of Traditional Asian Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Chiba
- Clinical Research Center, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
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Li H, Mao S, Chen H, Zhu L, Liu W, Wang X, Yin Y. To Construct an Engineered ( S)-Equol Resistant E. coli for in Vitro ( S)-Equol Production. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1182. [PMID: 29915570 PMCID: PMC5994542 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
(S)-equol is one of the major metabolites of daidzein that is produced by human and animal gut bacteria. Most of the physiological functions of soybean isoflavones, such as anti-oxidative activity, anti-cancer activity, and cardiovascular protection have been ascribed to (S)-equol. However, only 30–50% people contain this kind of equol-producing bacteria, and therefore are able to convert daidzein to (S)-equol. Administration of (S)-equol may be more beneficial than soybean isoflavones. The aim of this study was to construct an engineered (S)-equol resistant Escherichia coli to enhance (S)-equol production in vitro. First, transposon mutagenesis libraries were constructed and screened to isolate the (S)-equol resistant mutant E. coli strain BL21 (ydiS) in order to overcome the inhibitory effects of (S)-equol on bacterial growth. Bacterial full genome scan sequencing and in vitro overexpression results revealed that the ydiS gene was responsible for this resistance. Second, the (S)-equol-producing genes L-dznr, L-ddrc, L-dhdr, and L-thdr of Lactococcus strain 20–92 were synthesized and cloned into compatible vectors, pETDuet-1 and pCDFDuet-1. These plasmids were subsequently transformed into BL21 (DE3) and its mutant BL21 (ydiS). Both engineered BL21 (DE3) and BL21 (ydiS) could use daidzein as substrate to produce (S)-equol under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions. As expected, engineered BL21 (ydiS) had faster growth rates than BL21 (DE3) when supplemented with high concentrations of (S)-equol. The yield and the daidzein utilization ratio were higher for engineered BL21 (ydiS). Interestingly, engineered BL21 (ydiS) was able to convert daidzein to (S)-equol efficiently under aerobic conditions, providing a convenient method for (S)-equol production in vitro. In addition, a two-step method was developed to produce (S)-equol using daidzin as substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Advantage Plants Resources in Hunan South, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Forestry Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Shaoming Mao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Forestry Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Huahai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Advantage Plants Resources in Hunan South, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yeshi Yin
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Advantage Plants Resources in Hunan South, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Therapeutic utility of natural estrogen receptor beta agonists on ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:50002-50014. [PMID: 28654894 PMCID: PMC5564823 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the deadliest of all gynecologic cancers. Despite success with initial chemotherapy, the majority of patients relapse with an incurable disease. Development of chemotherapy resistance is a major factor for poor long-term survival in ovarian cancer. The biological effects of estrogens are mediated by estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ). Emerging evidence suggests that ovarian cancer cells express ERβ that functions as a tumor suppressor; however, the clinical utility of ERβ agonists in ovarian cancer remains elusive. We tested the utility of two natural ERβ agonists liquiritigenin (Liq), which is isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis and S-equol, which is isolated from soy isoflavone daidzein, for treating ovarian cancer. Both natural ERβ ligands had significant growth inhibition in cell viability and survival assays, reduced migration and invasion, and promoted apoptosis. Further, ERβ agonists showed tumor suppressive functions in therapy-resistant ovarian cancer model cells and sensitized ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin and paclitaxel treatment. Global RNA-Seq analysis revealed that ERβ agonists modulate several tumor suppressive pathways, including downregulation of the NF-κB pathway. Immunoprecipitation assays revealed that ERβ interacts with p65 subunit of NF-κB and ERβ overexpression reduced the expression of NF-κB target genes. In xenograft assays, ERβ agonists reduced tumor growth and promoted apoptosis. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that natural ERβ agonists have the potential to significantly inhibit ovarian cancer cell growth by anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic actions, and natural ERβ agonists represent novel therapeutic agents for the management of ovarian cancer.
