1
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Afshar A, Khoradmehr A, Zare A, Basouli N, Keshtkar M, Nabipour I, Mahdipour M, Mahmoudpour M, Kaliyev AA, Mussin NM, Baspakova A, Tamadon A. Histological evaluation of renal progenitor/stem cells, renal mesenchymal stem-like cells, and endothelial progenitor cells in chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease, and molecular docking analysis of drug-receptor interactions. Tissue Cell 2024; 90:102527. [PMID: 39181089 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are prevalent and debilitating conditions with a significant impact on patients' quality of life. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive investigation into the histological characteristics of renal progenitor/stem cells (RPCs), renal mesenchymal stem-like cells, and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in CKD and ESRD patients. Additionally, we performed a molecular docking analysis to explore potential drug-receptor interactions involving common medications prescribed to CKD patients. Our histological examination revealed a noteworthy increase in the number of CD24- and CD133-positive cells in CKD and ESRD patients, representing RPCs. These cells are implicated in kidney repair and regeneration, underscoring their potential role in CKD management. Moreover, we observed an elevation in the number of EPCs within the kidneys of CKD and ESRD patients, suggesting a protective role of EPCs in kidney preservation. The molecular docking analysis unveiled intriguing insights into potential drug interventions. Notably, digoxin exhibited the highest in-silico binding affinity to numerous receptors associated with the functions of RPCs, renal mesenchymal stem-like cells, and EPCs, emphasizing the potential multifaceted effects of this cardiac glycoside in CKD patients. Other drugs, including apixaban, glimepiride, and glibenclamide, also displayed strong in-silico affinities to specific receptors, indicating their potential influence on various renal cell functions. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the histological alterations in renal cell populations in CKD and ESRD patients and underscores the potential roles of RPCs and EPCs in kidney repair and preservation. The molecular docking analysis reveals the complex interactions between common drugs and renal cells, suggesting the need for further in-vitro and in-vivo research to fully understand these relationships. These findings contribute to our understanding of CKD and offer new avenues for research into potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Afshar
- Student Research Committee, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Arezoo Khoradmehr
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | | | - Nahid Basouli
- Student Research Committee, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | | | - Iraj Nabipour
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mahdipour
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mahmoudpour
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Asset A Kaliyev
- General Surgery, West-Kazakhstan Medical University named after Marat Ospanov, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
| | - Nadiar M Mussin
- General Surgery, West-Kazakhstan Medical University named after Marat Ospanov, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
| | - Akmaral Baspakova
- Department for Scientific Work, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
| | - Amin Tamadon
- PerciaVista R&D Co., Shiraz, Iran; Department of Natural Sciences, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan; Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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2
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Boutin L, Roger E, Gayat E, Depret F, Blot-Chabaud M, Chadjichristos CE. The role of CD146 in renal disease: from experimental nephropathy to clinics. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:11-21. [PMID: 37993561 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02392-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial dysfunction is a major risk factor in the development of renal diseases. Recent studies pointed out a major interest for the inter-endothelial junction protein CD146, as its expression is modulated during renal injury. Indeed, some complex mechanisms involving this adhesion molecule and its multiple ligands are observed in a large number of renal diseases in fundamental or clinical research. The purpose of this review is to summarize the most recent literature on the role of CD146 in renal pathophysiology, from experimental nephropathy to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Boutin
- FHU PROMICE AP-HP, Saint Louis and DMU Parabol, Critical Care Medicine and Burn Unit, AP-HP, Department of Anesthesiology, University Paris Cité, 75010, Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR-942, MASCOT, Cardiovascular Markers in Stress Condition, University Paris Cité, 75010, Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR-S1155, Bâtiment Recherche, Tenon Hospital, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020, Paris, France
| | - Elena Roger
- INSERM, UMR-S1155, Bâtiment Recherche, Tenon Hospital, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020, Paris, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne University, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Etienne Gayat
- FHU PROMICE AP-HP, Saint Louis and DMU Parabol, Critical Care Medicine and Burn Unit, AP-HP, Department of Anesthesiology, University Paris Cité, 75010, Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR-942, MASCOT, Cardiovascular Markers in Stress Condition, University Paris Cité, 75010, Paris, France
| | - François Depret
- FHU PROMICE AP-HP, Saint Louis and DMU Parabol, Critical Care Medicine and Burn Unit, AP-HP, Department of Anesthesiology, University Paris Cité, 75010, Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR-942, MASCOT, Cardiovascular Markers in Stress Condition, University Paris Cité, 75010, Paris, France
| | | | - Christos E Chadjichristos
- INSERM, UMR-S1155, Bâtiment Recherche, Tenon Hospital, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020, Paris, France.
- Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne University, 75013, Paris, France.
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3
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Chen L, Zhang N, Huang Y, Zhang Q, Fang Y, Fu J, Yuan Y, Chen L, Chen X, Xu Z, Li Y, Izawa H, Xiang C. Multiple Dimensions of using Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treating Liver Diseases: From Bench to Beside. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2192-2224. [PMID: 37498509 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10583-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Liver diseases impose a huge burden worldwide. Although hepatocyte transplantation has long been considered as a potential strategy for treating liver diseases, its clinical implementation has created some obvious limitations. As an alternative strategy, cell therapy, particularly mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation, is widely used in treating different liver diseases, including acute liver disease, acute-on-chronic liver failure, hepatitis B/C virus, autoimmune hepatitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Here, we summarize the status of MSC transplantation in treating liver diseases, focusing on the therapeutic mechanisms, including differentiation into hepatocyte-like cells, immunomodulating function with a variety of immune cells, paracrine effects via the secretion of various cytokines and extracellular vesicles, and facilitation of homing and engraftment. Some improved perspectives and current challenges are also addressed. In summary, MSCs have great potential in the treatment of liver diseases based on their multi-faceted characteristics, and more accurate mechanisms and novel therapeutic strategies stemming from MSCs will facilitate clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangxin Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiamin Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Chen
- Innovative Precision Medicine (IPM) Group, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311215, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Xu
- Innovative Precision Medicine (IPM) Group, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311215, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Hiromi Izawa
- Jingugaien Woman Life Clinic, Jingu-Gaien 3-39-5 2F, Shibuya-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Charlie Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China.
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China.
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4
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A novel type of mesenchymal stem cells derived from bovine metanephric mesenchyme. Tissue Cell 2022; 79:101970. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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5
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Zhang W, Gao C, Tsilosani A, Samarakoon R, Plews R, Higgins P. Potential renal stem/progenitor cells identified by in vivo lineage tracing. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 322:F379-F391. [PMID: 35100814 PMCID: PMC8934668 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00326.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian kidneys consist of more than 30 different types of cells. A challenging task is to identify and characterize the stem/progenitor subpopulations that establish the lineage relationships among these cellular elements during nephrogenesis in the embryonic and neonate kidneys and during tissue homeostasis and/or injury repair in the mature kidney. Moreover, the potential clinical utility of stem/progenitor cells holds promise for development of new regenerative medicine approaches for the treatment of renal diseases. Stem cells are defined by unlimited self-renewal capacity and pluripotentiality. Progenitor cells have pluripotentiality, but no or limited self-renewal potential. Cre-LoxP-based in vivo genetic lineage tracing is a powerful tool to identify the stem/progenitor cells in their native environment. Hypothetically, this technique enables investigators to accurately track the progeny of a single cell, or a group of cells. The Cre/loxP system has been widely employed to uncover the function of genes in various mammalian tissues and to identify stem/progenitor cells through in vivo lineage tracing analyses. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the development and characterization of various Cre drivers, and their use in identifying potential renal stem/progenitor cells in both developing and mature mouse kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzheng Zhang
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Akaki Tsilosani
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Rohan Samarakoon
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Robert Plews
- Department of General Surgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Paul Higgins
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
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6
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Schemann-Miguel F, Aloise AC, Gaiba S, Ferreira LM. Effect of Static Compressive Force on Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Activity in Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts. Open Dent J 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210602115010417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
The application of static compressive forces to periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) in vivo or in vitro has been linked to the expression of biochemical agents and local tissue modifications that could be involved in maintaining homeostasis during orthodontic movement. An approach used for identifying mesenchymal cells, or a subpopulation of progenitor cells in both tumoral and normal tissues, involves determining the activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). However, the role of subpopulations of PDLF-derived undifferentiated cells in maintaining homeostasis during tooth movement remains unclear.
Objective:
This study aimed at analyzing the effect of applying a static compressive force to PDLFs on the activity of ALDH in these cells.
Methods:
PDLFs were distributed into two groups: control group (CG), where fibroblasts were not submitted to compression, and experimental group (EG), where fibroblasts were submitted to a static compressive force of 4 g/mm2 for 6 hours. The compressive force was applied directly to the cells using a custom-built device. ALDH activity in the PDLFs was evaluated by a flow cytometry assay.
Results:
ALDH activity was observed in both groups, but was significantly lower in EG than in CG after the application of a static compressive force in the former.
Conclusion:
Application of a static compressive force to PDLFs decreased ALDH activity.
