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Li F, Qin N, Yu Y, Dong R, Li X, Gong S, Zeng Z, Huang L, Yang H. TREM-1 inhibition or ondansetron administration ameliorates NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis in traumatic brain injury-induced acute lung injury. Arch Med Sci 2024; 20:984-996. [PMID: 39050170 PMCID: PMC11264077 DOI: 10.5114/aoms/174264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recently, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) and pyroptosis have been reported to be involved in traumatic brain injury-induced acute lung injury (TBI-ALI). Studies have shown that triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) may be one of the upstream molecules regulating NLRP3/pyroptosis, and 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3-receptor (5-HT3R) antagonists can inhibit NLRP3/pyroptosis. However, the role of TRME-1 in TBI-ALI, the therapeutic effect of 5-HT3R inhibition on TBI-ALI and its mechanism are still unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of ondansetron, a 5-HT3 inhibitor, on TBI-ALI, and to explore whether the underlying mechanism is related to the regulation of TREM-1. Material and methods A TBI-ALI rat model was constructed via lateral fluid percussion (LFP) brain injury, and either TREM-1 inhibitor (LP17) or ondansetron was administered as needed. Results TBI induced NLRP3 inflammasome, pyroptosis, and TREM-1 activation in rat lung tissues in a time-dependent manner. Inhibition of TREM-1 activity attenuated TBI-ALI; this is evident from reduced pathological scores, wet/dry ratios, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein levels and alleviated NLRP3 inflammasome/pyroptosis. In addition, ondansetron reduced NLRP3 inflammasome/pyroptosis and alleviated TBI-ALI. Moreover, ondansetron reduced TREM-1 activation in macrophages and lung tissue. Conclusions Ondansetron alleviated TBI-ALI. In terms of mechanism, TREM-1 promotes TBI-ALI via the NLRP3-related pyroptosis pathway, and the protective effect of ondansetron on TBI-ALI may be related to the inhibition of TREM-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third Clinical College of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Qin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third Clinical College of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiqin Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third Clinical College of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Dong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third Clinical College of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third Clinical College of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenhai Gong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhua Zeng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third Clinical College of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third Clinical College of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Guangzhou, China
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Kim JT, Song K, Han SW, Youn DH, Jung H, Kim KS, Lee HJ, Hong JY, Cho YJ, Kang SM, Jeon JP. Modeling of the brain-lung axis using organoids in traumatic brain injury: an updated review. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:83. [PMID: 38909262 PMCID: PMC11193205 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01252-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Clinical outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is closely associated conditions of other organs, especially lungs as well as degree of brain injury. Even if there is no direct lung damage, severe brain injury can enhance sympathetic tones on blood vessels and vascular resistance, resulting in neurogenic pulmonary edema. Conversely, lung damage can worsen brain damage by dysregulating immunity. These findings suggest the importance of brain-lung axis interactions in TBI. However, little research has been conducted on the topic. An advanced disease model using stem cell technology may be an alternative for investigating the brain and lungs simultaneously but separately, as they can be potential candidates for improving the clinical outcomes of TBI.In this review, we describe the importance of brain-lung axis interactions in TBI by focusing on the concepts and reproducibility of brain and lung organoids in vitro. We also summarize recent research using pluripotent stem cell-derived brain organoids and their preclinical applications in various brain disease conditions and explore how they mimic the brain-lung axis. Reviewing the current status and discussing the limitations and potential perspectives in organoid research may offer a better understanding of pathophysiological interactions between the brain and lung after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Tae Kim
- Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Song
- Department of Green Chemical Engineering, Sangmyung University, Cheonan, 31066, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woo Han
- Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyuk Youn
- Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Harry Jung
- Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Suh Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Lee
- Department of Periodontology, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Hong
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jun Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Min Kang
- Department of Green Chemical Engineering, Sangmyung University, Cheonan, 31066, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Pyeong Jeon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea.
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Huang Y, Jiang W, Zhou R. DAMP sensing and sterile inflammation: intracellular, intercellular and inter-organ pathways. Nat Rev Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41577-024-01027-3. [PMID: 38684933 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01027-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are endogenous molecules that are released from host cells as a result of cell death or damage. The release of DAMPs in tissues is associated with loss of tissue homeostasis. Sensing of DAMPs by innate immune receptors triggers inflammation, which can be beneficial in initiating the processes that restore tissue homeostasis but can also drive inflammatory diseases. In recent years, the sensing of intracellular DAMPs has received extensive attention in the field of sterile inflammation. However, emerging studies have shown that DAMPs that originate from neighbouring cells, and even from distal tissues or organs, also mediate sterile inflammatory responses. This multi-level sensing of DAMPs is crucial for intercellular, trans-tissue and trans-organ communication. Here, we summarize how DAMP-sensing receptors detect DAMPs from intracellular, intercellular or distal tissue and organ sources to mediate sterile inflammation. We also discuss the possibility of targeting DAMPs or their corresponding receptors to treat inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Rongbin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China.
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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4
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Cyr B, Cabrera Ranaldi EDLRM, Hadad R, Dietrich WD, Keane RW, de Rivero Vaccari JP. Extracellular vesicles mediate inflammasome signaling in the brain and heart of Alzheimer's disease mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1369781. [PMID: 38660388 PMCID: PMC11039928 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1369781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an inflammatory neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory loss and cognitive impairment that worsens over time. AD is associated with many comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease that are associated with poorer outcomes. Comorbidities, especially heart disease and stroke, play a significant role in the demise of AD patients. Thus, it is important to understand how comorbidities are linked to AD. We have previously shown that extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated inflammasome signaling plays an important role in the pathogenesis of brain injury and acute lung injury after traumatic brain injury. Methods We analyzed the cortical, hippocampal, ventricular, and atrial protein lysates from APP/PS1 mice and their respective controls for inflammasome signaling activation. Additionally, we analyzed serum-derived EV for size, concentration, and content of inflammasome proteins as well as the EV marker CD63. Finally, we performed conditioned media experiments of EV from AD patients and healthy age-matched controls delivered to cardiovascular cells in culture to assess EV-induced inflammation. Results We show a significant increase in Pyrin, NLRP1, caspase-1, and ASC in the brain cortex whereas caspase-8, ASC, and IL-1β were significantly elevated in the heart ventricles of AD mice when compared to controls. We did not find significant differences in the size or concentration of EV between groups, but there was a significant increase of caspase-1 and IL-1β in EV from AD mice compared to controls. In addition, conditioned media experiments of serum-derived EV from AD patients and age-matched controls delivered to cardiovascular cells in culture resulted in inflammasome activation, and significant increases in TNF-α and IL-2. Conclusion These results indicate that EV-mediated inflammasome signaling in the heart may play a role in the development of cardiovascular diseases in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Cyr
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Erika D. L. R. M. Cabrera Ranaldi
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Roey Hadad
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - W. Dalton Dietrich
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Robert W. Keane
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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5
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Gandasasmita N, Li J, Loane DJ, Semple BD. Experimental Models of Hospital-Acquired Infections After Traumatic Brain Injury: Challenges and Opportunities. J Neurotrauma 2024; 41:752-770. [PMID: 37885226 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2023.0453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients hospitalized after a moderate or severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) are at increased risk of nosocomial infections, including bacterial pneumonia and other upper respiratory tract infections. Infections represent a secondary immune challenge for vulnerable TBI patients that can lead to increased morbidity and poorer long-term prognosis. This review first describes the clinical significance of infections after TBI, delving into the known mechanisms by which a TBI can alter systemic immunological responses towards an immunosuppressive state, leading to promotion of increased vulnerability to infections. Pulmonary dysfunction resulting from respiratory tract infections is considered in the context of neurotrauma, including the bidirectional relationship between the brain and lungs. Turning to pre-clinical modeling, current laboratory approaches to study experimental TBI and lung infections are reviewed, to highlight findings from the limited key studies to date that have incorporated both insults. Then, practical decisions for the experimental design of animal studies of post-injury infections are discussed. Variables associated with the host animal, the infectious agent (e.g., species, strain, dose, and administration route), as well as the timing of the infection relative to the injury model are important considerations for model development. Together, the purpose of this review is to highlight the significant clinical need for increased pre-clinical research into the two-hit insult of a hospital-acquired infection after TBI to encourage further scientific enquiry in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jian Li
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David J Loane
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bridgette D Semple
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Prahran, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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6
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Chan WH, Huang SM, Chiu YL. Pulmonary Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice: A Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3018. [PMID: 38474264 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury occurs in 20-25% of cases following traumatic brain injury (TBI). We investigated changes in lung transcriptome expression post-TBI using animal models and bioinformatics. Employing unilateral controlled cortical impact for TBI, we conducted microarray analysis after lung acquisition, followed by gene set enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes. Our findings indicate significant upregulation of inflammation-related genes and downregulation of nervous system genes. There was enhanced infiltration of adaptive immune cells, evidenced by positive enrichment in Lung-Th1, CD4, and CD8 T cells. Analysis using the Tabula Sapiens database revealed enrichment in lung-adventitial cells, pericytes, myofibroblasts, and fibroblasts, indicating potential effects on lung vasculature and fibrosis. Gene set enrichment analysis linked TBI to lung diseases, notably idiopathic pulmonary hypertension. A Venn diagram overlap analysis identified a common set of 20 genes, with FOSL2 showing the most significant fold change. Additionally, we observed a significant increase in ADRA1A→IL6 production post-TBI using the L1000 library. Our study highlights the impact of brain trauma on lung injury, revealing crucial gene expression changes related to immune cell infiltration, cytokine production, and potential alterations in lung vasculature and fibrosis, along with a specific spectrum of disease influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hung Chan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 114201, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 114201, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ming Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 114201, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Chiu
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 114201, Taiwan
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7
