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Wang H, Xia H, Xu Z, Hu B, Natsuki T, Ni QQ. Heat-Stimuli Shape Memory Effect of Poly (ε-Caprolactone)-Cellulose Acetate Composite Tubular Scaffolds. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:4074-4084. [PMID: 36166624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Small-diameter artery disease is the most common clinical occurrence, necessitating the development of small-diameter artificial blood vessels. In this study, seven types of poly(-caprolactone)-cellulose acetate (PCL-CA) composite nanofiber membranes were prepared with different proportions of PCL and CA. The adhesion and growth of Mc3t3-e1 cells were considered to confirm the in vitro cytocompatibility of PCL-CA membranes. A smooth stainless-steel mandrel with a diameter of 4 mm was used to roll up the prepared nanofiber membranes to produce the tubular scaffold with 50 °C hot water. The tubular scaffolds were subjected to axial and circumferential tensile tests. The mechanical performance of the PCL-CA tubular scaffold could be improved by increasing the layers. In addition, the burst pressure (BP) of the tubular scaffolds was increased with the layers, and the BPs of six-layer (2380 ± 36.8 mmHg) and eight-layer (3720 ± 80.5 mmHg) tubular scaffolds were much higher than that of the human saphenous vein (2000 mmHg). The compression shape memory performances of the PCL-CA tubular scaffold with different layers were also investigated to simulate and analyze the contraction and expansion of tubular scaffolds. The experimental results showed that the compression strain of the tubular scaffold in the diameter direction reached 35%, and the ultimate shape recovery rate reached 87%. However, the shape fixity rate and shape recovery rate increased, demonstrating that the optimum number of layers can improve the compression shape memory performance of the tubular scaffold. The results of this study, including comprehensive morphological and mechanical properties and cytocompatibility, indicated the potential applicability of PCL-CA tubular scaffolds as tissue engineering grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
| | - Hong Xia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
| | - Zhenzhen Xu
- College of Textiles and Garments, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Baoji Hu
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Natsuki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
| | - Qing-Qing Ni
- International Institute of Fiber Engineering, Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
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2
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Feng ZG, Fang Z, Xing Y, Wang H, Geng X, Ye L, Zhang A, Gu Y. Remodeling of Structurally Reinforced (TPU+PCL/PCL)-Hep Electro-spun Small Diameter Bilayer Vascular Grafts Interposed in Rat Ab-dominal Aorta. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:4257-4270. [DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01653a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) elastomer possesses good biocompatibility and mechanical properties similar to native vascular tissues as well, it is intended to co-electrospin with poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) onto the outer...
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3
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Porous Bilayer Vascular Grafts Fabricated from Electrospinning of the Recombinant Human Collagen (RHC) Peptide-Based Blend. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13224042. [PMID: 34833340 PMCID: PMC8619216 DOI: 10.3390/polym13224042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, including coronary artery and peripheral vascular pathologies, are leading causes of mortality. As an alternative to autografts, prosthetic grafts have been developed to reduce the death rate. This study presents the development and characterization of bilayer vascular grafts with appropriate structural and biocompatibility properties. A polymer blend of recombinant human collagen (RHC) peptides and polycaprolactone (PCL) was used to build the inner layer of the graft by electrospinning and co-electrospinning the water-soluble polyethylene oxide (PEO) as sacrificial material together with PCL to generate the porous outer layer. The mechanical test demonstrated the bilayer scaffold’s appropriate mechanical properties as compared with the native vascular structure. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) showed enhanced adhesion to the lumen after seeding on nanoscale fibers. Meanwhile, by enhancing the porosity of the microfibrous outer layer through the removal of PEO fibers, rat smooth muscle cells (A7r5) could proliferate and infiltrate the porous layer easily.
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4
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Lin CH, Hsia K, Lu JH, Ma H. Cryopreserved allogenic vascular graft in free-flap reconstructive microsurgery: case report. J Surg Case Rep 2021; 2021:rjab375. [PMID: 34457239 PMCID: PMC8390391 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjab375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of cryopreserved allogenic vascular graft in reconstructive microsurgery has rarely been reported. Here, we report a case of lower extremity reconstruction using cryopreserved hepatic artery as the vein conduit. Postoperative flap perfusion was uneventful with satisfactory wound healing, and graft patency was observed on follow-up color Doppler. Thus, cryopreserved allogenic vascular graft could be a source of vascular conduit in microsurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hsun Lin
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Kai Hsia
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Her Lu
- Section of pediatric cardiology, department of pediatrics, Taipei medical university hospital, Taipei11031, Taiwan
| | - Hsu Ma
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
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5
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Dessalles CA, Leclech C, Castagnino A, Barakat AI. Integration of substrate- and flow-derived stresses in endothelial cell mechanobiology. Commun Biol 2021; 4:764. [PMID: 34155305 PMCID: PMC8217569 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02285-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) lining all blood vessels are subjected to large mechanical stresses that regulate their structure and function in health and disease. Here, we review EC responses to substrate-derived biophysical cues, namely topography, curvature, and stiffness, as well as to flow-derived stresses, notably shear stress, pressure, and tensile stresses. Because these mechanical cues in vivo are coupled and are exerted simultaneously on ECs, we also review the effects of multiple cues and describe burgeoning in vitro approaches for elucidating how ECs integrate and interpret various mechanical stimuli. We conclude by highlighting key open questions and upcoming challenges in the field of EC mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire A Dessalles
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Institut polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Claire Leclech
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Institut polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Alessia Castagnino
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Institut polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Abdul I Barakat
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Institut polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France.
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6
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Inoue T, Kanda K, Yamanami M, Kami D, Gojo S, Yaku H. Modifications of the mechanical properties of in vivo tissue-engineered vascular grafts by chemical treatments for a short duration. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248346. [PMID: 33711057 PMCID: PMC7954299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo tissue-engineered vascular grafts constructed in the subcutaneous spaces of graft recipients have functioned well clinically. Because the formation of vascular graft tissues depends on several recipient conditions, chemical pretreatments, such as dehydration by ethanol (ET) or crosslinking by glutaraldehyde (GA), have been attempted to improve the initial mechanical durability of the tissues. Here, we compared the effects of short-duration (10 min) chemical treatments on the mechanical properties of tissues. Tubular tissues (internal diameter, 5 mm) constructed in the subcutaneous tissues of beagle dogs (4 weeks, n = 3), were classified into three groups: raw tissue without any treatment (RAW), tissue dehydrated with 70% ET (ET), and tissue crosslinked with 0.6% GA (GA). Five mechanical parameters were measured: burst pressure, suture retention strength, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), ultimate strain (%), and Young’s modulus. The tissues were also autologously re-embedded into the subcutaneous spaces of the same dogs for 4 weeks (n = 2) for the evaluation of histological responses. The burst pressure of the RAW group (1275.9 ± 254.0 mm Hg) was significantly lower than those of ET (2115.1 ± 262.2 mm Hg, p = 0.0298) and GA (2570.5 ± 282.6 mm Hg, p = 0.0017) groups. Suture retention strength, UTS or the ultimate strain did not differ significantly among the groups. Young’s modulus of the ET group was the highest (RAW: 5.41 ± 1.16 MPa, ET: 12.28 ± 2.55 MPa, GA: 7.65 ± 1.18 MPa, p = 0.0185). No significant inflammatory tissue response or evidence of residual chemical toxicity was observed in samples implanted subcutaneously for four weeks. Therefore, short-duration ET and GA treatment might improve surgical handling and the mechanical properties of in vivo tissue-engineered vascular tissues to produce ideal grafts in terms of mechanical properties without interfering with histological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Inoue
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kanda
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Masashi Yamanami
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kami
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Gojo
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yaku
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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7
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Fusaro L, Gualandi C, Antonioli D, Soccio M, Liguori A, Laus M, Lotti N, Boccafoschi F, Focarete ML. Elastomeric Electrospun Scaffolds of a Biodegradable Aliphatic Copolyester Containing PEG-Like Sequences for Dynamic Culture of Human Endothelial Cells. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1620. [PMID: 33266333 PMCID: PMC7759847 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In the field of artificial prostheses for damaged vessel replacement, polymeric scaffolds showing the right combination of mechanical performance, biocompatibility, and biodegradability are still demanded. In the present work, poly(butylene-co-triethylene trans-1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate), a biodegradable random aliphatic copolyester, has been synthesized and electrospun in form of aligned and random fibers properly designed for vascular applications. The obtained materials were analyzed through tensile and dynamic-mechanical tests, the latter performed under conditions simulating the mechanical contraction of vascular tissue. Furthermore, the in vitro biological characterization, in terms of hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility in static and dynamic conditions, was also carried out. The mechanical properties of the investigated scaffolds fit within the range of physiological properties for medium- and small-caliber blood vessels, and the aligned scaffolds displayed a strain-stiffening behavior typical of the blood vessels. Furthermore, all the produced scaffolds showed constant storage and loss moduli in the investigated timeframe (24 h), demonstrating the stability of the scaffolds under the applied conditions of mechanical deformation. The biological characterization highlighted that the mats showed high hemocompatibility and low probability of thrombus formation; finally, the cytocompatibility tests demonstrated that cyclic stretch of electrospun fibers increased endothelial cell activity and proliferation, in particular on aligned scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Gualandi
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician” and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.G.); (A.L.)
