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Ben Menachem-Zidon O, Reubinoff B, Shveiky D. Transplantation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Old Rats Improves Healing and Biomechanical Properties of Vaginal Tissue Following Surgical Incision in Aged Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5714. [PMID: 38891914 PMCID: PMC11172277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Pelvic floor dysfunction encompasses a group of disorders that negatively affect the quality of women's lives. These include pelvic organ prolapse (POP), urinary incontinence, and sexual dysfunction. The greatest risk factors for prolapse are increased parity and older age, with the largest group requiring surgical intervention being post-menopausal women over 65. Prolapse recurrence rates following surgery were reported to be as high as 30%. This may be attributed to ineffective healing in the elderly. Autologous stem cell transplantation during surgery may improve surgical results. In our previous studies, we showed that the transplantation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from young donor rats improved the healing of full-thickness vaginal surgical incision in the vaginal wall of old rats, demonstrated by both histological and functional analysis. In order to translate these results into the clinical reality of autologous MSC transplantation in elderly women, we sought to study whether stem cells derived from old donor animals would provide the same effect. In this study, we demonstrate that MSC transplantation attenuated the inflammatory response, increased angiogenesis, and exhibited a time-dependent impact on MMP9 localization. Most importantly, transplantation improved the restoration of the biomechanical properties of the vagina, resulting in stronger healed vaginal tissue. These results may pave the way for further translational studies focusing on the potential clinical autologous adjuvant transplantation of MSCs for POP repair for the improvement of surgical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofra Ben Menachem-Zidon
- The Sidney and Judy Swartz Stem Cell Research Center, The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel;
| | - Benjamin Reubinoff
- The Sidney and Judy Swartz Stem Cell Research Center, The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel;
| | - David Shveiky
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel;
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Wang MC, Yu WL, Ding YC, Huang JJ, Lin CY, Tseng WJ. Persistent Mesodermal Differentiation Capability of Bone Marrow MSCs Isolated from Aging Patients with Low-Energy Traumatic Hip Fracture and Osteoporosis: A Clinical Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5273. [PMID: 38791313 PMCID: PMC11120803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
A low-energy hit, such as a slight fall from a bed, results in a bone fracture, especially in the hip, which is a life-threatening risk for the older adult and a heavy burden for the social economy. Patients with low-energy traumatic bone fractures usually suffer a higher level of bony catabolism accompanied by osteoporosis. Bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) are critical in osteogenesis, leading to metabolic homeostasis in the healthy bony microenvironment. However, whether the BMSCs derived from the patients who suffered osteoporosis and low-energy traumatic hip fractures preserve a sustained mesodermal differentiation capability, especially in osteogenesis, is yet to be explored in a clinical setting. Therefore, we aimed to collect BMSCs from clinical hip fracture patients with osteoporosis, followed by osteogenic differentiation comparison with BMSCs from healthy young donors. The CD markers identification, cytokines examination, and adipogenic differentiation were also evaluated. The data reveal that BMSCs collected from elderly osteoporotic patients secreted approximately 122.8 pg/mL interleukin 6 (IL-6) and 180.6 pg/mL vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), but no PDGF-BB, IL-1b, TGF-b1, IGF-1, or TNF-α secretion. The CD markers and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation capability in BMSCs from these elderly osteoporotic patients and healthy young donors are equivalent and compliant with the standards defined by the International Society of Cell Therapy (ISCT). Collectively, our data suggest that the elderly osteoporotic patients-derived BMSCs hold equivalent differentiation and proliferation capability and intact surface markers identical to BMSCs collected from healthy youth and are available for clinical cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chih Wang
- Biomedical Technology & Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 31057, Taiwan; (M.-C.W.); (W.-L.Y.); (Y.-C.D.); (J.-J.H.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu 300102, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lin Yu
- Biomedical Technology & Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 31057, Taiwan; (M.-C.W.); (W.-L.Y.); (Y.-C.D.); (J.-J.H.)
| | - Yun-Chiao Ding
- Biomedical Technology & Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 31057, Taiwan; (M.-C.W.); (W.-L.Y.); (Y.-C.D.); (J.-J.H.)
| | - Jun-Jae Huang
- Biomedical Technology & Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 31057, Taiwan; (M.-C.W.); (W.-L.Y.); (Y.-C.D.); (J.-J.H.)
| | - Chin-Yu Lin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
- Institute of New Drug Development, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Wo-Jan Tseng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu 300195, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan
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Poblano-Pérez LI, Castro-Manrreza ME, González-Alva P, Fajardo-Orduña GR, Montesinos JJ. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Derived from Dental Tissues: Immunomodulatory Properties and Clinical Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1986. [PMID: 38396665 PMCID: PMC10888494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25041986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells located in different areas of the human body. The oral cavity is considered a potential source of MSCs because they have been identified in several dental tissues (D-MSCs). Clinical trials in which cells from these sources were used have shown that they are effective and safe as treatments for tissue regeneration. Importantly, immunoregulatory capacity has been observed in all of these populations; however, this function may vary among the different types of MSCs. Since this property is of clinical interest for cell therapy protocols, it is relevant to analyze the differences in immunoregulatory capacity, as well as the mechanisms used by each type of MSC. Interestingly, D-MSCs are the most suitable source for regenerating mineralized tissues in the oral region. Furthermore, the clinical potential of D-MSCs is supported due to their adequate capacity for proliferation, migration, and differentiation. There is also evidence for their potential application in protocols against autoimmune diseases and other inflammatory conditions due to their immunosuppressive capacity. Therefore, in this review, the immunoregulatory mechanisms identified at the preclinical level in combination with the different types of MSCs found in dental tissues are described, in addition to a description of the clinical trials in which MSCs from these sources have been applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Ignacio Poblano-Pérez
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center (IMSS), Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (L.I.P.-P.); (G.R.F.-O.)
| | - Marta Elena Castro-Manrreza
- Immunology and Stem Cells Laboratory, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 09230, Mexico;
| | - Patricia González-Alva
- Tissue Bioengineering Laboratory, Postgraduate Studies, Research Division, Faculty of Dentistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Guadalupe R. Fajardo-Orduña
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center (IMSS), Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (L.I.P.-P.); (G.R.F.-O.)
| | - Juan José Montesinos
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center (IMSS), Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (L.I.P.-P.); (G.R.F.-O.)
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Zong Q, Bundkirchen K, Neunaber C, Noack S. Effect of High BMI on Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Cell Transplant 2024; 33:9636897241226546. [PMID: 38258516 PMCID: PMC10807335 DOI: 10.1177/09636897241226546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) are attractive candidates in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Growing evidence has suggested that a high body mass index (BMI) can affect the properties of BMSCs, resulting in a reduced quality of the cells. However, the results are not consistent. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the influences of high BMI on human BMSCs (hBMSCs). To avoid gender bias, BMSCs from females and males were studied independently. Finally, hBMSCs from 89 females and 152 males were separately divided into the normal BMI group (18.5 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 25 kg/m2) and the high BMI group (BMI > 25 kg/m2). The cells were analyzed for the colony-forming potential; proliferation capacity; in vitro adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation potentials; and the expression of 32 common surface antigens. The results showed that high BMI did not change the number of colonies at passage 1 in females and males. In contrast, significantly reduced colony numbers at passage 4 (P4) were found in both female and male donors with high BMI. The doubling time of hBMSCs was comparable between the normal and the high BMI groups of females and males. Furthermore, the results of trilineage differentiation did not differ between the different BMI groups of males. In females, the high and the normal BMI groups also showed similar adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation, while osteogenic differentiation was significantly enhanced in the high-BMI group. Regarding the expression of surface antigens, the expressions of CD200 and SSEA4 on hBMSCs were reduced in the high-BMI group of females and males, respectively. In conclusion, high BMI suppressed the clonogenicity of female and male hBMSCs at P4, improved the in vitro osteogenesis of female hBMSCs, and decreased the expressions of CD200 on hBMSCs in females and SSEA4 in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zong
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katrin Bundkirchen
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Claudia Neunaber
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sandra Noack
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Zheng L, Gong H, Zhang J, Guo L, Zhai Z, Xia S, Hu Z, Chang J, Jiang Y, Huang X, Ge J, Zhang B, Yan M. Strategies to improve the therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle (MSC-EV): a promising cell-free therapy for liver disease. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1322514. [PMID: 38155924 PMCID: PMC10753838 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1322514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver disease has emerged as a significant worldwide health challenge due to its diverse causative factors and therapeutic complexities. The majority of liver diseases ultimately progress to end-stage liver disease and liver transplantation remains the only effective therapy with the limitations of donor organ shortage, lifelong immunosuppressants and expensive treatment costs. Numerous pre-clinical studies have revealed that extracellular vesicles released by mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-EV) exhibited considerable potential in treating liver diseases. Although natural MSC-EV has many potential advantages, some characteristics of MSC-EV, such as heterogeneity, uneven therapeutic effect, and rapid clearance in vivo constrain its clinical translation. In recent years, researchers have explored plenty of ways to improve the therapeutic efficacy and rotation rate of MSC-EV in the treatment of liver disease. In this review, we summarized current strategies to enhance the therapeutic potency of MSC-EV, mainly including optimization culture conditions in MSC or modifications of MSC-EV, aiming to facilitate the development and clinical application of MSC-EV in treating liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
- International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Linna Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
- International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuofan Zhai
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuang Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
- International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiyu Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
- International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Chang
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yizhu Jiang
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinran Huang
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingyi Ge
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bikui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
- International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Changsha, China
| | - Miao Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
- International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Changsha, China
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6
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Xie CL, Yue YT, Xu JP, Li N, Lin T, Ji GR, Yang XW, Xu R. Penicopeptide A (PPA) from the deep-sea-derived fungus promotes osteoblast-mediated bone formation and alleviates ovariectomy-induced bone loss by activating the AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway. Pharmacol Res 2023; 197:106968. [PMID: 37866705 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The potential of marine natural products as effective drugs for osteoporosis treatment is an understudied area. In this study, we investigated the ability of lead compounds from deep-sea-derived Penicillium solitum MCCC 3A00215 to promote bone formation in vitro and in vivo. We found that penicopeptide A (PPA) promoted osteoblast mineralization among bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in a concentration-dependent manner, and thus, we selected this natural peptide for further testing. Our further experiments showed that PPA significantly promoted the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs while inhibiting their adipogenic differentiation and not affecting their chondrogenic differentiation. Mechanistic studies showed that PPA binds directly to the AKT and GSK-3β and activates phosphorylation of AKT and GSK-3β, resulting in the accumulation of β-catenin. We also evaluated the therapeutic potential of PPA in a female mouse model of ovariectomy-induced systemic bone loss. In this model, PPA treatment prevented decreases in bone volume and trabecular thickness. In conclusion, our in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated that PPA could promote osteoblast-related bone formation via the AKT, GSK-3β, and β-catenin signaling pathways, indicating the clinical potential of PPA as a candidate compound for osteoporosis prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lan Xie
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yu-Ting Yue
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen,China
| | - Jing-Ping Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Na Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ting Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Guang-Rong Ji
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen,China.
| | - Xian-Wen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Ren Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University-ICMRS Collaborating Center for Skeletal Stem Cells, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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7
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Wei J, Song Z, Cui J, Gong Y, Tang Q, Zhang K, Song X, Liao X. Inverting the DNA tetrahedron: A novel strategy for sensitive and stable detection of aging-related enzyme MMP2. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1278:341736. [PMID: 37709470 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, a novel electrochemiluminescence biosensor based on the entropy-driven DNA tetrahedron for the detection of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), an enzyme that regulates extracellular matrix remodeling and affects aging was reported. The biosensor utilizes an inverted DNA tetrahedron structure, which exposes three vertices to the solution, as molecular recognition units for capturing specific biomolecules. The biosensor also employs a ratiometric method and an entropy-driven reaction, which enhance the response rate and sensitivity of the detection. The biosensor can detect MMP2 with a detection limit of 55.2 fM, which is lower than that of conventional sensors. The biosensor also exhibits excellent stability and reproducibility, and can accurately measure MMP2 levels in complex samples, such as human serum. The paper demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of using the "inverted" DNA tetrahedron structure and the entropy-driven process to construct interfacial biosensors. The paper also discusses the potential applications of the biosensor in clinical diagnosis and anti-aging research, where MMP2 plays a crucial role in tissue damage and repair. The paper provides a valuable contribution to the field of biosensor development, and opens up new possibilities for using DNA nanotechnology for sensitive and reliable detection of various biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihua Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Bone and Joint Degenerative Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, 533000, China
| | - Zichun Song
- West Guangxi Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of High-incidence Diseases, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, 533000, China
| | - Jiuying Cui
- West Guangxi Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of High-incidence Diseases, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, 533000, China
| | - Yuanxun Gong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Bone and Joint Degenerative Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, 533000, China
| | - Qianli Tang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Bone and Joint Degenerative Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, 533000, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214063, China.
| | - Xinlei Song
- Maternity & Child Care Center of Dezhou, Dezhou, Shandong, 253000, China.
| | - Xianjiu Liao
- West Guangxi Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of High-incidence Diseases, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, 533000, China.
