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Schaefer L, Kloß E, Henrich M, Thom N. Extensive fatal Pyoderma gangrenosum in a dog after drug exposure. TIERARZTLICHE PRAXIS. AUSGABE K, KLEINTIERE/HEIMTIERE 2023; 51:361-367. [PMID: 37956667 DOI: 10.1055/a-2174-6948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
A 4-year-old, spayed female mixed breed dog was presented with large crater-like, well-demarcated, erosive and ulcerative necrotic lesions of the skin, elevated body temperature and lethargy, that began 14 days after vaccination and treatment with fluralaner and milbemycin/praziquantel. Cytology revealed severe pyogranulomatous inflammation with moderate numbers of extracellular microorganisms. Histopathologic examination showed severe multifocal pyogranulomatous dermatitis and panniculitis with severe dermal edema and severe neutrophilic exocytosis with band-like infiltration of the lower portion of the epidermis consistent with pyoderma gangrenosum. Despite intensive immunosuppressive and antimicrobial therapy and intensive inpatient care, the dog was euthanized 16 days after admission due to complications with clinical signs of sepsis, acute dyspnea and thoracic effusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Schaefer
- Small Animal Clinic, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Elena Kloß
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Manfred Henrich
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Nina Thom
- Small Animal Clinic, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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Ratti G, Facchin A, Stranieri A, Giordano A, Paltrinieri S, Scarpa P, Maragno D, Gazzonis A, Penati M, Luzzago C, Dall’Ara P, Lauzi S. Fecal Carriage of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-/AmpC-Producing Escherichia coli in Pet and Stray Cats. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1249. [PMID: 37627669 PMCID: PMC10451524 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dogs have been reported as potential carriers of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, but the role of cats has been poorly studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence and the risk factors associated with the fecal carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase and AmpC (ESBL/AmpC)-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) in pet and stray cats. Fecal samples were collected between 2020 and 2022 from healthy and unhealthy cats and screened for ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli using selective media. The presence of ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli was confirmed by phenotypic and molecular methods. The evaluation of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) was performed on positive isolates. Host and hospitalization data were analyzed to identify risk factors. A total of 97 cats' samples were collected, and ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli were detected in 6/97 (6.2%), supported by the detection of blaCTX-M (100%), blaTEM (83.3%), and blaSHV (16.7%) genes and the overexpression of chromosomal ampC (1%). All E. coli isolates were categorized as multidrug-resistant. Unhealthy status and previous antibiotic therapy were significantly associated with ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli fecal carriage. Our results suggest that cats may be carriers of ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli, highlighting the need for antimicrobial stewardship in veterinary medicine and an antimicrobial-resistance surveillance program focusing on companion animals, including stray cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Ratti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.R.); (A.F.); (A.S.); (A.G.); (S.P.); (P.S.); (D.M.); (A.G.); (M.P.); (C.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Alessia Facchin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.R.); (A.F.); (A.S.); (A.G.); (S.P.); (P.S.); (D.M.); (A.G.); (M.P.); (C.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Angelica Stranieri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.R.); (A.F.); (A.S.); (A.G.); (S.P.); (P.S.); (D.M.); (A.G.); (M.P.); (C.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Alessia Giordano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.R.); (A.F.); (A.S.); (A.G.); (S.P.); (P.S.); (D.M.); (A.G.); (M.P.); (C.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Saverio Paltrinieri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.R.); (A.F.); (A.S.); (A.G.); (S.P.); (P.S.); (D.M.); (A.G.); (M.P.); (C.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Paola Scarpa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.R.); (A.F.); (A.S.); (A.G.); (S.P.); (P.S.); (D.M.); (A.G.); (M.P.); (C.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Deborah Maragno
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.R.); (A.F.); (A.S.); (A.G.); (S.P.); (P.S.); (D.M.); (A.G.); (M.P.); (C.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Alessia Gazzonis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.R.); (A.F.); (A.S.); (A.G.); (S.P.); (P.S.); (D.M.); (A.G.); (M.P.); (C.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Martina Penati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.R.); (A.F.); (A.S.); (A.G.); (S.P.); (P.S.); (D.M.); (A.G.); (M.P.); (C.L.); (S.L.)
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases (MiLab), University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Camilla Luzzago
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.R.); (A.F.); (A.S.); (A.G.); (S.P.); (P.S.); (D.M.); (A.G.); (M.P.); (C.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Paola Dall’Ara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.R.); (A.F.); (A.S.); (A.G.); (S.P.); (P.S.); (D.M.); (A.G.); (M.P.); (C.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Stefania Lauzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.R.); (A.F.); (A.S.); (A.G.); (S.P.); (P.S.); (D.M.); (A.G.); (M.P.); (C.L.); (S.L.)
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Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Multidrug Resistance and Extended-Spectrum β-lactamase Producing E. coli Isolated from Healthy and Diseased Cats. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020229. [PMID: 36830140 PMCID: PMC9951988 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Household cats have been identified as potential antimicrobial resistance (AMR) reservoirs, and the extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) producing E. coli circulating among cats has been more frequently reported globally, but the factors linked to its colonization remain poorly understood. Thus, the objectives of this study were to determine E. coli shedding and the occurrence of multidrug resistant (MDR)- and ESBL-producing E. coli, as well as to determine risk factors associated with colonization of MDR and ESBL-producing E. coli isolated from both healthy and diseased cats in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. In a cross-sectional study, 2000 swabs were collected from five anatomical regions (anus, skin, ear canal, nares, and conjunctival sac) of 209 healthy and 191 diseased cats that were admitted to a veterinary clinic in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. In addition, each cat owner filled out a questionnaire about their cat's demographics, management, health status, and antimicrobial usage. E. coli was detected in 165 (41.3%) of all cats, including 59 (28.2%) healthy and 106 (55.5%) diseased cats. In total, 170 E. coli isolates were found in healthy (35.3%) and diseased (64.7%) cats. Susceptibility testing revealed that 123 (72.4%) of the E. coli isolates were resistant to at least one of the tested antimicrobials. Overall, 17.6% (30/170) of E. coli isolates were MDR, with 10 (5.9%) and 20 (11.8%) isolates found in healthy and diseased cats, respectively. However, only 12 (7.1%) E. coli isolates were resistant to cefotaxime and harbored the blaCTX-M gene (ESBL-producer), with seven (4.1%) in healthy and five (2.9%) in diseased cats. Risk factor analysis showed that the odds of MDR and ESBL-producing E. coli were (20 and 17) and (six and eight) times higher when the family and cats were previously treated with antimicrobials, respectively. The presence of a child in the cat's family was also linked to an increased risk of MDR E. coli colonization (OR = 3.4). In conclusion, a high frequency of MDR and ESBL-producing E. coli was detected among healthy and diseased cats in Saudi Arabia, raising concerns about transmission to humans and supporting the need of a "One Health" approach to address the potential threats of cats as AMR reservoirs.
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Ochoa AM, García MI, Cienfuegos A, Vásquez-Jaramillo L. Isolation of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains producing extended spectrum β-lactamases from dog urine of the Metropolitan Area of the Aburrá Valley Antioquia-Colombia. REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA VETERINARIA Y DE ZOOTECNIA 2022. [DOI: 10.15446/rfmvz.v69n3.103805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are the most common pathogens causing urinary tract infections in humans and animals. Close contact between humans and companion animals can facilitate the spread of multidrugresistant pathogens between both species. Objective: To characterize extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) -producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolated from dogs with urinary tract infections in the metropolitan area of Valle del Aburrá (Antioquia, Colombia). Methods: Three-hundred seventy-one urine samples collected from March 2018 to March 2019 in a veterinary clinical laboratory were analyzed. E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates were detected in chromogenic agar and identified by biochemical tests. Susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion and ESBL production was evaluated by the double disk test in all isolates. MIC determination of ESBL-positive isolates were performed on the automated VITEK®2 system. Multiple PCR was used for the detection of CTX-M beta-lactamases (group 1, 2, 9 and 8/25), SHV, TEM and AmpC of plasmid origin in ESBL-positive isolates. Results: In total 22 out 371 isolates were positive for ESBL production by double disc test, 11 E. coli (ESBL-Ec) and 11 K. pneumoniae (ESBL-Kp). The multiple PCR detected CTX-M group 1 in the 22 ESBL-positive isolates. Multi-drug resistance was observed in all ESBL-producing isolates Conclusions: A high frequency of antibiotic multi-resistance was found in ESBL-Ec and ESBL-Kp. The main ESBL detected was CTX-M group 1, which also prevails in human isolates.