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Ho JW, Dawood ZS, Taylor ME, Liggett MR, Jin G, Jaishankar D, Nadig SN, Bharat A, Alam HB. THE NEUROENDOTHELIAL AXIS IN TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY: MECHANISMS OF MULTIORGAN DYSFUNCTION, NOVEL THERAPIES, AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS. Shock 2024; 61:346-359. [PMID: 38517237 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) often initiates a systemic inflammatory response syndrome, which can potentially culminate into multiorgan dysfunction. A central player in this cascade is endotheliopathy, caused by perturbations in homeostatic mechanisms governed by endothelial cells due to injury-induced coagulopathy, heightened sympathoadrenal response, complement activation, and proinflammatory cytokine release. Unique to TBI is the potential disruption of the blood-brain barrier, which may expose neuronal antigens to the peripheral immune system and permit neuroinflammatory mediators to enter systemic circulation, propagating endotheliopathy systemically. This review aims to provide comprehensive insights into the "neuroendothelial axis" underlying endothelial dysfunction after TBI, identify potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, and explore therapeutic strategies targeting these interactions, with the ultimate goal of improving patient outcomes after severe TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie W Ho
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma Surgery and Critical Care, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Zaiba Shafik Dawood
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma Surgery and Critical Care, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Meredith E Taylor
- Department of Surgery, Division of Organ Transplant, and Comprehensive Transplant Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Chicago, Illinois
| | - Marjorie R Liggett
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma Surgery and Critical Care, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Guang Jin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma Surgery and Critical Care, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dinesh Jaishankar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Organ Transplant, and Comprehensive Transplant Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Chicago, Illinois
| | - Satish N Nadig
- Department of Surgery, Division of Organ Transplant, and Comprehensive Transplant Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ankit Bharat
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hasan B Alam
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma Surgery and Critical Care, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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8
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Lu W, Yan J, Wang C, Qin W, Han X, Qin Z, Wei Y, Xu H, Gao J, Gao C, Ye T, Tay FR, Niu L, Jiao K. Interorgan communication in neurogenic heterotopic ossification: the role of brain-derived extracellular vesicles. Bone Res 2024; 12:11. [PMID: 38383487 PMCID: PMC10881583 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00310-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived extracellular vesicles participate in interorgan communication after traumatic brain injury by transporting pathogens to initiate secondary injury. Inflammasome-related proteins encapsulated in brain-derived extracellular vesicles can cross the blood‒brain barrier to reach distal tissues. These proteins initiate inflammatory dysfunction, such as neurogenic heterotopic ossification. This recurrent condition is highly debilitating to patients because of its relatively unknown pathogenesis and the lack of effective prophylactic intervention strategies. Accordingly, a rat model of neurogenic heterotopic ossification induced by combined traumatic brain injury and achillotenotomy was developed to address these two issues. Histological examination of the injured tendon revealed the coexistence of ectopic calcification and fibroblast pyroptosis. The relationships among brain-derived extracellular vesicles, fibroblast pyroptosis and ectopic calcification were further investigated in vitro and in vivo. Intravenous injection of the pyroptosis inhibitor Ac-YVAD-cmk reversed the development of neurogenic heterotopic ossification in vivo. The present work highlights the role of brain-derived extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis of neurogenic heterotopic ossification and offers a potential strategy for preventing neurogenic heterotopic ossification after traumatic brain injury. Brain-derived extracellular vesicles (BEVs) are released after traumatic brain injury. These BEVs contain pathogens and participate in interorgan communication to initiate secondary injury in distal tissues. After achillotenotomy, the phagocytosis of BEVs by fibroblasts induces pyroptosis, which is a highly inflammatory form of lytic programmed cell death, in the injured tendon. Fibroblast pyroptosis leads to an increase in calcium and phosphorus concentrations and creates a microenvironment that promotes osteogenesis. Intravenous injection of the pyroptosis inhibitor Ac-YVAD-cmk suppressed fibroblast pyroptosis and effectively prevented the onset of heterotopic ossification after neuronal injury. The use of a pyroptosis inhibitor represents a potential strategy for the treatment of neurogenic heterotopic ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicheng Lu
- Department of Stomatology, Tangdu Hospital & State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianfei Yan
- Department of Stomatology, Tangdu Hospital & State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenpin Qin
- Department of Stomatology, Tangdu Hospital & State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Han
- Department of Stomatology, Tangdu Hospital & State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zixuan Qin
- Department of Stomatology, Tangdu Hospital & State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Wei
- Department of Stomatology, Tangdu Hospital & State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haoqing Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Tangdu Hospital & State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jialu Gao
- Department of Stomatology, Tangdu Hospital & State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Changhe Gao
- Department of Stomatology, Tangdu Hospital & State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Franklin R Tay
- The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Lina Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kai Jiao
- Department of Stomatology, Tangdu Hospital & State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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9
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Yang W, Xi C, Yao H, Yuan Q, Zhang J, Chen Q, Wu G, Hu J. Oral administration of lysozyme protects against injury of ileum via modulating gut microbiota dysbiosis after severe traumatic brain injury. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1304218. [PMID: 38352055 PMCID: PMC10861676 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1304218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The current study sought to clarify the role of lysozyme-regulated gut microbiota and explored the potential therapeutic effects of lysozyme on ileum injury induced by severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) and bacterial pneumonia in vivo and in vitro experiments. Methods Male 6-8-week-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into Normal group (N), Sham group (S), sTBI group (T), sTBI + or Lysozyme-treated group (L), Normal + Lysozyme group (NL) and Sham group + Lysozyme group (SL). At the day 7 after establishment of the model, mice were anesthetized and the samples were collected. The microbiota in lungs and fresh contents of the ileocecum were analyzed. Lungs and distal ileum were used to detect the degree of injury. The number of Paneth cells and the expression level of lysozyme were assessed. The bacterial translocation was determined. Intestinal organoids culture and co-coculture system was used to test whether lysozyme remodels the intestinal barrier through the gut microbiota. Results After oral administration of lysozyme, the intestinal microbiota is rebalanced, the composition of lung microbiota is restored, and translocation of intestinal bacteria is mitigated. Lysozyme administration reinstates lysozyme expression in Paneth cells, thereby reducing intestinal permeability, pathological score, apoptosis rate, and inflammation levels. The gut microbiota, including Oscillospira, Ruminococcus, Alistipes, Butyricicoccus, and Lactobacillus, play a crucial role in regulating and improving intestinal barrier damage and modulating Paneth cells in lysozyme-treated mice. A co-culture system comprising intestinal organoids and brain-derived proteins (BP), which demonstrated that the BP effectively downregulated the expression of lysozyme in intestinal organoids. However, supplementation of lysozyme to this co-culture system failed to restore its expression in intestinal organoids. Conclusion The present study unveiled a virtuous cycle whereby oral administration of lysozyme restores Paneth cell's function, mitigates intestinal injury and bacterial translocation through the remodeling of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijian Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Caihua Xi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurocritical Care, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haijun Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurocritical Care, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Qifang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurocritical Care, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
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10
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Han W, Zhang H, Feng L, Dang R, Wang J, Cui C, Jiang P. The emerging role of exosomes in communication between the periphery and the central nervous system. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e410. [PMID: 37916034 PMCID: PMC10616655 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, membrane-enclosed vesicles, are secreted by all types of cells. Exosomes can transport various molecules, including proteins, lipids, functional mRNAs, and microRNAs, and can be circulated to various recipient cells, leading to the production of local paracrine or distal systemic effects. Numerous studies have proved that exosomes can pass through the blood-brain barrier, thus, enabling the transfer of peripheral substances into the central nervous system (CNS). Consequently, exosomes may be a vital factor in the exchange of information between the periphery and CNS. This review will discuss the structure, biogenesis, and functional characterization of exosomes and summarize the role of peripheral exosomes deriving from tissues like the lung, gut, skeletal muscle, and various stem cell types in communicating with the CNS and influencing the brain's function. Then, we further discuss the potential therapeutic effects of exosomes in brain diseases and the clinical opportunities and challenges. Gaining a clearer insight into the communication between the CNS and the external areas of the body will help us to ascertain the role of the peripheral elements in the maintenance of brain health and illness and will facilitate the design of minimally invasive techniques for diagnosing and treating brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Han
- Translational Pharmaceutical LaboratoryJining First People's HospitalShandong First Medical UniversityJiningP. R. China
- Institute of Translational PharmacyJining Medical Research AcademyJiningP. R. China
| | - Hailiang Zhang
- Translational Pharmaceutical LaboratoryJining First People's HospitalShandong First Medical UniversityJiningP. R. China
- Institute of Translational PharmacyJining Medical Research AcademyJiningP. R. China
| | - Lei Feng
- Department of NeurosurgeryJining First People's HospitalShandong First Medical UniversityJiningP. R. China
| | - Ruili Dang
- Translational Pharmaceutical LaboratoryJining First People's HospitalShandong First Medical UniversityJiningP. R. China
- Institute of Translational PharmacyJining Medical Research AcademyJiningP. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Translational Pharmaceutical LaboratoryJining First People's HospitalShandong First Medical UniversityJiningP. R. China
- Institute of Translational PharmacyJining Medical Research AcademyJiningP. R. China
| | - Changmeng Cui
- Department of NeurosurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Jining Medical UniversityJiningP. R. China
| | - Pei Jiang
- Translational Pharmaceutical LaboratoryJining First People's HospitalShandong First Medical UniversityJiningP. R. China
- Institute of Translational PharmacyJining Medical Research AcademyJiningP. R. China
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11
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Keane RW, Hadad R, Scott XO, Cabrera Ranaldi EDLRM, Pérez-Bárcena J, de Rivero Vaccari JP. Neural-Cardiac Inflammasome Axis after Traumatic Brain Injury. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1382. [PMID: 37895853 PMCID: PMC10610322 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects not only the brain but also peripheral organs like the heart and the lungs, which influences long-term outcomes. A heightened systemic inflammatory response is often induced after TBI, but the underlying pathomechanisms that contribute to co-morbidities remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated whether extracellular vehicles (EVs) containing inflammasome proteins are released after severe controlled cortical impact (CCI) in C57BL/6 mice and cause activation of inflammasomes in the heart that result in tissue damage. The atrium of injured mice at 3 days after TBI showed a significant increase in the levels of the inflammasome proteins AIM2, ASC, caspases-1, -8 and -11, whereas IL-1β was increased in the ventricles. Additionally, the injured cortex showed a significant increase in IL-1β, ASC, caspases-1, -8 and -11 and pyrin at 3 days after injury when compared to the sham. Serum-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) from injured patients were characterized with nanoparticle tracking analysis and Ella Simple Plex and showed elevated levels of the inflammasome proteins caspase-1, ASC and IL-18. Mass spectrometry of serum-derived EVs from mice after TBI revealed a variety of complement- and cardiovascular-related signaling proteins. Moreover, adoptive transfer of serum-derived EVs from TBI patients resulted in inflammasome activation in cardiac cells in culture. Thus, TBI elicits inflammasome activation, primarily in the atrium, that is mediated, in part, by EVs that contain inflammasome- and complement-related signaling proteins that are released into serum and contribute to peripheral organ systemic inflammation, which increases inflammasome activation in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W. Keane
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (R.W.K.); (E.d.l.R.M.C.R.)
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Roey Hadad
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Xavier O. Scott
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Erika d. l. R. M. Cabrera Ranaldi
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (R.W.K.); (E.d.l.R.M.C.R.)
| | - Jon Pérez-Bárcena
- Intensive Care Department, Son Espases University Hospital, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (R.W.K.); (E.d.l.R.M.C.R.)