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Shekari F, Alibhai FJ, Baharvand H, Börger V, Bruno S, Davies O, Giebel B, Gimona M, Salekdeh GH, Martin‐Jaular L, Mathivanan S, Nelissen I, Nolte‐’t Hoen E, O'Driscoll L, Perut F, Pluchino S, Pocsfalvi G, Salomon C, Soekmadji C, Staubach S, Torrecilhas AC, Shelke GV, Tertel T, Zhu D, Théry C, Witwer K, Nieuwland R. Cell culture-derived extracellular vesicles: Considerations for reporting cell culturing parameters. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 2:e115. [PMID: 38939735 PMCID: PMC11080896 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Cell culture-conditioned medium (CCM) is a valuable source of extracellular vesicles (EVs) for basic scientific, therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Cell culturing parameters affect the biochemical composition, release and possibly the function of CCM-derived EVs (CCM-EV). The CCM-EV task force of the Rigor and Standardization Subcommittee of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles aims to identify relevant cell culturing parameters, describe their effects based on current knowledge, recommend reporting parameters and identify outstanding questions. While some recommendations are valid for all cell types, cell-specific recommendations may need to be established for non-mammalian sources, such as bacteria, yeast and plant cells. Current progress towards these goals is summarized in this perspective paper, along with a checklist to facilitate transparent reporting of cell culturing parameters to improve the reproducibility of CCM-EV research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Shekari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Technology Development Center (ATMP‐TDC), Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
| | | | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in BiologyUniversity of Science and CultureTehranIran
| | - Verena Börger
- Institute for Transfusion MedicineUniversity Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Stefania Bruno
- Department of Medical Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology CenterUniversity of TorinoTurinItaly
| | - Owen Davies
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health SciencesLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughUK
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion MedicineUniversity Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Mario Gimona
- GMP UnitSpinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Centre Salzburg (SCI‐TReCS) and Research Program “Nanovesicular Therapies” Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
| | | | - Lorena Martin‐Jaular
- Institut Curie, INSERM U932 and Curie CoreTech Extracellular VesiclesPSL Research UniversityParisFrance
| | - Suresh Mathivanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Inge Nelissen
- VITO (Flemish Institute for Technological Research), Health departmentBoeretangBelgium
| | - Esther Nolte‐’t Hoen
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Lorraine O'Driscoll
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Trinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Francesca Perut
- Biomedical Science and Technologies and Nanobiotechnology LabIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico RizzoliBolognaItaly
| | - Stefano Pluchino
- Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Gabriella Pocsfalvi
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResourcesNational Research CouncilNaplesItaly
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae‐Oncology Group, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Carolina Soekmadji
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | | | - Ana Claudia Torrecilhas
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Bioquímica de Fungos e Protozoários, Departamento de Ciências FarmacêuticasUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)SPBrazil
| | - Ganesh Vilas Shelke
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Tobias Tertel
- Institute for Transfusion MedicineUniversity Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Dandan Zhu
- The Ritchie CentreHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Clotilde Théry
- Institut Curie, INSERM U932 and Curie CoreTech Extracellular VesiclesPSL Research UniversityParisFrance
| | - Kenneth Witwer
- Departments of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology and Neurology and Richman Family Precision Medicine Center of Excellence in Alzheimer's DiseaseJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical CentersLocation AMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Amsterdam Vesicle Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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9
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Salamanna F, Contartese D, Borsari V, Pagani S, Sartori M, Tschon M, Griffoni C, Giavaresi G, Tedesco G, Barbanti Brodano G, Gasbarrini A, Fini M. Gender-Specific Differences in Human Vertebral Bone Marrow Clot. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11856. [PMID: 37511617 PMCID: PMC10380734 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, our group described the application of vertebral bone marrow (vBMA) clot as a cell therapy strategy for spinal fusion. Its beneficial effects were confirmed in aging-associated processes, but the influence of gender is unknown. In this study, we compared the biological properties of vBMA clots and derived vertebral mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from female and male patients undergoing spinal fusion procedures and treated with vBMA clot. We analyzed the expression of growth factors (GFs) in vBMA clots and MSCs as well as morphology, viability, doubling time, markers expression, clonogenicity, differentiation ability, senescence factors, Klotho expression, and HOX and TALE gene profiles from female and male donors. Our findings indicate that vBMA clots and derived MSCs from males had higher expression of GFs and greater osteogenic and chondrogenic potential compared to female patients. Additionally, vBMA-clot-derived MSCs from female and male donors exhibited distinct levels of HOX and TALE gene expression. Specifically, HOXA1, HOXB8, HOXD9, HOXA11, and PBX1 genes were upregulated in MSCs derived from clotted vBMA from male donors. These results demonstrate that vBMA clots can be effectively used for spinal fusion procedures; however, gender-related differences should be taken into consideration when utilizing vBMA-clot-based studies to optimize the design and implementation of this cell therapy strategy in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Salamanna
- Complex Structure Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Deyanira Contartese
- Complex Structure Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Veronica Borsari
- Complex Structure Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Pagani
- Complex Structure Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Sartori
- Complex Structure Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Matilde Tschon
- Complex Structure Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristiana Griffoni
- Spine Surgery Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianluca Giavaresi
- Complex Structure Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tedesco
- Spine Surgery Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Milena Fini
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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10
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Meng S, Tang C, Deng M, Yuan J, Fan Y, Gao S, Feng Y, Yang J, Chen C. Tropoelastin-Pretreated Exosomes from Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Improve the Synthesis of Cartilage Matrix and Alleviate Osteoarthritis. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14040203. [PMID: 37103293 PMCID: PMC10143921 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14040203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have recently been widely used to treat osteoarthritis (OA). Our prior research shows that tropoelastin (TE) increases MSC activity and protects knee cartilage from OA-related degradation. The underlying mechanism might be that TE regulates the paracrine of MSCs. Exosomes (Exos), the paracrine secretion of MSCs, have been found to protect chondrocytes, reduce inflammation, and preserve the cartilage matrix. In this study, we used Exos derived from TE-pretreated adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) (TE-ExoADSCs) as an injection medium, and compared it with Exos derived from unpretreated ADSCs (ExoADSCs). We found that TE-ExoADSCs could effectively enhance the matrix synthesis of chondrocytes in vitro. Moreover, TE pretreatment increased the ability of ADSCs to secrete Exos. In addition, compared with ExoADSCs, TE-ExoADSCs exhibited therapeutic effects in the anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT)-induced OA model. Further, we observed that TE altered the microRNA expression in ExoADSCs and identified one differentially upregulated microRNA: miR-451-5p. In conclusion, TE-ExoADSCs helped maintain the chondrocyte phenotype in vitro, and promoted cartilage repair in vivo. These therapeutic effects might be related with the altered expression of miR-451-5p in the ExoADSCs. Thus, the intra-articular delivery of Exos derived from ADSCs with TE pretreatment could be a new approach to treat OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Meng
- College of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Cong Tang
- College of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Muhai Deng
- College of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- College of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yanli Fan
- College of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shasha Gao
- College of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yong Feng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Junjun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- College of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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11
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Williams T, Salmanian G, Burns M, Maldonado V, Smith E, Porter RM, Song YH, Samsonraj RM. Versatility of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in tissue repair and regenerative applications. Biochimie 2023; 207:33-48. [PMID: 36427681 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent somatic cells that have been widely explored in the field of regenerative medicine. MSCs possess the ability to secrete soluble factors as well as lipid bound extracellular vesicles (EVs). MSCs have gained increased interest and attention as a result of their therapeutic properties, which are thought to be attributed to their secretome. However, while the use of MSCs as whole cells pose heterogeneity concerns and survival issues post-transplantation, such limitations are absent in cell-free EV-based treatments. EVs derived from MSCs are promising therapeutic agents for a range of clinical conditions and disorders owing to their immunomodulatory, pro-regenerative, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic activity. Recent successes with preclinical studies using EVs for repair and regeneration of damaged tissues such as cardiac tissue, lung, liver, pancreas, bone, skin, cornea, and blood diseases are discussed in this review. We also discuss delivery strategies of EVs using biomaterials as delivery vehicles through systemic or local administration. Despite its effectiveness in preclinical investigations, the application of MSC-EV in clinical settings will necessitate careful consideration surrounding issues such as: i) scalability and isolation, ii) biodistribution, iii) targeting specific tissues, iv) quantification and characterization, and v) safety and efficacy of dosage. The future of EVs in regenerative medicine is promising yet still needs further investigation on enhancing the efficacy, scalability, and potency for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Williams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Ghazaleh Salmanian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Morgan Burns
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Vitali Maldonado
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Emma Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Ryan M Porter
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Young Hye Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Rebekah Margaret Samsonraj
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
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12
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Zheng Z, Li P, Shen F, Shi Y, Shao C. Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in Cancer: from Initiation to Metastasis. Arch Med Res 2022; 53:785-793. [PMID: 36462949 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) exist in many tissues and have pleiotropic potential to self-renew and differentiate into multiple cell types. Recent research in tumor biology has focused on their low immunogenicity and tumorhoming properties. MSCs promote cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis through several different mechanisms, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, and through their interaction with immune cells. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in our understanding of the pathogenic role of MSCs in regulating tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis, thus providing a strong rationale for targeting MSCs in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Zheng
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center, Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center, Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fangrong Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yufang Shi
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Changshun Shao
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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13
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Knewtson KE, Ohl NR, Robinson JL. Estrogen Signaling Dictates Musculoskeletal Stem Cell Behavior: Sex Differences in Tissue Repair. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2022; 28:789-812. [PMID: 34409868 PMCID: PMC9419932 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sexual dimorphisms in humans and other species exist in visually evident features such as body size and less apparent characteristics, including disease prevalence. Current research is adding to a growing understanding of sex differences in stem cell function and response to external stimuli, including sex hormones such as estrogens. These differences are proving significant and directly impact both the understanding of stem cell processes in tissue repair and the clinical implementation of stem cell therapies. Adult stem cells of the musculoskeletal system, including those used for development and repair of muscle, bone, cartilage, fibrocartilage, ligaments, and tendons, are no exception. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have found differences in stem cell number, proliferative and differentiation capabilities, and response to estrogen treatment between males and females of many species. Maintaining the stemness and reducing senescence of adult stem cells is an important topic with implications in regenerative therapy and aging. As such, this review discusses the effect of estrogens on musculoskeletal system stem cell response in multiple species and highlights the research gaps that still need to be addressed. The following evidence from investigations of sex-related phenotypes in adult progenitor and stem cells are pieces to the big puzzle of sex-related effects on aging and disease and critical information for both fundamental tissue repair and regeneration studies and safe and effective clinical use of stem cells. Impact Statement This review summarizes current knowledge of sex differences in and the effects of estrogen treatment on musculoskeletal stem cells in the context of tissue engineering. Specifically, it highlights the impact of sex on musculoskeletal stem cell function and ability to regenerate tissue. Furthermore, it discusses the varying effects of estrogen on stem cell properties, including proliferation and differentiation, important to tissue engineering. This review aims to highlight the potential impact of estrogens and the importance of performing sex comparative studies in the field of tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey E. Knewtson