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7
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Shoushrah SH, Transfeld JL, Tonk CH, Büchner D, Witzleben S, Sieber MA, Schulze M, Tobiasch E. Sinking Our Teeth in Getting Dental Stem Cells to Clinics for Bone Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6387. [PMID: 34203719 PMCID: PMC8232184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental stem cells have been isolated from the medical waste of various dental tissues. They have been characterized by numerous markers, which are evaluated herein and differentiated into multiple cell types. They can also be used to generate cell lines and iPSCs for long-term in vitro research. Methods for utilizing these stem cells including cellular systems such as organoids or cell sheets, cell-free systems such as exosomes, and scaffold-based approaches with and without drug release concepts are reported in this review and presented with new pictures for clarification. These in vitro applications can be deployed in disease modeling and subsequent pharmaceutical research and also pave the way for tissue regeneration. The main focus herein is on the potential of dental stem cells for hard tissue regeneration, especially bone, by evaluating their potential for osteogenesis and angiogenesis, and the regulation of these two processes by growth factors and environmental stimulators. Current in vitro and in vivo publications show numerous benefits of using dental stem cells for research purposes and hard tissue regeneration. However, only a few clinical trials currently exist. The goal of this review is to pinpoint this imbalance and encourage scientists to pick up this research and proceed one step further to translation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Edda Tobiasch
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig- Strasse. 20, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany; (S.H.S.); (J.L.T.); (C.H.T.); (D.B.); (S.W.); (M.A.S.); (M.S.)
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8
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Huang J, Kong Y, Xie C, Zhou L. Stem/progenitor cell in kidney: characteristics, homing, coordination, and maintenance. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:197. [PMID: 33743826 PMCID: PMC7981824 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02266-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal failure has a high prevalence and is becoming a public health problem worldwide. However, the renal replacement therapies such as dialysis are not yet satisfactory for its multiple complications. While stem/progenitor cell-mediated tissue repair and regenerative medicine show there is light at the end of tunnel. Hence, a better understanding of the characteristics of stem/progenitor cells in kidney and their homing capacity would greatly promote the development of stem cell research and therapy in the kidney field and open a new route to explore new strategies of kidney protection. In this review, we generally summarize the main stem/progenitor cells derived from kidney in situ or originating from the circulation, especially bone marrow. We also elaborate on the kidney-specific microenvironment that allows stem/progenitor cell growth and chemotaxis, and comment on their interaction. Finally, we highlight potential strategies for improving the therapeutic effects of stem/progenitor cell-based therapy. Our review provides important clues to better understand and control the growth of stem cells in kidneys and develop new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiewu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yaozhong Kong
- Department of Nephrology, the First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Chao Xie
- Department of Nephrology, the First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Lili Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China.
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9
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Liu D, Cheng F, Pan S, Liu Z. Stem cells: a potential treatment option for kidney diseases. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:249. [PMID: 32586408 PMCID: PMC7318741 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01751-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of kidney diseases is emerging as a public health problem. Stem cells (SCs), currently considered as a promising tool for therapeutic application, have aroused considerable interest and expectations. With self-renewal capabilities and great potential for proliferation and differentiation, stem cell therapy opens new avenues for the development of renal function and structural repair in kidney diseases. Mounting evidence suggests that stem cells exert a therapeutic effect mainly by replacing damaged tissues and paracrine pathways. The benefits of various types of SCs in acute kidney disease and chronic kidney disease have been demonstrated in preclinical studies, and preliminary results of clinical trials present its safety and tolerability. This review will focus on the stem cell-based therapy approaches for the treatment of kidney diseases, including various cell sources used, possible mechanisms involved, and outcomes that are generated so far, along with prospects and challenges in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Medical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Medical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaokang Pan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Medical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangsuo Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China.
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China.
- Core Unit of National Clinical Medical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Ahmadi A, Rad NK, Ezzatizadeh V, Moghadasali R. Kidney Regeneration: Stem Cells as a New Trend. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 15:263-283. [DOI: 10.2174/1574888x15666191218094513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Renal disease is a major worldwide public health problem that affects one in ten people.
Renal failure is caused by the irreversible loss of the structural and functional units of kidney (nephrons)
due to acute and chronic injuries. In humans, new nephrons (nephrogenesis) are generated until
the 36th week of gestation and no new nephron develops after birth. However, in rodents, nephrogenesis
persists until the immediate postnatal period. The postnatal mammalian kidney can partly repair
their nephrons. The kidney uses intrarenal and extra-renal cell sources for maintenance and repair.
Currently, it is believed that dedifferentiation of surviving tubular epithelial cells and presence of resident
stem cells have important roles in kidney repair. Many studies have shown that stem cells obtained
from extra-renal sites such as the bone marrow, adipose and skeletal muscle tissues, in addition
to umbilical cord and amniotic fluid, have potential therapeutic benefits. This review discusses the
main mechanisms of renal regeneration by stem cells after a kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Ahmadi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar K. Rad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Ezzatizadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Moghadasali
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Collino F, Lopes JA, Tapparo M, Tortelote GG, Kasai-Brunswick TH, Lopes GM, Almeida DB, Skovronova R, Wendt CHC, de Miranda KR, Bussolati B, Vieyra A, Lindoso RS. Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Promote Renoprotection in Acute Kidney Injury Model. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020453. [PMID: 32079274 PMCID: PMC7072760 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) have been the focus of several studies due to their wide range of application, including in cellular therapy. The use of iPSC in regenerative medicine is limited by their tumorigenic potential. Extracellular vesicles (EV) derived from stem cells have been shown to support renal recovery after injury. However, no investigation has explored the potential of iPSC-EV in the treatment of kidney diseases. To evaluate this potential, we submitted renal tubule cells to hypoxia-reoxygenation injury, and we analyzed cell death rate and changes in functional mitochondria mass. An in vivo model of ischemia-reperfusion injury was used to evaluate morphological and functional alterations. Gene array profile was applied to investigate the mechanism involved in iPSC-EV effects. In addition, EV derived from adipose mesenchymal cells (ASC-EV) were also used to compare the potential of iPSC-EV in support of tissue recovery. The results showed that iPSC-EV were capable of reducing cell death and inflammatory response with similar efficacy than ASC-EV. Moreover, iPSC-EV protected functional mitochondria and regulated several genes associated with oxidative stress. Taken together, these results show that iPSC can be an alternative source of EV in the treatment of different aspects of kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Collino
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; (F.C.); (J.A.L.); (G.G.T.); (T.H.K.-B.); (G.M.C.L.); (D.B.A.)
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine-REGENERA, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Jarlene A. Lopes
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; (F.C.); (J.A.L.); (G.G.T.); (T.H.K.-B.); (G.M.C.L.); (D.B.A.)
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine-REGENERA, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging/CENABIO, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marta Tapparo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Giovane G. Tortelote
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; (F.C.); (J.A.L.); (G.G.T.); (T.H.K.-B.); (G.M.C.L.); (D.B.A.)
- Department of Pediatrics’ Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Taís H. Kasai-Brunswick
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; (F.C.); (J.A.L.); (G.G.T.); (T.H.K.-B.); (G.M.C.L.); (D.B.A.)
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine-REGENERA, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging/CENABIO, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gustavo M.C. Lopes
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; (F.C.); (J.A.L.); (G.G.T.); (T.H.K.-B.); (G.M.C.L.); (D.B.A.)
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine-REGENERA, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging/CENABIO, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Douglas B. Almeida
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; (F.C.); (J.A.L.); (G.G.T.); (T.H.K.-B.); (G.M.C.L.); (D.B.A.)
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine-REGENERA, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging/CENABIO, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata Skovronova
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy (B.B.)
| | - Camila H. C. Wendt
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; (F.C.); (J.A.L.); (G.G.T.); (T.H.K.-B.); (G.M.C.L.); (D.B.A.)
| | - Kildare R. de Miranda
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; (F.C.); (J.A.L.); (G.G.T.); (T.H.K.-B.); (G.M.C.L.); (D.B.A.)
- National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging/CENABIO, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology of Structural Biology and Bioimaging-INBEB, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Benedetta Bussolati
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy (B.B.)
| | - Adalberto Vieyra
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; (F.C.); (J.A.L.); (G.G.T.); (T.H.K.-B.); (G.M.C.L.); (D.B.A.)
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine-REGENERA, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging/CENABIO, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program of Translational Biomedicine/BIOTRANS, Grande Rio University, 25071-202 Duque de Caxias, Brazil
- Correspondence: (A.V.); (R.S.L.); Tel.: +55-21-3938-6521 (A.V.); +55-21-3938-6520 (R.S.L.)
| | - Rafael Soares Lindoso
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; (F.C.); (J.A.L.); (G.G.T.); (T.H.K.-B.); (G.M.C.L.); (D.B.A.)
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine-REGENERA, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging/CENABIO, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Correspondence: (A.V.); (R.S.L.); Tel.: +55-21-3938-6521 (A.V.); +55-21-3938-6520 (R.S.L.)
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12
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Kayhan Kuştepe E, Bahar L, Zayman E, Sucu N, Gül S, Gül M. A light microscopic investigation of the renoprotective effects of α-lipoic acid and α-tocopherol in an experimental diabetic rat model. Biotech Histochem 2020; 95:305-316. [PMID: 32013590 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2019.1695942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of α-lipoic acid (AL) and α-tocopherol (AT) on renal histopathology in a streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rat model. Adult male rats were divided into six groups: group 1, saline only; group 2, AL only; group 3, AT only; group 4, STZ only; group 5, STZ + AL; group 6 STZ + AT. Experimental diabetes was induced by STZ. AL and AT were administered for 15 days. Kidney sections were examined using a light microscope after hematoxylin and eosin (H & E), periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and caspase-3 staining. Histological damage to glomeruli, tubule epithelial cells and basement membrane was observed in group 4. Administration of AT and AL reduced renal injury in the diabetic rats. Group 5 exhibited a greater curative effect on diabetic rats than group 6. AT and AL may be useful for preventing diabetic renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Kayhan Kuştepe
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Leyla Bahar
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Emrah Zayman
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Nehir Sucu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Semir Gül
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Gül
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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13
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Potential Applications in Kidney Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102462. [PMID: 31109047 PMCID: PMC6566143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells constitute a pool of cells present throughout the lifetime in numerous niches, characteristic of unlimited replication potential and the ability to differentiate into mature cells of mesodermal tissues in vitro. The therapeutic potential of these cells is, however, primarily associated with their capabilities of inhibiting inflammation and initiating tissue regeneration. Owing to these properties, mesenchymal stem cells (derived from the bone marrow, subcutaneous adipose tissue, and increasingly urine) are the subject of research in the settings of kidney diseases in which inflammation plays the key role. The most advanced studies, with the first clinical trials, apply to ischemic acute kidney injury, renal transplantation, lupus and diabetic nephropathies, in which beneficial clinical effects of cells themselves, as well as their culture medium, were observed. The study findings imply that mesenchymal stem cells act predominantly through secreted factors, including, above all, microRNAs contained within extracellular vesicles. Research over the coming years will focus on this secretome as a possible therapeutic agent void of the potential carcinogenicity of the cells.