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, CIRI-MAM, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Diego Antonioli
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation and INSTM UdR Alessandria, University of Piemonte Orientale, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (D.A.); (M.L.)
| | - Michelina Soccio
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (M.S.); (N.L.)
| | - Anna Liguori
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician” and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.G.); (A.L.)
| | - Michele Laus
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation and INSTM UdR Alessandria, University of Piemonte Orientale, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (D.A.); (M.L.)
| | - Nadia Lotti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (M.S.); (N.L.)
| | - Francesca Boccafoschi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Focarete
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician” and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.G.); (A.L.)
- Health Sciences & Technologies (HST) CIRI, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy
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8
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Zhou X, Nowicki M, Sun H, Hann SY, Cui H, Esworthy T, Lee JD, Plesniak M, Zhang LG. 3D Bioprinting-Tunable Small-Diameter Blood Vessels with Biomimetic Biphasic Cell Layers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:45904-45915. [PMID: 33006880 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c14871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Blood vessel damage resulting from trauma or diseases presents a serious risk of morbidity and mortality. Although synthetic vascular grafts have been successfully commercialized for clinical use, they are currently only readily available for large-diameter vessels (>6 mm). Small-diameter vessel (<6 mm) replacements, however, still present significant clinical challenges worldwide. The primary objective of this study is to create novel, tunable, small-diameter blood vessels with biomimetic two distinct cell layers [vascular endothelial cell (VEC) and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC)] using an advanced coaxial 3D-bioplotter platform. Specifically, the VSMCs were laden in the vessel wall and VECs grew in the lumen to mimic the natural composition of the blood vessel. First, a novel bioink consisting of VSMCs laden in gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)/polyethylene(glycol)diacrylate/alginate and lyase was designed. This specific design is favorable for nutrient exchange in an ambient environment and simultaneously improves laden cell proliferation in the matrix pore without the space restriction inherent with substance encapsulation. In the vessel wall, the laden VSMCs steadily grew as the alginate was gradually degraded by lyase leaving more space for cell proliferation in matrices. Through computational fluid dynamics simulation, the vessel demonstrated significantly perfusable and mechanical properties under various flow velocities, flow viscosities, and temperature conditions. Moreover, both VSMCs in the scaffold matrix and VECs in the lumen steadily proliferated over time creating a significant two-cell-layered structure. Cell proliferation was confirmed visually through staining the markers of alpha-smooth muscle actin and cluster of differentiation 31, commonly tied to angiogenesis phenomena, in the vessel matrices and lumen, respectively. Furthermore, the results were confirmed quantitatively through gene analysis which suggested good angiogenesis expression in the blood vessels. This study demonstrated that the printed blood vessels with two distinct cell layers of VECs and VSMCs could be potential candidates for clinical small-diameter blood vessel replacement applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhou
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington District of Columbia 20052, United States
| | - Margaret Nowicki
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, The United States Military Academy, West Point, New York 10996, United States
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington District of Columbia 20052, United States
| | - Sung Yun Hann
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington District of Columbia 20052, United States
| | - Haitao Cui
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington District of Columbia 20052, United States
| | - Timothy Esworthy
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington District of Columbia 20052, United States
| | - James D Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington District of Columbia 20052, United States
| | - Michael Plesniak
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington District of Columbia 20052, United States
| | - Lijie Grace Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington District of Columbia 20052, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington District of Columbia 20052, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington District of Columbia 20052, United States
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington District of Columbia 20052, United States
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9
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Thottappillil N, Nair PD. Dual source co-electrospun tubular scaffold generated from gelatin-vinyl acetate and poly-ɛ-caprolactone for smooth muscle cell mediated blood vessel engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 114:111030. [PMID: 32994010 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Neelima Thottappillil
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Technologies, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, India
| | - Prabha D Nair
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Technologies, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, India.
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10
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Zhao L, Li X, Yang L, Sun L, Mu S, Zong H, Li Q, Wang F, Song S, Yang C, Zhao C, Chen H, Zhang R, Wang S, Dong Y, Zhang Q. Evaluation of remodeling and regeneration of electrospun PCL/fibrin vascular grafts in vivo. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 118:111441. [PMID: 33255034 PMCID: PMC7445127 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The success of artificial vascular graft in the host to obtain functional tissue regeneration and remodeling is a great challenge in the field of small diameter tissue engineering blood vessels. In our previous work, poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)/fibrin vascular grafts were fabricated by electrospinning. It was proved that the PCL/fibrin vascular graft was a suitable small diameter tissue engineering vascular scaffold with good biomechanical properties and cell compatibility. Here we mainly examined the performance of PCL/fibrin vascular graft in vivo. The graft showed randomly arranged nanofiber structure, excellent mechanical strength, higher compliance and degradation properties. At 9 months after implantation in the rat abdominal aorta, the graft induced the regeneration of neoarteries, and promoted ECM deposition and rapid endothelialization. More importantly, the PCL/fibrin vascular graft showed more microvessels density and fewer calcification areas at 3 months, which was beneficial to improve cell infiltration and proliferation. Moreover, the ratio of M2/M1macrophage in PCL/fibrin graft had a higher expression level and the secretion amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines started to increase, and then decreased to similar to the native artery. Thus, the electrospun PCL/fibrin tubular vascular graft had great potential to become a new type of artificial blood vessel scaffold that can be implanted in vivo for long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiac Structure Research, Zhengzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Xiafei Li
- College of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lei Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; First Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lulu Sun
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Songfeng Mu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; First Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Haibin Zong
- College of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qiong Li
- Nursing School, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Fengyao Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Shuang Song
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chengqiang Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Changhong Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hongli Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Service Center for Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shicheng Wang
- General Surgery Department, West District Hospital of Nanyang The First People's Hospital, Nanyang, China
| | - Yuzhen Dong
- First Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
| | - Qiqing Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
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11
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Dayekh K, Mequanint K. Comparative Studies of Fibrin-Based Engineered Vascular Tissues and Notch Signaling from Progenitor Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:2696-2706. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Dayekh
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Kibret Mequanint
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
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12
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Li S, Wang K, Hu Q, Zhang C, Wang B. Direct-write and sacrifice-based techniques for vasculatures. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 104:109936. [PMID: 31500055 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fabricating biomimetic vasculatures is considered one of the greatest challenges in tissue regeneration due to their complex structures across various length scales. Many strategies have been investigated on how to fabricate tissue-engineering vasculatures (TEVs), including vascular-like and vascularized structures that can replace their native counterparts. The advancement of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies has enabled a wide range of fabrication techniques that can directly-write TEVs with complex and delicate structures. Meanwhile, sacrifice-based techniques, which rely on the removal of encapsulated sacrificial templates to form desired cavity-like structures, have also been widely studied. This review will specifically focus on the two most promising methods in these recently developed technologies, which are the direct-write method and the sacrifice-based method. The performance, advantages, and shortcomings of each technique are analyzed and compared. In the discussion, we list current challenges in this field and present our vision of next-generation TEVs technologies. Perspectives on future research in this field are given at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- Georgia Tech Manufacturing Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Rapid Manufacturing Engineering Center, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Kan Wang
- Georgia Tech Manufacturing Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Qingxi Hu
- Rapid Manufacturing Engineering Center, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Engineering Training Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Chuck Zhang
- Georgia Tech Manufacturing Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Ben Wang
- Georgia Tech Manufacturing Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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13
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Polydimethylsiloxane and poly(ether) ether ketone functionally graded composites for biomedical applications. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 93:130-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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van Haaften EE, van Turnhout MC, Kurniawan NA. Image-based analysis of uniaxial ring test for mechanical characterization of soft materials and biological tissues. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:3353-3361. [PMID: 30924833 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm02343c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Uniaxial ring test is a widely used mechanical characterization method for a variety of materials, from industrial elastomers to biological materials. Here we show that the combination of local material compression, bending, and stretching during uniaxial ring test results in a geometry-dependent deformation profile that can introduce systematic errors in the extraction of mechanical parameters. We identify the stress and strain regimes under which stretching dominates and develop a simple image-based analysis approach that eliminates these systematic errors. We rigorously test this approach computationally and experimentally, and demonstrate that we can accurately estimate the sample mechanical properties for a wide range of ring geometries. As a proof of concept for its application, we use the approach to analyze explanted rat vascular tissues and find a clear temporal change in the mechanical properties of these explants after graft implantation. The image-based approach can therefore offer a straightforward, versatile, and accurate method for mechanically characterizing new classes of soft and biological materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline E van Haaften
