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Sivaraman S, Ravishankar P, Rao RR. Differentiation and Engineering of Human Stem Cells for Smooth Muscle Generation. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2023; 29:1-9. [PMID: 35491587 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2022.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are responsible for 31% of global deaths and are considered the main cause of death and disability worldwide. Stem cells from various sources have become attractive options for a range of cell-based therapies for smooth muscle tissue regeneration. However, for efficient myogenic differentiation, the stem cell characteristics, cell culture conditions, and their respective microenvironments need to be carefully assessed. This review covers the various approaches involved in the regeneration of vascular smooth muscles by conditioning human stem cells. This article delves into the different sources of stem cells used in the generation of myogenic tissues, the role of soluble growth factors, use of scaffolding techniques, biomolecular cues, relevance of mechanical stimulation, and key transcription factors involved, aimed at inducing myogenic differentiation. Impact statement The review article's main goal is to discuss the recent advances in the field of smooth muscle tissue regeneration. We look at various cell sources, growth factors, scaffolds, mechanical stimuli, and factors involved in smooth muscle formation. These stem cell-based approaches for vascular muscle formation will provide various options for cell-based therapies with long-term beneficial effects on patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Sivaraman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Prashanth Ravishankar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Raj R Rao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
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Reed E, Fellows A, Lu R, Rienks M, Schmidt L, Yin X, Duregotti E, Brandt M, Krasemann S, Hartmann K, Barallobre-Barreiro J, Addison O, Cuello F, Hansen A, Mayr M. Extracellular Matrix Profiling and Disease Modelling in Engineered Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Tissues. Matrix Biol Plus 2022; 16:100122. [PMID: 36193159 PMCID: PMC9526190 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2022.100122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs) have an intrinsic role in regulating vessel homeostasis and pathological remodelling. In two-dimensional (2D) cell culture formats, however, SMCs are not embedded in their physiological extracellular matrix (ECM) environment. To overcome the limitations of conventional 2D SMC cultures, we established a 3D in vitro model of engineered vascular smooth muscle cell tissues (EVTs). EVTs were casted from primary murine aortic SMCs by suspending a SMC-fibrin master mix between two flexible silicon-posts at day 0 before prolonged culture up to 14 days. Immunohistochemical analysis of EVT longitudinal sections demonstrated that SMCs were aligned, viable and secretory. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics analysis of murine EVT lysates was performed and identified 135 matrisome proteins. Proteoglycans, including the large aggregating proteoglycan versican, accumulated within EVTs by day 7 of culture. This was followed by the deposition of collagens, elastin-binding proteins and matrix regulators up to day 14 of culture. In contrast to 2D SMC controls, accumulation of versican occurred in parallel to an increase in versikine, a cleavage product mediated by proteases of the A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) family. Next, we tested the response of EVTs to stimulation with transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFβ-1). EVTs contracted in response to TGFβ-1 stimulation with altered ECM composition. In contrast, treatment with the pharmacological activin-like kinase inhibitor (ALKi) SB 431542 suppressed ECM secretion. As a disease stimulus, we performed calcification assays. The ECM acts as a nidus for calcium phosphate deposition in the arterial wall. We compared the onset and extent of calcification in EVTs and 2D SMCs cultured under high calcium and phosphate conditions for 7 days. Calcified EVTs displayed increased tissue stiffness by up to 30 % compared to non-calcified controls. Unlike the rapid calcification of SMCs in 2D cultures, EVTs sustained expression of the calcification inhibitor matrix Gla protein and allowed for better discrimination of the calcification propensity between independent biological replicates. In summary, EVTs are an intuitive and versatile model to investigate ECM synthesis and turnover by SMCs in a 3D environment. Unlike conventional 2D cultures, EVTs provide a more relevant pathophysiological model for retention of the nascent ECM produced by SMCs.
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Key Words
- 2D, Two-dimensional
- 3D cell culture
- 3D, Three-dimensional
- ADAMTS, A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs
- ALKi, Activin-like kinase inhibitor
- Calcification
- ECM
- ECM, Extracellular matrix
- EHT, Engineered heart tissue
- EVT, Engineered vascular smooth muscle cell tissue
- LC-MS/MS, Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry
- Proteomics
- SMC, Smooth muscle cell
- Smooth muscle cells
- TCP, Tissue culture polystyrene
- TGFβ-1, Transforming growth factor beta-1
- Tissue engineering
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Reed
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Adam Fellows
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, London SE5 9NU, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ruifang Lu
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Marieke Rienks
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Lukas Schmidt
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Xiaoke Yin
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Elisa Duregotti
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Mona Brandt
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Susanne Krasemann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristin Hartmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Javier Barallobre-Barreiro
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Owen Addison
- Centre of Oral, Clinical & Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Friederike Cuello
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Arne Hansen
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, London SE5 9NU, UK
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Chen J, Zhou X, Sun W, Zhang Z, Teng W, Wang F, Sun H, Zhang W, Wang J, Yu X, Ye Z, Li W. Vascular Derived ECM Improves Therapeutic Index of BMP-2 and Drives Vascularized Bone Regeneration. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2107991. [PMID: 35218305 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Vascularized osteogenesis is essential for successful bone regeneration, yet its realization during large size bone defect healing remains challenging due to the difficulty to couple multiple biological processes. Herein, harnessing the intrinsic angiogenic potential of vascular derived extracellular matrix (vECM) and its specific affinity to growth factors, a vECM/GelMA based hybrid hydrogel delivery system is constructed to achieve optimized bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) therapeutic index and provide intrinsic angiogenic induction during bone healing. The incorporation of vECM not only effectively regulates BMP-2 kinetics to match the bone healing timeframe, but also promotes angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. In vivo results also show that vECM-mediated BMP-2 release remarkably enhances vascularized bone formation for critical size bone defects. In particular, blood vessel ingrowth stained with CD31 marker in the defect area is substantially encouraged over the course of healing, suggesting incorporation of vECM served roles in both angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Thus, the authors' study exemplifies that affinity of growth factor towards ECM may be a promising strategy to be leveraged to develop sophisticated delivery systems endowed with desirable properties for regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Xingzhi Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Wenquan Sun
- School of Medical and Food, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Zengjie Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Wangsiyuan Teng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Fangqian Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Hangxiang Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohua Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoming Ye
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Weixu Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000, P. R. China
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Lin L, He E, Wang H, Guo W, Wu Z, Huang K, Zhao Q. Intravenous Transplantation of Human Hair Follicle-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorates Trabecular Bone Loss in Osteoporotic Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:814949. [PMID: 35359450 PMCID: PMC8960386 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.814949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hair follicles harbor a rich autologous stem cell pool and human hair follicle-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hHF-MSCs) have multi-lineage differentiation potential. Many sources of MSCs include hHF-MSCs have been attractive candidates for cell therapy, regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. The present study is to explore the effect of intravenous transplantation of hHF-MSCs on bone mass in osteoporotic mice and its mechanism, and provides prospects for clinical applications for the treatment of osteoporosis with hHF-MSCs. Methods: Physically pull out about 20 hairs with intact hair follicles from the occipital area of the scalp of healthy volunteers, and extract hair follicle-derived fibroblast-like cells. These cells were cultured and characterized in vitro. Intravenous injection of hHF-MSCs was performed on ovariectomy-induced and age-related osteoporotic SCID mice for osteoporosis treatment. The mice were sacrificed 7 weeks after the second injection and samples were collected. The long bones and L1 vertebrae were collected for micro-CT scan, histomorphometry and immunohistochemical analysis. Peripheral serum were collected for ELISA analysis and antibody array. Results: Hair follicle-derived fibroblast-like cells were defined as hHF-MSCs. Intravenous transplantation of hHF-MSCs can better restores trabecular bone mass in osteoporotic mice. The double calcein labeling assay, trap staining of bones and ELISA analysis in peripheral serum showed enhanced bone formation and weakened bone resorption after transplantation. Antibody array and immunohistochemical analysis showed that several cytokines including OPG, Wnt2b, Noggin, VCAM-1 and RANKL might be involved in this process. Conclusion: Human HF-MSCs transplantation can combat trabecular bone loss induced by menopause and aging in mice. And the above mechanism that hHF-MSCs transplantation inhibits bone resorption and promote bone formation is related to OPG, Wnt2b, VCAM-1, Noggin and RANKL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longshuai Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Enjun He
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjie Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihong Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenkai Wu
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Shanghai Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenkai Wu, ; Kai Huang, ; Qinghua Zhao,
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhabei Central Hospital of Jing’an District, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenkai Wu, ; Kai Huang, ; Qinghua Zhao,