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Takeda T, Ueno T, Uchiyama S, Shiina M. Premenstrual symptoms interference and equol production status in Japanese collegiate athletes: A cross-sectional study. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2017; 44:488-494. [PMID: 29226551 PMCID: PMC5873425 DOI: 10.1111/jog.13552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aim Consumption of soy isoflavones reduces the risk of estrogen‐related diseases, such as menopausal symptoms, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular disease. Equol is metabolized from the isoflavone daidzein by intestinal bacteria and has higher bioavailability than other isoflavones. Equol producers are believed to benefit from soybean consumption to a greater extent than non‐producers. Recently, we showed that equol non‐producers were at significant risk of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Previously, we reported that PMS is a common menstrual problem in female athletes, and almost half of the studied athletes felt a negative effect of premenstrual symptoms on their athletic performance. This study was conducted to evaluate the relation between PMS and equol production status in Japanese collegiate athletes. Methods This was a cross‐sectional, observational study that included 88 Japanese female collegiate athletes. Equol production status was determined using urine samples collected after a soy challenge test. The subjects also completed a questionnaire about their premenstrual symptoms and their competitive career. Results The prevalence of equol producers was 29.5% in Japanese collegiate athletes. The athletic performance of 54.5% of athletes was found to suffer in competition or in practice due to premenstrual symptoms. In multivariate analysis, equol non‐producers (odds ratio, 3.34; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–12.20) and restriction of bodyweight (odds ratio, 4.94; 95% confidence interval, 1.47–20.00) were shown to be significant risk factors for poor athletic performance. Conclusion This study showed a relation between athletic performance and equol production status in Japanese collegiate athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Takeda
- Division of Women's Health, Research Institute of Traditional Asian Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomomi Ueno
- Saga Nutraceuticals Research Institute of Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Saga, Japan
| | - Shigeto Uchiyama
- Saga Nutraceuticals Research Institute of Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Saga, Japan
| | - Masami Shiina
- Division of Women's Health, Research Institute of Traditional Asian Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
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Abstract
This review summarizes the 2016 NAMS/Pfizer-Wulf H. Utian Endowed Lecture that focused on the history and basic science of soy isoflavones. Described is a personal perspective of the background and history that led to the current interest in soy and isoflavones with a specific focus on the role that soy isoflavones play in the health of postmenopausal women. This overview covers the metabolism and physiological behavior of isoflavones, their biological properties that are of potential relevance to aging, issues related to the safety of soy isoflavones, and the role of the important intestinally derived metabolite S-(-)equol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth D R Setchell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
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Villa P, Amar ID, Bottoni C, Cipolla C, Dinoi G, Moruzzi MC, Scambia G, Lanzone A. The impact of combined nutraceutical supplementation on quality of life and metabolic changes during the menopausal transition: a pilot randomized trial. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2017; 296:791-801. [PMID: 28852842 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-017-4491-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a combined nutraceutical supplement on symptoms and early metabolic alterations during the menopausal transition. This pilot randomized study was conducted at the service for menopause disorders of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy. METHODS Ninety women in menopausal transition who attended our service with menopausal symptoms were enrolled in the study. Sixty patients, randomly assigned to the treatment group, were prescribed one daily tablet of a combined nutraceutical compound with phytoestrogen substances, vitamins, micronutrients and passion flower herbal medicine for 6 months. Thirty patients did not receive any treatment and comprised the control group. The intensity of perimenopausal symptoms was assessed by the modified Kuppermann Index (KI) at enrollment and at 3 and 6 months of treatment. At baseline and at the end of the study, patients underwent a clinical evaluation, a pelvic ultrasound and analysis of blood samples. RESULTS In the nutraceutical supplemented group, a significant reduction in menopausal symptoms was demonstrated according to the KI after 3 and 6 months of supplementation (p < 0.01). The within-group analysis of different KI parameters in the treated group showed a significant improvement in hot flushes (p < 0.001), insomnia (p < 0.01), fatigue (p < 0.01) and irritability (p < 0.01). Metabolic parameters did not change significantly in the nutraceutical supplemented group. In the control group, total cholesterol level showed a significant increase (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Combined nutraceutical supplementation provides an effective and safe solution for early symptoms occurring during menopausal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Villa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
| | - Inbal D Amar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Bottoni
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Clelia Cipolla
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Dinoi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria C Moruzzi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Lanzone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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Moore TR, Franks RB, Fox C. Review of Efficacy of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Treatments for Menopausal Symptoms. J Midwifery Womens Health 2017; 62:286-297. [DOI: 10.1111/jmwh.12628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Davinelli S, Scapagnini G, Marzatico F, Nobile V, Ferrara N, Corbi G. Influence of equol and resveratrol supplementation on health-related quality of life in menopausal women: A randomized, placebo-controlled study. Maturitas 2016; 96:77-83. [PMID: 28041599 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to evaluate the effects of equol and resveratrol supplementation on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in otherwise healthy menopausal women with hot flashes, anxiety and depressive symptoms. METHODS Sixty recently menopausal women aged 50-55 years were randomized in a 12-week, placebo-controlled trial to receive 200mg of fermented soy containing 10mg of equol and 25mg of resveratrol (1 tablet/day). The primary outcome was the change in score on