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Nathan R. Ohl
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Robinson
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
- Address correspondence to: Jennifer L. Robinson, PhD, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 West 15th Street Room 4132, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
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14
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Zou J, Mao J, Shi X. Influencing factors of pulp-dentin complex regeneration and related biological strategies. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2022; 51:350-361. [PMID: 36207838 PMCID: PMC9511472 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2022-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative endodontic therapy (RET) utilizing tissue engineering approach can promote the regeneration of pulp-dentin complex to restore pulp vascularization, neuralization, immune function and tubular dentin, therefore the regenerated pulp-dentin complex will have normal function. Multiple factors may significantly affect the efficacy of RET, including stem cells, biosignaling molecules and biomaterial scaffolds. Stem cells derived from dental tissues (such as dental pulp stem cells) exhibit certain advantages in RET. Combined application of multiple signaling molecules and activation of signal transduction pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin and BMP/Smad play pivotal roles in enhancing the potential of stem cell migration, proliferation, odontoblastic differentiation, and nerve and blood vessel regeneration. Biomaterials suitable for RET include naturally-derived materials and artificially synthetic materials. Artificially synthetic materials should imitate natural tissues for biomimetic modification in order to realize the temporal and spatial regulation of pulp-dentin complex regeneration. The realization of pulp-dentin complex regeneration depends on two strategies: stem cell transplantation and stem cell homing. Stem cell homing strategy does not require the isolation and culture of stem cells in vitro, so is better for clinical application. However, in order to achieve the true regeneration of pulp-dentin complex, problems related to improving the success rate of stem cell homing and promoting their proliferation and differentiation need to be solved. This article reviews the influencing factors of pulp-dentin complex regeneration and related biological strategies, and discusses the future research direction of RET, to provide reference for clinical translation and application of RET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jielin Zou
- 1. Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- 2. School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- 3. Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jing Mao
- 1. Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- 2. School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- 3. Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xin Shi
- 1. Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- 2. School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- 3. Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
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15
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Dave JR, Chandekar SS, Behera S, Desai KU, Salve PM, Sapkal NB, Mhaske ST, Dewle AM, Pokare PS, Page M, Jog A, Chivte PA, Srivastava RK, Tomar GB. Human gingival mesenchymal stem cells retain their growth and immunomodulatory characteristics independent of donor age. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm6504. [PMID: 35749495 PMCID: PMC9232118 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm6504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Aging has been reported to deteriorate the quantity and quality of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which affect their therapeutic use in regenerative medicine. A dearth of age-related stem cell research further restricts their clinical applications. The present study explores the possibility of using MSCs derived from human gingival tissues (GMSCs) for studying their ex vivo growth characteristics and differentiation potential with respect to donor age. GMSCs displayed decreased in vitro adipogenesis and in vitro and in vivo osteogenesis with age, but in vitro neurogenesis remained unaffected. An increased expression of p53 and SIRT1 with donor age was correlated to their ability of eliminating tumorigenic events through apoptosis or autophagy, respectively. Irrespective of donor age, GMSCs displayed effective immunoregulation and regenerative potential in a mouse model of LPS-induced acute lung injury. Thus, we suggest the potential of GMSCs for designing cell-based immunomodulatory therapeutic approaches and their further extrapolation for acute inflammatory conditions such as acute respiratory distress syndrome and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay R. Dave
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007 Maharashtra, India
| | - Sayali S. Chandekar
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007 Maharashtra, India
| | - Shubhanath Behera
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune, 411007 Maharashtra, India
| | - Kaushik U. Desai
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007 Maharashtra, India
| | - Pradnya M. Salve
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007 Maharashtra, India
| | - Neha B. Sapkal
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007 Maharashtra, India
| | - Suhas T. Mhaske
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007 Maharashtra, India
| | - Ankush M. Dewle
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007 Maharashtra, India
| | - Parag S. Pokare
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007 Maharashtra, India
| | - Megha Page
- Department of Dentistry, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, 411004 Maharashtra, India
| | - Ajay Jog
- Department of Dentistry, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, 411004 Maharashtra, India
| | - Pankaj A. Chivte
- Saraswati Danwantri Dental College and Hospital, Parbhani, 431401 Maharashtra, India
| | - Rupesh K. Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Geetanjali B. Tomar
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007 Maharashtra, India
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16
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Fernández-Santos ME, Garcia-Arranz M, Andreu EJ, García-Hernández AM, López-Parra M, Villarón E, Sepúlveda P, Fernández-Avilés F, García-Olmo D, Prosper F, Sánchez-Guijo F, Moraleda JM, Zapata AG. Optimization of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell (MSC) Manufacturing Processes for a Better Therapeutic Outcome. Front Immunol 2022; 13:918565. [PMID: 35812460 PMCID: PMC9261977 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.918565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MSCs products as well as their derived extracellular vesicles, are currently being explored as advanced biologics in cell-based therapies with high expectations for their clinical use in the next few years. In recent years, various strategies designed for improving the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), including pre-conditioning for enhanced cytokine production, improved cell homing and strengthening of immunomodulatory properties, have been developed but the manufacture and handling of these cells for their use as advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) remains insufficiently studied, and available data are mainly related to non-industrial processes. In the present article, we will review this topic, analyzing current information on the specific regulations, the selection of living donors as well as MSCs from different sources (bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord, etc.), in-process quality controls for ensuring cell efficiency and safety during all stages of the manual and automatic (bioreactors) manufacturing process, including cryopreservation, the use of cell banks, handling medicines, transport systems of ATMPs, among other related aspects, according to European and US legislation. Our aim is to provide a guide for a better, homogeneous manufacturing of therapeutic cellular products with special reference to MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eugenia Fernández-Santos
- Cardiology Department, HGU Gregorio Marañón. GMP-ATMPs Production Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM). Complutense University, CIBER Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Platform GMP Units from TerCel and TERAV Networks. RETIC TerCel & RICORS TERAV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Garcia-Arranz
- Platform GMP Units from TerCel and TERAV Networks. RETIC TerCel & RICORS TERAV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- New Therapies Laboratory, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD). Surgery Department, Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique J. Andreu
- Platform GMP Units from TerCel and TERAV Networks. RETIC TerCel & RICORS TERAV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Hematology Department and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra. CIBEROC and IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Maria García-Hernández
- Platform GMP Units from TerCel and TERAV Networks. RETIC TerCel & RICORS TERAV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria IMIB-Arrixaca, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Miriam López-Parra
- Platform GMP Units from TerCel and TERAV Networks. RETIC TerCel & RICORS TERAV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Cell Therapy Area and Hematology Department, IBSAL-University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Eva Villarón
- Platform GMP Units from TerCel and TERAV Networks. RETIC TerCel & RICORS TERAV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Cell Therapy Area and Hematology Department, IBSAL-University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pilar Sepúlveda
- Platform GMP Units from TerCel and TERAV Networks. RETIC TerCel & RICORS TERAV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Fernández-Avilés
- Cardiology Department, HGU Gregorio Marañón. GMP-ATMPs Production Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM). Complutense University, CIBER Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Platform GMP Units from TerCel and TERAV Networks. RETIC TerCel & RICORS TERAV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Damian García-Olmo
- Platform GMP Units from TerCel and TERAV Networks. RETIC TerCel & RICORS TERAV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- New Therapies Laboratory, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD). Surgery Department, Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe Prosper
- Platform GMP Units from TerCel and TERAV Networks. RETIC TerCel & RICORS TERAV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Hematology Department and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra. CIBEROC and IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fermin Sánchez-Guijo
- Platform GMP Units from TerCel and TERAV Networks. RETIC TerCel & RICORS TERAV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Cell Therapy Area and Hematology Department, IBSAL-University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jose M. Moraleda
- Platform GMP Units from TerCel and TERAV Networks. RETIC TerCel & RICORS TERAV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria IMIB-Arrixaca, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Agustin G. Zapata
- Platform GMP Units from TerCel and TERAV Networks. RETIC TerCel & RICORS TERAV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Maria Eugenia Fernández-Santos, ; Agustin G. Zapata,
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Donderwinkel I, Tuan RS, Cameron NR, Frith JE. Tendon tissue engineering: Current progress towards an optimized tenogenic differentiation protocol for human stem cells. Acta Biomater 2022; 145:25-42. [PMID: 35470075 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tendons are integral to our daily lives by allowing movement and locomotion but are frequently injured, leading to patient discomfort and impaired mobility. Current clinical procedures are unable to fully restore the native structure of the tendon, resulting in loss of full functionality, and the weakened tissue following repair often re-ruptures. Tendon tissue engineering, involving the combination of cells with biomaterial scaffolds to form new tendon tissue, holds promise to improve patient outcomes. A key requirement for efficacy in promoting tendon tissue formation is the optimal differentiation of the starting cell populations, most commonly adult tissue-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), into tenocytes, the predominant cellular component of tendon tissue. Currently, a lack of consensus on the protocols for effective tenogenic differentiation is hampering progress in tendon tissue engineering. In this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge regarding human stem cell differentiation towards tenocytes and tendon tissue formation. Tendon development and healing mechanisms are described, followed by a comprehensive overview of the current protocols for tenogenic differentiation, including the effects of biochemical and biophysical cues, and their combination, on tenogenesis. Lastly, a synthesis of the key features of these protocols is used to design future approaches. The holistic evaluation of current knowledge should facilitate and expedite the development of efficacious stem cell tenogenic differentiation protocols with future impact in tendon tissue engineering. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The lack of a widely-adopted tenogenic differentiation protocol has been a major hurdle in the tendon tissue engineering field. Building on current knowledge on tendon development and tendon healing, this review surveys peer-reviewed protocols to present a holistic evaluation and propose a pathway to facilitate and expedite the development of a consensus protocol for stem cell tenogenic differentiation and tendon tissue engineering.
