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Mao J, Eom GD, Yoon KW, Kim MJ, Chu KB, Kang HJ, Quan FS. Crossprotection induced by virus-like particles containing influenza dual-hemagglutinin and M2 ectodomain. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2024; 19:741-754. [PMID: 38390688 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims: To develop an effective universal vaccine against antigenically different influenza viruses. Materials & methods: We generated influenza virus-like particles (VLPs) expressing the H1 and H3 antigens with or without M2e5x. VLP-induced immune responses and crossprotection against H1N1, H3N2 or H5N1 viruses were assessed to evaluate their protective efficacy. Results: H1H3M2e5x immunization elicited higher crossreactive IgG antibodies than H1H3 VLPs. Upon challenge, both VLPs enhanced lung IgG, IgA and germinal center B-cell responses compared with control. While these VLPs conferred protection, H1H3M2e5x showed greater lung viral load reduction than H1H3 VLPs with minimal body weight loss. Conclusion: Utilizing VLPs containing dual-hemagglutinin, along with M2e5x, can be a vaccination strategy for inducing crossprotection against influenza A viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Mao
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Deok Eom
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon-Woong Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ju Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Back Chu
- Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, Core Research Institute (CRI), Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Ji Kang
- Center for Translational Antiviral Research, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Fu-Shi Quan
- Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, Core Research Institute (CRI), Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Zoology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
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Shi X, Yang K, Song H, Teng Z, Zhang Y, Ding W, Wang A, Tan S, Dong H, Sun S, Hu Y, Guo H. Development and Efficacy Evaluation of a Novel Nano-Emulsion Adjuvant for a Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus-like Particles Vaccine Based on Squalane. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12223934. [PMID: 36432220 PMCID: PMC9698784 DOI: 10.3390/nano12223934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The successful development of foot-and-mouth disease virus-like particles (FMD-VLPs) has opened a new direction for researching a novel subunit vaccine for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). Therefore, it is urgent to develop an adjuvant that is highly effective and safe to facilitate a better immune response to be pair with the FMD-VLP vaccine. In this research, we prepared a new nano-emulsion adjuvant based on squalane (SNA) containing CpG using the pseudo-ternary phase diagram method and the phase transformation method. The SNA consisted of Span85, Tween60, squalane, polyethene glycol-400 (PEG400) and CpG aqueous solution. The average particle diameter of the SNA was about 95 nm, and it exhibited good resistance to centrifugation, thermal stability, and biocompatibility. Then, SNA was emulsified as an adjuvant to prepare foot-and-mouth disease virus-like particles vaccine, BALB/c mice and guinea pigs were immunized, and we evaluated the immunization effect. The immunization results in mice showed that the SNA-VLPs vaccine significantly increased specific antibody levels in mice within 4 weeks, including higher levels of IgG1 and IgG2a. In addition, it increased the levels of IFN-γ and IL-1β in the immune serum of mice. Meanwhile, guinea pig-specific and neutralizing antibodies were considerably increased within 4 weeks when SNA was used as an adjuvant, thereby facilitating the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes. More importantly, in guinea pigs immunized with one dose of SNA-VLPs, challenged with FMDV 28 days after immunization, the protection rate can reach 83.3%, which is as high as in the ISA-206 control group. In conclusion, the novel squalane nano-emulsion adjuvant is an effective adjuvant for the FMD-VLPs vaccine, indicating a promising adjuvant for the future development of a novel FMD-VLPs vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoni Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Kun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hetao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhidong Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Weihao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Aofei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shuzhen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shiqi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yonghao Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Huichen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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3
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Zhu H, Li X, Ren X, Chen H, Qian P. Improving cross-protection against influenza virus in mice using a nanoparticle vaccine of mini-HA. Vaccine 2022; 40:6352-6361. [PMID: 36175214 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of mini-hemagglutinin (mini-HA) proteins expressed on lumazine synthase (LS) nanoparticles against influenza. Soluble mini-HA proteins were assembled with LS proteins via SpyTag/SpyCatcher in vitro. The size of mini-HA-LS nanoparticles was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS), and the effect of mini-HA-LS nano-vaccines was explored in mice. The results indicate that the diameter of mini-HA-LS nanoparticles was approximately 60-80 nm. The nanoparticles could induce stronger humoral and cellular immune responses and produce cross-clade protection against influenza in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hechao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xiangmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xujiao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Ping Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
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4
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Sadiq IZ, Abubakar FS, Dan-Iya BI. Role of nanoparticles in tackling COVID-19 pandemic: a bio-nanomedical approach. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2021.1944488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Idris Zubairu Sadiq
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of life sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
- African Center of Excellence in Neglected Tropical Diseases and Forensic Biotechnology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Fatima Sadiq Abubakar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of life sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
- African Center of Excellence in Neglected Tropical Diseases and Forensic Biotechnology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
- National Agricultural Extension and Liaison Services, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Bilal Ibrahim Dan-Iya
- Pharmacy Technician Departments, College of Health Sciences and Technology, Kano, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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5
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SARS-CoV-2 vaccine research and development: Conventional vaccines and biomimetic nanotechnology strategies. Asian J Pharm Sci 2020; 16:136-146. [PMID: 32905011 PMCID: PMC7462629 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of a massively producible vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus, is essential for stopping the current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. A vaccine must stimulate effective antibody and T cell responses in vivo to induce long-term protection. Scientific researchers have been developing vaccine candidates for the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) since the outbreaks of these diseases. The prevalence of new biotechnologies such as genetic engineering has shed light on the generation of vaccines against novel viruses. In this review, we present the status of the development of coronavirus vaccines, focusing particularly on the biomimetic nanoparticle technology platform, which is likely to have a major role in future developments of personalized medicine.