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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12
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Dong X, Dong JF, Zhang J. Roles and therapeutic potential of different extracellular vesicle subtypes on traumatic brain injury. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:211. [PMID: 37596642 PMCID: PMC10436659 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01165-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of injury-related disability and death around the world, but the clinical stratification, diagnosis, and treatment of complex TBI are limited. Due to their unique properties, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging candidates for being biomarkers of traumatic brain injury as well as serving as potential therapeutic targets. However, the effects of different extracellular vesicle subtypes on the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury are very different, or potentially even opposite. Before extracellular vesicles can be used as targets for TBI therapy, it is necessary to classify different extracellular vesicle subtypes according to their functions to clarify different strategies for EV-based TBI therapy. The purpose of this review is to discuss contradictory effects of different EV subtypes on TBI, and to propose treatment ideas based on different EV subtypes to maximize their benefits for the recovery of TBI patients. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119, Nansihuan West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jing-Fei Dong
- Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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13
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Johnson NH, Kerr NA, de Rivero Vaccari JP, Bramlett HM, Keane RW, Dietrich WD. Genetic predisposition to Alzheimer's disease alters inflammasome activity after traumatic brain injury. Transl Res 2023; 257:66-77. [PMID: 36758791 PMCID: PMC10192027 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability in the US and a recognized risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The relationship between these conditions is not completely understood, but the conditions may share additive or synergistic pathological hallmarks that may serve as novel therapeutic targets. Heightened inflammasome signaling plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of central nervous system injury (CNS) and the release of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) speck from neurons and activated microglia contribute significantly to TBI and AD pathology. This study investigated whether inflammasome signaling after TBI was augmented in AD and whether this signaling pathway impacted biochemical and neuropathological outcomes and overall cognitive function. Five-month-old, 3xTg mice and respective wild type controls were randomized and underwent moderate controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury or served as sham/uninjured controls. Animals were sacrificed at 1 hour, 1 day, or 1 week after TBI to assess acute pathology or at 12 weeks after assessing cognitive function. The ipsilateral cerebral cortex was processed for inflammasome protein expression by immunoblotting. Mice were evaluated for behavior by open field (3 days), novel object recognition (2 weeks), and Morris water maze (6 weeks) testing after TBI. There was a statistically significant increase in the expression of inflammasome signaling proteins Caspase-1, Caspase-8, ASC, and interleukin (IL)-1β after TBI in both wild type and 3xTg animals. At 1-day post injury, significant increases in ASC and IL-1β protein expression were measured in AD TBI mice compared to WT TBI. Behavioral testing showed that injured AD mice had altered cognitive function when compared to injured WT mice. Elevated Aβ was seen in the ipsilateral cortex and hippocampus of sham and injured AD when compared to respective groups at 12 weeks post injury. Moreover, treatment of injured AD mice with IC100, an anti-ASC monoclonal antibody, inhibited the inflammasome, as evidenced by IL-1β reduction in the injured cortex at 1-week post injury. These findings show that the inflammasome response is heightened in mice genetically predisposed to AD and suggests that AD may exacerbate TBI pathology. Thus, dampening inflammasome signaling may offer a novel approach for the treatment of AD and TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan H Johnson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Nadine A Kerr
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Juan P de Rivero Vaccari
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Helen M Bramlett
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Bruce W. Carter Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, Florida
| | - Robert W Keane
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - W Dalton Dietrich
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
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14
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Dai Y, Dong J, Wu Y, Zhu M, Xiong W, Li H, Zhao Y, Hammock BD, Zhu X. Enhancement of the liver's neuroprotective role ameliorates traumatic brain injury pathology. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2301360120. [PMID: 37339206 PMCID: PMC10293829 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2301360120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a pervasive problem worldwide for which no effective treatment is currently available. Although most studies have focused on the pathology of the injured brain, we have noted that the liver plays an important role in TBI. Using two mouse models of TBI, we found that the enzymatic activity of hepatic soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) was rapidly decreased and then returned to normal levels following TBI, whereas such changes were not observed in the kidney, heart, spleen, or lung. Interestingly, genetic downregulation of hepatic Ephx2 (which encodes sEH) ameliorates TBI-induced neurological deficits and promotes neurological function recovery, whereas overexpression of hepatic sEH exacerbates TBI-associated neurological impairments. Furthermore, hepatic sEH ablation was found to promote the generation of A2 phenotype astrocytes and facilitate the production of various neuroprotective factors associated with astrocytes following TBI. We also observed an inverted V-shaped alteration in the plasma levels of four EET (epoxyeicosatrienoic acid) isoforms (5,6-, 8,9-,11,12-, and 14,15-EET) following TBI which were negatively correlated with hepatic sEH activity. However, hepatic sEH manipulation bidirectionally regulates the plasma levels of 14,15-EET, which rapidly crosses the blood-brain barrier. Additionally, we found that the application of 14,15-EET mimicked the neuroprotective effect of hepatic sEH ablation, while 14,15-epoxyeicosa-5(Z)-enoic acid blocked this effect, indicating that the increased plasma levels of 14,15-EET mediated the neuroprotective effect observed after hepatic sEH ablation. These results highlight the neuroprotective role of the liver in TBI and suggest that targeting hepatic EET signaling could represent a promising therapeutic strategy for treating TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Dai
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510515, China
- Research Center for Brain Health, Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou510330, China
| | - Jinghua Dong
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510515, China
- Research Center for Brain Health, Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou510330, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Research Center for Brain Health, Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou510330, China
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, China
| | - Minzhen Zhu
- Research Center for Brain Health, Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou510330, China
| | - Wenchao Xiong
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510515, China
| | - Huanyu Li
- Research Center for Brain Health, Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou510330, China
| | - Yulu Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510515, China
- Research Center for Brain Health, Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou510330, China
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA95616
- University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA95616
| | - Xinhong Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510515, China
- Research Center for Brain Health, Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou510330, China
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, China
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510006, China
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15
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Franklin ME, Bennett C, Arboite M, Alvarez-Ciara A, Corrales N, Verdelus J, Dietrich WD, Keane RW, de Rivero Vaccari JP, Prasad A. Activation of inflammasomes and their effects on neuroinflammation at the microelectrode-tissue interface in intracortical implants. Biomaterials 2023; 297:122102. [PMID: 37015177 PMCID: PMC10614166 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Invasive neuroprosthetics rely on microelectrodes (MEs) to record or stimulate the activity of large neuron assemblies. However, MEs are subjected to tissue reactivity in the central nervous system (CNS) due to the foreign body response (FBR) that contribute to chronic neuroinflammation and ultimately result in ME failure. An endogenous, acute set of mechanisms responsible for the recognition and targeting of foreign objects, called the innate immune response, immediately follows the ME implant-induced trauma. Inflammasomes are multiprotein structures that play a critical role in the initiation of an innate immune response following CNS injuries. The activation of inflammasomes facilitates a range of innate immune response cascades and results in neuroinflammation and programmed cell death. Despite our current understanding of inflammasomes, their roles in the context of neural device implantation remain unknown. In this study, we implanted a non-functional Utah electrode array (UEA) into the rat somatosensory cortex and studied the inflammasome signaling and the corresponding downstream effects on inflammatory cytokine expression and the inflammasome-mediated cell death mechanism of pyroptosis. Our results not only demonstrate the continuous activation of inflammasomes and their contribution to neuroinflammation at the electrode-tissue interface but also reveal the therapeutic potential of targeting inflammasomes to attenuate the FBR in invasive neuroprosthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa E Franklin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Cassie Bennett
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Maelle Arboite
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Natalie Corrales
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jennifer Verdelus
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - W Dalton Dietrich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Robert W Keane
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Abhishek Prasad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
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16
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Kim JH, Lee Y, Kwon YS, Sohn JH. Clinical Implications of the Association between Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Disorders in Migraine and Non-Migraine Headache Patients. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12103434. [PMID: 37240541 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12103434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Headaches, particularly migraine, are associated with gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. In addition to the gut-brain axis, the lung-brain axis is suspected to be involved in the relationship between pulmonary microbes and brain disorders. Therefore, we investigated possible associations of migraine and non-migraine headaches (nMH) with respiratory and GI disorders using the clinical data warehouse over 11 years. We compared data regarding GI and respiratory disorders, including asthma, bronchitis, and COPD, among patients with migraine, patients with nMH, and controls. In total, 22,444 patients with migraine, 117,956 patients with nMH, and 289,785 controls were identified. After adjustment for covariates and propensity score matching, the odds ratios (ORs) for asthma (1.35), gastroesophageal reflux disorder (1.55), gastritis (1.90), functional GI disorder (1.35), and irritable bowel syndrome (1.76) were significantly higher in patients with migraine than in controls (p = 0.000). The ORs for asthma (1.16) and bronchitis (1.33) were also significantly higher in patients with nMH than in controls (p = 0.0002). When the migraine group was compared with the nMH group, only the OR for GI disorders was statistically significant. Our findings suggest that migraine and nMH are associated with increased risks of GI and respiratory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Ho Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24253, Republic of Korea
- Institute of New Frontier Research Team, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonkyeong Lee
- Institute of New Frontier Research Team, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Suk Kwon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24253, Republic of Korea
- Institute of New Frontier Research Team, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hee Sohn
- Institute of New Frontier Research Team, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24253, Republic of Korea
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17
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Li L, Li F, Bai X, Jia H, Wang C, Li P, Zhang Q, Guan S, Peng R, Zhang S, Dong JF, Zhang J, Xu X. Circulating extracellular vesicles from patients with traumatic brain injury induce cerebrovascular endothelial dysfunction. Pharmacol Res 2023; 192:106791. [PMID: 37156450 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is a key proponent of pathophysiological process of traumatic brain injury (TBI). We previously demonstrated that extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from injured brains led to endothelial barrier disruption and vascular leakage. However, the molecular mechanisms of this EV-induced endothelial dysfunction (endotheliopathy) remain unclear. Here, we enriched plasma EVs from TBI patients (TEVs), and detected high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) exposure to 50.33 ± 10.17% of TEVs and the number of HMGB1+TEVs correlated with injury severity. We then investigated for the first time the impact of TEVs on endothelial function using adoptive transfer models. We found that TEVs induced dysfunction of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells and mediated endothelial dysfunction in both normal and TBI mice, which were propagated through the HMGB1-activated receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE)/Cathepsin B signaling, and the resultant NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation and canonical caspase-1/gasdermin D (GSDMD)-dependent pyroptosis. Finally, von Willebrand factor (VWF) was detected on the surface of 77.01 ± 7.51% of HMGB1+TEVs. The TEV-mediated endotheliopathy was reversed by a polyclonal VWF antibody, indicating that VWF might serve a coupling factor that tethered TEVs to ECs, thus facilitating HMGB1-induced endotheliopathy. These results suggest that circulating EVs isolated from patients with TBI alone are sufficient to induce endothelial dysfunction and contribute to secondary brain injury that are dependent on immunologically active HMGB1 exposed on their surface. This finding provided new insight for the development of potential therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute; Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, China
| | - Fanjian Li
- Tianjin Neurological Institute; Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuesong Bai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, China; China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, China
| | - Haoran Jia
- Tianjin Neurological Institute; Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Tianjin Neurological Institute; Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Fengtai You'anmen Hospital, 199 You'anmen Outer Street, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoling Zhang
- Tianjin Neurological Institute; Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, China
| | - Siyu Guan
- Tianjin Neurological Institute; Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruilong Peng
- Tianjin Neurological Institute; Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Tianjin Neurological Institute; Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing-Fei Dong
- Bloodworks Research Institute and Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Tianjin Neurological Institute; Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, China; China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, China.