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands
| | - Mark C van Turnhout
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas A Kurniawan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands
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15
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Galbraith T, Roy V, Bourget JM, Tsutsumi T, Picard-Deland M, Morin JF, Gauvin R, Ismail AA, Auger FA, Gros-Louis F. Cell Seeding on UV-C-Treated 3D Polymeric Templates Allows for Cost-Effective Production of Small-Caliber Tissue-Engineered Blood Vessels. Biotechnol J 2018; 14:e1800306. [PMID: 30488607 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
There is a strong clinical need to develop small-caliber tissue-engineered blood vessels for arterial bypass surgeries. Such substitutes can be engineered using the self-assembly approach in which cells produce their own extracellular matrix (ECM), creating a robust vessel without exogenous material. However, this approach is currently limited to the production of flat sheets that need to be further rolled into the final desired tubular shape. In this study, human fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells were seeded directly on UV-C-treated cylindrical polyethylene terephthalate glycol-modified (PETG) mandrels of 4.8 mm diameter. UV-C treatment induced surface modification, confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, was necessary to ensure proper cellular attachment and optimized ECM secretion/assembly. This novel approach generated solid tubular conduits with high level of cohesion between concentric cellular layers and enhanced cell-driven circumferential alignment that can be manipulated after 21 days of culture. This simple and cost-effective mandrel-seeded approach also allowed for endothelialization of the construct and the production of perfusable trilayered tissue-engineered blood vessels with a closed lumen. This study lays the foundation for a broad field of possible applications enabling custom-made reconstructed tissues of specialized shapes using a surface treated 3D structure as a template for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd Galbraith
- Laval University Experimental Organogenesis Research Center/LOEX, Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center, Enfant-Jésus Hospital, 1401, 18e rue, Québec, G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Vincent Roy
- Laval University Experimental Organogenesis Research Center/LOEX, Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center, Enfant-Jésus Hospital, 1401, 18e rue, Québec, G1J 1Z4, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Michel Bourget
- Laval University Experimental Organogenesis Research Center/LOEX, Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center, Enfant-Jésus Hospital, 1401, 18e rue, Québec, G1J 1Z4, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Tamao Tsutsumi
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Maxime Picard-Deland
- Laval University Experimental Organogenesis Research Center/LOEX, Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center, Enfant-Jésus Hospital, 1401, 18e rue, Québec, G1J 1Z4, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-François Morin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Robert Gauvin
- Laval University Experimental Organogenesis Research Center/LOEX, Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center, Enfant-Jésus Hospital, 1401, 18e rue, Québec, G1J 1Z4, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Ashraf A Ismail
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - François A Auger
- Laval University Experimental Organogenesis Research Center/LOEX, Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center, Enfant-Jésus Hospital, 1401, 18e rue, Québec, G1J 1Z4, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - François Gros-Louis
- Laval University Experimental Organogenesis Research Center/LOEX, Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center, Enfant-Jésus Hospital, 1401, 18e rue, Québec, G1J 1Z4, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
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16
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Nguyen TU, Shojaee M, Bashur CA, Kishore V. Electrochemical fabrication of a biomimetic elastin-containing bi-layered scaffold for vascular tissue engineering. Biofabrication 2018; 11:015007. [PMID: 30411718 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aaeab0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Biomimetic tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) have immense potential to replace diseased small-diameter arteries (<4 mm) for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, biomimetic approaches developed thus far only partially recapitulate the physicochemical properties of the native vessel. While it is feasible to fabricate scaffolds that are compositionally similar to native vessels (collagen and insoluble elastic matrix) using freeze-drying, these scaffolds do not mimic the aligned topography of collagen and elastic fibers found in native vessels. Extrusion-based scaffolds exhibit anisotropic collagen orientation but these scaffolds are compositionally dissimilar (cannot incorporate insoluble elastic matrix). In this study, an electrochemical fabrication technique was employed to develop a biomimetic elastin-containing bi-layered collagen scaffold which is compositionally and structurally similar to native vessels and the effect of insoluble elastin incorporation on scaffold mechanics and smooth muscle cell (SMC) response was investigated. Further, the functionality of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) on the scaffold lumen surface was assessed via immunofluorescence. Results showed that incorporation of insoluble elastin maintained the overall collagen alignment within electrochemically aligned collagen (ELAC) fibers and this underlying aligned topography can direct cellular orientation. Ring test results showed that circumferential orientation of ELAC fibers significantly improved scaffold mechanics. Real-time PCR revealed that the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (Acta2) and myosin heavy chain (MyhII) was significantly higher on elastin containing scaffolds suggesting that the presence of insoluble elastin can promote contractility in SMCs. Further, mechanical properties of the scaffolds significantly improved post-culture indicating the presence of a mature cell-synthesized and remodeled matrix. Finally, HUVECs expressed functional markers on collagen lumen scaffolds. In conclusion, electrochemical fabrication is a viable method for the generation of a functional biomimetic TEVG with the potential to be used in bypass surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy-Uyen Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, United States of America
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17
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Camasão DB, Pezzoli D, Loy C, Kumra H, Levesque L, Reinhardt DP, Candiani G, Mantovani D. Increasing Cell Seeding Density Improves Elastin Expression and Mechanical Properties in Collagen Gel-Based Scaffolds Cellularized with Smooth Muscle Cells. Biotechnol J 2018; 14:e1700768. [PMID: 29802760 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Vascular tissue engineering combines cells with scaffold materials in vitro aiming the development of physiologically relevant vascular models. For natural scaffolds such as collagen gels, where cells can be mixed with the material solution before gelation, cell seeding density is a key parameter that can affect extracellular matrix deposition and remodeling. Nonetheless, this parameter is often overlooked and densities sensitively lower than those of native tissues, are usually employed. Herein, the effect of seeding density on the maturation of tubular collagen gel-based scaffolds cellularized with smooth muscle cells is investigated. The compaction, the expression, and deposition of key vascular proteins and the resulting mechanical properties of the constructs are evaluated up to 1 week of maturation. Results show that increasing cell seeding density accelerates cell-mediated gel compaction, enhances elastin expression (more than sevenfold increase at the highest density, Day 7) and finally improves the overall mechanical properties of constructs. Of note, the tensile equilibrium elastic modulus, evaluated by stress-relaxation tests, reach values comparable to native arteries for the highest cell density, after a 7-day maturation. Altogether, these results show that higher cell seeding densities promote the rapid maturation of collagen gel-based vascular constructs toward structural and mechanical properties better mimicking native arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitria B Camasão
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Canada Research Chair I in Biomaterials and Bioengineering for the Innovation in Surgery, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering, Research Center of CHU de Québec, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Daniele Pezzoli
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Canada Research Chair I in Biomaterials and Bioengineering for the Innovation in Surgery, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering, Research Center of CHU de Québec, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Caroline Loy
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Canada Research Chair I in Biomaterials and Bioengineering for the Innovation in Surgery, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering, Research Center of CHU de Québec, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Heena Kumra
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada.,Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Lucie Levesque
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Canada Research Chair I in Biomaterials and Bioengineering for the Innovation in Surgery, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering, Research Center of CHU de Québec, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Dieter P Reinhardt
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada.,Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Gabriele Candiani
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan 20131, Italy.,The Protein Factory Research Center, Politecnico di Milano and University of Insubria, Milan 20131, Italy
| | - Diego Mantovani
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Canada Research Chair I in Biomaterials and Bioengineering for the Innovation in Surgery, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering, Research Center of CHU de Québec, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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18
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Poly-L-lactic Acid (PLLA)-Chitosan-Collagen Electrospun Tube for Vascular Graft Application. J Funct Biomater 2018; 9:jfb9020032. [PMID: 29710843 PMCID: PMC6023529 DOI: 10.3390/jfb9020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly-L-Lactic acid (PLLA) blended with chitosan and collagen was used to fabricate a conduit for blood vessel engineering through an electrospinning process. Various concentrations of chitosan were used in the blend in order to study its effect on the morphology, chemical bond, tensile strength, burst pressure, hemocompatibility, and cell viability (cytotoxicity) of the tube.In vitro assessments indicated that addition of chitosan-collagen could improve cell viability and hemocompatibility. Best results were demonstrated by the conduit with 10% PLLA, 0.5% chitosan, and 1% collagen. Tensile strength reached 2.13 MPa and burst pressure reached 2593 mmHg, both values that are within the range value of native blood vessel. A hemolysis percentage of 1.04% and a cell viability of 86.2% were obtained, meeting the standards of high hemocompatibility and low cytotoxicity for vascular graft material. The results are promising for further development toward vascular graft application.