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6
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A Bivalent, Spherical Virus-Like Particle Vaccine Enhances Breadth of Immune Responses against Pathogenic Ebola Viruses in Rhesus Macaques. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.01884-19. [PMID: 32075939 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01884-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2013-2016 Ebola outbreak in West Africa led to accelerated efforts to develop vaccines against these highly virulent viruses. A live, recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus-based vaccine has been deployed in outbreak settings and appears highly effective. Vaccines based on replication-deficient adenovirus vectors either alone or in combination with a multivalent modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) Ebola vaccine also appear promising and are progressing in clinical evaluation. However, the ability of current live vector-based approaches to protect against multiple pathogenic species of Ebola is not yet established, and eliciting durable responses may require additional booster vaccinations. Here, we report the development of a bivalent, spherical Ebola virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine that incorporates glycoproteins (GPs) from Zaire Ebola virus (EBOV) and Sudan Ebola virus (SUDV) and is designed to extend the breadth of immunity beyond EBOV. Immunization of rabbits with bivalent Ebola VLPs produced antibodies that neutralized all four pathogenic species of Ebola viruses and elicited antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) responses against EBOV and SUDV. Vaccination of rhesus macaques with bivalent VLPs generated strong humoral immune responses, including high titers of binding, as well as neutralizing antibodies and ADCC responses. VLP vaccination led to a significant increase in the frequency of Ebola GP-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses. These results demonstrate that a novel bivalent Ebola VLP vaccine elicits strong humoral and cellular immune responses against pathogenic Ebola viruses and support further evaluation of this approach as a potential addition to Ebola vaccine development efforts.IMPORTANCE Ebola outbreaks result in significant morbidity and mortality in affected countries. Although several leading candidate Ebola vaccines have been developed and advanced in clinical testing, additional vaccine candidates may be needed to provide protection against different Ebola species and to extend the durability of protection. A novel approach demonstrated here is to express two genetically diverse glycoproteins on a spherical core, generating a vaccine that can broaden immune responses against known pathogenic Ebola viruses. This approach provides a new method to broaden and potentially extend protective immune responses against Ebola viruses.
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Durous L, Rosa-Calatrava M, Petiot E. Advances in influenza virus-like particles bioprocesses. Expert Rev Vaccines 2019; 18:1285-1300. [DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2019.1704262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Durous
- Virologie et Pathologie Humaine - VirPath team - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Manuel Rosa-Calatrava
- Virologie et Pathologie Humaine - VirPath team - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- VirNext, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Emma Petiot
- Virologie et Pathologie Humaine - VirPath team - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
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8
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Martinez-Gil L, Goff PH, Tan GS. The Role of Self-Assembling Lipid Molecules in Vaccination. ADVANCES IN BIOMEMBRANES AND LIPID SELF-ASSEMBLY 2018. [PMCID: PMC7147077 DOI: 10.1016/bs.abl.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The advent of vaccines represents one of the most significant advances in medical history. The protection provided by vaccines has greatly contributed in reducing the number of cases of infections and most notably to the eradication of small pox. A large number of new technologies and approaches in vaccine development are currently being investigated with the goal of providing the basis for the next generation of prophylactics against an ever-expanding list of emerging and reemerging pathogens. In this chapter, we will focus on the role of lipids and lipid self-assembling vesicles in new and promising vaccination approaches. We will start by describing how lipids can induce activation of the innate immune system and focus on some lipid-derived vaccine adjuvants. Next, we will review current lipid-based self-assembling particles used as vaccine platforms, specifically liposomes and virus-like particles, and how virus-like particles have facilitated research of highly pathogenic viruses such as Ebola.
