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Guo J, Givens DI, Heitmann BL. Association between dairy consumption and cardiovascular disease events, bone fracture and all-cause mortality. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271168. [PMID: 36083880 PMCID: PMC9462570 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dairy products are important constituents of a healthy and balanced diet, but their association with health outcomes remains to be established. We investigated the association of total dairy, total fermented dairy, and different dairy subtypes (including total/high-fat/low-fat milk, yogurt, cheese, butter, and cream) and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), coronary heart disease (CHD), bone fracture and all-cause mortality among 1746 Danish healthy men and women (30–60 years, 52%female). Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were estimated using the multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. During a mean follow-up of 30 years, incident cases of CVD (n = 904), CHD (n = 332), fracture (n = 447) and all-cause mortality (n = 680) were reported. High intake of total fermented dairy was associated with lower fracture risk (HR 0.67, 95% CI: 0.51–0.90, P = 0.02) than observed in the lowest tertile of the fermented dairy group. Furthermore, high intake of low-fat milk was associated with lower risks of CVD (HR 0.84, 95% CI: 0.68–1.03, P = 0.03), CHD (HR 0.82, 95% CI: 0.59–1.16, P = 0.04), and all-cause mortality (HR 0.77, 95% CI: 0.61–0.97, P = 0.004) compared with the lowest tertile of low-fat milk group. No associations were found with other dairy subtypes. The findings from this prospective cohort study suggest an inverse association between total fermented dairy and fracture risk, and also inverse associations were found between low-fat milk consumption and risk of CVD, CHD and all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health (JG and DIG), University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - David I. Givens
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health (JG and DIG), University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Berit Lilienthal Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Public Health, Section for General Practice, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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2
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Milk-Fat Intake and Differences in Abdominal Adiposity and BMI: Evidence Based on 13,544 Randomly-Selected Adults. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061832. [PMID: 34072074 PMCID: PMC8228755 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the relationship between milk-fat intake and obesity, particularly abdominal obesity, in 13,544 U.S. adults. A lesser objective was to measure the degree to which the association was influenced by multiple potential confounding variables. This cross-sectional study used data from the 2011-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Quantity of milk-fat regularly consumed was the exposure variable. Sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), a measure of abdominal obesity, and body mass index (BMI) were the outcome variables. Sagittal abdominal diameter is a strong predictor of visceral abdominal fat, when measured by computed tomography, and has been shown to predict cardiometabolic disorders better than BMI. After controlling for age, race, gender, physical activity, leisure computer use and gaming, alcohol habits, and cigarette use, significantly lower BMIs were associated with consistent non-fat and full-fat milk consumption (F = 4.1, p = 0.0063). A significantly lower SAD was associated only with regular consumption of non-fat milk (F = 5.0, p = 0.0019). No significant differences were detected between the other milk-fat groups or milk abstainers. In this nationally representative sample, only 19.6% of adults regularly consumed low-fat milk. In conclusion, consistent non-fat milk intake was predictive of lower levels of abdominal adiposity compared to consumption of higher levels of milk-fat.
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Sawh MC, Wallace M, Shapiro E, Goyal NP, Newton KP, Yu EL, Bross C, Durelle J, Knott C, Gangoiti JA, Barshop BA, Gengatharan JM, Meurs N, Schlein A, Middleton MS, Sirlin CB, Metallo CM, Schwimmer JB. Dairy Fat Intake, Plasma Pentadecanoic Acid, and Plasma Iso-heptadecanoic Acid Are Inversely Associated With Liver Fat in Children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2021; 72:e90-e96. [PMID: 33399331 PMCID: PMC8842839 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to evaluate the relevance of pediatric dairy fat recommendations for children at risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by studying the association between dairy fat intake and the amount of liver fat. The effects of dairy fat may be mediated by odd chain fatty acids (OCFA), such as pentadecanoic acid (C15:0), and monomethyl branched chain fatty acids (BCFA), such as iso-heptadecanoic acid (iso-C17:0). Therefore, we also evaluated the association between plasma levels of OCFA and BCFA with the amount of liver fat. METHODS Observational, cross-sectional, community-based sample of 237 children ages 8 to 17. Dairy fat intake was assessed by 3 24-hour dietary recalls. Plasma fatty acids were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Main outcome was hepatic steatosis measured by whole liver magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF). RESULTS Median dairy fat intake was 10.6 grams/day (range 0.0--44.5 g/day). Median liver MRI-PDFF was 4.5% (range 0.9%-45.1%). Dairy fat intake was inversely correlated with liver MRI-PDFF (r = -0.162; P = .012). In multivariable log linear regression, plasma C15:0 and iso-C17:0 were inverse predictors of liver MRI-PDFF (B = -0.247, P = 0.048; and B = -0.234, P = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS Dairy fat intake, plasma C15:0, and plasma iso-C17:0 were inversely correlated with hepatic steatosis in children. These hypothesis-generating findings should be tested through clinical trials to better inform dietary guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Catherine Sawh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics; University of California San Diego; La Jolla, California
| | - Martina Wallace
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Emma Shapiro
- Boston University College of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences: Sargent College, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nidhi P. Goyal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics; University of California San Diego; La Jolla, California
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Kimberly P. Newton
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics; University of California San Diego; La Jolla, California
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Elizabeth L. Yu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics; University of California San Diego; La Jolla, California
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Craig Bross
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics; University of California San Diego; La Jolla, California
| | - Janis Durelle
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics; University of California San Diego; La Jolla, California
| | - Cynthia Knott
- Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Jon A. Gangoiti
- Division of Genetics, Biochemical Genetics and Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics; University of California San Diego; La Jolla, California
| | - Bruce A. Barshop
- Division of Genetics, Biochemical Genetics and Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics; University of California San Diego; La Jolla, California
| | - Jivani M. Gengatharan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Noah Meurs
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Alexandra Schlein
- Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Michael S. Middleton
- Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Claude B. Sirlin
- Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Christian M. Metallo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jeffrey B. Schwimmer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics; University of California San Diego; La Jolla, California
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego, San Diego, California
