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Hong J, Li Y, Chen L, Han D, Li Y, Mi X, Liu K, Wang Q, Song Y, Liu T, Yang N, Liu Y, Li Z, Guo X. A53T α-synuclein mutation increases susceptibility to postoperative delayed neurocognitive recovery via hippocampal Ang-(1-7)/MasR axis. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 224:116261. [PMID: 38705534 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Delayed neurocognitive recovery (dNCR) is a common complication in geriatric surgical patients. The impact of anesthesia and surgery on patients with neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD) or prion disease, has not yet been reported. In this study, we aimed to determine the association between a pre-existing A53T genetic background, which involves a PD-related point mutation, and the development of postoperative dNCR. We observed that partial hepatectomy induced hippocampus-dependent cognitive deficits in 5-month-old A53T transgenic mice, a model of early-stage PD without cognitive deficits, unlike in age-matched wild-type (WT) mice. We respectively examined molecular changes at 6 h, 1 day, and 2 days after partial hepatectomy and observed that cognitive changes were accompanied by weakened angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas receptor [Ang-(1-7)/MasR] axis, increased alpha-synuclein (α-syn) expression and phosphorylation, decreased methylated protein phosphatase-2A (Me-PP2A), and prompted microglia M1 polarization and neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus at 1 day after surgery. Nevertheless, no changes in blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity or plasma α-syn levels in either A53T or WT mice. Furthermore, intranasal administration of selective MasR agonist AVE 0991, reversed the mentioned cognitive deficits in A53T mice, enhanced MasR expression, reduced α-syn accumulation and phosphorylation, and attenuated microglia activation and apoptotic response. Our findings suggest that individuals with the A53T genetic background may be more susceptible to developing postoperative dNCR. This susceptibility could be linked to central α-syn accumulation mediated by the weakened Ang-(1-7)/MasR/methyl-PP2A signaling pathway in the hippocampus following surgery, independent of plasma α-syn level and BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshu Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dengyang Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yitong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xinning Mi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Kaixi Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanan Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Center of Quality Control and Improvement on Clinical Anesthesia, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Taotao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yajie Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhengqian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Center of Quality Control and Improvement on Clinical Anesthesia, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care (CPAM), No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Xiangyang Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Center of Quality Control and Improvement on Clinical Anesthesia, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care (CPAM), No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
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Ye D, Liu J, Lin L, Hou P, Feng T, Wang S. The Ang-(1-7)/MasR axis ameliorates neuroinflammation in hypothermic traumatic brain injury in mice by modulating phenotypic transformation of microglia. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303150. [PMID: 38728304 PMCID: PMC11086881 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The Ang-(1-7)/MasR axis is critically involved in treating several diseases; For example, Ang-(1-7) improves inflammatory response and neurological function after traumatic brain injury and inhibits post-inflammatory hypothermia. However, its function in traumatic brain injury (TBI) combined with seawater immersion hypothermia remains unclear. Here, we used a mice model of hypothermic TBI and a BV2 cell model of hypothermic inflammation to investigate whether the Ang-(1-7)/MasR axis is involved in ameliorating hypothermic TBI. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR, western blotting assay, and immunofluorescence assay were performed to confirm microglia polarization and cytokine regulation. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, Nissl staining, and immunohistochemical assay were conducted to assess the extent of hypothermic TBI-induced damage and the ameliorative effect of Ang-(1-7) in mice. An open field experiment and neurological function scoring with two approaches were used to assess the degree of recovery and prognosis in mice. After hypothermic TBI establishment in BV2 cells, the Ang-(1-7)/MasR axis induced phenotypic transformation of microglia from M1 to M2, inhibited IL-6 and IL-1β release, and upregulated IL-4 and IL-10 levels. After hypothermic TBI development in mice, intraperitoneally administered Ang-(1-7) attenuated histological damage and promoted neurological recovery. These findings suggest that hypothermia exacerbates TBI-induced damage and that the Ang-(1-7)/MasR axis can ameliorate hypothermic TBI and directly affect prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fuzong Teaching Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jiamin Liu
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Long Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fuzong Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Pengwei Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fuzong Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Tianshun Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongfang Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shousen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, 900th Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Al-Khateeb ZF, Boumenar H, Adebimpe J, Shekerzade S, Henson SM, Tremoleda JL, Michael-Titus AT. The cellular senescence response and neuroinflammation in juvenile mice following controlled cortical impact and repetitive mild traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol 2024; 374:114714. [PMID: 38325653 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of disability and increases the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases. The mechanisms linking TBI to neurodegeneration remain to be defined. It has been proposed that the induction of cellular senescence after injury could amplify neuroinflammation and induce long-term tissue changes. The induction of a senescence response post-injury in the immature brain has yet to be characterised. We carried out two types of brain injury in juvenile CD1 mice: invasive TBI using controlled cortical impact (CCI) and repetitive mild TBI (rmTBI) using weight drop injury. The analysis of senescence-related signals showed an increase in γH2AX-53BP1 nuclear foci, p53, p19ARF, and p16INK4a expression in the CCI group, 5 days post-injury (dpi). At 35 days, the difference was no longer statistically significant. Gene expression showed the activation of different senescence pathways in the ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres in the injured mice. CCI-injured mice showed a neuroinflammatory early phase after injury (increased Iba1 and GFAP expression), which persisted for GFAP. After CCI, there was an increase at 5 days in p16INK4, whereas in rmTBI, a significant increase was seen at 35 dpi. Both injuries caused a decrease in p21 at 35 dpi. In rmTBI, other markers showed no significant change. The PCR array data predicted the activation of pathways connected to senescence after rmTBI. These results indicate the induction of a complex cellular senescence and glial reaction in the immature mouse brain, with clear differences between an invasive brain injury and a repetitive mild injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra F Al-Khateeb
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Hasna Boumenar
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joycee Adebimpe
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shenel Shekerzade
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Siân M Henson
- Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jordi L Tremoleda
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adina T Michael-Titus