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18
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Zhou W, Zhao L, Mao Z, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Li M. Bidirectional Communication Between the Brain and Other Organs: The Role of Extracellular Vesicles. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s10571-023-01345-5. [PMID: 37067749 PMCID: PMC10106324 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01345-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
A number of substances released by the brain under physiological and pathological conditions exert effects on other organs. In turn, substances produced primarily by organs such as bone marrow, adipose tissue, or the heart may have an impact on the metabolism and function and metabolism of the healthy and diseased brain. Despite a mounting amount of evidence supports such bidirectional communication between the brain and other organs, research on the function of molecular mediators carried by extracellular vesicles (EVs) is in the early stages. In addition to being able to target or reach practically any organ, EVs have the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier to transport a range of substances (lipids, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acids) to recipient cells, exerting biological effects. Here, we review the function of EVs in bidirectional communication between the brain and other organs. In a small number of cases, the role has been explicitly proven; yet, in most cases, it relies on indirect evidence from EVs in cell culture or animal models. There is a dearth of research currently available on the function of EVs-carrying mediators in the bidirectional communication between the brain and bone marrow, adipose tissue, liver, heart, lungs, and gut. Therefore, more studies are needed to determine how EVs facilitate communication between the brain and other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lihong Zhao
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jilin Cancer Hospital, 1018 Huguang Street, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Zelu Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhixiong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Meihua Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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19
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Extracellular vesicles: Critical bilateral communicators in periphery-brain crosstalk in central nervous system disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114354. [PMID: 36753954 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence shows that there is a comorbid mechanism between the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral organs. The bilateral transmission of signal molecules in periphery-brain crosstalk plays an important role in the underlying mechanism, which result from complex networks of neurohumoral circuits. Secreted by almost all cells and considered innovative information transport systems, extracellular vesicles (EVs) encapsulate and deliver nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and various other bioactive regulators. Moreover, EVs can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), they are also identified primarily as essential communicators between the periphery and the CNS. In addition to transporting molecules under physiological or pathological conditions, EVs also show novel potential in targeted drug delivery. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms implicated in the transport of EVs in crosstalk between the peripheral and the central immune systems as well as in crosstalk between the peripheral organs and the brain in CNS disorders, especially in neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, and trauma. This work will help in elucidating the contributions of EVs to brain health and disorders, and promote the development of new strategies for minimally invasive treatment.
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20
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Inflammasome activation in traumatic brain injury and Alzheimer's disease. Transl Res 2023; 254:1-12. [PMID: 36070840 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) represent 2 of the largest sources of death and disability in the United States. Recent studies have identified TBI as a potential risk factor for AD development, and numerous reports have shown that TBI is linked with AD associated protein expression during the acute phase of injury, suggesting an interplay between the 2 pathologies. The inflammasome is a multi-protein complex that plays a role in both TBI and AD pathologies, and is characterized by inflammatory cytokine release and pyroptotic cell death. Products of inflammasome signaling pathways activate microglia and astrocytes, which attempt to resolve pathological inflammation caused by inflammatory cytokine release and phagocytosis of cellular debris. Although the initial phase of the inflammatory response in the nervous system is beneficial, recent evidence has emerged that the heightened inflammatory response after trauma is self-perpetuating and results in additional damage in the central nervous system. Inflammasome-induced cytokines and inflammasome signaling proteins released from activated microglia interact with AD associated proteins and exacerbate AD pathological progression and cellular damage. Additionally, multiple genetic mutations associated with AD development alter microglia inflammatory activity, increasing and perpetuating inflammatory cell damage. In this review, we discuss the pathologies of TBI and AD and how they are impacted by and potentially interact through inflammasome activity and signaling proteins. We discuss current clinical trials that target the inflammasome to reduce heightened inflammation associated with these disorders.
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21
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Huffman EE, Dong BE, Clarke HA, Young LEA, Gentry MS, Allison DB, Sun RC, Waters CM, Alilain WJ. Cervical spinal cord injury leads to injury and altered metabolism in the lungs. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad091. [PMID: 37065091 PMCID: PMC10090796 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
High-cervical spinal cord injury often disrupts respiratory motor pathways and disables breathing in the affected population. Moreover, cervically injured individuals are at risk for developing acute lung injury, which predicts substantial mortality rates. While the correlation between acute lung injury and spinal cord injury has been found in the clinical setting, the field lacks an animal model to interrogate the fundamental biology of this relationship. To begin to address this gap in knowledge, we performed an experimental cervical spinal cord injury (N = 18) alongside sham injury (N = 3) and naïve animals (N = 15) to assess lung injury in adult rats. We demonstrate that animals display some early signs of lung injury two weeks post-spinal cord injury. While no obvious histological signs of injury were observed, the spinal cord injured cohort displayed significant signs of metabolic dysregulation in multiple pathways that include amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and N-linked glycosylation. Collectively, we establish for the first time a model of lung injury after spinal cord injury at an acute time point that can be used to monitor the progression of lung damage, as well as identify potential targets to ameliorate acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Huffman
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Brittany E Dong
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Harrison A Clarke
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Lyndsay E A Young
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Matthew S Gentry
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Derek B Allison
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Ramon C Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Christopher M Waters
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Warren J Alilain
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
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22
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Seim RF, Willis ML, Wallet SM, Maile R, Coleman LG. EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES AS REGULATORS OF IMMUNE FUNCTION IN TRAUMATIC INJURIES AND SEPSIS. Shock 2023; 59:180-189. [PMID: 36516458 PMCID: PMC9940835 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Despite advancements in critical care and resuscitation, traumatic injuries are one of the leading causes of death around the world and can bring about long-term disabilities in survivors. One of the primary causes of death for trauma patients are secondary phase complications that can develop weeks or months after the initial insult. These secondary complications typically occur because of systemic immune dysfunction that develops in response to injury, which can lead to immunosuppression, coagulopathy, multiple organ failure, unregulated inflammation, and potentially sepsis in patients. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified as mediators of these processes because their levels are increased in circulation after traumatic injury and they encapsulate cargo that can aggravate these secondary complications. In this review, we will discuss the role of EVs in the posttrauma pathologies that arise after burn injuries, trauma to the central nervous system, and infection. In addition, we will examine the use of EVs as biomarkers for predicting late-stage trauma outcomes and as therapeutics for reversing the pathological processes that develop after trauma. Overall, EVs have emerged as critical mediators of trauma-associated pathology and their use as a therapeutic agent represents an exciting new field of biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland F. Seim
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Surgery, North Carolina Jaycee Burn Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Micah L. Willis
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Surgery, North Carolina Jaycee Burn Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Shannon M. Wallet
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Robert Maile
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Leon G. Coleman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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23
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Liu X, Zhang L, Cao Y, Jia H, Li X, Li F, Zhang S, Zhang J. Neuroinflammation of traumatic brain injury: Roles of extracellular vesicles. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1088827. [PMID: 36741357 PMCID: PMC9889855 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1088827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of neurological disorder or death, with a heavy burden on individuals and families. While sustained primary insult leads to damage, subsequent secondary events are considered key pathophysiological characteristics post-TBI, and the inflammatory response is a prominent contributor to the secondary cascade. Neuroinflammation is a multifaceted physiological response and exerts both positive and negative effects on TBI. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as messengers for intercellular communication, are involved in biological and pathological processes in central nervous system (CNS) diseases and injuries. The number and characteristics of EVs and their cargo in the CNS and peripheral circulation undergo tremendous changes in response to TBI, and these EVs regulate neuroinflammatory reactions by activating prominent receptors on receptor cells or delivering pro- or anti-inflammatory cargo to receptor cells. The purpose of this review is to discuss the possible neuroinflammatory mechanisms of EVs and loading in the context of TBI. Furthermore, we summarize the potential role of diverse types of cell-derived EVs in inflammation following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilei Liu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiyao Cao
- Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Haoran Jia
- Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaotian Li
- Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Fanjian Li
- Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Jianning Zhang, ; Shu Zhang,
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Jianning Zhang, ; Shu Zhang,
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24
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de Rivero Vaccari JP, Mim C, Hadad R, Cyr B, Stefansdottir TA, Keane RW. Mechanism of action of IC 100, a humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody targeting apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC). Transl Res 2023; 251:27-40. [PMID: 35793783 PMCID: PMC10615563 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes of the innate immune response that recognize a diverse range of intracellular sensors of infection or cell damage and recruit the adaptor protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) into an inflammasome signaling complex. The recruitment, polymerization and cross-linking of ASC is upstream of caspase-1 activation and interleukin-1β release. Here we provide evidence that IC 100, a humanized IgG4κ monoclonal antibody against ASC, is internalized into the cell and localizes with endosomes, while another part is recycled and redistributed out of the cell. IC 100 binds intracellular ASC and blocks interleukin-1β release in a human whole blood cell inflammasome assay. In vitro studies demonstrate that IC 100 interferes with ASC polymerization and assembly of ASC specks. In vivo bioluminescence imaging showed that IC 100 has broad tissue distribution, crosses the blood brain barrier, and readily penetrates the brain and spinal cord parenchyma. Confocal microscopy of fluorescent-labeled IC 100 revealed that IC 100 is rapidly taken up by macrophages via a mechanism utilizing the Fc region of IC 100. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments and confocal immunohistochemistry showed that IC 100 binds to ASC and to the atypical antibody receptor Tripartite motif-containing protein-21 (TRIM21). In A549 WT and TRIM21 KO cells treated with either IC 100 or IgG4κ isotype control, the levels of intracellular IC 100 were higher than in the IgG4κ-treated controls at 2 hours, 1 day and 3 days after administration, indicating that IC 100 escapes degradation by the proteasome. Lastly, electron microscopy studies demonstrate that IC 100 binds to ASC filaments and alters the architecture of ASC filaments. Thus, IC 100 readily penetrates a variety of cell types, and it binds to intracellular ASC, but it is not degraded by the TRIM21 antibody-dependent intracellular neutralization pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Carsten Mim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Kungliga Tekniska Högscholan (Royal Institute of Technology), Sweden
| | - Roey Hadad
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Brianna Cyr
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Thorunn Anna Stefansdottir
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Kungliga Tekniska Högscholan (Royal Institute of Technology), Sweden
| | - Robert W Keane
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL.
