1
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Sadek M, Stover KR, Liu X, Reed MA, Weaver DF, Reid AY. IDO-1 inhibition improves outcome after fluid percussion injury in adult male rats. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25338. [PMID: 38706427 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The enzyme indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the kynurenine pathway (KP) which produces both neuroprotective and neurotoxic metabolites. Neuroinflammatory signals produced as a result of pathological conditions can increase production of IDO1 and boost its enzymatic capacity. IDO1 and the KP have been implicated in behavioral recovery after human traumatic brain injury (TBI), but their roles in experimental models of TBI are for the most part unknown. We hypothesized there is an increase in KP activity in the fluid percussion injury (FPI) model of TBI, and that administration of an IDO1 inhibitor will improve neurological recovery. In this study, adult male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to FPI or sham injury and received twice-daily oral administration of the IDO1 inhibitor PF-06840003 (100 mg/kg) or vehicle control. FPI resulted in a significant increase in KP activity, as demonstrated by an increased ratio of kynurenine: tryptophan, in the perilesional neocortex and ipsilateral hippocampus 3 days postinjury (DPI), which normalized by 7 DPI. The increase in KP activity was prevented by PF-06840003. IDO1 inhibition also improved memory performance as assessed in the Barnes maze and anxiety behaviors as assessed in open field testing in the first 28 DPI. These results suggest increased KP activity after FPI may mediate neurological dysfunction, and IDO1 inhibition should be further investigated as a potential therapeutic target to improve recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marawan Sadek
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kurt R Stover
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark A Reed
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Donald F Weaver
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aylin Y Reid
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Sun M, Baker TL, Wilson CT, Brady RD, Yamakawa GR, Wright DK, Mychasiuk R, Vo A, Wilson T, Allen J, McDonald SJ, Shultz SR. Treatment with the vascular endothelial growth factor-A antibody, bevacizumab, has sex-specific effects in a rat model of mild traumatic brain injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:542-555. [PMID: 37933736 PMCID: PMC10981407 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231212377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) involves damage to the cerebrovascular system. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is an important modulator of vascular health and VEGF-A promotes the brain's ability to recover after more severe forms of brain injury; however, the role of VEGF-A in mTBI remains poorly understood. Bevacizumab (BEV) is a monoclonal antibody that binds to VEGF-A and neutralises its actions. To better understand the role of VEGF-A in mTBI recovery, this study examined how BEV treatment affected outcomes in rats given a mTBI. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to sham-injury + vehicle treatment (VEH), sham-injury + BEV treatment, mTBI + VEH treatment, mTBI + BEV treatment groups. Treatment was administered intracerebroventricularly via a cannula beginning at the time of injury and continuing until the end of the study. Rats underwent behavioral testing after injury and were euthanized on day 11. In both females and males, BEV had a negative impact on cognitive function. mTBI and BEV treatment increased the expression of inflammatory markers in females. In males, BEV treatment altered markers related to hypoxia and vascular health. These novel findings of sex-specific responses to BEV and mTBI provide important insights into the role of VEGF-A in mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujun Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tamara L Baker
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Campbell T Wilson
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rhys D Brady
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Glenn R Yamakawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David K Wright
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anh Vo
- Monash Health Translation Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Trevor Wilson
- Monash Health Translation Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Josh Allen
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart J McDonald
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Health Sciences, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
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3
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He L, Zhang R, Yang M, Lu M. The role of astrocyte in neuroinflammation in traumatic brain injury. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166992. [PMID: 38128844 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), a significant contributor to mortality and morbidity worldwide, is a devastating condition characterized by initial mechanical damage followed by subsequent biochemical processes, including neuroinflammation. Astrocytes, the predominant glial cells in the central nervous system, play a vital role in maintaining brain homeostasis and supporting neuronal function. Nevertheless, in response to TBI, astrocytes undergo substantial phenotypic alternations and actively contribute to the neuroinflammatory response. This article explores the multifaceted involvement of astrocytes in neuroinflammation subsequent to TBI, with a particular emphasis on their activation, release of inflammatory mediators, modulation of the blood-brain barrier, and interactions with other immune cells. A comprehensive understanding the dynamic interplay between astrocytes and neuroinflammation in the condition of TBI can provide valuable insights into the development of innovative therapeutic approaches aimed at mitigating secondary damage and fostering neuroregeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming 650051, China.
| | - Ruqiang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming 650051, China
| | - Maiqiao Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming 650051, China
| | - Meilin Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China.
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4
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Rowe CJ, Mang J, Huang B, Dommaraju K, Potter BK, Schobel SA, Gann ER, Davis TA. Systemic inflammation induced from remote extremity trauma is a critical driver of secondary brain injury. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 126:103878. [PMID: 37451414 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Blast exposure, commonly experienced by military personnel, can cause devastating life-threatening polysystem trauma. Despite considerable research efforts, the impact of the systemic inflammatory response after major trauma on secondary brain injury-inflammation is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to identify markers underlying the susceptibility and early onset of neuroinflammation in three rat trauma models: (1) blast overpressure exposure (BOP), (2) complex extremity trauma (CET) involving femur fracture, crush injury, tourniquet-induced ischemia, and transfemoral amputation through the fracture site, and (3) BOP+CET. Six hours post-injury, intact brains were harvested and dissected to obtain biopsies from the prefrontal cortex, striatum, neocortex, hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, hypothalamus, and cerebellum. Custom low-density microarray datasets were used to identify, interpret and visualize genes significant (p < 0.05 for differential expression [DEGs]; 86 neuroinflammation-associated) using a custom python-based computer program, principal component analysis, heatmaps and volcano plots. Gene set and pathway enrichment analyses of the DEGs was performed using R and STRING for protein-protein interaction (PPI) to identify and explore key genes and signaling networks. Transcript profiles were similar across all regions in naïve brains with similar expression levels involving neurotransmission and transcription functions and undetectable to low-levels of inflammation-related mediators. Trauma-induced neuroinflammation across all anatomical brain regions correlated with injury severity (BOP+CET > CET > BOP). The most pronounced differences in neuroinflammatory-neurodegenerative gene regulation were between blast-associated trauma (BOP, BOP+CET) and CET. Following BOP, there were few DEGs detected amongst all 8 brain regions, most were related to cytokines/chemokines and chemokine receptors, where PPI analysis revealed Il1b as a potential central hub gene. In contrast, CET led to a more excessive and diverse pro-neuroinflammatory reaction in which Il6 was identified as the central hub gene. Analysis of the of the BOP+CET dataset, revealed a more global heightened response (Cxcr2, Il1b, and Il6) as well as the expression of additional functional regulatory networks/hub genes (Ccl2, Ccl3, and Ccl4) which are known to play a critical role in the rapid recruitment and activation of immune cells via chemokine/cytokine signaling. These findings provide a foundation for discerning pathophysiological consequences of acute extremity injury and systemic inflammation following various forms of trauma in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassie J Rowe
- Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA.
| | - Josef Mang
- Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| | - Benjamin Huang
- Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| | - Kalpana Dommaraju
- Student Bioinformatics Initiative (SBI), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| | - Benjamin K Potter
- Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| | - Seth A Schobel
- Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; Surgical Critical Care Initiative (SC2i), Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| | - Eric R Gann
- Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; Surgical Critical Care Initiative (SC2i), Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| | - Thomas A Davis
- Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
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5
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Wong KR, Wright DK, Sgro M, Salberg S, Bain J, Li C, Sun M, McDonald SJ, Mychasiuk R, Brady RD, Shultz SR. Persistent Changes in Mechanical Nociception in Rats With Traumatic Brain Injury Involving Polytrauma. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2023; 24:1383-1395. [PMID: 36958460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors often experience debilitating consequences. Due to the high impact nature of TBI, patients often experience concomitant peripheral injuries (ie, polytrauma). A common, yet often overlooked, comorbidity of TBI is chronic pain. Therefore, this study investigated how common concomitant peripheral injuries (ie, femoral fracture and muscle crush) can affect long-term behavioral and structural TBI outcomes with a particular focus on nociception. Rats were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: polytrauma (POLY; ie, fracture + muscle crush + TBI), peripheral injury (PERI; ie, fracture + muscle crush + sham TBI), TBI (ie, sham fracture + sham muscle crush + TBI), and sham-injured (SHAM; ie, sham fracture + sham muscle crush + sham TBI). Rats underwent behavioral testing at 3-, 6-, and 11-weeks postinjury, and were then euthanized for postmortem magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). POLY rats had a persisting increase in pain sensitivity compared to all groups on the von Frey test. MRI revealed that POLY rats also had abnormalities in the cortical and subcortical brain structures involved in nociceptive processing. These findings have important implications and provide a foundation for future studies to determine the underlying mechanisms and potential treatment strategies for chronic pain in TBI survivors. PERSPECTIVE: Rats with TBI and concomitant peripheral trauma displayed chronic nociceptive pain and MRI images also revealed damaged brain structures/pathways that are involved in chronic pain development. This study highlights the importance of polytrauma and the affected brain regions for developing chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ker Rui Wong
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David K Wright
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Marissa Sgro
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sabrina Salberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jesse Bain
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Crystal Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mujun Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart J McDonald
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rhys D Brady
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Nursing, Health and Human Services, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, Canada.
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6
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Brand J, McDonald SJ, Gawryluk JR, Christie BR, Shultz SR. Stress and traumatic brain injury: An inherent bi-directional relationship with temporal and synergistic complexities. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 151:105242. [PMID: 37225064 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stress are prevalent worldwide and can both result in life-altering health problems. While stress often occurs in the absence of TBI, TBI inherently involves some element of stress. Furthermore, because there is pathophysiological overlap between stress and TBI, it is likely that stress influences TBI outcomes. However, there are temporal complexities in this relationship (e.g., when the stress occurs) that have been understudied despite their potential importance. This paper begins by introducing TBI and stress and highlighting some of their possible synergistic mechanisms including inflammation, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation, and autonomic nervous system dysfunction. We next describe different temporal scenarios involving TBI and stress and review the available literature on this topic. In doing so we find initial evidence that in some contexts stress is a highly influential factor in TBI pathophysiology and recovery, and vice versa. We also identify important knowledge gaps and suggest future research avenues that will increase our understanding of this inherent bidirectional relationship and could one day result in improved patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Brand
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stuart J McDonald
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jodie R Gawryluk
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brian R Christie
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Faculty of Health Sciences, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada.