| | - Qinghua Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenkai Wu, ; Kai Huang, ; Qinghua Zhao,
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Liu Q, Lv C, Jiang Y, Luo K, Gao Y, Liu J, Zhang X, Mohammad Omar J, Jin S. From hair to liver: emerging application of hair follicle mesenchymal stem cell transplantation reverses liver cirrhosis by blocking the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway to inhibit pathological HSC activation. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12872. [PMID: 35186473 PMCID: PMC8855721 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis (LC) involves multiple systems throughout the body, and patients with LC often die of multiple organ failure. However, few drugs are useful to treat LC. Hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells (HF-MSCs) are derived from the dermal papilla and the bulge area of hair follicles and are pluripotent stem cells in the mesoderm with broad prospects in regenerative medicine. As an emerging seed cell type widely used in skin wound healing and plastic surgery, HF-MSCs show considerable prospects in the treatment of LC due to their proliferation and multidirectional differentiation capabilities. We established an LC model in C57BL/6J mice by administering carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and injected HF-MSCs through the tail vein to explore the therapeutic effects and potential mechanisms of HF-MSCs on LC. Here, we found that HF-MSCs improved liver function and ameliorated the liver pathology of LC. Notably, PKH67-labeled HF-MSCs were detected in the injured liver and expressed the hepatocyte-specific markers cytokeratin 18 (CK18) and albumin (ALB). In addition, in contrast to that in the LC group, the α-SMA expression showed a decreasing trend in the treatment group in vitro and in vivo, indicating that the pathological activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) was inhibited by HF-MSC treatment. Moreover, the levels of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β1) and p-Smad3, a signaling molecule downstream of TGF-β1, were increased in mice with LC, while HF-MSC treatment reversed these changes in vivo and in vitro. Based on these findings, HF-MSCs may reverse LC by blocking the TGF-β/Smad pathway and inhibiting the pathological activation of HSCs, which may provide evidence for the application of HF-MSCs to treat LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chengqian Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Kunpeng Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingyang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jan Mohammad Omar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shizhu Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Peterson A, Nair L. Hair Follicle Stem Cells for Tissue Regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2021; 28:695-706. [PMID: 34238037 PMCID: PMC9419938 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
With the positive outcomes of various cell therapies currently under pre-clinical and clinical studies, there is a significant interest in novel stem cell sources with unique therapeutic properties. Studies over the past two decades or so demonstrated the feasibility to isolate multipotent/pluripotent stem cells from hair follicles. The easy accessibility, high proliferation and differentiation ability as well as lack of ethical concerns associated with this stem cell source make hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) attractive candidate for cell therapy and tissue engineering. This review discusses the various stem cell types identified in rodent and human hair follicles and ongoing studies on the potential use of HFSCs for skin, bone, cardio-vascular, and nerve tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Peterson
- University of Connecticut, 7712, Storrs, Connecticut, United States;
| | - Lakshmi Nair
- University of Connecticut Health Center, 21654, Orthopaedic Surgery, Farmington, Connecticut, United States;
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Obiweluozor FO, Emechebe GA, Kim DW, Cho HJ, Park CH, Kim CS, Jeong IS. Considerations in the Development of Small-Diameter Vascular Graft as an Alternative for Bypass and Reconstructive Surgeries: A Review. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2020; 11:495-521. [PMID: 32812139 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-020-00482-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current design strategies for small diameter vascular grafts (< 6 mm internal diameter; ID) are focused on mimicking native vascular tissue because the commercially available grafts still fail at small diameters, notably due to development of intimal hyperplasia and thrombosis. To overcome these challenges, various design approaches, material selection, and surface modification strategies have been employed to improve the patency of small-diameter grafts. REVIEW The purpose of this review is to outline various considerations in the development of small-diameter vascular grafts, including material choice, surface modifications to enhance biocompatibility/endothelialization, and mechanical properties of the graft, that are currently being implanted. Additionally, we have taken into account the general vascular physiology, tissue engineering approaches, and collective achievements of the authors in this area. We reviewed both commercially available synthetic grafts (e-PTFE and PET), elastic polymers such as polyurethane and biodegradable and bioresorbable materials. We included naturally occurring materials by focusing on their potential application in the development of future vascular alternatives. CONCLUSION Until now, there are few comprehensive reviews regarding considerations in the design of small-diameter vascular grafts in the literature. Here-in, we have discussed in-depth the various strategies employed to generate engineered vascular graft due to their high demand for vascular surgeries. While some TEVG design strategies have shown greater potential in contrast to autologous or synthetic ePTFE conduits, many are still hindered by high production cost which prevents their widespread adoption. Nonetheless, as tissue engineers continue to develop on their strategies and procedures for improved TEVGs, soon, a reliable engineered graft will be available in the market. Hence, we anticipate a viable TEVG with resorbable property, fabricated via electrospinning approach to hold a greater potential that can overcome the challenges observed in both autologous and allogenic grafts. This is because they can be mechanically tuned, incorporated/surface-functionalized with bioactive molecules and mass-manufactured in a reproducible manner. It is also found that most of the success in engineered vascular graft approaching commercialization is for large vessels rather than small-diameter grafts used as cardiovascular bypass grafts. Consequently, the field of vascular engineering is still available for future innovators that can take up the challenge to create a functional arterial substitute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis O Obiweluozor
- Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, 42 Jebong-Ro Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gladys A Emechebe
- Department of Bionanosystem Engineering Graduate School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju City, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Wan Kim
- Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, 42 Jebong-Ro Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Jin Cho
- Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, 42 Jebong-Ro Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hee Park
- Department of Bionanosystem Engineering Graduate School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju City, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Graduate School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju City, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Sang Kim
- Department of Bionanosystem Engineering Graduate School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju City, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Graduate School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju City, Republic of Korea
| | - In Seok Jeong
- Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, 42 Jebong-Ro Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea.
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von Bornstädt D, Wang H, Paulsen MJ, Goldstone AB, Eskandari A, Thakore A, Stapleton L, Steele AN, Truong VN, Jaatinen K, Hironaka C, Woo YJ. Rapid Self-Assembly of Bioengineered Cardiovascular Bypass Grafts From Scaffold-Stabilized, Tubular Bilevel Cell Sheets. Circulation 2019; 138:2130-2144. [PMID: 30474423 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.035231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular bypass grafting is an essential treatment for complex cases of atherosclerotic disease. Because the availability of autologous arterial and venous conduits is patient-limited, self-assembled cell-only grafts have been developed to serve as functional conduits with off-the-shelf availability. The unacceptably long production time required to generate these conduits, however, currently limits their clinical utility. Here, we introduce a novel technique to significantly accelerate the production process of self-assembled engineered vascular conduits. METHODS Human aortic smooth muscle cells and skin fibroblasts were used to construct bilevel cell sheets. Cell sheets were wrapped around a 22.5-gauge Angiocath needle to form tubular vessel constructs. A thin, flexible membrane of clinically approved biodegradable tissue glue (Dermabond Advanced) served as a temporary, external scaffold, allowing immediate perfusion and endothelialization of the vessel construct in a bioreactor. Subsequently, the matured vascular conduits were used as femoral artery interposition grafts in rats (n=20). Burst pressure, vasoreactivity, flow dynamics, perfusion, graft patency, and histological structure were assessed. RESULTS Compared with engineered vascular conduits formed without external stabilization, glue membrane-stabilized conduits reached maturity in the bioreactor in one-fifth the time. After only 2 weeks of perfusion, the matured conduits exhibited flow dynamics similar to that of control arteries, as well as physiological responses to vasoconstricting and vasodilating drugs. The matured conduits had burst pressures exceeding 500 mm Hg and had sufficient mechanical stability for surgical anastomoses. The patency rate of implanted conduits at 8 weeks was 100%, with flow rate and hind-limb perfusion similar to those of sham controls. Grafts explanted after 8 weeks showed a histological structure resembling that of typical arteries, including intima, media, adventitia, and internal and external elastic membrane layers. CONCLUSIONS Our technique reduces the production time of self-assembled, cell sheet-derived engineered vascular conduits to 2 weeks, thereby permitting their use as bypass grafts within the clinical time window for elective cardiovascular surgery. Furthermore, our method uses only clinically approved materials and can be adapted to various cell sources, simplifying the path toward future clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel von Bornstädt
- Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.v.B., H.W., M.J.P., A.B.G., A.E., A.T., L.S., A.N.S., V.N.T., K.J., C.H., Y.J.W.), Stanford University, CA
| | - Hanjay Wang
- Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.v.B., H.W., M.J.P., A.B.G., A.E., A.T., L.S., A.N.S., V.N.T., K.J., C.H., Y.J.W.), Stanford University, CA
| | - Michael J Paulsen
- Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.v.B., H.W., M.J.P., A.B.G., A.E., A.T., L.S., A.N.S., V.N.T., K.J., C.H., Y.J.W.), Stanford University, CA
| | - Andrew B Goldstone
- Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.v.B., H.W., M.J.P., A.B.G., A.E., A.T., L.S., A.N.S., V.N.T., K.J., C.H., Y.J.W.), Stanford University, CA
| | - Anahita Eskandari
- Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.v.B., H.W., M.J.P., A.B.G., A.E., A.T., L.S., A.N.S., V.N.T., K.J., C.H., Y.J.W.), Stanford University, CA
| | - Akshara Thakore
- Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.v.B., H.W., M.J.P., A.B.G., A.E., A.T., L.S., A.N.S., V.N.T., K.J., C.H., Y.J.W.), Stanford University, CA
| | - Lyndsay Stapleton
- Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.v.B., H.W., M.J.P., A.B.G., A.E., A.T., L.S., A.N.S., V.N.T., K.J., C.H., Y.J.W.), Stanford University, CA.,Bioengineering (L.S., A.N.S., Y.J.W.), Stanford University, CA
| | - Amanda N Steele
- Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.v.B., H.W., M.J.P., A.B.G., A.E., A.T., L.S., A.N.S., V.N.T., K.J., C.H., Y.J.W.), Stanford University, CA.,Bioengineering (L.S., A.N.S., Y.J.W.), Stanford University, CA
| | - Vi N Truong
- Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.v.B., H.W., M.J.P., A.B.G., A.E., A.T., L.S., A.N.S., V.N.T., K.J., C.H., Y.J.W.), Stanford University, CA
| | - Kevin Jaatinen
- Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.v.B., H.W., M.J.P., A.B.G., A.E., A.T., L.S., A.N.S., V.N.T., K.J., C.H., Y.J.W.), Stanford University, CA
| | - Camille Hironaka
- Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.v.B., H.W., M.J.P., A.B.G., A.E., A.T., L.S., A.N.S., V.N.T., K.J., C.H., Y.J.W.), Stanford University, CA
| | - Y Joseph Woo
- Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.v.B., H.W., M.J.P., A.B.G., A.E., A.T., L.S., A.N.S., V.N.T., K.J., C.H., Y.J.W.), Stanford University, CA.,Bioengineering (L.S., A.N.S., Y.J.W.), Stanford University, CA
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9
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Akentjew TL, Terraza C, Suazo C, Maksimcuka J, Wilkens CA, Vargas F, Zavala G, Ocaña M, Enrione J, García-Herrera CM, Valenzuela LM, Blaker JJ, Khoury M, Acevedo JP. Rapid fabrication of reinforced and cell-laden vascular grafts structurally inspired by human coronary arteries. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3098. [PMID: 31308369 PMCID: PMC6629634 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11090-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Design strategies for small diameter vascular grafts are converging toward native-inspired tissue engineered grafts. A new automated technology is presented that combines a dip-spinning methodology for depositioning concentric cell-laden hydrogel layers, with an adapted solution blow spinning (SBS) device for intercalated placement of aligned reinforcement nanofibres. This additive manufacture approach allows the assembly of bio-inspired structural configurations of concentric cell patterns with fibres at specific angles and wavy arrangements. The middle and outer layers were tuned to structurally mimic the media and adventitia layers of native arteries, enabling the fabrication of small bore grafts that exhibit the J-shape mechanical response and compliance of human coronary arteries. This scalable automated system can fabricate cellularized multilayer grafts within 30 min. Grafts were evaluated by hemocompatibility studies and a preliminary in vivo carotid rabbit model. The dip-spinning-SBS technology generates constructs with native mechanical properties and cell-derived biological activities, critical for clinical bypass applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara L Akentjew
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, San Carlos de Apoquindo 2200, Las Condes, Santiago, 7620001, Chile
- Cells for Cells, Avda. Plaza 2501, Las Condes, Santiago, 7620157, Chile
- Consorcio Regenero, Avda. Plaza 2501, Las Condes, Santiago, 7620157, Chile
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, 7820436, Chile
| | - Claudia Terraza
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, San Carlos de Apoquindo 2200, Las Condes, Santiago, 7620001, Chile
- Cells for Cells, Avda. Plaza 2501, Las Condes, Santiago, 7620157, Chile
| | - Cristian Suazo
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, San Carlos de Apoquindo 2200, Las Condes, Santiago, 7620001, Chile
- Cells for Cells, Avda. Plaza 2501, Las Condes, Santiago, 7620157, Chile
| | - Jekaterina Maksimcuka
- School of Materials, MSS Tower, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Camila A Wilkens
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, San Carlos de Apoquindo 2200, Las Condes, Santiago, 7620001, Chile
- Cells for Cells, Avda. Plaza 2501, Las Condes, Santiago, 7620157, Chile
- Consorcio Regenero, Avda. Plaza 2501, Las Condes, Santiago, 7620157, Chile
| | - Francisco Vargas
- Departamento de Cirugía Vascular y Endovascular, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Libertador Bernando O'Higgins 340, Santiago, 8331150, Chile
| | - Gabriela Zavala
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, San Carlos de Apoquindo 2200, Las Condes, Santiago, 7620001, Chile
- Cells for Cells, Avda. Plaza 2501, Las Condes, Santiago, 7620157, Chile
| | - Macarena Ocaña
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, San Carlos de Apoquindo 2200, Las Condes, Santiago, 7620001, Chile
- Cells for Cells, Avda. Plaza 2501, Las Condes, Santiago, 7620157, Chile
| | - Javier Enrione
- Biopolymer Research and Engineering Lab (BiopREL), School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Avda. Plaza 2501, Las Condes, Santiago, 7620157, Chile
| | - Claudio M García-Herrera
- Departmento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Avda. Libertador Bernando O'Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Santiago, 9170022, Chile
| | - Loreto M Valenzuela
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, 7820436, Chile
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Libertador Bernando O'Higgins 340, Macul, Santiago, 7820436, Chile
- Center of Nanotechnology Research and Advanced Materials "CIEN -UC", Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Libertador Bernando O'Higgins 340, Macul, Santiago, 7820436, Chile
| | - Jonny J Blaker
- Bio-Active Materials Group, School of Materials, MSS Tower, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Maroun Khoury
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, San Carlos de Apoquindo 2200, Las Condes, Santiago, 7620001, Chile
- Cells for Cells, Avda. Plaza 2501, Las Condes, Santiago, 7620157, Chile
- Consorcio Regenero, Avda. Plaza 2501, Las Condes, Santiago, 7620157, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Acevedo
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, San Carlos de Apoquindo 2200, Las Condes, Santiago, 7620001, Chile.
- Cells for Cells, Avda. Plaza 2501, Las Condes, Santiago, 7620157, Chile.
- Consorcio Regenero, Avda. Plaza 2501, Las Condes, Santiago, 7620157, Chile.
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10
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Smith RJ, Yi T, Nasiri B, Breuer CK, Andreadis ST. Implantation of VEGF-functionalized cell-free vascular grafts: regenerative and immunological response. FASEB J 2019; 33:5089-5100. [PMID: 30629890 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801856r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Recently, our group demonstrated that immobilized VEGF can capture flowing endothelial cells (ECs) from the blood in vitro and promote endothelialization and patency of acellular tissue-engineered vessels (A-TEVs) into the arterial system of an ovine animal model. Here, we demonstrate implantability of submillimeter diameter heparin and VEGF-decorated A-TEVs in a mouse model and discuss the cellular and immunologic response. At 1 mo postimplantation, the graft lumen was fully endothelialized, as shown by expression of EC markers such as CD144, eNOS, CD31, and VEGFR2. Interestingly, the same cells coexpressed leukocyte/macrophage (Mϕ) markers CD14, CD16, VEGFR1, CD38, and EGR2. Notably, there was a stark difference in the cellular makeup between grafts containing VEGF and those containing heparin alone. In VEGF-containing grafts, infiltrating monocytes (MCs) converted into anti-inflammatory M2-Mϕs, and the grafts developed well-demarcated luminal and medial layers resembling those of native arteries. In contrast, in grafts containing only heparin, MCs converted primarily into M1-Mϕs, and the endothelial and smooth muscle layers were not well defined. Our results indicate that VEGF may play an important role in regulating A-TEV patency and regeneration, possibly by regulating the inflammatory response to the implants.-Smith, R. J., Jr., Yi, T., Nasiri, B., Breuer, C. K., Andreadis, S. T. Implantation of VEGF-functionalized cell-free vascular grafts: regenerative and immunological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall J Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst, New York, USA
| | - Tai Yi
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Bita Nasiri
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst, New York, USA; and
| | | | - Stelios T Andreadis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst, New York, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst, New York, USA; and.,Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst, New York, USA
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11
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Development and in vivo validation of tissue-engineered, small-diameter vascular grafts from decellularized aortae of fetal pigs and canine vascular endothelial cells. J Cardiothorac Surg 2017; 12:101. [PMID: 29178903 PMCID: PMC5702065 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-017-0661-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tissue engineering has emerged as a promising alternative for small-diameter vascular grafts. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of using decellularized aortae of fetal pigs (DAFPs) to construct tissue-engineered, small-diameter vascular grafts and to test the performance and application of DAFPs as vascular tissue-engineered scaffolds in the canine arterial system. Methods DAFPs were prepared by continuous enzymatic digestion. Canine vascular endothelial cells (ECs) were seeded onto DAFPs in vitro and then the vascular grafts were cultured in a custom-designed vascular bioreactor system for 7 days of dynamic culture following 3 days of static culture. The grafts were then transplanted into the common carotid artery of the same seven dogs from which ECs had been derived (two grafts were prepared for each dog with one as a backup; therefore, a total of 14 tissue-engineered blood vessels were prepared). At 1, 3, and 6 months post-transplantation, ultrasonography and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) were used to check the patency of the grafts. Additionally, vascular grafts were sampled for histological and electron microscopic examination. Results Tissue-engineered, small-diameter vascular grafts can be successfully constructed using DAFPs and canine vascular ECs. Ultrasonographic and CT test results confirmed that implanted vascular grafts displayed good patency with no obvious thrombi. Six months after implantation, the grafts had been remodeled and exhibited a similar structure to normal arteries. Immunohistochemical staining showed that cells had evenly infiltrated the tunica media and were identified as muscular fibroblasts. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the graft possessed a complete cell layer, and the internal cells of the graft were confirmed to be ECs by transmission electron microscopy. Conclusions Tissue-engineered, small-diameter vascular grafts constructed using DAFPs and canine vascular ECs can be successfully transplanted to replace the canine common carotid artery. This investigation potentially paves the way for solving a problem of considerable clinical need, i.e., the requirement for small-diameter vascular grafts.