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Cui L, Zhao X, Li R, Han Y, Hao G, Wang G, Sun S. Companion Animals as Potential Reservoirs of Antibiotic Resistant Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in Shandong, China. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11060828. [PMID: 35740235 PMCID: PMC9220070 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes of Escherichia coli (E. coli) from companion animals were still poorly understood. Here, we investigated the extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) resistance genes of E. coli from companion animals in Shandong, China. A total of 79 isolates (80.6%) were recovered from 98 healthy or diarrheal companion animals in 2021, among which ESBLs-producing isolates accounted for 43.0% (34/79), and more than half of ESBL E. coli (ESBL-EC) strains (n = 19) were isolated from healthy companion animals. Diarrheagenic E. coli isolates (45.6%, n = 36) were represented by enterotoxigenic (ETEC) (32.9%), enteropathogenic (EPEC) (10.1%) and enteroinvasive (EIEC) (2.6%), 20 isolates of which were from healthy pets. Among tested antibiotics, resistance to tetracycline (64.6%) was the most commonly observed, followed by doxycycline (59.5%) and ampicillin (53.2%). Notably, all isolates were susceptible to meropenem. The multidrug-resistant (MDR) rate was 49.4%, 20 isolates of which were ESBLs producers; moreover, 23.4%, 16.4% of ESBL-EC strains were resistant to 5 or more, 7 or more antibiotics, respectively. Among the 5 β-lactamase resistance genes, the most frequent gene was blaCTX-M (60.76%), followed by blaSHV (40.51%). The plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) gene aac(6')-Ib-cr was detected in 35 isolates. Additionally, ESBL-associated genes (i.e., blaCTX-M, blaSHV) were found in 76.5% ESBL-EC strains, with six isolates carrying blaCTX-M and blaSHV. The marker gene of high-pathogenicity island gene irp2 (encoding iron capture systems) was the most frequency virulence gene. Our results showed that ESBL-EC were widespread in healthy or diarrhea companion animals, especially healthy pets, which may be a potential reservoir of antibiotic resistance, therefore, enhancing a risk to public and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Cui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (L.C.); (R.L.); (Y.H.); (G.H.)
| | - Xiaonan Zhao
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China;
| | - Ruibo Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (L.C.); (R.L.); (Y.H.); (G.H.)
| | - Yu Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (L.C.); (R.L.); (Y.H.); (G.H.)
| | - Guijuan Hao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (L.C.); (R.L.); (Y.H.); (G.H.)
| | - Guisheng Wang
- Shandong Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Jinan 250100, China
- Correspondence: (G.W.); (S.S.); Tel.: +86-150-9891-3008 (G.W.); +86-137-0538-9710 (S.S.)
| | - Shuhong Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (L.C.); (R.L.); (Y.H.); (G.H.)
- Correspondence: (G.W.); (S.S.); Tel.: +86-150-9891-3008 (G.W.); +86-137-0538-9710 (S.S.)
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Liu FL, Kuan NL, Yeh KS. Presence of the Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase and Plasmid-Mediated AmpC-Encoding Genes in Escherichia coli from Companion Animals-A Study from a University-Based Veterinary Hospital in Taipei, Taiwan. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10121536. [PMID: 34943748 PMCID: PMC8698527 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC β-lactamase are two enzymes commonly found in Enterobacteriaceae that confer resistance to major antibiotics, such as third-generation cephalosporins that are widely prescribed for both human and animals. We screened for Escherichia coli producing ESBL and plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC) from dogs and cats brought to National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan from 29 June 2020, to 31 December 2020. The genotypes and phylogenetic relatedness of these E. coli were also analyzed. Fifty samples of E. coli obtained from 249 bacterial isolates were included in this study. Among them, eight isolates had ESBL, seven had pAmpC, and one had both. Thirty-two percent (16/50) of E. coli isolates were resistant to third-generation cephalosporins. The detected ESBL genes included the blaCTX-M-1 and blaCTX-M-9 groups, and the blaCMY-2 group was the only gene type found in pAmpC. ESBL-producing E. coli belonged to the pathogenic phylogroup B2, and the sequence types (STs) were ST131 and ST1193. Three isolates were determined to be ST131-O25b, a highly virulent epidemic clone. The pAmpC-producing E. coli were distributed in multiple phylogroups, primarily the commensal phylogroup B1. The STs of the pAmpC-producing E. coli included ST155, ST315, ST617, ST457, ST767, ST372, and ST93; all of these have been reported in humans and animals. Imipenem was active against all the ESBL/pAmpC-producing E. coli; however, since in humans it is a last-resort antimicrobial, its use in companion animals should be restricted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Ling Liu
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (F.-L.L.); (N.-L.K.)
| | - Nan-Ling Kuan
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (F.-L.L.); (N.-L.K.)
- Biology Division, Animal Health Research Institute, Tansui, New Taipei City 25158, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Sheng Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (F.-L.L.); (N.-L.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-33661289
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Kristianingtyas L, Effendi MH, Witaningrum AM, Wardhana DK, Ugbo EN. Prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in companion dogs in animal clinics, Surabaya, Indonesia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONE HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2021.232-236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: The practice of keeping animals as pets is becoming increasingly common. The upsurge of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing organisms of animal origin is a health threat globally. This study aimed to identify the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in companion dogs in animal clinics in Surabaya, Indonesia.
Materials and Methods: A total of 85 rectal swab samples were collected from companion dogs at five animal clinics in different regions of Surabaya, Indonesia. The presence of E. coli was identified from the samples using standard methods, followed by antibiotic sensitivity testing. The resistant isolates were examined for the presence of ESBL using the double-disk synergy test method. The phenotypically identified ESBL-producing E. coli was further confirmed with an automated system using Vitek-2.
Results: The rectal swab samples (n=85) tested were 100% positive for E. coli isolates. Eight (9.41%) out of the 85 E. coli obtained from rectal swabs were extended-spectrum β-lactamase producers. All eight ESBL-producing E. coli were identified by automated Vitek-2 confirmatory tests.
Conclusion: This study provides insight into the prevalence of ESBL-producing organisms isolated from companion dogs in Indonesia. This work indicates the need for the general public to be more aware of the role of companion animals in disseminating pathogenic organisms, since they serve as potential reservoirs in the spread of antibiotic resistance affecting human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luviana Kristianingtyas
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Postgraduate Student on Veterinary Public Health Study, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Mustofa Helmi Effendi
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Adiana Mutamsari Witaningrum
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Dhandy Koesoemo Wardhana
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Emmanuel Nnabuike Ugbo
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
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Burgess SA, Cookson AL, Brousse L, Ortolani E, Benschop J, Akhter R, Brightwell G, McDougall S. The epidemiology of AmpC-producing Escherichia coli isolated from dairy cattle faeces on pasture-fed farms. J Med Microbiol 2021; 70:001447. [PMID: 34672922 PMCID: PMC8604167 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Antibiotic use, particularly amoxicillin-clavulanic acid in dairy farming, has been associated with an increased incidence of AmpC-hyperproducing Escherichia coli.Gap statement. There is limited information on the incidence of AmpC-hyperproducing E. coli from seasonal pasture-fed dairy farms.Aim. We undertook a New Zealand wide cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of AmpC-producing E. coli carried by dairy cattle.Methodology. Paddock faeces were sampled from twenty-six dairy farms and were processed for the selective growth of both extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)- and AmpC-producing E. coli. Whole genome sequence analysis was carried out on 35 AmpC-producing E. coli.Results. No ESBL- or plasmid mediated AmpC-producing E. coli were detected, but seven farms were positive for chromosomal mediated AmpC-hyperproducing E. coli. These seven farms were associated with a higher usage of injectable amoxicillin antibiotics. Whole genome sequence analysis of the AmpC-producing E. coli demonstrated that the same strain (<3 SNPs difference) of E. coli ST5729 was shared between cows on a single farm. Similarly, the same strain (≤15 SNPs difference) of E. coli ST8977 was shared across two farms (separated by approximately 425 km).Conclusion. These results infer that both cow-to-cow and farm-to-farm transmission of AmpC-producing E. coli has occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A. Burgess
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Food System Integrity, Hopkirk Research Institute, AgResearch Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Adrian L. Cookson
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Food System Integrity, Hopkirk Research Institute, AgResearch Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Lisa Brousse
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Present address: Lisa Brousse, BioMerieux, Grenoble, France
| | - Enrico Ortolani
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply, Brazil
| | - Jackie Benschop
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Rukhshana Akhter
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Gale Brightwell
- Food System Integrity, Hopkirk Research Institute, AgResearch Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- New Zealand Food Safety Science and Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Scott McDougall
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Cognosco Limited, Anexa Veterinary Services, Morrinsville, New Zealand
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Burgess SA, Aplin J, Biggs PJ, Breckell G, Benschop J, Fayaz A, Toombs-Ruane LJ, Midwinter AC. Characterisation of AmpC and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing E. coli from New Zealand dairy farms. Int Dairy J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.104998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Salgado-Caxito M, Benavides JA, Adell AD, Paes AC, Moreno-Switt AI. Global prevalence and molecular characterization of extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing- Escherichia coli in dogs and cats - A scoping review and meta-analysis. One Health 2021; 12:100236. [PMID: 33889706 PMCID: PMC8050393 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a major threat to human and animal health. Part of the AMR dimension is the circulation of extended-spectrum β-lactamases producing-Escherichia coli (ESBL-E. coli), which is now commonly reported among companion animals. However, the global perspective of the prevalence and population structure of ESBL-E. coli circulating in dogs and cats has not been estimated limiting our understanding of their role in the dissemination of ESBL-E. coli. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of ESBL-E. coli between dogs and cats and across countries through meta-analysis. We also performed a scoping review to summarize the current knowledge on ESBL genes and E. coli clones circulating among companion animals. A total of 128 studies published in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus up to April 2020 were selected and contained information on prevalence and/or molecular characterization of ESBL genes and ESBL-E. coli clones. Our review shows an increase in the number of publications between 2000 and 2019, concentrated mainly in Europe. Prevalence varied across continents, ranging from 0.63% (Oceania) to 16.56% (Africa) in dogs and from 0% (Oceania) to 16.82% (Asia) in cats. Although there were twice as many studies reporting prevalence on dogs (n = 61) than on cats (n = 32), and only 9 studies focused exclusively on cats, our meta-analysis showed no difference in the global prevalence of ESBL-E. coli between dogs (6.87% [95% CI: 4.46-10.45%]) and cats (5.04% [95% CI: 2.42-10.22%]). A considerable diversity of ESBL genes (n = 60) and sequence types (ST) (n = 171) were recovered from companion animals. ESBL-E. coli encoded by CTX-M-15 (67.5%, 77/114) and SHV-12 (21.9%, 25/114), along with resistant strains of ST38 (22.7%, 15/66) and ST131 (50%, 33/66) were widespread and detected in all continents. While presence of ESBL-E. coli is widespread, the drivers influencing the observed ESBL-E. coli prevalence and the clinical relevance in veterinary medicine and public health along with economic impact of ESBL-E. coli infections among companion animals need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marília Salgado-Caxito
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research On Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile
| | - Julio A. Benavides
- Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research On Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación para la Sustentabilidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aiko D. Adell
- Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research On Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Antonio Carlos Paes
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea I. Moreno-Switt
- Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research On Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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11