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19
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Engineering Tissues without the Use of a Synthetic Scaffold: A Twenty-Year History of the Self-Assembly Method. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:5684679. [PMID: 29707571 PMCID: PMC5863296 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5684679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Twenty years ago, Dr. François A. Auger, the founder of the Laboratory of Experimental Organogenesis (LOEX), introduced the self-assembly technique. This innovative technique relies on the ability of dermal fibroblasts to produce and assemble their own extracellular matrix, differing from all other tissue-engineering techniques that use preformed synthetic scaffolds. Nevertheless, the use of the self-assembly technique was limited for a long time due to its main drawbacks: time and cost. Recent scientific breakthroughs have addressed these limitations. New protocol modifications that aim at increasing the rate of extracellular matrix formation have been proposed to reduce the production costs and laboratory handling time of engineered tissues. Moreover, the introduction of vascularization strategies in vitro permits the formation of capillary-like networks within reconstructed tissues. These optimization strategies enable the large-scale production of inexpensive native-like substitutes using the self-assembly technique. These substitutes can be used to reconstruct three-dimensional models free of exogenous materials for clinical and fundamental applications.
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20
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Seifu DG, Meghezi S, Unsworth L, Mequanint K, Mantovani D. Viscoelastic properties of multi-layered cellularized vascular tissues fabricated from collagen gel. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 80:155-163. [PMID: 29427931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Since collagen is one of the major extracellular matrix components in vascular tissues, its use for vascular tissue engineering has several advantages. However, collagen extraction and processing for tissue engineering application alters its structure. As a result, collagen-based vascular constructs show poor mechanical properties compared to native tissues. In this work, multi-layer (single, double, and triple) vascular tissue constructs were engineered from porcine smooth muscle cells (PSMCs) entrapped in collagen gel by concentrically and sequentially layering after compaction of the previous layer(s). The engineered tissues were matured for either 14 or 21 days to allow the collagen gel to remodel before viscoelasticity, compliance, histological, and protein expression studies were conducted. While there was no significant difference upon addition of the different layers on the elastic modulus (p > .05), the viscous modulus of the single layer construct was significantly lower than the double and triple layer constructs (p < .05). Increasing the number of layers of the cellularized collagen construct increased the wall thickness and the viscous modulus of the construct. Furthermore, the cellularized single-layer construct had a relatively high compliance, but the double and triple layer constructs had compliance values comparable to both engineered vessels and native vessels. PSMCs were uniformly distributed throughout the cross-section and expressed the anticipated marker proteins smooth muscle-α actin, calponin, and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain. Taken together, this study demonstrated the viscoelastic responsiveness of multi-layer collagen-gel based vascular tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawit G Seifu
- Dept. of Min-Met-Materials Engineering & CHU de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Sébastien Meghezi
- Dept. of Min-Met-Materials Engineering & CHU de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Larry Unsworth
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Kibret Mequanint
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Diego Mantovani
- Dept. of Min-Met-Materials Engineering & CHU de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada.
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21
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Malischewski A, Moreira R, Hurtado L, Gesché V, Schmitz-Rode T, Jockenhoevel S, Mela P. Umbilical cord as human cell source for mitral valve tissue engineering - venous vs. arterial cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 62:457-466. [PMID: 28453437 DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2016-0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Around 2% of the population in developed nations are affected by mitral valve disease and available valvular replacements are not designed for the atrioventricular position. Recently our group developed the first tissue-engineered heart valve (TEHV) specifically designed for the mitral position - the TexMi valve. The valve recapitulates the main components of the native valve, i.e. annulus, asymmetric leaflets and the crucial chordae tendineae. In the present study, we evaluated the human umbilical cord as a clinically applicable cell source for the TexMi valve. Valves produced with cells isolated from human umbilical cord veins (HUVs) and human umbilical cord arteries (HUAs) were conditioned for 21 days in custom-made bioreactors and evaluated in terms of extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and mechanical properties. In addition, static cell-laden fibrin discs were molded to investigate cell-mediated tissue contraction and differences in ECM production. HUA and HUV cells were able to deliver functional valves with a rich ECM composed mainly of collagen. Particularly noteworthy was the synthesis of elastin, which has been observed rarely in TEHV. The elastin synthesis was significantly higher in TexMi valves produced with HUV cells and therefore the HUV is considered to be the preferred cell source.
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22
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A Dual-Mode Bioreactor System for Tissue Engineered Vascular Models. Ann Biomed Eng 2017; 45:1496-1510. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-017-1813-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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23
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Zhang Y, Yu Y, Akkouch A, Dababneh A, Dolati F, Ozbolat IT. In Vitro Study of Directly Bioprinted Perfusable Vasculature Conduits. Biomater Sci 2016; 3:134-43. [PMID: 25574378 DOI: 10.1039/c4bm00234b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The ability to create three dimensional (3D) thick tissues is still a major tissue engineering challenge. It requires the development of a suitable vascular supply for an efficient media exchange. An integrated vasculature network is particularly needed when building thick functional tissues and/or organs with high metabolic activities, such as the heart, liver and pancreas. In this work, human umbilical vein smooth muscle cells (HUVSMCs) were encapsulated in sodium alginate and printed in the form of vasculature conduits using a coaxial deposition system. Detailed investigations were performed to understand the dehydration, swelling and degradation characteristics of printed conduits. In addition, because perfusional, permeable and mechanical properties are unique characteristics of natural blood vessels, for printed conduits these properties were also explored in this work. The results show that cells encapsulated in conduits had good proliferation activities and that their viability increased during prolonged in vitro culture. Deposition of smooth muscle matrix and collagen was observed around the peripheral and luminal surface in long-term cultured cellular vascular conduit through histology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, U.S ; Biomanufacturing Laboratory, 139 Engineering Research Facility, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, U.S
| | - Yin Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, U.S ; Biomanufacturing Laboratory, 139 Engineering Research Facility, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, U.S
| | - Adil Akkouch
- Biomanufacturing Laboratory, 139 Engineering Research Facility, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, U.S
| | - Amer Dababneh
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, U.S ; Biomanufacturing Laboratory, 139 Engineering Research Facility, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, U.S
| | - Farzaneh Dolati
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, U.S ; Biomanufacturing Laboratory, 139 Engineering Research Facility, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, U.S
| | - Ibrahim T Ozbolat
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, U.S ; Biomanufacturing Laboratory, 139 Engineering Research Facility, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, U.S
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24
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In Vivo Remodeling of Fibroblast-Derived Vascular Scaffolds Implanted for 6 Months in Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:3762484. [PMID: 27999795 PMCID: PMC5143784 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3762484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
There is a clinical need for tissue-engineered small-diameter (<6 mm) vascular grafts since clinical applications are halted by the limited suitability of autologous or synthetic grafts. This study uses the self-assembly approach to produce a fibroblast-derived decellularized vascular scaffold (FDVS) that can be available off-the-shelf. Briefly, extracellular matrix scaffolds were produced using human dermal fibroblasts sheets rolled around a mandrel, maintained in culture to allow for the formation of cohesive and three-dimensional tubular constructs, and decellularized by immersion in deionized water. The FDVSs were implanted as an aortic interpositional graft in six Sprague-Dawley rats for 6 months. Five out of the six implants were still patent 6 months after the surgery. Histological analysis showed the infiltration of cells on both abluminal and luminal sides, and immunofluorescence analysis suggested the formation of neomedia comprised of smooth muscle cells and lined underneath with an endothelium. Furthermore, to verify the feasibility of producing tissue-engineered blood vessels of clinically relevant length and diameter, scaffolds with a 4.6 mm inner diameter and 17 cm in length were fabricated with success and stored for an extended period of time, while maintaining suitable properties following the storage period. This novel demonstration of the potential of the FDVS could accelerate the clinical availability of tissue-engineered blood vessels and warrants further preclinical studies.