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14
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Burmeister DM, McIntyre MK, Montgomery RK, Gómez BI, Dubick MA. Isolation and Characterization of Multipotent CD24+ Cells From the Renal Papilla of Swine. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:250. [PMID: 30283781 PMCID: PMC6156461 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 100,000 patients in the United States are currently waiting for a kidney transplant. With just over 10,000 cadaveric kidneys transplanted annually, it is of the utmost importance to optimize kidney viability upon transplantation. One exciting avenue may be xenotransplantation, which has rejuvenated interest after advanced gene editing techniques have been successfully used in swine. Simultaneously, acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with high morbidity and mortality and currently lacks effective treatment. Animal models have been used extensively to address both of these issues, with recent emphasis on renal progenitor cells (RPCs). Due to anatomical similarities to humans we aimed to examine progenitor cells from the renal papillae of swine kidneys. To do this, RPCs were dissected from the renal papillae of healthy swine. Cell surface marker expression, proliferation, and differentiation of the RPCs were tested in vitro. Additionally, a mixed lymphocyte reaction was performed to examine immunomodulatory properties. RPCs displayed spindle shaped morphology with limited self-renewing capacity. Isolated RPCs were positive for CD24 and CD133 at early passages, but lost expression with subsequent passaging. Similarly, RPCs displayed myogenic, osteogenic, and adipogenic differentiation capacities at passage 2, but largely lost this by passage 6. Lastly, direct contact of RPCs with human lymphocytes increased release of IL6 and IL8. Taken together, RPCs from the papilla of porcine kidneys display transient stem cell properties that are lost with passaging, and either represent multiple types of progenitor cells, or a multipotent progenitor population. In instances of ischemic insult, augmentation of/with RPCs may potentiate regenerative properties of the kidney. While the use of swine for transplantation and ischemia studies confers obvious advantages, the populations of different progenitor cell populations within pig kidneys warrants further investigation. Ultimately, while gene editing techniques enhance the potential for xenotransplantation of organs or cells, the ultimate success of this strategy may be determined by the (dis)similarities of RPCs from different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Burmeister
- Damage Control Resuscitation, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Matthew K McIntyre
- Damage Control Resuscitation, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Robbie K Montgomery
- Damage Control Resuscitation, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Belinda I Gómez
- Damage Control Resuscitation, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Michael A Dubick
- Damage Control Resuscitation, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, San Antonio, TX, United States
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15
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Menon R, Otto EA, Kokoruda A, Zhou J, Zhang Z, Yoon E, Chen YC, Troyanskaya O, Spence JR, Kretzler M, Cebrián C. Single-cell analysis of progenitor cell dynamics and lineage specification in the human fetal kidney. Development 2018; 145:145/16/dev164038. [PMID: 30166318 PMCID: PMC6124540 DOI: 10.1242/dev.164038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian kidney develops through reciprocal interactions between the ureteric bud and the metanephric mesenchyme to give rise to the entire collecting system and the nephrons. Most of our knowledge of the developmental regulators driving this process arises from the study of gene expression and functional genetics in mice and other animal models. In order to shed light on human kidney development, we have used single-cell transcriptomics to characterize gene expression in different cell populations, and to study individual cell dynamics and lineage trajectories during development. Single-cell transcriptome analyses of 6414 cells from five individual specimens identified 11 initial clusters of specific renal cell types as defined by their gene expression profile. Further subclustering identifies progenitors, and mature and intermediate stages of differentiation for several renal lineages. Other lineages identified include mesangium, stroma, endothelial and immune cells. Novel markers for these cell types were revealed in the analysis, as were components of key signaling pathways driving renal development in animal models. Altogether, we provide a comprehensive and dynamic gene expression profile of the developing human kidney at the single-cell level. Summary: New markers for specific cell types in the developing human kidney are identified and computational approaches infer developmental trajectories and interrogate the complex network of signaling pathways and cellular transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajasree Menon
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Edgar A Otto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Austin Kokoruda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jian Zhou
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.,Graduate Program in Quantitative and Computational Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Zidong Zhang
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.,Graduate Program in Quantitative and Computational Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Euisik Yoon
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yu-Chih Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Olga Troyanskaya
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.,Flatiron Institute, Simons Foundation, New York, NY 10010, USA.,Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA .,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Matthias Kretzler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Cristina Cebrián
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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16
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Vizza D, Perri A, Toteda G, Lupinacci S, Perrotta I, Lofaro D, Leone F, Gigliotti P, La Russa A, Bonofiglio R. Rapamycin-induced autophagy protects proximal tubular renal cells against proteinuric damage through the transcriptional activation of the nerve growth factor receptor NGFR. Autophagy 2018; 14:1028-1042. [PMID: 29749806 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1448740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental evidence demonstrated that macroautophagy/autophagy exerts a crucial role in maintain renal cellular homeostasis and represents a protective mechanism against renal injuries. Interestingly, it has been demonstrated that in the human proximal tubular renal cell line, HK-2, the MTOR inhibitor rapamycin enhanced autophagy and mitigated the apoptosis damage induced by urinary protein overload. However, the underlying molecular mechanism has not yet been elucidated. In our study we demonstrated, for the first time, that in HK-2 cells, the exposure to low doses of rapamycin transactivated the NGFR promoter, leading to autophagic activation. Indeed, we observed that in HK-2 cells silenced for the NGFR gene, the rapamycin-induced autophagic process was prevented, as the upregulation of the proautophagic markers, BECN1, as well as LC3-II, and the autophagic vacuoles evaluated by transmission electron microscopy, were not found. Concomitantly, using a series of deletion constructs of the NGFR promoter we found that the EGR1 transcription factor was responsible for the rapamycin-mediated transactivation of the NGFR promoter. Finally, our results provided evidence that the cotreatment with rapamycin plus albumin further enhanced autophagy via NGFR activation, reducing the proapoptotic events promoted by albumin alone. This effect was prevented in HK-2 cells silenced for the NGFR gene or pretreated with the MTOR activator, MHY1485. Taken together, our results describe a novel molecular mechanism by which rapamycin-induced autophagy, mitigates the tubular renal damage caused by proteinuria, suggesting that the use of low doses of rapamycin could represent a new therapeutic strategy to counteract the tubule-interstitial injury observed in patients affected by proteinuric nephropathies, avoiding the side effects of high doses of rapamycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Vizza
- a Kidney and Transplantation Research Center , UOC Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation , Annunziata Hospital, F. Migliori, Cosenza , CS , Italy
| | - A Perri
- a Kidney and Transplantation Research Center , UOC Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation , Annunziata Hospital, F. Migliori, Cosenza , CS , Italy
| | - G Toteda
- a Kidney and Transplantation Research Center , UOC Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation , Annunziata Hospital, F. Migliori, Cosenza , CS , Italy
| | - S Lupinacci
- a Kidney and Transplantation Research Center , UOC Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation , Annunziata Hospital, F. Migliori, Cosenza , CS , Italy
| | - I Perrotta
- b Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, Transmission Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis , University of Calabria , Rende , Italy
| | - D Lofaro
- a Kidney and Transplantation Research Center , UOC Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation , Annunziata Hospital, F. Migliori, Cosenza , CS , Italy
| | - F Leone
- a Kidney and Transplantation Research Center , UOC Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation , Annunziata Hospital, F. Migliori, Cosenza , CS , Italy
| | - P Gigliotti
- a Kidney and Transplantation Research Center , UOC Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation , Annunziata Hospital, F. Migliori, Cosenza , CS , Italy
| | - A La Russa
- a Kidney and Transplantation Research Center , UOC Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation , Annunziata Hospital, F. Migliori, Cosenza , CS , Italy
| | - R Bonofiglio
- a Kidney and Transplantation Research Center , UOC Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation , Annunziata Hospital, F. Migliori, Cosenza , CS , Italy
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17
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Lithium induces mesenchymal-epithelial differentiation during human kidney development by activation of the Wnt signalling system. Cell Death Discov 2018. [PMID: 29531810 PMCID: PMC5841285 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-017-0021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney function is directly linked to the number of nephrons which are generated until 32–36 weeks gestation in humans. Failure to make nephrons during development leads to congenital renal malformations, whilst nephron loss in adulthood occurs in progressive renal disease. Therefore, an understanding of the molecular processes which underlie human nephron development may help design new treatments for renal disease. Mesenchyme to epithelial transition (MET) is critical for forming nephrons, and molecular pathways which control rodent MET have been identified. However, we do not know whether they are relevant in human kidney development. In this study, we isolated mesenchymal cell lines derived from human first trimester kidneys in monolayer culture and investigated their differentiation potential. We found that the mesenchymal cells could convert into osteogenic, but not adipogenic or endothelial lineages. Furthermore, addition of lithium chloride led to MET which was accompanied by increases in epithelial (CDH1) and tubular (ENPEP) markers and downregulation of renal progenitor (SIX2, EYA1, CD133) and mesenchymal markers (HGF, CD24). Prior to phenotypic changes, lithium chloride altered Wnt signalling with elevations in AXIN2, GSK3β phosphorylation and β-catenin. Collectively, these studies provide the first evidence that lithium-induced Wnt activation causes MET in human kidneys. Therapies targeting Wnts may be critical in the quest to regenerate nephrons for human renal diseases.