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12
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Wang Y, Yin P, Bian GL, Huang HY, Shen H, Yang JJ, Yang ZY, Shen ZY. The combination of stem cells and tissue engineering: an advanced strategy for blood vessels regeneration and vascular disease treatment. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:194. [PMID: 28915929 PMCID: PMC5603030 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0642-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past years, vascular diseases have continued to threaten human health and increase financial burdens worldwide. Transplantation of allogeneic and autologous blood vessels is the most convenient treatment. However, it could not be applied generally due to the scarcity of donors and the patient’s condition. Developments in tissue engineering are contributing greatly with regard to this urgent need for blood vessels. Tissue engineering-derived blood vessels are promising alternatives for patients with aortic dissection/aneurysm. The aim of this review is to show the importance of advances in biomaterials development for the treatment of vascular disease. We also provide a comprehensive overview of the current status of tissue reconstruction from stem cells and transplantable cellular scaffold constructs, focusing on the combination of stem cells and tissue engineering for blood vessel regeneration and vascular disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery & Institute of Cardiovascular Science, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pei Yin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery & Institute of Cardiovascular Science, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Taixing People's Hospital, Taixing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guang-Liang Bian
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery & Institute of Cardiovascular Science, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao-Yue Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery & Institute of Cardiovascular Science, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Han Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery & Institute of Cardiovascular Science, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun-Jie Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery & Institute of Cardiovascular Science, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zi-Ying Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery & Institute of Cardiovascular Science, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen-Ya Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery & Institute of Cardiovascular Science, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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13
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Bioreactor-induced mesenchymal progenitor cell differentiation and elastic fiber assembly in engineered vascular tissues. Acta Biomater 2017; 59:200-209. [PMID: 28690007 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In vitro maturation of engineered vascular tissues (EVT) requires the appropriate incorporation of smooth muscle cells (SMC) and extracellular matrix (ECM) components similar to native arteries. To this end, the aim of the current study was to fabricate 4mm inner diameter vascular tissues using mesenchymal progenitor cells seeded into tubular scaffolds. A dual-pump bioreactor operating either in perfusion or pulsatile perfusion mode was used to generate physiological-like stimuli to promote progenitor cell differentiation, extracellular elastin production, and tissue maturation. Our data demonstrated that pulsatile forces and perfusion of 3D tubular constructs from both the lumenal and ablumenal sides with culture media significantly improved tissue assembly, effectively inducing mesenchymal progenitor cell differentiation to SMCs with contemporaneous elastin production. With bioreactor cultivation, progenitor cells differentiated toward smooth muscle lineage characterized by the expression of smooth muscle (SM)-specific markers smooth muscle alpha actin (SM-α-actin) and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SM-MHC). More importantly, pulsatile perfusion bioreactor cultivation enhanced the synthesis of tropoelastin and its extracellular cross-linking into elastic fiber compared with static culture controls. Taken together, the current study demonstrated progenitor cell differentiation and vascular tissue assembly, and provides insights into elastin synthesis and assembly to fibers. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Incorporation of elastin into engineered vascular tissues represents a critical design goal for both mechanical and biological functions. In the present study, we seeded porous tubular scaffolds with multipotent mesenchymal progenitor cells and cultured in dual-pump pulsatile perfusion bioreactor. Physiological-like stimuli generated by bioreactor not only induced mesenchymal progenitor cell differentiation to vascular smooth muscle lineage but also actively promoted elastin synthesis and fiber assembly. Gene expression and protein synthesis analyses coupled with histological and immunofluorescence staining revealed that elastin-containing vascular tissues were fabricated. More importantly, co-localization and co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that elastin and fibrillin-1 were abundant throughout the cross-section of the tissue constructs suggesting a process of elastin protein crosslinking. This study paves a way forward to engineer elastin-containing functional vascular substitutes from multipotent progenitor cells in a bioreactor.
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14
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Ong CS, Zhou X, Huang CY, Fukunishi T, Zhang H, Hibino N. Tissue engineered vascular grafts: current state of the field. Expert Rev Med Devices 2017; 14:383-392. [PMID: 28447487 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2017.1324293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Conventional synthetic vascular grafts are limited by the inability to remodel, as well as issues of patency at smaller diameters. Tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs), constructed from biologically active cells and biodegradable scaffolds have the potential to overcome these limitations, and provide growth capacity and self-repair. Areas covered: This article outlines the TEVG design, biodegradable scaffolds, TEVG fabrication methods, cell seeding, drug delivery, strategies to reduce wait times, clinical trials, as well as a 5-year view with expert commentary. Expert commentary: TEVG technology has progressed significantly with advances in scaffold material and design, graft design, cell seeding and drug delivery. Strategies have been put in place to reduce wait times and improve 'off-the-shelf' capability of TEVGs. More recently, clinical trials have been conducted to investigate the clinical applications of TEVGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Siang Ong
- a Division of Cardiac Surgery , Johns Hopkins Hospital , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Xun Zhou
- a Division of Cardiac Surgery , Johns Hopkins Hospital , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Chen Yu Huang
- b Department of Physics & Astronomy , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Takuma Fukunishi
- a Division of Cardiac Surgery , Johns Hopkins Hospital , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Huaitao Zhang
- a Division of Cardiac Surgery , Johns Hopkins Hospital , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Narutoshi Hibino
- a Division of Cardiac Surgery , Johns Hopkins Hospital , Baltimore , MD , USA
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15
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Abstract
Shortage of autologous blood vessel sources and disadvantages of synthetic grafts have increased interest in the development of tissue-engineered vascular grafts. However, tunica media, which comprises layered elastic laminae, largely determines arterial elasticity, and is difficult to synthesize. Here, we describe a method for fabrication of arterial grafts with elastic layer structure from cultured human vascular SMCs by periodic exposure to extremely high hydrostatic pressure (HP) during repeated cell seeding. Repeated slow cycles (0.002 Hz) between 110 and 180 kPa increased stress-fiber polymerization and fibronectin fibrillogenesis on SMCs, which is required for elastic fiber formation. To fabricate arterial grafts, seeding of rat vascular SMCs and exposure to the periodic HP were repeated alternatively ten times. The obtained medial grafts were highly elastic and tensile rupture strength was 1451 ± 159 mmHg, in which elastic fibers were abundantly formed. The patch medial grafts were sutured at the rat aorta and found to be completely patent and endothelialized after 2.5 months, although tubular medial constructs implanted in rats as interpositional aortic grafts withstood arterial blood pressure only in early acute phase. This novel organized self-assembly method would enable mass production of scaffold-free arterial grafts in vitro and have potential therapeutic applications for cardiovascular diseases.