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Selle M, Koch JD, Ongsiek A, Ulbrich L, Ye W, Jiang Z, Krettek C, Neunaber C, Noack S. Influence of age on stem cells depends on the sex of the bone marrow donor. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:1594-1605. [PMID: 35088539 PMCID: PMC8899192 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing is often accompanied by an increase in bone marrow fat together with reduced bone volume and diseases of the bone such as osteoporosis. As mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are capable of forming bone, cartilage and fat tissue, studying these cells is of great importance to understand the underlying mechanisms behind age‐related bone diseases. However, inter‐donor variation has been found when handling MSCs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of donor age and sex by comparing in vitro characteristics of human bone marrow‐derived MSCs (hBMSCs) from a large donor cohort (n = 175). For this, hBMSCs were analysed for CFU‐F capacity, proliferation, differentiation capacity and surface antigen expression under standardized culture conditions. The results demonstrated a significantly reduced CFU‐F number for hBMSCs of female compared to male donors. Furthermore, there was a significant decrease in the proliferation rate, adipogenic differentiation potential and cell surface expression of SSEA‐4, CD146 and CD274 of hBMSCs with an increase in donor age. Interestingly, all these findings were exclusive to hBMSCs from female donors. Further research should focus on postmenopausal‐related effects on hBMSCs, as the results imply a functional loss and immunophenotypic change of hBMSCs particularly in aged women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Selle
- Trauma Department, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Alina Ongsiek
- Trauma Department, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Linnea Ulbrich
- Trauma Department, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Weikang Ye
- Trauma Department, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Zhida Jiang
- Trauma Department, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | - Sandra Noack
- Trauma Department, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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19
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Haseli M, Castilla-Casadiego DA, Pinzon-Herrera L, Hillsley A, Miranda-Munoz KA, Sivaraman S, Rosales AM, Rao RR, Almodovar J. Immunomodulatory functions of human mesenchymal stromal cells are enhanced when cultured on HEP/COL multilayers supplemented with interferon-gamma. Mater Today Bio 2022; 13:100194. [PMID: 35005599 PMCID: PMC8715375 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) are multipotent cells that have been proposed for cell therapies due to their immunosuppressive capacity that can be enhanced in the presence of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). In this study, multilayers of heparin (HEP) and collagen (COL) (HEP/COL) were used as a bioactive surface to enhance the immunomodulatory activity of hMSCs using soluble IFN-γ. Multilayers were formed, via layer-by-layer assembly, varying the final layer between COL and HEP and supplemented with IFN-γ in the culture medium. We evaluated the viability, adhesion, real-time growth, differentiation, and immunomodulatory activity of hMSCs on (HEP/COL) multilayers. HMSCs viability, adhesion, and growth were superior when cultured on (HEP/COL) multilayers compared to tissue culture plastic. We also confirmed that hMSCs osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation remained unaffected when cultured in (HEP/COL) multilayers in the presence of IFN-γ. We measured the immunomodulatory activity of hMSCs by measuring the level of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) expression. IDO expression was higher on (HEP/COL) multilayers treated with IFN-γ. Lastly, we evaluated the suppression of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation when co-cultured with hMSCs on (HEP/COL) multilayers with IFN-γ. hMSCs cultured in (HEP/COL) multilayers in the presence of soluble IFN-γ have a greater capacity to suppress PBMC proliferation. Altogether, (HEP/COL) multilayers with IFN-γ in culture medium provides a potent means of enhancing and sustaining immunomodulatory activity to control hMSCs immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Haseli
- Ralph E. Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 3202 Bell Engineering Center, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - David A. Castilla-Casadiego
- Ralph E. Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 3202 Bell Engineering Center, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
- Mcketta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Luis Pinzon-Herrera
- Ralph E. Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 3202 Bell Engineering Center, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Alexander Hillsley
- Mcketta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Katherine A. Miranda-Munoz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Srikanth Sivaraman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Adrianne M. Rosales
- Mcketta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Raj R. Rao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Jorge Almodovar
- Ralph E. Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 3202 Bell Engineering Center, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
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20
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Ueno M, Zhang N, Hirata H, Barati D, Utsunomiya T, Shen H, Lin T, Maruyama M, Huang E, Yao Z, Wu JY, Zwingenberger S, Yang F, Goodman SB. Sex Differences in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy With Gelatin-Based Microribbon Hydrogels in a Murine Long Bone Critical-Size Defect Model. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:755964. [PMID: 34738008 PMCID: PMC8560789 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.755964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy and novel biomaterials are promising strategies for healing of long bone critical size defects. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) over-expressing MSCs within a gelatin microribbon (µRB) scaffold was previously shown to enhance the bridging of bone within a critical size femoral bone defect in male Balb/c mice. Whether sex differences affect the healing of this bone defect in conjunction with different treatments is unknown. In this study, we generated 2-mm critical-sized femoral diaphyseal bone defects in 10–12-week-old female and male Balb/c mice. Scaffolds without cells and with unmodified MSCs were implanted immediately after the primary surgery that created the bone defect; scaffolds with IL-4 over-expressing MSCs were implanted 3 days after the primary surgery, to avoid the adverse effects of IL-4 on the initial inflammatory phase of fracture healing. Mice were euthanized 6 weeks after the primary surgery and femurs were collected. MicroCT (µCT), histochemical and immunohistochemical analyses were subsequently performed of the defect site. µRB scaffolds with IL-4 over-expressing MSCs enhanced bone healing in both female and male mice. Male mice showed higher measures of bone bridging and increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) positive areas, total macrophages and M2 macrophages compared with female mice after receiving scaffolds with IL-4 over-expressing MSCs. Female mice showed higher Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP) positive osteoclast numbers compared with male mice. These results demonstrated that sex differences should be considered during the application of MSC-based studies of bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Ueno
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Hirohito Hirata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Danial Barati
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Takeshi Utsunomiya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Huaishuang Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Tzuhua Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Masahiro Maruyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Ejun Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Zhenyu Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Joy Y Wu
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Stefan Zwingenberger
- University Center for Orthopaedics, Traumatology, and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Stuart B Goodman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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21
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Genetic profiling of human bone marrow and adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells reveals differences in osteogenic signaling mediated by graphene. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:285. [PMID: 34551771 PMCID: PMC8459567 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last decade, graphene surfaces have consistently supported osteoblast development of stem cells, holding promise as a therapeutic implant for degenerative bone diseases. However, until now no study has specifically examined the genetic changes when stem cells undergo osteogenic differentiation on graphene. RESULTS In this study, we provide a detailed overview of gene expressions when human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from either adipose tissue (AD-MSCs) or bone marrow (BM-MSCs), are cultured on graphene. Genetic expressions were measured using osteogenic RT2 profiler PCR arrays and compared either over time (7 or 21 days) or between each cell source at each time point. Genes were categorized as either transcriptional regulation, osteoblast-related, extracellular matrix, cellular adhesion, BMP and SMAD signaling, growth factors, or angiogenic factors. Results showed that both MSC sources cultured on low oxygen graphene surfaces achieved osteogenesis by 21 days and expressed specific osteoblast markers. However, each MSC source cultured on graphene did have genetically different responses. When compared between each other, we found that genes of BM-MSCs were robustly expressed, and more noticeable after 7 days of culturing, suggesting BM-MSCs initiate osteogenesis at an earlier time point than AD-MSCs on graphene. Additionally, we found upregulated angiogenic markers in both MSCs sources, suggesting graphene could simultaneously attract the ingrowth of blood vessels in vivo. Finally, we identified several novel targets, including distal-less homeobox 5 (DLX5) and phosphate-regulating endopeptidase homolog, X-linked (PHEX). CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study shows that graphene genetically supports differentiation of both AD-MSCs and BM-MSCs but may involve different signaling mechanisms to achieve osteogenesis. Data further demonstrates the lack of aberrant signaling due to cell-graphene interaction, strengthening the application of specific form and concentration of graphene nanoparticles in bone tissue engineering.
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22
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Functional heterogeneity of IFN-γ-licensed mesenchymal stromal cell immunosuppressive capacity on biomaterials. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2105972118. [PMID: 34446555 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2105972118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are increasingly combined with biomaterials to enhance their therapeutic properties, including their immunosuppressive function. However, clinical trials utilizing MSCs with or without biomaterials have shown limited success, potentially due to their functional heterogeneity across different donors and among different subpopulations of cells. Here, we evaluated the immunosuppressive capacity, as measured by the ability to reduce T-cell proliferation and activation, of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)-licensed MSCs from multiple donors on fibrin and collagen hydrogels, the two most commonly utilized biomaterials in combination with MSCs in clinical trials worldwide according to ClinicalTrials.gov Variations in the immunosuppressive capacity between IFN-γ-licensed MSC donors on the biomaterials correlated with the magnitude of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase activity. Immunosuppressive capacity of the IFN-γ-licensed MSCs depended on the αV/α5 integrins when cultured on fibrin and on the α2/β1 integrins when cultured on collagen. While all tested MSCs were nearly 100% positive for these integrins, sorted MSCs that expressed higher levels of αV/α5 integrins demonstrated greater immunosuppressive capacity with IFN-γ licensing than MSCs that expressed lower levels of these integrins on fibrin. These findings were equivalent for MSCs sorted based on the α2/β1 integrins on collagen. These results demonstrate the importance of integrin engagement to IFN-γ licensed MSC immunosuppressive capacity and that IFN-γ-licensed MSC subpopulations of varying immunosuppressive capacity can be identified by the magnitude of integrin expression specific to each biomaterial.
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23
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Bao C, He C. The role and therapeutic potential of MSC-derived exosomes in osteoarthritis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 710:109002. [PMID: 34352243 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.109002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common painful disease with chronic articular cartilage degeneration. The pathological process of OA is complex and characterized by the imbalance between the synthesis and catabolism of chondrocytes and extracellular matrix, leading to the progressive destruction of articular cartilage damage. Because of the self-renewal and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), various exogenous MSC-based cell therapies have been developed to treat OA. Moreover, the efficacy of MSC- based therapy is mainly attributed to the paracrine of cytokines, growth factors, and exosomes. Exosomes derived from MSCs can deliver various DNAs, RNAs, proteins and lipids, thus promoting MSCs migration and cartilage repair. Therefore, MSC-derived exosomes are considered as a promising alternative therapy for OA. In this review, we summarized properties of MSC-derived exosomes and the new role of MSC-derived exosomes in the treatment of OA. We also proposed possible perspectives of MSC-derived exosomes as cell-free regenerative reagents in the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuncha Bao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengqi He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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24
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Hamed GM, Nassef NA, Mansour RSAE, Shawky MKE, Zeid AAA, Hassan AA. The Effect of Early Application of a Combined Therapy of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Platelet-Rich Plasma on Blood and Bone Parameters in Ovariectomized Rats. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093021040219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Elseweidy MM, El-Swefy SE, Shaheen MA, Baraka NM, Hammad SK. Effect of resveratrol and mesenchymal stem cell monotherapy and combined treatment in management of osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats: Role of SIRT1/FOXO3a and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 703:108856. [PMID: 33781770 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder that is common in postmenopausal women. It is characterized by deteriorated bone mass and microarchitecture. In this study, we aimed to explore the effects and molecular mechanisms of resveratrol and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) individual and combined treatment in management of osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats. Our results demonstrated that treatment of ovariectomized rats with resveratrol or MSCs improved bone mass and microstructure as indicated by increased bone mineral content and density. Moreover, resveratrol and MSCs stimulated osteogenesis as shown by increased levels of osteogenic markers such as runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2). In addition, resveratrol and MSCs inhibited adipogenesis and osteoclastogenesis as indicated by the suppression of the adipogenic marker, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and the osteoclastogenesis marker, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL). Mechanistically, our results showed that management of osteoporosis in resveratrol or MSC treated rats was achieved by activating two signaling pathways, sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and wingless-related MMTV integration site (Wnt). Finally, the combination of resveratrol and MSCs was more effective in increasing bone mass and improving osteoporosis than individual treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Elseweidy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Sahar E El-Swefy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Shaheen
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Nourhan M Baraka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Sally K Hammad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
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26
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Delineating the heterogeneity of matrix-directed differentiation toward soft and stiff tissue lineages via single-cell profiling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2016322118. [PMID: 33941688 PMCID: PMC8126831 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2016322118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical utility of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) in mediating immunosuppressive effects and supporting regenerative processes is broadly established. However, the inherent heterogeneity of MSCs compromises its biomedical efficacy and reproducibility. To study how cellular variation affects fate decision-making processes, we perform single-cell RNA sequencing at multiple time points during bipotential matrix-directed differentiation toward soft- and stiff tissue lineages. In this manner, we identify distinctive MSC subpopulations that are characterized by their multipotent differentiation capacity and mechanosensitivity. Also, whole-genome screening highlights TPM1 as a potent mechanotransducer of matrix signals and regulator of cell differentiation. Thus, by introducing single-cell methodologies into mechanobiology, we delineate the complexity of adult stem cell responses to extracellular cues in tissue regeneration and immunomodulation. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) form a heterogeneous population of multipotent progenitors that contribute to tissue regeneration and homeostasis. MSCs assess extracellular elasticity by probing resistance to applied forces via adhesion, cytoskeletal, and nuclear mechanotransducers that direct differentiation toward soft or stiff tissue lineages. Even under controlled culture conditions, MSC differentiation exhibits substantial cell-to-cell variation that remains poorly characterized. By single-cell transcriptional profiling of nonconditioned, matrix-conditioned, and early differentiating cells, we identified distinct MSC subpopulations with distinct mechanosensitivities, differentiation capacities, and cell cycling. We show that soft matrices support adipogenesis of multipotent cells and early endochondral ossification of nonadipogenic cells, whereas intramembranous ossification and preosteoblast proliferation are directed by stiff matrices. Using diffusion pseudotime mapping, we outline hierarchical matrix-directed differentiation and perform whole-genome screening of mechanoresponsive genes. Specifically, top-ranked tropomyosin-1 is highly sensitive to stiffness cues both at RNA and protein levels, and changes in TPM1 expression determine the differentiation toward soft versus stiff tissue lineage. Consistent with actin stress fiber stabilization, tropomyosin-1 overexpression maintains YAP1 nuclear localization, activates YAP1 target genes, and directs osteogenic differentiation. Knockdown of tropomyosin-1 reversed YAP1 nuclear localization consistent with relaxation of cellular contractility, suppressed osteogenesis, activated early endochondral ossification genes after 3 d of culture in induction medium, and facilitated adipogenic differentiation after 1 wk. Our results delineate cell-to-cell variation of matrix-directed MSC differentiation and highlight tropomyosin-mediated matrix sensing.