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18
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Leuning DG, Lievers E, Reinders MEJ, van Kooten C, Engelse MA, Rabelink TJ. A Novel Clinical Grade Isolation Method for Human Kidney Perivascular Stromal Cells. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28809840 PMCID: PMC5614134 DOI: 10.3791/55841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) are tissue homeostatic and immune modulatory cells that have shown beneficial effects in kidney diseases and transplantation. Perivascular Stromal Cells (PSCs) share characteristics with bone marrow MSCs (bmMSCs). However, they also possess, most likely due to local imprinting, tissue-specific properties and play a role in local tissue homeostasis. This tissue specificity may result in tissue specific repair, also within the human kidney. We previously showed that human kidney PSCs (kPSCs) have enhanced kidney epithelial wound healing whereas bmMSCs did not have this potential. Moreover, kPSCs can ameliorate kidney injury in vivo. Therefore, kPSCs constitute an interesting source for cell therapy, particularly for kidney diseases and renal transplantation. Here we show the detailed isolation and culture method for kPSCs from transplant-grade human kidneys based on whole-organ perfusion of digestive enzymes via the renal artery and enrichment for the perivascular marker NG2. In this way, large cell quantities can be obtained that are suitable for cellular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ellen Lievers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre
| | | | - Cees van Kooten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre
| | - Marten A Engelse
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre
| | - Ton J Rabelink
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre;
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19
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Roushandeh AM, Bahadori M, Roudkenar MH. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-based Therapy as a New Horizon for Kidney Injuries. Arch Med Res 2017. [PMID: 28625316 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Today, the prevalence of kidney diseases is increasing around the world, but there has still been no effective medical treatment. The therapeutic choices are confined to supportive cares and preventive strategies. Currently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-based cell therapy was proposed for the treatment of kidney injuries. However, after the transplantation of MSCs, they are exposed to masses of cytotoxic factors involving an inflammatory cytokine storm, a nutritionally-poor hypoxic environment and oxidative stresses that finally lead to minimize the efficacy of MSCs based cell therapy. Therefore, several innovative strategies were developed in order to potentiate MSCs to withstand the unfavorable microenvironments of the injured kidney tissues and improve their therapeutic potentials. This review aims to introduce MSCs as a new modality in the treatment of renal failure. Here, we discuss the clinical trials of MSCs-based therapy in kidney diseases as well as the in vivo studies dealing with MSCs application in kidney injuries mainly from the proliferation, differentiation, migration and survival points of view. The obstacles and challenges of this new modality in kidney injuries are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marzie Bahadori
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Paramedicine Faculty, Guilan University of Medical Sciences Rasht, Iran.
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20
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Green L, Ofstein RH, Rapp B, Saadatzadeh MR, Bhavsar JR, Fajardo A, Dalsing MC, Ingram DA, Murphy MP. Adult venous endothelium is a niche for highly proliferative and vasculogenic endothelial colony-forming cells. J Vasc Surg 2017; 66:1854-1863. [PMID: 28655551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2016.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Postnatal resident endothelium of blood vessels has been proposed to represent terminally differentiated tissue that does not replicate. We previously isolated endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) from human umbilical cord blood (CB) and term placenta by using colony-forming assays and immunocytochemistry. We showed that ECFCs are highly proliferative and form functioning vessels in vivo, the defining characteristics of a true endothelial progenitor cell. This exploratory investigation was conducted to determine whether the endothelium of healthy adult blood vessels contained resident ECFCs. METHODS The endothelium of great saphenous vein (GSV) obtained from vein stripping procedures was collected with mechanical scraping, and ECFCs were isolated according to established protocols. RESULTS GSV ECFCs incorporated acetylated low-density lipoprotein, formed tubules in Matrigel (BD Biosciences, San Jose, Calif) at 24 hours, and expressed endothelial antigens cluster of differentiation (CD) 144, CD31, CD105, and kinase insert domain receptor but not hematopoietic antigen CD45. Using cumulative population doublings and single-cell assays, we demonstrated that GSV ECFCs exhibited comparable proliferative capacities compared with CB ECFCs, including similar numbers of highly proliferative cells. When injected in collagen/fibronectin gels implanted in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immune deficiency mice, GSV ECFCs formed blood vessels with circulating murine red blood cells, demonstrating their vasculogenic potential. CONCLUSIONS The ECFCs of the GSV contain a hierarchy of progenitor cells with a comparable number of highly proliferative clones as ECFCs of CB. The results of this investigation demonstrate that the adult endothelium contains resident progenitor cells that may have a critical role in vascular homeostasis and repair and could potentially be used as a source of autologous cells for cell therapies focusing on vasculogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linden Green
- Health Center for Aortic Disease, Indiana University Health Center for Aortic Disease, Indianapolis, Ind; Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University Health Center for Aortic Disease, Indianapolis, Ind.
| | - Richard H Ofstein
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University Health Center for Aortic Disease, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Brian Rapp
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University Health Center for Aortic Disease, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - M Reza Saadatzadeh
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University Health Center for Aortic Disease, Indianapolis, Ind; Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine, Indiana University Health Center for Aortic Disease, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Janak R Bhavsar
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University Health Center for Aortic Disease, Indianapolis, Ind; Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine, Indiana University Health Center for Aortic Disease, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Andres Fajardo
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University Health Center for Aortic Disease, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Michael C Dalsing
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University Health Center for Aortic Disease, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - David A Ingram
- Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine, Indiana University Health Center for Aortic Disease, Indianapolis, Ind; Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University Health Center for Aortic Disease, Indianapolis, Ind; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University Health Center for Aortic Disease, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Michael P Murphy
- Health Center for Aortic Disease, Indiana University Health Center for Aortic Disease, Indianapolis, Ind; Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University Health Center for Aortic Disease, Indianapolis, Ind; Department of Surgery, Indiana University Health Center for Aortic Disease, Indianapolis, Ind; Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine, Indiana University Health Center for Aortic Disease, Indianapolis, Ind
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21
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Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are a heterogeneous population of microparticles released by virtually all living cells which have been recently widely investigated in different biological fields. They are typically composed of two primary types (exosomes and microvesicles) and are recently commanding increasing attention as mediators of cellular signaling. Indeed, these vesicles can affect recipient cells by carrying and delivering complex cargos of biomolecules (including proteins, lipids and nucleic acids), protected from enzymatic degradation in the environment. Their importance has been demonstrated in the pathophysiology of several organs, in particular in kidney, where different cell types secrete extracellular vesicles that mediate their communication with downstream urinary tract cells. Over the past few years, evidence has been shown that vesicles participate in kidney development and normal physiology. Moreover, EVs are widely demonstrated to be implicated in cellular signaling during renal regenerative and pathological processes. Although many EV mechanisms are still poorly understood, in particular in kidney, the discovery of their role could help to shed light on renal biological processes which are so far elusive. Lastly, extracellular vesicles secreted by renal cells gather in urine, thus becoming a great resource for disease or recovery markers and a promising non-invasive diagnostic instrument for renal disease. In the present review, we discuss the most recent findings on the role of extracellular vesicles in renal physiopathology and their potential implication in diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Gai
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, University of TurinTurin, Italy
| | - Benedetta Bussolati
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of TurinTurin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, University of TurinTurin, Italy
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22
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Ranghino A, Bruno S, Bussolati B, Moggio A, Dimuccio V, Tapparo M, Biancone L, Gontero P, Frea B, Camussi G. The effects of glomerular and tubular renal progenitors and derived extracellular vesicles on recovery from acute kidney injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:24. [PMID: 28173878 PMCID: PMC5297206 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0478-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and renal stem/progenitors improve the recovery of acute kidney injury (AKI) mainly through the release of paracrine mediators including the extracellular vesicles (EVs). Several studies have reported the existence of a resident population of MSCs within the glomeruli (Gl-MSCs). However, their contribution towards kidney repair still remains to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether Gl-MSCs and Gl-MSC-EVs promote the recovery of AKI induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in SCID mice. Moreover, the effects of Gl-MSCs and Gl-MSC-EVs were compared with those of CD133+ progenitor cells isolated from human tubules of the renal cortical tissue (T-CD133+ cells) and their EVs (T-CD133+-EVs). Methods IRI was performed in mice by clamping the left renal pedicle for 35 minutes together with a right nephrectomy. Immediately after reperfusion, the animals were divided in different groups to be treated with: Gl-MSCs, T-CD133+ cells, Gl-MSC-EVs, T-CD133+-EVs or vehicle. To assess the role of vesicular RNA, EVs were either isolated by floating to avoid contamination of non-vesicles-associated RNA or treated with a high dose of RNase. Mice were sacrificed 48 hours after surgery. Results Gl-MSCs, and Gl-MSC-EVs both ameliorate kidney function and reduce the ischemic damage post IRI by activating tubular epithelial cell proliferation. Furthermore, T-CD133+ cells, but not their EVs, also significantly contributed to the renal recovery after IRI compared to the controls. Floating EVs were effective while RNase-inactivated EVs were ineffective. Analysis of the EV miRnome revealed that Gl-MSC-EVs selectively expressed a group of miRNAs, compared to EVs derived from fibroblasts, which were biologically ineffective in IRI. Conclusions In this study, we demonstrate that Gl-MSCs may contribute in the recovery of mice with AKI induced by IRI primarily through the release of EVs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0478-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ranghino
- Department of Medical Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Corso Dogliotti 14, Torino, 10126, Italy.