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16
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Shahini A, Mistriotis P, Asmani M, Zhao R, Andreadis ST. NANOG Restores Contractility of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Senescent Microtissues. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:535-545. [PMID: 28125933 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been extensively used in the field of tissue engineering as a source of smooth muscle cells (SMCs). However, recent studies showed deficits in the contractile function of SMCs derived from senescent MSCs and there are no available strategies to restore the contractile function that is impaired due to cellular or organismal senescence. In this study, we developed a tetracycline-regulatable system and employed micropost tissue arrays to evaluate the effects of the embryonic transcription factor, NANOG, on the contractility of senescent MSCs. Using this system, we show that expression of NANOG fortified the actin cytoskeleton and restored contractile function that was impaired in senescent MSCs. NANOG increased the expression of smooth muscle α-actin (ACTA2) as well as the contractile force generated by cells in three-dimensional microtissues. Interestingly, NANOG worked together with transforming growth factor-beta1 to further enhance the contractility of senescent microtissues. The effect of NANOG on contractile function was sustained for about 10 days after termination of its expression. Our results show that NANOG could reverse the effects of stem cell senescence and restore the myogenic differentiation potential of senescent MSCs. These findings may enable development of novel strategies to restore the function of senescent cardiovascular and other SMC-containing tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Shahini
- 1 Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Amherst, New York
| | - Panagiotis Mistriotis
- 1 Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Amherst, New York
| | - Mohammadnabi Asmani
- 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Amherst, New York
| | - Ruogang Zhao
- 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Amherst, New York
| | - Stelios T Andreadis
- 1 Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Amherst, New York.,2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Amherst, New York.,3 Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences , Buffalo, New York
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17
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Gui L, Dash BC, Luo J, Qin L, Zhao L, Yamamoto K, Hashimoto T, Wu H, Dardik A, Tellides G, Niklason LE, Qyang Y. Implantable tissue-engineered blood vessels from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Biomaterials 2016; 102:120-9. [PMID: 27336184 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Derivation of functional vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to generate tissue-engineered blood vessels (TEBVs) holds great potential in treating patients with vascular diseases. Herein, hiPSCs were differentiated into alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and calponin-positive VSMCs, which were seeded onto polymer scaffolds in bioreactors for vascular tissue growth. A functional TEBV with abundant collagenous matrix and sound mechanics resulted, which contained cells largely positive for α-SMA and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SM-MHC). Moreover, when hiPSC-derived TEBV segments were implanted into nude rats as abdominal aorta interposition grafts, they remained unruptured and patent with active vascular remodeling, and showed no evidence of teratoma formation during a 2-week proof-of-principle study. Our studies represent the development of the first implantable TEBVs based on hiPSCs, and pave the way for developing autologous or allogeneic grafts for clinical use in patients with vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiong Gui
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Biraja C Dash
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jiesi Luo
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Lingfeng Qin
- Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Liping Zhao
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Kota Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Takuya Hashimoto
- Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Hongwei Wu
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Alan Dardik
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - George Tellides
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Laura E Niklason
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yibing Qyang
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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18
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Zou T, Fan J, Fartash A, Liu H, Fan Y. Cell-based strategies for vascular regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:1297-314. [PMID: 26864677 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Vascular regeneration is known to play an essential role in the repair of injured tissues mainly through accelerating the repair of vascular injury caused by vascular diseases, as well as the recovery of ischemic tissues. However, the clinical vascular regeneration is still challenging. Cell-based therapy is thought to be a promising strategy for vascular regeneration, since various cells have been identified to exert important influences on the process of vascular regeneration such as the enhanced endothelium formation on the surface of vascular grafts, and the induction of vessel-like network formation in the ischemic tissues. Here are a vast number of diverse cell-based strategies that have been extensively studied in vascular regeneration. These strategies can be further classified into three main categories, including cell transplantation, construction of tissue-engineered grafts, and surface modification of scaffolds. Cells used in these strategies mainly refer to terminally differentiated vascular cells, pluripotent stem cells, multipotent stem cells, and unipotent stem cells. The aim of this review is to summarize the reported research advances on the application of various cells for vascular regeneration, yielding insights into future clinical treatment for injured tissue/organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongqiang Zou
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiabing Fan
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095
| | - Armita Fartash
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095
| | - Haifeng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.,National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, Beijing, 100176, People's Republic of China
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19
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Pashneh-Tala S, MacNeil S, Claeyssens F. The Tissue-Engineered Vascular Graft-Past, Present, and Future. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2015; 22:68-100. [PMID: 26447530 PMCID: PMC4753638 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2015.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, with this trend predicted to continue for the foreseeable future. Common disorders are associated with the stenosis or occlusion of blood vessels. The preferred treatment for the long-term revascularization of occluded vessels is surgery utilizing vascular grafts, such as coronary artery bypass grafting and peripheral artery bypass grafting. Currently, autologous vessels such as the saphenous vein and internal thoracic artery represent the gold standard grafts for small-diameter vessels (<6 mm), outperforming synthetic alternatives. However, these vessels are of limited availability, require invasive harvest, and are often unsuitable for use. To address this, the development of a tissue-engineered vascular graft (TEVG) has been rigorously pursued. This article reviews the current state of the art of TEVGs. The various approaches being explored to generate TEVGs are described, including scaffold-based methods (using synthetic and natural polymers), the use of decellularized natural matrices, and tissue self-assembly processes, with the results of various in vivo studies, including clinical trials, highlighted. A discussion of the key areas for further investigation, including graft cell source, mechanical properties, hemodynamics, integration, and assessment in animal models, is then presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samand Pashneh-Tala
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield , Broad Lane, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila MacNeil
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield , Broad Lane, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Frederik Claeyssens
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield , Broad Lane, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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20
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Maruyama CLM, Leigh NJ, Nelson JW, McCall AD, Mellas RE, Lei P, Andreadis ST, Baker OJ. Stem Cell-Soluble Signals Enhance Multilumen Formation in SMG Cell Clusters. J Dent Res 2015; 94:1610-7. [PMID: 26285810 DOI: 10.1177/0022034515600157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Saliva plays a major role in maintaining oral health. Patients with salivary hypofunction exhibit difficulty in chewing and swallowing foods, tooth decay, periodontal disease, and microbial infections. At this time, treatments for hyposalivation are limited to medications (e.g., muscarinic receptor agonists: pilocarpine and cevimeline) that induce saliva secretion from residual acinar cells as well as artificial salivary substitutes. Therefore, advancement of restorative treatments is necessary to improve the quality of life in these patients. Our previous studies indicated that salivary cells are able to form polarized 3-dimensional structures when grown on growth factor-reduced Matrigel. This basement membrane is rich in laminin-III (L1), which plays a critical role in salivary gland formation. Mitotically inactive feeder layers have been used previously to support the growth of many different cell types, as they provide factors necessary for cell growth and organization. The goal of this study was to improve salivary gland cell differentiation in primary cultures by using a combination of L1 and a feeder layer of human hair follicle-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hHF-MSCs). Our results indicated that the direct contact of mouse submandibular (mSMG) cell clusters and hHF-MSCs was not required for mSMG cells to form acinar and ductal structures. However, the hHF-MSC conditioned medium enhanced cell organization and multilumen formation, indicating that soluble signals secreted by hHF-MSCs play a role in promoting these features.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L M Maruyama
- School of Dentistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - N J Leigh
- School of Dentistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - J W Nelson
- School of Dentistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - A D McCall
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - R E Mellas
- School of Dentistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - P Lei
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - S T Andreadis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA Center of Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - O J Baker
- School of Dentistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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21
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Li P, Liu F, Wu C, Jiang W, Zhao G, Liu L, Bai T, Wang L, Jiang Y, Guo L, Qi X, Kou J, Fan R, Hao D, Lan S, Li Y, Liu JY. Feasibility of human hair follicle-derived mesenchymal stem cells/CultiSpher(®)-G constructs in regenerative medicine. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 362:69-86. [PMID: 25948482 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2182-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The use of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in cell therapies has increased the demand for strategies that allow efficient cell scale-up. Preliminary data on the three-dimensional (3D) spinner culture describing the potential use of microcarriers for hMSCs culture scale-up have been reported. We exploited a rich source of autologous stem cells (human hair follicle) and demonstrated the robust in vitro long-term expansion of human hair follicle-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hHF-MSCs) by using CultiSpher(®)-G microcarriers. We analyzed the feasibility of 3D culture by using hHF-MSCs/CultiSpher(®)-G microcarrier constructs for its potential applicability in regenerative medicine by comparatively analyzing the performance of hHF-MSCs adhered to the CultiSpher(®)-G microspheres in 3D spinner culture and those grown on the gelatin-coated plastic dishes (2D culture), using various assays. We showed that the hHF-MSCs seeded at various densities quickly adhered to and proliferated well on the microspheres, thus generating at least hundreds of millions of hHF-MSCs on 1 g of CultiSpher(®)-G within 12 days. This resulted in a cumulative cell expansion of greater than 26-fold. Notably, the maximum and average proliferation rates in 3D culture were significantly greater than that of the 2D culture. However, the hHF-MSCs from both the cultures retained surface marker and nestin expression, proliferation capacity and differentiation potentials toward adipocytes, osteoblasts and smooth muscle cells and showed no significant differences as evidenced by Edu incorporation, cell cycle, colony formation, apoptosis, biochemical quantification and qPCR assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengdong Li
- Department of Pathobiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China.,Department of Toxicology, School of Preventive Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Feilin Liu
- Department of Pathobiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunling Wu
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS-Michigan State University Joint Laboratory of Innate Immunity, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Maduan Street 427, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyue Jiang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Guifang Zhao
- Department of Pathobiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Pathobiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Bai
- Department of Pathobiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Pathobiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixu Jiang
- Department of Pathobiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Guo
- Department of Pathology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Qi
- Department of Pathobiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Junna Kou