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Schmidt KA, Cromer G, Burhans MS, Kuzma JN, Hagman DK, Fernando I, Murray M, Utzschneider KM, Holte S, Kraft J, Kratz M. The impact of diets rich in low-fat or full-fat dairy on glucose tolerance and its determinants: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113:534-547. [PMID: 33184632 PMCID: PMC7948850 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dairy foods, particularly yogurt, and plasma biomarkers of dairy fat intake are consistently inversely associated with incident type 2 diabetes. Yet, few trials assessing the impact of dairy on glucose homeostasis include fermented or full-fat dairy foods. OBJECTIVES We aimed to compare the effects of diets rich in low-fat or full-fat milk, yogurt, and cheese on glucose tolerance and its determinants, with those of a limited dairy diet. METHODS In this parallel-design randomized controlled trial, 72 participants with metabolic syndrome completed a 4-wk wash-in period, limiting dairy intake to ≤3 servings/wk of nonfat milk. Participants were then randomly assigned to either continue the limited dairy diet, or switch to a diet containing 3.3 servings/d of either low-fat or full-fat dairy for 12 wk. Outcome measures included glucose tolerance (area under the curve glucose during an oral-glucose-tolerance test), insulin sensitivity, pancreatic β-cell function, systemic inflammation, liver-fat content, and body weight and composition. RESULTS In the per-protocol analysis (n = 67), we observed no intervention effect on glucose tolerance (P = 0.340). Both the low-fat and full-fat dairy diets decreased the Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (ISI) (means ± SDs -0.47 ± 1.07 and -0.25 ± 0.91, respectively) and as compared with the limited dairy group (0.00 ± 0.92) (P = 0.012 overall). Body weight also changed differentially (P = 0.006 overall), increasing on full-fat dairy (+1.0 kg; -0.2, 1.8 kg) compared with the limited dairy diet (-0.4 kg; -2.5, 0.7 kg), whereas the low-fat dairy diet (+0.3 kg; -1.1, 1.9 kg) was not significantly different from the other interventions. Intervention effects on the Matsuda ISI remained after adjusting for changes in adiposity. No intervention effects were detected for liver fat content or systemic inflammation. Findings in intent-to-treat analyses (n = 72) were consistent. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to our hypothesis, neither dairy diet improved glucose tolerance in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Both dairy diets decreased insulin sensitivity through mechanisms largely unrelated to changes in key determinants of insulin sensitivity.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02663544.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey A Schmidt
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Nutritional Sciences Program, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gail Cromer
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Maggie S Burhans
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jessica N Kuzma
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Derek K Hagman
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Imashi Fernando
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Nutritional Sciences Program, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Merideth Murray
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Nutritional Sciences Program, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kristina M Utzschneider
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sarah Holte
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jana Kraft
- The College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Mario Kratz
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Nutritional Sciences Program, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Galvis-Pérez Y, Marín-Echeverri C, Franco Escobar CP, Aristizábal JC, Fernández ML, Barona-Acevedo J. Comparative Evaluation of the Effects of Consumption of Colombian Agraz ( Vaccinium meridionale Swartz) on Insulin Resistance, Antioxidant Capacity, and Markers of Oxidation and Inflammation, Between Men and Women with Metabolic Syndrome. Biores Open Access 2020; 9:247-254. [PMID: 33269114 PMCID: PMC7703308 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2020.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MS) is a constellation of related factors that increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Vaccinium meridionale Swartz contains polyphenols that could modulate some components of MS. Epidemiological and intervention studies have shown differences between men and women in MS components and antioxidant capacity. The objective of this study is to compare between men and women with MS the effects of agraz consumption on insulin resistance, antioxidant capacity, and markers of oxidation and inflammation. Men and women diagnosed with MS according to the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria were recruited in a double-blind, crossover study of 12 weeks. Participants were assigned to consume agraz nectar or placebo over 4 weeks. After 4 weeks of washout, they were switched to the alternative treatment. At the end of each period, the components of the MS, insulin resistance, antioxidant capacity, and some oxidative (oxidized low-density lipoprotein [oxLDL]; thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) and inflammatory (high-sensitive C-reactive protein [hs-CRP]) markers were evaluated. After consuming agraz, there was a tendency to increase the levels of antioxidants and to reduce the levels of hs-CRP in both genders. In addition, women who increased their serum phenols after consuming agraz had a significant reduction in insulin resistance, which was different from the results in men. Regarding men, those who increased their serum antioxidant capacity after consuming agraz had a better effect on the reduction of oxLDL levels that was significant compared to women. There are important differences between genders in the effects of agraz consumption in adults with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeisson Galvis-Pérez
- Research Group of Toxinology, Therapeutic and Food Alternatives, School of Microbiology, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Catalina Marín-Echeverri
- Research Group of Toxinology, Therapeutic and Food Alternatives, School of Microbiology, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Claudia Patricia Franco Escobar
- Research Group of Toxinology, Therapeutic and Food Alternatives, School of Microbiology, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan C Aristizábal
- Research Group of Physiology and Biochemistry (PHYSIS), School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Maria-Luz Fernández
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jacqueline Barona-Acevedo
- Research Group of Toxinology, Therapeutic and Food Alternatives, School of Microbiology, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
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Nieman KM, Anderson BD, Cifelli CJ. The Effects of Dairy Product and Dairy Protein Intake on Inflammation: A Systematic Review of the Literature. J Am Coll Nutr 2020; 40:571-582. [PMID: 32870744 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2020.1800532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Systemic inflammation is associated with obesity and chronic disease risk. Intake of dairy foods is associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease; however, the impact of dairy foods on inflammation is not well-established. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review to evaluate the effect of dairy product (milk, cheese, and yogurt) and dairy protein consumption on low-grade systemic inflammation in adults without severe inflammatory disorders. A literature search was completed in September 2019 using PubMed and CENTRAL as well as inspection of reference lists from relevant review articles. The search resulted in the identification of 27 randomized controlled trials which were included in this analysis. In the 19 trials which evaluated dairy products, 10 reported no effect of the intervention, while 8 reported a reduction in at least one biomarker of inflammation. All 8 trials that investigated dairy protein intake on markers of inflammation reported no effect of the intervention. The available literature suggests that dairy products and dairy proteins have neutral to beneficial effects on biomarkers of inflammation. Additional clinical studies designed using inflammatory biomarkers as the primary outcome are needed to fully elucidate the effects of dairy intake on inflammation.