the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS), used to evaluate the severity of age-/menopause-related complaints. Additional outcome measures included the subject-reported score on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) and Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), which was used specifically to assess sleep quality. RESULTS The symptoms assessed by the MRS improved during treatment in the active group. Comparison between placebo and treatment groups revealed statistically significant improvement in particular for dryness of vagina (-85.7%) (p<0.001), heart discomfort (-78.8%; p<0.001) and sexual problems (-73.3%; p<0.001). On the HAM-D significant improvements at week 12 were seen in work and activities (-94.1%) (p<0.001). Subjects treated with equol and resveratrol also had significant differences in the sleep domain of the NHP (p<0.001). CONCLUSION These findings provide evidence that 12 weeks of dietary supplementation with equol and resveratrol may improve menopause-related quality of life in healthy women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Fulvio Marzatico
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Ferrara
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Graziamaria Corbi
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
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Liu ZM, Ho S, Hao YT, Chen YM, Woo J, Wong SYS, He Q, Xie YJ, Tse LA, Chen B, Su XF, Lao XQ, Wong C, Chan R, Ling WH. Randomised controlled trial of effect of whole soy replacement diet on features of metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women: study protocol. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e012741. [PMID: 27678545 PMCID: PMC5051416 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a public health problem in postmenopausal women. Whole soy foods are rich in unsaturated fats, high quality plant protein and various bioactive phytochemicals that may have a beneficial role in the management of MetS. The aim of the study is to examine the effect of whole soy replacement diet on the features of MetS among postmenopausal women. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This will be a 12-month, randomised, single-blind, parallel controlled trial among 208 postmenopausal women at risk of MetS or with early MetS. After 4 weeks' run-in, subjects will be randomly allocated to one of two intervention groups, whole soy replacement group or control group, each for 12 months. Subjects in the whole soy group will be required to include four servings of whole soy foods (containing 25 g soy protein) into their daily diet iso-calorically, replacing red or processed meat and high fat dairy products. Subjects in the control group will remain on a usual diet. The outcome measures will include metabolic parameters as well as a 10-year risk for ischaemic cardiovascular disease. We hypothesise that the whole soy substitution diet will notably improve features of MetS in postmenopausal women at risk of MetS or with early MetS. The study will have both theoretical and practical significance. If proven effective, the application of the whole soy replacement diet model will be a safe, practical and economical strategy for MetS prevention and treatment. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval has been obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Chinese University of Hong Kong. The results will be disseminated via conference presentations and papers in academic peer reviewed journals. Data files will be deposited in an accessible repository. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02610322.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-min Liu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Suzanne Ho
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yuan-tao Hao
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-ming Chen
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jean Woo
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Samuel Yeung-shan Wong
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Qiqiang He
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Jie Xie
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lap Ah Tse
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Bailing Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-fen Su
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xiang-qian Lao
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Carmen Wong
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ruth Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wen-hua Ling
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Takeda T, Ueno T, Uchiyama S, Hiramatsu K, Shiina M. Relation between premenstrual syndrome and equol-production status. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2016; 42:1575-1580. [DOI: 10.1111/jog.13073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Takeda
- Division of Women's Health, Research Institute of Traditional Asian Medicine; Kindai University School of Medicine; Osaka Japan
| | - Tomomi Ueno
- Saga Nutraceuticals Research Institute of Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd; Saga Japan
| | - Shigeto Uchiyama
- Saga Nutraceuticals Research Institute of Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd; Saga Japan
| | | | - Masami Shiina
- Division of Women's Health, Research Institute of Traditional Asian Medicine; Kindai University School of Medicine; Osaka Japan
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Relationship of serum levels and dietary intake of isoflavone, and the novel bacterium Slackia sp. strain NATTS with the risk of prostate cancer: a case–control study among Japanese men. Int Urol Nephrol 2016; 48:1453-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s11255-016-1335-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Relationship of equol production between children aged 5–7 years and their mothers. Eur J Nutr 2016; 56:1911-1917. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1233-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kawada Y, Yokoyama S, Yanase E, Niwa T, Suzuki T. The production of S-equol from daidzein is associated with a cluster of three genes in Eggerthella sp. YY7918. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA FOOD AND HEALTH 2016; 35:113-21. [PMID: 27508112 PMCID: PMC4965515 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2015-023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Daidzein (DZN) is converted to equol (EQL) by intestinal bacteria. We previously reported that
Eggerthella sp. YY7918, which is found in human feces, is an EQL-producing bacterium and
analyzed its whole genomic sequence. We found three coding sequences (CDSs) in this bacterium that showed 99%
similarity to the EQL-producing enzymes of Lactococcus sp. 20-92. These identified CDSs were
designated eqlA, eqlB, and eqlC and thought to encode
daidzein reductase (DZNR), dihydrodaidzein reductase (DHDR), and tetrahydrodaidzein reductase (THDR),
respectively. These genes were cloned into pColdII. Recombinant plasmids were then introduced into
Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and DZNR, DHDR, and THDR were expressed and purified by
6×His-Tag chromatography. We confirmed that these three enzymes were involved in the conversion of DZN to EQL.