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Tarudji AW, Gee CC, Miller HA, Steffen R, Curtis ET, Priester AM, Convertine AJ, Kievit FM. Antioxidant theranostic copolymer-mediated reduction in oxidative stress following traumatic brain injury improves outcome in a mouse model. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2023; 6:2300147. [PMID: 38464558 PMCID: PMC10923536 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202300147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Following a traumatic brain injury (TBI), excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation products (LPOx) are generated and lead to secondary injury beyond the primary insult. A major limitation of current treatments is poor target engagement, which has prevented success in clinical trials. Thus, nanoparticle-based treatments have received recent attention because of their ability to increase accumulation and retention in damaged brain. Theranostic neuroprotective copolymers (NPC3) containing thiol functional groups can neutralize ROS and LPOx. Immediate administration of NPC3 following injury in a controlled cortical impact (CCI) mouse model provides a therapeutic window in reducing ROS levels at 2.08-20.83 mg/kg in males and 5.52-27.62 mg/kg in females. This NPC3-mediated reduction in oxidative stress improves spatial learning and memory in males, while females show minimal improvement. Notably, NPC3-mediated reduction in oxidative stress prevents the bilateral spread of necrosis in male mice, which was not observed in female mice and likely accounts for the sex-based spatial learning and memory differences. Overall, these findings suggest sex-based differences to oxidative stress scavenger nanoparticle treatments, and a possible upper threshold of antioxidant activity that provides therapeutic benefit in injured brain since female mice benefit from NPC3 treatment to a lesser extent than male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aria W Tarudji
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 262 Morrison Center, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Connor C Gee
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 262 Morrison Center, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Hunter A Miller
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 262 Morrison Center, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Rylie Steffen
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 262 Morrison Center, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Evan T Curtis
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 262 Morrison Center, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Aaron M Priester
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 223 McNutt Hall, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA
| | - Anthony J Convertine
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 223 McNutt Hall, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA
| | - Forrest M Kievit
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 262 Morrison Center, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
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Villapol S, Janatpour ZC, Affram KO, Symes AJ. The Renin Angiotensin System as a Therapeutic Target in Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:1565-1591. [PMID: 37759139 PMCID: PMC10684482 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-023-01435-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health problem, with limited pharmacological options available beyond symptomatic relief. The renin angiotensin system (RAS) is primarily known as a systemic endocrine regulatory system, with major roles controlling blood pressure and fluid homeostasis. Drugs that target the RAS are used to treat hypertension, heart failure and kidney disorders. They have now been used chronically by millions of people and have a favorable safety profile. In addition to the systemic RAS, it is now appreciated that many different organ systems, including the brain, have their own local RAS. The major ligand of the classic RAS, Angiotensin II (Ang II) acts predominantly through the Ang II Type 1 receptor (AT1R), leading to vasoconstriction, inflammation, and heightened oxidative stress. These processes can exacerbate brain injuries. Ang II receptor blockers (ARBs) are AT1R antagonists. They have been shown in several preclinical studies to enhance recovery from TBI in rodents through improvements in molecular, cellular and behavioral correlates of injury. ARBs are now under consideration for clinical trials in TBI. Several different RAS peptides that signal through receptors distinct from the AT1R, are also potential therapeutic targets for TBI. The counter regulatory RAS pathway has actions that oppose those stimulated by AT1R signaling. This alternative pathway has many beneficial effects on cells in the central nervous system, bringing about vasodilation, and having anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress actions. Stimulation of this pathway also has potential therapeutic value for the treatment of TBI. This comprehensive review will provide an overview of the various components of the RAS, with a focus on their direct relevance to TBI pathology. It will explore different therapeutic agents that modulate this system and assess their potential efficacy in treating TBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Villapol
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zachary C Janatpour
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Kwame O Affram
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Aviva J Symes
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
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Bharadhwaj RA, Kumarswamy R. Long noncoding RNA TUG1 regulates smooth muscle cell differentiation via KLF4-myocardin axis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C940-C950. [PMID: 37642238 PMCID: PMC10635660 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00275.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are asymptomatic vascular diseases that have life-threatening outcomes. Smooth muscle cell (SMC) dysfunction plays an important role in AAA development. The contribution of non-coding genome, specifically the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in SMC dysfunction, is relatively unexplored. We investigated the role of lncRNA TUG1 in SMC dysfunction. To identify potential lncRNAs relevant to SMC functionality, lncRNA profiling was performed in angiotensin-II-treated SMCs. AAA was induced by angiotensin-II treatment in mice. Transcriptional regulation of TUG1 was studied using promoter luciferase and chromatin-immuno-precipitation experiments. Gain-or-loss-of-function experiments were performed in vitro to investigate TUG1-mediated regulation of SMC function. Immunoprecipitation experiments were conducted to elucidate the mechanism underlying TUG1-mediated SMC dysfunction. TUG1 was upregulated in SMCs following angiotensin-II treatment. Similarly, TUG1 levels were elevated in abdominal aorta in a mouse model of angiotensin-II-induced AAA. Further investigations showed that angiotensin-II-induced TUG1 expression could be suppressed by inhibiting Notch-signaling pathway, both in vitro and in mouse AAA model and that TUG1 is a direct transcriptional target of the Notch pathway. In aneurysmal tissues, TUG1 expression was inversely correlated with the expression of SMC contractile genes. Overexpression of TUG1 repressed SMC differentiation in vitro, whereas siRNA/shRNA-mediated TUG1 knockdown showed an opposite effect. Mechanistically, TUG1 interacts with transcriptional repressor KLF4 and facilitates its recruitment to myocardin promoter ultimately leading to the repression of SMC differentiation. In summary, our study uncovers a novel role for the lncRNA TUG1 wherein it modulates SMC differentiation via the KLF4-myocardin axis, which may have potential implications in AAA development.NEW & NOTEWORTHY TUG1 is an angiotensin-II-induced long noncoding RNA that mediates smooth muscle cell (SMC) dysfunction through interaction with transcriptional repressor KLF4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Abishek Bharadhwaj
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Telangana, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Regalla Kumarswamy