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Baspinar B, Güldaş M. Traditional plain yogurt: a therapeutic food for metabolic syndrome? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:3129-3143. [PMID: 32746616 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1799931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Dairy products have an important role in a healthy diet due to their high-quality protein and rich micronutrients. Yogurt, a fermented milk product, has a similar composition to milk but is a more concentrated product in terms of group B vitamins, minerals, and proteins. It is known that bioactive metabolites and live enzymes that occur by fermentation and digestion, affect the health positively by improving gut microbiota. In recent years, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, which threatens public health, is increasing rapidly. As with other noninfectious diseases, the diet has an important effect on the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome. It has been demonstrated that yogurt has a high-quality amino acid pattern, reduces energy intake by stimulating satiety, and regulates blood glucose level. In addition to the rich protein variety, yogurt also contains peptides that positively affect blood pressure. Unlike milk, increased acidity during the fermentation of yogurt positively affects calcium absorption. Calcium plays an important role in the control of blood glucose and energy metabolism through insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent routes. In addition to reducing inflammation, calcium has a positive effect on the regulation of the blood lipid profile by increasing fecal fat excretion. There are many lipid and lipoid nutrients such as saturated fatty acids, phospholipids, sphingolipids, and conjugated linoleic acid that may affect the blood lipid profile in yogurt positively or negatively. There are seen very few randomized controlled studies that are focused on the relationship between yogurt and metabolic syndrome, and these are based on contradictory results. In this review, based on the clinical studies conducted to date, and the nutrient content of yogurt, possible mechanisms of these contradictory results are investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busra Baspinar
- Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara Universitesi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Metin Güldaş
- Nutrition and Dietetics, Uludag University, Görükle, Bursa, Turkey
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Guo J, Givens DI, Astrup A, Bakker SJL, Goossens GH, Kratz M, Marette A, Pijl H, Soedamah‐Muthu SS. The Impact of Dairy Products in the Development of Type 2 Diabetes: Where Does the Evidence Stand in 2019? Adv Nutr 2019; 10:1066-1075. [PMID: 31124561 PMCID: PMC6855942 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has increased rapidly. Adopting a heathy diet is suggested as one of the effective behaviors to prevent or delay onset of T2D. Dairy consumption has been recommended as part of a healthy diet, but there remains uncertainty in both the scientific community and the public about the effect of different dairy products on T2D risk. In a recent workshop, the evidence on dairy products and T2D risk was presented and discussed by a group of experts. The main conclusions from the workshop are presented in this position paper and are as follows. 1) Available evidence from large prospective cohort studies and limited randomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggests that total dairy consumption has a neutral or moderately beneficial effect on T2D risk. 2) Increasing evidence from prospective cohort studies indicates that yogurt is most strongly associated with a lower T2D risk, but evidence from RCTs is scarce. 3) Fatty acids from dairy (medium-chain, odd, and very long-chain SFAs as well as trans-palmitoleic acid) are associated with lower T2D risk and improved metabolic health, but more research is needed on studies that explore cause and effect relations to exclude the possibility that the dairy fatty acids simply serve as markers of overall dairy consumption. 4) The food matrix can be a stronger determinant of health effects than SFA content. This review further identifies research gaps in the existing knowledge and highlights key research questions that need to be addressed to better understand the impact of dairy consumption on future T2D risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - D Ian Givens
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Arne Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Gijs H Goossens
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Mario Kratz
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - André Marette
- Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hanno Pijl
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sabita S Soedamah‐Muthu
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic Diseases, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
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Buziau AM, Soedamah-Muthu SS, Geleijnse JM, Mishra GD. Total Fermented Dairy Food Intake Is Inversely Associated with Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Women. J Nutr 2019; 149:1797-1804. [PMID: 31192363 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relation between fermented dairy consumption and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in an Australian population remains to be established. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the association between fermented dairy consumption and T2DM and CVD risk. METHODS The Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health included Australian women (aged 45-50 y) at baseline in 2001, who were followed up through 5 surveys until 2016. Dietary intake was assessed through the use of a validated 101-item FFQ at baseline. Main study outcomes were self-reported physician-diagnosed T2DM and CVD. Logistic regression models adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors were used to estimate the association between dairy intake and T2DM and CVD risk. RESULTS Of 7633 women free of diabetes at baseline, 701 (9.2%) developed T2DM during a maximum 15-y follow-up period. Women in the highest tertile of yogurt intake had lower adjusted odds of T2DM than those in the lowest tertile (OR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.67, 0.99; P = 0.041). This relation became nonsignificant after adjustment for dietary variables and total energy intake (OR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.71, 1.08; P = 0.21). Of 7679 women free of CVD at baseline, 835 (10.9%) cases of CVD were reported during follow-up. High intake of yogurt and total fermented dairy was associated with lower CVD risk (OR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.70, 1.00; P = 0.05, 0.80; 0.67, 0.96; 0.017, respectively) than observed in the lowest tertile of dairy product intake. Additional adjustment attenuated the relation (OR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.72, 1.04; P = 0.13, 0.83; 0.69, 1.00; 0.048, for yogurt and total fermented dairy, respectively). No associations were found with other dairy groups. CONCLUSION The findings from this population-based study of Australian women suggest an inverse association between total fermented dairy intake and CVD risk, which may partly be accounted for by other dietary components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amée M Buziau