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7
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Casillas-Espinosa PM, Anderson A, Harutyunyan A, Li C, Lee J, Braine EL, Brady RD, Sun M, Huang C, Barlow CK, Shah AD, Schittenhelm RB, Mychasiuk R, Jones NC, Shultz SR, O'Brien TJ. Disease-modifying effects of sodium selenate in a model of drug-resistant, temporal lobe epilepsy. eLife 2023; 12:e78877. [PMID: 36892461 PMCID: PMC10208637 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
There are no pharmacological disease-modifying treatments with an enduring effect to mitigate the seizures and comorbidities of established chronic temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). This study aimed to evaluate for disease modifying effects of sodium selenate treatment in the chronically epileptic rat post-status epilepticus (SE) model of drug-resistant TLE. Wistar rats underwent kainic acid-induced SE or sham. Ten-weeks post-SE, animals received sodium selenate, levetiracetam, or vehicle subcutaneousinfusion continuously for 4 weeks. To evaluate the effects of the treatments, one week of continuous video-EEG was acquired before, during, and 4, 8 weeks post-treatment, followed by behavioral tests. Targeted and untargeted proteomics and metabolomics were performed on post-mortem brain tissue to identify potential pathways associated with modified disease outcomes. Telomere length was investigated as a novel surrogate marker of epilepsy disease severity in our current study. The results showed that sodium selenate treatment was associated with mitigation of measures of disease severity at 8 weeks post-treatment cessation; reducing the number of spontaneous seizures (p< 0.05), cognitive dysfunction (p< 0.05), and sensorimotor deficits (p< 0.01). Moreover, selenate treatment was associated with increased protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) expression, reduced hyperphosphorylated tau, and reversed telomere length shortening (p< 0.05). Network medicine integration of multi-omics/pre-clinical outcomes identified protein-metabolite modules positively correlated with TLE. Our results provide evidence that treatment with sodium selenate results in a sustained disease-modifying effect in chronically epileptic rats in the post-KA SE model of TLE, including improved comorbid learning and memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo M Casillas-Espinosa
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
- Monash Proteomics & Metabolomics Facility and Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash UniversityClayton, VictoriaAustralia
| | - Alison Anderson
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Anna Harutyunyan
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Crystal Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Jiyoon Lee
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Emma L Braine
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Rhys D Brady
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Mujun Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Cheng Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road,Melbourne, VictoriaAustralia
| | - Christopher K Barlow
- Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road,Melbourne, VictoriaAustralia
| | - Anup D Shah
- Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road,Melbourne, VictoriaAustralia
| | - Ralf B Schittenhelm
- Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road,Melbourne, VictoriaAustralia
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Nigel C Jones
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
- Monash Proteomics & Metabolomics Facility and Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash UniversityClayton, VictoriaAustralia
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8
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Shultz SR, Shah AD, Huang C, Dill LK, Schittenhelm RB, Morganti-Kossmann MC, Semple BD. Temporal proteomics of human cerebrospinal fluid after severe traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:291. [PMID: 36482407 PMCID: PMC9730674 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02654-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI) requires further characterization to fully elucidate changes in molecular pathways. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) provides a rich repository of brain-associated proteins. In this retrospective observational study, we implemented high-resolution mass spectrometry to evaluate changes to the CSF proteome after severe TBI. 91 CSF samples were analyzed with mass spectrometry, collected from 16 patients with severe TBI (mean 32 yrs; 81% male) on day 0, 1, 2, 4, 7 and/or 10 post-injury (8-16 samples/timepoint) and compared to CSF obtained from 11 non-injured controls. We quantified 1152 proteins with mass spectrometry, of which approximately 80% were associated with CSF. 1083 proteins were differentially regulated after TBI compared to control samples. The most highly-upregulated proteins at each timepoint included neutrophil elastase, myeloperoxidase, cathepsin G, matrix metalloproteinase-8, and S100 calcium-binding proteins A8, A9 and A12-all proteins involved in neutrophil activation, recruitment, and degranulation. Pathway enrichment analysis confirmed the robust upregulation of proteins associated with innate immune responses. Conversely, downregulated pathways included those involved in nervous system development, and several proteins not previously identified after TBI such as testican-1 and latrophilin-1. We also identified 7 proteins (GM2A, Calsyntenin 1, FAT2, GANAB, Lumican, NPTX1, SFRP2) positively associated with an unfavorable outcome at 6 months post-injury. Together, these findings highlight the robust innate immune response that occurs after severe TBI, supporting future studies to target neutrophil-related processes. In addition, the novel proteins we identified to be differentially regulated by severe TBI warrant further investigation as potential biomarkers of brain damage or therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy R. Shultz
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.267362.40000 0004 0432 5259Alfred Health, Prahran, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia ,grid.267756.70000 0001 2183 6550Health and Human Services, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, Canada
| | - Anup D. Shah
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Monash Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Monash Bioinformatics Platform, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - Cheng Huang
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Monash Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - Larissa K. Dill
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.267362.40000 0004 0432 5259Alfred Health, Prahran, VIC Australia ,grid.482226.80000 0004 0437 5686The Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Ralf B. Schittenhelm
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Monash Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - M. Cristina Morganti-Kossmann
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Prahran, VIC Australia ,grid.427785.b0000 0001 0664 3531Department of Child Health, Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ USA ,grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XUniversity of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ USA
| | - Bridgette D. Semple
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.267362.40000 0004 0432 5259Alfred Health, Prahran, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
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9
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Sun M, Baker TL, Wilson CT, Brady RD, Mychasiuk R, Yamakawa GR, Vo A, Wilson T, McDonald SJ, Shultz SR. Treatment with vascular endothelial growth factor-A worsens cognitive recovery in a rat model of mild traumatic brain injury. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:937350. [PMID: 36385769 PMCID: PMC9643175 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.937350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a common and unmet clinical issue, with limited treatments available to improve recovery. The cerebrovascular system is vital to provide oxygen and nutrition to the brain, and a growing body of research indicates that cerebrovascular injury contributes to mTBI symptomatology. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is a potent promoter of angiogenesis and an important modulator of vascular health. While indirect evidence suggests that increased bioavailability of VEGF-A may be beneficial after mTBI, the direct therapeutic effects of VEGF-A in this context remains unknown. This study therefore aimed to determine whether intracerebroventricular administration of recombinant VEGF-A could improve recovery from mTBI in a rat model. Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to four groups: sham + vehicle (VEH), sham + VEGF-A, mTBI + VEH, mTBI + VEGF-A. The mTBI was induced using the lateral impact model, and treatment began at the time of the injury and continued until the end of the study. Rats underwent behavioral testing between days 1 and 10 post-injury, and were euthanized on day 11 for post-mortem analysis. In males, the mTBI + VEGF-A group had significantly worse cognitive recovery in the water maze than all other groups. In females, the VEGF treatment worsened cognitive performance in the water maze regardless of mTBI or sham injury. Analysis of hippocampal tissue found that these cognitive deficits occurred in the presence of gene expression changes related to neuroinflammation and hypoxia in both male and female rats. These findings indicate that the VEGF-A treatment paradigm tested in this study failed to improve mTBI outcomes in either male or female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujun Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tamara L. Baker
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Campbell T. Wilson
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rhys D. Brady
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Glenn R. Yamakawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anh Vo
- Monash Health Translation Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Trevor Wilson
- Monash Health Translation Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart J. McDonald
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sandy R. Shultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Health and Human Services, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
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10
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Wang W, Zhang X, Lin L, Ren J, He R, Sun K. Inhibition of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) reverses cognitive deficits by modulating excitability and excitatory transmission in the hippocampus after traumatic brain injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 617:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Shanaki-Barvasad M, Almolda B, González B, Castellano B. Astrocyte-targeted Overproduction of IL-10 Reduces Neurodegeneration after TBI. Exp Neurobiol 2022; 31:173-195. [PMID: 35786640 PMCID: PMC9272120 DOI: 10.5607/en21035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury is the greatest cause of disability and death in young adults in the developed world. The outcome for a TBI patient is determined by the severity of the injury, not only from the initial insult but, especially, as a product of the secondary injury. It is proposed that this secondary injury is directly linked to neuro-inflammation, with the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, activation of resident glial cells and infiltration of peripheral immune cells. In this context, anti-inflammatory treatments are one of the most promising therapies to dampen the inflammatory response associated with TBI and to reduce secondary injury. In this sense, the main objective of the present study is to elucidate the effect of local production of IL-10 in the neurological outcome after TBI. For this purpose, a cryogenic lesion was caused in transgenic animals overproducing IL-10 under the GFAP promoter on astrocytes (GFAP-IL10Tg mice) and the neuro-protection, microglial activation and leukocyte recruitment were evaluated. Our results showed a protective effect of IL-10 on neurons at early time-points after TBI, in correlation with a shift in the microglial activation profile towards a down-regulating phenotype and lower production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Concomitantly, we observed a reduction in the BBB leakage together with modifications in leukocyte infiltration into the affected area. In conclusion, local IL-10 production modifies the neuro-inflammatory response after TBI, shifting it to anti-inflammatory and neuro-protective conditions. These results point to IL-10 as a promising candidate to improve neuro-inflammation associated with TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Shanaki-Barvasad
- Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Almolda
- Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain,To whom correspondence should be addressed. TEL: 34935811826, FAX: 34935812392, e-mail:
| | - Berta González
- Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernardo Castellano
- Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Blythe EN, Weaver LC, Brown A, Dekaban GA. β2 Integrin CD11d/CD18: From Expression to an Emerging Role in Staged Leukocyte Migration. Front Immunol 2021; 12:775447. [PMID: 34858434 PMCID: PMC8630586 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.775447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CD11d/CD18 is the most recently discovered and least understood β2 integrin. Known CD11d adhesive mechanisms contribute to both extravasation and mesenchymal migration – two key aspects for localizing peripheral leukocytes to sites of inflammation. Differential expression of CD11d induces differences in monocyte/macrophage mesenchymal migration including impacts on macrophage sub-set migration. The participation of CD11d/CD18 in leukocyte localization during atherosclerosis and following neurotrauma has sparked interest in the development of CD11d-targeted therapeutic agents. Whereas the adhesive properties of CD11d have undergone investigation, the signalling pathways induced by ligand binding remain largely undefined. Underlining each adhesive and signalling function, CD11d is under unique transcriptional control and expressed on a sub-set of predominately tissue-differentiated innate leukocytes. The following review is the first to capture the nearly three decades of CD11d research and discusses the emerging role of CD11d in leukocyte migration and retention during the progression of a staged immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin N Blythe
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Lynne C Weaver
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Arthur Brown
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory A Dekaban
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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13