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Telangana, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Su P, Wu Y, Xie F, Zheng Q, Chen L, Liu Z, Meng X, Zhou F, Zhang L. A Review of Extracellular Vesicles in COVID-19 Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206095. [PMID: 37144543 PMCID: PMC10323633 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is ongoing, and has necessitated scientific efforts in disease diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Interestingly, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been crucial in these developments. EVs are a collection of various nanovesicles which are delimited by a lipid bilayer. They are enriched in proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and metabolites, and naturally released from different cells. Their natural material transport properties, inherent long-term recycling ability, excellent biocompatibility, editable targeting, and inheritance of parental cell properties make EVs one of the most promising next-generation drug delivery nanocarriers and active biologics. During the COVID-19 pandemic, many efforts have been made to exploit the payload of natural EVs for the treatment of COVID-19. Furthermore, strategies that use engineered EVs to manufacture vaccines and neutralization traps have produced excellent efficacy in animal experiments and clinical trials. Here, the recent literature on the application of EVs in COVID-19 diagnosis, treatment, damage repair, and prevention is reviewed. And the therapeutic value, application strategies, safety, and biotoxicity in the production and clinical applications of EV agents for COVID-19 treatment, as well as inspiration for using EVs to block and eliminate novel viruses are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Su
- Department of Breast SurgeryZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalHangzhou310014P. R. China
- Institutes of Biology and Medical ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Wu
- Department of Clinical MedicineThe First School of MedicineWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325035P. R. China
| | - Feng Xie
- Institutes of Biology and Medical ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Qinghui Zheng
- Department of Breast SurgeryZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalHangzhou310014P. R. China
| | - Long Chen
- Center for Translational MedicineThe Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow UniversityZhangjiagangJiangsu215600China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials and DevicesSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123China
| | - Xuli Meng
- Department of Breast SurgeryZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalHangzhou310014P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Institutes of Biology and Medical ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Breast SurgeryZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalHangzhou310014P. R. China
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058P. R. China
- Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058P. R. China
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Tarudji AW, Miller HA, Curtis ET, Porter CL, Madsen GL, Kievit FM. Sex-based differences of antioxidant enzyme nanoparticle effects following traumatic brain injury. J Control Release 2023; 355:149-159. [PMID: 36720285 PMCID: PMC10006352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Following traumatic brain injury (TBI), reactive oxygen species (ROS) are released in excess, causing oxidative stress, carbonyl stress, and cell death, which induce the additional release of ROS. The limited accumulation and retention of small molecule antioxidants commonly used in clinical trials likely limit the target engagement and therapeutic effect in reducing secondary injury. Small molecule drugs also need to be administered every several hours to maintain bioavailability in the brain. Therefore, there is a need for a burst and sustained release system with high accumulation and retention in the injured brain. Here, we utilized Pro-NP™ with a size of 200 nm, which was designed to have a burst and sustained release of encapsulated antioxidants, Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and catalase (CAT), to scavenge ROS for >24 h post-injection. Here, we utilized a controlled cortical impact (CCI) mouse model of TBI and found the accumulation of Pro-NP™ in the brain lesion was highest when injected immediately after injury, with a reduction in the accumulation with delayed administration of 1 h or more post-injury. Pro-NP™ treatment with 9000 U/kg SOD1 and 9800 U/kg CAT gave the highest reduction in ROS in both male and female mice. We found that Pro-NP™ treatment was effective in reducing carbonyl stress and necrosis at 1 d post-injury in the contralateral hemisphere in male mice, which showed a similar trend to untreated female mice. Although we found that male and female mice similarly benefit from Pro-NP™ treatment in reducing ROS levels 4 h post-injury, Pro-NP™ treatment did not significantly affect markers of post-traumatic oxidative stress in female CCI mice as compared to male CCI mice. These findings of protection by Pro-NP™ in male mice did not extend to 7 d post-injury, which suggests subsequent treatments with Pro-NP™ may be needed to afford protection into the chronic phase of injury. Overall, these different treatment effects of Pro-NP™ between male and female mice suggest important sex-based differences in response to antioxidant nanoparticle delivery and that there may exist a maximal benefit from local antioxidant activity in injured brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aria W Tarudji
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 262 Morrison Center, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Hunter A Miller
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 262 Morrison Center, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; ProTransit Nanotherapy, 16514L St., Omaha, NE 68135, USA
| | - Evan T Curtis
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 262 Morrison Center, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | | | - Gary L Madsen
- ProTransit Nanotherapy, 16514L St., Omaha, NE 68135, USA
| | - Forrest M Kievit
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 262 Morrison Center, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
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Gu G, Zhu B, Ren J, Song X, Fan B, Ding H, Shang J, Wu H, Li J, Wang H, Li J, Wei Z, Feng S. Ang-(1-7)/MasR axis promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury by regulating microglia/macrophage polarization. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:23. [PMID: 36739421 PMCID: PMC9899400 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-00967-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory response is an essential part of secondary injury after spinal cord injury (SCI). During this period, the injury may be exacerbated through the release of a large number of inflammatory factors and the polarization of infiltrating macrophages and microglia towards M1. Ang-(1-7), mainly generated by Ang II via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), can specifically bind to the G protein-coupled receptor Mas (MasR) and plays an important role in regulating inflammation and alleviating oxidative stress. METHODS We aimed to investigate whether activating the Ang-(1-7)/MasR axis in rats after SCI can regulate local neuroinflammation to achieve functional recovery and obtain its potential mechanism. MasR expression of bone marrow-derived macrophages was determined by Western blot. Immunofluorescence, Western blot, Flow cytometry, and RT-qPCR were applied to evaluate the polarization of Ang-(1-7) on macrophages and the regulation of inflammatory cytokines. Previous evaluation of the spinal cord and bladder after SCI was conducted by hematoxylin-eosin staining, Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) score, inclined plate test, electrophysiology, and catwalk were used to evaluate the functional recovery of rats. RESULTS MasR expression increased in macrophages under inflammatory conditions and further elevated after Ang-(1-7) treatment. Both in vivo and in vitro results confirmed that Ang-(1-7) could regulate the expression of inflammatory cytokines by down-regulating proinflammatory cytokines and up-regulating anti-inflammatory cytokines, and bias the polarization direction of microglia/macrophages to M2 phenotypic. After SCI, Ang-(1-7) administration in situ led to better histological and functional recovery in rats, and this recovery at least partly involved the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. CONCLUSION As shown in our data, activating Ang-(1-7)/MasR axis can effectively improve the inflammatory microenvironment after spinal cord injury, promote the polarization of microglia/macrophages towards the M2 phenotype, and finally support the recovery of motor function. Therefore, we suggest using Ang-(1-7) as a feasible treatment strategy for spinal cord injury to minimize the negative consequences of the inflammatory microenvironment after spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjin Gu
- grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 China
| | - Bin Zhu
- grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 China
| | - Jie Ren
- grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 China
| | - Xiaomeng Song
- grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 China
| | - Baoyou Fan
- grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 China
| | - Han Ding
- grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 China
| | - Jun Shang
- grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 China
| | - Heng Wu
- grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Junjin Li
- grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 China
| | - Hongda Wang
- grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 China
| | - Jinze Li
- grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 China
| | - Zhijian Wei
- grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 China ,Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 China ,Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong China
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10
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Shimada R, Tatara Y, Kibayashi K. Gene expression in meningeal lymphatic endothelial cells following traumatic brain injury in mice. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273892. [PMID: 36067135 PMCID: PMC9447870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Meningeal lymphatic vessels transport both the cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial fluid to the deep cervical lymph nodes. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is accompanied by meningeal injury. We hypothesized that the TBI-induced meningeal injury would damage lymphatic vessels and affect brain function. We observed altered gene expression in meningeal lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) in a mouse model of TBI. Through flow cytometry–based cell sorting, meningeal LECs were obtained from a mouse model of controlled cortical impact 3 days after TBI. Microarray analysis, real-time polymerase chain reaction assays, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed to determine mRNA and protein expression levels in meningeal LECs. The number of meningeal LECs was significantly lower in the injury group than in the sham group 3 days after TBI. Additionally, the mRNA expression of lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (a specific marker of lymphatic vessels) in meningeal LECs was significantly lower in the injury group than in the sham group. The mRNA and protein expression of FMS-like tyrosine kinase 4 and neuropilin 2 (markers of lymphangiogenesis) in meningeal LECs was significantly higher in the injury group than in the sham group. Our findings indicate that TBI is associated with the impairment of meningeal LECs and meningeal lymphangiogenesis, which implicates lymphatic vessel injury in the pathogenesis of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Shimada
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yuki Tatara
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Kibayashi
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Bruhns RP, Sulaiman MI, Gaub M, Bae EH, Davidson Knapp RB, Larson AR, Smith A, Coleman DL, Staatz WD, Sandweiss AJ, Joseph B, Hay M, Largent-Milnes TM, Vanderah TW. Angiotensin-(1-7) improves cognitive function and reduces inflammation in mice following mild traumatic brain injury. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:903980. [PMID: 35990729 PMCID: PMC9386567 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.903980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of disability in the US. Angiotensin 1-7 (Ang-1-7), an endogenous peptide, acts at the G protein coupled MAS1 receptors (MASR) to inhibit inflammatory mediators and decrease reactive oxygen species within the CNS. Few studies have identified whether Ang-(1-7) decreases cognitive impairment following closed TBI. This study examined the therapeutic effect of Ang-(1-7) on secondary injury observed in a murine model of mild TBI (mTBI) in a closed skull, single injury model. Materials and methods Male mice (n = 108) underwent a closed skull, controlled cortical impact injury. Two hours after injury, mice were administered either Ang-(1-7) (n = 12) or vehicle (n = 12), continuing through day 5 post-TBI, and tested for cognitive impairment on days 1-5 and 18. pTau, Tau, GFAP, and serum cytokines were measured at multiple time points. Animals were observed daily for cognition and motor coordination via novel object recognition. Brain sections were stained and evaluated for neuronal injury. Results Administration of Ang-(1-7) daily for 5 days post-mTBI significantly increased cognitive function as compared to saline control-treated animals. Cortical and hippocampal structures showed less damage in the presence of Ang-(1-7), while Ang-(1-7) administration significantly changed the expression of pTau and GFAP in cortical and hippocampal regions as compared to control. Discussion These are among the first studies to demonstrate that sustained administration of Ang-(1-7) following a closed-skull, single impact mTBI significantly improves neurologic outcomes, potentially offering a novel therapeutic modality for the prevention of long-term CNS impairment following such injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P. Bruhns
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Maha Ibrahim Sulaiman
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Michael Gaub
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Esther H. Bae
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Rachel B. Davidson Knapp
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Anna R. Larson
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Angela Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Deziree L. Coleman
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - William D. Staatz
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Alexander J. Sandweiss
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Bellal Joseph
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Meredith Hay
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Tally M. Largent-Milnes
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Todd W. Vanderah
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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12
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The potential role of renin-angiotensin system in mild traumatic brain injury. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:3353-3359. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05856-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Annoni F, Moro F, Caruso E, Zoerle T, Taccone FS, Zanier ER. Angiotensin-(1-7) as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Delayed Cerebral Ischemia in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Front Immunol 2022; 13:841692. [PMID: 35355989 PMCID: PMC8959484 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.841692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a substantial cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Moreover, survivors after the initial bleeding are often subject to secondary brain injuries and delayed cerebral ischemia, further increasing the risk of a poor outcome. In recent years, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been proposed as a target pathway for therapeutic interventions after brain injury. The RAS is a complex system of biochemical reactions critical for several systemic functions, namely, inflammation, vascular tone, endothelial activation, water balance, fibrosis, and apoptosis. The RAS system is classically divided into a pro-inflammatory axis, mediated by angiotensin (Ang)-II and its specific receptor AT1R, and a counterbalancing system, presented in humans as Ang-(1-7) and its receptor, MasR. Experimental data suggest that upregulation of the Ang-(1-7)/MasR axis might be neuroprotective in numerous pathological conditions, namely, ischemic stroke, cognitive disorders, Parkinson's disease, and depression. In the presence of SAH, Ang-(1-7)/MasR neuroprotective and modulating properties could help reduce brain damage by acting on neuroinflammation, and through direct vascular and anti-thrombotic effects. Here we review the role of RAS in brain ischemia, with specific focus on SAH and the therapeutic potential of Ang-(1-7).