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Sabita S Soedamah-Muthu
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic Diseases, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Johanna M Geleijnse
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Gita D Mishra
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Sochol KM, Johns TS, Buttar RS, Randhawa L, Sanchez E, Gal M, Lestrade K, Merzkani M, Abramowitz MK, Mossavar-Rahmani Y, Melamed ML. The Effects of Dairy Intake on Insulin Resistance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092237. [PMID: 31533272 PMCID: PMC6769921 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) has increased in the US over the last several years. The consumption of low-fat dairy foods has been linked with decreasing the risk of DM but studies have yet to show a clear correlation. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of dairy intake on homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), waist circumference, and body weight. In MEDLINE and Embase, we identified and reviewed 49 relevant RCTs: 30 had appropriate data format for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Using the Review Manager 5 software, we calculated the pooled standardized mean differences comparing dairy dietary interventions to control for our outcomes of interest. For HOMA-IR (794 individuals), we found a mean difference of −1.21 (95% CI −1.74 to −0.67; p-value < 0.00001; I2 = 92%). For waist circumference (1348 individuals), the mean difference was −1.09 cm (95% CI 1.68 to −0.58; p-value < 0.00001; I2 = 94%). For body weight (2362 individuals), the dairy intake intervention group weighed 0.42 kg less than control (p-value < 0.00001; I2 = 92%). Our findings suggest that dairy intake, especially low-fat dairy products, has a beneficial effect on HOMA-IR, waist circumference, and body weight. This could impact dietary recommendations to reduce DM risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M Sochol
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Tanya S Johns
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Rupinder S Buttar
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Lovepreet Randhawa
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Edeline Sanchez
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Maya Gal
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Katherine Lestrade
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Massini Merzkani
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Matthew K Abramowitz
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Michal L Melamed
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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11
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Kummer K, Jensen PN, Kratz M, Lemaitre RN, Howard BV, Cole SA, Fretts AM. Full-Fat Dairy Food Intake is Associated with a Lower Risk of Incident Diabetes Among American Indians with Low Total Dairy Food Intake. J Nutr 2019; 149:1238-1244. [PMID: 31070753 PMCID: PMC6904417 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet plays a key role in development of diabetes, and there has been recent interest in better understanding the association of dairy food intake with diabetes. OBJECTIVE This study examined the associations of full-fat and low-fat dairy food intake with incident diabetes among American Indians-a population with a high burden of diabetes. METHODS The study included participants from the Strong Heart Family Study (SHFS), a family-based study of cardiovascular disease in American Indians, free of diabetes at baseline (2001-2003) (n = 1623). Participants were 14-86-y-old at baseline and 60.8% were female. Dairy food intake was assessed using a Block food frequency questionnaire. Incident diabetes was defined using American Diabetes Association criteria. Parametric survival models with a Weibull distribution were used to evaluate the associations of full-fat and low-fat dairy food intake with incident diabetes. Serving sizes were defined as 250 mL for milk and 42.5 g for cheese. RESULTS We identified 277 cases of diabetes during a mean follow-up of 11 y. Reported intake of dairy foods was low [median full-fat dairy food intake: 0.11 serving/1000 kcal; median low-fat dairy food intake: 0.03 serving/1000 kcal]. Participants who reported the highest full-fat dairy food intake had a lower risk of diabetes compared to those who reported the lowest full-fat food dairy intake [HR (95% CI): 0.79 (0.59, 1.06); P-trend = 0.03, comparing extreme tertiles, after adjustment for age, sex, site, physical activity, education, smoking, diet quality, and low-fat dairy food intake]. Low-fat dairy food intake was not associated with diabetes. CONCLUSIONS American Indians who participated in the SHFS reported low dairy food intake. Participants who reported higher full-fat dairy food intake had a lower risk of diabetes than participants who reported lower intake. These findings may be of interest to populations with low dairy food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul N Jensen
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Mario Kratz
- Department of Epidemiology,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Barbara V Howard
- Medstar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD,Georgetown and Howard Universities Center for Translational Sciences, Washington, DC
| | | | - Amanda M Fretts
- Department of Epidemiology,Address correspondence to AMF (e-mail: )
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12
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Dougkas A, Barr S, Reddy S, Summerbell CD. A critical review of the role of milk and other dairy products in the development of obesity in children and adolescents. Nutr Res Rev 2019; 32:106-127. [PMID: 30477600 PMCID: PMC6536827 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422418000227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Existing reviews suggest that milk and other dairy products do not play a role in the development of obesity in childhood, but they do make an important contribution to children's nutrient intake. It is thus curious that public health advice on the consumption of dairy products for children is often perceived as unclear. The present review aimed to provide an overview of the totality of the evidence on the association between milk and other dairy products, and obesity and indicators of adiposity, in children. Our search identified forty-three cross-sectional studies, thirty-one longitudinal cohort studies and twenty randomised controlled trials. We found that milk and other dairy products are consistently found to be not associated, or inversely associated, with obesity and indicators of adiposity in children. Adjustment for energy intake tended to change inverse associations to neutral. Also, we found little evidence to suggest that the relationship varied by type of milk or dairy product, or age of the children, although there was a dearth of evidence for young children. Only nine of the ninety-four studies found a positive association between milk and other dairy products and body fatness. There may be some plausible mechanisms underlying the effect of milk and other dairy products on adiposity that influence energy and fat balance, possibly through fat absorption, appetite or metabolic activity of gut microbiota. In conclusion, there is little evidence to support a concern to limit the consumption of milk and other dairy products for children on the grounds that they may promote obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anestis Dougkas