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Bhowmick S, Malat A, Caruso D, Ponery N, D'Mello V, Finn C, Abdul-Muneer PM. Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1-Induced Posttraumatic Brain Injury Neuropathology in the Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampus Leads to Sensorimotor Function Deficits and Psychological Stress. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0242-21.2021. [PMID: 34135004 PMCID: PMC8287878 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0242-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) promotes adhesion and transmigration of circulating leukocytes across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes transmigrated immunocompetent cells to release mediators [function-associated antigen (LFA)-1 and macrophage-1 antigen (Mac-1)] that stimulate glial and endothelial cells to express ICAM-1 and release cytokines, sustaining neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Although a strong correlation exists between TBI-mediated inflammation and impairment in functional outcome following brain trauma, the role of ICAM-1 in impairing functional outcome by inducing neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration after TBI remains inconclusive. The experimental TBI was induced in vivo by fluid percussion injury (FPI; 10 and 20 psi) in wild-type (WT) and ICAM-1-/- mice and in vitro by stretch injury (3 psi) in brain endothelial cells. We manipulate ICAM-1 pharmacologically and genetically and conducted several biochemical analyses to gain insight into the mechanisms underlying ICAM-1-mediated neuroinflammation and performed rotarod, grid-walk, sucrose preference, and light-dark tests to assess functional outcome. TBI-induced ICAM-1-mediated neuroinflammation and cell death occur via LFA-1 or Mac-1 signaling pathways that rely on oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathways. The deletion or blocking of ICAM-1 resulted in a better outcome in attenuating neuroinflammation and cell death as marked by the markers such as NF-kB, IL-1β, TNF-α, cleaved-caspase-3 (cl-caspase-3), Annexin V, and by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), and Trypan blue staining. ICAM-1 deletion in TBI improves sensorimotor, depression, and anxiety-like behavior with significant upregulation of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) D1 receptor (DAD1R), serotonin (5-HT)1AR, and neuropeptide Y (NPY). This study could establish the significance of ICAM-1 as a novel therapeutic target against the pathophysiology to establish functional recovery after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Bhowmick
- Laboratory of CNS injury and Molecular Therapy, JFK Neuroscience Institute, Hackensack Meridian Health JFK University Medical Center, Edison, NJ 08820
| | - Anitha Malat
- Laboratory of CNS injury and Molecular Therapy, JFK Neuroscience Institute, Hackensack Meridian Health JFK University Medical Center, Edison, NJ 08820
| | - Danielle Caruso
- Laboratory of CNS injury and Molecular Therapy, JFK Neuroscience Institute, Hackensack Meridian Health JFK University Medical Center, Edison, NJ 08820
| | - Nizmi Ponery
- Laboratory of CNS injury and Molecular Therapy, JFK Neuroscience Institute, Hackensack Meridian Health JFK University Medical Center, Edison, NJ 08820
| | - Veera D'Mello
- Laboratory of CNS injury and Molecular Therapy, JFK Neuroscience Institute, Hackensack Meridian Health JFK University Medical Center, Edison, NJ 08820
| | - Christina Finn
- Laboratory of CNS injury and Molecular Therapy, JFK Neuroscience Institute, Hackensack Meridian Health JFK University Medical Center, Edison, NJ 08820
| | - P M Abdul-Muneer
- Laboratory of CNS injury and Molecular Therapy, JFK Neuroscience Institute, Hackensack Meridian Health JFK University Medical Center, Edison, NJ 08820
- Department of Neurology, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ 07110
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14
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Huntemer-Silveira A, Patil N, Brickner MA, Parr AM. Strategies for Oligodendrocyte and Myelin Repair in Traumatic CNS Injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 14:619707. [PMID: 33505250 PMCID: PMC7829188 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.619707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A major consequence of traumatic brain and spinal cord injury is the loss of the myelin sheath, a cholesterol-rich layer of insulation that wraps around axons of the nervous system. In the central nervous system (CNS), myelin is produced and maintained by oligodendrocytes. Damage to the CNS may result in oligodendrocyte cell death and subsequent loss of myelin, which can have serious consequences for functional recovery. Demyelination impairs neuronal function by decelerating signal transmission along the axon and has been implicated in many neurodegenerative diseases. After a traumatic injury, mechanisms of endogenous remyelination in the CNS are limited and often fail, for reasons that remain poorly understood. One area of research focuses on enhancing this endogenous response. Existing techniques include the use of small molecules, RNA interference (RNAi), and monoclonal antibodies that target specific signaling components of myelination for recovery. Cell-based replacement strategies geared towards replenishing oligodendrocytes and their progenitors have been utilized by several groups in the last decade as well. In this review article, we discuss the effects of traumatic injury on oligodendrocytes in the CNS, the lack of endogenous remyelination, translational studies in rodent models promoting remyelination, and finally human clinical studies on remyelination in the CNS after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nandadevi Patil
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Megan A. Brickner
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Ann M. Parr
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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15
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Initiators of Classical and Lectin Complement Pathways Are Differently Engaged after Traumatic Brain Injury-Time-Dependent Changes in the Cortex, Striatum, Thalamus and Hippocampus in a Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010045. [PMID: 33375205 PMCID: PMC7793095 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is involved in promoting secondary injury after traumatic brain injury (TBI), but the roles of the classical and lectin pathways leading to complement activation need to be clarified. To this end, we aimed to determine the ability of the brain to activate the synthesis of classical and lectin pathway initiators in response to TBI and to examine their expression in primary microglial cell cultures. We have modeled TBI in mice by controlled cortical impact (CCI), a clinically relevant experimental model. Using Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) we analyzed the expression of initiators of classical the complement component 1q, 1r and 1s (C1q, C1r, and C1s) and lectin (mannose binding lectin A, mannose binding lectin C, collectin 11, ficolin A, and ficolin B) complement pathways and other cellular markers in four brain areas (cortex, striatum, thalamus and hippocampus) of mice exposed to CCI from 24 h and up to 5 weeks. In all murine ipsilateral brain structures assessed, we detected long-lasting, time- and area-dependent significant increases in the mRNA levels of all classical (C1q, C1s, C1r) and some lectin (collectin 11, ficolin A, ficolin B) initiator molecules after TBI. In parallel, we observed significantly enhanced expression of cellular markers for neutrophils (Cd177), T cells (Cd8), astrocytes (glial fibrillary acidic protein—GFAP), microglia/macrophages (allograft inflammatory factor 1—IBA-1), and microglia (transmembrane protein 119—TMEM119); moreover, we detected astrocytes (GFAP) and microglia/macrophages (IBA-1) protein level strong upregulation in all analyzed brain areas. Further, the results obtained in primary microglial cell cultures suggested that these cells may be largely responsible for the biosynthesis of classical pathway initiators. However, microglia are unlikely to be responsible for the production of the lectin pathway initiators. Immunofluorescence analysis confirmed that at the site of brain injury, the C1q is localized in microglia/macrophages and neurons but not in astroglial cells. In sum, the brain strongly reacts to TBI by activating the local synthesis of classical and lectin complement pathway activators. Thus, the brain responds to TBI with a strong, widespread and persistent upregulation of complement components, the targeting of which may provide protection in TBI.
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16
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Shultz SR, McDonald SJ, Corrigan F, Semple BD, Salberg S, Zamani A, Jones NC, Mychasiuk R. Clinical Relevance of Behavior Testing in Animal Models of Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2020; 37:2381-2400. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.6149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sandy R. Shultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stuart J. McDonald
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Frances Corrigan
- Department of Anatomy, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Bridgette D. Semple
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sabrina Salberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Akram Zamani
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nigel C. Jones
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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17
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Lapinlampi N, Andrade P, Paananen T, Hämäläinen E, Ekolle Ndode-Ekane X, Puhakka N, Pitkänen A. Postinjury weight rather than cognitive or behavioral impairment predicts development of posttraumatic epilepsy after lateral fluid-percussion injury in rats. Epilepsia 2020; 61:2035-2052. [PMID: 32786029 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify postinjury physiologic, behavioral, and cognitive biomarkers for posttraumatic epilepsy to enrich study populations for long-term antiepileptogenesis studies. METHODS The EPITARGET cohort with behavioral follow-up and 1-month 24/7 video-electroencephalography (vEEG) monitoring included 115 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats with lateral fluid-percussion-induced traumatic brain injury (TBI), 23 sham-operated controls, and 13 naive rats. Animals underwent assessment of somatomotor performance (composite neuroscore), anxiety-like behavior (elevated plus maze, open field), spatial memory (Morris water maze), and depression-like behavior (Porsolt forced swim, sucrose preference). Impact force, postimpact apnea time, postimpact seizure-like behavior, and body weight were monitored. RESULTS TBI rats were impaired in the composite neuroscore (P < .001) on days (D) 2-14 and in the spatial memory test (P < .001) on D35-39 post-TBI. Differences in the elevated plus-maze (D28 and D126) and in the open field (D29 and D127) between TBI rats and controls were meager. No differences were observed in the Porsolt forced swim and sucrose preference tests as compared with sham-operated controls. Epilepsy developed in 27% of rats by the end of the sixth month. None of the behavioral or cognitive outcome measures discriminated rats with or without epilepsy. The receiver-operating characteristic analysis indicated that a decrease in body weight between D0 and D4 differentiated TBI rats with epilepsy from TBI rats without epilepsy (48% sensitivity, 83% specificity, area under the curve [AUC] 0.679, confidence interval [CI] 95% 0.56-0.80, P < .01). A 16% body weight decrease during D0-D4 could be used as a biomarker to enrich the study population from 27% (observed) to 50%. SIGNIFICANCE Single behavioral and cognitive outcome measures showed no power as prognostic/diagnostic biomarkers for posttraumatic epilepsy. A reduction in body weight during the first postinjury week showed some prognostic value for posttraumatic epileptogenesis and could serve as a subacute measure for selectively enriching the study population for long-term preclinical biomarker and therapy discovery studies of posttraumatic epileptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niina Lapinlampi
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pedro Andrade
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tomi Paananen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Elina Hämäläinen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Noora Puhakka
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Asla Pitkänen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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18
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Baker TL, Sun M, Semple BD, Tyebji S, Tonkin CJ, Mychasiuk R, Shultz SR. Catastrophic consequences: can the feline parasite Toxoplasma gondii prompt the purrfect neuroinflammatory storm following traumatic brain injury? J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:222. [PMID: 32711529 PMCID: PMC7382044 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01885-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide; however, treatment development is hindered by the heterogenous nature of TBI presentation and pathophysiology. In particular, the degree of neuroinflammation after TBI varies between individuals and may be modified by other factors such as infection. Toxoplasma gondii, a parasite that infects approximately one-third of the world’s population, has a tropism for brain tissue and can persist as a life-long infection. Importantly, there is notable overlap in the pathophysiology between TBI and T. gondii infection, including neuroinflammation. This paper will review current understandings of the clinical problems, pathophysiological mechanisms, and functional outcomes of TBI and T. gondii, before considering the potential synergy between the two conditions. In particular, the discussion will focus on neuroinflammatory processes such as microglial activation, inflammatory cytokines, and peripheral immune cell recruitment that occur during T. gondii infection and after TBI. We will present the notion that these overlapping pathologies in TBI individuals with a chronic T. gondii infection have the strong potential to exacerbate neuroinflammation and related brain damage, leading to amplified functional deficits. The impact of chronic T. gondii infection on TBI should therefore be investigated in both preclinical and clinical studies as the possible interplay could influence treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara L Baker
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, 6th Floor, The Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Mujun Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, 6th Floor, The Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Bridgette D Semple
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, 6th Floor, The Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Shiraz Tyebji
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Defence, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher J Tonkin
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Defence, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, 6th Floor, The Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, 6th Floor, The Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia. .,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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19