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Yasugi M, Hatoya S, Motooka D, Matsumoto Y, Shimamura S, Tani H, Furuya M, Mie K, Miyake M, Nakamura S, Shimada T. Whole-genome analyses of extended-spectrum or AmpC β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolates from companion dogs in Japan. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246482. [PMID: 33544781 PMCID: PMC7864471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence and global spread of extended-spectrum or AmpC β-lactamase (ESBL/AmpC)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in companion animals have led to the hypothesis that companion animals might be reservoirs for cross-species transmission because of their close contact with humans. However, current knowledge in this field is limited; therefore, the role of companion animals in cross-species transmission remains to be elucidated. Herein, we studied ESBL/AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli in particular, isolated from extraintestinal sites and feces of companion dogs. Whole-genome sequencing analysis revealed that (i) extraintestinal E. coli isolates were most closely related to those isolated from feces from the same dog, (ii) chromosomal sequences in the ST131/C1-M27 clade isolated from companion dogs were highly similar to those in the ST131/C1-M27 clade of human origin, (iii) certain plasmids, such as IncFII/pMLST F1:A2:B20/blaCTX-M-27, IncI1/pMLST16/blaCTX-M-15, or IncI1/blaCMY-2 from dog-derived E. coli isolates, shared high homology with those from several human-derived Enterobacteriaceae, (iv) chromosomal blaCTX-M-14 was identified in the ST38 isolate from a companion dog, and (v) eight out of 14 tested ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli isolates (i.e., ST131, ST68, ST405, and ST998) belonged to the human extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) group. All of the bla-coding plasmids that were sequenced genome-wide were capable of horizontal transfer. These results suggest that companion dogs can spread ESBL/AmpC-producing ExPEC via their feces. Furthermore, at least some ESBL/AmpC-producing ExPECs and bla-coding plasmids can be transmitted between humans and companion dogs. Thus, companion dogs can act as an important reservoir for ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayo Yasugi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
- Asian Health Science Research Institiute, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Shingo Hatoya
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Matsumoto
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Shimamura
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tani
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaru Furuya
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Mie
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masami Miyake
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shota Nakamura
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Terumasa Shimada
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
- Asian Health Science Research Institiute, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
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12
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Flament-Simon SC, de Toro M, García V, Blanco JE, Blanco M, Alonso MP, Goicoa A, Díaz-González J, Nicolas-Chanoine MH, Blanco J. Molecular Characteristics of Extraintestinal Pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC), Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), and Multidrug Resistant E. coli Isolated from Healthy Dogs in Spain. Whole Genome Sequencing of Canine ST372 Isolates and Comparison with Human Isolates Causing Extraintestinal Infections. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8111712. [PMID: 33142871 PMCID: PMC7716232 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Under a one health perspective and the worldwide antimicrobial resistance concern, we investigated extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC), uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), and multidrug resistant (MDR) E. coli from 197 isolates recovered from healthy dogs in Spain between 2013 and 2017. A total of 91 (46.2%) isolates were molecularly classified as ExPEC and/or UPEC, including 50 clones, among which (i) four clones were dominant (B2-CH14-180-ST127, B2-CH52-14-ST141, B2-CH103-9-ST372 and F-CH4-58-ST648) and (ii) 15 had been identified among isolates causing extraintestinal infections in Spanish and French humans in 2015 and 2016. A total of 28 (14.2%) isolates were classified as MDR, associated with B1, D, and E phylogroups, and included 24 clones, of which eight had also been identified among the human clinical isolates. We selected 23 ST372 strains, 21 from healthy dogs, and two from human clinical isolates for whole genome sequencing and built an SNP-tree with these 23 genomes and 174 genomes (128 from canine strains and 46 from human strains) obtained from public databases. These 197 genomes were segregated into six clusters. Cluster 1 comprised 74.6% of the strain genomes, mostly composed of canine strain genomes (p < 0.00001). Clusters 4 and 6 also included canine strain genomes, while clusters 2, 3, and 5 were significantly associated with human strain genomes. Finding several common clones and clone-related serotypes in dogs and humans suggests a potentially bidirectional clone transfer that argues for the one health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia-Camille Flament-Simon
- Laboratorio de Referencia de E. coli (LREC), Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 27002 Lugo, Spain; (S.-C.F.-S.); (V.G.); (J.E.B.); (M.B.); (J.D.-G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - María de Toro
- Plataforma de Genómica y Bioinformática, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain;
| | - Vanesa García
- Laboratorio de Referencia de E. coli (LREC), Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 27002 Lugo, Spain; (S.-C.F.-S.); (V.G.); (J.E.B.); (M.B.); (J.D.-G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Jesús E. Blanco
- Laboratorio de Referencia de E. coli (LREC), Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 27002 Lugo, Spain; (S.-C.F.-S.); (V.G.); (J.E.B.); (M.B.); (J.D.-G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Miguel Blanco
- Laboratorio de Referencia de E. coli (LREC), Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 27002 Lugo, Spain; (S.-C.F.-S.); (V.G.); (J.E.B.); (M.B.); (J.D.-G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - María Pilar Alonso
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Unidade de Microbioloxía, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti (HULA), 27003 Lugo, Spain
| | - Ana Goicoa
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Veterinario Universitario Rof Codina, USC, 27002 Lugo, Spain;
- Departamento de Anatomía, Producción Animal e Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias, USC, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Juan Díaz-González
- Laboratorio de Referencia de E. coli (LREC), Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 27002 Lugo, Spain; (S.-C.F.-S.); (V.G.); (J.E.B.); (M.B.); (J.D.-G.)
| | | | - Jorge Blanco
- Laboratorio de Referencia de E. coli (LREC), Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 27002 Lugo, Spain; (S.-C.F.-S.); (V.G.); (J.E.B.); (M.B.); (J.D.-G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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13
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Rodríguez-González MJ, Jiménez-Pearson MA, Duarte F, Poklepovich T, Campos J, Araya-Sánchez LN, Chirino-Trejo M, Barquero-Calvo E. Multidrug-Resistant CTX-M and CMY-2 Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Healthy Household Dogs from the Great Metropolitan Area, Costa Rica. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 26:1421-1428. [PMID: 33085572 PMCID: PMC7698996 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of fecal carriage of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli of healthy household dogs with an emphasis on extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL), AmpC-type β-lactamases and resistance to quinolones. Materials and Methods: Rectal swabs were collected from 74 dogs without any clinical evidence of gastrointestinal disease. Samples were cultured on MacConkey agar plates and MacConkey supplemented with 2 μg/mL cefotaxime or 5 μg/mL ciprofloxacin. Isolates were identified with Vitek 2 Compact and susceptibility testing performed by Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was done on isolates resistant to cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, and nalidixic acid. PCR amplification was performed to detect CTX-M and CMY-2. Isolates positive for CTX-M and/or CMY-2 were selected for whole-genome sequencing. Results: Multiresistance was detected in 56% of the isolates. A high percentage of resistance was detected for cefazolin (63%), ampicillin (54%), streptomycin (49%), nalidixic acid (42%) and tetracycline (38%). The MIC50 and MIC90 for isolates resistant to cefotaxime (24%) was determined as 16 and >250 μg/mL, respectively; for ciprofloxacin (18%), 125 and 250 μg/mL, respectively. ESBL (CTX-M type) and AmpC (CMY-2 type) were detected in 6 (7.1%) and 14 (19%) of the isolates, respectively. Whole-genome sequence analysis showed high genetic diversity in most of the isolates and a large variety of resistance mechanisms, including mobile genetic elements. Conclusion: The frequency of multidrug-resistant E. coli is worrying, mainly because of the presence of many isolates producing ESBL and AmpC β-lactamases. Based on the “One Health” concept, considering the relationships between animals, humans, and the environment, these data support the notion that companion animals are important reservoirs of multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Francisco Duarte
- Instituto Costarricense de Investigación y Enseñanza en Nutrición y Salud, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Tomás Poklepovich
- Plataforma Genómica y Bioinformática-Genomic and Bioinformatics Platform INEI-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Josefina Campos
- Plataforma Genómica y Bioinformática-Genomic and Bioinformatics Platform INEI-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Manuel Chirino-Trejo
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Elías Barquero-Calvo
- Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, UNA, Heredia, Costa Rica
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14
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Huang YH, Kuan NL, Yeh KS. Characteristics of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli From Dogs and Cats Admitted to a Veterinary Teaching Hospital in Taipei, Taiwan From 2014 to 2017. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:395. [PMID: 32766294 PMCID: PMC7378734 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are enzymes that mediate resistance to newer β-lactam antibiotics, including extended-spectrum cephalosporins and monobactams. The production of ESBL is primarily plasmid mediated, and such plasmids often comprise the genes that encode resistance to other classes of antimicrobials, such as aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones. Therefore, ESBL-producing microorganisms leave clinicians with limited therapeutic options in both human and veterinary medicine. Compared with human medicine, information regarding ESBL-producing microorganisms is limited in veterinary medicine. We screened for ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in dogs and cats admitted to National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital, Taipei, from 2014 to 2017 and further analyzed the genotypes and phylogenetic traits of these ESBL producers. Double disk tests specified by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute were performed on 283 E. coli isolates and revealed a total of 65 E. coli (54 from dogs and 11 from cats) with the ESBL phenotype (22.8%). blaCTX−M−1group and blaCTX−M−2group were the most commonly identified ESBL gene groups. blaCTX−M−55 was the main ESBL gene within the blaCTX−M−1group, whereas the blaCTX−M−2group contained only blaCTX−M−124. The ESBL-producing E. coli were all resistant to ampicillin. The resistance rate to ceftiofur, doxycycline, enrofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin was 93.8, 73.8, 80, and 78.5%, respectively. Of the antibiotics tested, greater sensitivity to imipenem and gentamicin was noted. Multilocus sequence typing indicated that ST457, ST131, and ST648 were the most common sequence types. Our study identified eight ST131/O25b isolates, which is a global zoonotic clone of public health concern. The major ESBL genes of these clones were blaCTX−M−174 and blaCTX−M−194. Because companion animals such as dogs and cats are in close contact with humans, the characterization of ESBL producers originating from them is crucial from the perspective of both public health and veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsuan Huang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Ling Kuan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Biology Division, Animal Health Research Institute, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Sheng Yeh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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15
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Genetic diversity, antimicrobial resistance and extended-spectrum β-lactamase type of Escherichia coli isolates from chicken, dog, pig and yak in Gansu and Qinghai Provinces, China. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2020; 22:726-732. [PMID: 32659505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2020.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, the genetic diversity, phylogenetic grouping, antimicrobial resistance and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) types of Escherichia coli isolates from chickens, dogs, pigs and yaks in six prefectures of Gansu and Qinghai Provinces, China, were investigated. METHODS E. coli was isolated from diarrhoeic and healthy faecal samples. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST), phylogenetic grouping, antimicrobial resistance and ESBL profiles were investigated. RESULTS A total of 142 MLST sequence types (STs) were identified from 400 E. coli isolates. eBURST clustering analysis resolved the 142 STs into 19 clonal complexes (CCs) and 67 singletons. PCR phylogenetic typing determined the isolation rate of potentially pathogenic B2/D group isolates among all E. coli to be 12.5% from healthy animal samples and 17.5% from diarrhoeic samples. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed 78 antimicrobial resistance patterns. E. coli resistance rates were highest to doxycycline, ampicillin and tetracycline, whereas polymyxin B and meropenem had the lowest resistance rates. All polymyxin B-resistant E. coli isolates were positive for the mcr-1 gene. A total of 62 ESBL-producing isolates were identified. The ESBL prevalence was 55.0% in diarrhoeic samplings and 5.6% in healthy animals. TEM (82.3%) was the predominant ESBL type, followed by CTM (43.5%) and SHV (19.4%). CONCLUSION E. coli isolates in the study area have a high diversity of genetic and antimicrobial resistance patterns but a relatively low isolation rate of potentially pathogenic phylogroups. However, the somewhat high isolation rate of multidrug-resistant E. coli, particularly ESBL-producing isolates, requires continual surveillance of E. coli from animals in these areas.