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Developing a platform system for gene delivery: amplifying virus-like particles (AVLP) as an influenza vaccine. NPJ Vaccines 2017; 2:32. [PMID: 29263887 PMCID: PMC5696535 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-017-0031-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Delivery of a gene of interest to target cells is highly desirable for translational medicine, such as gene therapy, regenerative medicine, vaccine development, and studies of gene function. Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), a paramyxovirus with a negative-sense RNA genome, normally infects cells without causing obvious cytopathic effect, and it can infect many cell types. To exploit these features of PIV5, we established a system generating self-amplifying, virus-like particles (AVLP). Using enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) as a reporter, AVLP encoding EGFP (AVLP–EGFP) successfully delivered and expressed the EGFP gene in primary human cells, including stem cells, airway epithelial cells, monocytes, and T cells. To demonstrate the application of this system for vaccine development, we generated AVLPs to express the HA and M1 antigens from the influenza A virus strain H5N1 (AVLP–H5 and AVLP–M1H5). Immunization of mice with AVLP–H5 and AVLP–M1H5 generated robust antibody and cellular immune responses. Vaccination with a single dose of AVLP–H5 and M1H5 completely protected mice against lethal H5N1 challenge, suggesting that the AVLP-based system is a promising platform for delivery of desirable genes. An ‘imitation virus’ can be used to deliver genetic material to target cells, with farreaching potential for medical application. The capacity to safely and affordably introduce genes into cells is highly-sought. A team led by the University of Georgia’s Biao He created a protein shell using parainfluenza virus 5 proteins, with the resultant particles possessing the ability to infect multiple types of cell and deliver desired genetic material. The team proved the utility of their system by using it to express immunity-promoting components of avian influenza virus in live mice—successfully vaccinating the animals, and enabling them to survive a subsequent lethal infection. His group also showed that their system is also able to deliver and express genes in human cells, prompting further research into this useful tool.
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Cimica V, Galarza JM. Adjuvant formulations for virus-like particle (VLP) based vaccines. Clin Immunol 2017; 183:99-108. [PMID: 28780375 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The development of virus-like particle (VLP) technology has had an enormous impact on modern vaccinology. In order to optimize the efficacy and safety of VLP-based vaccines, adjuvants are included in most vaccine formulations. To date, most licensed VLP-based vaccines utilize the classic aluminum adjuvant compositions. Certain challenging pathogens and weak immune responder subjects may require further optimization of the adjuvant formulation to maximize the magnitude and duration of the protective immunity. Indeed, novel classes of adjuvants such as liposomes, agonists of pathogen recognition receptors, polymeric particles, emulsions, cytokines and bacterial toxins, can be used to further improve the immunostimulatory activity of a VLP-based vaccine. This review describes the current advances in adjuvant technology for VLP-based vaccines directed at viral diseases, and discusses the basic principles for designing adjuvant formulations for enhancing the vaccine immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velasco Cimica
- TechnoVax, Inc., 765 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Jose M Galarza
- TechnoVax, Inc., 765 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States.
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11
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Smith GE, Sun X, Bai Y, Liu YV, Massare MJ, Pearce MB, Belser JA, Maines TR, Creager HM, Glenn GM, Flyer D, Pushko P, Levine MZ, Tumpey TM. Neuraminidase-based recombinant virus-like particles protect against lethal avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection in ferrets. Virology 2017. [PMID: 28624679 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Avian influenza A (H5N1) viruses represent a growing threat for an influenza pandemic. The presence of widespread avian influenza virus infections further emphasizes the need for vaccine strategies for control of pre-pandemic H5N1 and other avian influenza subtypes. Influenza neuraminidase (NA) vaccines represent a potential strategy for improving vaccines against avian influenza H5N1 viruses. To evaluate a strategy for NA vaccination, we generated a recombinant influenza virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine comprised of the NA protein of A/Indonesia/05/2005 (H5N1) virus. Ferrets vaccinated with influenza N1 NA VLPs elicited high-titer serum NA-inhibition (NI) antibody titers and were protected from lethal challenge with A/Indonesia/05/2005 virus. Moreover, N1-immune ferrets shed less infectious virus than similarly challenged control animals. In contrast, ferrets administered control N2 NA VLPs were not protected against H5N1 virus challenge. These results provide support for continued development of NA-based vaccines against influenza H5N1 viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gale E Smith
- Novavax, Inc., 20 Firstfield, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Xiangjie Sun
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yaohui Bai
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ye V Liu
- Novavax, Inc., 20 Firstfield, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | | | - Melissa B Pearce
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jessica A Belser
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Taronna R Maines
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hannah M Creager
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; Microbiology and Molecular Genetics Graduate Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - David Flyer
- Novavax, Inc., 20 Firstfield, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Peter Pushko
- Medigen, Inc., 8420 Gas House Pike, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Min Z Levine
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Terrence M Tumpey
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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12