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25
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Kattan D, Barsa C, Mekhijian S, Shakkour Z, Jammoul M, Doumit M, Zabala MCP, Darwiche N, Eid AH, Mechref Y, Wang KK, de Rivero Vaccari JP, Munoz Pareja JC, Kobeissy F. Inflammasomes as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in traumatic brain injury and related-neurodegenerative diseases: A comprehensive overview. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 144:104969. [PMID: 36423707 PMCID: PMC9805531 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Given the ambiguity surrounding traumatic brain injury (TBI) pathophysiology and the lack of any Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved neurotherapeutic drugs, there is an increasing need to better understand the mechanisms of TBI. Recently, the roles of inflammasomes have been highlighted as both potential therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers in different neurodegenerative disorders. Indeed, inflammasome activation plays a pivotal function in the central nervous system (CNS) response to many neurological conditions, as well as to several neurodegenerative disorders, specifically, TBI. This comprehensive review summarizes and critically discusses the mechanisms that govern the activation and assembly of inflammasome complexes and the major methods used to study inflammasome activation in TBI and its implication for other neurodegenerative disorders. Also, we will review how inflammasome activation is critical in CNS homeostasis and pathogenesis, and how it can impact chronic TBI sequalae and increase the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, we discuss the recent updates on inflammasome-related biomarkers and the potential to utilize inflammasomes as putative therapeutic targets that hold the potential to better diagnose and treat subjects with TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania Kattan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Chloe Barsa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sarin Mekhijian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Zaynab Shakkour
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Program for Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, USA
| | - Maya Jammoul
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mark Doumit
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maria Camila Pareja Zabala
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nadine Darwiche
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Kevin K Wang
- Morehouse School of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery and the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Jennifer C Munoz Pareja
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Morehouse School of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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26
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Vontell RT, de Rivero Vaccari JP, Sun X, Gultekin SH, Bramlett HM, Dietrich WD, Keane RW. Identification of inflammasome signaling proteins in neurons and microglia in early and intermediate stages of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Pathol 2022:e13142. [PMID: 36579934 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that destroys memory and cognitive function. Inflammasome activation has been suggested to play a critical role in the neuroinflammatory response in AD progression, but the cell-type expression of inflammasome proteins in the brain has not been fully characterized. In this study, we used samples from the hippocampus formation, the subiculum, and the entorhinal cortex brain from 17 donors with low-level AD pathology and 17 intermediate AD donors to assess the expression of inflammasome proteins. We performed analysis of hippocampal thickness, β-amyloid plaques, and hyperphosphorylated tau to ascertain the cellular pathological changes that occur between low and intermediate AD pathology. Next, we determined changes in the cells that express the inflammasome sensor proteins NOD-like receptor proteins (NLRP) 1 and 3, and caspase-1. In addition, we stained section with IC100, a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the inflammasome adaptor protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), and a commercially available anti-ASC antibody. Our results indicate that hippocampal cortical thickness did not significantly change between low and intermediate AD pathology, but there was an increase in pTau and β-amyloid clusters in intermediate AD cases. NLRP3 was identified mainly in microglial populations, whereas NLRP1 was seen in neuronal cytoplasmic regions. There was a significant increase of ASC in neurons labeled by IC100, whereas microglia in the hippocampus and subiculum were labeled with the commercial anti-ASC antibody. Caspase-1 was present in the parenchyma in the CA regions where amyloid and pTau were identified. Together, our results indicate increased inflammasome protein expression in the early pathological stages of AD, that IC100 identifies neurons in early stages of AD and that ASC expression correlates with Aβ and pTau in postmortem AD brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina T Vontell
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Brain Endowment Bank, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Brain Endowment Bank, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Sakir Humayun Gultekin
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Brain Endowment Bank, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Helen M Bramlett
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Bruce W. Carter Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - W Dalton Dietrich
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Robert W Keane
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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27
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Kerr NA, Sanchez J, O'Connor G, Watson BD, Daunert S, Bramlett HM, Dietrich WD. Inflammasome-Regulated Pyroptotic Cell Death in Disruption of the Gut-Brain Axis After Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2022; 13:898-912. [PMID: 35306629 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 50% of stroke survivors experience gastrointestinal complications. The innate immune response plays a role in changes to the gut-brain axis after stroke. The purpose of this study is to examine the importance of inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis in disruption of the gut-brain axis after experimental stroke. B6129 mice were subjected to a closed-head photothrombotic stroke. We examined the time course of inflammasome protein expression in brain and intestinal lysate using western blot analysis at 1-, 3-, and 7-days post-injury for caspase-1, interleukin-1β, nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), and apoptosis speck-like protein containing a caspase-recruiting domain (ASC) and gasdermin-D (GSDMD) cleavage. In a separate group of mice, we processed brain tissue 24 and 72 h after thrombotic stroke for immunohistochemical analysis of neuronal and endothelial cell pyroptosis. We examined intestinal tissue for morphological changes and pyroptosis of macrophages. We performed behavioral tests and assessed gut permeability changes to confirm functional changes after stroke. Our data show that thrombotic stroke induces inflammasome activation in the brain and intestinal tissue up to 7-day post-injury as well as pyroptosis of neurons, cerebral endothelial cells, and intestinal macrophages. We found that thrombotic stroke leads to neurocognitive and motor function deficits as well as increased gut permeability. Finally, the adoptive transfer of serum-derived EVs from stroke mice into naive induced inflammasome activation in intestinal tissues. Taken together, these results provide novel information regarding possible mechanisms underlying gut complications after stroke and the identification of new therapeutic targets for reducing the widespread consequences of ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine A Kerr
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Juliana Sanchez
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Gregory O'Connor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Brant D Watson
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sylvia Daunert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Helen M Bramlett
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Bruce W. Carter Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - W Dalton Dietrich
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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28
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Bigford GE, Garshick E. Systemic inflammation after spinal cord injury: A review of biological evidence, related health risks, and potential therapies. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2022; 67:102303. [PMID: 36206621 PMCID: PMC9929918 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2022.102303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with chronic traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) develop progressive multi-system health problems that result in clinical illness and disability. Systemic inflammation is associated with many of the common medical complications and acquired diseases that accompany chronic SCI, suggesting that it contributes to a number of comorbid pathological conditions. However, many of the mechanisms that promote persistent systemic inflammation and its consequences remain ill-defined. This review describes the significant biological factors that contribute to systemic inflammation, major organ systems affected, health risks, and the potential treatment strategies. We aim to highlight the need for a better understanding of inflammatory processes, and to establish appropriate strategies to address inflammation in SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory E Bigford
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Eric Garshick
- Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep, and Critical Care Medicine Section, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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29
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Association between Traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Acute Respiratory Failure in Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Patients. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11143995. [PMID: 35887760 PMCID: PMC9318973 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11143995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory failure (ARF) with a high incidence among moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (M-STBI) patients plays a pivotal role in worsening neurological outcomes. Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (tSAH) is highly prevalent in M-STBI, which is associated with significant adverse outcomes. In this retrospective cohort study, we aimed to explore the association between the severity of the tSAH and ARF in the M-STBI population. A total of 771 subjects were reviewed. Clinical and neuroimaging data of M-STBI patients were retrospectively collected, and ARF was ascertained retrospectively based on their electronic medical record. The degree of tSAH was classified according to Fisher’s criteria, and the grade of tSAH was dichotomized to a low Fisher grade (Fisher grade 1–2) and a high Fisher grade (Fisher grade 3–4). After exclusion procedures, the data of 695 M-STBI patients were analyzed. A total of 284 (30.8%) had a high Fisher grade on admission. The overall rate of ARF within 48 h upon admission was 34.4% (239/695); it was 29.5% (142/481) and 46.3% (99/214) for the low and high Fisher groups, respectively. In a full cohort, a high Fisher grade was associated with ARF after adjusting for age, gender, GCS, smoking history, comorbidities, multiple injuries, characteristics of TBI, and pulmonary factors (OR 1.78; 95% CI, 1.11–2.85, p = 0.016). This result remained robust in the comparisons after PSM (71/132, 42.8% vs. 53/132, 31.9%; OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.02–2.49, p = 0.042). A high Fisher SAH grade exposure on admission is associated with ARF in M-STBI patients.
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Siwicka-Gieroba D, Terpilowska S, Robba C, Barud M, Kubik-Komar A, Dabrowski W. The Connection Between Selected Caspases Levels in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid and Severity After Brain Injury. Front Neurol 2022; 13:796238. [PMID: 35665033 PMCID: PMC9161272 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.796238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The interaction between the brain and lungs has been the subject of many clinical reports, while the exact impact of brain injury on the physiology of the respiratory system is still subject to numerous experimental studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the activation of selected caspases levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (mini BALF) of patients after isolated brain injury and their correlation with the severity of the injury. Methods The analysis was performed on patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for severe isolated brain injury from March 2018 to April 2020. All patients were intubated and mechanically ventilated. Mini BALF was collected within the first 6–8 h after trauma and on days 3 and 7 after admission. The concentrations of selected caspases were determined and correlated with the severity of brain injury evaluated by the Rotterdam CT Score, Glasgow Coma Score, and 28-day mortality. Results Our results showed significantly elevated levels of selected caspases on days 3 and 7 after brain injury, and revealed apoptosis activation during the first 7 days after brain trauma. We found a significant different correlation between the elevation of selected caspases 3, 6, 8, and 9, and the Glasgow Coma Score, Rotterdam CT scale, and 28-day mortality. Conclusions The increased levels of selected caspases in the mini BALF in our patients indicate an intensified activation of apoptosis in the lungs, which is related to brain injury itself via various apoptotic pathways and correlates with the severity of brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Siwicka-Gieroba
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- *Correspondence: Dorota Siwicka-Gieroba
| | | | - Chiara Robba
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Policlinico San Martino, Deputy of the Neurointensive Care Section of European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, Genova, Italy
| | - Małgorzata Barud
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kubik-Komar
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Dabrowski
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Lim SH, Jung H, Youn DH, Kim TY, Han SW, Kim BJ, Lee JJ, Jeon JP. Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Subsequent Acute Pulmonary Inflammatory Response. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2022; 65:680-687. [PMID: 35574585 PMCID: PMC9452391 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2021.0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The influence of moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) on acute pulmonary injury is well established, but the association between acute pulmonary injury and mild TBI has not been well studied. Here, we evaluated the histological changes and fluctuations in inflammatory markers in the lungs to determine whether an acute pulmonary inflammatory response occurred after mild TBI.
Methods Mouse models of mild TBI (n=24) were induced via open-head injuries using a stereotaxic impactor. The brain and lungs were examined 6, 24, and 72 hours after injury and compared to sham-operated controls (n=24). Fluoro-Jade B staining and Astra blue and hematoxylin staining were performed to assess cerebral neuronal degeneration and pulmonary histological architecture. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis was done to measure inflammatory cytokines.
Results Increased neuronal degeneration and the mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-10, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β were observed after mild TBI. The IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-β levels in mice with mild TBI were significantly different compared to those of sham-operated mice 24 hours after injury, and this was more pronounced at 72 hours. Mild TBI induced acute pulmonary interstitial edema with cell infiltration and alveolar morphological changes. In particular, a significant infiltration of mast cells was observed. Among the inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α was significantly increased in the lungs at 6 hours, but there was no significant difference 24 and 72 hours after injury.
Conclusion Mild TBI induced acute pulmonary interstitial inflammation and alveolar structural changes, which are likely to worsen the patient’s prognosis.