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16
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Piccolo FL, Belas A, Foti M, Fisichella V, Marques C, Pomba C. Detection of multidrug resistance and extended-spectrum/plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamase genes in Enterobacteriaceae isolates from diseased cats in Italy. J Feline Med Surg 2020; 22:613-622. [PMID: 31524037 PMCID: PMC10814436 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x19868029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from cats affected by diseases commonly encountered in practice, and to characterise the third-generation cephalosporin (3GC)-resistance molecular mechanisms involved. METHODS Clinical samples (n = 100) included 58 rectal swabs from cats with diarrhoea, 31 nasal swabs from cats with clinical signs of upper respiratory tract disease, four ear swabs from cats with otitis, three conjunctival swabs from cats with conjunctivitis, two oral swabs from cats with stomatitis, one swab from a skin abscess and one urine sample from a cat with cystitis. A total of 125 Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from 90 cats. Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated species (n = 65), followed by Enterobacter species (n = 20), Proteus species (n = 13), Citrobacter species (n = 12) and others (n = 15). Bacterial susceptibility testing was performed with respect to eight antimicrobial classes. Beta (β)-lactamase genes were identified by PCR and nucleotide sequencing. RESULTS Overall, the higher frequency of resistance was to amoxicillin-clavulanate (61.3%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (33.6%) and cefotaxime (32.8%). Thirty-six percent of the isolates (n = 45) were resistant to 3GCs. Of these isolates, 34 were tested by PCR and nucleotide sequencing and 23 were confirmed as encoding β-lactamase genes. Fourteen 3GC-resistant isolates harboured extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) belonging to groups CTX-M-1 (n = 12, two of which were CTX-M-79), CTX-M-2 (n = 1) and CTX-M-9 (n = 1), as well as SHV-12 (n = 1) and TEM-92 (n = 1). Nine isolates had CMY-2 plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases (pAmpC). Thirty-one percent (n = 39) of the isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR) and were isolated from 34% (n = 31/90) of the cats. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE A high frequency of MDR and ESBL/pAmpC β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae were detected among bacteria isolated from a feline population in southern Italy with a variety of common clinical conditions, which poses limitations on therapeutic options for companion animals. We describe the first detection of CTX-M-79 and TEM-92 ESBL genes in isolates from cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Lo Piccolo
- Section of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Adriana Belas
- CIISA, Centre of Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Foti
- Section of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Vittorio Fisichella
- Section of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Cátia Marques
- CIISA, Centre of Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Constança Pomba
- CIISA, Centre of Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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17
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Hong JS, Song W, Park HM, Oh JY, Chae JC, Jeong S, Jeong SH. Molecular Characterization of Fecal Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase- and AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli From Healthy Companion Animals and Cohabiting Humans in South Korea. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:674. [PMID: 32351490 PMCID: PMC7174606 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to describe the distribution and characterization of fecal extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- and AmpC-producing Escherichia coli isolates from healthy companion animals and cohabiting humans. A total of 968 rectal swab samples from 340 participants, including healthy companion animals and cohabiting humans, were collected from 130 households in South Korea from 2018 to 2019. To determine the bacterial profiles of the participants, several experiments were performed as follows: antimicrobial susceptibility testing, PCR and direct sequencing for ESBL/AmpC production, PFGE, MLST, whole genome sequencing and qRT-PCR. A total of 24.9 and 21.5% of the E. coli isolates from healthy companion animals and cohabiting humans were ESBL/AmpC producers, respectively. The blaCTX–M–14 gene was the most prevalent ESC resistance gene in both pets (n = 25/95, 26.3%) and humans (n = 44/126, 34.9%). The blaCMY–2 gene was also largely detected in pets (n = 19, 20.0%). Overall, intrahousehold pet-human sharing of ESBL/AmpC E. coli isolates occurred in 4.8% of households, and the isolates were all CTX-M-14 producers. In particular, ten CMY-2-producing E. coli isolates from seven dogs and three humans in the different households belonged to the same pulsotype. The MIC values of cefoxitin and the transcription level in CMY-2-producing E. coli isolates were proportional to the blaCMY–2 copy number on the chromosome. Our results showed that the clonal spread of fecal ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli households’ isolates between healthy companion animals and cohabiting humans was rare, but it could happen. In particular, E. coli ST405 isolates carrying multiple blaCMY–2 genes on the chromosome was sporadically spread between companion animals and humans in South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sung Hong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wonkeun Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hee-Myung Park
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Young Oh
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Chan Chae
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Seri Jeong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Seok Hoon Jeong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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18
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Pepin-Puget L, El Garch F, Bertrand X, Valot B, Hocquet D. Genome analysis of enterobacteriaceae with non-wild type susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporins recovered from diseased dogs and cats in Europe. Vet Microbiol 2020; 242:108601. [PMID: 32122604 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extended-spectrum-β-lactamases (ESBL) and plasmid-mediated cephalosporinases (pAmpC)-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates are now reported worldwide in humans, animals, and in the environment. We identified the determinants of resistance to β-lactams and associated resistance genes as well as phylogenetic diversity of 53 ESBL- or pAmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated from dogs and cats in Europe. MATERIALS/METHODS Of a collection of 842 Enterobacteriaceae isolates that were recovered in 2013 and 2014 from 842 diseased and untreated dogs and cats, for 242 ampicillin or amoxicillin resistant isolates (MIC ≥ 16 mg/L), cefotaxime (CTX) and ceftazidime (CAZ) MICs were determined. Isolates with CTX and/or CAZ MIC ≥ 1 mg/L (n = 63) were selected, and their genomes were fully sequenced using Illumina Technology. Genomic data were explored to identify the resistance determinants, the plasmid incompatibility groups, and the sequence types (STs). Plasmid location of blaESBL and blaAmpC was evaluated for all isolates based on the co-localization of resistance and plasmid incompatibility group genes on the same contig. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using core-genome MLST. RESULTS Of the 63 sequenced isolates, 53 isolates harbored a blaESBL or blaAmpC gene. Ten CTX and/or CAZ non-wild type isolates had neither blaESBL nor blaAmpC. Among the 63 isolates, 44 (69.8 %) were Escherichia coli, 11 (17.5 %) were Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 8 (12.7 %) were Proteus mirabilis. Fifty-one (80.9 %) isolates originated from dogs and 12 (19.1 %) from cats. Isolates were sampled from urinary tract (n = 36), skin and soft tissue (n = 22) and respiratory tract infections (n = 5). Thirty-two isolates (32/53, 60.4 %) carried blaESBL genes, including blaCTX-M-15 (n = 12), blaCTX-M-14 (n = 6), blaCTX-M-1 (n = 5), blaCTX-M-2 (n = 3), blaCTX-M-27 (n = 3), blaSHV-28 (n = 4), blaSHV-12 (n = 2), and blaVEB-6 (n = 1). Four isolates of K. pneumoniae had both blaCTX-M-15 and blaSHV-28. Twenty-one isolates (21/53, 39.6 %) carried genes encoding pAmpC, including blaCMY-2 (n = 19) and blaDHA-1 (n = 2). Thirteen E. coli isolates harbored both blaESBL or blaAmpC genes and plasmids of incompatibility groups IncIB (9/13), IncI1 (8/13), and IncFII (6/13). In addition to the reduced susceptibility to CTX and/or CAZ, reduced susceptibility or evidence of acquired resistance to at least one other relevant class of antibiotics was observed for all 63 isolates. E. COLI: isolates clustered in 23 STs, including B2 virulent clones from humans such as ST131 (n = 5), K. pneumoniae isolates mostly clustered in 3 STs: ST11 (n = 4), ST307 (n = 3), and ST16 (n = 2). Phylogenetic analysis identified the spread of E. coli ST131 blaCTX-M-27, and of K. pneumoniae ST307 harboring blaCTX-M-15 and blaSHV-28 or ST11 blaCTX-M-15. CONCLUSIONS We report here a 6.3 % prevalence of ESBL/pAmpC producing Enterobacteriaceae in diseased dogs and cats. This EU survey confirms that dogs and cats can be infected with epidemic multidrug resistant clones that may also spread in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farid El Garch
- Vétoquinol SA, Scientific division, Lure, France; ComPath Study Group, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Xavier Bertrand
- Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU Besançon, France; Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR CNRS Chrono-environnement, Besançon, France
| | - Benoit Valot
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR CNRS Chrono-environnement, Besançon, France; Bioinformatique et big data au service de la santé, UFR Santé, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Didier Hocquet
- Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU Besançon, France; Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR CNRS Chrono-environnement, Besançon, France; Bioinformatique et big data au service de la santé, UFR Santé, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.