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25
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Rothuizen TC, Kemp R, Duijs JM, de Boer HC, Bijkerk R, van der Veer EP, Moroni L, van Zonneveld AJ, Weiss AS, Rabelink TJ, Rotmans JI. Promoting Tropoelastin Expression in Arterial and Venous Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Fibroblasts for Vascular Tissue Engineering. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2016; 22:923-931. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2016.0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tonia C. Rothuizen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Raymond Kemp
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques M.G.J. Duijs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hetty C. de Boer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Roel Bijkerk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eric P. van der Veer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Complex Tissue Regeneration, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Anton Jan van Zonneveld
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anthony S. Weiss
- School of Molecular Bioscience, Charles Perkins Centre, Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ton J. Rabelink
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joris I. Rotmans
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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26
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Liberski A, Ayad N, Wojciechowska D, Zielińska D, Struszczyk MH, Latif N, Yacoub M. Knitting for heart valve tissue engineering. Glob Cardiol Sci Pract 2016; 2016:e201631. [PMID: 29043276 PMCID: PMC5642840 DOI: 10.21542/gcsp.2016.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Knitting is a versatile technology which offers a large portfolio of products and solutions of interest in heart valve (HV) tissue engineering (TE). One of the main advantages of knitting is its ability to construct complex shapes and structures by precisely assembling the yarns in the desired position. With this in mind, knitting could be employed to construct a HV scaffold that closely resembles the authentic valve. This has the potential to reproduce the anisotropic structure that is characteristic of the heart valve with the yarns, in particular the 3-layered architecture of the leaflets. These yarns can provide oriented growth of cells lengthwise and consequently enable the deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in an oriented manner. This technique, therefore, has a potential to provide a functional knitted scaffold, but to achieve that textile engineers need to gain a basic understanding of structural and mechanical aspects of the heart valve and in addition, tissue engineers must acquire the knowledge of tools and capacities that are essential in knitting technology. The aim of this review is to provide a platform to consolidate these two fields as well as to enable an efficient communication and cooperation among these two research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Liberski
- Sidra Medical and Research Center, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nadia Ayad
- Mechanical Engineering and Material Science Department, Military Institute of Engineering (IME), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Dorota Wojciechowska
- Lodz University of Technology, Faculty of Material Technologies and Textile Design, Department of Material and Commodity Sciences and Textile Metrology, ul. Zeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Dorota Zielińska
- Institute of Security Technologies "Moratex" 3 M, Skłodowskiej-Curie Street 90-505 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin H Struszczyk
- Institute of Security Technologies "Moratex" 3 M, Skłodowskiej-Curie Street 90-505 Lodz, Poland
| | - Najma Latif
- Imperial College of Science and Technology, London, UK
| | - Magdi Yacoub
- Sidra Medical and Research Center, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
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27
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Heath DE, Kang GCW, Cao Y, Poon YF, Chan V, Chan-Park MB. Biomaterials patterned with discontinuous microwalls for vascular smooth muscle cell culture: biodegradable small diameter vascular grafts and stable cell culture substrates. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2016; 27:1477-94. [PMID: 27444318 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2016.1213217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The medial layer of small diameter blood vessels contains circumferentially aligned vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMC) that possess contractile phenotype. In tissue-engineered constructs, these cellular characteristics are usually achieved by seeding planar scaffolds with vSMC, rolling the cell-laden scaffold into a tubular structure, and maturing the construct in a pulsatile bioreactor, a lengthy process that can take up to two months. During the maturation phase, the cells circumferentially orient, their contractile protein expression increases, and they obtain a contractile phenotype. Generating cell culture platforms that enable the rapid production of directionally oriented vSMC with increased contractile protein expression would be a major step forward for blood vessel tissue engineering and would greatly facilitate the in vitro study of vSMC biology. Previously, we developed a micropatterned cell culture surface that promotes orientation and contractile protein expression of vSMC. Herein, we explore two potential applications of this technology. First, we fabricate tubular and biodegradable scaffolds that possess the micropatterning on their exterior surface. When vSMC are seeded on these scaffolds, they initially proliferate in order to fill the microchannels and as confluence is reached the cells align in the direction of the micropatterning resulting in a biodegradable scaffold that is inhabited by circumferentially aligned vSMC within a week. Second, we illustrate that we can generate biostable cell culture surfaces that allow the in vitro study of the cells in a more contractile state. Specifically, we explore contractile protein expression of cells cultured on the micropatterned surfaces with the addition of soluble transforming growth factor beta one (TGFβ1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Heath
- a Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
| | - Gavin C W Kang
- b School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore
| | - Ye Cao
- b School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore
| | - Yin Fun Poon
- b School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore
| | - Vincent Chan
- b School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore
| | - Mary B Chan-Park
- b School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore
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Composite vascular scaffold combining electrospun fibers and physically-crosslinked hydrogel with copper wire-induced grooves structure. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 61:12-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Bourget JM, Laterreur V, Gauvin R, Guillemette MD, Miville-Godin C, Mounier M, Tondreau MY, Tremblay C, Labbé R, Ruel J, Auger FA, Veres T, Germain L. Microstructured human fibroblast-derived extracellular matrix scaffold for vascular media fabrication. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 11:2479-2489. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Bourget
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX; FRQS CHU de Quebec Research Centre; Quebec Canada
- Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine; Université Laval; Québec Canada
- Life Sciences Division; National Research Council (NRC) of Canada; Boucherville Canada
| | - Véronique Laterreur
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX; FRQS CHU de Quebec Research Centre; Quebec Canada
- Département de Génie Mécanique; Université Laval; Québec Canada
| | - Robert Gauvin
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX; FRQS CHU de Quebec Research Centre; Quebec Canada
- Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine; Université Laval; Québec Canada
| | - Maxime D. Guillemette
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX; FRQS CHU de Quebec Research Centre; Quebec Canada
- Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine; Université Laval; Québec Canada
| | | | - Maxence Mounier
- Life Sciences Division; National Research Council (NRC) of Canada; Boucherville Canada
| | - Maxime Y. Tondreau
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX; FRQS CHU de Quebec Research Centre; Quebec Canada
- Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine; Université Laval; Québec Canada
| | - Catherine Tremblay
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX; FRQS CHU de Quebec Research Centre; Quebec Canada
- Département de Génie Mécanique; Université Laval; Québec Canada
| | - Raymond Labbé
- Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine; Université Laval; Québec Canada
- Service de Chirurgie Vasculaire; CHU de Québec; Québec Canada
| | - Jean Ruel
- Département de Génie Mécanique; Université Laval; Québec Canada
| | - François A. Auger
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX; FRQS CHU de Quebec Research Centre; Quebec Canada
- Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine; Université Laval; Québec Canada
| | - Teodor Veres
- Life Sciences Division; National Research Council (NRC) of Canada; Boucherville Canada
| | - Lucie Germain
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX; FRQS CHU de Quebec Research Centre; Quebec Canada
- Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine; Université Laval; Québec Canada
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Erndt-Marino JD, Becerra-Bayona S, McMahon RE, Goldstein AS, Hahn MS. Cell layer-electrospun mesh composites for coronary artery bypass grafts. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:2200-9. [PMID: 27101019 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This work investigates the potential of cell layer-electrospun mesh constructs as coronary artery bypass grafts. These cell-mesh constructs were generated by first culturing a confluent layer of 10T½ smooth muscle progenitor cells on a high strength electrospun mesh with uniaxially aligned fibers. Cell-laden mesh sheets were then wrapped around a cylindrical mandrel such that the mesh fibers were aligned circumferentially. The resulting multi-layered constructs were then cultured for 4 wks in media supplemented with TGF-β1 and ascorbic acid to support 10T½ differentiation toward a smooth muscle cell-like fate as well as to support elastin and collagen production. The underlying hypothesis of this work was that extracellular matrix (ECM) deposited by the cell layers would act as an adhesive agent between the individual mesh layers, providing strength to the construct as well as a source for structural elasticity at low strains. In addition, the structural anisotropy of the mesh would inherently guide desired circumferential cell and ECM alignment. Results demonstrate that the cell-mesh constructs exhibited a J-shaped circumferential stress-strain response similar to that of native coronary artery, while also displaying acceptable tensile strength. Furthermore, associated 10T½ cells and deposited collagen fibers showed a high degree of circumferential alignment. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2200-2209, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh D Erndt-Marino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, 12180