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Ah Kim H, Semple BD, Dill LK, Pham L, Dworkin S, Zhang SR, Lim R, Sobey CG, McDonald SJ. Systemic treatment with human amnion epithelial cells after experimental traumatic brain injury. Brain Behav Immun Health 2020; 5:100072. [PMID: 34589854 PMCID: PMC8474600 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic administration of human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs) was recently shown to reduce neuropathology and improve functional recovery following ischemic stroke in both mice and marmosets. Given the significant neuropathological overlap between ischemic stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI), we hypothesized that a similar hAEC treatment regime would also improve TBI outcomes. Male mice (12 weeks old, n = 40) were given a sham injury or moderate severity TBI by controlled cortical impact. At 60 min post-injury, mice were given a single tail vein injection of either saline (vehicle) or 1 × 106 hAECs suspended in saline. At 24 h post-injury, mice were assessed for locomotion and anxiety using an open field, and sensorimotor ability using a rotarod. At 48 h post-injury, brains were collected for analysis of immune cells via flow cytometry, or histological evaluation of lesion volume and hAEC penetration. To assess the impact of TBI and hAECs on lymphoid organs, spleen and thymus weights were determined. Treatment with hAECs did not prevent TBI-induced sensorimotor deficits at 24 h post-injury. hAECs were detected in the injured brain parenchyma; however, lesion volume was not altered by hAEC treatment. Robust increases in several leukocyte populations in the ipsilateral hemisphere of TBI mice were found when compared to sham mice at 48 h post-injury; however, hAEC treatment did not alter brain immune cell numbers. Both TBI and hAEC treatment were found to increase spleen weight. Taken together, these findings indicate that-unlike in ischemic stroke-treatment with hAEC was unable to prevent immune cell infiltration and sensorimotor deficits in the acute stages following controlled cortical impact in mice. Although further investigations are required, our data suggests that the lack of hAEC-induced neuroprotection in the current study may be explained by the differential splenic contributions to neuropathology between these brain injury models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ah Kim
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Bridgette D Semple
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Larissa K Dill
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Louise Pham
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Sebastian Dworkin
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Shenpeng R Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca Lim
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher G Sobey
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart J McDonald
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.,Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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20
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Sun M, Brady RD, Wanrooy B, Mychasiuk R, Yamakawa GR, Casillas-Espinosa PM, Wong CHY, Shultz SR, McDonald SJ. Experimental traumatic brain injury does not lead to lung infection. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 343:577239. [PMID: 32302792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients often experience post-traumatic infections, especially in the lung. Pulmonary infection is associated with unfavorable outcomes and increased mortality rates in TBI patients; however, our understanding of the underlying mechanisms is poor. Here we used a lateral fluid percussion injury (LFPI) model in rats to investigate whether TBI could lead to spontaneous lung infection. Analysis of bacterial load in lung tissue indicated no occurrence of spontaneous lung infection at 24 h, 48 h, and 7 d following LFPI. This may suggest that exogenous infectious agents play a crucial role in post-TBI infection in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujun Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
| | - Rhys D Brady
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Brooke Wanrooy
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia.
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
| | - Glenn R Yamakawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
| | - Pablo M Casillas-Espinosa
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Connie H Y Wong
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia.
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Stuart J McDonald
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia.
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Zhang ZW, Liang J, Yan JX, Ye YC, Wang JJ, Chen C, Sun HT, Chen F, Tu Y, Li XH. TBHQ improved neurological recovery after traumatic brain injury by inhibiting the overactivation of astrocytes. Brain Res 2020; 1739:146818. [PMID: 32275911 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major leading cause of death and long-term disability. Although astrocytes play a key role in neuroprotection after TBI in the early stage, the overactivation of astrocytes can lead to long-term functional deficits, and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. In addition, it is unknown whether the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor2/haem oxygenase-1 (Nrf-2/HO-1) pathway could elicit a neuroprotective effect by decreasing astrocyte overactivation after TBI. We aimed to study the effects of tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) in reducing astrocyte overactivation after TBI and explored the underlying mechanisms. We first established a controlled cortical impact (CCI) model in rats and performed Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining to observe brain tissue damage. The cognitive function of rats was assessed by modified neurological severity scoring (mNSS) and Morris water maze (MWM) test. Astrocyte and microglia activation was detected by immunofluorescence staining. Oxidative stress conditions were investigated using Western blotting. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was designed to assess the level of the proinflammatory factor tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Dihydroethidium (DHE) staining was used to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS). Apoptosis was assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. The results showed that the administration of TBHQ ameliorated motor function and cognitive deficits and decreased the lesion volume. In addition, TBHQ significantly decreased astrocyte overactivation, diminished the pro-inflammatory phenotype M1 and inflammatory cytokines production after TBI, increased Nrf-2 nuclear accumulation, and enhanced the levels of the Nrf-2 downstream antioxidative genes HO-1 and NADPH-quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO-1). Furthermore, TBHQ treatment alleviated apoptosis and neuronal death in the cerebral cortex. Overall, our data indicated that the upregulation of Nrf-2 expression could enhance neuroprotection and decrease astrocyte overactivation and might represent a new theoretical basis for treating TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Wen Zhang
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China; Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, Characteristic Medical Center of PAPF, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, Characteristic Medical Center of PAPF, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Jing-Xing Yan
- Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, Characteristic Medical Center of PAPF, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Yi-Chao Ye
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, Characteristic Medical Center of PAPF, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Jing-Jing Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, Characteristic Medical Center of PAPF, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Chong Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, Characteristic Medical Center of PAPF, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Hong-Tao Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, Characteristic Medical Center of PAPF, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Yue Tu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, Characteristic Medical Center of PAPF, Tianjin 300162, China.
| | - Xiao-Hong Li
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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22
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Wang M, Luo L. An Effective NADPH Oxidase 2 Inhibitor Provides Neuroprotection and Improves Functional Outcomes in Animal Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:1097-1106. [PMID: 32072445 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-02987-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has become a leading cause of death and disability all over the world. Pharmacological suppression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 2 (NOX2) can inhibit oxidative stress which is implicated in the pathology of TBI. GSK2795039 was reported to target NOX2 to inhibit [Formula: see text] and ROS production. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of GSK2795039 on NOX2 activity and neurological deficits in a TBI mouse model. TBI mouse model was established by a weight-drop to mouse skull. GSK2795039 at a dose of 100 mg/kg was administrated to mice 30 min before TBI. NOX2 expression and activity were detected by Western blot and biochemical method. Neurological damage and apoptosis were detected by behavioral test and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining. GSK2795039 significantly inhibited NOX2 expression and activity in the TBI mouse model. It also attenuated TBI-induced neurological deficits, apoptosis, and neurological recovery. The results indicate that GSK2795039 can be used as a potential drug for TBI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwei Wang
- Department of Emergency, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 4 Chongshan East Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China.
| | - Le Luo
- Shanghai Zhuole Biotechnology Center, No. 2066 Wangyuan Road, Shanghai, 201499, China
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23
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de Azevedo-Quintanilha IG, Vieira-de-Abreu A, Ferreira AC, Reis PA, Silva TI, Nascimento DDO, Campbell RA, Estato V, Weyrich AS, Bozza PT, Zimmerman GA, Castro-Faria-Neto HC. Integrin αDβ2 influences cerebral edema, leukocyte accumulation and neurologic outcomes in experimental severe malaria. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224610. [PMID: 31869339 PMCID: PMC6927624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is an infectious disease of major worldwide clinical importance that causes a variety of severe, or complicated, syndromes including cerebral malaria, which is often fatal. Leukocyte integrins are essential for host defense but also mediate physiologic responses of the innate and adaptive immune systems. We previously showed that targeted deletion of the αD subunit (αD-/-) of the αDβ2 integrin, which is expressed on key leukocyte subsets in mice and humans, leads to absent expression of the integrin heterodimer on murine macrophages and reduces mortality in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (P. berghei ANKA). To further identify mechanisms involved in the protective effect of αD deletion in this model of severe malaria we examined wild type C57BL/6 (WT) and αD-/- mice after P. berghei ANKA infection and found that vessel plugging and leukocyte infiltration were significantly decreased in the brains of αD-/- animals. Intravital microscopy demonstrated decreased rolling and adhesion of leukocytes in cerebral vessels of αD-/- mice. Flow cytometry analysis showed decreased T-lymphocyte accumulation in the brains of infected αD-/- animals. Evans blue dye exclusion assays demonstrated significantly less dye extravasation in the brains of αD-/- mice, indicating preserved blood-brain barrier integrity. WT mice that were salvaged from P. berghei ANKA infection by treatment with chloroquine had impaired aversive memory, which was not observed in αD-/- mice. We conclude that deletion of integrin αDβ2 alters the natural course of experimental severe malaria, demonstrating previously unrecognized activities of a key leukocyte integrin in immune-inflammatory responses that mediate cerebral involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriana Vieira-de-Abreu
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André C. Ferreira
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia A. Reis
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tathiany I. Silva
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Danielle de O. Nascimento
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Robert A. Campbell
- Department of Internal Medicine and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Vanessa Estato
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andrew S. Weyrich
- Department of Internal Medicine and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Patrícia T. Bozza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Guy A. Zimmerman
- Department of Internal Medicine and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Hugo C. Castro-Faria-Neto
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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24
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Casillas-Espinosa PM, Shultz SR, Braine EL, Jones NC, Snutch TP, Powell KL, O’Brien TJ. Disease-modifying effects of a novel T-type calcium channel antagonist, Z944, in a model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Prog Neurobiol 2019; 182:101677. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.101677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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25
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Tan XL, Zheng P, Wright DK, Sun M, Brady RD, Liu S, McDonald SJ, Mychasiuk R, Cenap S, Jones NC, O’Brien TJ, Shultz SR. The genetic ablation of tau improves long-term, but not short-term, functional outcomes after experimental traumatic brain injury in mice. Brain Inj 2019; 34:131-139. [DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2019.1667539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lin Tan
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ping Zheng
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - David K. Wright
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Australia
| | - Mujun Sun
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rhys D. Brady
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shijie Liu
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stuart J. McDonald
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sitare Cenap
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nigel C. Jones
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Terence J. O’Brien
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sandy R. Shultz
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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26