- Institut Paul Bocuse Research Centre, Institut Paul Bocuse, Château du Vivier, BP 25, 69131 Ecully Cedex, France
| | - Suzanne Barr
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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13
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McClure ST, Rebholz CM, Medabalimi S, Hu EA, Xu Z, Selvin E, Appel LJ. Dietary phosphorus intake and blood pressure in adults: a systematic review of randomized trials and prospective observational studies. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:1264-1272. [PMID: 31051505 PMCID: PMC6499505 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated blood pressure (BP) is a major cause of preventable disease in the United States and around the world. It has been postulated that phosphorus intake may affect BP, with some studies suggesting a direct and others an inverse association. OBJECTIVES We systematically reviewed the literature on the association of dietary phosphorus with BP in adults and performed a qualitative synthesis. METHODS We included randomized and nonrandomized behavioral intervention and feeding studies (intervention studies) and prospective observational studies that measured dietary phosphorus intake or urinary phosphorus excretion and BP. We excluded studies of supplements, children, or individuals with major medical conditions. We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Trials, and clinicaltrials.gov on 1 June, 2017 and 22 August, 2018. We assessed studies' risk of bias in their assessment of phosphorus exposure and BP. RESULTS We reviewed 4759 publications and included 14 intervention studies (2497 participants), 3 prospective observational cohorts (17,795 participants), and 2 ongoing trials. No included intervention studies were designed specifically to achieve a phosphorus contrast. Two studies found a significant positive association of dietary phosphorus with systolic BP, 4 a significant inverse association, and 8 no significant association. Four studies found a significant inverse association with diastolic BP and 10 no significant associations. Two cohorts found lower risk of incident hypertension comparing the highest with the lowest quintiles of phosphorus intake and 1 found no significant difference: HR: 0.86 (95% CI: 0.75, 0.98); HR: 0.83 (95% CI: 0.68, 1.02); and HR: 0.75 (95% CI: 0.45, 1.27), respectively. CONCLUSIONS We found no consistent association between total dietary phosphorus intake and BP in adults in the published literature nor any randomized trials designed to examine this association. This trial was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ as CRD42017062489.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott T McClure
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Casey M Rebholz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sibyl Medabalimi
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Emily A Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Zhe Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Elizabeth Selvin
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Lawrence J Appel
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Yu E, Hu FB. Dairy Products, Dairy Fatty Acids, and the Prevention of Cardiometabolic Disease: a Review of Recent Evidence. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2018; 20:24. [PMID: 29564646 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-018-0724-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To examine recent literature on dairy products, dairy fatty acids, and cardiometabolic disease. Primary questions of interest include what unique challenges researchers face when investigating dairy products/biomarkers, whether one should consume dairy to reduce disease risk, whether dairy fatty acids may be beneficial for health, and whether one should prefer low- or high-fat dairy products. RECENT FINDINGS Dairy composes about 10% of the calories in a typical American diet, about half of that coming from fluid milk, half coming from cheese, and small amounts from yogurt. Most meta-analyses report no or weak inverse association between dairy intake with cardiovascular disease and related intermediate outcomes. There is some suggestion that dairy consumption was inversely associated with stroke incidence and yogurt consumption was associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes. Odd chain fatty acids (OCFAs) found primarily in dairy (15:0 and 17:0) appear to be inversely associated with cardiometabolic risk, but causation is uncertain. Substitution analyses based on prospective cohorts suggested that replacing dairy fat with vegetable fat or polyunsaturated fat was associated with significantly lower risk of cardiovascular disease. Current evidence suggests null or weak inverse association between consumption of dairy products and risk of cardiovascular disease. However, replacing dairy fat with polyunsaturated fat, especially from plant-based foods, may confer health benefits. More research is needed to examine health effects of different types of dairy products in diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Yu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Build II Floor 3, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Build II Floor 3, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA.
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
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15
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In vitro and in vivo antioxidant potential of milks, yoghurts, fermented milks and cheeses: a narrative review of evidence. Nutr Res Rev 2017; 31:52-70. [PMID: 28965518 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422417000191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidant potential (AP) is an important nutritional property of foods, as increased oxidative stress is involved in most diet-related chronic diseases. In dairy products, the protein fraction contains antioxidant activity, especially casein. Other antioxidants include: antioxidant enzymes; lactoferrin; conjugated linoleic acid; coenzyme Q10; vitamins C, E, A and D3; equol; uric acid; carotenoids; and mineral activators of antioxidant enzymes. The AP of dairy products has been extensively studied in vitro, with few studies in animals and human subjects. Available in vivo studies greatly differ in their design and objectives. Overall, on a 100 g fresh weight-basis, AP of dairy products is close to that of grain-based foods and vegetable or fruit juices. Among dairy products, cheeses present the highest AP due to their higher protein content. AP of milk increases during digestion by up to 2·5 times because of released antioxidant peptides. AP of casein is linked to specific amino acids, whereas β-lactoglobulin thiol groups play a major role in the AP of whey. Thermal treatments such as ultra-high temperature processing have no clear effect on the AP of milk. Raw fat-rich milks have higher AP than less fat-rich milk, because of lipophilic antioxidants. Probiotic yoghurts and fermented milks have higher AP than conventional yoghurt and milk because proteolysis by probiotics releases antioxidant peptides. Among the probiotics, Lactobacillus casei/acidophilus leads to the highest AP. The data are insufficient for cheese, but fermentation-based changes appear to make a positive impact on AP. In conclusion, AP might participate in the reported dairy product-protective effects against some chronic diseases.