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27
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Liu H, Han X, Yang H, Cao Y, Zhang C, Du J, Diao S, Fan Z. GREM1 inhibits osteogenic differentiation, senescence and BMP transcription of adipose-derived stem cells. Connect Tissue Res 2021; 62:325-336. [PMID: 32151168 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2020.1736054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are ideal for cell-based therapies to support bone regeneration. It is vital to understand the critical genes and molecular mechanisms involved in the functional regulation of ADSCs for enhancing bone regeneration. In the present study, we investigated the Gremlin 1 (GREM1) effect on ADSCs osteogenic differentiation and senescence.Materials and methods: The in vitro ADSCs osteogenic differentiation potential was evaluated by determining alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization ability, and the expression of osteogenic markers. Cell senescence is determined by SA-β-gal staining, telomerase assay, and the expression of aging markers.Results: GREM1 overexpression in ADSCs reduced ALP activity and mineralization, inhibited the expression of osteogenic related genes OCN, OPN, DSPP, DMP1, and BSP, and key transcription factors, RUNX2 and OSX. GREM1 knockdown in ADSCs enhanced ALP activity and mineralization, promoted the expression of OCN, OPN, DSPP, DMP1, BSP, RUNX2, and OSX. GREM1 overexpression in ADSCs reduced the percent SA-β-Gal positive cells, P16 and P53 expressions, and increased telomerase activity. GREM1 knockdown in ADSCs increased the percentage of SA-β-Gal positive cells, P16 and P53 expressions, and reduced telomerase activity. Furthermore, GREM1 reduced the mRNA expression levels of BMP2, BMP6, and BMP7.Conclusions: In summary, our findings suggested that GREM1 inhibited ADSCs senescence and osteogenic differentiation and antagonized BMP transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huina Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haoqing Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyang Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Diao
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhipeng Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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28
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Isolation and characterization of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in Xenopus laevis. Stem Cell Res 2021; 53:102341. [PMID: 33892293 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that exist in mesenchymal tissues such as bone marrow and are able to differentiate into osteocytes, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. MSCs are generally collected as adherent cells on a plastic dish, and are positive for markers such as CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105 and CD166, and negative for CD11b, CD14, CD19, CD31, CD34, CD45, CD79a and HLA-DR. MSCs have been established from many kinds of mammals, but MSCs from amphibians have not yet been reported. We cultured adherent cells from the bone marrow of Xenopus laevis by modifying the protocol for culturing mammalian MSCs. The morphology of these cells was similar to that of mammalian MSCs. The amphibian MSCs were positive for cd44, cd73, cd90 and cd166, and negative for cd11b, cd14, cd19, cd31, cd34, cd45, cd79a and hla-dra. Moreover, they could be induced to differentiate into osteocyte-, chondrocyte-, and adipocyte-lineage cells by cytokine induction systems that were similar to those used for mammalian MSC differentiation. Thus, they are considered to be similar to mammalian MSCs. Unlike mammals, amphibians have high regenerative capacity. The findings from the present study will allow for future research to reveal how Xenopus MSCs are involved in the amphibian regenerative capacity and to elucidate the differences in the regenerative capacity between mammals and amphibians.
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29
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Murali VP, Holmes CA. Biomaterial-based extracellular vesicle delivery for therapeutic applications. Acta Biomater 2021; 124:88-107. [PMID: 33454381 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicle (EV)- based therapies have been successfully tested in preclinical models for several biomedical applications, including tissue engineering, drug delivery and cancer therapy. However, EVs are most commonly delivered via local or systemic injection, which results in rapid clearance. In order to prolong the retention of EVs at target site and improve their therapeutic efficacy, biomaterial-based delivery systems are being investigated. This review discusses the various biomaterial-based systems that have been used to deliver EVs for therapeutic applications, specifically highlighting any strategies for controlled release. Further, challenges to clinical translation of biomaterial-based EV delivery systems are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Priya Murali
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Florida A&M University-Florida State University, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Room A131, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA.
| | - Christina A Holmes
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Florida A&M University-Florida State University, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Room A131, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA.
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30
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Chen S, Su X, Liu J, Shi Y, Wu M, Xu M, Zhang F, Tang M. [Regulatory effect of CCN3 on proliferation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts and its mechanism]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:79-86. [PMID: 33509757 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.01.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of NOV/CCN3 in regulating the proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and its regulatory mechanism and assess the value of CCN3 as a proliferative factor in bone tissue engineering. METHODS Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were used as the MSC model, in which CCN3 expression was up-regulated and downregulated by transfection with the recombinant adenovirus vectors Ad-CCN3 and Ad-siCCN3, respectively. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the changes in cell cycle and apoptosis of the transfected cells. Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of the proliferation indicators (PCNA, cyclin E, and cyclin B1) and the apoptosis indicators (Bax and Bcl-2) to assess the effect of modulation of CCN3 expression on MEF proliferation and apoptosis. CCN3 protein secretion by the cells was detected using ELISA. RT-qPCR and Western blotting were employed to analyze the changes in the expressions of Notch1, ligand DLL1, the downstream key proteins or genes (Hey1, P300, H3K9) and MAPK pathway-related proteins ERK1+2 and p-ERK1+2. RESULTS Flow cytometry showed that compared with the control cells, MEFs transfected with Ad-CCN3 exhibited significantly increased cell proliferation index (P < 0.01) and lowered cell apoptosis rate (P < 0.05) with obviously enhanced expressions of PCNA, cyclin E and Bcl-2 proteins (P < 0.05). The results of RT-qPCR and Western blotting demonstrated that CCN3 overexpression significantly promoted the expression of Notch1 in the Notch signaling pathway (P < 0.001), inhibited the expressions of DLL1, Hey1, P300, and H3K9 (P < 0.05), and increased the protein expressions of ERK1+2 and P-ERk1+2 in the MAPK pathway (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS CCN3 over-expression promotes the proliferation and inhibits apoptosis of MEFs possibly by inhibiting the classical Notch signaling pathway and activating the MAPK pathway via binding to Notch1, suggesting the potential value of CCN3 as a proliferative factor of MSCs in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Chen
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University//Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics of Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xin Su
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University//Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics of Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Junping Liu
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University//Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics of Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yutong Shi
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University//Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics of Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Minmin Wu
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University//Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics of Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Mengqi Xu
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University//Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics of Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Fengmei Zhang
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University//Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics of Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Min Tang
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University//Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics of Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400016, China
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Identification of ALP+/CD73+ defining markers for enhanced osteogenic potential in human adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells by mass cytometry. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:7. [PMID: 33407847 PMCID: PMC7789251 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02044-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impressive progress in the field of stem cell research in the past decades has provided the ground for the development of cell-based therapy. Mesenchymal stromal cells obtained from adipose tissue (AD-MSCs) represent a viable source for the development of cell-based therapies. However, the heterogeneity and variable differentiation ability of AD-MSCs depend on the cellular composition and represent a strong limitation for their use in therapeutic applications. In order to fully understand the cellular composition of MSC preparations, it would be essential to analyze AD-MSCs at single-cell level. METHOD Recent advances in single-cell technologies have opened the way for high-dimensional, high-throughput, and high-resolution measurements of biological systems. We made use of the cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF) technology to explore the cellular composition of 17 human AD-MSCs, interrogating 31 markers at single-cell level. Subcellular composition of the AD-MSCs was investigated in their naïve state as well as during osteogenic commitment, via unsupervised dimensionality reduction as well as supervised representation learning approaches. RESULT This study showed a high heterogeneity and variability in the subcellular composition of AD-MSCs upon isolation and prolonged culture. Algorithm-guided identification of emerging subpopulations during osteogenic differentiation of AD-MSCs allowed the identification of an ALP+/CD73+ subpopulation of cells with enhanced osteogenic differentiation potential. We could demonstrate in vitro that the sorted ALP+/CD73+ subpopulation exhibited enhanced osteogenic potential and is moreover fundamental for osteogenic lineage commitment. We finally showed that this subpopulation was present in freshly isolated human adipose-derived stromal vascular fractions (SVFs) and that could ultimately be used for cell therapies. CONCLUSION The data obtained reveal, at single-cell level, the heterogeneity of AD-MSCs from several donors and highlight how cellular composition impacts the osteogenic differentiation capacity. The marker combination (ALP/CD73) can not only be used to assess the differentiation potential of undifferentiated AD-MSC preparations, but also could be employed to prospectively enrich AD-MSCs from the stromal vascular fraction of human adipose tissue for therapeutic applications.