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19
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Chen Y, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Lei L, Xia Z. Increasing Prevalence of ESBL-Producing Multidrug Resistance Escherichia coli From Diseased Pets in Beijing, China From 2012 to 2017. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2852. [PMID: 31921034 PMCID: PMC6915038 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated antimicrobial resistance trends and characteristics of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pets and whether this correlates with antibiotic usage in the clinic. Clinical samples containing E. coli from diseased cats and dogs were screened for antibiotic sensitivity and associated genotypic features. We identified 127 E. coli isolates from 1886 samples from dogs (n = 1565) and cats (n = 321) with the majority from urinary tract infections (n = 108, 85%). High rates of resistance were observed for β-lactams and fluoroquinolones and resistance to > 3 antibiotic classes (MDR) increased from 67% in 2012 to 75% in 2017 (P < 0.0001). This was especially true for strains resistant to 6-9 antibiotics that increased from 26.67 to 60.71%. Increased rates in β-lactam use for clinical treatment accompanied these increasing resistance rates. Accordingly, the most frequently encountered subtypes were bla CTX-M (n = 44, 34.65%), bla CTX-M-65 (n = 19) and bla CTX-M-15 (n = 18) and qnrB (n = 119, 93.70%). The bla CTX-M-isolates possessed 36 unique pulsed field electrophoretic types (PFGEs) and 28 different sequence types (STs) in ST405 (7, 15.9%), ST131 (3, 6.8%), ST73, ST101, ST372, and ST827 (2, 4.5% each) were the most prevalent. This data demonstrated a high level of diversity for the bla CTX-M-positive E. coli isolates. Additionally, bla NDM-5 was detected in three isolates (n = 3, 2.36%), comprised of two ST101 and one ST405 isolates, and mcr-1 was also observed in three colistin-resistant E. coli with three different STs (ST6316, ST405, and ST46). Our study demonstrates an increasing trend in MDR and ESBL-producing E. coli and this correlated with β-lactam antibiotic usage for treatment of these animals. This data indicates that there is significant risk for the spread of resistant bacteria from pets to humans and antibiotic use for pets should be more strictly regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyun Chen
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihai Liu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaru Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,The New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Zhenbiao Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Lei
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhaofei Xia
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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20
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Catho G, Huttner BD. Strategies for the eradication of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase or carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae intestinal carriage. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2019; 17:557-569. [PMID: 31313610 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2019.1645007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Among the multidrug resistant pathogens, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL-E) or carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) are currently considered the main threat due to the scarcity of therapeutic options and their rapid spread around the globe. In addition to developing new antibiotics and stopping transmission, recent research has focused on 'decolonization' strategies to eradicate the carriage of ESBL-E/CPE before infection occurs. Areas covered: In this narrative review, we aim to describe the current evidence of decolonization strategies for ESBL-E or CPE intestinal carriage. We first define decolonization and highlight the issues related to the lack of standardized definitions, then we summarize the available data on the natural history of colonization. Finally, we review the strategies assessed over the past 10 years for ESBL and CPE decolonization: oral antibiotics, probiotics and more recently fecal microbiota transplantation. We conclude by presenting the risks and uncertainties associated with these strategies. Expert opinion: The evidence available today is too low to recommend decolonization strategies for ESBL-E or CPE in routine clinical practice. The potential increase of resistance and the impact of microbiome manipulation should not be underestimated. Some of these decolonization strategies may nevertheless be effective, at least in temporarily suppressing colonization, which could be useful for specific populations such as high-risk patients. Effectiveness and long-term effects must be properly assessed through well-designed randomized controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaud Catho
- a Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Benedikt D Huttner
- a Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
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21
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Bortolami A, Zendri F, Maciuca EI, Wattret A, Ellis C, Schmidt V, Pinchbeck G, Timofte D. Diversity, Virulence, and Clinical Significance of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase- and pAmpC-Producing Escherichia coli From Companion Animals. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1260. [PMID: 31231344 PMCID: PMC6560200 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli are opportunistic pathogens with the potential to cause a variety of infections in both humans and animals and in many cases have developed antimicrobial resistance. In this study, we characterized extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistant (ESCR) E. coli isolates from diseased companion animals (dogs, cats, and horses) and related the results to clinical findings. ESCR E. coli clinical isolates obtained over a 6-year period were screened for extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and/or plasmid mediated AmpC (pAmpC) and virulence markers likely to be associated with extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). ESBL and/or pAmpC genetic determinants were identified in 79.9% of the ESCR E. coli isolates with bla CTX-M genes being the most common ESBL genotype of which bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-14, and bla CTX-M-55 were the most prevalent. In addition, bla CMY -2 was the most common genotype identified amongst pAmpC producing isolates. Phylogenetic group typing showed that B2 was the most prevalent phylogroup among the ESCR E. coli isolates, followed by the closely related phylogroups D and F which are also associated with extra-intestinal infections. ESCR was also identified in phylogroups commonly regarded as commensals (B1, A, and C). Virulence factor (VF) scores >2 were mostly present amongst isolates in phylogroup B2. Higher virulence scores were found in isolates lacking ESBL/pAmpC resistance genes compared with those carrying both genes (p < 0.05). Five of phylogroup B2 isolates, were typed to the pandemic virulent O25b-ST131 clone and three ST131 isolates carrying bla CTX-M-15 belonged to the subclade C2/H30Rx whilst one isolate carrying bla CTX-M-27 typed to the recently described sub-clade C1-M27. MLST typing also identified other sequence types commonly associated with infections in humans (ST410, ST10, and ST648). Most ESCR E. coli isolates obtained in pure growth were cultured from normally sterile body sites (mostly from urinary tract infections, UTIs) whilst only a small proportion were obtained from body sites populated with commensal flora (p < 0.0001). Our study has shown that ExPEC ESBL/pAmpC producing E. coli isolates are common amongst companion animal isolates and are associated with colonization and infection. In addition, their isolation from a normally sterile site is likely to be clinically significant and warrants antimicrobial treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Bortolami
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
| | - Flavia Zendri
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Iuliana Maciuca
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
| | - Andy Wattret
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Ellis
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
| | - Vanessa Schmidt
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
| | - Gina Pinchbeck
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
| | - Dorina Timofte
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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22
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Wang J, Ma ZB, Zeng ZL, Yang XW, Huang Y, Liu JH. The role of wildlife (wild birds) in the global transmission of antimicrobial resistance genes. Zool Res 2019; 38:55-80. [PMID: 28409502 PMCID: PMC5396029 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2017.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is an urgent global health challenge in human and veterinary medicine. Wild animals are not directly exposed to clinically relevant antibiotics; however, antibacterial resistance in wild animals has been increasingly reported worldwide in parallel to the situation in human and veterinary medicine. This underlies the complexity of bacterial resistance in wild animals and the possible interspecies transmission between humans, domestic animals, the environment, and wildlife. This review summarizes the current data on expanded-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), AmpC β-lactamase, carbapenemase, and colistin resistance genes in Enterobacteriaceae isolates of wildlife origin. The aim of this review is to better understand the important role of wild animals as reservoirs and vectors in the global dissemination of crucial clinical antibacterial resistance. In this regard, continued surveillance is urgently needed worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhen-Bao Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhen-Ling Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xue-Wen Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ying Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jian-Hua Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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23
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Dandachi I, Chabou S, Daoud Z, Rolain JM. Prevalence and Emergence of Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin-, Carbapenem- and Colistin-Resistant Gram Negative Bacteria of Animal Origin in the Mediterranean Basin. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2299. [PMID: 30323797 PMCID: PMC6172473 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, extended ESBL and carbapenemase producing Gram negative bacteria have become widespread in hospitals, community settings and the environment. This has been triggered by the few therapeutic options left when infections with these multi-drug resistant organisms occur. The emergence of resistance to colistin, the last therapeutic option against carbapenem-resistant bacteria, worsened the situation. Recently, animals were regarded as potent antimicrobial reservoir and a possible source of infection to humans. Enteric Gram negative bacteria in animals can be easily transmitted to humans by direct contact or indirectly through the handling and consumption of undercooked/uncooked animal products. In the Mediterranean basin, little is known about the current overall epidemiology of multi-drug resistant bacteria in livestock, companion, and domestic animals. This review describes the current epidemiology of ESBL, carbapenemase producers and colistin resistant bacteria of animal origin in this region of the world. The CTX-M group 1 seems to prevail in animals in this area, followed by SHV-12 and CTX-M group 9. The dissemination of carbapenemase producers and colistin resistance remains low. Isolated multi-drug resistant bacteria were often co-resistant to non-beta-lactam antibiotics, frequently used in veterinary medicine as treatment, growth promoters, prophylaxis and in human medicine for therapeutic purposes. Antibiotics used in veterinary medicine in this area include mainly tetracycline, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and polymyxins. Indeed, it appears that the emergence of ESBL and carbapenemase producers in animals is not related to the use of beta-lactam antibiotics but is, rather, due to the co-selective pressure applied by the over usage of non-beta-lactams. The level of antibiotic consumption in animals should be, therefore, re-considered in the Mediterranean area especially in North Africa and western Asia where no accurate data are available about the level of antibiotic consumption in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Dandachi
- IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Selma Chabou
- IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Ziad Daoud
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- D I Rendle
- Rainbow Equine Hospital, Malton, North Yorkshire, UK
| | - S W Page
- Advanced Veterinary Therapeutics, Newtown, Australia
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25
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Suay-García B, Galán F, Rodríguez-Iglesias MA, Pérez-Gracia MT. Detection and Characterization of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases-Producing Escherichia coli in Animals. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2018; 19:115-120. [PMID: 30129883 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2018.2333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of multidrug-resistant bacteria is a growing problem; however, the role of domesticated animals in the propagation of antimicrobial resistance has barely been studied. The aim of this study was to identify extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli strains in domestic animal feces to assess their antimicrobial resistance profile and carry out molecular characterization of the β-lactamases. A total of 325 samples were collected from eight animal species. Of these, 34 bacterial isolates were identified as E. coli. The antibiotic resistance profile of the E. coli strains was as follows: 100% resistant to amoxicillin, aztreonam, and cephalosporins; 58.8% resistant to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole; 41.2% resistant to gentamicin and tobramycin; 11.8% resistant and 32.4% intermediate to cefoxitin; 97.1% sensible and 2.9% intermediate to amoxicillin/clavulanate; and 100% sensible to ertapenem, minocycline, imipenem, meropenem, amikacin, nitrofurantoin, fosfomycin, and colistin. All 34 E. coli strains met criteria for ESBL production. In total, 46 β-lactamase genes were detected: 43.5% blaTEM, 30.4% blaCTX-M (23.9% blaCTX-M-1 and 6.5% blaCTX-M-9), and 26.1% blaSHV (17.4% blaSHV-5 and 8.7% blaSHV-12). All the β-lactamases were found in dogs except for four blaSHV found in falcons. No plasmidic AmpC genes were found. The high prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli strains in animals could become a zoonotic transmission vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Suay-García
- 1 Área de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Farmacia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas , Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Valencia, España
| | - Fátima Galán
- 2 Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar , Cádiz, España
| | | | - María Teresa Pérez-Gracia
- 1 Área de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Farmacia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas , Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Valencia, España
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26
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Santiago GS, Coelho IS, Bronzato GF, Moreira AB, Gonçalves D, Alencar TA, Ferreira HN, Castro BG, Souza MMS, Coelho SMO. Short communication: Extended-spectrum AmpC-producing Escherichia coli from milk and feces in dairy farms in Brazil. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:7808-7811. [PMID: 29935831 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The AmpC enzyme is normally expressed constitutively in Escherichia coli, and its overproduction confers resistance to cefoxitin. A newly reported AmpC, the extended-spectrum AmpC (ESAC), is related to resistance to cefepime, a fourth-generation cephalosporin. This enzyme presents more flexibility in the active site due to insertions, replacements, and deletions on AA sequences. Many isolates producing ESAC were reported in human clinical isolates, but E. coli ESAC producers were reported in animals only in France. The animal E. coli strains can produce this enzyme and possibly disseminate it to human and production environments. In our study, 3 strains of E. coli from milk and feces bovine samples, collected in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were suspected to produce ESAC. After excluding other mechanisms of resistance, the gene was sequenced to verify ESAC characteristics. These strains presented replacement of AA in omega and R2 loops, suggesting ESAC production. This is the first report to study ESAC E. coli in dairy farms in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Santiago
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 07, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
| | - I S Coelho
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 07, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - G F Bronzato
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 07, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - A B Moreira
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Alexander Ferronato Avenue, 1200, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - D Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Biological Science 18.P5.E3, Pharmacy Faculty of University of Porto, Jorge Viterbo Ferreira Street, 228, Porto, Portugal
| | - T A Alencar
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 07, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - H N Ferreira
- Laboratory of Biological Science 18.P5.E3, Pharmacy Faculty of University of Porto, Jorge Viterbo Ferreira Street, 228, Porto, Portugal
| | - B G Castro
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Alexander Ferronato Avenue, 1200, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - M M S Souza
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 07, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - S M O Coelho
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 07, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
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Melo LC, Oresco C, Leigue L, Netto HM, Melville PA, Benites NR, Saras E, Haenni M, Lincopan N, Madec JY. Prevalence and molecular features of ESBL/pAmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae in healthy and diseased companion animals in Brazil. Vet Microbiol 2018; 221:59-66. [PMID: 29981709 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)- and plasmid-mediated AmpC (pAmpC)-carrying Enterobacteriaceae have widely disseminated in human, animal and environmental reservoirs. Pets have been recognized as a source of ESBL/pAmpC worldwide, and are possibly also a source of human contamination. The aim of this study was to document to what extent cats and dogs may act as a driving force in the spread of ESBLs and pAmpCs in Brazil. A total of 113 healthy stray cats and dogs and 74 sick pets were sampled, and extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (ESC-R) were detected in 28/113 (24.8%) and 8/74 (10.8%) tested animals, respectively. Different Enterobacteriaceae isolates (mostly E. coli), a large number of E. coli clones (with ST90, ST457, ST973 and ST2541 being predominant), and several ESBL/pAmpC genes and plasmids were characterized, highlighting the ability of stray and pet cats and dogs to further spread a wide range of ESC-resistance determinants. The ESBL phenotype was due to the blaCTX-M-2 and blaCTX-M-8 genes, as found in human epidemiology in Brazil, but blaCTX-M-9 and blaCTX-M-15 were also identified. The pAmpC phenotype was systematically due to the presence of the blaCMY-2 gene, mostly carried by IncI1 ST12 plasmids. Our results showed that pets can be considered a significant reservoir of multidrug-resistant bacteria in Brazil. This is especially true for healthy stray dogs that displayed the highest prevalence (24.8%) of ESBLs/pAmpC resistance determinants, which can then be further spread both to the environment and to other animals or humans by contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana C Melo
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, ANSES Laboratoire de Lyon - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Cíntia Oresco
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucianne Leigue
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Priscilla A Melville
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nilson R Benites
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Estelle Saras
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, ANSES Laboratoire de Lyon - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Marisa Haenni
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, ANSES Laboratoire de Lyon - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
| | - Nilton Lincopan
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jean-Yves Madec
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, ANSES Laboratoire de Lyon - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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Liakopoulos A, Betts J, La Ragione R, van Essen-Zandbergen A, Ceccarelli D, Petinaki E, Koutinas CK, Mevius DJ. Occurrence and characterization of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in healthy household dogs in Greece. J Med Microbiol 2018; 67:931-935. [PMID: 29799389 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extended-spectrum cephalosporin- and/or carbapenem-resistant (ESCR and/or CarbR) Enterobacteriaceae constitute a public health hazard because of limited treatment options and are endemic among humans in Greece. Recently, ESCR and CarbREnterobacteriaceae have been increasingly isolated from companion animals, stressing their potential role as a reservoir for humans. However, the presence of ESCR bacteria in companion animals within Greek households has not been determined yet. Genes conferring the ESCR and CarbR phenotype were detected among canine isolates and their chromosomal or plasmid location was determined. Standard methods were applied for plasmid characterization. The clonal relatedness of the recovered isolates was examined by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Here, we report the first findings on the presence of ESCREnterobacteriaceae in healthy Greek dogs. ESCREscherichia coli isolates were associated with different sequence types (STs), including the human pandemic ST131 clone. The occurrence of human-related ESBL/pAmpC genes, plasmid types and/or strain STS in this animal reservoir suggests possible bilateral transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos Liakopoulos
- Present address: Department of Microbial Biotechnology and Health, Institute of Biology, University of Leiden, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Bacteriology and Epidemiology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Betts
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Roberto La Ragione
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | | | - Daniela Ceccarelli
- Department of Bacteriology and Epidemiology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Efthymia Petinaki
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Christos K Koutinas
- Companion Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dik J Mevius
- Department of Bacteriology and Epidemiology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Zogg AL, Simmen S, Zurfluh K, Stephan R, Schmitt SN, Nüesch-Inderbinen M. High Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing Enterobacteriaceae Among Clinical Isolates From Cats and Dogs Admitted to a Veterinary Hospital in Switzerland. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:62. [PMID: 29662886 PMCID: PMC5890143 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to identify and characterize extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae among clinical samples of companion animals. Methods A total of 346 non-duplicate Enterobacteriaceae isolates were collected between 2012 and 2016 from diseased cats (n = 115) and dogs (n = 231). The presence of blaESBL, PMQR genes, and the azithromycin resistance gene mph(A) was confirmed by PCR and sequencing of bla genes. Isolates were further characterized by antimicrobial resistance profiling, multilocus sequence typing, phylogenetic grouping, identification of mutations in the QRDR of gyrA and parC, and screening for virulence-associated genes. Results Among the 346 isolates, 72 (20.8%) were confirmed ESBL producers [58 Escherichia coli (E. coli), 11 Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), and 3 Enterobacter cloacae]. The strains were cultured from urine (n = 45), skin and skin wounds (n = 8), abscesses (n = 6), surgical sites (n = 6), bile (n = 4), and other sites (n = 3). ESBL genes included blaCTX-M-1, 14, 15, 27, 55, and blaSHV-12, predominantly blaCTX-M-15 (54.8%, 40/73), and blaCTX-M-1 (24.7%, 18/73). Further genes included qnrB (4.2%, 3/72), qnrS (9.7%, 7/72), aac(6')-Ib-cr (47.2%, 34/72), and mph(A) (38.9%, 28/72). Seventeen (23.6%) isolates belonged to the major lineages of human pathogenic K. pneumoniae ST11, ST15, and ST147 and E. coli ST131. The most prevalent ST was E. coli ST410 belonging to phylogenetic group C. Conclusion The high prevalence of ESBL producing clinical Enterobacteriaceae from cats and dogs in Switzerland and the presence of highly virulent human-related K. pneumoniae and E. coli clones raises concern about transmission prevention as well as infection management and prevention in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lena Zogg