| | - Stefania Bruno
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Benedetta Bussolati
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Aldo Moggio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Veronica Dimuccio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Marta Tapparo
- Department of Medical Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Corso Dogliotti 14, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Luigi Biancone
- Department of Medical Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Corso Dogliotti 14, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Paolo Gontero
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Bruno Frea
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Corso Dogliotti 14, Torino, 10126, Italy
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23
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de Almeida DC, Bassi ÊJ, Azevedo H, Anderson L, Origassa CST, Cenedeze MA, de Andrade-Oliveira V, Felizardo RJF, da Silva RC, Hiyane MI, Semedo P, Dos Reis MA, Moreira-Filho CA, Verjovski-Almeida S, Pacheco-Silva Á, Câmara NOS. A Regulatory miRNA-mRNA Network Is Associated with Tissue Repair Induced by Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Acute Kidney Injury. Front Immunol 2017; 7:645. [PMID: 28096802 PMCID: PMC5206861 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) orchestrate tissue repair by releasing cell-derived microvesicles (MVs), which, presumably by small RNA species, modulate global gene expression. The knowledge of miRNA/mRNA signatures linked to a reparative status may elucidate some of the molecular events associated with MSC protection. Here, we used a model of cisplatin-induced kidney injury (acute kidney injury) to assess how MSCs or MVs could restore tissue function. MSCs and MVs presented similar protective effects, which were evidenced in vivo and in vitro by modulating apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and a set of prosurvival molecules. In addition, we observed that miRNAs (i.e., miR-880, miR-141, miR-377, and miR-21) were modulated, thereby showing active participation on regenerative process. Subsequently, we identified that MSC regulates a particular miRNA subset which mRNA targets are associated with Wnt/TGF-β, fibrosis, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition signaling pathways. Our results suggest that MSCs release MVs that transcriptionally reprogram injured cells, thereby modulating a specific miRNA–mRNA network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Candido de Almeida
- Departamento de Medicina, Divisão de Nefrologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ênio Jose Bassi
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Hatylas Azevedo
- Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Letícia Anderson
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Antônio Cenedeze
- Departamento de Medicina, Divisão de Nefrologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | | | | | - Reinaldo Correia da Silva
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Meire Ioshie Hiyane
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Patricia Semedo
- Departamento de Medicina, Divisão de Nefrologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | | | | | - Sergio Verjovski-Almeida
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Álvaro Pacheco-Silva
- Departamento de Medicina, Divisão de Nefrologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara
- Departamento de Medicina, Divisão de Nefrologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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24
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Allogenic kidney transplantation use is limited because of a shortage of kidney organ donors and the risks associated with a long-term immunosuppression. An emerging treatment prospect is autologous transplants of ex vivo produced human kidneys. Here we will review the research advances in this area. RECENT FINDINGS The creation of human induced pluripotent cells (iPSCs) from somatic cells and the emergence of several differentiation protocols that are able to convert iPSCs cells into self-organizing kidney organoids are two large steps toward assembling a human kidney in vitro. Several groups have successfully generated urine-producing kidney organoids upon transplantation in a mouse host. Additional advances in culturing nephron progenitors in vitro may provide another source for kidney engineering, and the emergence of genome editing technology will facilitate correction of congenital mutations. SUMMARY Basic research into the development of metanephric kidneys and iPSC differentiation protocols, the therapeutic use of iPSCs, along with emergence of new technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing have accelerated a trend that may prove transformative in the treatment of ESRD and congenital kidney disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oded Volovelsky
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Raphael Kopan
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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25
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Chade AR, Hall JE. Role of the Renal Microcirculation in Progression of Chronic Kidney Injury in Obesity. Am J Nephrol 2016; 44:354-367. [PMID: 27771702 DOI: 10.1159/000452365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is largely responsible for the growing incidence and prevalence of diabetes, cardiovascular and renal diseases. Current strategies to prevent and treat obesity and its consequences have been insufficient to reverse the ongoing trends. Lifestyle modification or pharmacological therapies often produce modest weight loss which is not sustained and recurrence of obesity is frequently observed, leading to progression of target organ damage in many obese subjects. Therefore, research efforts have focused not only on the factors that regulate energy balance, but also on understanding mechanisms of target organ injury in obesity. Summary and Key Message: Microvascular (MV) disease plays a pivotal role in progressive kidney injury from different etiologies such as hypertension, diabetes, and atherosclerosis, which are all important consequences of chronic obesity. The MV networks are anatomical units that are closely adapted to specific functions of nutrition and removal of waste in every organ. Damage of the small vessels in several tissues and organs has been reported in obesity and may increase cardio-renal risk. However, the mechanisms by which obesity and its attendant cardiovascular and metabolic consequences interact to cause renal MV injury and chronic kidney disease are still unclear, although substantial progress has been made in recent years. This review addresses potential mechanisms and consequences of obesity-induced renal MV injury as well as current treatments that may provide protection of the renal microcirculation and slow progressive kidney injury in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro R Chade
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Excellence in Cardiovascular-Renal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Miss., USA
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26
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Leuning DG, Reinders ME, Li J, Peired AJ, Lievers E, de Boer HC, Fibbe WE, Romagnani P, van Kooten C, Little MH, Engelse MA, Rabelink TJ. Clinical-Grade Isolated Human Kidney Perivascular Stromal Cells as an Organotypic Cell Source for Kidney Regenerative Medicine. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 6:405-418. [PMID: 28191776 PMCID: PMC5442810 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2016-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are immunomodulatory and tissue homeostatic cells that have shown beneficial effects in kidney diseases and transplantation. Perivascular stromal cells (PSCs) identified within several different organs share characteristics of bone marrow‐derived MSCs (BM‐MSCs). These PSCs may also possess tissue‐specific properties and play a role in local tissue homeostasis. We hypothesized that human kidney‐derived PSCs (hkPSCs) would elicit improved kidney repair in comparison with BM‐MSCs. Here we introduce a novel, clinical‐grade isolation method of hkPSCs from cadaveric kidneys by enriching for the perivascular marker, NG2. hkPSCs show strong transcriptional similarities to BM‐MSCs but also show organotypic expression signatures, including the HoxD10 and HoxD11 nephrogenic transcription factors. Comparable to BM‐MSCs, hkPSCs showed immunosuppressive potential and, when cocultured with endothelial cells, vascular plexus formation was supported, which was specifically in the hkPSCs accompanied by an increased NG2 expression. hkPSCs did not undergo myofibroblast transformation after exposure to transforming growth factor‐β, further corroborating their potential regulatory role in tissue homeostasis. This was further supported by the observation that hkPSCs induced accelerated repair in a tubular epithelial wound scratch assay, which was mediated through hepatocyte growth factor release. In vivo, in a neonatal kidney injection model, hkPSCs reintegrated and survived in the interstitial compartment, whereas BM‐MSCs did not show this potential. Moreover, hkPSCs gave protection against the development of acute kidney injury in vivo in a model of rhabdomyolysis‐mediated nephrotoxicity. Overall, this suggests a superior therapeutic potential for the use of hkPSCs and their secretome in the treatment of kidney diseases. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:405–418
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniëlle G. Leuning
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marlies E.J. Reinders
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joan Li
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anna J. Peired
- Excellence Centre for Research, Transfer and High Education for the Development of DE NOVO Therapies, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental, and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ellen Lievers
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hetty C. de Boer
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Willem E. Fibbe
- Department of Immunology and Hematology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paola Romagnani
- Excellence Centre for Research, Transfer and High Education for the Development of DE NOVO Therapies, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental, and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Cees van Kooten
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology and Hematology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Melissa H. Little
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marten A. Engelse
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ton J. Rabelink
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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27
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Kidney Disease: A Review of Clinical Evidence. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:4798639. [PMID: 27721835 PMCID: PMC5046016 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4798639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells form a population of self-renewing, multipotent cells that can be isolated from several tissues. Multiple preclinical studies have demonstrated that the administration of exogenous MSC could prevent renal injury and could promote renal recovery through a series of complex mechanisms, in particular via immunomodulation of the immune system and release of paracrine factors and microvesicles. Due to their therapeutic potentials, MSC are being evaluated as a possible player in treatment of human kidney disease, and an increasing number of clinical trials to assess the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of MSC-based therapy in various kidney diseases have been proposed. In the present review, we will summarize the current knowledge on MSC infusion to treat acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and kidney transplantation. The data obtained from these clinical trials will provide further insight into safety, feasibility, and efficacy of MSC-based therapy in renal pathologies and allow the design of consensus protocol for clinical purpose.