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Jeong H, Seong BL. Exploiting virus-like particles as innovative vaccines against emerging viral infections. J Microbiol 2017; 55:220-230. [PMID: 28243941 PMCID: PMC7090582 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-017-7058-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Emerging viruses pose a major threat to humans and livestock with global public health and economic burdens. Vaccination remains an effective tool to reduce this threat, and yet, the conventional cell culture often fails to produce sufficient vaccine dose. As an alternative to cell-culture based vaccine, virus-like particles (VLPs) are considered as a highpriority vaccine strategy against emerging viruses. VLPs represent highly ordered repetitive structures via macromolecular assemblies of viral proteins. The particulate nature allows efficient uptake into antigen presenting cells stimulating both innate and adaptive immune responses towards enhanced vaccine efficacy. Increasing research activity and translation opportunity necessitate the advances in the design of VLPs and new bioprocessing modalities for efficient and cost-effective production. Herein, we describe major achievements and challenges in this endeavor, with respect to designing strategies to harnessing the immunogenic potential, production platforms, downstream processes, and some exemplary cases in developing VLP-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hotcherl Jeong
- Department of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Baik Lin Seong
- Department of Biotechnology & Vaccine Translational Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Brazzoli M, Magini D, Bonci A, Buccato S, Giovani C, Kratzer R, Zurli V, Mangiavacchi S, Casini D, Brito LM, De Gregorio E, Mason PW, Ulmer JB, Geall AJ, Bertholet S. Induction of Broad-Based Immunity and Protective Efficacy by Self-amplifying mRNA Vaccines Encoding Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin. J Virol 2016; 90:332-44. [PMID: 26468547 PMCID: PMC4702536 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01786-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Seasonal influenza is a vaccine-preventable disease that remains a major health problem worldwide, especially in immunocompromised populations. The impact of influenza disease is even greater when strains drift, and influenza pandemics can result when animal-derived influenza virus strains combine with seasonal strains. In this study, we used the SAM technology and characterized the immunogenicity and efficacy of a self-amplifying mRNA expressing influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) antigen [SAM(HA)] formulated with a novel oil-in-water cationic nanoemulsion. We demonstrated that SAM(HA) was immunogenic in ferrets and facilitated containment of viral replication in the upper respiratory tract of influenza virus-infected animals. In mice, SAM(HA) induced potent functional neutralizing antibody and cellular immune responses, characterized by HA-specific CD4 T helper 1 and CD8 cytotoxic T cells. Furthermore, mice immunized with SAM(HA) derived from the influenza A virus A/California/7/2009 (H1N1) strain (Cal) were protected from a lethal challenge with the heterologous mouse-adapted A/PR/8/1934 (H1N1) virus strain (PR8). Sera derived from SAM(H1-Cal)-immunized animals were not cross-reactive with the PR8 virus, whereas cross-reactivity was observed for HA-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells. Finally, depletion of T cells demonstrated that T-cell responses were essential in mediating heterologous protection. If the SAM vaccine platform proves safe, well tolerated, and effective in humans, the fully synthetic SAM vaccine technology could provide a rapid response platform to control pandemic influenza. IMPORTANCE In this study, we describe protective immune responses in mice and ferrets after vaccination with a novel HA-based influenza vaccine. This novel type of vaccine elicits both humoral and cellular immune responses. Although vaccine-specific antibodies are the key players in mediating protection from homologous influenza virus infections, vaccine-specific T cells contribute to the control of heterologous infections. The rapid production capacity and the synthetic origin of the vaccine antigen make the SAM platform particularly exploitable in case of influenza pandemic.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cross Protection
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Ferrets
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines/genetics
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Leukocyte Reduction Procedures
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/prevention & control
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Respiratory System/virology
- Survival Analysis
- Treatment Outcome
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/genetics
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Viral Load
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diletta Magini
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics S.r.l., Siena, Italy Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Vanessa Zurli
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics S.r.l., Siena, Italy Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | - Luis M Brito
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Peter W Mason
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Ulmer
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew J Geall
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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14
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Nerome K, Sugita S, Kuroda K, Hirose T, Matsuda S, Majima K, Kawasaki K, Shibata T, Poetri ON, Soejoedono RD, Mayasari NLPI, Agungpriyono S, Nerome R. The large-scale production of an artificial influenza virus-like particle vaccine in silkworm pupae. Vaccine 2014; 33:117-25. [PMID: 25448101 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We successfully established a mass production system for an influenza virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine using a synthetic H5 hemagglutinin (HA) gene codon-optimized for the silkworm. A recombinant baculovirus containing the synthetic gene was inoculated into silkworm pupae. Four days after inoculation, the hemagglutination titer in homogenates from infected pupae reached a mean value of 0.8 million hemagglutination units (HAU), approximately 2,000 μg HA protein per pupa, more than 50-fold higher than that produced with an embryonated chicken egg. VLPs ranging from 30 nm to 300 nm in diameter and covered with a large number of spikes were detected in the homogenates. The spikes were approximately 14 nm long, similar to an authentic influenza HA spike. Detailed electron micrographs indicated that the VLP spike density was similar to that of authentic influenza virus particles. The results clearly show that the expression of a single HA gene can efficiently produce VLPs in silkworm pupae. When chickens were immunized with the pupae homogenate, the hemagglutination inhibition titer in their sera reached values of 2,048-8,192 after approximately 1 month. This is the first report demonstrating that a large amount of VLP vaccine could be produced by single synthetic HA gene in silkworm pupae. Our system might be useful for future vaccine development against other viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniaki Nerome
- The Institute of Biological Resources, 893-2, Nakayama, Nago, Okinawa 905-0004, Japan.