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32
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Bagge J, MacLeod JN, Berg LC. Cellular Proliferation of Equine Bone Marrow- and Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Decline With Increasing Donor Age. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:602403. [PMID: 33363241 PMCID: PMC7758322 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.602403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bone marrow (BM)- and adipose tissue (AT)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are used increasingly for autologous cell therapy in equine practice to treat musculoskeletal and other injuries. Current recommendations often call for 10–100 million MSCs per treatment, necessitating the expansion of primary cells in culture prior to therapeutic use. Of concern, human and rodent studies have shown a decline of both MSC recovery from sampled tissue and in vitro proliferative capacity with increasing donor age. This may be problematic for applications of autologous cell-based therapies in the important equine demographic of older patients. Objectives: To investigate the effect of donor age on the cellular proliferation of equine BM- and AT-MSCs. Study Design:In vitro study. Methods: BM- and AT-MSCs and dermal fibroblasts (biological control) were harvested from horses in five different age groups (n = 4, N = 60); newborn (0 days), yearling (15–17 months), adult (5–8 years), middle-aged (12–18 years), and geriatric (≥22 years). Proliferation of the cells was tested using an EdU incorporation assay and steady state mRNA levels measured for targeted proliferation, aging, and senescence biomarkers. Results: The cellular proliferation of equine BM- and AT-MSCs declined significantly in the geriatric cohort relative to the younger age groups. Proliferation levels in the two MSC types were equally affected by donor age. Analysis of steady state mRNA levels showed an up-regulation in tumor suppressors, apoptotic genes, and multiple growth factors in MSCs from old horses, and a down-regulation of some pro-cycling genes with a few differences between cell types. Main Limitations: Potential age-dependent differences in cell function parameters relevant to cell-therapy application were not investigated. Conclusions: The cellular proliferation of equine BM- and AT-MSCs declined at advanced donor ages. High levels of in vitro proliferation were observed in both MSC types from horses in the age groups below 18 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Bagge
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - James N MacLeod
- Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Lise C Berg
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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33
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Johnstone BH, Miller HM, Beck MR, Gu D, Thirumala S, LaFontaine M, Brandacher G, Woods EJ. Identification and characterization of a large source of primary mesenchymal stem cells tightly adhered to bone surfaces of human vertebral body marrow cavities. Cytotherapy 2020; 22:617-628. [PMID: 32873509 PMCID: PMC8919862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Therapeutic allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are currently in clinical trials to evaluate their effectiveness in treating many different disease indications. Eventual commercialization for broad distribution will require further improvements in manufacturing processes to economically manufacture MSCs at scales sufficient to satisfy projected demands. A key contributor to the present high cost of goods sold for MSC manufacturing is the need to create master cell banks from multiple donors, which leads to variability in large-scale manufacturing runs. Therefore, the availability of large single donor depots of primary MSCs would greatly benefit the cell therapy market by reducing costs associated with manufacturing. Methods: We have discovered that an abundant population of cells possessing all the hallmarks of MSCs is tightly associated with the vertebral body (VB) bone matrix and only liberated by proteolytic digestion. Here we demonstrate that these vertebral bone-adherent (vBA) MSCs possess all the International Society of Cell and Gene Therapy-defined characteristics (e.g., plastic adherence, surface marker expression and trilineage differentiation) of MSCs, and we have therefore termed them vBA-MSCs to distinguish this population from loosely associated MSCs recovered through aspiration or rinsing of the bone marrow compartment. Results: Pilot banking and expansion were performed with vBA-MSCs obtained from 3 deceased donors, and it was demonstrated that bank sizes averaging 2.9 × 108 ± 1.35 × 108 vBA-MSCs at passage 1 were obtainable from only 5 g of digested VB bone fragments. Each bank of cells demonstrated robust proliferation through a total of 9 passages, without significant reduction in population doubling times. The theoretical total cell yield from the entire amount of bone fragments (approximately 300 g) from each donor with limited expansion through 4 passages is 100 trillion (1 × 1014) vBA-MSCs, equating to over 105 doses at 10 × 106 cells/kg for an average 70-kg recipient. Discussion: Thus, we have established a novel and plentiful source of MSCs that will benefit the cell therapy market by overcoming manufacturing and regulatory inefficiencies due to donor-to-donor variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian H Johnstone
- Ossium Health, Inc, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
| | - Hannah M Miller
- Ossium Health, Inc, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Madelyn R Beck
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Dongsheng Gu
- Ossium Health, Inc, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Sreedhar Thirumala
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Michael LaFontaine
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Gerald Brandacher
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Erik J Woods
- Ossium Health, Inc, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
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Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells: The Prospect of Human Clinical Translation. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8837654. [PMID: 33953753 PMCID: PMC8063852 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8837654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) are key players in regenerative medicine, relying principally on their differentiation/regeneration potential, immunomodulatory properties, paracrine effects, and potent homing ability with minimal if any ethical concerns. Even though multiple preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated remarkable properties for MSCs, the clinical applicability of MSC-based therapies is still questionable. Several challenges exist that critically hinder a successful clinical translation of MSC-based therapies, including but not limited to heterogeneity of their populations, variability in their quality and quantity, donor-related factors, discrepancies in protocols for isolation, in vitro expansion and premodification, and variability in methods of cell delivery, dosing, and cell homing. Alterations of MSC viability, proliferation, properties, and/or function are also affected by various drugs and chemicals. Moreover, significant safety concerns exist due to possible teratogenic/neoplastic potential and transmission of infectious diseases. Through the current review, we aim to highlight the major challenges facing MSCs' human clinical translation and shed light on the undergoing strategies to overcome them.
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35
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Zhang N, Zhu J, Ma Q, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Hu X, Chen J, Zhu W, Han Z, Yu H. Exosomes derived from human umbilical cord MSCs rejuvenate aged MSCs and enhance their functions for myocardial repair. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:273. [PMID: 32641103 PMCID: PMC7346506 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01782-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Age and other cardiovascular risk factors have been reported to impair the activities of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which will affect the efficacy of stem cell transplantation. The objective of the study is to investigate whether exosomes derived from human umbilical cord MSCs (UMSCs) could enhance the activities of bone marrow MSCs from old person (OMSCs), and improve their capacity for cardiac repair. Methods Exosomes extracted from conditioned medium of UMSCs were used to treat OMSCs to generate OMSCsExo. The key molecule in the exosomes that have potential to rejuvenate aged MSCs were screened, and the role of OMSC was tested in the mouse model of mycardial infarction (MI). Results We found the activity of senescence-associated β-galactosidase and the expression of aging-related factors such as p53, p21, and p16 were significantly higher in OMSCs than those in UMSCs. After treatment with UMSC exosomes, these senescence phenotypes of OMSCs were remarkably reduced. The proliferation, migration, differentiation, and anti-apoptotic and paracrine effect were increased in OMSCsExo. In vivo study, mice with cardiac infarction had significantly better cardiac function, less fibrosis, and more angiogenesis after they were injected with OMSCsExo as compared with those with OMSC. There was more miR-136 expression in UMSCs and OMSCsExo than in OMSCs. Upregulation of miR-136 by transfection of miR-136 mimic into OMSCs significantly attenuated the apoptosis and senescence of OMSCs. Apoptotic peptidase activating factor (Apaf1) was found to be the downstream gene that is negatively regulated by miR-136 via directly targeting at its 3′UTR. Conclusion Our data suggest that exosomes from young MSCs can improve activities of aged MSCs and enhance their function for myocardial repair by transferring exosomal miR-136 and downregulating Apaf1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Rd, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, 88 Jiefang Rd, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyun Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Rd, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, 88 Jiefang Rd, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qunchao Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Rd, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, 88 Jiefang Rd, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Rd, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, 88 Jiefang Rd, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingchao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Rd, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, 88 Jiefang Rd, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Rd, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, 88 Jiefang Rd, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Rd, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, 88 Jiefang Rd, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Rd, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, 88 Jiefang Rd, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongchao Han
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Perinatal Stem Cells, Beijing Institute of Health and Stem Cells, Health & Biotech Co, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Rd, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China. .,Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, 88 Jiefang Rd, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
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McNeill EP, Zeitouni S, Pan S, Haskell A, Cesarek M, Tahan D, Clough BH, Krause U, Dobson LK, Garcia M, Kung C, Zhao Q, Saunders WB, Liu F, Kaunas R, Gregory CA. Characterization of a pluripotent stem cell-derived matrix with powerful osteoregenerative capabilities. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3025. [PMID: 32541821 PMCID: PMC7295745 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16646-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 10% of fractures will not heal without intervention. Current treatments can be marginally effective, costly, and some have adverse effects. A safe and manufacturable mimic of anabolic bone is the primary goal of bone engineering, but achieving this is challenging. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), are excellent candidates for engineering bone, but lack reproducibility due to donor source and culture methodology. The need for a bioactive attachment substrate also hinders progress. Herein, we describe a highly osteogenic MSC line generated from induced pluripotent stem cells that generates high yields of an osteogenic cell-matrix (ihOCM) in vitro. In mice, the intrinsic osteogenic activity of ihOCM surpasses bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP2) driving healing of calvarial defects in 4 weeks by a mechanism mediated in part by collagen VI and XII. We propose that ihOCM may represent an effective replacement for autograft and BMP products used commonly in bone tissue engineering. Production of a safe and manufacturable material to mimic anabolic bone for tissue engineering has been hard to achieve to date. Here the authors use a mesenchymal stem cell line generated from induced pluripotent stem cells to produce osteogenic cell-matrix, displaying significant healing properties in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin P McNeill
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Suzanne Zeitouni
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Simin Pan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Andrew Haskell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Michael Cesarek
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Daniel Tahan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Bret H Clough
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Ulf Krause
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Lauren K Dobson
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Mayra Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Christopher Kung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Qingguo Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - W Brian Saunders
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Roland Kaunas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - Carl A Gregory
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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Wang Y, Zhang J, Su Y, Wang C, Zhang G, Liu X, Chen Q, Lv M, Chang Y, Peng J, Hou M, Huang X, Zhang X. miRNA-98-5p Targeting IGF2BP1 Induces Mesenchymal Stem Cell Apoptosis by Modulating PI3K/Akt and p53 in Immune Thrombocytopenia. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 20:764-776. [PMID: 32428701 PMCID: PMC7232042 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a common hematological autoimmune disease, in which defective mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are potentially involved. Our previous study suggested that MSCs in ITP patients displayed enhanced apoptosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in ITP by affecting megakaryopoiesis, platelet production and immunoregulation, whereas the roles of miRNAs in ITP-MSCs remain unknown. In a previous study, we performed microarray analysis to obtain mRNA and miRNA profiles of ITP-MSCs. In the present study, we reanalyze the data and identify miR-98-5p as a candidate miRNA contributing to MSC deficiency in ITP. miR-98-5p acts through targeting insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1), and the subsequent downregulation of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) causes inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway, which is involved in the process of MSC deficiency. Furthermore, miR-98-5p upregulates p53 by inhibiting β-transducin repeat-containing protein (β-TrCP)-dependent p53 ubiquitination. Moreover, miR-98-5p overexpression impairs the therapeutic effect of MSCs in ITP mice. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) protects MSCs from apoptosis by downregulating miR-98-5p, thus providing a potential therapeutic approach for ITP. Our findings demonstrate that miR-98-5p is a critical regulator of ITP-MSCs, which will help us thoroughly understand the pathogenesis of ITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing 100044, China; National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing 100044, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jiamin Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing 100044, China; National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing 100044, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yan Su
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing 100044, China; National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing 100044, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Chencong Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing 100044, China; National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing 100044, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Gaochao Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing 100044, China; National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing 100044, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing 100044, China; National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing 100044, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing 100044, China; National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing 100044, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Meng Lv
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing 100044, China; National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing 100044, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yingjun Chang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing 100044, China; National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing 100044, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ming Hou
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiaojun Huang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing 100044, China; National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing 100044, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing 100044, China; National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing 100044, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China.