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28
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Myszczyszyn A, Czarnecka AM, Matak D, Szymanski L, Lian F, Kornakiewicz A, Bartnik E, Kukwa W, Kieda C, Szczylik C. The Role of Hypoxia and Cancer Stem Cells in Renal Cell Carcinoma Pathogenesis. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2016. [PMID: 26210994 PMCID: PMC4653234 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-015-9611-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The cancer stem cell (CSC) model has recently been approached also in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). A few populations of putative renal tumor-initiating cells (TICs) were identified, but they are indifferently understood; however, the first and most thoroughly investigated are CD105-positive CSCs. The article presents a detailed comparison of all renal CSC-like populations identified by now as well as their presumable origin. Hypoxic activation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) contributes to tumor aggressiveness by multiple molecular pathways, including the governance of immature stem cell-like phenotype and related epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)/de-differentiation, and, as a result, poor prognosis. Due to intrinsic von Hippel-Lindau protein (pVHL) loss of function, clear-cell RCC (ccRCC) develops unique pathological intra-cellular pseudo-hypoxic phenotype with a constant HIF activation, regardless of oxygen level. Despite satisfactory evidence concerning pseudo-hypoxia importance in RCC biology, its influence on putative renal CSC-like largely remains unknown. Thus, the article discusses a current knowledge of HIF-1α/2α signaling pathways in the promotion of undifferentiated tumor phenotype in general, including some experimental findings specific for pseudo-hypoxic ccRCC, mostly dependent from HIF-2α oncogenic functions. Existing gaps in understanding both putative renal CSCs and their potential connection with hypoxia need to be filled in order to propose breakthrough strategies for RCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Myszczyszyn
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna M Czarnecka
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Damian Matak
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland.,School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Szymanski
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland.,Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Fei Lian
- Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anna Kornakiewicz
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland.,School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of General Surgery and Transplantology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Bartnik
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kukwa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Czerniakowski Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Claudine Kieda
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, Orléans, France
| | - Cezary Szczylik
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland
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29
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Transcriptomic Analysis of Adult Renal Derived Mesenchymal Stem-Like Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2016. [PMID: 27236692 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3584-0_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from bone marrow or adult tissues are widely studied to evaluate their potential for tissue repair. Differences in tissue of origin, donor variation, or in vitro handling exist and it is still unclear how they affect cell function and regenerative potential. Large-scale gene expression analysis of these cells not only allows researchers to compare and contrast the differences between each MSC subset but also allows for the development of better analytical tools for their characterization and utilization. Here, we describe a protocol for transcriptomics analysis of MSC-like cells derived from adult kidneys.
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30
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Kramann R. Hedgehog Gli signalling in kidney fibrosis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2016; 31:1989-1995. [PMID: 27229466 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfw102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney fibrosis is the common final pathway of virtually all progressive injury to the kidney and a promising therapeutic target in chronic kidney disease (CKD). The Hedgehog pathway has been reported to be critical in kidney development, and recent evidence suggests a role in kidney injury and fibrosis. This review provides an overview of recent data suggesting an important role of Gli transcriptional activators in kidney injury and repair. We have reported that the hedgehog transcriptional activator Gli1 specifically marks perivascular mesenchymal stem cells, which are an important source of kidney myofibroblasts. Genetic ablation of these cells ameliorated kidney and heart fibrosis and stabilized organ function after injury. Recent data suggest that Gli2 is an important driver of myofibroblast cell cycle progression and a promising therapeutic target in kidney fibrosis progression and CKD. However, the non-canonical mechanism of Gli activation in kidney fibrosis remains an open question, and further studies are needed to elucidate the role of Hedgehog Gli and Gli1+ perivascular cells in human kidney fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Kramann
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelstr 30, Aachen 52074, Germany
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31
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Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a 21-amino acid peptide with mitogenic and powerful vasoconstricting properties. Under healthy conditions, ET-1 is expressed constitutively in all cells of the glomerulus and participates in homeostasis of glomerular structure and filtration function. Under disease conditions, increases in ET-1 are critically involved in initiating and maintaining glomerular inflammation, glomerular basement membrane hypertrophy, and injury of podocytes (visceral epithelial cells), thereby promoting proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis. Here, we review the role of ET-1 in the function of glomerular endothelial cells, visceral (podocytes) and parietal epithelial cells, mesangial cells, the glomerular basement membrane, stromal cells, inflammatory cells, and mesenchymal stem cells. We also discuss molecular mechanisms by which ET-1, predominantly through activation of the ETA receptor, contributes to injury to glomerular cells, and review preclinical and clinical evidence supporting its pathogenic role in glomerular injury in chronic renal disease. Finally, the therapeutic rationale for endothelin antagonists as a new class of antiproteinuric drugs is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Barton
- Molecular Internal Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Andrey Sorokin
- Department of Medicine, Kidney Disease Center, Division of Nephrology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
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32
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Kang HM, Huang S, Reidy K, Han SH, Chinga F, Susztak K. Sox9-Positive Progenitor Cells Play a Key Role in Renal Tubule Epithelial Regeneration in Mice. Cell Rep 2016; 14:861-871. [PMID: 26776520 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.12.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The kidney has a tremendous capacity to regenerate following injury, but factors that govern this response are still largely unknown. We isolated cells from mouse kidneys with high proliferative and multi-lineage differentiation capacity. These cells expressed a high level of Sox9. In regenerating kidneys, Sox9 expression was induced early, and 89% of proliferating cells were Sox9 positive. In vitro, Sox9-positive cells showed unlimited proliferation and multi-lineage differentiation capacity. Using an inducible Sox9 Cre line and lineage-tagging methods, we show that Sox9-positive cells can generate new daughter cells, contributing to the regeneration of proximal tubule, loop of Henle, and distal tubule segments but not to collecting duct and glomerular cells. Furthermore, inducible deletion of Sox9 resulted in reduced epithelial proliferation, more severe injury, and fibrosis development. In summary, we demonstrate that, in the kidney, Sox9-positive cells show progenitor-like properties in vitro and contribute to epithelial regeneration following injury in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Mi Kang
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shizheng Huang
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kimberly Reidy
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Seung Hyeok Han
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Frank Chinga
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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33
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Fanni D, Sanna A, Gerosa C, Puddu M, Faa G, Fanos V. Each niche has an actor: multiple stem cell niches in the preterm kidney. Ital J Pediatr 2015; 41:78. [PMID: 26472160 PMCID: PMC4608192 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-015-0187-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The preterm kidney cannot be simply considered as a kidney small in size: as compared to the adult kidney, the developing organ of the preterm infant is characterized by marked differences regarding the architecture and cell components. At macroscopy, fine linear demarcations indenting the renal surface characterize the fetal and preterm kidney. At microscopy, multiple major architectural changes differentiate the developing kidney from the adult one: a large capsule with a high cellularity; the branching ureteric bud, extending from the hilum towards the renal capsule; striking morphological differences among superficial (just born) and deep (more mature) glomeruli; persistence of remnants of the metanephric mesenchyme in the hylum; incomplete differentiation of developing proximal and distal tubules. At cellular level, kidneys of preterm infants are characterized by huge amounts of stem/precursor cells showing different degrees of differentiation, admixed with mature cell types. The most striking difference between the preterm and adult kidney is represented by the abundance of stem/progenitor cells in the former. Multiple stem cell niches may be identified in the preterm kidney, including the capsule, the sub-capsular nephrogenic zone, the cap mesenchyme embracing the ureteric bud tips, the cortical and medullary interstitium, and the hilar zone in proximity of the ureteric origin. The sub-capsular area represents the major stem cell niche in the prenatal kidney. It has been defined “blue strip”, due to the scarcity of cytoplasm of the undifferentiated stem/progenitors, which appear as small cells arranged in a solid pattern. All these data taken together, the morphological approach to the analysis of the preterm kidney appears completely different from that typically utilized in kidney biopsies from adult subjects. Such a different structure should be taken into account when evaluating renal function in a preterm infant in clinical practice. Moreover, a better knowledge of molecular biology of the blue strip stem/progenitor cells could be at the basis of a new “endogenous” regenerative medicine, finalized to maintain and protect the nephrogenic potential of preterm infants till the 36th week of post-conceptional age, allowing them to escape oligonephronia and chronic kidney disease later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fanni
- Department of Pathology, University of Cagliari, via Ospedale 56, 09100, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - A Sanna
- Department of Pathology, University of Cagliari, via Ospedale 56, 09100, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - C Gerosa
- Department of Pathology, University of Cagliari, via Ospedale 56, 09100, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - M Puddu
- Department of Surgery, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puericulture Institute and Neonatal Section, Policlinico Monserrato, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Cagliari, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, Italy.
| | - G Faa
- Department of Pathology, University of Cagliari, via Ospedale 56, 09100, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - V Fanos
- Department of Surgery, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puericulture Institute and Neonatal Section, Policlinico Monserrato, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Cagliari, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, Italy.