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Yang A, Liu B, Inoue T. Role of autonomic system imbalance in neurogenic pulmonary oedema. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 55:1645-1657. [PMID: 35277906 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Neurogenic pulmonary oedema (NPE) is a life-threatening complication that develops rapidly and dramatically after an injury to the central nervous system (CNS). The autonomic system imbalance produced by severe brain damage may play an important role in the development of NPE. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system and inhibition of the vagus nerve system are essential prerequisites for autonomic system imbalance. The more severe the damage, the more pronounced the phenomenon. Sympathetic hyperactivity is associated with increased release of catecholamines from peripheral sympathetic nerve endings, which can cause dramatic changes in haemodynamics and cause pulmonary oedema. On the other hand, the abnormal inflammatory response caused by vagus nerve inhibition may also play an important role in the pathogenesis of NPE. The perspective of autonomic system imbalance seems to perfectly integrate the existing pathogenesis of NPE and can explain the entire development progression of NPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aobing Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Physiology of Visceral Function and Body Fluid, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Tsuyoshi Inoue
- Department of Physiology of Visceral Function and Body Fluid, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Liu J, Fan G, Tao N, Sun T. Role of Pyroptosis in Respiratory Diseases and its Therapeutic Potential. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:2033-2050. [PMID: 35370413 PMCID: PMC8974246 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s352563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is an inflammatory type of regulated cell death that is dependent on inflammasome activation and downstream proteases such as caspase-1 or caspase 4/5/11. The main executors are gasdermins, which have an inherent pore-forming function on the membrane and release inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18 and high mobility group box 1. Emerging evidence demonstrates that pyroptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of various pulmonary diseases. In this review, we mainly discuss the biological mechanisms of pyroptosis, explore the relationship between pyroptosis and respiratory diseases, and discuss emerging therapeutic strategies for respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoqing Fan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ningning Tao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tieying Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Tieying Sun, Department of Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Beijing Hospital, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 15153169108, Email
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Cyr B, Hadad R, Keane RW, de Rivero Vaccari JP. The Role of Non-canonical and Canonical Inflammasomes in Inflammaging. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:774014. [PMID: 35221912 PMCID: PMC8864077 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.774014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases currently affect millions of people worldwide and continues to increase in the expanding elderly population. Neurodegenerative diseases usually involve cognitive decline and are among the top causes of death. Thus, there is a critical need for the development of treatments and preventive strategies for neurodegenerative diseases. One of the risk factors of neurodegeneration is inflammaging, a low level of chronic inflammation due to old age. We have previously shown that the inflammasome contributes to inflammaging in the central nervous system (CNS). The inflammasome is a multiprotein complex of the innate immune response consisting of a sensor protein, apoptosis speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), and caspase-1. Our lab has developed a humanized monoclonal antibody against ASC (anti-ASC). Here, we analyzed cortical lysates from young (3 months old), aged (18 months old), and aged anti-ASC treated mice for the expression of canonical and non-canonical inflammasome proteins. We show that the protein levels of NLRP1, ASC, caspase-1, and caspase-8 were elevated in the cortex of aged mice, and that anti-ASC decreased the expression of these proteins, consistent with lower levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β. Additionally, we show that these proteins form a novel NLRP1-caspase-8 non-canonical inflammasome comprised of NLRP1, caspase-8 and ASC. Moreover, these inflammasome proteins were present in neurons in young and aged mice. Together, these results indicate that a novel NLRP1-caspase-8 non-canonical inflammasome is present in the cortex of mice and that anti-ASC is a potential therapeutic to decrease inflammasome-mediated inflammaging in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Cyr
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Roey Hadad
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Robert W. Keane
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari,
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Molecular hydrogen alleviates lung injury after traumatic brain injury: Pyroptosis and apoptosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 914:174664. [PMID: 34883075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) is a critical condition, and inflammation and apoptosis play essential roles. Molecular hydrogen (H2) exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. Our previous work has shown that 42% H2 can improve TBI. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that inhalation of hydrogen (42% H2, 21% O2, balanced nitrogen) for 1 h per day can improve TBI-induced ALI. METHODS Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. Except for the sham group (group S), rats were subjected to a fluid percussion injury (FPI) and the H2 treatment group were given inhaled hydrogen for 1 h per day. We evaluated the lung function, pyroptosis and apoptosis at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. RESULTS Compared with group S, the rats in the TBI group (group T) showed obvious pulmonary edema after a TBI. Inhalation of high-concentration hydrogen significantly improved the rats. During this process, rats had some tendency to heal on their own, and H2 also accelerated the self-healing process. Lung injury scores, oxygenation index and pulmonary edema were consistent. Compared with group S, the pyroptosis-related proteins Caspase-1, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC) and Gasdermin-D (GSDM-D) in the lung tissues of the rats in group T were significantly increased after a TBI. In the H2 treatment group (group H), these proteins were significantly decreased. The levels of IL-1β and IL-18 were significantly increased after TBI while in group H were significantly decreased. At the same time, cleaved caspase-3 and BCL-2/Bax were also changed after H2 treatment. These demonstrates the powerful ameliorating effect of H2 on pyroptosis, apoptosis and systemic inflammation. However, rats also had tendency to heal on their own, and H2 also accelerated the self-healing process at the same time. CONCLUSIONS H2 improves TBI-ALI, and the mechanism may be due to the decrease of both pyroptosis and apoptosis and the alleviation of inflammation. These findings provide a reference and evidence for the use of H2 in TBI-ALI patients in the intensive care unit (ICU).
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Chavez L, Meguro J, Chen S, de Paiva VN, Zambrano R, Eterno JM, Kumar R, Duncan MR, Benny M, Young KC, Dietrich WD, Brambilla R, Wu S, Schmidt AF. Circulating extracellular vesicles activate the pyroptosis pathway in the brain following ventilation-induced lung injury. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:310. [PMID: 34965880 PMCID: PMC8717639 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02364-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanical ventilation of preterm newborns causes lung injury and is associated with poor neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, the mechanistic links between ventilation-induced lung injury (VILI) and brain injury is not well defined. Since circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) are known to link distant organs by transferring their cargos, we hypothesized that EVs mediate inflammatory brain injury associated with VILI. METHODS Neonatal rats were mechanically ventilated with low (10 mL/kg) or high (25 mL/kg) tidal volume for 1 h on post-natal day 7 followed by recovery for 2 weeks. Exosomes were isolated from the plasma of these rats and adoptively transferred into normal newborn rats. We assessed the effect of mechanical ventilation or exosome transfer on brain inflammation and activation of the pyroptosis pathway by western blot and histology. RESULTS Injurious mechanical ventilation induced similar markers of inflammation and pyroptosis, such as increased IL-1β and activated caspase-1/gasdermin D (GSDMD) in both lung and brain, in addition to inducing microglial activation and cell death in the brain. Isolated EVs were enriched for the exosomal markers CD9 and CD81, suggesting enrichment for exosomes. EVs isolated from neonatal rats with VILI had increased caspase-1 but not GSDMD. Adoptive transfer of these EVs led to neuroinflammation with microglial activation and activation of caspase-1 and GSDMD in the brain similar to that observed in neonatal rats that were mechanically ventilated. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that circulating EVs can contribute to the brain injury and poor neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants with VILI through activation of GSDMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Chavez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1611 NW 12th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Julia Meguro
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1611 NW 12th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Shaoyi Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1611 NW 12th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Vanessa Nunes de Paiva
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1611 NW 12th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Ronald Zambrano
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1611 NW 12th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Julia M Eterno
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1611 NW 12th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1611 NW 12th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Matthew R Duncan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1611 NW 12th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Merline Benny
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1611 NW 12th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Karen C Young
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1611 NW 12th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - W Dalton Dietrich
- The Miami Project To Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Roberta Brambilla
- The Miami Project To Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Shu Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1611 NW 12th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Augusto F Schmidt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1611 NW 12th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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Cama VF, Marín-Prida J, Acosta-Rivero N, Acosta EF, Díaz LO, Casadesús AV, Fernández-Marrero B, Gilva-Rodríguez N, Cremata-García D, Cervantes-Llanos M, Piniella-Matamoros B, Sánchez D, Del Rosario-Cruz L, Borrajero I, Díaz A, González Y, Pentón-Arias E, Montero-González T, Guillen-Nieto G, Pentón-Rol G. The microglial NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in human SARS-CoV-2 cerebral pathogenicity: A report of three post-mortem cases. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 361:577728. [PMID: 34619427 PMCID: PMC8480138 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We herein report, by using confocal immunofluorescence, the colocalization of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid within neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia in three deceased COVID-19 cases, of between 78 and 85 years of age at death. The viral nucleocapsid was detected together with its ACE2 cell entry receptor, as well as the NLRP3 inflammasome in cerebral cortical tissues. It is noteworthy that NLRP3 was colocalized with CD68 + macrophages in the brain and lung of the deceased, suggesting the critical role of this type of inflammasome in SARS-CoV-2 lesions of the nervous system/lungs and supporting its potential role as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Falcón Cama
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave. 31 e/158 y 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, Havana, Cuba; Latin American School of Medicine, Carretera Panamericana Km 3 1/2, Playa, Havana, 11600, Cuba..
| | - Javier Marín-Prida
- Center for Research and Biological Evaluations, Institute of Pharmacy and Food, University of Havana, Ave. 23 e/214 y 222, La Lisa, PO Box: 430, Havana, Cuba.
| | - Nelson Acosta-Rivero
- Center of Protein Research, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba.
| | - Emilio F Acosta
- Center for Advanced Studies of Cuba, Havana, Cuba; Latin American School of Medicine, Carretera Panamericana Km 3 1/2, Playa, Havana, 11600, Cuba..
| | - Leonardo Oramas Díaz
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave. 31 e/158 y 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, Havana, Cuba.
| | - Ana V Casadesús
- Direction of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba.
| | | | - Nathalie Gilva-Rodríguez
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave. 31 e/158 y 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, Havana, Cuba.
| | - Daina Cremata-García
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave. 31 e/158 y 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, Havana, Cuba.
| | - Majel Cervantes-Llanos
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave. 31 e/158 y 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, Havana, Cuba.
| | - Beatriz Piniella-Matamoros
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave. 31 e/158 y 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, Havana, Cuba.
| | | | - Leticia Del Rosario-Cruz
- Hospital Militar Central "Dr. Luis Díaz Soto", Avenida Monumental km 2, Habana delEste, Havana, Cuba.
| | - Israel Borrajero
- Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico "Hermanos Ameijeiras", Havana, Cuba.
| | | | | | - Eduardo Pentón-Arias
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave. 31 e/158 y 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, Havana, Cuba; Latin American School of Medicine, Carretera Panamericana Km 3 1/2, Playa, Havana, 11600, Cuba..
| | - Teresita Montero-González
- Hospital Militar Central "Dr. Luis Díaz Soto", Avenida Monumental km 2, Habana delEste, Havana, Cuba.
| | - Gerardo Guillen-Nieto
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave. 31 e/158 y 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, Havana, Cuba; Latin American School of Medicine, Carretera Panamericana Km 3 1/2, Playa, Havana, 11600, Cuba..
| | - Giselle Pentón-Rol
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave. 31 e/158 y 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, Havana, Cuba; Latin American School of Medicine, Carretera Panamericana Km 3 1/2, Playa, Havana, 11600, Cuba..