- Department of Pathobiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruirui Fan
- Department of Pathobiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Deshun Hao
- Department of Pathobiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaowei Lan
- Department of Pathobiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulin Li
- Department of Pathobiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Yu Liu
- Department of Pathobiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Toxicology, School of Preventive Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Koobatian MT, Liang MS, Swartz DD, Andreadis ST. Differential effects of culture senescence and mechanical stimulation on the proliferation and leiomyogenic differentiation of MSC from different sources: implications for engineering vascular grafts. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 21:1364-75. [PMID: 25517657 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the effects of senescence on the proliferation and leiomyogenic differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from bone marrow (BM-MSCs) or hair follicles (HF-MSCs). To this end, we compared ovine HF-MSCs and BM-MSCs in terms of their proliferation and differentiation potential to the smooth muscle cell lineage. We discovered that HF-MSCs are less susceptible to culture senescence compared with BM-MSCs. We hypothesized that application of mechanical forces may enhance the contractility and mechanical properties of vascular constructs prepared from senescent MSCs. Interestingly, HF-MSCs and BM-MSCs responded differently to changes in the mechanical microenvironment, suggesting that despite phenotypic similarities, MSCs from different anatomic locations may activate different pathways in response to the same microenvironmental factors. In turn, this may also suggest that cell-based tissue regeneration approaches may need to be tailored to the stem cell origin, donor age, and culture time for optimal results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell T Koobatian
- 1 Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University at Buffalo , The State University of New York, Amherst, New York
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23
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Row S, Peng H, Schlaich EM, Koenigsknecht C, Andreadis ST, Swartz DD. Arterial grafts exhibiting unprecedented cellular infiltration and remodeling in vivo: the role of cells in the vascular wall. Biomaterials 2015; 50:115-26. [PMID: 25736502 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To engineer and implant vascular grafts in the arterial circulation of a pre-clinical animal model and assess the role of donor medial cells in graft remodeling and function. APPROACH AND RESULTS Vascular grafts were engineered using Small Intestinal Submucosa (SIS)-fibrin hybrid scaffold and implanted interpositionally into the arterial circulation of an ovine model. We sought to demonstrate implantability of SIS-Fibrin based grafts; examine the remodeling; and determine whether the presence of vascular cells in the medial wall was necessary for cellular infiltration from the host and successful remodeling of the implants. We observed no occlusions or anastomotic complications in 18 animals that received these grafts. Notably, the grafts exhibited unprecedented levels of host cell infiltration that was not limited to the anastomotic sites but occurred through the lumen as well as the extramural side, leading to uniform cell distribution. Incoming cells remodeled the extracellular matrix and matured into functional smooth muscle cells as evidenced by expression of myogenic markers and development of vascular reactivity. Interestingly, tracking the donor cells revealed that their presence was beneficial but not necessary for successful grafting. Indeed, the proliferation rate and number of donor cells decreased over time as the vascular wall was dominated by host cells leading to significant remodeling and development of contractile function. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that SIS-Fibrin grafts can be successfully implanted into the arterial circulation of a clinically relevant animal model, improve our understanding of vascular graft remodeling and raise the possibility of engineering mural cell-free arterial grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindhu Row
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260-4200, USA
| | - Haofan Peng
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260-4200, USA
| | - Evan M Schlaich
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260-4200, USA
| | - Carmon Koenigsknecht
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260-4200, USA
| | - Stelios T Andreadis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260-4200, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260-4200, USA; Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260-4200, USA.
| | - Daniel D Swartz
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260-4200, USA; Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260-4200, USA.
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24
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Weidenhamer NK, Moore DL, Lobo FL, Klair NT, Tranquillo RT. Influence of culture conditions and extracellular matrix alignment on human mesenchymal stem cells invasion into decellularized engineered tissues. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015; 9:605-18. [PMID: 25556358 PMCID: PMC4409517 DOI: 10.1002/term.1974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The variables that influence the in vitro recellularization potential of decellularized engineered tissues, such as cell culture conditions and scaffold alignment, have yet to be explored. The goal of this work was to explore the influence of insulin and ascorbic acid and extracellular matrix (ECM) alignment on the recellularization of decellularized engineered tissue by human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Aligned and non-aligned tissues were created by specifying the geometry and associated mechanical constraints to fibroblast-mediated fibrin gel contraction and remodelling using circular and C-shaped moulds. Decellularized tissues (matrices) of the same alignment were created by decellularization with detergents. Ascorbic acid promoted the invasion of hMSCs into the matrices due to a stimulated increase in motility and proliferation. Invasion correlated with hyaluronic acid secretion, α-smooth muscle actin expression and decreased matrix thickness. Furthermore, hMSCs invasion into aligned and non-aligned matrices was not different, although there was a difference in cell orientation. Finally, we show that hMSCs on the matrix surface appear to differentiate toward a smooth muscle cell or myofibroblast phenotype with ascorbic acid treatment. These results inform the strategy of recellularizing decellularized engineered tissue with hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan K Weidenhamer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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25
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G N, Tan A, Gundogan B, Farhatnia Y, Nayyer L, Mahdibeiraghdar S, Rajadas J, De Coppi P, Davies AH, Seifalian AM. Tissue engineering vascular grafts a fortiori: looking back and going forward. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2014; 15:231-44. [PMID: 25427995 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2015.980234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease often necessitate the surgical repair using conduits. Although autografts still remain the gold standard, the inconvenience of harvesting and/or insufficient availability in patients with atherosclerotic disease has given impetus to look into alternative sources for vascular grafts. AREAS COVERED There are four main techniques to produce tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs): i) biodegradable synthetic scaffolds; ii) gel-based scaffolds; iii) decellularised scaffolds and iv) self-assembled cell-sheet-based techniques. The first three techniques can be grouped together as scaffold-guided approach as it involves the use of a construct to function as a supportive framework for the vascular graft. The most significant advantages of TEVGs are that it possesses the ability to grow, remodel and respond to environmental factors. Cell sources for TEVGs include mature somatic cells, stem cells, adult progenitor cells and pluripotent stem cells. EXPERT OPINION TEVG holds great promise with advances in nanotechnology, coupled with important refinements in tissue engineering and decellularisation techniques. This will undoubtedly be an important milestone for cardiovascular medicine when it is eventually translated to clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha G
- University College London (UCL), Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Research Department of Nanotechnology , London NW3 2QG , UK +44 207 830 2901 ;
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26
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Gao Y, Liu F, Zhang L, Su X, Liu JY, Li Y. Acellular blood vessels combined human hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells for engineering of functional arterial grafts. Ann Biomed Eng 2014; 42:2177-89. [PMID: 25023659 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-014-1061-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-engineered vessels offer options for autologous vascular grafts in cardiovascular repair and regeneration. The experiments aimed to construct functional arterial grafts by combining human hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells (HF-MSCs) with acellular umbilical arteries. We isolated mesenchymal stem cells from human hair follicles. Under appropriate culture conditions, these cells displayed CD44, CD90 and CD105, and exhibited the potential for differentiation to adipocytes, osteoblasts and chondrocytes. Very promisingly, HF-MSCs expressed the vascular smooth muscle specific markers in the presence of transforming growth factor-β. We created acellular arterial scaffolds by digesting human umbilical arteries with trypsin and sodium dodecyl sulfate. These acellular arterial scaffolds retained major components of the extracellular matrix. The mechanical properties of these acellular arterial scaffolds were very similar to those of native blood vessels. We then seeded HF-MSCs into acellular arterial scaffolds and found that they still expressed vascular smooth muscle specific markers. The arterial grafts derived from HF-MSCs demonstrated vasoreactivity in response to humoral constrictors. We constructed arterial grafts that are very close to native blood vessels in their structures and physiological functions. These properties suggest that these arterial grafts could be used as small diameter arterial grafts for cardiovascular repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhe Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
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27
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Sundaram S, Echter A, Sivarapatna A, Qiu C, Niklason L. Small-diameter vascular graft engineered using human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:740-50. [PMID: 24125588 PMCID: PMC3926168 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the progress made thus far in the generation of small-diameter vascular grafts, cell sourcing still remains a problem. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) present an exciting new cell source for the regeneration applications due to their high proliferative and differentiation capabilities. In this study, the feasibility of creating small-diameter vascular constructs using smooth muscle cells (SMCs) differentiated from hESC-derived mesenchymal cells was evaluated. In vitro experiments confirmed the ability of these cells to differentiate into smooth muscle actin- and calponin-expressing SMCs in the presence of known inducers, such as transforming growth factor beta. Human vessel walls were constructed by culturing these cells in a bioreactor system under pulsatile conditions for 8 weeks. Histological analysis showed that vessel grafts had similarities to their native counterparts in terms of cellularity and SMC marker expression. However, markers of cartilage and bone tissue were also detected, thus raising questions about stable lineage commitment during differentiation and calling for more stringent analysis of differentiating cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumati Sundaram
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Andreana Echter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Amogh Sivarapatna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Caihong Qiu
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Laura Niklason
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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28
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Ghionzoli M, Repele A, Sartiani L, Costanzi G, Parenti A, Spinelli V, David AL, Garriboli M, Totonelli G, Tian J, Andreadis ST, Cerbai E, Mugelli A, Messineo A, Pierro A, Eaton S, De Coppi P. Human amniotic fluid stem cell differentiation along smooth muscle lineage. FASEB J 2013; 27:4853-65. [PMID: 23995291 PMCID: PMC6188351 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-218578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Functional smooth muscle engineering requires isolation and expansion of smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and this process is particularly challenging for visceral smooth muscle tissue where progenitor cells have not been clearly identified. Herein we showed for the first time that efficient SMCs can be obtained from human amniotic fluid stem cells (hAFSCs). Clonal lines were generated from c-kit(+) hAFSCs. Differentiation toward SM lineage (SMhAFSCs) was obtained using a medium conditioned by PDGF-BB and TGF-β1. Molecular assays revealed higher level of α smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), desmin, calponin, and smoothelin in SMhAFSCs when compared to hAFSCs. Ultrastructural analysis demonstrated that SMhAFSCs also presented in the cytoplasm increased intermediate filaments, dense bodies, and glycogen deposits like SMCs. SMhAFSC metabolism evaluated via mass spectrometry showed higher glucose oxidation and an enhanced response to mitogenic stimuli in comparison to hAFSCs. Patch clamp of transduced hAFSCs with lentiviral vectors encoding ZsGreen under the control of the α-SMA promoter was performed demonstrating that SMhAFSCs retained a smooth muscle cell-like electrophysiological fingerprint. Eventually SMhAFSCs contractility was evident both at single cell level and on a collagen gel. In conclusion, we showed here that hAFSCs under selective culture conditions are able to give rise to functional SMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ghionzoli
- 2UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond St. Hospital for Children, 30 Guilford St., London WC1N 1EH, UK.