| | - Silvia Becerra-Bayona
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, 12180
| | - Rebecca E McMahon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843
| | - Aaron S Goldstein
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061
| | - Mariah S Hahn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, 12180
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Choi WS, Joung YK, Lee Y, Bae JW, Park HK, Park YH, Park JC, Park KD. Enhanced Patency and Endothelialization of Small-Caliber Vascular Grafts Fabricated by Coimmobilization of Heparin and Cell-Adhesive Peptides. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:4336-4346. [PMID: 26824876 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The clinical utility of a small-caliber vascular graft is still limited, owing to the occlusion of graft by thrombosis and restenosis. A small-caliber vascular graft (diameter, 2.5 mm) fabricated by electrospinning with a polyurethane (PU) elastomer (Pellethane) and biofunctionalized with heparin and two cell-adhesive peptides, GRGDS and YIGSR, was developed for the purpose of preventing the thrombosis and restenosis through antithrombogenic activities and endothelialization. The vascular grafts showed slightly reduced adhesion of platelets and significantly decreased adsorption of fibrinogen. In vitro studies demonstrated that peptide treatment on a vascular graft enhanced the attachment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and the presence of heparin and peptides on the graft significantly increased the proliferation of HUVECs. In vivo implantation of heparin/peptides coimmobilized graft (PU-PEG-Hep/G+Y) and PU (control) grafts was performed using an abdominal aorta rabbit model for 60 days followed by angiographic monitoring and explanting for histological analyses. The patency was significantly higher for the modified PU grafts (71.4%) compared to the PU grafts (46.2%) at 9 weeks after implantation. The nontreated PU grafts showed higher levels of α-SMA expression compared to the modified grafts, and for both samples, the proximal and distal regions expressed higher levels compared to the middle region of the grafts. Moreover, immobilization of heparin and peptides and adequate porous structure were found to play important roles in endothelialization and cellular infiltration. Our results strongly encourage that the development of small-caliber vascular grafts is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Sup Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University , Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ki Joung
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunki Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University , Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Bae
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University , Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Ki Dong Park
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University , Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
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Potential of Newborn and Adult Stem Cells for the Production of Vascular Constructs Using the Living Tissue Sheet Approach. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:168294. [PMID: 26504783 PMCID: PMC4609342 DOI: 10.1155/2015/168294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bypass surgeries using native vessels rely on the availability of autologous veins and arteries. An alternative to those vessels could be tissue-engineered vascular constructs made by self-organized tissue sheets. This paper intends to evaluate the potential use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from two different sources: (1) bone marrow-derived MSCs and (2) umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs. When cultured in vitro, a proportion of those cells differentiated into smooth muscle cell- (SMC-) like cells and expressed contraction associated proteins. Moreover, these cells assembled into manipulable tissue sheets when cultured in presence of ascorbic acid. Tubular vessels were then produced by rolling those tissue sheets on a mandrel. The architecture, contractility, and mechanical resistance of reconstructed vessels were compared with tissue-engineered media and adventitia produced from SMCs and dermal fibroblasts, respectively. Histology revealed a collagenous extracellular matrix and the contractile responses measured for these vessels were stronger than dermal fibroblasts derived constructs although weaker than SMCs-derived constructs. The burst pressure of bone marrow-derived vessels was higher than SMCs-derived ones. These results reinforce the versatility of the self-organization approach since they demonstrate that it is possible to recapitulate a contractile media layer from MSCs without the need of exogenous scaffolding material.
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Catto V, Farè S, Cattaneo I, Figliuzzi M, Alessandrino A, Freddi G, Remuzzi A, Tanzi MC. Small diameter electrospun silk fibroin vascular grafts: Mechanical properties, in vitro biodegradability, and in vivo biocompatibility. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 54:101-11. [PMID: 26046273 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To overcome the drawbacks of autologous grafts currently used in clinical practice, vascular tissue engineering represents an alternative approach for the replacement of small diameter blood vessels. In the present work, the production and characterization of small diameter tubular matrices (inner diameter (ID)=4.5 and 1.5 mm), obtained by electrospinning (ES) of Bombyx mori silk fibroin (SF), have been considered. ES-SF tubular scaffolds with ID=1.5 mm are original, and can be used as vascular grafts in pediatrics or in hand microsurgery. Axial and circumferential tensile tests on ES-SF tubes showed appropriate properties for the specific application. The burst pressure and the compliance of ES-SF tubes were estimated using the Laplace's law. Specifically, the estimated burst pressure was higher than the physiological pressures and the estimated compliance was similar or higher than that of native rat aorta and Goretex® prosthesis. Enzymatic in vitro degradation tests demonstrated a decrease of order and crystallinity of the SF outer surface as a consequence of the enzyme activity. The in vitro cytocompatibility of the ES-SF tubes was confirmed by the adhesion and growth of primary porcine smooth muscle cells. The in vivo subcutaneous implant into the rat dorsal tissue indicated that ES-SF matrices caused a mild host reaction. Thus, the results of this investigation, in which comprehensive morphological and mechanical aspects, in vitro degradation and in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility were considered, indicate the potential suitability of these ES-SF tubular matrices as scaffolds for the regeneration of small diameter blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Catto
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. Da Vinci 32, Milano, Italy; Local Unit Politecnico di Milano, INSTM, Italy
| | - Silvia Farè
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. Da Vinci 32, Milano, Italy; Local Unit Politecnico di Milano, INSTM, Italy.
| | - Irene Cattaneo
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Bioengineering Department, via Stezzano 87, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Marina Figliuzzi
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Bioengineering Department, via Stezzano 87, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Antonio Alessandrino
- INNOVHUB - SSI, Div. Stazione Sperimentale per la Seta, via G. Colombo 83, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuliano Freddi
- INNOVHUB - SSI, Div. Stazione Sperimentale per la Seta, via G. Colombo 83, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Remuzzi
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Bioengineering Department, via Stezzano 87, Bergamo, Italy; Università di Bergamo, Industrial Engineering Department, Via Marconi 5, Dalmine, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Tanzi
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. Da Vinci 32, Milano, Italy; Local Unit Politecnico di Milano, INSTM, Italy
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Tondreau MY, Laterreur V, Gauvin R, Vallières K, Bourget JM, Lacroix D, Tremblay C, Germain L, Ruel J, Auger FA. Mechanical properties of endothelialized fibroblast-derived vascular scaffolds stimulated in a bioreactor. Acta Biomater 2015; 18:176-85. [PMID: 25749291 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
There is an ongoing clinical need for tissue-engineered small-diameter (<6mm) vascular grafts since clinical applications are restricted by the limited availability of autologous living grafts or the lack of suitability of synthetic grafts. The present study uses our self-assembly approach to produce a fibroblast-derived decellularized vascular scaffold that can then be available off-the-shelf. Briefly, scaffolds were produced using human dermal fibroblasts sheets rolled around a mandrel, maintained in culture to allow for the formation of cohesive and three-dimensional tubular constructs, and then decellularized by immersion in deionized water. Constructs were then endothelialized and perfused for 1week in an appropriate bioreactor. Mechanical testing results showed that the decellularization process did not influence the resistance of the tissue and an increase in ultimate tensile strength was observed following the perfusion of the construct in the bioreactor. These fibroblast-derived vascular scaffolds could be stored and later used to deliver readily implantable grafts within 4weeks including an autologous endothelial cell isolation and seeding process. This technology could greatly accelerate the clinical availability of tissue-engineered blood vessels.