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Carron SF, Sun M, Shultz SR, Rajan R. Inhibitory neuronal changes following a mixed diffuse‐focal model of traumatic brain injury. J Comp Neurol 2019; 528:175-198. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.24746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone F. Carron
- Neuroscience Discovery Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Mujun Sun
- Department of Medicine The University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Sandy R. Shultz
- Department of Medicine and Neuroscience Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Department of Medicine The University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Ramesh Rajan
- Neuroscience Discovery Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia
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27
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Sun M, Brady RD, Casillas-Espinosa PM, Wright DK, Semple BD, Kim HA, Mychasiuk R, Sobey CG, O'Brien TJ, Vinh A, McDonald SJ, Shultz SR. Aged rats have an altered immune response and worse outcomes after traumatic brain injury. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 80:536-550. [PMID: 31039431 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Initial studies suggest that increased age is associated with worse outcomes after traumatic brain injury (TBI), though the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for this remain unclear. Immunosenescence (i.e., dysregulation of the immune system due to aging) may play a significant role in influencing TBI outcomes. This study therefore examined neurological outcomes and immune response in young-adult (i.e., 10 weeks old) compared to middle-aged (i.e., 1 year old) rats following a TBI (i.e., fluid percussion) or sham-injury. Rats were euthanized at either 24 h or one-week post-injury to analyze immune cell populations in the brain and periphery via flow cytometry, as well as telomere length (i.e., a biomarker of neurological health). Behavioral testing, as well as volumetric and diffusion-weighted MRI, were also performed in the one-week recovery rats to assess for functional deficits and brain damage. Middle-aged rats had worse sensorimotor deficits and shorter telomeres after TBI compared to young rats. Both aging and TBI independently worsened cognitive function and cortical volume. These changes occurred in the presence of fewer total leukocytes, fewer infiltrating myeloid cells, and fewer microglia in the brains of middle-aged TBI rats compared to young rats. These findings indicate that middle-aged rats have worse sensorimotor deficits and shorter telomeres after TBI than young rats, and this may be related to an altered neuroimmune response. Although further studies are required, these findings have important implications for understanding the pathophysiology and optimal treatment strategies in TBI patients across the life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujun Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rhys D Brady
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Pablo M Casillas-Espinosa
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David K Wright
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bridgette D Semple
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hyun Ah Kim
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Christopher G Sobey
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Antony Vinh
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart J McDonald
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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28
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The immunological response to traumatic brain injury. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 332:112-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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29
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Ndode-Ekane XE, Santana-Gomez C, Casillas-Espinosa PM, Ali I, Brady RD, Smith G, Andrade P, Immonen R, Puhakka N, Hudson MR, Braine EL, Shultz SR, Staba RJ, O'Brien TJ, Pitkänen A. Harmonization of lateral fluid-percussion injury model production and post-injury monitoring in a preclinical multicenter biomarker discovery study on post-traumatic epileptogenesis. Epilepsy Res 2019; 151:7-16. [PMID: 30711714 PMCID: PMC6812686 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Multi-center preclinical studies can facilitate the discovery of biomarkers of antiepileptogenesis and thus facilitate the diagnosis and treatment development of patients at risk of developing post-traumatic epilepsy. However, these studies are often limited by the difficulty in harmonizing experimental protocols between laboratories. Here, we assess whether the production of traumatic brain injury (TBI) using the lateral fluid-percussion injury (FPI) in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (12 weeks at the time of injury) was harmonized between three laboratories - located in the University of Eastern Finland (UEF), Monash University in Melbourne, Australia (Melbourne) and The University of California, Los Angeles, USA (UCLA). These laboratories are part of the international multicenter-based project, the Epilepsy Bioinformatics Study for Antiepileptogenesis Therapy (EpiBioS4Rx). Lateral FPI was induced in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. The success of methodological harmonization was assessed by performing inter-site comparison of injury parameters including duration of anesthesia during surgery, impact pressure, post-impact transient apnea, post-impact seizure-like behavior, acute mortality (<72 h post-injury), time to self-right after the impact, and severity of the injury (assessed with the neuroscore). The data was collected using Common Data Elements and Case Report Forms. The acute mortality was 15% (UEF), 50% (Melbourne) and 57% (UCLA) (p < 0.001). The sites differed in the duration of anesthesia, the shortest being at UEF < Melbourne < UCLA (p < 0.001). The impact pressure used also differed between the sites, the highest being in UEF > Melbourne > UCLA (p < 0.001). The impact pressure associated with the severity of the functional deficits (low neuroscore) (P < 0.05) only at UEF, but not at any of the other sites. Additionally, the sites differed in the duration of post-impact transient apnea (p < 0.001) and time to self-right (P < 0.001), the highest values in both parameters was registered in Melbourne. Post-impact seizure-like behavior was observed in 51% (UEF), 25% (Melbourne) and 2% (UCLA) of rats (p < 0.001). Despite the differences in means when all sites were compared there was significant overlap in injury parameters between the sites. The data reflects the technical difficulties in the production of lateral FPI across multiple sites. On the other hand, the data can be used to model the heterogeneity in human cohorts with closed-head injury. Our animal cohort will provide a good starting point to investigate the factors associated with epileptogenesis after lateral FPI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cesar Santana-Gomez
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pablo M Casillas-Espinosa
- The Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Idrish Ali
- The Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Rhys D Brady
- The Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Gregory Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pedro Andrade
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Riikka Immonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Noora Puhakka
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Matthew R Hudson
- The Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Emma L Braine
- The Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- The Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Richard J Staba
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- The Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia; Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia; Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
| | - Asla Pitkänen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
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Inflammation in Traumatic Brain Injury: Roles for Toxic A1 Astrocytes and Microglial-Astrocytic Crosstalk. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:1410-1424. [PMID: 30661228 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02721-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury triggers neuroinflammation that may contribute to progressive neurodegeneration. We investigated patterns of recruitment of astrocytes and microglia to inflammation after brain trauma by firstly characterising expression profiles over time of marker genes following TBI, and secondly by monitoring glial morphologies reflecting inflammatory responses in a rat model of traumatic brain injury (i.e. the lateral fluid percussion injury). Gene expression profiles revealed early elevation of expression of astrocytic marker glial fibrillary acidic protein relative to microglial marker allograft inflammatory factor 1 (also known as ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1). Adult rat brains collected at day 7 after injury were processed for immunohistochemistry with allograft inflammatory factor 1, glial fibrillary acidic protein and complement C3 (marker of bad/disruptive astrocytic A1 phenotype). Astrocytes positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein and complement C3 were significant increased in the injured cortex and displayed more complex patterns of arbourisation with significantly increased bifurcations. Our observations suggested that traumatic brain injury changed the phenotype of microglia from a ramified appearance with long, thin, highly branched processes to a swollen amoeboid shape in the injured cortex. These findings suggest differential glial activation with astrocytes likely undergoing strategic changes in morphology and function. Whilst a detailed analysis is needed of temporal patterns of glial activation, ours is the first evidence of a role for the bad/disruptive astrocytic A1 phenotype in an open head model of traumatic brain injury.
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31
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Kassi AAY, Mahavadi AK, Clavijo A, Caliz D, Lee SW, Ahmed AI, Yokobori S, Hu Z, Spurlock MS, Wasserman JM, Rivera KN, Nodal S, Powell HR, Di L, Torres R, Leung LY, Rubiano AM, Bullock RM, Gajavelli S. Enduring Neuroprotective Effect of Subacute Neural Stem Cell Transplantation After Penetrating TBI. Front Neurol 2019; 9:1097. [PMID: 30719019 PMCID: PMC6348935 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.01097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the largest cause of death and disability of persons under 45 years old, worldwide. Independent of the distribution, outcomes such as disability are associated with huge societal costs. The heterogeneity of TBI and its complicated biological response have helped clarify the limitations of current pharmacological approaches to TBI management. Five decades of effort have made some strides in reducing TBI mortality but little progress has been made to mitigate TBI-induced disability. Lessons learned from the failure of numerous randomized clinical trials and the inability to scale up results from single center clinical trials with neuroprotective agents led to the formation of organizations such as the Neurological Emergencies Treatment Trials (NETT) Network, and international collaborative comparative effectiveness research (CER) to re-orient TBI clinical research. With initiatives such as TRACK-TBI, generating rich and comprehensive human datasets with demographic, clinical, genomic, proteomic, imaging, and detailed outcome data across multiple time points has become the focus of the field in the United States (US). In addition, government institutions such as the US Department of Defense are investing in groups such as Operation Brain Trauma Therapy (OBTT), a multicenter, pre-clinical drug-screening consortium to address the barriers in translation. The consensus from such efforts including “The Lancet Neurology Commission” and current literature is that unmitigated cell death processes, incomplete debris clearance, aberrant neurotoxic immune, and glia cell response induce progressive tissue loss and spatiotemporal magnification of primary TBI. Our analysis suggests that the focus of neuroprotection research needs to shift from protecting dying and injured neurons at acute time points to modulating the aberrant glial response in sub-acute and chronic time points. One unexpected agent with neuroprotective properties that shows promise is transplantation of neural stem cells. In this review we present (i) a short survey of TBI epidemiology and summary of current care, (ii) findings of past neuroprotective clinical trials and possible reasons for failure based upon insights from human and preclinical TBI pathophysiology studies, including our group's inflammation-centered approach, (iii) the unmet need of TBI and unproven treatments and lastly, (iv) present evidence to support the rationale for sub-acute neural stem cell therapy to mediate enduring neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anelia A Y Kassi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Anil K Mahavadi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Angelica Clavijo
- Neurosurgery Service, INUB-MEDITECH Research Group, El Bosque University, Bogotá, CO, United States
| | - Daniela Caliz
- Neurosurgery Service, INUB-MEDITECH Research Group, El Bosque University, Bogotá, CO, United States
| | - Stephanie W Lee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Aminul I Ahmed
- Wessex Neurological Centre, University Hospitals Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Shoji Yokobori
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zhen Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Markus S Spurlock
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Joseph M Wasserman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Karla N Rivera
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Samuel Nodal
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Henry R Powell
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Long Di
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Rolando Torres
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Lai Yee Leung
- Branch of Brain Trauma Neuroprotection and Neurorestoration, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States.,Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Andres Mariano Rubiano
- Neurosurgery Service, INUB-MEDITECH Research Group, El Bosque University, Bogotá, CO, United States
| | - Ross M Bullock
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Shyam Gajavelli