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Lienemann PS, Vallmajo‐Martin Q, Papageorgiou P, Blache U, Metzger S, Kiveliö A, Milleret V, Sala A, Hoehnel S, Roch A, Reuten R, Koch M, Naveiras O, Weber FE, Weber W, Lutolf MP, Ehrbar M. Smart Hydrogels for the Augmentation of Bone Regeneration by Endogenous Mesenchymal Progenitor Cell Recruitment. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1903395. [PMID: 32274319 PMCID: PMC7141038 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201903395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of bone defects with recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) requires high doses precluding broad clinical application. Here, a bioengineering approach is presented that strongly improves low-dose BMP-2-based bone regeneration by mobilizing healing-associated mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs). Smart synthetic hydrogels are used to trap and study endogenous MPCs trafficking to bone defects. Hydrogel-trapped and prospectively isolated MPCs differentiate into multiple lineages in vitro and form bone in vivo. In vitro screenings reveal that platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) strongly recruits prospective MPCs making it a promising candidate for the engineering of hydrogels that enrich endogenous MPCs in vivo. However, PDGF-BB inhibits BMP-2-mediated osteogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, smart two-way dynamic release hydrogels with fast-release of PDGF-BB and sustained delivery of BMP-2 beneficially promote the healing of bone defects. Collectively, it is shown that modulating the dynamics of endogenous progenitor cells in vivo by smart synthetic hydrogels significantly improves bone healing and holds great potential for other advanced applications in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp S. Lienemann
- Department of ObstetricsUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichSchmelzbergstr. 12Zurich8091Switzerland
- Institute of BioengineeringSchool of Life Sciences and School of EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Station 15Lausanne1015Switzerland
| | - Queralt Vallmajo‐Martin
- Department of ObstetricsUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichSchmelzbergstr. 12Zurich8091Switzerland
- Institute of BioengineeringSchool of Life Sciences and School of EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Station 15Lausanne1015Switzerland
| | - Panagiota Papageorgiou
- Department of ObstetricsUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichSchmelzbergstr. 12Zurich8091Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Blache
- Department of ObstetricsUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichSchmelzbergstr. 12Zurich8091Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Metzger
- Department of ObstetricsUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichSchmelzbergstr. 12Zurich8091Switzerland
- Institute of BioengineeringSchool of Life Sciences and School of EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Station 15Lausanne1015Switzerland
| | - Anna‐Sofia Kiveliö
- Department of ObstetricsUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichSchmelzbergstr. 12Zurich8091Switzerland
- Institute of BioengineeringSchool of Life Sciences and School of EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Station 15Lausanne1015Switzerland
| | - Vincent Milleret
- Department of ObstetricsUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichSchmelzbergstr. 12Zurich8091Switzerland
| | - Ana Sala
- Department of ObstetricsUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichSchmelzbergstr. 12Zurich8091Switzerland
| | - Sylke Hoehnel
- Institute of BioengineeringSchool of Life Sciences and School of EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Station 15Lausanne1015Switzerland
| | - Aline Roch
- Institute of BioengineeringSchool of Life Sciences and School of EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Station 15Lausanne1015Switzerland
| | - Raphael Reuten
- Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal BiologyCenter for BiochemistryUniversity of CologneCologne50931Germany
| | - Manuel Koch
- Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal BiologyCenter for BiochemistryUniversity of CologneCologne50931Germany
| | - Olaia Naveiras
- Institute of BioengineeringSchool of Life Sciences and School of EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Station 15Lausanne1015Switzerland
| | - Franz E. Weber
- Department of Cranio‐Maxillofacial SurgeryOral Biotechnology and BioengineeringUniversity Hospital ZurichFrauenklinikstrasse 24Zurich8091Switzerland
| | - Wilfried Weber
- Faculty of Biology and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling StudiesUniversity of FreiburgSchänzlestr. 18Freiburg79104Germany
| | - Matthias P. Lutolf
- Institute of BioengineeringSchool of Life Sciences and School of EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Station 15Lausanne1015Switzerland
| | - Martin Ehrbar
- Department of ObstetricsUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichSchmelzbergstr. 12Zurich8091Switzerland
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Al-Azab M, Wang B, Elkhider A, Walana W, Li W, Yuan B, Ye Y, Tang Y, Almoiliqy M, Adlat S, Wei J, Zhang Y, Li X. Indian Hedgehog regulates senescence in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell through modulation of ROS/mTOR/4EBP1, p70S6K1/2 pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:5693-5715. [PMID: 32235006 PMCID: PMC7185126 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Premature senescence of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) remains a major concern for their application clinically. Hedgehog signaling has been reported to regulate aging-associated markers and MSC skewed differentiation. Indian Hedgehog (IHH) is a ligand of Hedgehog intracellular pathway considered as an inducer in chondrogenesis of human BMSC. However, the role of IHH in the aging of BMSC is still unclear. This study explored the role IHH in the senescence of BMSC obtained from human samples and senescent mice. Isolated BMSC were transfected with IHH siRNA or incubated with exogenous IHH protein and the mechanisms of aging and differentiation investigated. Moreover, the interactions between IHH, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated using the corresponding inhibitors and antioxidants. BMSC transfected with IHH siRNA showed characteristics of senescence-associated features including increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity (SA-β-gal), induction of cell cycle inhibitors (p53/p16), development of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), activation of ROS and mTOR pathways as well as the promotion of skewed differentiation. Interestingly, BMSC treatment with IHH protein reversed the senescence markers and corrected biased differentiation. Moreover, IHH shortage-induced senescence signs were compromised after mTOR and ROS inhibition. Our findings presented anti-aging activity for IHH in BMSC through down-regulation of ROS/mTOR pathways. This discovery might contribute to increasing the therapeutic, immunomodulatory and regenerative potency of BMSC and introduce a novel remedy in the management of aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Al-Azab
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China.,Department of Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Abdalkhalig Elkhider
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Williams Walana
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Weiping Li
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Yunshan Ye
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Yawei Tang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Marwan Almoiliqy
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Salah Adlat
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China
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An R, Zhang Y, Qiao Y, Song L, Wang H, Dong X. Adipose stem cells isolated from diabetic mice improve cutaneous wound healing in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:120. [PMID: 32183899 PMCID: PMC7079496 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01621-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) therapy is emerging as a novel therapeutic option for the treatment of a variety of diseases including diabetes and diabetic wound healing. Multiple studies indicate that ASCs could promote wound healing and reverse diabetes. However, whether ASCs from diabetic donors retain their therapeutic functions and the mechanisms of how ASCs contribute to wound healing remain largely unknown. In this study, we explored the cutaneous wound healing ability of ASCs collected from C57BL/6 mice that had been rendered diabetic with streptozotocin (STZ). Methods ASCs were harvested from adipose tissues of type 1 diabetic (T1D) or normal C57BL/6 mice. Cell phenotypes were evaluated by flow cytometry analysis, and cell differentiation into adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteocytes was compared. Secretions of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β1), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by ASCs were assessed by ELISA. Migration and proliferation of fibroblasts co-cultured with T1D ASCs or control ASCs were also compared. The therapeutic effects of T1D and control ASCs in promoting wound closure were measured in vivo in a T1D wound mouse model. Granulation tissues were collected and stained with H&E at 14th day. CD34 and collagen I were detected by immunohistochemistry. Expressions of IL-6, α-SMA, CD31, collagen I, and collagen III were quantified by real-time PCR. GFP-expressing ASCs were used to trace in vivo cell differentiation. Results T1D ASCs and control ASCs showed similar expression of cell surface markers (CD29, CD34, CD105) and proliferation pattern. They can both differentiate into different cell types. T1D ASCs secreted similar amounts of VEGF and bFGF, but less TGF-β compared with control ASCs. Like control ASCs, T1D ASCs promoted the proliferation and migration of skin fibroblast cells. When injected in cutaneous wound of T1D mice, T1D ASCs increased wound closure and hair follicle regeneration at a comparable extent as ASCs. Mice receiving T1D ASCs or ASCs exhibited significantly higher expressions of collagen I, collagen III, and CD31 and reduced expression of IL-6 in wound tissues. Immunohistochemistry staining showed increased angiogenesis in mice receiving ASCs as was evident by increased CD34+ cells and collagen I staining. GFP+ ASCs injection showed that ASCs differentiated into fibroblasts and endothelial cells in vivo. Conclusions Our results suggest that T1D ASCs could accelerate cutaneous wound healing. Mechanisms may include increasing fibroblast growth and migration, skin angiogenesis, and differentiation into fibroblasts and endothelial cells. This study provides evidence that diabetic ASCs may be used as a therapeutic option in cutaneous wound healing in diabetic recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran An
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700, Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700, Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Qiao
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700, Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Song
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700, Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Xiao Dong
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700, Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Xu T, Luo Y, Wang J, Zhang N, Gu C, Li L, Qian D, Cai W, Fan J, Yin G. Exosomal miRNA-128-3p from mesenchymal stem cells of aged rats regulates osteogenesis and bone fracture healing by targeting Smad5. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:47. [PMID: 32178675 PMCID: PMC7077029 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00601-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been considered an effective therapeutic treatment for a variety of diseases including bone fracture. However, there are associated complications along with MSCs transplantation. There is evidence to show that exosomes (Exos) derived from MSCs exert a similar paracrine function. In addition, repair capabilities of MSCs decline with age. Hence, this study aims to confirm whether the Exos protective function on osteogenic differentiation and fracture healing from aged MSCs was attenuated. This information was used in order to investigate the underlying mechanism. MSCs were successfully isolated and identified from young and aged rats, and Exos were then obtained. Aged-Exos exhibited significantly attenuated effects on MSCs osteogenic differentiation in vitro and facture healing in vivo. Using miRNA array analysis, it was shown that miR-128-3p was markedly upregulated in Aged-Exos. In vitro experiments confirmed that Smad5 is a direct downstream target of miR-128-3p, and was inhibited by overexpressed miR-128-3p. A series gain- and loss- function experiment indicated that miR-128-3P serves a suppressor role in the process of fracture healing. Furthermore, effects caused by miR-128-3P mimic/inhibitor were reversed by the application of Smad5/siSmad5. Taken together, these results suggest that the therapeutic effects of MSCs-derived Exos may vary according to differential expression of miRNAs. Exosomal miR-128-3P antagomir may act as a promising therapeutic strategy for bone fracture healing, especially for the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongjun Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changjiang Gu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linwei Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dingfei Qian
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weihua Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jin Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Guoyong Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
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Andrzejewska A, Catar R, Schoon J, Qazi TH, Sass FA, Jacobi D, Blankenstein A, Reinke S, Krüger D, Streitz M, Schlickeiser S, Richter S, Souidi N, Beez C, Kamhieh-Milz J, Krüger U, Zemojtel T, Jürchott K, Strunk D, Reinke P, Duda G, Moll G, Geissler S. Multi-Parameter Analysis of Biobanked Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Shows Little Influence for Donor Age and Mild Comorbidities on Phenotypic and Functional Properties. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2474. [PMID: 31781089 PMCID: PMC6857652 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous populations of human bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSC) are among the most frequently tested cellular therapeutics for treating degenerative and immune disorders, which occur predominantly in the aging population. Currently, it is unclear whether advanced donor age and commonly associated comorbidities affect the properties of ex vivo-expanded BMSCs. Thus, we stratified cells from adult and elderly donors from our biobank (n = 10 and n = 13, mean age 38 and 72 years, respectively) and compared their phenotypic and functional performance, using multiple assays typically employed as minimal criteria for defining multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). We found that BMSCs from both cohorts meet the standard criteria for MSC, exhibiting similar morphology, growth kinetics, gene expression profiles, and pro-angiogenic and immunosuppressive potential and the capacity to differentiate toward adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic lineages. We found no substantial differences between cells from the adult and elderly cohorts. As positive controls, we studied the impact of in vitro aging and inflammatory cytokine stimulation. Both conditions clearly affected the cellular properties, independent of donor age. We conclude that in vitro aging rather than in vivo donor aging influences BMSC characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastazja Andrzejewska
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, BIH, Berlin, Germany.,Julius Wolff Institute, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, BIH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rusan Catar
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, BIH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janosch Schoon
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, BIH, Berlin, Germany.,Julius Wolff Institute, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, BIH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Taimoor Hasan Qazi
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, BIH, Berlin, Germany.,Julius Wolff Institute, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, BIH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frauke Andrea Sass
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, BIH, Berlin, Germany.,Julius Wolff Institute, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, BIH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dorit Jacobi
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Julius Wolff Institute, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, BIH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antje Blankenstein
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Julius Wolff Institute, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, BIH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Reinke
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Julius Wolff Institute, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, BIH, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Krüger
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, BIH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathias Streitz
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, BIH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Schlickeiser
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, BIH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarina Richter
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, BIH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Naima Souidi
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, BIH, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, BIH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christien Beez
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, BIH, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, BIH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Kamhieh-Milz
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, BIH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Krüger
- BIH Core Unit Genomics Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tomasz Zemojtel
- BIH Core Unit Genomics Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karsten Jürchott
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Strunk
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, BIH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Reinke
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, BIH, Berlin, Germany.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center, Experimental and Clinical Cell Therapy Institute, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Georg Duda
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, BIH, Berlin, Germany.,Julius Wolff Institute, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, BIH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Guido Moll
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, BIH, Berlin, Germany.,Julius Wolff Institute, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, BIH, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, BIH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Geissler
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, BIH, Berlin, Germany.,Julius Wolff Institute, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, BIH, Berlin, Germany
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MicroRNA-150 Modulates Adipogenic Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells by Targeting Notch3. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:2743047. [PMID: 31781236 PMCID: PMC6875317 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2743047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) influence stem cell functions, including mobilization, proliferation, and differentiation. miR-150 is abundantly expressed in monocytes. Knockdown of miR-150 promotes bone marrow stem cell migration. The role of miR-150 in adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) is unclear. In this study, the effects of miR-150 on adipogenic differentiation and proliferation of ADSCs were investigated. ADSCs were isolated from the inguinal adipose tissue of wild-type (WT) and miR-150 knockout (KO) mice and were induced for adipogenic differentiation. The miR-150 level was detected by real-time PCR. ADSCs were transfected by miR-150 or small-interfering RNA (siRNA) of Notch3. MTT assay and colony formation assay were performed in miR-150 knockdown and control ADSCs. Real-time PCR showed that miR-150 was expressed in ADSCs. miR-150 knockdown significantly decreased the capacity of adipogenic differentiation of ADSCs, as compared with their counterparts from WT mice. It is intriguing that the overexpression of miR-150 significantly increased C/EBPα and PPAR-γ expression and lipid formation in ADSCs with adipogenic induction. Overexpression of miR-150 significantly decreased Notch3 expression in ADSCs compared with the control groups. Furthermore, Notch3 inhibition promoted the adipogenic differentiation in ADSCs. miR-150 also suppressed proliferation potential and the expression of Nanog in ADSCs. In summary, this study demonstrates, for the first time, that miR-150 promotes adipogenic differentiation and inhibits proliferation of ADSCs. miR-150 regulates adipogenic differentiation of ADSCs, likely mediated by the downregulation of Notch3.