- National Centre for Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Listeria, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Simmen
- National Centre for Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Listeria, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Zurfluh
- National Centre for Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Listeria, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Stephan
- National Centre for Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Listeria, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah N Schmitt
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Magdalena Nüesch-Inderbinen
- National Centre for Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Listeria, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Vitas AI, Naik D, Pérez-Etayo L, González D. Increased exposure to extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae through the consumption of chicken and sushi products. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 269:80-86. [PMID: 29421362 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence and patterns of resistance of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae in food products purchased in Navarra, northern Spain. A total of 174 samples of fish and chicken were analyzed from September 2015 to September 2016, including raw and ready-to-eat products: trout (n = 25), salmon (n = 28), panga (n = 13), chicken nuggets and chicken scalopes (n = 32), sushi (n = 31) and sliced cooked poultry (n = 45). Cefpodoxime-resistant strains were isolated on ChromID ESBL agar and further phenotypic (antimicrobial study on MicroScan© NM37 panel) and genotypic characterization (multiplex PCR, sequencing and multi-locus sequence typing, MLST) was performed to confirm and characterize ESBL producers. Raw chicken and sushi have been determined as the most risky products regarding transmission of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (occurrence 53.1% and 19.4%, respectively), while sliced cooked poultry products appear to be a safe product in this aspect. With regard to raw fish, prevalence in salmon was lower (3.6%) than in trout and panga (16.0%). Ninety-eight per cent of ESBL isolates (n = 50) show multidrug-resistant profiles, highlighting the high resistances against quinolones and tetracyclines observed in chicken isolates, as well as against ertapenem and chloramphenicol in sushi strains. Predominant β-lactamase type was SHV-12 (50.1%), followed by TEM-type (24.5%) and CTX-M (20.8%). In addition, CTX-M type was only detected in chicken products. The phylogenetic study showed the prevalence of groups A (35%), F (25%) and B1 (15%), usually related to nonvirulent strains. MLST E. coli isolates (n = 20) were grouped into 5 clonal complexes (CC) and 15 sequence types (ST), showing high clonal diversity. ST117 was the prevalent sequence type, while the human pathogen ST131 was not detected in this study. The high prevalence of ESBL-producing multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae detected in products of widespread consumption such as chicken and sushi, increases the concern regarding human exposure to superbugs and encourages the need to improve surveillance of this public health issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Vitas
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; IDISNA, Navarra Health Research Institute, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Dixita Naik
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; IDISNA, Navarra Health Research Institute, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Lara Pérez-Etayo
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; IDISNA, Navarra Health Research Institute, Pamplona, Spain
| | - David González
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; IDISNA, Navarra Health Research Institute, Pamplona, Spain
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31
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Wagner S, Lupolova N, Gally DL, Argyle SA. Convergence of plasmid architectures drives emergence of multi-drug resistance in a clonally diverse Escherichia coli population from a veterinary clinical care setting. Vet Microbiol 2017; 211:6-14. [PMID: 29102123 PMCID: PMC5680696 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Multi-drug resistant E. coli associated with urinary tract infections in dogs have a commensal strain background. Beta-lactam resistance is associated with blaCMY-2 located exclusively on a highly clonal IncI1 plasmid. IncI1 plasmids carried no other identifiable resistance genes. Isolates in some cases carried up to 5 plasmids, responsible for carriage of the additional resistances.
The purpose of this study was to determine the plasmid architecture and context of resistance genes in multi-drug resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli strains isolated from urinary tract infections in dogs. Illumina and single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing were applied to assemble the complete genomes of E. coli strains associated with clinical urinary tract infections, which were either phenotypically MDR or drug susceptible. This revealed that multiple distinct families of plasmids were associated with building an MDR phenotype. Plasmid-mediated AmpC (CMY-2) beta-lactamase resistance was associated with a clonal group of IncI1 plasmids that has remained stable in isolates collected up to a decade apart. Other plasmids, in particular those with an IncF replicon type, contained other resistance gene markers, so that the emergence of these MDR strains was driven by the accumulation of multiple plasmids, up to 5 replicons in specific cases. This study indicates that vulnerable patients, often with complex clinical histories provide a setting leading to the emergence of MDR E. coli strains in clonally distinct commensal backgrounds. While it is known that horizontally-transferred resistance supplements uropathogenic strains of E. coli such as ST131, our study demonstrates that the selection of an MDR phenotype in commensal E. coli strains can result in opportunistic infections in vulnerable patient populations. These strains provide a reservoir for the onward transfer of resistance alleles into more typically pathogenic strains and provide opportunities for the coalition of resistance and virulence determinants on plasmids as evidenced by the IncF replicons characterised in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Wagner
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Nadejda Lupolova
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - David L Gally
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Sally A Argyle
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, United Kingdom.
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32
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Pomba C, Rantala M, Greko C, Baptiste KE, Catry B, van Duijkeren E, Mateus A, Moreno MA, Pyörälä S, Ružauskas M, Sanders P, Teale C, Threlfall EJ, Kunsagi Z, Torren-Edo J, Jukes H, Törneke K. Public health risk of antimicrobial resistance transfer from companion animals. J Antimicrob Chemother 2017; 72:957-968. [PMID: 27999066 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkw481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobials are important tools for the therapy of infectious bacterial diseases in companion animals. Loss of efficacy of antimicrobial substances can seriously compromise animal health and welfare. A need for the development of new antimicrobials for the therapy of multiresistant infections, particularly those caused by Gram-negative bacteria, has been acknowledged in human medicine and a future corresponding need in veterinary medicine is expected. A unique aspect related to antimicrobial resistance and risk of resistance transfer in companion animals is their close contact with humans. This creates opportunities for interspecies transmission of resistant bacteria. Yet, the current knowledge of this field is limited and no risk assessment is performed when approving new veterinary antimicrobials. The objective of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the use and indications for antimicrobials in companion animals, drug-resistant bacteria of concern among companion animals, risk factors for colonization of companion animals with resistant bacteria and transmission of antimicrobial resistance (bacteria and/or resistance determinants) between animals and humans. The major antimicrobial resistance microbiological hazards originating from companion animals that directly or indirectly may cause adverse health effects in humans are MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, VRE, ESBL- or carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and Gram-negative bacteria. In the face of the previously recognized microbiological hazards, a risk assessment tool could be applied in applications for marketing authorization for medicinal products for companion animals. This would allow the approval of new veterinary medicinal antimicrobials for which risk levels are estimated as acceptable for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constança Pomba
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Merja Rantala
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | - Ana Mateus
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Miguel A Moreno
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Satu Pyörälä
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Modestas Ružauskas
- Veterinary Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Pascal Sanders
- Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (ANSES), Fougères, France
| | | | | | | | - Jordi Torren-Edo
- European Medicines Agency, London, UK.,Facultat de Veterinària, UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Helen Jukes
- Veterinary Medicines Directorate, Addlestone, UK
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Doi Y, Iovleva A, Bonomo RA. The ecology of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) in the developed world. J Travel Med 2017; 24:S44-S51. [PMID: 28521000 PMCID: PMC5731446 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taw102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the initial appearance in the 1980s, Enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) have increased in prevalence and emerged as a major antimicrobial-resistant pathogen. The source of these antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in the developed world is an area of active investigation. METHODS A standard internet search was conducted with a focus on the epidemiology and potential sources of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the developed world. RESULTS The last decade has witnessed several major changes in the epidemiology of these bacteria: replacement of TEM and SHV-type ESBLs by CTX-M-family ESBLs, emergence of Escherichia coli ST131 as a prevalent vehicle of ESBL, and spread of ESBL-producing E. coli in the community. The most studied potential sources of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in humans in the community include food and companion animals, the environment and person-to-person transmission, though definitive links are yet to be established. Evidence is emerging that international travel may serve as a major source of introduction of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae into the developed world. CONCLUSIONS ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae has become a major multidrug-resistant pathogen in the last two decades, especially in the community settings. The multifactorial nature of its expansion poses a major challenge in the efforts to control them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Doi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alina Iovleva