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Annoni
- Laboratory of Acute Brain Injury and Therapeutic Strategies, Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital, Free University of Brussels, Anderlecht, Belgium
| | - Federico Moro
- Laboratory of Acute Brain Injury and Therapeutic Strategies, Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Caruso
- Laboratory of Acute Brain Injury and Therapeutic Strategies, Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso Zoerle
- Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Silvio Taccone
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital, Free University of Brussels, Anderlecht, Belgium
| | - Elisa R Zanier
- Laboratory of Acute Brain Injury and Therapeutic Strategies, Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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14
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Baron DH, Skrobot OA, Palmer JC, Sharma K, Kehoe P. The Renin Angiotensin System as a potential treatment target for Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2022; 39:473-486. [PMID: 35029131 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2021.0401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health concern and leading cause of death and disability in young adults in the UK and worldwide, however, there is a paucity of disease modifying therapies for the treatment of TBI. This review investigates the potential of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) as a treatment pathway for traumatic brain injury (TBI) in adults. Relevant electronic databases were searched on 18 December 2019, updated 16 May 2021. All English language articles with adult human or animal populations investigating RAS drugs as an intervention for TBI or reporting genetic evidence relevant to the RAS and TBI were screened. Eighteen preclinical RCTs (n=2269) and 2 clinical cohort studies (n=771) were included. Meta-analyses of 6 preclinical randomised-controlled trials (n=99) indicated candesartan improved neurological function short-term (<7 days: standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.19 - 1.03, I2=0%) and long-term (≥7 days: SMD 1.06, 95% CI 0.38; 1.73, I2=0%) post-TBI. Findings were similar for most secondary outcomes. There was a suggestion of benefit from other RAS-targeting drugs, although evidence was limited due to few small studies. There was insufficient evidence to enable strong assessment of these drugs on mortality post-TBI. We conclude that angiotensin-receptor blockers, especially candesartan, show positive outcomes post-TBI in preclinical studies with moderate quality of evidence (GRADE). More research into the effect of regulatory-RAS targeting drugs is needed. Clinical trials of candesartan following TBI are recommended, due to strong and consistent evidence of neuroprotection shown by these preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hendrik Baron
- University of Bristol, 1980, Dementia Research Group, Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Sciences, Bristol, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
| | - Olivia A Skrobot
- University of Bristol, 1980, Translational Health Sciences, Dementia Research Group, Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Sciences, Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
| | - Jennifer C Palmer
- University of Bristol, 1980, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.,University of Bristol, 1980, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
| | - Kanchan Sharma
- University of Bristol, 1980, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.,North Bristol NHS Trust, 1982, Neurology, Westbury on Trym, Bristol, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
| | - Patrick Kehoe
- University of Bristol, 1980, Translational Health Sciences, Dementia Research Group,, Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Sciences, Bristol, - None -, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, BS10 5NB.,University of Bristol;
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15
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Li T, Huang HY, Wang H, Gao CC, Liang H, Deng CL, Zhao X, Han YL, Zhou ML. Restoration of Brain Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Alleviates Neurological Deficits after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury via Mitigation of Pyroptosis and Apoptosis. J Neurotrauma 2021; 39:423-434. [PMID: 34861788 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2021.0382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinically, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is intensely activated in moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. Increased angiotensin II in circulatory blood after TBI can enter the brain through the disrupted blood-brain barrier. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is an enzyme that metabolizes angiotensin II into angiotensin (1-7), which has been shown to have neuroprotective results. However, the expression and role of ACE2 in the brain after TBI remains elusive. We found that ACE2 protein abundance was downregulated around the contusional area in the brains of both humans and mice. Endogenous ACE2 was expressed in neurons, astrocytes, and microglia in the cortex of the mouse brain. Administration of recombinant human ACE2 intracerebroventricularly alleviated neurological defects after TBI in mice. Treatment of recombinant human ACE2 suppressed TBI-induced increase of angiotensin II and the decrease of angiotensin (1-7) in the brain, mitigated neural cell death, reduced the activation of NLRP3 and Caspase3, decreased phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, and nuclear factor kappa B, and reduced inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β. Administration of ACE2 enzyme activator diminazene aceturate intraperitoneally rescued downregulation of ACE2 enzymatic activity and protein abundance in the brain. Diminazene aceturate treatment once per day in the acute stage after TBI alleviated long-term cognitive defects and neuronal loss in mice. Collectively, these results indicated that restoration of ACE2 alleviated neurological deficits after TBI by mitigation of pyroptosis and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Nanjing Medical University, 12461, Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine,, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China;
| | - Han-Yu Huang
- Nanjing Medical University, 12461, Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine,, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China;
| | - Handong Wang
- Nanjing Medical University, 12461, neurosurgery of jinling hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China;
| | - Chao-Chao Gao
- Nanjing Medical University, 12461, Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine,, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China;
| | - Hui Liang
- Nanjing University, 12581, Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China;
| | - Chu-Lei Deng
- Nanjing Jinling Hospital, 144990, Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China;
| | - Xin Zhao
- Nanjing University, 12581, Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China;
| | - Yan-Lin Han
- Nanjing University, 12581, Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China;
| | - Meng-Liang Zhou
- Nanjing University, 12581, Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China;
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16
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Echeverría-Rodríguez O, Godínez-Chaparro B, Gómez-García MV, Mata-Bermúdez A, Del Valle-Mondragón L, Gallardo-Ortíz IA, Villalobos-Molina R. Participation of angiotensin-(1-7) in exercise-induced analgesia in rats with neuropathic pain. Peptides 2021; 146:170670. [PMID: 34634392 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Exercise reduces neuropathic pain in animals and humans. Recent studies indicate that training exercise favors the synthesis and action of angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)), a vasoactive peptide of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), in various tissues. Interestingly, Ang-(1-7) also relieves neuropathic pain; however, it remains to be elucidated whether exercise mitigates this type of pain through Ang-(1-7). In this study, we investigated the role of Ang-(1-7) in exercise-induced analgesia in a neuropathic pain model. Male Wistar rats were ligated of lumbar spinal nerves (L5 and L6) or sham-operated. Then, they were subjected to acute (2-h) or chronic (4-week) exercise protocols. Tactile allodynia was evaluated before and after each exercise intervention. Microosmotic pumps were implanted subcutaneously for the release of Ang-(1-7) or A779 (selective Mas receptor (MasR; Ang-(1-7) receptor) antagonist). Plasma levels of Ang II and Ang-(1-7) were quantified by HPLC. Spinal nerve ligation (SNL) produced tactile allodynia. Both acute and chronic exercise reversed this neuropathic behavior. A779 treatment prevented the antiallodynic effect induced by each exercise protocol. SNL increased the plasma Ang II/Ang-(1-7) ratio; however, exercise did not modify it. Acute treatment with Ang-(1-7) via MasR mimicked exercise-mediated antinociception. Collectively, these results suggest that activation of the Ang-(1-7)/MasR axis of the RAS represents a potential novel mechanism by which exercise attenuates neuropathic pain in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Echeverría-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Beatriz Godínez-Chaparro