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29
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Liang MS, Koobatian M, Lei P, Swartz DD, Andreadis ST. Differential and synergistic effects of mechanical stimulation and growth factor presentation on vascular wall function. Biomaterials 2013; 34:7281-91. [PMID: 23810080 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the hypothesis that immobilizing TGF-β1 within fibrin hydrogels may act in synergy with cyclic mechanical stimulation to enhance the properties of vascular grafts. To this end, we engineered a fusion TGF-β1 protein that can covalently anchor to fibrin during polymerization upon the action of factor XIII. We also developed a 24-well based bioreactor in which vascular constructs can be mechanically stimulated by distending the silastic mandrel in the middle of each well. TGF-β1 was either conjugated to fibrin or supplied in the culture medium and the fibrin-based constructs were cultured statically for a week followed by cyclic distention for another week. The tissues were examined for myogenic differentiation, vascular reactivity, mechanical properties and ECM content. Our results showed that some aspects of vascular function were differentially affected by growth factor presentation vs. pulsatile force application, while others were synergistically enhanced by both. Overall, this two-prong biomimetic approach improved ECM secretion, vascular reactivity and mechanical properties of vascular constructs. These findings may be applied in other tissue engineering applications such as cartilage, tendon or cardiac regeneration where growth factors TGF-β1 and mechano-stimulation play critical roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Shih Liang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260-4200, USA
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30
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Abstract
Vascular occlusion remains the leading cause of death in Western countries, despite advances made in balloon angioplasty and conventional surgical intervention. Vascular surgery, such as CABG surgery, arteriovenous shunts, and the treatment of congenital anomalies of the coronary artery and pulmonary tracts, requires biologically responsive vascular substitutes. Autografts, particularly saphenous vein and internal mammary artery, are the gold-standard grafts used to treat vascular occlusions. Prosthetic grafts have been developed as alternatives to autografts, but their low patency owing to short-term and intermediate-term thrombosis still limits their clinical application. Advances in vascular tissue engineering technology-such as self-assembling cell sheets, as well as scaffold-guided and decellularized-matrix approaches-promise to produce responsive, living conduits with properties similar to those of native tissue. Over the past decade, vascular tissue engineering has become one of the fastest-growing areas of research, and is now showing some success in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawit G Seifu
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering and Quebec University Hospital Center, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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31
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Andrée B, Bär A, Haverich A, Hilfiker A. Small intestinal submucosa segments as matrix for tissue engineering: review. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2013; 19:279-91. [PMID: 23216258 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2012.0583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) is an emerging interdisciplinary field aiming at the restoration or improvement of impaired tissue function. A combination of cells, scaffold materials, engineering methods, and biochemical and physiological factors is employed to generate the desired tissue substitute. Scaffolds often play a pivotal role in the engineering process supporting a three-dimensional tissue formation. The ideal scaffold should mimic the native extracellular environment providing mechanical and biological properties to allow cell attachment, migration, and differentiation, as well as remodeling by the host organism. The scaffold should be nonimmunogenic and should ideally be resorbed by the host over time, leaving behind only the regenerated tissue. More than 40 years ago, a preparation of the small intestine was introduced for the replacement of vascular structures. Since then the small intestinal submucosa (SIS) has gained a lot of interest in TE and subsequent clinical applications, as this material exhibits key features of a highly supportive scaffold. This review will focus on the general properties of the SIS and its applications in therapeutical approaches as well as in generating tissue substitutes in vitro. Furthermore, the main problem of TE, which is the insufficient nourishment of cells within three-dimensional, artificial tissues exceeding certain dimensions is addressed. To solve this issue the implementation of another small intestine-derived preparation, the biological vascularized matrix (BioVaM), could be a feasible option. The BioVaM comprises in addition to SIS the arterial and venous mesenteric pedicles and exhibits thereby a perfusable vessel bed that is preserved after decellularization.
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32
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Mistriotis P, Andreadis ST. Hair follicle: a novel source of multipotent stem cells for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2013; 19:265-78. [PMID: 23157470 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2012.0422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The adult body harbors powerful reservoirs of stem cells that enable tissue regeneration under homeostatic conditions or in response to disease or injury. The hair follicle (HF) is a readily accessible mini organ within the skin and contains stem cells from diverse developmental origins that were shown to have surprisingly broad differentiation potential. In this review, we discuss the biology of the HF with particular emphasis on the various stem cell populations residing within the tissue. We summarize the existing knowledge on putative HF stem cell markers, the differentiation potential, and technologies to isolate and expand distinct stem cell populations. We also discuss the potential of HF stem cells for drug and gene delivery, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. We propose that the abundance of stem cells with broad differentiation potential and the ease of accessibility makes the HF an ideal source of stem cells for gene and cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Mistriotis
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, New York 14260-4200, USA
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33
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Bajpai VK, Mistriotis P, Loh YH, Daley GQ, Andreadis ST. Functional vascular smooth muscle cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells via mesenchymal stem cell intermediates. Cardiovasc Res 2012; 96:391-400. [PMID: 22941255 PMCID: PMC3584971 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Smooth muscle cells (SMC) play an important role in vascular homeostasis and disease. Although adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been used as a source of contractile SMC, they suffer from limited proliferation potential and culture senescence, particularly when originating from older donors. By comparison, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) can provide an unlimited source of functional SMC for autologous cell-based therapies and for creating models of vascular disease. Our goal was to develop an efficient strategy to derive functional, contractile SMC from hiPSC. METHODS AND RESULTS We developed a robust, stage-wise, feeder-free strategy for hiPSC differentiation into functional SMC through an intermediate stage of multipotent MSC, which could be coaxed to differentiate into fat, bone, cartilage, and muscle. At this stage, the cells were highly proliferative and displayed higher clonogenic potential and reduced senescence when compared with parental hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells. In addition, when exposed to differentiation medium, the myogenic proteins such as α-smooth muscle actin, calponin, and myosin heavy chain were significantly upregulated and displayed robust fibrillar organization, suggesting the development of a contractile phenotype. Indeed, tissue constructs prepared from these cells exhibited high levels of contractility in response to receptor- and non-receptor-mediated agonists. CONCLUSION We developed an efficient stage-wise strategy that enabled hiPSC differentiation into contractile SMC through an intermediate population of clonogenic and multipotent MSC. The high yield of MSC and SMC derivation suggests that our strategy may facilitate an acquisition of the large numbers of cells required for regenerative medicine or for studying vascular disease pathophysiology.