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Bussolati B, Camussi G. Therapeutic use of human renal progenitor cells for kidney regeneration. Nat Rev Nephrol 2015; 11:695-706. [PMID: 26241019 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2015.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The ability of the human kidney to repair itself is limited. Consequently, repeated injury can trigger a maladaptive response that is characterized by fibrosis and loss of renal function. The transcription patterns that characterize nephrogenesis in fetal renal progenitor cells (RPCs) are only partially activated during renal repair in adults. Nevertheless, evidence suggests that segment-restricted progenitor resident cells support renal healing in adults. In this Review, we discuss the evidence for the existence of functional human RPCs in adults and their role in renal repair, and consider the controversial issue of whether RPCs are a fixed population or arise through phenotypical plasticity of tubular cells that is mediated by the microenvironment. We also discuss the strategies for generating renal progenitor cells from pluripotent stem cells or differentiated cells and their use in therapy. Finally, we examine preclinical data on the therapeutic use of human fetal cells, adult progenitor cells and adult renal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Bussolati
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, Torino 10126, Italy
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Kidney diseases are a global public health problem whose incidence is rapidly growing due to a global rise in the aged population and the increasing prevalence of cardiovascular disease, hypertension and diabetes. With the emergence of stem cells as potential therapeutic agents, attempts in using them to significantly reduce the burden of these diseases have increased. AREAS COVERED Several types of stem cells have been proven to be likely candidates for treating kidney diseases. We discuss in detail the potential use of mesenchymal stem cells in preclinical and clinical works, with additional populations that have been studied briefly described. Moreover, we discuss current knowledge on endogenous kidney regeneration ability and on the possibility to modulate it using chemical and biological agents. EXPERT OPINION Stem cell therapy is a promising new treatment for kidney disease documented in many animal studies. Mesenchymal stem cells have emerged as a promising cell type, but their efficacy in clinical trials is still controversial. Identification of progenitor cells in the adult kidney is another step forward in regenerative medicine, suggesting the repair potential of the adult kidney and the possible modulation of renal progenitors in situ using pharmacological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lazzeri
- a University of Florence; Excellence Centre for Research, Transfer and High Education for the Development of DE NOVO Therapies (DENOTHE) , Florence, Italy +390552758342 ; ;
| | - Paola Romagnani
- a University of Florence; Excellence Centre for Research, Transfer and High Education for the Development of DE NOVO Therapies (DENOTHE) , Florence, Italy +390552758342 ; ;
| | - Laura Lasagni
- a University of Florence; Excellence Centre for Research, Transfer and High Education for the Development of DE NOVO Therapies (DENOTHE) , Florence, Italy +390552758342 ; ;
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Ejtehadifar M, Shamsasenjan K, Movassaghpour A, Akbarzadehlaleh P, Dehdilani N, Abbasi P, Molaeipour Z, Saleh M. The Effect of Hypoxia on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Biology. Adv Pharm Bull 2015; 5:141-9. [PMID: 26236651 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2015.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although physiological and pathological role of hypoxia have been appreciated in mammalians for decades however the cellular biology of hypoxia more clarified in the past 20 years. Discovery of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1, in the 1990s opened a new window to investigate the mechanisms behind hypoxia. In different cellular contexts HIF-1 activation show variable results by impacting various aspects of cell biology such as cell cycle, apoptosis, differentiation and etc. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are unique cells which take important role in tissue regeneration. They are characterized by self-renewal capacity, multilineage potential, and immunosuppressive property. Like so many kind of cells, hypoxia induces different responses in MSCs by HIF- 1 activation. The activation of this molecule changes the growth, multiplication, differentiation and gene expression profile of MSCs in their niche by a complex of signals. This article briefly discusses the most important effects of hypoxia in growth kinetics, signalling pathways, cytokine secretion profile and expression of chemokine receptors in different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Ejtehadifar
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Karim Shamsasenjan
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. ; Iran Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Movassaghpour
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvin Akbarzadehlaleh
- Drug Applied Research Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nima Dehdilani
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Abbasi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Molaeipour
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahshid Saleh
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Jiang MH, Li G, Liu J, Liu L, Wu B, Huang W, He W, Deng C, Wang D, Li C, Lahn BT, Shi C, Xiang AP. Nestin(+) kidney resident mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of acute kidney ischemia injury. Biomaterials 2015; 50:56-66. [PMID: 25736496 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Renal resident mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are important regulators of kidney homeostasis, repair or regeneration. However, natural distribution and the starting population properties of these cells remain elusive because of the lack of specific markers. Here, we identified post-natal kidney derived Nestin(+) cells that fulfilled all of the criteria as a mesenchymal stem cell. These isolated Nestin(+) cells expressed the typical cell-surface marker of MSC, including Sca-1, CD44, CD106, NG2 and PDGFR-α. They were capable of self-renewal, possessed high clonogenic potential and extensive proliferation for more than 30 passages. Under appropriate differentiation conditions, these cells could differentiate into adipocytes, osteocytes, chondrocytes and podocytes. After intravenous injection into acute kidney injury mice, Nestin(+) cells contributed to functional improvement by significantly decreasing the peak level of serum creatinine and BUN, and reducing the damaged cell apoptosis. Furthermore, conditioned medium from Nestin(+) cells could protect against ischemic acute renal failure partially through paracrine factor VEGF. Taken together, our findings indicate that renal resident Nestin(+) MSCs can be derived, propagated, differentiated, and repair the acute kidney injury, which may shed new light on understanding MSCs biology and developing cell replacement therapies for kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Hua Jiang
- Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guilan Li
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longshan Liu
- Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingyuan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijun Huang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen He
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunhua Deng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunling Li
- Institute of Hypertension & Kidney Research, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bruce T Lahn
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenggang Shi
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Andy Peng Xiang
- Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Liotta F, Querci V, Mannelli G, Santarlasci V, Maggi L, Capone M, Rossi MC, Mazzoni A, Cosmi L, Romagnani S, Maggi E, Gallo O, Annunziato F. Mesenchymal stem cells are enriched in head neck squamous cell carcinoma, correlates with tumour size and inhibit T-cell proliferation. Br J Cancer 2015; 112:745-54. [PMID: 25647013 PMCID: PMC4333504 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a multifactorial disease not only restricted to transformed epithelium, but also involving cells of the immune system and cells of mesenchymal origin, particularly mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Mesenchymal stem cells contribute to blood- and lymph- neoangiogenesis, generate myofibroblasts, with pro-invasive activity and may suppress anti-tumour immunity. METHODS In this paper, we evaluated the presence and features of MSCs isolated from human head neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). RESULTS Fresh specimens of HNSCC showed higher proportions of CD90+ cells compared with normal tissue; these cells co-expressed CD29, CD105, and CD73, but not CD31, CD45, CD133, and human epithelial antigen similarly to bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs). Adherent stromal cells isolated from tumour shared also differentiation potential with BM-MSCs, thus we named them as tumour-MSCs. Interestingly, tumour-MSCs showed a clear immunosuppressive activity on in vitro stimulated T lymphocytes, mainly mediated by indoelamine 2,3 dioxygenase activity, like BM-MSCs. To evaluate their possible role in tumour growth in vivo, we correlated tumour-MSC proportions with neoplasm size. Tumour-MSCs frequency directly correlated with tumour volume and inversely with the frequency of tumour-infiltrating leukocytes. CONCLUSIONS These data support the concept that tumour-MSCs may favour tumour growth not only through their effect on stromal development, but also by inhibiting the anti-tumour immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Liotta
- 1] Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy [2] Regenerative Medicine Unit and Immunology and Cellular Therapy Unit of Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - V Querci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - G Mannelli
- First Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - V Santarlasci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - L Maggi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - M Capone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - M C Rossi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - A Mazzoni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - L Cosmi
- 1] Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy [2] Regenerative Medicine Unit and Immunology and Cellular Therapy Unit of Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - S Romagnani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - E Maggi
- 1] Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy [2] Regenerative Medicine Unit and Immunology and Cellular Therapy Unit of Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - O Gallo
- First Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - F Annunziato
- 1] Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy [2] Regenerative Medicine Unit and Immunology and Cellular Therapy Unit of Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy
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Bruno S, Chiabotto G, Camussi G. Concise review: different mesenchymal stromal/stem cell populations reside in the adult kidney. Stem Cells Transl Med 2014; 3:1451-5. [PMID: 25355731 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During fetal life, mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) surround glomeruli and tubules and contribute to the development of the renal interstitium by secretion of growth factors that drive nephron differentiation. In the adult, an MSC-like population has been demonstrated in different compartments of human and murine nephrons. After injury, these cells might provide support for kidney regeneration by recapitulating the role they have in embryonic life. In this short review, we discuss the evidence of an MSC presence within the adult kidney and their potential contribution to the turnover of renal cells and injury repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Bruno
- Departments of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science and Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Giulia Chiabotto
- Departments of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science and Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Departments of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science and Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Liu C, Guo Q, Li J, Wang S, Wang Y, Li B, Yang H. Identification of rabbit annulus fibrosus-derived stem cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108239. [PMID: 25259600 PMCID: PMC4178129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Annulus fibrosus (AF) injuries can lead to substantial deterioration of intervertebral disc (IVD) which characterizes degenerative disc disease (DDD). However, treatments for AF repair/regeneration remain challenging due to the intrinsic heterogeneity of AF tissue at cellular, biochemical, and biomechanical levels. In this study, we isolated and characterized a sub-population of cells from rabbit AF tissue which formed colonies in vitro and could self-renew. These cells showed gene expression of typical surface antigen molecules characterizing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), including CD29, CD44, and CD166. Meanwhile, they did not express negative markers of MSCs such as CD4, CD8, and CD14. They also expressed Oct-4, nucleostemin, and SSEA-4 proteins. Upon induced differentiation they showed typical osteogenesis, chondrogenesis, and adipogenesis potential. Together, these AF-derived colony-forming cells possessed clonogenicity, self-renewal, and multi-potential differentiation capability, the three criteria characterizing MSCs. Such AF-derived stem cells may potentially be an ideal candidate for DDD treatments using cell therapies or tissue engineering approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianping Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shenghao Wang
- Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yibin Wang
- Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail: (BL); (HY)
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail: (BL); (HY)
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Leuning DG, Reinders ME, de Fijter JW, Rabelink TJ. Clinical Translation of Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Transplantation. Semin Nephrol 2014; 34:351-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Gagliardini E, Benigni A. Drugs to foster kidney regeneration in experimental animals and humans. Nephron Clin Pract 2014; 126:91. [PMID: 24854648 DOI: 10.1159/000360675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of kidney diseases is increasing worldwide and they are emerging as a major public health problem. Once mostly considered inexorable, renal disease progression can now be halted and lesions can even regress with drugs such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin II type I receptor blockers, indicating the possibility of kidney repair. SUMMARY The discovery of renal progenitor cells lining the Bowman capsule of adult rat and human kidneys has shed light on the mechanism of repair by ACEi. Parietal progenitors are a reservoir of cells that contribute to podocyte turnover in physiological conditions. In the early phases of renal disease these progenitors migrate chaotically and subsequently proliferate, accumulating in Bowman's space. The abnormal behavior of parietal progenitors is sustained by the activation of CXCR4 receptors in response to an increased production of the chemokine SDF-1 by podocytes activated by the inflammatory environment. Ang II, via the AT1 receptor, also contributes to progenitor cell proliferation. The CXCR4/SDF-1 and Ang II/AT1 receptor pathogenic pathways both pave the way for lesion formation and subsequent sclerosis. ACEi normalize the CXCR4 and AT1 receptor expression on progenitors, limiting their proliferation, concomitant with the regression of hyperplastic lesions in animals, and in a patient with crescentic glomerulopathy. KEY MESSAGE Understanding the molecular and cellular determinants of regeneration triggered by renoprotective drugs will reveal novel pathways that might be challenged or targeted by pharmacological therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gagliardini
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
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Kan L, Kessler JA. Evaluation of the cellular origins of heterotopic ossification. Orthopedics 2014; 37:329-40. [PMID: 24810815 DOI: 10.3928/01477447-20140430-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO), acquired or hereditary, is featured by the formation of bone outside of the normal skeleton. Typical acquired HO is a common, debilitating condition associated with traumatic events. Cardiovascular calcification, an atypical form of acquired HO, is prevalent and associated with high rates of cardiovascular mortality. Hereditary HO syndromes, such as fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva and progressive osseous heteroplasia, are rare, progressive, life-threatening disorders. The cellular origins of HO remain elusive. Some bona fide contributing cell populations have been found through genetic lineage tracing and other experiments in vivo, and various other candidate populations have been proposed. Nevertheless, because of the difficulties in establishing cellular phenotypes in vivo and other confounding factors, the true identities of these populations are still uncertain. This review critically evaluates the accumulating data in the field. The major focus is on the candidate populations that may give rise to osteochondrogenic lineage cells directly, not the populations that may contribute to HO indirectly. This issue is important not solely because of the clinical implications, but also because it highlights the basic biological processes that govern bone formation.