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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Goodus MT, Sauerbeck AD, Popovich PG, Bruno RS, McTigue DM. Dietary Green Tea Extract Prior to Spinal Cord Injury Prevents Hepatic Iron Overload but Does Not Improve Chronic Hepatic and Spinal Cord Pathology in Rats. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:2872-2882. [PMID: 30084733 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.5771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) disrupts autonomic regulation of visceral organs. As a result, a leading cause of mortality in the SCI population is metabolic dysfunction, and an organ central to metabolic control is the liver. Our recent work showed that rodent SCI promotes Kupffer cell (hepatic macrophage) activation, pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, and liver steatosis. These are symptoms of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, and these pre-clinical data replicate aspects of post-SCI human metabolic dysfunction. Because metabolic profile is highly dependent on lifestyle, including diet, it is likely that lifestyle choices prior to injury influence metabolic and hepatic outcomes after SCI. Therefore, in this study we tested if a diet rich in green tea extract (GTE), a known hepatoprotective agent, that began 3 weeks before SCI and was maintained after injury, reduced indices of liver pathology or metabolic dysfunction. GTE treatment significantly reduced post-SCI hepatic iron accumulation and blunted circulating glucose elevation compared with control-diet rats. However, GTE pre-treatment did not prevent Kupffer cell activation, hepatic lipid accumulation, increased serum alanine transaminase, or circulating non-esterified fatty acids, which were all significantly increased 6 weeks post-injury. Spinal cord pathology also was unchanged by GTE. Thus, dietary GTE prior to and after SCI had only a minor hepatoprotective effect. In general, for optimal health of SCI individuals, it will be important for future studies to evaluate how other lifestyle choices made before or after SCI positively or negatively impact systemic and intraspinal outcomes and the overall metabolic health of SCI individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Goodus
- 1 The Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,2 Department of Neuroscience, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,3 Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Wexner Medical Center, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Andrew D Sauerbeck
- 1 The Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,2 Department of Neuroscience, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Phillip G Popovich
- 1 The Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,2 Department of Neuroscience, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,3 Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Wexner Medical Center, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Richard S Bruno
- 4 Human Nutrition Program, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Dana M McTigue
- 1 The Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,2 Department of Neuroscience, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,3 Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Wexner Medical Center, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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33
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Brady RD, Casillas-Espinosa PM, Agoston DV, Bertram EH, Kamnaksh A, Semple BD, Shultz SR. Modelling traumatic brain injury and posttraumatic epilepsy in rodents. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 123:8-19. [PMID: 30121231 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE) is one of the most debilitating and understudied consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI). It is challenging to study the effects, underlying pathophysiology, biomarkers, and treatment of TBI and PTE purely in human patients for a number of reasons. Rodent models can complement human PTE studies as they allow for the rigorous investigation into the causal relationship between TBI and PTE, the pathophysiological mechanisms of PTE, the validation and implementation of PTE biomarkers, and the assessment of PTE treatments, in a tightly controlled, time- and cost-efficient manner in experimental subjects known to be experiencing epileptogenic processes. This article will review several common rodent models of TBI and/or PTE, including their use in previous studies and discuss their relative strengths, limitations, and avenues for future research to advance our understanding and treatment of PTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys D Brady
- Departments of Neuroscience and Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Pablo M Casillas-Espinosa
- Departments of Neuroscience and Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Denes V Agoston
- Anatomy, Physiology & Genetics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Edward H Bertram
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 800394, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0394, USA
| | - Alaa Kamnaksh
- Anatomy, Physiology & Genetics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Bridgette D Semple
- Departments of Neuroscience and Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- Departments of Neuroscience and Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
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Tan XL, Sun M, Brady RD, Liu S, Llanos R, Cheung S, Wright DK, Casillas-Espinosa PM, Sashindranath M, O'Brien TJ, McDonald SJ, Turner BJ, Shultz SR. Transactive Response DNA-Binding Protein 43 Abnormalities after Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2018; 36:87-99. [PMID: 29901412 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Initial studies have found some evidence for transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) abnormalities after traumatic brain injury (TBI), and the presence of protein inclusions consisting of TDP-43 are a pathological hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a condition associated with TBI. However, no study has characterized changes in TDP-43 phosphorylation, mislocalization, and fragmentation (i.e., abnormalities linked to hallmark TDP-43 pathology) after TBI, and how these relate to functional outcomes. Further, how TBI affects an individual with a known predisposition to TDP-43 pathology is unknown. Therefore, this study examined the effects of TBI on TDP-43 post-translational processing, localization, and behavioral outcomes in wild-type (WT) mice and mutant TDP-43A315T mice (i.e., mice predisposed to TDP-43 pathology) at 24 h and 1 week after TBI. Post-mortem brain tissue from human patients with acute TBI was also examined. Western blots found that WT mice given TBI had increased TDP-43 phosphorylation, mislocalization, and fragmentation compared with sham-injured WT mice. The TDP-43A315T mice given a TBI had exacerbated TDP-43 abnormalities, worse cell death, and cognitive deficits compared with all other groups. In the human TBI patients, the only significant finding was increased nuclear accumulation of phosphorylated TDP-43 fragments. The discrepancy between the robust mouse findings and the largely non-significant human findings may be due to factors including heterogeneity in clinical TBI, the small group sizes, and temporal complexities with TDP-43 abnormalities. These findings indicate that TBI can induce a number of TDP-43 abnormalities that may contribute to the neurological consequences of TBI, though further research is still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lin Tan
- 1 Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mujun Sun
- 1 Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rhys D Brady
- 1 Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- 2 Department of Neuroscience, Monash University , Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shijie Liu
- 2 Department of Neuroscience, Monash University , Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Roxana Llanos
- 3 Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University , Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steve Cheung
- 3 Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University , Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - David K Wright
- 2 Department of Neuroscience, Monash University , Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pablo M Casillas-Espinosa
- 1 Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- 2 Department of Neuroscience, Monash University , Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maithili Sashindranath
- 4 Australian Center for Blood Disease, Monash University , Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- 1 Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- 2 Department of Neuroscience, Monash University , Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stuart J McDonald
- 5 Physiology, Anatomy, and Microbiology, La Trobe University , Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bradley J Turner
- 6 The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health , Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- 1 Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- 2 Department of Neuroscience, Monash University , Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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35
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Semple BD, Zamani A, Rayner G, Shultz SR, Jones NC. Affective, neurocognitive and psychosocial disorders associated with traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic epilepsy. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 123:27-41. [PMID: 30059725 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivors of traumatic brain injury (TBI) often develop chronic neurological, neurocognitive, psychological, and psychosocial deficits that can have a profound impact on an individual's wellbeing and quality of life. TBI is also a common cause of acquired epilepsy, which is itself associated with significant behavioral morbidity. This review considers the clinical and preclinical evidence that post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) acts as a 'second-hit' insult to worsen chronic behavioral outcomes for brain-injured patients, across the domains of emotional, cognitive, and psychosocial functioning. Surprisingly, few well-designed studies have specifically examined the relationship between seizures and behavioral outcomes after TBI. The complex mechanisms underlying these comorbidities remain incompletely understood, although many of the biological processes that precipitate seizure occurrence and epileptogenesis may also contribute to the development of chronic behavioral deficits. Further, the relationship between PTE and behavioral dysfunction is increasingly recognized to be a bidirectional one, whereby premorbid conditions are a risk factor for PTE. Clinical studies in this arena are often challenged by the confounding effects of anti-seizure medications, while preclinical studies have rarely examined an adequately extended time course to fully capture the time course of epilepsy development after a TBI. To drive the field forward towards improved treatment strategies, it is imperative that both seizures and neurobehavioral outcomes are assessed in parallel after TBI, both in patient populations and preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridgette D Semple
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Akram Zamani
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Genevieve Rayner
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre (Austin Campus), Heidelberg, VIC, Australia; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, Alfred Health, Australia.
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Nigel C Jones
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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36
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Swanton T, Cook J, Beswick JA, Freeman S, Lawrence CB, Brough D. Is Targeting the Inflammasome a Way Forward for Neuroscience Drug Discovery? SLAS DISCOVERY 2018; 23:991-1017. [PMID: 29969573 DOI: 10.1177/2472555218786210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is becoming increasingly recognized as a critical factor in the pathology of both acute and chronic neurological conditions. Inflammasomes such as the one formed by NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains containing protein 3 (NLRP3) are key regulators of inflammation due to their ability to induce the processing and secretion of interleukin 1β (IL-1β). IL-1β has previously been identified as a potential therapeutic target in a variety of conditions due to its ability to promote neuronal damage under conditions of injury. Thus, inflammasome inhibition has the potential to curtail inflammatory signaling, which could prove beneficial in certain diseases. In this review, we discuss the evidence for inflammasome contributions to the pathology of neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and acute degeneration following brain trauma or stroke. In addition, we review the current landscape of drug development targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Swanton
- 1 Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - James Cook
- 1 Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - James A Beswick
- 2 Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sally Freeman
- 2 Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Catherine B Lawrence
- 1 Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David Brough
- 1 Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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37
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Orr MB, Gensel JC. Spinal Cord Injury Scarring and Inflammation: Therapies Targeting Glial and Inflammatory Responses. Neurotherapeutics 2018; 15:541-553. [PMID: 29717413 PMCID: PMC6095779 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-018-0631-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Deficits in neuronal function are a hallmark of spinal cord injury (SCI) and therapeutic efforts are often focused on central nervous system (CNS) axon regeneration. However, secondary injury responses by astrocytes, microglia, pericytes, endothelial cells, Schwann cells, fibroblasts, meningeal cells, and other glia not only potentiate SCI damage but also facilitate endogenous repair. Due to their profound impact on the progression of SCI, glial cells and modification of the glial scar are focuses of SCI therapeutic research. Within and around the glial scar, cells deposit extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins that affect axon growth such as chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), laminin, collagen, and fibronectin. This dense deposition of material, i.e., the fibrotic scar, is another barrier to endogenous repair and is a target of SCI therapies. Infiltrating neutrophils and monocytes are recruited to the injury site through glial chemokine and cytokine release and subsequent upregulation of chemotactic cellular adhesion molecules and selectins on endothelial cells. These peripheral immune cells, along with endogenous microglia, drive a robust inflammatory response to injury with heterogeneous reparative and pathological properties and are targeted for therapeutic modification. Here, we review the role of glial and inflammatory cells after SCI and the therapeutic strategies that aim to replace, dampen, or alter their activity to modulate SCI scarring and inflammation and improve injury outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Orr
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 741 S. Limestone, B463 BBSRB, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536, USA
| | - John C Gensel
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 741 S. Limestone, B463 BBSRB, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536, USA.