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44
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Expanded skeletal stem and progenitor cells promote and participate in induced bone regeneration at subcritical BMP-2 dose. Biomaterials 2019; 217:119278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Osagie-Clouard L, Sanghani-Kerai A, Coathup M, Meeson R, Briggs T, Blunn G. The influence of parathyroid hormone 1-34 on the osteogenic characteristics of adipose- and bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells from juvenile and ovarectomized rats. Bone Joint Res 2019; 8:397-404. [PMID: 31537997 PMCID: PMC6719529 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.88.bjr-2019-0018.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are of growing interest in terms of bone regeneration. Most preclinical trials utilize bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (bMSCs), although this is not without isolation and expansion difficulties. The aim of this study was: to compare the characteristics of bMSCs and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) from juvenile, adult, and ovarectomized (OVX) rats; and to assess the effect of human parathyroid hormone (hPTH) 1-34 on their osteogenic potential and migration to stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1). Methods Cells were isolated from the adipose and bone marrow of juvenile, adult, and previously OVX Wistar rats, and were characterized with flow cytometry, proliferation assays, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation, and migration to SDF-1. Experiments were repeated with and without intermittent hPTH 1-34. Results Juvenile and adult MSCs demonstrated significantly increased osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation and superior migration towards SDF-1 compared with OVX groups; this was the case for AdMSCs and bMSCs equally. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increased parameters of osteogenic differentiation and migration to SDF-1. This was significant for all cell types, although it had the most significant effect on cells derived from OVX animals. bMSCs from all groups showed increased mineralization and migration to SDF-1 compared with AdMSCs. Conclusion Juvenile MSCs showed significantly greater migration to SDF-1 and significantly greater osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation compared with cells from osteopenic rats; this was true for bMSCs and AdMSCs. The addition of PTH increased these characteristics, with the most significant effect on cells derived from OVX animals, further illustrating possible clinical application of both PTH and MSCs in bone regenerative therapies. Cite this article:L. Osagie-Clouard, A. Sanghani-Kerai, M. Coathup, R. Meeson, T. Briggs, G. Blunn. The influence of parathyroid hormone 1-34 on the osteogenic characteristics of adipose- and bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells from juvenile and ovarectomized rats. Bone Joint Res 2019;8:397–404. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.88.BJR-2019-0018.R1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Osagie-Clouard
- Royal Free Hospital, London, UK; Honorary Lecturer, Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | - Anita Sanghani-Kerai
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | - Melanie Coathup
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida, USA; Honorary Lecturer, Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | - Richard Meeson
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | - Timothy Briggs
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | - Gordon Blunn
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
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Phenotypic Characterization of Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells and Derived Stromal Cell Populations from Human Iliac Crest, Vertebral Body and Femoral Head. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143454. [PMID: 31337109 PMCID: PMC6678175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) In vitro, bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSCs) demonstrate inter-donor phenotypic variability, which presents challenges for the development of regenerative therapies. Here, we investigated whether the frequency of putative BMSC sub-populations within the freshly isolated mononuclear cell fraction of bone marrow is phenotypically predictive for the in vitro derived stromal cell culture. (2) Vertebral body, iliac crest, and femoral head bone marrow were acquired from 33 patients (10 female and 23 male, age range 14–91). BMSC sub-populations were identified within freshly isolated mononuclear cell fractions based on cell-surface marker profiles. Stromal cells were expanded in monolayer on tissue culture plastic. Phenotypic assessment of in vitro derived cell cultures was performed by examining growth kinetics, chondrogenic, osteogenic, and adipogenic differentiation. (3) Gender, donor age, and anatomical site were neither predictive for the total yield nor the population doubling time of in vitro derived BMSC cultures. The abundance of freshly isolated progenitor sub-populations (CD45−CD34−CD73+, CD45−CD34−CD146+, NG2+CD146+) was not phenotypically predictive of derived stromal cell cultures in terms of growth kinetics nor plasticity. BMSCs derived from iliac crest and vertebral body bone marrow were more responsive to chondrogenic induction, forming superior cartilaginous tissue in vitro, compared to those isolated from femoral head. (4) The identification of discrete progenitor populations in bone marrow by current cell-surface marker profiling is not predictive for subsequently derived in vitro BMSC cultures. Overall, the iliac crest and the vertebral body offer a more reliable tissue source of stromal progenitor cells for cartilage repair strategies compared to femoral head.
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Pasternak-Mnich K, Ziemba B, Szwed A, Kopacz K, Synder M, Bryszewska M, Kujawa J. Effect of Photobiomodulation Therapy on the Increase of Viability and Proliferation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Lasers Surg Med 2019; 51:824-833. [PMID: 31165521 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES We have investigated how low intensity laser irradiation emitted by a multiwave-locked system (MLS M1) affects the viability and proliferation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) depending on the parameters of the irradiation. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Cells isolated surgically from the femoral bone during surgery were identified by flow cytometry and cell differentiation assays. For irradiation, two wavelengths (808 and 905 nm) with the following parameters were used: power density 195, 230, and 318 mW/cm 2 , doses of energy 3, 10, and 20 J (energy density 0.93-6.27 J/cm 2 ), and in continuous (CW) or pulsed emission (PE) (frequencies 1,000 and 2,000 Hz). RESULTS There were statistically significant increases of cell viability and proliferation after irradiation at 3 J (CW; 1,000 Hz), 10 J (1,000 Hz), and 20 J (2,000 Hz). CONCLUSIONS Irradiation with the MLS M1 system can be used in vitro to modulate MSCs in preparation for therapeutic applications. This will assist in designing further studies to optimize the radiation parameters and elucidate the molecular mechanisms of action of the radiation. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Pasternak-Mnich
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska St., 92-213, Lodz, Poland
| | - Barbara Ziemba
- Department of Clinical Genetic, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska St., 92-213, Lodz, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szwed
- Department of General Biophysics, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Kopacz
- "DynamoLab" Academic Laboratory of Movement and Human Physical Performance, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska St., 92-213, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marek Synder
- Medical Faculty, Clinic of Orthopedics and Pediatric Orthopedics, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska St., 92-213, Lodz, Poland
| | - Maria Bryszewska
- Department of General Biophysics, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jolanta Kujawa
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska St., 92-213, Lodz, Poland
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Stem cells in Osteoporosis: From Biology to New Therapeutic Approaches. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:1730978. [PMID: 31281368 PMCID: PMC6589256 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1730978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic disease that affects the skeleton, causing reduction of bone density and mass, resulting in destruction of bone microstructure and increased risk of bone fractures. Since osteoporosis is a disease affecting the elderly and the aging of the world's population is constantly increasing, it is expected that the incidence of osteoporosis and its financial burden on the insurance systems will increase continuously and there is a need for more understanding this condition in order to prevent and/or treat it. At present, available drug therapy for osteoporosis primarily targets the inhibition of bone resorption and agents that promote bone mineralization, designed to slow disease progression. Safe and predictable pharmaceutical means to increase bone formation have been elusive. Stem cell therapy of osteoporosis, as a therapeutic strategy, offers the promise of an increase in osteoblast differentiation and thus reversing the shift towards bone resorption in osteoporosis. This review is focused on the current views regarding the implication of the stem cells in the cellular and physiologic mechanisms of osteoporosis and discusses data obtained from stem cell-based therapies of osteoporosis in experimental animal models and the possibility of their future application in clinical trials.
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Wilson A, Hodgson-Garms M, Frith JE, Genever P. Multiplicity of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Finding the Right Route to Therapy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1112. [PMID: 31164890 PMCID: PMC6535495 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, the acceleration in the clinical use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) has been nothing short of spectacular. Perhaps most surprising is how little we know about the "MSC product." Although MSCs are being delivered to patients at an alarming rate, the regulatory requirements for MSC therapies (for example in terms of quality assurance and quality control) are nowhere near the expectations of traditional pharmaceuticals. That said, the standards that define a chemical compound or purified recombinant protein cannot be applied with the same stringency to a cell-based therapy. Biological processes are dynamic, adaptive and variable. Heterogeneity will always exist or emerge within even the most rigorously sorted clonal cell populations. With MSCs, perhaps more so than any other therapeutic cell, heterogeneity pervades at multiple levels, from the sample source to the single cell. The research and clinical communities collectively need to recognize and take steps to address this troublesome truth, to ensure that the promise of MSC-based therapies is fulfilled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Wilson
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jessica E Frith
- Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul Genever
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
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50
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Foppiani EM, Candini O, Mastrolia I, Murgia A, Grisendi G, Samarelli AV, Boscaini G, Pacchioni L, Pinelli M, De Santis G, Horwitz EM, Veronesi E, Dominici M. Impact of HOXB7 overexpression on human adipose-derived mesenchymal progenitors. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:101. [PMID: 30890185 PMCID: PMC6423808 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1200-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The ex vivo expansion potential of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSC) together with their differentiation and secretion properties makes these cells an attractive tool for transplantation and tissue engineering. Although the use of MSC is currently being tested in a growing number of clinical trials, it is still desirable to identify molecular markers that may help improve their performance both in vitro and after transplantation. Methods Recently, HOXB7 was identified as a master player driving the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal progenitors. In this study, we investigated the effect of HOXB7 overexpression on the ex vivo features of adipose mesenchymal progenitors (AD-MSC). Results HOXB7 increased AD-MSC proliferation potential, reduced senescence, and improved chondrogenesis together with a significant increase of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) secretion. Conclusion While further investigations and in vivo models shall be applied for better understanding, these data suggest that modulation of HOXB7 may be a strategy for innovative tissue regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Manuela Foppiani
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo, 71, 41100, Modena, Italy.,Rigenerand srl, Modena, Medolla, Italy
| | - Olivia Candini
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo, 71, 41100, Modena, Italy.,Rigenerand srl, Modena, Medolla, Italy
| | - Ilenia Mastrolia
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo, 71, 41100, Modena, Italy
| | - Alba Murgia
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo, 71, 41100, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Grisendi
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo, 71, 41100, Modena, Italy.,Rigenerand srl, Modena, Medolla, Italy
| | - Anna Valeria Samarelli
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo, 71, 41100, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Boscaini
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Pacchioni
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Pinelli
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giorgio De Santis
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Edwin M Horwitz
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Massimo Dominici
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo, 71, 41100, Modena, Italy. .,Rigenerand srl, Modena, Medolla, Italy.
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