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Acevedo-Aguilar L, Gaitán-Herrera G, Reina-Rivero R, Lozada-Martínez ID, Bohorquez-Caballero A, Paéz-Escallón N, Del Pilar Zambrano-Arenas MD, Ortega-Sierra MG, Moscote-Salazar LR, Janjua T. Pulmonary injury as a predictor of cerebral hypoxia in traumatic brain injury: from physiology to physiopathology. J Neurosurg Sci 2021; 66:251-257. [PMID: 34763389 DOI: 10.23736/s0390-5616.21.05468-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury is caused by mechanical forces impacting the skull and its internal structures and constitutes one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. Clinically, severe traumatic brain injury is associated with the development of acute lung injury and so far, few studies have evaluated the cellular, molecular and immunological mechanisms involved in this pathophysiological process. Knowing and investigating these mechanisms allows us to correlate pulmonary injury as a predictor of cerebral hypoxia in traumatic brain injury and to use this finding in decision making during clinical practice. This review aims to provide evidence on the importance of the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury-acute lung injury, and thus confirm its role as a predictor of cerebral hypoxia, helping to establish an appropriate therapeutic strategy to improve functional outcomes and reduce mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Acevedo-Aguilar
- Medical and Surgical Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Gustavo Gaitán-Herrera
- Medical and Surgical Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Randy Reina-Rivero
- Medical and Surgical Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Ivan D Lozada-Martínez
- Medical and Surgical Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia - .,Colombian Clinical Research Group in Neurocritical Care, School of Medicine, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia.,Latin American Council of Neurocritical Care, Cartagena, Colombia.,Future Surgeons Chapter, Colombian Surgery Association, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Michael G Ortega-Sierra
- Medical and Surgical Research Center, School of Medicine, Corporación Universitaria Rafael Nuñez, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Luis R Moscote-Salazar
- Medical and Surgical Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia.,Colombian Clinical Research Group in Neurocritical Care, School of Medicine, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia.,Latin American Council of Neurocritical Care, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Tariq Janjua
- Intensive Care, Regions Hospital, Saint Paul, MN, USA
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Zhang CN, Li FJ, Zhao ZL, Zhang JN. The role of extracellular vesicles in traumatic brain injury-induced acute lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L885-L891. [PMID: 34549593 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00023.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI), a common complication after traumatic brain injury (TBI), can evolve into acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and has a mortality rate of 30%-40%. Secondary ALI after TBI exhibits the following typical pathological features: infiltration of neutrophils into the alveolar and interstitial space, alveolar septal thickening, alveolar edema, and hemorrhage. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) were recently identified as key mediators in TBI-induced ALI. Due to their small size and lipid bilayer, they can pass through the disrupted blood-brain barrier (BBB) into the peripheral circulation and deliver their contents, such as genetic material and proteins, to target cells through processes such as fusion, receptor-mediated interactions, and uptake. Acting as messengers, EVs contribute to mediating brain-lung cross talk after TBI. In this review, we aim to summarize the mechanism of EVs in TBI-induced ALI, which may provide new ideas for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Institute of Neurology, grid.412645.0Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Fan-Jian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Institute of Neurology, grid.412645.0Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zi-Long Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Institute of Neurology, grid.412645.0Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian-Ning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Institute of Neurology, grid.412645.0Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Zhu Y, Chen Z, You W, Wang Y, Tu M, Zheng P, Wen L, Yang X. A Retrospective Clinical Analysis of the Serum Bile Acid Alteration Caused by Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Neurol 2021; 12:624378. [PMID: 34512494 PMCID: PMC8424180 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.624378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can cause damage to peripheral organ systems, such as digestive organ system, and alterations of gut microbiota in addition to brain injury. Our previous study found that TBI induced gastrointestinal dysfunction accompanied by alterations of bile acid metabolism. Bile acid and its receptors have been reported to play important roles in various neurological diseases. To further examine the changes of bile acid metabolism in TBI patients, we performed a retrospective clinical analysis. In this study, 177 patients were included, and the results showed that TBI patients had more frequent antibiotic use compared with a control group. Regression analysis identified TBI as an independent factor for reduction of serum bile acid level (B = -1.762, p = 0.006), even with antibiotic use taken into a regression model. Sub-group regression analysis of TBI patients showed that antibiotic use was negatively associated with bile acid level, while creatinine and triglyceride were positively associated with bile acid level. In conclusion, these data indicated that TBI could greatly reduce serum bile acid. This study provided preliminary but novel clinical evidence of TBI interfering with bile acid metabolism, and further studies with large sample sizes are needed to validate these findings in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanrun Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zijian Chen
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Shaoxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Wendong You
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yadong Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengdi Tu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peidong Zheng
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Wen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Pérez-Bárcena J, Rodríguez Pilar J, Salazar O, Crespí C, Frontera G, Novo MA, Guardiola MB, Llompart-Pou JA, Ibáñez J, de Rivero Vaccari JP. Serum Caspase-1 as an Independent Prognostic Factor in Traumatic Brain Injured Patients. Neurocrit Care 2021; 36:527-535. [PMID: 34498205 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-021-01340-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objectives of this study were to assess the association between serum caspase 1 levels and known clinical and radiological prognostic factors and determine whether caspase 1was a more powerful predictor of outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI) than clinical indices alone, to determine the association between the serum levels of caspase 1 and the 6-month outcome, and to evaluate if there is any association between caspase 1 with clinical and radiological variables. METHODS This prospective and observational study was conducted in a university hospital and included patients with TBI who required hospital admission. Serum samples were collected at hospital admission and 24 h after TBI. Caspase 1 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Receiver operating characteristic curves were obtained to test the potential of caspase 1 to predict mortality (Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended score of 1) and unfavorable outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended scores of 1-4). Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the effect of serum caspase 1 levels, adjusted by known clinical and radiological prognostic indices, on the outcome. RESULTS One hundred thirty-two patients and 33 healthy controls were included. We obtained 6-month outcome in 118 patients. On admission, the mean serum levels of caspase 1 were higher in patients with TBI compared with controls (157.9 vs. 108.5 pg/mL; p < 0.05) but not at 24 h after TBI. Serum caspase 1 levels on admission were higher in patients with unfavorable outcomes (189.5 vs. 144.1 pg/mL; p = 0.009). Similarly, serum caspase 1 levels on admission were higher in patients who died vs. patients who survived (213.6 vs. 146.8 pg/mL; p = 0.03). A logistic regression model showed that the serum caspase 1 level on admission was an independent predictor of 6-month unfavorable outcomes (odds ratio 1.05; 95% confidence interval 1-1.11; p = 0.05). Caspase 1 levels were higher in patients with severe TBI compared with those with moderate TBI, those with mild TBI, and healthy controls (p < 0.001). We did not find any correlation between caspase 1 and the radiological variables studied. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of patients with TBI, we show that serum caspase 1 protein levels on admission are an independent prognostic factor after TBI. Serum caspase 1 levels on admission are higher in patients who will present unfavorable outcomes 6 months after TBI. Caspase 1 levels on admission are associated with the injury severity determined by the Glasgow Coma Scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Pérez-Bárcena
- Intensive Care Department, Son Espases University Hospital, Carretera de Valldemossa, 79, 07120, Palma de Mallorca, Islas Baleares, Spain.
| | - Javier Rodríguez Pilar
- Intensive Care Department, Son Espases University Hospital, Carretera de Valldemossa, 79, 07120, Palma de Mallorca, Islas Baleares, Spain
| | - Osman Salazar
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Son Espases University Hospital, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Catalina Crespí
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Son Espases University Hospital, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Guillem Frontera
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Son Espases University Hospital, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Mariana Andrea Novo
- Intensive Care Department, Son Espases University Hospital, Carretera de Valldemossa, 79, 07120, Palma de Mallorca, Islas Baleares, Spain
| | - María Begoña Guardiola
- Intensive Care Department, Son Espases University Hospital, Carretera de Valldemossa, 79, 07120, Palma de Mallorca, Islas Baleares, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Llompart-Pou
- Intensive Care Department, Son Espases University Hospital, Carretera de Valldemossa, 79, 07120, Palma de Mallorca, Islas Baleares, Spain
| | - Javier Ibáñez
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Son Espases University Hospital, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
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Hosomi S, Kitamura T, Sobue T, Ogura H, Shimazu T. Sex and age differences in isolated traumatic brain injury: a retrospective observational study. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:261. [PMID: 34225691 PMCID: PMC8256599 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02305-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Among the many factors that may influence traumatic brain injury (TBI) progression, sex is one of the most controversial. The objective of this study was to investigate sex differences in TBI-associated morbidity and mortality using data from the largest trauma registry in Japan. Methods This retrospective, population-based observational study included patients with isolated TBI, who were registered in a nationwide database between 2004 and 2018. We excluded patients with extracranial injury (Abbreviated Injury Scale score ≥ 3) and removed potential confounding factors, such as non-neurological causes of mortality. Patients were stratified by age and mortality and post-injury complications were compared between males and females. Results A total of 51,726 patients with isolated TBI were included (16,901 females and 34,825 males). Mortality across all ages was documented in 12.01% (2030/16901) and 12.76% (4445/34825) of males and females, respectively. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) of TBI mortality for males compared to females was 1.32 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22–1.42]. Males aged 10–19 years and ≥ 60 years had a significantly higher mortality than females in the same age groups (10–19 years: adjusted OR, 1.97 [95% CI, 1.08–3.61]; 60–69 years: adjusted OR, 1.24 [95% CI, 1.02–1.50]; 70–79 years: adjusted OR, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.03–1.40]; 80–89 years: adjusted OR, 1.50 [95% CI, 1.31–1.73], and 90–99 years: adjusted OR, 1.72 [95% CI, 1.28–2.32]). In terms of the incidence of post-TBI neurologic and non-neurologic complications, the crude ORs were 1.29 (95% CI, 1.19–1.39) and 1.14 (95% CI, 1.07–1.22), respectively, for males versus females. This difference was especially evident among elderly patients (neurologic complications: OR, 1.27 [95% CI, 1.14–1.41]; non-neurologic complications: OR, 1.29 [95% CI, 1.19–1.39]). Conclusions In a nationwide sample of patients with TBI in Japan, males had a higher mortality than females. This disparity was particularly evident among younger and older generations. Furthermore, elderly males experienced more TBI complications than females of the same age. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12883-021-02305-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanae Hosomi
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 215, Yamada-oka, Suita, Japan. .,Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 215, Yamada-oka, Suita, Japan.
| | - Tetsuhisa Kitamura
- Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 215, Yamada-oka, Suita, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Sobue
- Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 215, Yamada-oka, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ogura
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 215, Yamada-oka, Suita, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shimazu
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 215, Yamada-oka, Suita, Japan
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Dutta D, Khan N, Wu J, Jay SM. Extracellular Vesicles as an Emerging Frontier in Spinal Cord Injury Pathobiology and Therapy. Trends Neurosci 2021; 44:492-506. [PMID: 33581883 PMCID: PMC8159852 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-delimited particles that are secreted by nearly all cell types. EVs mediate crucial physiological functions and pathophysiological processes in the CNS. As carriers of diverse bioactive cargoes (e.g., proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids) that can be modified in response to external stimuli, EVs have emerged as pathological mediators following neurotrauma such as spinal cord injury (SCI). We discuss the roles of endogenous EVs in the CNS as well as crosstalk with peripheral EVs in relation to neurotrauma, with a particular focus on SCI. We then summarize the status of EV-based therapeutic advances in preclinical animal models for these conditions. Finally, we discuss new bioengineering strategies that are poised to enhance CNS-specific therapeutic capabilities of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipankar Dutta
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Niaz Khan
- Department of Anesthesiology, and Center for Shock, Trauma, and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Junfang Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, and Center for Shock, Trauma, and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; University of Maryland Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Steven M Jay
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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Sabet N, Soltani Z, Khaksari M. Multipotential and systemic effects of traumatic brain injury. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 357:577619. [PMID: 34058510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of disability and mortality of people at all ages. Biochemical, cellular and physiological events that occur during primary injury lead to a delayed and long-term secondary damage that can last from hours to years. Secondary brain injury causes tissue damage in the central nervous system and a subsequent strong and rapid inflammatory response that may lead to persistent inflammation. However, this inflammatory response is not limited to the brain. Inflammatory mediators are transferred from damaged brain tissue to the bloodstream and produce a systemic inflammatory response in peripheral organs, including the cardiovascular, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, renal and endocrine systems. Complications of TBI are associated with its multiple and systemic effects that should be considered in the treatment of TBI patients. Therefore, in this review, an attempt was made to examine the systemic effects of TBI in detail. It is hoped that this review will identify the mechanisms of injury and complications of TBI, and open a window for promising treatment in TBI complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Sabet
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zahra Soltani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Khaksari
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Lung-protective ventilation and adjunctive strategies to manage respiratory failure: are they safe in the neurological patient? Curr Opin Crit Care 2021; 27:115-119. [PMID: 33480618 DOI: 10.1097/mcc.0000000000000809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The coexistence of neurological injury and respiratory failure is common in intensive care. This article provides a contemporary overview of the safety and efficacy of different strategies for mechanical ventilation and adjunctive respiratory approaches in patients with acute brain injury. RECENT FINDINGS Available evidence indicates that lung-protective ventilation (LPV) can be implemented safely in a range of patients with concurrent respiratory failure and brain injury of different etiologies; however, the clinical efficacy of LPV in this setting needs to be established. In patients who have severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and brain injury, adjunctive measures (neuromuscular blocker drug infusions, prone positioning, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) may be considered, although the neurophysiological impact and safety of these techniques need further investigation. Intracranial pressure and other neuromonitoring techniques may be of value to ensure optimal management of mechanical ventilation and adjunctive measures in this population. SUMMARY Research is needed to determine the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of LPV and adjunctive approaches for managing patients with concurrent brain injury and respiratory failure.