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38
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Casili G, Campolo M, Paterniti I, Lanza M, Filippone A, Cuzzocrea S, Esposito E. Dimethyl Fumarate Attenuates Neuroinflammation and Neurobehavioral Deficits Induced by Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:1437-1451. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Casili
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Michela Campolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Irene Paterniti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marika Lanza
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessia Filippone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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39
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Wright DK, Liu S, van der Poel C, McDonald SJ, Brady RD, Taylor L, Yang L, Gardner AJ, Ordidge R, O'Brien TJ, Johnston LA, Shultz SR. Traumatic Brain Injury Results in Cellular, Structural and Functional Changes Resembling Motor Neuron Disease. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:4503-4515. [PMID: 27566977 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been suggested to increase the risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, this link remains controversial and as such, here we performed experimental moderate TBI in rats and assessed for the presence of ALS-like pathological and functional abnormalities at both 1 and 12 weeks post-injury. Serial in-vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated that rats given a TBI had progressive atrophy of the motor cortices and degeneration of the corticospinal tracts compared with sham-injured rats. Immunofluorescence analyses revealed a progressive reduction in neurons, as well as increased phosphorylated transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) and cytoplasmic TDP-43, in the motor cortex of rats given a TBI. Rats given a TBI also had fewer spinal cord motor neurons, increased expression of muscle atrophy markers, and altered muscle fiber contractile properties compared with sham-injured rats at 12 weeks, but not 1 week, post-injury. All of these changes occurred in the presence of persisting motor deficits. These findings resemble some of the pathological and functional abnormalities common in ALS and support the notion that TBI can result in a progressive neurodegenerative disease process pathologically bearing similarities to a motor neuron disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K Wright
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.,Animal Imaging Facility, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Shijie Liu
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Chris van der Poel
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Stuart J McDonald
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Rhys D Brady
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Lily Taylor
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Andrew J Gardner
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, Department of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Roger Ordidge
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Leigh A Johnston
- Animal Imaging Facility, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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40
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Sun M, McDonald SJ, Brady RD, O'Brien TJ, Shultz SR. The influence of immunological stressors on traumatic brain injury. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 69:618-628. [PMID: 29355823 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, and typically involves a robust immune response. Although a great deal of preclinical research has been conducted to identify an effective treatment, all phase III clinical trials have been unsuccessful to date. These translational shortcomings are in part due to a failure to recognize and account for the heterogeneity of TBI, including how extracranial factors can influence the aftermath of TBI. For example, most preclinical studies have utilized isolated TBI models in young adult males, while clinical trials typically involve highly heterogeneous patient populations (e.g., different mechanisms of injury, a range of ages, presence of polytrauma or infection). This paper will review the current, albeit limited literature related to how TBI is affected by common concomitant immunological stressors. In particular, discussion will focus on whether extracranial trauma (i.e., polytrauma), infection, and age/immunosenescence can influence TBI pathophysiology, and thereby may result in a different brain injury than what would have occurred in an isolated TBI. It is concluded that these immunological stressors are all likely to be TBI modifiers that should be further studied and could impact translational treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujun Sun
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Stuart J McDonald
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Rhys D Brady
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Departments of Neuroscience and Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Departments of Neuroscience and Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Departments of Neuroscience and Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
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41
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Bhowmick S, D'Mello V, Ponery N, Abdul-Muneer PM. Neurodegeneration and Sensorimotor Deficits in the Mouse Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. Brain Sci 2018; 8:brainsci8010011. [PMID: 29316623 PMCID: PMC5789342 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can result in persistent sensorimotor and cognitive deficits, which occur through a cascade of deleterious pathophysiological events over time. In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that neurodegeneration caused by TBI leads to impairments in sensorimotor function. TBI induces the activation of the caspase-3 enzyme, which triggers cell apoptosis in an in vivo model of fluid percussion injury (FPI). We analyzed caspase-3 mediated apoptosis by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and annexin V western blotting. We correlated the neurodegeneration with sensorimotor deficits by conducting the animal behavioral tests including grid walk, balance beam, the inverted screen test, and the climb test. Our study demonstrated that the excess cell death or neurodegeneration correlated with the neuronal dysfunction and sensorimotor impairments associated with TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Bhowmick
- Laboratory of CNS Injury and Repair, Neuroscience Institute, JFK Medical Center, 65 James St, Edison, NJ 08820, USA.
| | - Veera D'Mello
- Laboratory of CNS Injury and Repair, Neuroscience Institute, JFK Medical Center, 65 James St, Edison, NJ 08820, USA.
| | - Nizmi Ponery
- Laboratory of CNS Injury and Repair, Neuroscience Institute, JFK Medical Center, 65 James St, Edison, NJ 08820, USA.
| | - P M Abdul-Muneer
- Laboratory of CNS Injury and Repair, Neuroscience Institute, JFK Medical Center, 65 James St, Edison, NJ 08820, USA.
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Johnstone MR, Sun M, Taylor CJ, Brady RD, Grills BL, Church JE, Shultz SR, McDonald SJ. Gambogic amide, a selective TrkA agonist, does not improve outcomes from traumatic brain injury in mice. Brain Inj 2017; 32:257-268. [PMID: 29227174 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2017.1394492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is evidence that treatment with nerve growth factor (NGF) may reduce neuroinflammation and apoptosis after a traumatic brain injury (TBI). NGF is thought to exert its effects via binding to either TrkA or p75 neurotrophin receptors. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a selective TrkA agonist, gambogic amide (GA), on TBI pathology and outcomes in mice following lateral fluid percussion injury. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were given either a TBI or sham injury, and then received subcutaneous injections of either 2 mg/kg of GA or vehicle at 1, 24, and 48 h post-injury. Following behavioural studies, mice were euthanized at 72 h post-injury for analysis of neuroinflammatory, apoptotic, and neurite outgrowth markers. RESULTS Behavioural testing revealed that GA did not mitigate motor deficits after TBI. TBI caused an increase in cortical and hippocampal expression of several markers of neuroinflammation and apoptosis compared to sham groups. GA treatment did not attenuate these increases in expression, possibly contributed to by our finding of TrkA receptor down-regulation post-TBI. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that GA treatment may not be suitable for attenuating TBI pathology and improving outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddison R Johnstone
- a Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology , School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University , Melbourne , VIC , Australia
| | - Mujun Sun
- b Department of Medicine , The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne , Parkville , VIC , Australia
| | - Caroline J Taylor
- a Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology , School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University , Melbourne , VIC , Australia
| | - Rhys D Brady
- a Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology , School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University , Melbourne , VIC , Australia.,b Department of Medicine , The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne , Parkville , VIC , Australia
| | - Brian L Grills
- a Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology , School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University , Melbourne , VIC , Australia
| | - Jarrod E Church
- a Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology , School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University , Melbourne , VIC , Australia
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- b Department of Medicine , The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne , Parkville , VIC , Australia.,c Department of Neuroscience , Central Clinical School, Monash University , Melbourne , VIC , Australia
| | - Stuart J McDonald
- a Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology , School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University , Melbourne , VIC , Australia
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Marshall J, Szmydynger-Chodobska J, Rioult-Pedotti MS, Lau K, Chin AT, Kotla SKR, Tiwari RK, Parang K, Threlkeld SW, Chodobski A. TrkB-enhancer facilitates functional recovery after traumatic brain injury. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10995. [PMID: 28887487 PMCID: PMC5591207 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11316-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a key player in regulating synaptic strength and learning, is dysregulated following traumatic brain injury (TBI), suggesting that stimulation of BDNF signaling pathways may facilitate functional recovery. This study investigates whether CN2097, a peptidomimetic ligand which targets the synaptic scaffold protein, postsynaptic density protein 95, to enhance downstream signaling of tropomyosin-related kinase B, a receptor for BDNF, can improve neurological function after TBI. Moderate to severe TBI elicits neuroinflammation and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation, which is associated with memory deficits. Here we demonstrate that CN2097 significantly reduces the post-traumatic synthesis of proinflammatory mediators and inhibits the post-traumatic activation of JNK in a rodent model of TBI. The recordings of field excitatory post-synaptic potentials in the hippocampal CA1 subfield demonstrate that TBI inhibits the expression of long-term potentiation (LTP) evoked by high-frequency stimulation of Schaffer collaterals, and that CN2097 attenuates this LTP impairment. Lastly, we demonstrate that CN2097 significantly improves the complex auditory processing deficits, which are impaired after injury. The multifunctionality of CN2097 strongly suggests that CN2097 could be highly efficacious in targeting complex secondary injury processes resulting from neurotrauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Marshall
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
| | - Joanna Szmydynger-Chodobska
- Neurotrauma and Brain Barriers Research Laboratory, Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Mengia S Rioult-Pedotti
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Kara Lau
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Andrea T Chin
- Neurotrauma and Brain Barriers Research Laboratory, Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Siva K Reddy Kotla
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Rakesh Kumar Tiwari
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Keykavous Parang
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | | | - Adam Chodobski
- Neurotrauma and Brain Barriers Research Laboratory, Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
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Geremia NM, Hryciw T, Bao F, Streijger F, Okon E, Lee JHT, Weaver LC, Dekaban GA, Kwon BK, Brown A. The effectiveness of the anti-CD11d treatment is reduced in rat models of spinal cord injury that produce significant levels of intraspinal hemorrhage. Exp Neurol 2017; 295:125-134. [PMID: 28587875 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that administration of a CD11d monoclonal antibody (mAb) improves recovery in a clip-compression model of SCI. In this model the CD11d mAb reduces the infiltration of activated leukocytes into the injured spinal cord (as indicated by reduced intraspinal MPO). However not all anti-inflammatory strategies have reported beneficial results, suggesting that success of the CD11d mAb treatment may depend on the type or severity of the injury. We therefore tested the CD11d mAb treatment in a rat hemi-contusion model of cervical SCI. In contrast to its effects in the clip-compression model, the CD11d mAb treatment did not improve forelimb function nor did it significantly reduce MPO levels in the hemi-contused cord. To determine if the disparate results using the CD11d mAb were due to the biomechanical nature of the cord injury (compression SCI versus contusion SCI) or to the spinal level of the injury (12th thoracic level versus cervical) we further evaluated the CD11d mAb treatment after a T12 contusion SCI. In contrast to the T12 clip compression SCI, the CD11d mAb treatment did not improve locomotor recovery or significantly reduce MPO levels after T12 contusion SCI. Lesion analyses revealed increased levels of hemorrhage after contusion SCI compared to clip-compression SCI. SCI that is accompanied by increased intraspinal hemorrhage would be predicted to be refractory to the CD11d mAb therapy as this approach targets leukocyte diapedesis through the intact vasculature. These results suggest that the disparate results of the anti-CD11d treatment in contusion and clip-compression models of SCI are due to the different pathophysiological mechanisms that dominate these two types of spinal cord injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Geremia
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - T Hryciw
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - F Bao
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - F Streijger
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, University of British Columbia, 818 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - E Okon
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, University of British Columbia, 818 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - J H T Lee
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, University of British Columbia, 818 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - L C Weaver
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - G A Dekaban
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - B K Kwon
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, University of British Columbia, 818 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - A Brown
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada.