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Moreira R, Gesche VN, Hurtado-Aguilar LG, Schmitz-Rode T, Frese J, Jockenhoevel S, Mela P. TexMi: development of tissue-engineered textile-reinforced mitral valve prosthesis. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2014; 20:741-8. [PMID: 24665896 PMCID: PMC4152780 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2013.0426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitral valve regurgitation together with aortic stenosis is the most common valvular heart disease in Europe and North America. Mechanical and biological prostheses available for mitral valve replacement have significant limitations such as the need of a long-term anticoagulation therapy and failure by calcifications. Both types are unable to remodel, self-repair, and adapt to the changing hemodynamic conditions. Moreover, they are mostly designed for the aortic position and do not reproduce the native annular-ventricular continuity, resulting in suboptimal hemodynamics, limited durability, and gradually decreasing ventricular pumping efficiency. A tissue-engineered heart valve specifically designed for the mitral position has the potential to overcome the limitations of the commercially available substitutes. For this purpose, we developed the TexMi, a living textile-reinforced mitral valve, which recapitulates the key elements of the native one: annulus, asymmetric leaflets (anterior and posterior), and chordae tendineae to maintain the native annular-ventricular continuity. The tissue-engineered valve is based on a composite scaffold consisting of the fibrin gel as a cell carrier and a textile tubular structure with the twofold task of defining the gross three-dimensional (3D) geometry of the valve and conferring mechanical stability. The TexMi valves were molded with ovine umbilical vein cells and stimulated under dynamic conditions for 21 days in a custom-made bioreactor. Histological and immunohistological stainings showed remarkable tissue development with abundant aligned collagen fibers and elastin deposition. No cell-mediated tissue contraction occurred. This study presents the proof-of-principle for the realization of a tissue-engineered mitral valve with a simple and reliable injection molding process readily adaptable to the patient's anatomy and pathological situation by producing a patient-specific rapid prototyped mold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Moreira
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Textile Implants, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Luis G. Hurtado-Aguilar
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Textile Implants, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmitz-Rode
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Textile Implants, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Julia Frese
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Textile Implants, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Jockenhoevel
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Textile Implants, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institut für Textiltechnik, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Petra Mela
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Textile Implants, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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van Geemen D, Smeets MWJ, van Stalborch AMD, Woerdeman LAE, Daemen MJAP, Hordijk PL, Huveneers S. F-actin-anchored focal adhesions distinguish endothelial phenotypes of human arteries and veins. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:2059-67. [PMID: 25012130 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular endothelial-cadherin- and integrin-based cell adhesions are crucial for endothelial barrier function. Formation and disassembly of these adhesions controls endothelial remodeling during vascular repair, angiogenesis, and inflammation. In vitro studies indicate that vascular cytokines control adhesion through regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, but it remains unknown whether such regulation occurs in human vessels. We aimed to investigate regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and cell adhesions within the endothelium of human arteries and veins. APPROACH AND RESULTS We used an ex vivo protocol for immunofluorescence in human vessels, allowing detailed en face microscopy of endothelial monolayers. We compared arteries and veins of the umbilical cord and mesenteric, epigastric, and breast tissues and find that the presence of central F-actin fibers distinguishes the endothelial phenotype of adult arteries from veins. F-actin in endothelium of adult veins as well as in umbilical vasculature predominantly localizes cortically at the cell boundaries. By contrast, prominent endothelial F-actin fibers in adult arteries anchor mostly to focal adhesions containing integrin-binding proteins paxillin and focal adhesion kinase and follow the orientation of the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin. Other arterial F-actin fibers end in vascular endothelial-cadherin-based endothelial focal adherens junctions. In vitro adhesion experiments on compliant substrates demonstrate that formation of focal adhesions is strongly induced by extracellular matrix rigidity, irrespective of arterial or venous origin of endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that F-actin-anchored focal adhesions distinguish endothelial phenotypes of human arteries from veins. We conclude that the biomechanical properties of the vascular extracellular matrix determine this endothelial characteristic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne van Geemen
- From the Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (D.v.G., M.W.J.S., A.-M.D.v.S., P.L.H., S.H.); Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (L.A.E.W.); and Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.J.A.P.D.)
| | - Michel W J Smeets
- From the Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (D.v.G., M.W.J.S., A.-M.D.v.S., P.L.H., S.H.); Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (L.A.E.W.); and Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.J.A.P.D.)
| | - Anne-Marieke D van Stalborch
- From the Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (D.v.G., M.W.J.S., A.-M.D.v.S., P.L.H., S.H.); Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (L.A.E.W.); and Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.J.A.P.D.)
| | - Leonie A E Woerdeman
- From the Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (D.v.G., M.W.J.S., A.-M.D.v.S., P.L.H., S.H.); Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (L.A.E.W.); and Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.J.A.P.D.)
| | - Mat J A P Daemen
- From the Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (D.v.G., M.W.J.S., A.-M.D.v.S., P.L.H., S.H.); Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (L.A.E.W.); and Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.J.A.P.D.)
| | - Peter L Hordijk
- From the Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (D.v.G., M.W.J.S., A.-M.D.v.S., P.L.H., S.H.); Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (L.A.E.W.); and Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.J.A.P.D.)
| | - Stephan Huveneers
- From the Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (D.v.G., M.W.J.S., A.-M.D.v.S., P.L.H., S.H.); Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (L.A.E.W.); and Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.J.A.P.D.).
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Hayward CJ, Fradette J, Morissette Martin P, Guignard R, Germain L, Auger FA. Using human umbilical cord cells for tissue engineering: a comparison with skin cells. Differentiation 2014; 87:172-81. [PMID: 24930038 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial cells and Wharton׳s jelly cells (WJC) from the human umbilical cord have yet to be extensively studied in respect to their capacity to generate tissue-engineered substitutes for clinical applications. Our reconstruction strategy, based on the self-assembly approach of tissue engineering, allows the production of various types of living human tissues such as skin and cornea from a wide range of cell types originating from post-natal tissue sources. Here we placed epithelial cells and WJC from the umbilical cord in the context of a reconstructed skin substitute in combination with skin keratinocytes and fibroblasts. We compared the ability of the epithelial cells from both sources to generate a stratified, differentiated skin-like epithelium upon exposure to air when cultured on the two stromal cell types. Conversely, the ability of the WJC to behave as dermal fibroblasts, producing extracellular matrix and supporting the formation of a differentiated epithelium for both types of epithelial cells, was also investigated. Of the four types of constructs produced, the combination of WJC and keratinocytes was the most similar to skin engineered from dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes. When cultured on dermal fibroblasts, the cord epithelial cells were able to differentiate in vitro into a stratified multilayered epithelium expressing molecules characteristic of keratinocyte differentiation after exposure to air, and maintaining the expression of keratins K18 and K19, typical of the umbilical cord epithelium. WJC were able to support the growth and differentiation of keratinocytes, especially at the early stages of air-liquid culture. In contrast, cord epithelial cells cultured on WJC did not form a differentiated epidermis when exposed to air. These results support the premise that the tissue from which cells originate can largely affect the properties and homoeostasis of reconstructed substitutes featuring both epithelial and stromal compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy J Hayward
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Aile-R, Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, 1401, 18e Rue, Québec, QC, Canada G1J 1Z4; Axe Médecine Régénératrice-Centre de recherche FRQS du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada; Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
| | - Julie Fradette
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Aile-R, Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, 1401, 18e Rue, Québec, QC, Canada G1J 1Z4; Axe Médecine Régénératrice-Centre de recherche FRQS du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada; Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
| | - Pascal Morissette Martin
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Aile-R, Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, 1401, 18e Rue, Québec, QC, Canada G1J 1Z4; Axe Médecine Régénératrice-Centre de recherche FRQS du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada; Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
| | - Rina Guignard
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Aile-R, Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, 1401, 18e Rue, Québec, QC, Canada G1J 1Z4; Axe Médecine Régénératrice-Centre de recherche FRQS du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada.
| | - Lucie Germain
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Aile-R, Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, 1401, 18e Rue, Québec, QC, Canada G1J 1Z4; Axe Médecine Régénératrice-Centre de recherche FRQS du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada; Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
| | - François A Auger
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Aile-R, Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, 1401, 18e Rue, Québec, QC, Canada G1J 1Z4; Axe Médecine Régénératrice-Centre de recherche FRQS du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada; Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
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Zhang Y, Yu Y, Dolati F, Ozbolat IT. Effect of multiwall carbon nanotube reinforcement on coaxially extruded cellular vascular conduits. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 39:126-33. [PMID: 24863208 PMCID: PMC4281169 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Due to its abundant source, good biocompatibility, low price and mild crosslinking process, alginate is an ideal selection for tissue engineering applications. In this work, alginate vascular conduits were fabricated through a coaxial extrusion-based system. However, due to the inherent weak mechanical properties of alginate, the vascular conduits are not capable of biomimicking natural vascular system. In this paper, multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were used to reinforce vascular conduits. Mechanical, dehydration, swelling and degradation tests were performed to understand influences of MWCNT reinforcement. The unique mechanical properties together with perfusion and diffusional capability are two important factors to mimic the nature. Thus, perfusion experiments were also conducted to explore the MWCNT reinforcement effect. In addition, cell viability and tissue histology were conducted to evaluate the biological performance of conduits both in short and long term for MWCNT reinforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Biomanufacturing Laboratory, Center for Computer-Aided Design, The University of Iowa, 139 Engineering Research Facility, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Yin Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Biomanufacturing Laboratory, Center for Computer-Aided Design, The University of Iowa, 139 Engineering Research Facility, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Farzaneh Dolati
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Biomanufacturing Laboratory, Center for Computer-Aided Design, The University of Iowa, 139 Engineering Research Facility, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Ibrahim T Ozbolat
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Biomanufacturing Laboratory, Center for Computer-Aided Design, The University of Iowa, 139 Engineering Research Facility, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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Vascular Tissue Engineering: Recent Advances in Small Diameter Blood Vessel Regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/923030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality around the globe. The development of a functional and appropriate substitute for small diameter blood vessel replacement is still a challenge to overcome the main drawbacks of autografts and the inadequate performances of synthetic prostheses made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET, Dacron) and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE, Goretex). Therefore, vascular tissue engineering has become a promising approach for small diameter blood vessel regeneration as demonstrated by the increasing interest dedicated to this field. This review is focused on the most relevant and recent studies concerning vascular tissue engineering for small diameter blood vessel applications. Specifically, the present work reviews research on the development of tissue-engineered vascular grafts made of decellularized matrices and natural and/or biodegradable synthetic polymers and their realization without scaffold.