| | - Shigeo Sugita
- Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 321-4, Tokami-cho, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 320-0856, Japan
| | - Kazumichi Kuroda
- Division of Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1, Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Hirose
- The Institute of Biological Resources, 893-2, Nakayama, Nago, Okinawa 905-0004, Japan
| | - Sayaka Matsuda
- The Institute of Biological Resources, 893-2, Nakayama, Nago, Okinawa 905-0004, Japan
| | - Kei Majima
- Baculotechnologies Co., Ltd., 2217-16, Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0301, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kawasaki
- National Institute of Advanced Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
| | - Toshikatsu Shibata
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1, Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabshi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Okti Nadia Poetri
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University IPB, JL Agatis Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Retno D Soejoedono
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University IPB, JL Agatis Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Ni L P Ika Mayasari
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University IPB, JL Agatis Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Srihadi Agungpriyono
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University IPB, JL Agatis Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Reiko Nerome
- The Institute of Biological Resources, 893-2, Nakayama, Nago, Okinawa 905-0004, Japan
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15
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RNA virus reverse genetics and vaccine design. Viruses 2014; 6:2531-50. [PMID: 24967693 PMCID: PMC4113782 DOI: 10.3390/v6072531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA viruses are capable of rapid spread and severe or potentially lethal disease in both animals and humans. The development of reverse genetics systems for manipulation and study of RNA virus genomes has provided platforms for designing and optimizing viral mutants for vaccine development. Here, we review the impact of RNA virus reverse genetics systems on past and current efforts to design effective and safe viral therapeutics and vaccines.
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16
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An alphavirus-based adjuvant enhances serum and mucosal antibodies, T cells, and protective immunity to influenza virus in neonatal mice. J Virol 2014; 88:9182-96. [PMID: 24899195 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00327-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Neonatal immune responses to infection and vaccination are biased toward TH2 at the cost of proinflammatory TH1 responses needed to combat intracellular pathogens. However, upon appropriate stimulation, the neonatal immune system can induce adult-like TH1 responses. Here we report that a new class of vaccine adjuvant is especially well suited to enhance early life immunity. The GVI3000 adjuvant is a safe, nonpropagating, truncated derivative of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus that targets dendritic cells (DCs) in the draining lymph node (DLN) and produces intracellular viral RNA without propagating to other cells. RNA synthesis strongly activates the innate immune response so that in adult animals, codelivery of soluble protein antigens induces robust humoral, cellular, and mucosal responses. The adjuvant properties of GVI3000 were tested in a neonatal BALB/c mouse model using inactivated influenza virus (iFlu). After a single immunization, mice immunized with iFlu with the GVI3000 adjuvant (GVI3000-adjuvanted iFlu) had significantly higher and sustained influenza virus-specific IgG antibodies, mainly IgG2a (TH1), compared to the mice immunized with antigen only. GVI3000 significantly increased antigen-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, primed mucosal immune responses, and enhanced protection from lethal challenge. As seen in adult mice, the GVI3000 adjuvant increased the DC population in the DLNs, caused activation and maturation of DCs, and induced proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the DLNs soon after immunization, including gamma interferon (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and interleukin 6 (IL-6). In summary, the GVI3000 adjuvant induced an adult-like adjuvant effect with an influenza vaccine and has the potential to improve the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of new and existing neonatal vaccines. IMPORTANCE The suboptimal immune responses in early life constitute a significant challenge for vaccine design. Here we report that a new class of adjuvant is safe and effective for early life immunization and demonstrate its ability to significantly improve the protective efficacy of an inactivated influenza virus vaccine in a neonatal mouse model. The GVI3000 adjuvant delivers a truncated, self-replicating viral RNA into dendritic cells in the draining lymph node. Intracellular RNA replication activates a strong innate immune response that significantly enhances adaptive antibody and cellular immune responses to codelivered antigens. A significant increase in protection results from a single immunization. Importantly, this adjuvant also primed a mucosal IgA response, which is likely to be critical for protection during many early life infections.