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Ali A, Zambrano R, Duncan MR, Chen S, Luo S, Yuan H, Chen P, Benny M, Schmidt A, Young K, Kerr N, de Rivero Vaccari JP, Keane RW, Dietrich WD, Wu S. Hyperoxia-activated circulating extracellular vesicles induce lung and brain injury in neonatal rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8791. [PMID: 33888735 PMCID: PMC8062626 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87706-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperoxia-induced lung injury plays a key role in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), characterized by inflammatory injury and impaired lung development in preterm infants. Although BPD is a predictor of poor neurodevelopmental outcomes, currently it is uncertain how lung injury contributes to brain injury in preterm infants. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of cell-derived membranous structures that regulate intercellular and inter-organ communications. Gasdermin D (GSDMD) has emerged as a key executor of inflammasome-mediated cell death and inflammation. In this study, we utilized a neonatal rat model of BPD to assess if hyperoxia stimulates lung release of circulating EVs and if these EVs induce lung and brain injury. We found that hyperoxia-exposed rats had elevated numbers of plasma-derived EVs compared to rats maintained in room air. These EVs also had increased cargos of surfactant protein C, a marker of type II alveolar epithelial cells (AEC), and the active (p30) form of GSDMD. When these EVs were adoptively transferred into normal newborn rats via intravenous injection, they were taken up both by lung and brain tissues. Moreover, EVs from hyperoxic animals induced not only the pathological hallmarks of BPD, but also brain inflammatory injury in recipient rats, as well as inducing cell death in cultured pulmonary vascular endothelial cells and neural stem cells (NSC). Similarly, hyperoxia-exposed cultured AEC-like cells released EVs that also contained increased GSDMD-p30 and these EVs induced pyroptotic cell death in NSC. Overall, these data indicate that hyperoxia-activated circulating EVs mediate a lung to brain crosstalk resulting in brain injury and suggest a mechanism that links lung injury and neurodevelopmental impairment in BPD infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anum Ali
- Division of Neonatology and Batchelor Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, P. O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Ronald Zambrano
- Division of Neonatology and Batchelor Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, P. O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Matthew R Duncan
- Division of Neonatology and Batchelor Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, P. O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Shaoyi Chen
- Division of Neonatology and Batchelor Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, P. O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Shihua Luo
- Division of Neonatology and Batchelor Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, P. O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Huijun Yuan
- Division of Neonatology and Batchelor Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, P. O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Pingping Chen
- Division of Neonatology and Batchelor Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, P. O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Merline Benny
- Division of Neonatology and Batchelor Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, P. O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Augusto Schmidt
- Division of Neonatology and Batchelor Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, P. O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Karen Young
- Division of Neonatology and Batchelor Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, P. O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Nadine Kerr
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Robert W Keane
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - W Dalton Dietrich
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | - Shu Wu
- Division of Neonatology and Batchelor Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, P. O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA.
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Kerr NA, de Rivero Vaccari JP, Weaver C, Dietrich WD, Ahmed T, Keane RW. Enoxaparin Attenuates Acute Lung Injury and Inflammasome Activation after Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2021; 38:646-654. [PMID: 32669032 PMCID: PMC7898405 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.7257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients frequently develop cardiopulmonary system complications such as acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, the mechanism by which TBI causes ALI/ARDS is not fully understood. Here, we used a severe TBI model to examine the effects of a low-molecular-weight heparin, enoxaparin, on inflammasome activation and lung injury damage. We investigated whether enoxaparin inhibits ALI and inflammasome signaling protein expression in the brain and lungs after TBI in mice. C57/BL6 mice were subjected to severe TBI and were treated with vehicle or 1 mg/kg of enoxaparin 30 min after injury. Lung and brain tissue were collected 24 h post-TBI and were analyzed by immunoblotting for expression of the inflammasome proteins, caspase-1 and interleukin (IL)-1β. In addition, lung tissue was collected for histological analysis to determine ALI scoring and neutrophil and macrophage infiltration post-injury. Our data show that severe TBI induces increased expression of inflammasome proteins caspase-1 and IL-1β in the brain and lungs of mice after injury. Treatment with enoxaparin attenuated inflammasome expression in the brain and lungs 24 h after injury. Enoxaparin significantly decreased ALI score as well as neutrophil and macrophage infiltration in lungs at 24 h after injury. This study demonstrates that enoxaparin attenuates ALI and inhibits inflammasome expression in the brain and lungs after TBI. These findings support the hypothesis that inhibition of the neural-respiratory inflammasome axis that is activated after TBI may have therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine A. Kerr
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | - Cailey Weaver
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - W. Dalton Dietrich
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Tahir Ahmed
- Pulmonary Division, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida, USA
| | - Robert W. Keane
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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Spinal cord injury alters microRNA and CD81+ exosome levels in plasma extracellular nanoparticles with neuroinflammatory potential. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 92:165-183. [PMID: 33307173 PMCID: PMC7897251 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been implicated mechanistically in the pathobiology of neurodegenerative disorders, including central nervous system injury. However, the role of EVs in spinal cord injury (SCI) has received limited attention to date. Moreover, technical limitations related to EV isolation and characterization methods can lead to misleading or contradictory findings. Here, we examined changes in plasma EVs after mouse SCI at multiple timepoints (1d, 3d, 7d, 14d) using complementary measurement techniques. Plasma EVs isolated by ultracentrifugation (UC) were decreased at 1d post-injury, as shown by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and paralleled an overall reduction in total plasma extracellular nanoparticles. Western blot (WB) analysis of UC-derived plasma EVs revealed increased expression of the tetraspanin exosome marker, CD81, between 1d and 7d post-injury. To substantiate these findings, we performed interferometric and fluorescence imaging of single, tetraspanin EVs captured directly from plasma with ExoView®. Consistent with WB, we observed significantly increased plasma CD81+ EV count and cargo at 1d post-injury. The majority of these tetraspanin EVs were smaller than 50 nm based on interferometry and were insufficiently resolved by flow cytometry-based detection. At the injury site, there was enhanced expression of EV biogenesis proteins that were also detected in EVs directly isolated from spinal cord tissue by WB. Surface expression of tetraspanins CD9 and CD63 increased in multiple cell types at the injury site; however, astrocyte CD81 expression uniquely decreased, as demonstrated by flow cytometry. UC-isolated plasma EV microRNA cargo was also significantly altered at 1d post-injury with changes similar to that reported in EVs released by astrocytes after inflammatory stimulation. When injected into the lateral ventricle, plasma EVs from SCI mice increased both pro- and anti-inflammatory gene as well as reactive astrocyte gene expression in the brain cortex. These studies provide the first detailed characterization of plasma EV dynamics after SCI and suggest that plasma EVs may be involved in posttraumatic brain inflammation.
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Saber M, Rice AD, Christie I, Roberts RG, Knox KS, Nakaji P, Rowe RK, Wang T, Lifshitz J. Remote Ischemic Conditioning Reduced Acute Lung Injury After Traumatic Brain Injury in the Mouse. Shock 2021; 55:256-267. [PMID: 32769821 PMCID: PMC8878575 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can induce acute lung injury (ALI). The exact pathomechanism of TBI-induced ALI is poorly understood, limiting treatment options. Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) can mitigate detrimental outcomes following transplants, cardiac arrests, and neurological injuries. In this study, we hypothesized that RIC would reduce TBI-induced ALI by regulating the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)-dependent pathway, a central regulator of endothelial barrier integrity, lymphocyte, and myokine trafficking. Male mice were subjected to either diffuse TBI by midline fluid percussion or control sham injury and randomly assigned among four groups: sham, TBI, sham RIC, or TBI RIC; RIC was performed 1 h prior to TBI. Mice were euthanized at 1-h postinjury or 7 days post-injury (DPI) and lung tissue, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and blood were collected. Lung tissue was analyzed for histopathology, irisin myokine levels, and S1P receptor levels. BAL fluid and blood were analyzed for cellularity and myokine/S1P levels, respectively. One-hour postinjury, TBI damaged lung alveoli and increased neutrophil infiltration; RIC preserved alveoli. BAL from TBI mice had more neutrophils and higher neutrophil/monocyte ratios compared with sham, where TBI RIC mice showed no injury-induced change. Further, S1P receptor 3 and irisin-associated protein levels were significantly increased in the lungs of TBI mice compared with sham, which was prevented by RIC. However, there was no RIC-associated change in plasma irisin or S1P. At 7 DPI, ALI in TBI mice was largely resolved, with evidence for residual lung pathology. Thus, RIC may be a viable intervention for TBI-induced ALI to preserve lung function and facilitate clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Saber
- Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine – Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ
- Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Amanda D. Rice
- Internal Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Immaculate Christie
- Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine – Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ
- Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Rebecca G. Roberts
- Internal Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Kenneth S. Knox
- Internal Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Peter Nakaji
- Neurosurgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Rachel K. Rowe
- Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine – Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ
- Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ
- Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Ting Wang
- Internal Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Jonathan Lifshitz
- Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine – Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ
- Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ
- Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ
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Faden AI, Barrett JP, Stoica BA, Henry RJ. Bidirectional Brain-Systemic Interactions and Outcomes After TBI. Trends Neurosci 2021; 44:406-418. [PMID: 33495023 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a debilitating disorder associated with chronic progressive neurodegeneration and long-term neurological decline. Importantly, there is now substantial and increasing evidence that TBI can negatively impact systemic organs, including the pulmonary, gastrointestinal (GI), cardiovascular, renal, and immune system. Less well appreciated, until recently, is that such functional changes can affect both the response to subsequent insults or diseases, as well as contribute to chronic neurodegenerative processes and long-term neurological outcomes. In this review, we summarize evidence showing bidirectional interactions between the brain and systemic organs following TBI and critically assess potential underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan I Faden
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - James P Barrett
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bogdan A Stoica
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rebecca J Henry
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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