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Nowacki M, Kloskowski T, Pokrywczyńska M, Nazarewski Ł, Jundziłł A, Pietkun K, Tyloch D, Rasmus M, Warda K, Habib SL, Drewa T. Is regenerative medicine a new hope for kidney replacement? J Artif Organs 2014; 17:123-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s10047-014-0767-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Turturici G, Tinnirello R, Sconzo G, Geraci F. Extracellular membrane vesicles as a mechanism of cell-to-cell communication: advantages and disadvantages. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 306:C621-33. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00228.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Microvesicles represent a newly identified mechanism of intercellular communication. Two different types of microvesicles have been identified: membrane-derived vesicles (EVs) and exosomes. EVs originate by direct budding from the plasma membrane, while exosomes arise from ectocytosis of multivesicular bodies. Recent attention has focused on the capacity of EVs to alter the phenotype of neighboring cells to make them resemble EV-producing cells. Stem cells are an abundant source of EVs, and the interaction between stem cells and the microenvironment (i.e., stem cell niche) plays a critical role in determining stem cell phenotype. The stem cell niche hypothesis predicts that stem cell number is limited by the availability of niches releasing the necessary signals for self-renewal and survival, and the niche thus provides a mechanism for controlling and limiting stem cell numbers. EVs may play a fundamental role in this context by transferring genetic information between cells. EVs can transfer mRNA and microRNA to target cells, both of which may be involved in the change in target-cell phenotype towards that of EV-producing cells. The exchange of genetic information may be bidirectional, and EV-mediated transfer of genetic information after tissue damage may reprogram stem cells to acquire the phenotypic features of the injured tissue cells. In addition, stem cell-derived EVs may induce the de-differentiation of cells that survive injury by promoting their reentry into the cell cycle and subsequently increasing the possibility of tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Turturici
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosaria Tinnirello
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gabriella Sconzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabiana Geraci
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Experimental renal progenitor cells: repairing and recreating kidneys? Pediatr Nephrol 2014; 29:665-72. [PMID: 24221350 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-013-2667-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Strategies to facilitate repair or generate new nephrons are exciting prospects for acute and chronic human renal disease. Repair of kidney injury involves not just local mechanisms but also mobilisation of progenitor/stem cells from intrarenal niches, including papillary, tubular and glomerular locations. Diverse markers characterise these unique cells, often including CD24 and CD133. Extrarenal stem cells may also contribute to repair, with proposed roles in secreting growth factors, transfer of microvesicles and exosomes and immune modulation. Creating new nephrons from stem cells is beginning to look feasible in mice in which kidneys can be dissociated into single cells and will then generate mature renal structures when recombined. The next step is to identify the correct human markers for progenitor cells from the fetus or mature kidney with similar potential to form new kidneys. Intriguingly, development can continue in vivo: whole foetal kidneys and recombined organs engraft, develop a blood supply and grow when xenotransplanted, and there are new advances in decellularised scaffolds to promote differentiation. This is an exciting time for human kidney repair and regeneration. Many of the approaches and techniques are in their infancy and based on animal rather than human work, but there is a rapid pace of discovery, and we predict that therapies based on advances in this field will come into clinical practice in the next decade.
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47
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Stem cells and kidney regeneration. J Formos Med Assoc 2014; 113:201-9. [PMID: 24434243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney disease is an escalating burden all over the world. In addition to preventing kidney injury, regenerating damaged renal tissue is as important as to retard the progression of chronic kidney disease to end stage renal disease. Although the kidney is a delicate organ and has only limited regenerative capacity compared to the other organs, an increasing understanding of renal development and renal reprogramming has kindled the prospects of regenerative options for kidney disease. Here, we will review the advances in the kidney regeneration including the manipulation of renal tubular cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and macrophages in renal disease. Several types of stem cells, such as bone marrow-derived cells, adipocyte-derived mesenchymal stem cells, embryonic stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells are also applied for renal regeneration. Endogenous or lineage reprogrammed renal progenitor cells represent an attractive possibility for differentiation into multiple renal cell types. Angiogenesis can ameliorate hypoxia and renal fibrosis. Based on these studies and knowledge, we hope to innovate more reliable pharmacological or biotechnical methods for kidney regeneration medicine.
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Abstract
Amniotic fluid is in continuity with multiple developing organ systems, including the kidney. Committed, but still stem-like cells from these organs may thus appear in amniotic fluid. We report having established for the first time a stem-like cell population derived from human amniotic fluid and possessing characteristics of podocyte precursors. Using a method of triple positive selection we obtained a population of cells (hAKPC-P) that can be propagated in vitro for many passages without immortalization or genetic manipulation. Under specific culture conditions, these cells can be differentiated to mature podocytes. In this work we compared these cells with conditionally immortalized podocytes, the current gold standard for in vitro studies. After in vitro differentiation, both cell lines have similar expression of the major podocyte proteins, such as nephrin and type IV collagen, that are characteristic of mature functional podocytes. In addition, differentiated hAKPC-P respond to angiotensin II and the podocyte toxin, puromycin aminonucleoside, in a way typical of podocytes. In contrast to immortalized cells, hAKPC-P have a more nearly normal cell cycle regulation and a pronounced developmental pattern of specific protein expression, suggesting their suitability for studies of podocyte development for the first time in vitro. These novel progenitor cells appear to have several distinct advantages for studies of podocyte cell biology and potentially for translational therapies.
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Aggarwal S, Moggio A, Bussolati B. Concise review: stem/progenitor cells for renal tissue repair: current knowledge and perspectives. Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 2:1011-9. [PMID: 24167320 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidney is a specialized low-regenerative organ with several different types of cellular lineages; however, the identity of renal stem/progenitor cells with nephrogenic potential and their preferred niche(s) are largely unknown and debated. Most of the therapeutic approaches to kidney regeneration are based on administration of cells proven to enhance intrinsic reparative capabilities of the kidney. Endogenous or exogenous cells of different sources were tested in rodent models of ischemia-reperfusion, acute kidney injury, or chronic disease. The translation to clinics is at the moment focused on the role of mesenchymal stem cells. In addition, bioproducts from stem/progenitor cells, such as extracellular vesicles, are likely a new promising approach for reprogramming resident cells. This concise review reports the current knowledge about resident or exogenous stem/progenitor populations and their derived bioproducts demonstrating therapeutic effects in kidney regeneration upon injury. In addition, possible approaches to nephrogenesis and organ generation using organoids, decellularized kidneys, and blastocyst complementation are surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikhar Aggarwal
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Belingheri M, Lazzari L, Parazzi V, Groppali E, Biagi E, Gaipa G, Giordano R, Rastaldi MP, Croci D, Biondi A, Rebulla P, Edefonti A, Ghio L. Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cell infusion for the stabilization of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Biologicals 2013; 41:439-45. [PMID: 24135082 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is the most frequent acquired renal condition resulting in end stage kidney disease in children. We describe a cell therapy treatment with human allogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in a 13-year-old patient developing recurrent FSGS after renal transplantation, which was not responding to conventional therapy. This treatment relied on the following measurements:clinical and laboratory evaluation of renal function, proteome array, biopsy, short tandem repeat assay. Before MSC treatment, the patient needed weekly plasmapheresis to achieve proteinuria-to-creatininuria ratio below 5. After three MSC infusions without adverse events, the patient has a stable renal function and the proteinuria target was reached without plasmapheresis. In addition, some circulating inflammatory factors decreased and their levels were still low after one year. This is the first report of an MSC treatment in an FSGS patient. Even though different factors may have contributed to the clinical results, after MSC infusion a stable reduction in the serum level of several inflammatory factors has been registered and the patient does not need anymore plasmapheresis to keep proteinuria under control. In addition, this encouraging single case let us identify some putative efficacy biomarkers that could be of clinical interest in chronic kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Belingheri
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
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