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17
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Mena JA, Kamen AA. Insect cell technology is a versatile and robust vaccine manufacturing platform. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 10:1063-81. [DOI: 10.1586/erv.11.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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19
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Park JK, Lee DH, Youn HN, Kim MS, Lee YN, Yuk SS, Lim TH, Jang JH, Kwon JH, Kim BY, Kang SM, Seong BL, Lee JB, Park SY, Choi IS, Song CS. Protective efficacy of crude virus-like particle vaccine against HPAI H5N1 in chickens and its application on DIVA strategy. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2012; 7:340-8. [PMID: 22716302 PMCID: PMC4941755 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2012.00396.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, Asian lineage highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 has become widespread across continents. These viruses are persistently circulating among poultry populations in endemic regions, causing huge economic losses, and raising concerns about an H5N1 pandemic. To control HPAI H5N1, effective vaccines for poultry are urgently needed. Objective In this study, we developed HPAI virus‐like particle (VLP) vaccine as a candidate poultry vaccine and evaluated its protective efficacy and possible application for differentiating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA). Methods Specific pathogen‐free chickens received a single injection of HPAI H5N1 VLP vaccine generated using baculovirus expression vector system. Immunogenicity of VLP vaccines was determined using hemagglutination inhibition (HI), neuraminidase inhibition (NI), and ELISA test. Challenge study was performed to evaluate efficacy of VLP vaccines. Results and Conclusions A single immunization with HPAI H5N1 VLP vaccine induced high levels of HI and NI antibodies and protected chickens from a lethal challenge of wild‐type HPAI H5N1 virus. Viral excretion from the vaccinated and challenged group was strongly reduced compared with a mock‐vaccinated control group. Furthermore, we were able to differentiate VLP‐vaccinated chickens from vaccinated and then infected chickens with a commercial ELISA test kit, which offers a promising strategy for the application of DIVA concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Keun Park
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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20
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Seasonal trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine protects against 1918 Spanish influenza virus infection in ferrets. J Virol 2012; 86:7118-25. [PMID: 22553323 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00674-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The influenza virus H1N1 pandemic of 1918 was one of the worst medical catastrophes in human history. Recent studies have demonstrated that the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of the 1918 virus and 2009 H1N1 pandemic virus [A(H1N1)pdm09], the latter now a component of the seasonal trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV), share cross-reactive antigenic determinants. In this study, we demonstrate that immunization with the 2010-2011 seasonal TIV induces neutralizing antibodies that cross-react with the reconstructed 1918 pandemic virus in ferrets. TIV-immunized ferrets subsequently challenged with the 1918 virus displayed significant reductions in fever, weight loss, and virus shedding compared to these parameters in nonimmune control ferrets. Seasonal TIV was also effective in protecting against the lung infection and severe lung pathology associated with 1918 virus infection. Our data demonstrate that prior immunization with contemporary TIV provides cross-protection against the 1918 virus in ferrets. These findings suggest that exposure to A(H1N1)pdm09 through immunization may provide protection against the reconstructed 1918 virus which, as a select agent, is considered to pose both biosafety and biosecurity threats.
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21
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López-Macías C. Virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccines for pandemic influenza: performance of a VLP vaccine during the 2009 influenza pandemic. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2012; 8:411-4. [PMID: 22330956 PMCID: PMC3426084 DOI: 10.4161/hv.18757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The influenza pandemic of 2009 demonstrated the inability of the established global capacity for egg-based vaccine production technology to provide sufficient vaccine for the population in a timely fashion. Several alternative technologies for developing influenza vaccines have been proposed, among which non-replicating virus-like particles (VLPs) represent an attractive option because of their safety and immunogenic characteristics. VLP vaccines against pandemic influenza have been developed in tobacco plant cells and in Sf9 insect cells infected with baculovirus that expresses protein genes from pandemic influenza strains. These technologies allow rapid and large-scale production of vaccines (3-12 weeks). The 2009 influenza outbreak provided an opportunity for clinical testing of a pandemic influenza VLP vaccine in the midst of the outbreak at its epicenter in Mexico. An influenza A(H1N1)2009 VLP pandemic vaccine (produced in insect cells) was tested in a phase II clinical trial involving 4,563 healthy adults. Results showed that the vaccine is safe and immunogenic despite high preexisting anti-A(H1N1)2009 antibody titers present in the population. The safety and immunogenicity profile presented by this pandemic VLP vaccine during the outbreak in Mexico suggests that VLP technology is a suitable alternative to current influenza vaccine technologies for producing pandemic and seasonal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantino López-Macías
- Medical Research Unit on Immunochemistry (UIMIQ), Specialties Hospital, National Medical Centre Siglo XXI, Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico.
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22
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Eichelberger MC, Green MD. Animal models to assess the toxicity, immunogenicity and effectiveness of candidate influenza vaccines. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2011; 7:1117-27. [PMID: 21749266 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2011.602065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Every year, > 100 million doses of licensed influenza vaccine are administered worldwide, with relatively few serious adverse events reported. Initiatives to manufacture influenza vaccines on different platforms have come about to ensure timely production of strain-specific as well as universal vaccines. To prevent adverse events that may be associated with these new vaccines, it is important to evaluate the toxicity of new formulations in animal models. AREAS COVERED This review outlines preclinical studies that evaluate safety, immunogenicity and effectiveness of novel products to support further development and clinical trials. This has been done through a review of the latest literature describing vaccines under development. EXPERT OPINION The objective of preclinical safety tests is to demonstrate the absence of toxic contaminants and adventitious agents. Additional tests that characterize vaccine content more completely, or demonstrate the absence of exacerbated disease following virus challenge in vaccinated animals, may provide additional data to ensure the safety of new vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryna C Eichelberger
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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23
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Gomez-Casado E, Gomez-Sebastian S, Núñez MC, Lasa-Covarrubias R, Martínez-Pulgarín S, Escribano JM. Insect larvae biofactories as a platform for influenza vaccine production. Protein Expr Purif 2011; 79:35-43. [PMID: 21421054 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2011.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Increased production capacity is one of the most important priorities for seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccines. In the present study, we used a baculovirus-insect larvae system (considered small, living biofactories) to improve the production of recombinant influenza virus H1N1 hemagglutinin (HA). Insect larvae produced four-fold more HA protein than insect cells per biomass unit (1 g of fresh larvae weight). A single infected Trichoplusia ni larva produced up to 113 μg of soluble and easily purified recombinant HA, an amount similar to that produced by 1.2×10(8) Sf21 insect cells infected by the same baculovirus. The use of the KDEL endoplasmic reticulum retention signal fused to the HA protein further increased recombinant protein production. Larvae-derived HA was immunogenically functional in vaccinated mice, inducing the generation of hemagglutination inhibition antibodies and a protective immune response against a lethal challenge with a highly virulent virus. The productivity, scalability and cost efficiency of small, living biofactories based on insect larvae suggest a broad-based strategy for the production of recombinant subunit vaccines against seasonal or pandemic influenza as an alternative to fermentation technologies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Baculoviridae/genetics
- Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/isolation & purification
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Immunization
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/genetics
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/isolation & purification
- Influenza Vaccines/therapeutic use
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Larva/virology
- Mice
- Moths/virology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/isolation & purification
- Vaccines, Synthetic/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gomez-Casado
- Department of Biotechnology, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain.