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MESH Headings
- Actins/metabolism
- Adipogenesis
- Animals
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Lineage/genetics
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Cellular Senescence
- Chondrogenesis
- Coculture Techniques
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Genotype
- Humans
- Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/drug effects
- Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism
- Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/physiology
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/drug effects
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/physiology
- Mice
- Microfilament Proteins/metabolism
- Muscle Development/genetics
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/physiology
- Myosin Heavy Chains/metabolism
- Osteogenesis
- Phenotype
- Up-Regulation
- Vasoconstriction/drug effects
- Vasoconstrictor Agents/pharmacology
- Calponins
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek K. Bajpai
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering,University of Buffalo, The State University of New York, 908 Furnas Hall, Amherst, NY 14260-4200, USA
| | - Panagiotis Mistriotis
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering,University of Buffalo, The State University of New York, 908 Furnas Hall, Amherst, NY 14260-4200, USA
| | - Yuin-Han Loh
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children's Hospital Boston and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - George Q. Daley
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children's Hospital Boston and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stelios T. Andreadis
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering,University of Buffalo, The State University of New York, 908 Furnas Hall, Amherst, NY 14260-4200, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260-4200, USA
- Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
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34
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Liu Y, Wang S, Shi S. The role of recipient T cells in mesenchymal stem cell-based tissue regeneration. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 44:2044-50. [PMID: 22903019 PMCID: PMC3454862 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Revised: 07/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in stem cell biology, regenerative medicine, and stem cell-based tissue engineering. Such scientific strides highlight the potential of replacing or repairing damaged tissues in congenital abnormalities, diseases, or injuries, as well as constructing functional tissue or organs in vivo. Since mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are capable of differentiating into bone-forming cells, they constitute an appropriate cell source to repair damaged bone tissues. In addition, the immunoregulatory property of MSCs provides a foundation for their use in treating a variety of autoimmune diseases. However, the interaction between MSCs and immune cells in cell-based tissue regeneration is largely unknown. In this review, we will discuss the current understanding of MSC-based tissue regeneration, emphasizing the role of the immune microenvironment in bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Faculty of Periodontics, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tian Tan Xi Li No. 4, Beijing 100050, China
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSA 103, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Songlin Wang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tian Tan Xi Li No. 4, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Songtao Shi
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSA 103, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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35
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Renth AN, Detamore MS. Leveraging "raw materials" as building blocks and bioactive signals in regenerative medicine. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2012; 18:341-62. [PMID: 22462759 PMCID: PMC3458620 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2012.0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Components found within the extracellular matrix (ECM) have emerged as an essential subset of biomaterials for tissue engineering scaffolds. Collagen, glycosaminoglycans, bioceramics, and ECM-based matrices are the main categories of "raw materials" used in a wide variety of tissue engineering strategies. The advantages of raw materials include their inherent ability to create a microenvironment that contains physical, chemical, and mechanical cues similar to native tissue, which prove unmatched by synthetic biomaterials alone. Moreover, these raw materials provide a head start in the regeneration of tissues by providing building blocks to be bioresorbed and incorporated into the tissue as opposed to being biodegraded into waste products and removed. This article reviews the strategies and applications of employing raw materials as components of tissue engineering constructs. Utilizing raw materials holds the potential to provide both a scaffold and a signal, perhaps even without the addition of exogenous growth factors or cytokines. Raw materials contain endogenous proteins that may also help to improve the translational success of tissue engineering solutions to progress from laboratory bench to clinical therapies. Traditionally, the tissue engineering triad has included cells, signals, and materials. Whether raw materials represent their own new paradigm or are categorized as a bridge between signals and materials, it is clear that they have emerged as a leading strategy in regenerative medicine. The common use of raw materials in commercial products as well as their growing presence in the research community speak to their potential. However, there has heretofore not been a coordinated or organized effort to classify these approaches, and as such we recommend that the use of raw materials be introduced into the collective consciousness of our field as a recognized classification of regenerative medicine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda N. Renth
- Bioengineering Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Michael S. Detamore
- Bioengineering Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
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36
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Bajpai VK, Andreadis ST. Stem cell sources for vascular tissue engineering and regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2012; 18:405-25. [PMID: 22571595 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2011.0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the stem cell sources with the potential to be used in vascular tissue engineering and to promote vascular regeneration. The first clinical studies using tissue-engineered vascular grafts are already under way, supporting the potential of this technology in the treatment of cardiovascular and other diseases. Despite progress in engineering biomaterials with the appropriate mechanical properties and biological cues as well as bioreactors for generating the correct tissue microenvironment, the source of cells that make up the vascular tissues remains a major challenge for tissue engineers and physicians. Mature cells from the tissue of origin may be difficult to obtain and suffer from limited proliferative capacity, which may further decline as a function of donor age. On the other hand, multipotent and pluripotent stem cells have great potential to provide large numbers of autologous cells with a great differentiation capacity. Here, we discuss the adult multipotent as well as embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, their differentiation potential toward vascular lineages, and their use in engineering functional and implantable vascular tissues. We also discuss the associated challenges that need to be addressed in order to facilitate the transition of this technology from the bench to the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek K Bajpai
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, New York 14260-4200, USA
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Sundaram S, Niklason LE. Smooth muscle and other cell sources for human blood vessel engineering. Cells Tissues Organs 2011; 195:15-25. [PMID: 22041291 DOI: 10.1159/000331409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite substantial progress in the field of vascular tissue engineering over the past decades, transition to human models has been rather challenging. The limited replicative life spans of human adult vascular cells, and their slow rate of collagenous matrix production in vitro, have posed important hurdles in the development of mechanically robust and biologically functional engineered grafts. With the more recent advances in the field of stem cells, investigators now have access to a plethora of new cell source alternatives for vascular engineering. In this paper, we review various alternative cell sources made available more recently for blood vessel engineering and also present some recent data on the derivation of smooth muscle cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumati Sundaram
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Conn., USA
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38
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Peng H, Schlaich EM, Row S, Andreadis ST, Swartz DD. A novel ovine ex vivo arteriovenous shunt model to test vascular implantability. Cells Tissues Organs 2011; 195:108-21. [PMID: 22005667 DOI: 10.1159/000331415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The major objective of successful development of tissue-engineered vascular grafts is long-term in vivo patency. Optimization of matrix, cell source, surface modifications, and physical preconditioning are all elements of attaining a compatible, durable, and functional vascular construct. In vitro model systems are inadequate to test elements of thrombogenicity and vascular dynamic functional properties while in vivo implantation is complicated, labor-intensive, and cost-ineffective. We proposed an ex vivo ovine arteriovenous shunt model in which we can test the patency and physical properties of vascular grafts under physiologic conditions. The pressure, flow rate, and vascular diameter were monitored in real-time in order to evaluate the pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, and dynamic elastic modulus, all indicators of graft stiffness. Carotid arteries, jugular veins, and small intestinal submucosa-based grafts were tested. SIS grafts demonstrated physical properties between those of carotid arteries and jugular veins. Anticoagulation properties of grafts were assessed via scanning electron microscopy imaging, en face immunostaining, and histology. Luminal seeding with endothelial cells greatly decreased the attachment of thrombotic components. This model is also suture free, allowing for multiple samples to be stably processed within one animal. This tunable (pressure, flow, shear) ex vivo shunt model can be used to optimize the implantability and long-term patency of tissue-engineered vascular constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haofan Peng
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Women and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, N.Y., USA
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39
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Peck M, Gebhart D, Dusserre N, McAllister TN, L'Heureux N. The evolution of vascular tissue engineering and current state of the art. Cells Tissues Organs 2011; 195:144-58. [PMID: 21996786 DOI: 10.1159/000331406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dacron® (polyethylene terephthalate) and Goretex® (expanded polytetrafluoroethylene) vascular grafts have been very successful in replacing obstructed blood vessels of large and medium diameters. However, as diameters decrease below 6 mm, these grafts are clearly outperformed by transposed autologous veins and, particularly, arteries. With approximately 8 million individuals with peripheral arterial disease, over 500,000 patients diagnosed with end-stage renal disease, and over 250,000 patients per year undergoing coronary bypass in the USA alone, there is a critical clinical need for a functional small-diameter conduit [Lloyd-Jones et al., Circulation 2010;121:e46-e215]. Over the last decade, we have witnessed a dramatic paradigm shift in cardiovascular tissue engineering that has driven the field away from biomaterial-focused approaches and towards more biology-driven strategies. In this article, we review the preclinical and clinical efforts in the quest for a tissue-engineered blood vessel that is free of permanent synthetic scaffolds but has the mechanical strength to become a successful arterial graft. Special emphasis is given to the tissue engineering by self-assembly (TESA) approach, which has been the only one to reach clinical trials for applications under arterial pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Peck
- Cytograft Tissue Engineering Inc., Novato, Calif., USA
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40
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Bajpai VK, Mistriotis P, Andreadis ST. Clonal multipotency and effect of long-term in vitro expansion on differentiation potential of human hair follicle derived mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2011; 8:74-84. [PMID: 22099022 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Revised: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair follicle harbors a rich stem cell pool with mesenchymal lineage differentiation potential. Although previous studies with rodent cells demonstrated that hair follicle sheath and papilla cells possess multi-lineage differentiation potential, human hair follicle derived mesenchymal stem cells (hHF-MSCs) have not been characterized in detail in terms of their multipotency. In addition, it is not clear whether these cells are true stem cells that can differentiate along multiple lineages or whether they represent a collection of progenitor cells with restricted differentiation potential. Here we report that hHF-MSCs are highly proliferative cells that can be maintained in culture for ~45 population doublings before they start to show signs of cellular senescence. Under appropriate culture conditions, hHF-MSCs differentiated along the myogenic, osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lineages, as demonstrated by kinetic gene expression profiling and functional assays. Interestingly, the differentiation potential decreased with time in culture in a lineage-specific manner. Specifically, myogenesis and chondrogenesis showed a moderate decrease over time; osteogenesis was maximum at intermediate passages and adipogenesis was highly sensitive to long-term culture and was diminished at late passages. Finally, hHF-MSCs were clonally multipotent as the majority of hHF-MSCs clones (73%) demonstrated bi- or tri-lineage differentiation potential. These results suggest that hHF-MSCs may present as an alternative source of easily accessible, autologous stem cells for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek K Bajpai
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260-4200, USA
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