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robert A Bonomo
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Research Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America.,Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
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Karkaba A, Grinberg A, Benschop J, Pleydell E. Characterisation of extended-spectrum β-lactamase and AmpC β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated from companion animals in New Zealand. N Z Vet J 2017; 65:105-112. [PMID: 27973988 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2016.1271730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the occurrence of, and characterise, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC β-lactamase (AmpC)-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated by veterinary diagnostic laboratories from infection sites in companion animals in New Zealand. METHODS Selected Enterobacteriaceae isolates were submitted by seven New Zealand veterinary diagnostic laboratories. They were isolated from infection sites in companion animals between June 2012 and June 2013, and were resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, fluoroquinolones, or any combination of two or more antimicrobials. Based on disk diffusion test results, the isolates were phenotypically categorised according to production of ESBL and AmpC. Genes for ESBL and AmpC production were amplified by PCR and sequenced. Escherichia coli isolates were also typed by multilocus sequence typing. RESULTS A total of 115 isolates matching the inclusion criteria were obtained from the participating laboratories, of which 74 (64%) originated from dogs and 29 (25%) from cats. Seven bacterial species were identified, of which E. coli was the most common (87/115, 76%). Of the 115 isolates, 10 (9%) expressed the ESBL phenotype, 43 (37%) the AmpC phenotype, and seven (6%) both ESBL and AmpC phenotypes. Of the 60 ESBL and AmpC-producing isolates, 36 (60%) were E. coli. Amongst these isolates, 27/60 (45%) were classified as multidrug resistant, compared with 15/55 (27%) non-ESBL or AmpC-producing isolates (p<0.01). Ninety five isolates were resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and 58 (61%) of these were ESBL or AmpC-producing. The predominant ESBL genes were blaCTX-M-14 and blaCTX-M-15, and the dominant plasmid-encoded AmpC gene was blaCMY-2. Thirty-eight E. coli multilocus sequence types (ST) were identified, and the most prevalent were ST12 (12/89, 13%), ST131 (6/89, 7%) and ST648 (6/89, 7%). ESBL and AmpC-producing isolates accounted for 35/1,082 (3.2%) of the Enterobacteriaceae isolated by one laboratory network over the study period. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE ESBL and AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae were associated with clinical infections in companion animals in New Zealand, and were often multidrug resistant. In this study, these organisms accounted for <5% of all Enterobacteriaceae isolated from infection sites by one laboratory network, but their prevalence among isolates resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid was 61%. Therefore routine secondary testing for ESBL and AmpC production by Enterobacteriaceae that are resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid in primary testing could improve the accuracy of definitive antimicrobial therapy in companion animals in New Zealand.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Karkaba
- a Institute of Veterinary Animal and Biomedical Sciences , Massey University , Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442 , New Zealand
| | - A Grinberg
- a Institute of Veterinary Animal and Biomedical Sciences , Massey University , Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442 , New Zealand
| | - J Benschop
- a Institute of Veterinary Animal and Biomedical Sciences , Massey University , Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442 , New Zealand
| | - E Pleydell
- b mEpiLab, Hopkirk Research Institute, Institute of Veterinary Animal and Biomedical Sciences , Massey University , Palmerston North 4442 , New Zealand
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Moyaert H, Morrissey I, de Jong A, El Garch F, Klein U, Ludwig C, Thiry J, Youala M. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Monitoring of Bacterial Pathogens Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections in Dogs and Cats Across Europe: ComPath Results. Microb Drug Resist 2016; 23:391-403. [PMID: 28384093 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2016.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
ComPath is a pan-European antimicrobial surveillance program collecting bacterial pathogens from dogs and cats not recently exposed to antimicrobials. We present minimum inhibitory concentration data obtained using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute methodology for 616 urinary tract infection (UTI) isolates collected between 2008 and 2010. In both dogs and cats, the most common pathogen was Escherichia coli (59.8% and 46.7%, respectively). Antimicrobial activity against E. coli in dogs and cats was similar with fluoroquinolone and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole susceptibility >90%. Ampicillin susceptibility was ∼80%. Staphylococcus intermedius Group isolates from dogs (67/437, 15.3%) had high antimicrobial susceptibility (>90%) toward beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Four canine isolates (6%) were oxacillin resistant, and harbored mecA. Proteus mirabilis from dogs (48/437, 11.0%) had high antimicrobial susceptibility (∼90%) to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, enrofloxacin, and marbofloxacin and slightly lower susceptibility (∼80-85%) to ampicillin and orbifloxacin. Streptococcus canis isolates (35/437, 8.0%) from dogs were all susceptible to ampicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and >90% susceptible to marbofloxacin. Although resistance was not observed, high intermediate susceptibility was seen for both enrofloxacin (28.6%) and orbifloxacin (85.7%). Overall, antimicrobial in vitro activity appears to be high in UTI pathogens from dogs and cats with low multidrug resistance, although a lack of specific dog and cat breakpoints for important antimicrobials such as cefovecin, cephalexin, and ibafloxacin prevents analysis of susceptibility for these agents.
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36
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Ludwig C, de Jong A, Moyaert H, El Garch F, Janes R, Klein U, Morrissey I, Thiry J, Youala M. Antimicrobial susceptibility monitoring of dermatological bacterial pathogens isolated from diseased dogs and cats across Europe (ComPath results). J Appl Microbiol 2016; 121:1254-1267. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Ludwig
- CEESA ComPath Study Group; Brussels Belgium
| | - A. de Jong
- CEESA ComPath Study Group; Brussels Belgium
| | - H. Moyaert
- CEESA ComPath Study Group; Brussels Belgium
| | | | | | - U. Klein
- CEESA ComPath Study Group; Brussels Belgium
| | | | - J. Thiry
- CEESA ComPath Study Group; Brussels Belgium
| | - M. Youala
- CEESA ComPath Study Group; Brussels Belgium
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37
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Guillard T, de Jong A, Limelette A, Lebreil A, Madoux J, de Champs C. Characterization of quinolone resistance mechanisms in Enterobacteriaceae recovered from diseased companion animals in Europe. Vet Microbiol 2016; 194:23-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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38
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Morrissey I, Moyaert H, de Jong A, El Garch F, Klein U, Ludwig C, Thiry J, Youala M. Antimicrobial susceptibility monitoring of bacterial pathogens isolated from respiratory tract infections in dogs and cats across Europe: ComPath results. Vet Microbiol 2016; 191:44-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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39
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Ljungquist O, Ljungquist D, Myrenås M, Rydén C, Finn M, Bengtsson B. Evidence of household transfer of ESBL-/pAmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae between humans and dogs - a pilot study. Infect Ecol Epidemiol 2016; 6:31514. [PMID: 27330043 PMCID: PMC4916256 DOI: 10.3402/iee.v6.31514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (ESCRE) are an increasing healthcare problem in both human and veterinary medicine. The spread of ESCRE is complex with multiple reservoirs and different transmission routes. The aim of this study was to investigate if ESCRE carriage in dogs is more prevalent in households with a known human carrier, compared to households where humans are known to be negative for ESCRE. Identical ESCRE strains in humans and dogs of the same household would suggest a possible spread between humans and dogs. Methods Twenty-two dog owners with a positive rectal culture for ESCRE each collected a rectal sample from their dog. In addition, a control group of 29 healthy dog owners with a documented negative rectal culture for ESCRE each sampled their household dog. Samples were cultivated for ESCRE using selective methods. In households where both humans and dogs carried ESCRE, isolates were further analysed for antimicrobial susceptibility by disc diffusion or microdilution and for genotype and genetic relatedness using molecular methods. Results In 2 of 22 households studied, identical ESCRE strains with respect to bacterial species, antibiogram, genotype, and MLVA type were found in humans and dogs. The ESCRE found in the two households were ESBL-producing E. coli with the resistance gene blaCTX-M-27 and AmpC-producing E. coli with blaCMY-2, blaTEM-1. ESCRE were not found in dogs in the control group. Conclusions In households where humans are carrying ESCRE, identical strains were to a limited extent found also in household dogs, indicating a transfer between humans and dogs. In contrast, ESCRE were not found in dogs in households without human carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Ljungquist
- Department of Infectious Disease, Helsingborg's Hospital, Helsingborg, Sweden;
| | | | | | - Cecilia Rydén
- Department of Infectious Disease, Helsingborg's Hospital, Helsingborg, Sweden
| | - Maria Finn
- Swedish National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
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Damborg P, Morsing MK, Petersen T, Bortolaia V, Guardabassi L. CTX-M-1 and CTX-M-15-producing Escherichia coli in dog faeces from public gardens. Acta Vet Scand 2015; 57:83. [PMID: 26608707 PMCID: PMC4660786 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-015-0174-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli are increasingly reported in dogs. The objective of this study was to provide data on the prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli in dog faecal deposits in public gardens. Results A total of 209 faecal deposits collected in nine public gardens in Copenhagen, Denmark were screened by selective enrichment followed by plating on MacConkey agar supplemented with cefotaxime. Presumptive ESBL-producing E. coli were confirmed by MALDI-TOF MS and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of common cefotaxime resistance determinants (blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M and blaCMY-2). ESBL-producers were further characterized by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing using broth microdilution. Plasmids harbouring ESBL genes were characterized by S1 nuclease pulsed field gel electrophoresis, PCR-based replicon typing, and pMLST. Cefotaxime-resistant E. coli were detected in four (1.9 %) samples. Three samples harboured CTX-M-1-producing isolates, and one sample contained two CTX-M-15-producing isolates displaying distinct colony morphology. All isolates belonged to distinct sequence types (STs), including one E. coli lineage previously associated to a human-specific pathotype (ST59). blaCTX-M-1 was carried on IncI1 plasmids classified as ST3 or ST58 by pMLST, whereas blaCTX-M-15 was located on IncF/Y and non-typeable plasmids in the two strains isolated from the same sample. Conclusions The study shows that dog faeces are a vector for dissemination of CTX-M-producing E. coli within urban areas. The risk derived from human exposure to dog faeces in public gardens depends on the prevalence of these bacteria in the local dog population as well as on the owners’ practice to remove and dispose their dog’s faeces.
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