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - María V Gómez-García
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Mata-Bermúdez
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Leonardo Del Valle-Mondragón
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Itzell A Gallardo-Ortíz
- Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina y Carrera de Enfermería, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Rafael Villalobos-Molina
- Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina y Carrera de Enfermería, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
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17
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Mirzahosseini G, Ismael S, Ahmed HA, Ishrat T. Manifestation of renin angiotensin system modulation in traumatic brain injury. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1079-1086. [PMID: 33835385 PMCID: PMC8273091 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00728-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) alters brain function and is a crucial public health concern worldwide. TBI triggers the release of inflammatory mediators (cytokines) that aggravate cerebral damage, thereby affecting clinical prognosis. The renin angiotensin system (RAS) plays a critical role in TBI pathophysiology. RAS is widely expressed in many organs including the brain. Modulation of the RAS in the brain via angiotensin type 1 (AT1) and type 2 (AT2) receptor signaling affects many pathophysiological processes, including TBI. AT1R is highly expressed in neurons and astrocytes. The upregulation of AT1R mediates the effects of angiotensin II (ANG II) including release of proinflammatory cytokines, cell death, oxidative stress, and vasoconstriction. The AT2R, mainly expressed in the fetal brain during development, is also related to cognitive function. Activation of this receptor pathway decreases neuroinflammation and oxidative stress and improves overall cell survival. Numerous studies have illustrated the therapeutic potential of inhibiting AT1R and activating AT2R for treatment of TBI with variable outcomes. In this review, we summarize studies that describe the role of brain RAS signaling, through AT1R and AT2R in TBI, and its modulation with pharmacological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golnoush Mirzahosseini
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Medicine, 855 Monroe Avenue, Wittenborg Building, Room-231, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Saifudeen Ismael
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Medicine, 855 Monroe Avenue, Wittenborg Building, Room-231, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Heba A Ahmed
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Medicine, 855 Monroe Avenue, Wittenborg Building, Room-231, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Tauheed Ishrat
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Medicine, 855 Monroe Avenue, Wittenborg Building, Room-231, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
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18
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Rukavina Mikusic NL, Pineda AM, Gironacci MM. Angiotensin-(1-7) and Mas receptor in the brain. EXPLORATION OF MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.37349/emed.2021.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a key regulator of blood pressure and electrolyte homeostasis. Besides its importance as regulator of the cardiovascular function, the RAS has also been associated to the modulation of higher brain functions, including cognition, memory, depression and anxiety. For many years, angiotensin II (Ang II) has been considered the major bioactive component of the RAS. However, the existence of many other biologically active RAS components has currently been recognized, with similar, opposite, or distinct effects to those exerted by Ang II. Today, it is considered that the RAS is primarily constituted by two opposite arms. The pressor arm is composed by Ang II and the Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptor (AT1R), which mediates the vasoconstrictor, proliferative, hypertensive, oxidative and pro-inflammatory effects of the RAS. The depressor arm is mainly composed by Ang-(1-7), its Mas receptor (MasR) which mediates the depressor, vasodilatory, antiproliferative, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Ang-(1-7) and the AT2 receptor (AT2R), which opposes to the effects mediated by AT1R activation. Central Ang-(1-7) is implicated in the control of the cardiovascular function, thus participating in the regulation of blood pressure. Ang-(1-7) also exerts neuroprotective actions through MasR activation by opposing to the harmful effects of the Ang II/AT1R axis. This review is focused on the expression and regulation of the Ang-(1-7)/MasR axis in the brain, its main neuroprotective effects and the evidence regarding its involvement in the pathophysiology of several diseases at cardiovascular and neurological level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia L. Rukavina Mikusic
- Dpto. Química Biológica, IQUIFIB (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Angélica M. Pineda
- Dpto. Química Biológica, IQUIFIB (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela M. Gironacci
- Dpto. Química Biológica, IQUIFIB (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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19
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Tarudji AW, Gee CC, Romereim SM, Convertine AJ, Kievit FM. Antioxidant thioether core-crosslinked nanoparticles prevent the bilateral spread of secondary injury to protect spatial learning and memory in a controlled cortical impact mouse model of traumatic brain injury. Biomaterials 2021; 272:120766. [PMID: 33819812 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The secondary phase of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is partly caused by the release of excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) from the primary injury. However, there are currently no therapies that have been shown to reduce the secondary spread of injury beyond the primary insult. Nanoparticles offer the ability to rapidly accumulate and be retained in injured brain for improved target engagement. Here, we utilized systemically administered antioxidant thioether core-cross-linked nanoparticles (NP1) that scavenge and inactivate ROS to reduce this secondary spread of injury in a mild controlled cortical impact (CCI) mouse model of TBI. We found that NP1 treatment protected CCI mice from injury induced learning and memory deficits observed in the Morris water maze (MWM) test at 1-month post-CCI. This protection was likely a result of NP1-mediated reduction in oxidative stress in the ipsilateral hemisphere as determined by immunofluorescence imaging of markers of oxidative stress and the spread of neuroinflammation into the contralateral hippocampus as determined by immunofluorescence imaging of activated microglia and neuron-astrocyte-microglia triad formation. These data suggest NP1-mediated reduction in post-traumatic oxidative stress correlates with the reduction in the spread of injury to the contralateral hippocampus to protect spatial memory and learning in CCI mice. Therefore, these materials may offer an improved treatment strategy to reduce the secondary spread of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aria W Tarudji
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 200LW Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Connor C Gee
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 200LW Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Sarah M Romereim
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 200LW Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Anthony J Convertine
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 223 McNutt Hall, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA
| | - Forrest M Kievit
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 200LW Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA.