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Simon DW, McGeachy M, Bayır H, Clark RS, Loane DJ, Kochanek PM. The far-reaching scope of neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury. Nat Rev Neurol 2017; 13:171-191. [PMID: 28186177 PMCID: PMC5675525 DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2017.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 593] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The 'silent epidemic' of traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been placed in the spotlight as a result of clinical investigations and popular press coverage of athletes and veterans with single or repetitive head injuries. Neuroinflammation can cause acute secondary injury after TBI, and has been linked to chronic neurodegenerative diseases; however, anti-inflammatory agents have failed to improve TBI outcomes in clinical trials. In this Review, we therefore propose a new framework of targeted immunomodulation after TBI for future exploration. Our framework incorporates factors such as the time from injury, mechanism of injury, and secondary insults in considering potential treatment options. Structuring our discussion around the dynamics of the immune response to TBI - from initial triggers to chronic neuroinflammation - we consider the ability of soluble and cellular inflammatory mediators to promote repair and regeneration versus secondary injury and neurodegeneration. We summarize both animal model and human studies, with clinical data explicitly defined throughout this Review. Recent advances in neuroimmunology and TBI-responsive neuroinflammation are incorporated, including concepts of inflammasomes, mechanisms of microglial polarization, and glymphatic clearance. Moreover, we highlight findings that could offer novel therapeutic targets for translational and clinical research, assimilate evidence from other brain injury models, and identify outstanding questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis W. Simon
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; The Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, and the Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; The Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, and the Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Mandy McGeachy
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; The Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, and the Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Hülya Bayır
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; The Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, and the Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; The Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, and the Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Robert S.B. Clark
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; The Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, and the Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; The Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, and the Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; The Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, and the Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; The Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, and the Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - David J. Loane
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MA 21201, USA
| | - Patrick M. Kochanek
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; The Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, and the Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; The Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, and the Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; The Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, and the Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; The Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, and the Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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46
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Bruschetta G, Impellizzeri D, Campolo M, Casili G, Di Paola R, Paterniti I, Esposito E, Cuzzocrea S. FeTPPS Reduces Secondary Damage and Improves Neurobehavioral Functions after Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:6. [PMID: 28223911 PMCID: PMC5293762 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) determinate a cascade of events that rapidly lead to neuron's damage and death. We already reported that administration of FeTPPS, a 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin iron III chloride peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst, possessed evident neuroprotective effects in a experimental model of spinal cord damage. The present study evaluated the neuroprotective property of FeTPPS in TBI, using a clinically validated model of TBI, the controlled cortical impact injury (CCI). We observe that treatment with FeTPPS (30 mg/kg, i.p.) reduced: the state of brain inflammation and the tissue hurt (histological score), myeloperoxidase activity, nitric oxide production, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and pro-inflammatory cytokines expression and apoptosis process. Moreover, treatment with FeTPPS re-established motor-cognitive function after CCI and it resulted in a reduction of lesion volumes. Our results established that FeTPPS treatment decreases the growth of inflammatory process and the tissue injury associated with TBI. Thus our study confirmed the neuroprotective role of FeTPPS treatment on TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Bruschetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Michela Campolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanna Casili
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Irene Paterniti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of MessinaMessina, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of MedicineSt. Louis. MO, USA
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47
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The Involvement of Pial Microvessels in Leukocyte Invasion after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167677. [PMID: 28030563 PMCID: PMC5193324 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) are not well understood, but likely involve neuroinflammation. Here the controlled cortical impact model of mTBI in rats was used to test this hypothesis. Mild TBI caused a rapid (within 6 h post-mTBI) upregulation of synthesis of TNF-α and IL-1β in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, followed by an increase in production of neutrophil (CXCL1-3) and monocyte (CCL2) chemoattractants. While astrocytes were not a significant source of CXC chemokines, they highly expressed CCL2. An increase in production of CXC chemokines coincided with the influx of neutrophils into the injured brain. At 6 h post-mTBI, we observed a robust influx of CCL2-expressing neutrophils across pial microvessels into the subarachnoid space (SAS) near the injury site. Mild TBI was not accompanied by any significant influx of neutrophils into the brain parenchyma until 24 h after injury. This was associated with an early induction of expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 on the endothelium of the ipsilateral pial, but not intraparenchymal, microvessels. At 6 h post-mTBI, we also observed a robust influx of neutrophils into the ipsilateral cistern of velum interpositum (CVI), a slit-shaped cerebrospinal fluid space located above the 3rd ventricle with highly vascularized pia mater. From SAS and CVI, neutrophils appeared to move along the perivascular spaces to enter the brain parenchyma. The monocyte influx was not observed until 24 h post-mTBI, and these inflammatory cells predominantly entered the ipsilateral SAS and CVI, with a limited invasion of brain parenchyma. These observations indicate that the endothelium of pial microvessels responds to injury differently than that of intraparenchymal microvessels, which may be associated with the lack of astrocytic ensheathment of cerebrovascular endothelium in pial microvessels. These findings also suggest that neuroinflammation represents the potential therapeutic target in mTBI.
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48
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Brady RD, Shultz SR, Sun M, Romano T, van der Poel C, Wright DK, Wark JD, O'Brien TJ, Grills BL, McDonald SJ. Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury Induces Bone Loss in Rats. J Neurotrauma 2016; 33:2154-2160. [PMID: 25686841 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2014.3836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Few studies have investigated the influence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on bone homeostasis; however, pathophysiological mechanisms involved in TBI have potential to be detrimental to bone. The current study assessed the effect of experimental TBI in rats on the quantity and quality of two different weight-bearing bones, the femur and humerus. Rats were randomly assigned into either sham or lateral fluid percussion injury (FPI) groups. Open-field testing to assess locomotion was conducted at 1, 4, and 12 weeks post-injury, with the rats killed at 1 and 12 weeks post-injury. Bones were analyzed using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), histomorphometric analysis, and three-point bending. pQCT analysis revealed that at 1 and 12 weeks post-injury, the distal metaphyseal region of femora from FPI rats had reduced cortical content (10% decrease at 1 week, 8% decrease at 12 weeks; p < 0.01) and cortical thickness (10% decrease at 1 week, 11% decrease at 12 weeks p < 0.001). There was also a 23% reduction in trabecular bone volume ratio at 1 week post-injury and a 27% reduction at 12 weeks post-injury in FPI rats compared to sham (p < 0.001). There were no differences in bone quantity and mechanical properties of the femoral midshaft between sham and TBI animals. There were no differences in locomotor outcomes, which suggested that post-TBI changes in bone were not attributed to immobility. Taken together, these findings indicate that this rat model of TBI was detrimental to bone and suggests a link between TBI and altered bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys D Brady
- 1 Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University , Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- 2 Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Mujun Sun
- 2 Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Tania Romano
- 1 Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University , Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Chris van der Poel
- 1 Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University , Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - David K Wright
- 3 Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC, Australia .,4 The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - John D Wark
- 2 Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- 2 Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Brian L Grills
- 1 Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University , Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart J McDonald
- 1 Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University , Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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49
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Andreasson KI, Bachstetter AD, Colonna M, Ginhoux F, Holmes C, Lamb B, Landreth G, Lee DC, Low D, Lynch MA, Monsonego A, O’Banion MK, Pekny M, Puschmann T, Russek-Blum N, Sandusky LA, Selenica MLB, Takata K, Teeling J, Town T, Van Eldik LJ, Russek-Blum N, Monsonego A, Low D, Takata K, Ginhoux F, Town T, O’Banion MK, Lamb B, Colonna M, Landreth G, Andreasson KI, Sandusky LA, Selenica MLB, Lee DC, Holmes C, Teeling J, Lynch MA, Van Eldik LJ, Bachstetter AD, Pekny M, Puschmann T. Targeting innate immunity for neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system. J Neurochem 2016; 138:653-93. [PMID: 27248001 PMCID: PMC5433264 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is critically involved in numerous neurodegenerative diseases, and key signaling steps of innate immune activation hence represent promising therapeutic targets. This mini review series originated from the 4th Venusberg Meeting on Neuroinflammation held in Bonn, Germany, 7-9th May 2015, presenting updates on innate immunity in acute brain injury and chronic neurodegenerative disorders, such as traumatic brain injury and Alzheimer disease, on the role of astrocytes and microglia, as well as technical developments that may help elucidate neuroinflammatory mechanisms and establish clinical relevance. In this meeting report, a brief overview of physiological and pathological microglia morphology is followed by a synopsis on PGE2 receptors, insights into the role of arginine metabolism and further relevant aspects of neuroinflammation in various clinical settings, and concluded by a presentation of technical challenges and solutions when working with microglia and astrocyte cultures. Microglial ontogeny and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia, advances of TREM2 signaling, and the cytokine paradox in Alzheimer's disease are further contributions to this article. Neuroinflammation is critically involved in numerous neurodegenerative diseases, and key signaling steps of innate immune activation hence represent promising therapeutic targets. This mini review series originated from the 4th Venusberg Meeting on Neuroinflammation held in Bonn, Germany, 7-9th May 2015, presenting updates on innate immunity in acute brain injury and chronic neurodegenerative disorders, such as traumatic brain injury and Alzheimer's disease, on the role of astrocytes and microglia, as well as technical developments that may help elucidate neuroinflammatory mechanisms and establish clinical relevance. In this meeting report, a brief overview on physiological and pathological microglia morphology is followed by a synopsis on PGE2 receptors, insights into the role of arginine metabolism and further relevant aspects of neuroinflammation in various clinical settings, and concluded by a presentation of technical challenges and solutions when working with microglia cultures. Microglial ontogeny and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia, advances of TREM2 signaling, and the cytokine paradox in Alzheimer's disease are further contributions to this article.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Niva Russek-Blum
- The Dead Sea and Arava Science Center, Central Arava Branch, Yair Station, Hazeva, Israel
| | - Alon Monsonego
- The Shraga Segal Dept. of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, The Faculty of Health Sciences: The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, and Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Donovan Low
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Kazuyuki Takata
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Department of Clinical and Translational Physiology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Terrence Town
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089,
| | - M. Kerry O’Banion
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, Del Monte Neuromedicine Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642,
| | - Bruce Lamb
- Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Gary Landreth
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University 44106
| | - Katrin I. Andreasson
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Leslie A. Sandusky
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Tampa, FL 33613
- College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tampa, FL 33613
| | - Maj-Linda B. Selenica
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Tampa, FL 33613
- College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tampa, FL 33613
| | - Daniel C. Lee
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Tampa, FL 33613
- College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tampa, FL 33613
| | - Clive Holmes
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 7YD, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Teeling
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 7YD, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Milos Pekny
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Till Puschmann
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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50
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Sodium selenate, a protein phosphatase 2A activator, mitigates hyperphosphorylated tau and improves repeated mild traumatic brain injury outcomes. Neuropharmacology 2016; 108:382-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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