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24
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Ding Y, Chuan YP, He L, Middelberg AP. Modeling the competition between aggregation and self-assembly during virus-like particle processing. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 107:550-60. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.22821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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25
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Wu CY, Yeh YC, Yang YC, Chou C, Liu MT, Wu HS, Chan JT, Hsiao PW. Mammalian expression of virus-like particles for advanced mimicry of authentic influenza virus. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9784. [PMID: 20339535 PMCID: PMC2842297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2009] [Accepted: 02/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza A viruses are major human and animal pathogens with huge economic and societal impact from illness, hospitalizations, and deaths. Virus-like particles (VLPs) of influenza virus have been suggested as a vaccine candidate offering improved safety and efficacy. To develop this concept further, we established a flexible platform to efficiently generate different subtypes of mammalian-expressed influenza VLPs. Here we demonstrate that these mammalian VLPs strongly resemble the authentic viruses in structure, particle size and composition of host factors, and even glycosylation of viral antigens. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, a mammalian VLP system was established by stable co-expression of four influenza structural proteins (HA, NA, M1, and M2) in a Vero cell line. By replacing the surface glycoproteins of HA and NA, we converted the H3N2-VLP subtype to H5N1-VLP. After centrifugation purification of conditioned media, the particle morphologies, average sizes, and hemagglutination abilities of secreted VLPs were characterized, and the VLP constituents were identified by LC/MS/MS. Protease protection assays demonstrated that specific cellular proteins that co-purified with influenza virions were integrated into mammalian VLPs. The glycosylation profiles of mammalian VLPs as revealed by deglycosylation assays were similar to that of progeny viruses produced from Vero cells. Vaccination of mice with 2.5 microg and above of H5N1-VLP elicited H5-specific IgG1 antibodies and resulted in full protection against lethal infection with homologous virus. These results provide compelling evidence that mammalian VLPs closely emulate the exterior of authentic virus particles not only in antigen presentation but also in biological properties and should provide promising vaccine candidates. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE This flexible mammalian influenza VLP system offers a superior alternative to the conventional reverse genetic vaccine platform without concerns over inadequate presentation of immune antigens or limitations imposed by the manipulation of real viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ying Wu
- Agricultural Biotech Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Yeh
- Agricultural Biotech Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chih Yang
- Agricultural Biotech Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching Chou
- Agricultural Biotech Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tsan Liu
- Center for Disease Control, Department of Health, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Sheng Wu
- Center for Disease Control, Department of Health, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Pei-Wen Hsiao
- Agricultural Biotech Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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26
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Schmeisser F, Vodeiko GM, Lugovtsev VY, Stout RR, Weir JP. An alternative method for preparation of pandemic influenza strain-specific antibody for vaccine potency determination. Vaccine 2010; 28:2442-9. [PMID: 20074687 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.12.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2009] [Revised: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 12/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The traditional assay used to measure potency of inactivated influenza vaccines is a single-radial immunodiffusion (SRID) assay that utilizes an influenza strain-specific antibody to measure the content of virus hemagglutinin (HA) in the vaccine in comparison to a homologous HA reference antigen. Since timely preparation of potency reagents by regulatory authorities is challenging and always a potential bottleneck in influenza vaccine production, it is extremely important that additional approaches for reagent development be available, particularly in the event of an emerging pandemic influenza virus. An alternative method for preparation of strain-specific antibody that can be used for SRID potency assay is described. The approach does not require the presence or purification of influenza virus, and furthermore, is not limited by the success of the traditional technique of bromelain digestion and purification of virus HA. Multiple mammalian expression vectors, including plasmid and modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) vectors expressing the HAs of two H5N1 influenza viruses and the HA of the recently emerging pandemic H1N1 (2009) virus, were developed. An immunization scheme was designed for the sequential immunization of animals by direct vector injection followed by protein booster immunization using influenza HA produced in vitro from MVA vector infection of cells in culture. Each HA antibody was highly specific as shown by hemagglutination inhibition assay and the ability to serve as a capture antibody in ELISA. Importantly, each H5N1 antibody and the pandemic H1N1 (2009) antibody preparation were suitable for use in SRID assays for determining the potency of pandemic influenza virus vaccines. The results demonstrate a feasible approach for addressing one of the potential bottlenecks in inactivated pandemic influenza vaccine production and are particularly important in light of the difficulties in preparation of potency reagent antibody for pandemic H1N1 (2009) virus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falko Schmeisser