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20
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Attilio PJ, Snapper DM, Rusnak M, Isaac A, Soltis AR, Wilkerson MD, Dalgard CL, Symes AJ. Transcriptomic Analysis of Mouse Brain After Traumatic Brain Injury Reveals That the Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Candesartan Acts Through Novel Pathways. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:636259. [PMID: 33828448 PMCID: PMC8019829 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.636259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in complex pathological reactions, where the initial lesion is followed by secondary inflammation and edema. Our laboratory and others have reported that angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) have efficacy in improving recovery from traumatic brain injury in mice. Treatment of mice with a subhypotensive dose of the ARB candesartan results in improved functional recovery, and reduced pathology (lesion volume, inflammation and gliosis). In order to gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms through which candesartan improves recovery after controlled cortical impact injury (CCI), we performed transcriptomic profiling on brain regions after injury and drug treatment. We examined RNA expression in the ipsilateral hippocampus, thalamus and hypothalamus at 3 or 29 days post injury (dpi) treated with either candesartan (0.1 mg/kg) or vehicle. RNA was isolated and analyzed by bulk mRNA-seq. Gene expression in injured and/or candesartan treated brain region was compared to that in sham vehicle treated mice in the same brain region to identify genes that were differentially expressed (DEGs) between groups. The most DEGs were expressed in the hippocampus at 3 dpi, and the number of DEGs reduced with distance and time from the lesion. Among pathways that were differentially expressed at 3 dpi after CCI, candesartan treatment altered genes involved in angiogenesis, interferon signaling, extracellular matrix regulation including integrins and chromosome maintenance and DNA replication. At 29 dpi, candesartan treatment reduced the expression of genes involved in the inflammatory response. Some changes in gene expression were confirmed in a separate cohort of animals by qPCR. Fewer DEGs were found in the thalamus, and only one in the hypothalamus at 3 dpi. Additionally, in the hippocampi of sham injured mice, 3 days of candesartan treatment led to the differential expression of 384 genes showing that candesartan in the absence of injury had a powerful impact on gene expression specifically in the hippocampus. Our results suggest that candesartan has broad actions in the brain after injury and affects different processes at acute and chronic times after injury. These data should assist in elucidating the beneficial effect of candesartan on recovery from TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Attilio
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dustin M. Snapper
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Milan Rusnak
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Akira Isaac
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Anthony R. Soltis
- The American Genome Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Matthew D. Wilkerson
- The American Genome Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Clifton L. Dalgard
- The American Genome Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Aviva J. Symes
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
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21
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Mi X, Cao Y, Li Y, Li Y, Hong J, He J, Liang Y, Yang N, Liu T, Han D, Kuang C, Han Y, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Shi C, Guo X, Li Z. The Non-peptide Angiotensin-(1-7) Mimic AVE 0991 Attenuates Delayed Neurocognitive Recovery After Laparotomy by Reducing Neuroinflammation and Restoring Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity in Aged Rats. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:624387. [PMID: 33658918 PMCID: PMC7917118 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.624387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Delayed neurocognitive recovery (dNCR) after surgery is a common postoperative complication in older adult patients. Our previous studies have demonstrated that cognitive impairment after surgery involves an increase in the brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activity, including overactivation of the angiotensin 2/angiotensin receptor-1 (Ang II/AT1) axis, which provokes the disruption of the hippocampal blood-brain barrier (BBB). Nevertheless, the potential role of the counter-regulatory RAS axis, the Ang-(1–7)/Mas pathway, in dNCR remains unknown. Using an aged rat model of dNCR, we dynamically investigated the activity of both axes of the RAS following laparotomy. AVE 0991, a nonpeptide analog of Ang-(1–7), was administered intranasally immediately after laparotomy. We found that the elevation of Ang II, induced by surgery was accompanied by a decrease of Ang-(1–7) in the hippocampus, but not in the circulation. Surgery also significantly downregulated hippocampal Mas receptor expression at 24 h postsurgery. Mas activation with intranasal AVE 0991 treatment significantly improved hippocampus-dependent learning and memory deficits induced by surgery. Furthermore, it attenuated hippocampal neuroinflammation, as shown by the decreased level of the microglial activation marker cluster of differentiation 11b (CD11b) and the decreased production of several inflammatory molecules. Along with these beneficial effects, the AVE 0991 treatment also alleviated the imbalance between matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3), modulated the expression of occludin, and alleviated the IgG extravasation, thereby restoring the integrity of the BBB. In conclusion, these data indicate that activation of Mas by AVE 0991 attenuates dNCR after surgery by reducing neuroinflammation and restoring BBB integrity. Our findings suggest that the Ang-(1–7)/Mas pathway may be a novel therapeutic target for treating dNCR after surgery in older adult patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinning Mi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yiyun Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yitong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingshu Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jindan He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoxian Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Taotao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dengyang Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chongshen Kuang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzheng Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yajie Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chengmei Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyang Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengqian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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22
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McFall A, Nicklin SA, Work LM. The counter regulatory axis of the renin angiotensin system in the brain and ischaemic stroke: Insight from preclinical stroke studies and therapeutic potential. Cell Signal 2020; 76:109809. [PMID: 33059037 PMCID: PMC7550360 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is the 2nd leading cause of death worldwide and the leading cause of physical disability and cognitive issues. Although we have made progress in certain aspects of stroke treatment, the consequences remain substantial and new treatments are needed. Hypertension has long been recognised as a major risk factor for stroke, both haemorrhagic and ischaemic. The renin angiotensin system (RAS) plays a key role in blood pressure regulation and this, plus local expression and signalling of RAS in the brain, both support the potential for targeting this axis therapeutically in the setting of stroke. While historically, focus has been on suppressing classical RAS signalling through the angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R), the identification of a counter-regulatory axis of the RAS signalling via the angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT2R) and Mas receptor has renewed interest in targeting the RAS. This review describes RAS signalling in the brain and the potential of targeting the Mas receptor and AT2R in preclinical models of ischaemic stroke. The animal and experimental models, and the route and timing of intervention, are considered from a translational perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisling McFall
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Stuart A Nicklin
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lorraine M Work
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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23
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Li X, Xuan W, Chen D, Gao H, Wang G, Guo Q, Wang Y, Song H, Cai B. Research Progress of Alzheimer's Disease Therapeutic Drugs: Based on Renin-Angiotensin System Axis. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 78:1315-1338. [PMID: 33164932 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