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16
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Robberecht H, Bruyne TD, Hermans N. Biomarkers of the metabolic syndrome: Influence of minerals, oligo- and trace elements. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2017; 43:23-28. [PMID: 28277234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Influences of minerals, oligo- and trace elements on the concentration of biomarkers of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) are reviewed. Since food is a complex mixture of caloric compounds and essential non-caloric food components with multiple interactions and varying bioavailability, it is hard to separate or identify the effect of one single component in a total meal or diet. Moreover the diet contains various non-nutritive biologically active components, which may add some beneficial characteristics. Therefore, conclusions on the effect of components on various biomarkers of MetS are sometimes quite contradictory. Reasons therefore are mentioned. Literature data should be studied in detail to conclude whether a component is related to a reduction of MetS-related symptoms or whether its influence is merely affecting a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Robberecht
- University of Antwerp, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Foods, NatuRA (Natural Products and Food-Research and Analysis), Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Tess De Bruyne
- University of Antwerp, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Foods, NatuRA (Natural Products and Food-Research and Analysis), Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Nina Hermans
- University of Antwerp, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Foods, NatuRA (Natural Products and Food-Research and Analysis), Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
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17
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Turner KM, Keogh JB, Meikle PJ, Clifton PM. Changes in Lipids and Inflammatory Markers after Consuming Diets High in Red Meat or Dairy for Four Weeks. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9080886. [PMID: 28817063 PMCID: PMC5579679 DOI: 10.3390/nu9080886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a body of evidence linking inflammation, altered lipid metabolism, and insulin resistance. Our previous research found that insulin sensitivity decreased after a four-week diet high in dairy compared to a control diet and to one high in red meat. Our aim was to determine whether a relationship exists between changes in insulin sensitivity and inflammatory biomarkers, or with lipid species. Fasting Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α), Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor II (sTNF-RII), C-reactive protein (CRP), and lipids were measured at the end of each diet. TNF-α and the ratio TNF-α/sTNF-RII were not different between diets and TNF-α, sTNF-RII, or the ratio TNF-α/sTNF-RII showed no association with homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). A number of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) species differed between dairy and red meat and dairy and control diets, as did many phosphatidylcholine (PC) species and cholesteryl ester (CE) 14:0, CE15:0, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) 14:0, and LPC15:0. None had a significant relationship (p = 0.001 or better) with log homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), although LPC14:0 had the strongest relationship (p = 0.004) and may be the main mediator of the effect of dairy on insulin sensitivity. LPC14:0 and the whole LPC class were correlated with CRP. The correlations between dietary change and the minor plasma phospholipids PI32:1 and PE32:1 are novel and may reflect significant changes in membrane composition. Inflammatory markers were not altered by changes in protein source while the correlation of LPC with CRP confirms a relationship between changes in lipid profile and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty M Turner
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Jennifer B Keogh
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Peter J Meikle
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
| | - Peter M Clifton
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
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18
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Lee KW, Cho W. The Consumption of Dairy Products Is Associated with Reduced Risks of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Women but not in Men. Nutrients 2017. [PMID: 28629203 PMCID: PMC5490609 DOI: 10.3390/nu9060630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the association between dairy product consumption and the risk of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Korean adults. Data from 13,692 Korean adults aged ≥19 years from the KNHANES 2010–2013 were used. The study participants were divided into three groups according to the serving size of dairy products they consumed based on a single 24-h recall. About 58% of the Korean adults did not consume any dairy products in one day. In both the sexes, only those who adhered to the recommendation for dairy products (≥1 serving/day) achieved the daily requirement of calcium. Women who consumed ≥1 serving/day of dairy products had lower risks of obesity (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2) (adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 0.77; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.66–0.89; p for trend < 0.01) and MetS (AOR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.56–0.80; p for trend < 0.01) than women who did not consume dairy products. However, these significant associations were not observed in men. In conclusion, consuming ≥ 1 serving/day of dairy products could be an easy and efficient strategy for meeting daily calcium requirement as well as lowering risks of obesity and MetS among Korean women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Won Lee
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, 469 Wilson Road, Trout FSHN Building, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Wookyoun Cho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi 13120, Korea.
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19
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Falahi E, Roosta S, Abedini M, Ebrahimzadeh F. Relationship between yoghurt consumption and components of metabolic syndrome: A cross-sectional study in the west of Iran. Int Dairy J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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20
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Angelopoulos TJ, Lowndes J, Sinnett S, Rippe JM. Fructose Containing Sugars at Normal Levels of Consumption Do Not Effect Adversely Components of the Metabolic Syndrome and Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease. Nutrients 2016; 8:179. [PMID: 27023594 PMCID: PMC4848648 DOI: 10.3390/nu8040179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to explore our hypothesis that average consumption of fructose and fructose containing sugars would not increase risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the metabolic syndrome (MetS). A randomized, double blind, parallel group study was conducted where 267 individuals with BMI between 23 and 35 kg/m2 consumed low fat sugar sweetened milk, daily for ten weeks as part of usual weight-maintenance diet. One group consumed 18% of calories from high fructose corn syrup (HFCS), another group consumed 18% of calories from sucrose, a third group consumed 9% of calories from fructose, and the fourth group consumed 9% of calories from glucose. There was a small change in waist circumference (80.9 ± 9.5 vs. 81.5 ± 9.5 cm) in the entire cohort, as well as in total cholesterol (4.6 ± 1.0 vs. 4.7 ± 1.0 mmol/L, p < 0.01), triglycerides (TGs) (11.5 ± 6.4 vs. 12.6 ± 8.9 mmol/L, p < 0.01), and systolic (109.2 ± 10.2 vs. 106.1 ± 10.4 mmHg, p < 0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (69.8 ± 8.7 vs. 68.1 ± 9.7 mmHg, p < 0.01). The effects of commonly consumed sugars on components of the MetS and CVD risk factors are minimal, mixed and not clinically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore J Angelopoulos
- Obesity Research Center, School of Health Sciences, Emory & Henry College, 601 Radio Hill Rd, Marion, VA 24354, USA.
| | - Joshua Lowndes
- Rippe Lifestyle Institute of Florida, 215 Celebration Place, Celebration, FL 34747, USA.
| | - Stephanie Sinnett
- Rippe Lifestyle Institute of Florida, 215 Celebration Place, Celebration, FL 34747, USA.
| | - James M Rippe
- Rippe Lifestyle Institute of Florida, 215 Celebration Place, Celebration, FL 34747, USA.