Purified DZNR converted DZN to dihydrodaizein (DHD) in the presence of NADPH. DHDR converted DHD to
tetrahydrodaizein (THD) in the presence of NADPH. Neither enzyme showed activities with NADH. THDR converted
THD in the absence of cofactors, NAD(P)H, and also produced DHD as a by-product. Thus, we propose that THDR is
not a reductase but a new type of dismutase. The GC content of these clusters was 64%, similar to the overall
genomic GC content for Eggerthella and Coriobacteriaceae (56–60%), and higher than that for
Lactococcus garvieae (39%), even though the gene cluster showed 99% similarity to that in
Lactococcus sp. 20-92. Taken together, our results indicate that the gene cluster
associated with EQL production evolved in high-GC bacteria including Coriobacteriaceae and was then laterally
transferred to Lactococcus sp. 20-92.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuika Kawada
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Yokoyama
- Department of Food Technology, Industrial Technology Center, Gifu Prefectural Government, 47 Kitaoyobi, Kasamatsu, Hashima, Gifu 501-6064, Japan
| | - Emiko Yanase
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Toshio Niwa
- Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Shubun University, 6 Nikko-cho, Ichinomiya, Aichi 491-0938, Japan
| | - Tohru Suzuki
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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Liu ZM, Ho SC, Chen YM, Xie YJ, Huang ZG, Ling WH. Research protocol: effect of natural S-equol on blood pressure and vascular function--a six-month randomized controlled trial among equol non-producers of postmenopausal women with prehypertension or untreated stage 1 hypertension. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:89. [PMID: 26928904 PMCID: PMC4772692 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1065-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although higher habitual soy intake is associated with lower blood pressure (BP) and stroke incidence, clinical trials using soy protein or isoflavones on cardiovascular risks yielded inconsistent results. The discrepancies are hypothesized to be due to the individuals' intestinal bacterial capacity to metabolite isoflavones daidzein into equol. Animal and in vitro studies have revealed that equol has stronger estrogen-like and anti-oxidative activity than isoflavones and possesses natriuretic and vasorelaxant properties which may play an important role in the prevention of hypertension. However, no clinical trial has examined the effect of equol on BP. We thus propose a 24-week randomized controlled trial to test the effectiveness of natural S-equol on BP and vascular function among equol non-producers. METHODS/DESIGN This will be a 6-month double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial among 207 non-equol producing postmenopausal women with prehypertension or early untreated hypertension. Eligible participants who have completed a 2-week run-in will be randomized to either one of the 3 groups: placebo group, low-equol group (10 mg/d) and high equol group (20 mg/d). The outcome measures will be conducted at baseline and at the end of the trial including 24 h ambulatory BP, endothelial function (by ultrasound determined brachial flow mediated dilation), arterial stiffness (by pulse wave analysis) and other cardiovascular risk factors (lipid profile, glycemic control and inflammatory biomarkers). Urinary isoflavones will be tested for compliance assessment. One way analysis of variance will be applied to compare the 6-month changes in ambulatory BP or parameters of vascular function among the 3 treatment groups. DISCUSSION This study will be performed in community subjects. If the antihypertensive effect of equol is proven, the provision of natural equol to those high risk adults who are unable to produce equol will have enormous public health implications for the primary and secondary prevention of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases on a population basis. The research efforts will also have significant implications for industry in the provision of suitable soy products for the prevention of hypertension and its related complications. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov with identifier of NCT02515682 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-min Liu
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR.
| | - Suzanne C Ho
- Division of Epidemiology, The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR
| | - Yu-ming Chen
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yao Jie Xie
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Social Science, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR
| | - Zhi-guan Huang
- Department of Sport and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Wen-hua Ling
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
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