It is widely recognized that Alzheimer's disease (AD) has a complicate link to renin-angiotensin system (RAS). It is known that cerebrovascular disease has some connections with AD, but most of the studies are still conducted in parallel or independently. Although previous research came up with large number of hypotheses about the pathogenesis of AD, it does not include the mechanism of RAS-related regulation of AD. It has been found that many components of RAS have been changed in AD. For example, the multifunctional and high-efficiency vasoconstrictor Ang II and Ang III with similar effects are changed under the action of other RAS signal peptides; these signal peptides are believed to help improve nerve injury and cognitive function. These changes may lead to neuropathological changes of AD, and progressive defects of cognitive function, which are association with some hypotheses of AD. The role of RAS in AD gradually attracts our attention, and RAS deserved to be considered carefully in the pathogenesis of AD. This review discusses the mechanisms of RAS participating in the three current hypotheses of AD: neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and amyloid-β protein (Aβ) hypothesis, as well as the drugs that regulate RAS systems already in clinical or in clinical trials. It further demonstrates the importance of RAS in the pathogenesis of AD, not only because of its multiple aspects of participation, which may be accidental, but also because of the availability of RAS drugs, which can be reused as therapies of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinquan Li
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Weiting Xuan
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Dabao Chen
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Huawu Gao
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Guangyun Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Qiaoru Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Hang Song
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Biao Cai
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
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24
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Vadhan JD, Speth RC. The role of the brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). Pharmacol Ther 2020; 218:107684. [PMID: 32956721 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is considerable interest in traumatic brain injury (TBI) induced by repeated concussions suffered by athletes in sports, military personnel from combat-and non-combat related activities, and civilian populations who suffer head injuries from accidents and domestic violence. Although the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is primarily a systemic cardiovascular regulatory system that, when dysregulated, causes hypertension and cardiovascular pathology, the brain contains a local RAS that plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of several neurodegenerative diseases. This local RAS includes receptors for angiotensin (Ang) II within the brain parenchyma, as well as on circumventricular organs outside the blood-brain-barrier. The brain RAS acts primarily via the type 1 Ang II receptor (AT1R), exacerbating insults and pathology. With TBI, the brain RAS may contribute to permanent brain damage, especially when a second TBI occurs before the brain recovers from an initial injury. Agents are needed that minimize the extent of injury from an acute TBI, reducing TBI-mediated permanent brain damage. This review discusses how activation of the brain RAS following TBI contributes to this damage, and how drugs that counteract activation of the AT1R including AT1R blockers (ARBs), renin inhibitors, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and agonists at type 2 Ang II receptors (AT2) and at Ang (1-7) receptors (Mas) can potentially ameliorate TBI-induced brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Vadhan
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States of America
| | - Robert C Speth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States of America; School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America.
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25
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Kangussu LM, Marzano LAS, Souza CF, Dantas CC, Miranda AS, Simões e Silva AC. The Renin-Angiotensin System and the Cerebrovascular Diseases: Experimental and Clinical Evidence. Protein Pept Lett 2020; 27:463-475. [DOI: 10.2174/0929866527666191218091823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular Diseases (CVD) comprise a wide spectrum of disorders, all sharing an
acquired or inherited alteration of the cerebral vasculature. CVD have been associated with
important changes in systemic and tissue Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS). The aim of this review
was to summarize and to discuss recent findings related to the modulation of RAS components in
CVD. The role of RAS axes is more extensively studied in experimentally induced stroke. By
means of AT1 receptors in the brain, Ang II hampers cerebral blood flow and causes tissue
ischemia, inflammation, oxidative stress, cell damage and apoptosis. On the other hand, Ang-(1-7)
by stimulating Mas receptor promotes angiogenesis in brain tissue, decreases oxidative stress,
neuroinflammation, and improves cognition, cerebral blood flow, neuronal survival, learning and
memory. In regard to clinical studies, treatment with Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE)
inhibitors and AT1 receptor antagonists exerts preventive and therapeutic effects on stroke. Besides
stroke, studies support a similar role of RAS molecules also in traumatic brain injury and cerebral
aneurysm. The literature supports a beneficial role for the alternative RAS axis in CVD. Further
studies are necessary to investigate the therapeutic potential of ACE2 activators and/or Mas
receptor agonists in patients with CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas M. Kangussu
- Department of Morphology – Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas Alexandre Santos Marzano
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation - Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Cássio Ferraz Souza
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation - Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Carolina Couy Dantas
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation - Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Aline Silva Miranda
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation - Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Simões e Silva
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation - Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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26
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Janatpour ZC, Symes AJ. The extended renin-angiotensin system: a promising target for traumatic brain injury therapeutics. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1025-1026. [PMID: 31823875 PMCID: PMC7034274 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.270304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aviva J. Symes
- Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
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27
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Karamyan VT. Peptidase neurolysin is an endogenous cerebroprotective mechanism in acute neurodegenerative disorders. Med Hypotheses 2019; 131:109309. [PMID: 31443781 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI) are significant clinical problems characterized by high rate of mortality and long-lasting disabilities, and an unmet need for new treatments. Current experimental stroke and TBI research are evolving to focus more on understanding the brain's self-protective mechanisms to meet the critical need of developing new therapies for these disorders. In this hypothesis-based manuscript, I provide several lines of evidence that peptidase neurolysin (Nln) is one of the brain's potent, self-protective mechanisms promoting preservation and recovery of the brain after acute injury. Based on published experimental observations and ongoing studies in our laboratory, I posit that Nln is a compensatory and cerebroprotective mechanism in the post-stroke/TBI brain that functions to process a diverse group of extracellular neuropeptides and by that to reduce excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, edema formation, blood brain barrier hyper-permeability, and neuroinflammation. If this hypothesis is correct, Nln could potentially serve as a single therapeutic target to modulate the function of multiple targets, the involved neuropeptide systems, critically involved in various mechanisms of brain injury and cerebroprotection/restoration. Such multi-pathway target would be highly desired for pharmacotherapy of stroke and TBI, because targeting one pathophysiological pathway has proven to be ineffective for such complex disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vardan T Karamyan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Blood Brain Barrier Research, School of Pharmacy, TTUHSC, Amarillo, TX, United States.
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