- Rippe Lifestyle Institute, 21 North Quinsigamond Avenue, Shrewsbury, MA 01545, USA.
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Boulevard, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
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21
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Fernandez ML, Murillo AG. Postmenopausal Women Have Higher HDL and Decreased Incidence of Low HDL than Premenopausal Women with Metabolic Syndrome. Healthcare (Basel) 2016; 4:E20. [PMID: 27417608 PMCID: PMC4934554 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare4010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that plasma lipids, waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure (BP) increase following menopause. In addition, there is a perceived notion that plasma high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations also decrease in postmenopausal women. In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated plasma lipids, fasting glucose, anthropometrics and BP in 88 post and 100 pre-menopausal women diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. No differences were observed in plasma low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose or systolic and diastolic BP between groups. However, plasma HDL-C was higher (p < 0.01) in postmenopausal women and the percentage of women who had low HDL (<50 mg/dL) was higher (p < 0.01) among premenopausal women. In addition, negative correlations were found between WC and HDL-C (r = -0.148, p < 0.05) and BMI and HDL-C (r = -0.258, p < 0.01) for all subjects indicating that increases in weight and abdominal fat have a deleterious effect on plasma HDL-C. Interestingly, there was a positive correlation between age and plasma HDL-C (r = 0.237 p < 0.01). The results from this study suggest that although HDL is decreased by visceral fat and overall weight, low HDL is not a main characteristic of metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women. Further, HDL appears to increase, not decrease, with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luz Fernandez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Ana Gabriela Murillo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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22
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Hess JM, Jonnalagadda SS, Slavin JL. Dairy Foods: Current Evidence of their Effects on Bone, Cardiometabolic, Cognitive, and Digestive Health. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2015; 15:251-268. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie M. Hess
- Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition; Univ. of Minnesota; 1334 Eckles Avenue St. Paul P.O. Box 55108 MN U.S.A
| | | | - Joanne L. Slavin
- Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition; Univ. of Minnesota; 1334 Eckles Avenue St. Paul P.O. Box 55108 MN U.S.A
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23
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Dugan CE, Aguilar D, Park YK, Lee JY, Fernandez ML. Dairy Consumption Lowers Systemic Inflammation and Liver Enzymes in Typically Low-Dairy Consumers with Clinical Characteristics of Metabolic Syndrome. J Am Coll Nutr 2015; 35:255-61. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2015.1022637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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24
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Ebron K, Andersen CJ, Aguilar D, Blesso CN, Barona J, Dugan CE, Jones JL, Al-Sarraj T, Fernandez ML. A Larger Body Mass Index is Associated with Increased Atherogenic Dyslipidemia, Insulin Resistance, and Low-Grade Inflammation in Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2015; 13:458-64. [PMID: 26431271 DOI: 10.1089/met.2015.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consequences of increased body mass index (BMI) on the metabolic disorders associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) have not been thoroughly examined. METHODS We analyzed data from 262 individuals, 97 men and 165 women (aged 18-70 years), classified with MetS to investigate whether variations in BMI could be associated with parameters of dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, or low-grade inflammation. We hypothesized that increases in BMI would positively correlate with the major dysregulations in metabolism that define MetS. For this purpose, individuals were separated into four subgroups based on their BMI: normal weight (<25 kg/m(2)), overweight (≥25 to <30 kg/m(2)), obese (≥30 to <40 kg/m(2)), and morbidly obese (≥40 kg/m(2)). RESULTS As expected, body weight and waist circumference increased significantly as BMI increased (P < 0.0001). Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure were lower in the normal BMI group compared with the other three BMI groups (P = 0.001). Markers of HDL metabolism were adversely impacted in elevated BMI groups, as both high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and large HDL decreased as BMI increased (P = 0.01). BMI was negatively correlated with HDL-C (r = -0.193, P = 0.002), HDL size (r = (-)0.227, P = 0.002), and large HDL (r = -0.147, P = 0.037). In addition, plasma insulin was highest in subjects classified as morbidly obese (P < 0.0001). There was also a strong positive correlation between BMI and plasma insulin (r = 0.413, P < 0.0001), whereas adiponectin, a marker of insulin sensitivity, was negatively correlated with BMI (r = -0.288, P = 0.001). Finally, BMI was positively correlated with proinflammatory C-reactive protein (r = 0.312, P = 0.0001) and interleukin-6 (r = 0.238, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The data from this study suggest that the physiological factors associated with increased BMI exacerbate the metabolic abnormalities characteristic of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolin Ebron
- 1 Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut , Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Catherine J Andersen
- 1 Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut , Storrs, Connecticut.,2 Department of Biology, Fairfield University , Fairfield, Connecticut
| | - David Aguilar
- 1 Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut , Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Christopher N Blesso
- 1 Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut , Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Jacqueline Barona
- 1 Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut , Storrs, Connecticut.,3 Escuela de Microbiologia, Universidad de Antioquia , Medellín, Colombia
| | - Christine E Dugan
- 1 Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut , Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Jennifer L Jones
- 1 Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut , Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Taif Al-Sarraj
- 1 Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut , Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Maria Luz Fernandez
- 1 Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut , Storrs, Connecticut