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Massai D, Cerino G, Gallo D, Pennella F, Deriu M, Rodriguez A, Montevecchi F, Bignardi C, Audenino A, Morbiducci U. Bioreactors as Engineering Support to Treat Cardiac Muscle and Vascular Disease. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2013; 4:329-70. [DOI: 10.1260/2040-2295.4.3.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Kumar VA, Caves JM, Haller CA, Dai E, Li L, Grainger S, Chaikof EL. Acellular vascular grafts generated from collagen and elastin analogs. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:8067-74. [PMID: 23743129 PMCID: PMC3733560 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-engineered vascular grafts require long fabrication times, in part due to the requirement of cells from a variety of cell sources to produce a robust, load-bearing extracellular matrix. Herein, we propose a design strategy for the fabrication of tubular conduits comprising collagen fiber networks and elastin-like protein polymers to mimic native tissue structure and function. Dense fibrillar collagen networks exhibited an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 0.71±0.06 MPa, strain to failure of 37.1±2.2% and Young's modulus of 2.09±0.42 MPa, comparing favorably to a UTS and a Young's modulus for native blood vessels of 1.4-11.1 MPa and 1.5±0.3 MPa, respectively. Resilience, a measure of recovered energy during unloading of matrices, demonstrated that 58.9±4.4% of the energy was recovered during loading-unloading cycles. Rapid fabrication of multilayer tubular conduits with maintenance of native collagen ultrastructure was achieved with internal diameters ranging between 1 and 4mm. Compliance and burst pressures exceeded 2.7±0.3%/100 mmHg and 830±131 mmHg, respectively, with a significant reduction in observed platelet adherence as compared to expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE; 6.8±0.05×10(5) vs. 62±0.05×10(5) platelets mm(-2), p<0.01). Using a rat aortic interposition model, early in vivo responses were evaluated at 2 weeks via Doppler ultrasound and CT angiography with immunohistochemistry confirming a limited early inflammatory response (n=8). Engineered collagen-elastin composites represent a promising strategy for fabricating synthetic tissues with defined extracellular matrix content, composition and architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek A. Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering of Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Jeffrey M. Caves
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering of Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Carolyn A. Haller
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering of Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Erbin Dai
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Liying Li
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Stephanie Grainger
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering of Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Elliot L. Chaikof
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering of Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332
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Mauri A, Zeisberger SM, Hoerstrup SP, Mazza E. Analysis of the Uniaxial and Multiaxial Mechanical Response of a Tissue-Engineered Vascular Graft. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:583-92. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arabella Mauri
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Steffen M. Zeisberger
- Swiss Center for Regenerative Medicine (SCRM), University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Surgical Research and Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon P. Hoerstrup
- Swiss Center for Regenerative Medicine (SCRM), University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Surgical Research and Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edoardo Mazza
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, EMPA, Duebendorf, Switzerland
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Bourget JM, Gauvin R, Larouche D, Lavoie A, Labbé R, Auger FA, Germain L. Human fibroblast-derived ECM as a scaffold for vascular tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2012; 33:9205-13. [PMID: 23031531 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly approach is based on the capability of mesenchymal cells to secrete and organize their own extracellular matrix (ECM). This tissue engineering method allows for the fabrication of autologous living tissues, such as tissue-engineered blood vessels (TEBV) and skin. However, the secretion of ECM by smooth muscle cells (SMCs), required to produce the vascular media, may represent a long process in vitro. The aim of this work was to reduce the time required to produce a tissue-engineered vascular media (TEVM) and extend the production of TEVM with SMCs from all patients without compromising its mechanical and functional properties. Therefore, we developed a decellularized matrix scaffold (dMS) produced from dermal fibroblasts (DF) or saphenous vein fibroblasts (SVF), in which SMCs were seeded to produce a TEVM. Mechanical and contractile properties of these TEVM (referred to as nTEVM) were compared to standard self-assembled TEVM (sTEVM). This approach reduced the production time from 6 to 4 weeks. Moreover, nTEVM were more resistant to tensile load than sTEVM and their vascular reactivity was also improved. This new fabrication technique allows for the production of a vascular media using SMCs isolated from any patient, regardless of their capacity to synthesize ECM. Moreover, these scaffolds can be stored to be available when needed, in order to accelerate the production of the vascular substitute using autologous vascular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Bourget
- LOEX-Centre de Recherche FRQS du Centre Hospitalier Affilié Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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Hayward CJ, Fradette J, Galbraith T, Rémy M, Guignard R, Gauvin R, Germain L, Auger FA. Harvesting the potential of the human umbilical cord: isolation and characterisation of four cell types for tissue engineering applications. Cells Tissues Organs 2012; 197:37-54. [PMID: 22965075 DOI: 10.1159/000341254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The human umbilical cord (UC) has attracted interest as a source of cells for many research applications. UC solid tissues contain four cell types: epithelial, stromal, smooth muscle and endothelial cells. We have developed a unique protocol for the sequential extraction of all four cell types from a single UC, allowing tissue reconstruction using multiple cell types from the same source. By combining perfusion, immersion and explant techniques, all four cell types have been successfully expanded in monolayer cultures. We have also characterised epithelial and Wharton's jelly cells (WJC) by immunolabelling of specific proteins. Epithelial cell yields averaged at 2.3 × 10(5) cells per centimetre UC, and the cells expressed an unusual combination of keratins typical of simple, mucous and stratified epithelia. Stromal cells in the Wharton's jelly expressed desmin, α-smooth muscle actin, elastin, keratins (K12, K16, K18 and K19), vimentin and collagens. Expression patterns in cultured cells resembled those found in situ except for basement membrane components and type III collagen. These stromal cells featured a sustained proliferation rate up to passage 12 after thawing. The mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) character of the WJC was confirmed by their expression of typical MSC surface markers and by adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation assays. To emphasise and demonstrate their potential for regenerative medicine, UC cell types were successfully used to produce human tissue-engineered constructs. Both bilayered stromal/epithelial and vascular substitutes were produced, establishing the versatility and importance of these cells for research and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy J Hayward
- Centre LOEX de l'Université Laval, Université Laval, Québec, Qué., Canada
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Human blood-vessel-derived stem cells for tissue repair and regeneration. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:597439. [PMID: 22500099 PMCID: PMC3303622 DOI: 10.1155/2012/597439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2011] [Revised: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipotent stem/progenitor cells with similar developmental potentials have been independently identified from diverse human tissue/organ cultures. The increasing recognition of the vascular/perivascular origin of mesenchymal precursors suggested blood vessels being a systemic source of adult stem/progenitor cells. Our group and other laboratories recently isolated multiple stem/progenitor cell subsets from blood vessels of adult human tissues. Each of the three structural layers of blood vessels: intima, media, and adventitia has been found to include at least one precursor population, that is, myogenic endothelial cells (MECs), pericytes, and adventitial cells (ACs), respectively. MECs and pericytes efficiently regenerate myofibers in injured and dystrophic skeletal muscles as well as improve cardiac function after myocardial infarction. The applications of ACs in vascular remodeling and angiogenesis/vasculogenesis have been examined. Our recent finding that MECs and pericytes can be purified from cryogenically banked human primary muscle cell culture further indicates their potential applications in personalized regenerative medicine.
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