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Song S, Kim EK, Hong S, Shin S, Song Y, Baik HW, Joung H, Paik HY. Low consumption of fruits and dairy foods is associated with metabolic syndrome in Korean adults from outpatient clinics in and near Seoul. Nutr Res Pract 2015; 9:554-62. [PMID: 26425287 PMCID: PMC4575970 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2015.9.5.554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to examine differences in nutrient intake and food consumption by the presence of metabolic syndrome in Korean adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS Study subjects in this cross-sectional study were recruited from four outpatient clinics in and near the Seoul metropolitan area of South Korea between 2006 and 2012. A total of 668 subjects (413 men and 255 women) aged ≥ 30 y were included in the final data analyses. For each subject, daily nutrient intake and food consumption were calculated using three days of dietary intake data obtained from a combination of 24-hour recalls and dietary records. To evaluate food consumption, mean number of servings consumed per day and percentages of recommended number of servings for six food groups were calculated. Metabolic syndrome was defined using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. The general linear model was performed to examine differences in nutrient intake and food consumption by sex and the presence of metabolic syndrome after adjustment for potential confounding variables. RESULTS Nutrient intake did not differ by the presence of metabolic syndrome in both men and women. Men with metabolic syndrome had lower consumption and percentage of the recommendation for fruits compared with those without metabolic syndrome (1.6 vs. 1.1 servings/day, P-value = 0.001; 63.5 vs. 49.5%, P-value = 0.013). Women with metabolic syndrome showed lower consumption and percentage of the recommendation for dairy foods than those without metabolic syndrome (0.8 vs. 0.5 servings/day, P-value = 0.001; 78.6 vs. 48.9%, P-value = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Low intakes of fruits and dairy foods might be associated with the risk of having metabolic syndrome among Korean adults. Dietary advice on increasing consumption of these foods is needed to prevent and attenuate the risk of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- SuJin Song
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Soyoung Hong
- Division of Public Health Nutrition, Institute of Health and Environment, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Sangah Shin
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - YoonJu Song
- Major of Food and Nutrition, School of Human Ecology, The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi 420-743, Korea
| | - Hyun Wook Baik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition, DMC Bundang Jesaeng Hospital, Gyeonggi 463-774, Korea
| | - Hyojee Joung
- Division of Public Health Nutrition, Institute of Health and Environment, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Hee Young Paik
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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Dairy consumption is associated with a lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome among young adults from Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. Nutrition 2014; 31:716-21. [PMID: 25837218 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It has been suggested that a greater dairy consumption is a contributing factor to a lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) as a result of the possible actions of some milk nutrients. However, results remain controversial. The aim of this study was to examine the association between dairy consumption and MetS and its components. METHODS Dairy consumption and biochemical and anthropometric parameters were determined in 2031 young adults ages 23 to 25 y. Food consumption was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. The estimated habitual portion of dairy products consumed daily was divided into quintiles. The criteria of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and of the Joint Interim Statement (JIS) were used for the classification of MetS. Nonadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were estimated by logistic regression. RESULTS The prevalence of MetS was 11.9% by the IDF criteria and 9% by the JIS criteria. A greater dairy consumption was associated with a lower prevalence of MetS according to both IDF (OR, 0.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.38-0.97) and JIS (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.39-0.98) criteria when the last quintile was compared with the first. The association persisted in the model adjusted for demographic, socioeconomic, dietary, and lifestyle variables according to the IDF (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.30-0.93) and was borderline according to the JIS (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.34-1.00), but lost significance when data were adjusted for calcium in both models. CONCLUSIONS A greater dairy consumption is associated with a lower prevalence of MetS, with calcium probably being the nutrient responsible for this association.
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Da Silva MS, Julien P, Couture P, Lemieux S, Vohl MC, Rudkowska I. Associations between dairy intake and metabolic risk parameters in a healthy French-Canadian population. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2014; 39:1323-31. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2014-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Observational studies support that dairy product intake is associated with a reduced risk of developing type 2 diabetes; however, several clinical studies report conflicting results on the association between dairy product consumption and metabolic parameters. The aim of this study was to determine associations between dairy product consumption and metabolic profile. Dietary data, using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and fasting blood samples were collected from 233 French Canadians. Plasma phospholipid (PL) fatty acids (FA) concentrations were determined by gas chromatography. Subjects consumed 2.5 ± 1.4 portions of dairy products daily, including 1.6 ± 1.3 portions of low-fat (LF) and 0.90 ± 0.70 portions of high-fat (HF) dairy products. Trans-palmitoleic acid level in plasma PL was related to HF dairy consumption (r = 0.15; p = 0.04). Total (r = –0.21; p = 0.001) and LF dairy (r = –0.20; p = 0.003) intakes were inversely correlated with fasting plasma glucose level. Total dairy intake was inversely associated to systolic blood pressure (r = –0.17; p = 0.008) and diastolic blood pressure (r = –0.14; p = 0.03). LF dairy intake was also inversely correlated with systolic blood pressure (r = –0.17; p = 0.009). Total dairy intake was correlated with plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) (r = 0.15; p = 0.03). No association was found between HF dairy consumption and the risk factors studied. In conclusion, dairy intake is inversely associated with glycaemia and blood pressure; yet, it may modify CRP levels. Moreover, trans-palmitoleic FA levels in plasma PL may be potentially used to assess full-fat dairy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine S. Da Silva
- Endocrinology and Nephrology, CHU de Québec Research Center, 2705 boul. Laurier, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Pierre Julien
- Endocrinology and Nephrology, CHU de Québec Research Center, 2705 boul. Laurier, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Patrick Couture
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), 2440 boul. Hochelaga, Université Laval, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Simone Lemieux
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), 2440 boul. Hochelaga, Université Laval, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- Endocrinology and Nephrology, CHU de Québec Research Center, 2705 boul. Laurier, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), 2440 boul. Hochelaga, Université Laval, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Iwona Rudkowska
- Endocrinology and Nephrology, CHU de Québec Research Center, 2705 boul. Laurier, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
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