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluations and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
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27
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Tao P, Luo M, Zhu D, Qu S, Yang Z, Gao M, Guo D, Pan Z. Virus-like particle vaccine comprised of the HA, NA, and M1 proteins of an avian isolated H5N1 influenza virus induces protective immunity against homologous and heterologous strains in mice. Viral Immunol 2009; 22:273-81. [PMID: 19594398 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2009.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus represents a growing threat for an influenza pandemic. Development of effective vaccines for H5N1 is a priority for pandemic preparedness. Focusing on influenza virus-like particles (VLPs) has been suggested as a promising vaccine approach. Recent VLP vaccination efforts have been concentrated on the H5N1 strains isolated from humans. Because all confirmed cases of human H5N1 infection were directly transmitted from infected poultry, it is of interest to develop VLP vaccines comprised of antigenic proteins of avian H5N1 strains in order to compare their efficacy in fighting diverse H5N1 strains with vaccines developed using human isolates. In this study, we generated a VLP vaccine composed of the HA, NA, and M1 proteins of the avian H5N1 influenza virus isolate A/chicken/Hubei/489/2004, which seems to occupy a unique phylogenetic position; it belongs to neither clade 1 nor clade 2. Upon infection of Sf9 insect cells using recombinant baculoviruses, the co-expressed HA, NA, and M1 proteins self-assembled and released into the culture medium as VLPs. In a mouse model, purified VLPs elicited an effective antibody response and conferred complete protection against heterologous human H5N1 influenza virus, as well as a homologous avian H5N1 influenza virus isolate. Our work provides further evidence that vaccination with influenza VLPs may be a productive approach to achieve protection against diverse H5N1 strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, HuBei, China
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28
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Noad RJ, Stewart M, Boyce M, Celma CC, Willison KR, Roy P. Multigene expression of protein complexes by iterative modification of genomic Bacmid DNA. BMC Mol Biol 2009; 10:87. [PMID: 19725957 PMCID: PMC2749033 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-10-87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2009] [Accepted: 09/02/2009] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many cellular multi-protein complexes are naturally present in cells at low abundance. Baculovirus expression offers one approach to produce milligram quantities of correctly folded and processed eukaryotic protein complexes. However, current strategies suffer from the need to produce large transfer vectors, and the use of repeated promoter sequences in baculovirus, which itself produces proteins that promote homologous recombination. One possible solution to these problems is to construct baculovirus genomes that express each protein in a complex from a separate locus within the viral DNA. However current methods for selecting such recombinant genomes are too inefficient to routinely modify the virus in this way. Results This paper reports a method which combines the lambda red and bacteriophage P1 Cre-recombinase systems to efficiently generate baculoviruses in which protein complexes are expressed from multiple, single-locus insertions of foreign genes. This method is based on an 88 fold improvement in the selection of recombinant viruses generated by red recombination techniques through use of a bipartite selection cassette. Using this system, seven new genetic loci were identified in the AcMNPV genome suitable for the high level expression of recombinant proteins. These loci were used to allow the recovery two recombinant virus-like particles with potential biotechnological applications (influenza A virus HA/M1 particles and bluetongue virus VP2/VP3/VP5/VP7 particles) and the mammalian chaperone and cancer drug target CCT (16 subunits formed from 8 proteins). Conclusion 1. Use of bipartite selections can significantly improve selection of modified bacterial artificial chromosomes carrying baculovirus DNA. Furthermore this approach is sufficiently robust to allow routine modification of the virus genome. 2. In addition to the commonly used p10 and polyhedrin loci, the ctx, egt, 39k, orf51, gp37, iap2 and odv-e56 loci in AcMNPV are all suitable for the high level expression of heterologous genes. 3. Two protein, four protein and eight protein complexes including virus-like particles and cellular chaperone complexes can be produced using the new approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob J Noad
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
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29
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Bucarey SA, Noriega J, Reyes P, Tapia C, Sáenz L, Zuñiga A, Tobar JA. The optimized capsid gene of porcine circovirus type 2 expressed in yeast forms virus-like particles and elicits antibody responses in mice fed with recombinant yeast extracts. Vaccine 2009; 27:5781-90. [PMID: 19664739 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2009] [Revised: 06/21/2009] [Accepted: 07/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2)-associated diseases are considered to be the biggest problem for the worldwide swine industry. The PCV2 capsid protein (Cap) is an important antigen for development of vaccines. At present, most anti-PCV2 vaccines are produced as injectable formulations. Although effective, these vaccines have certain drawbacks, including stress with concomitant immunosuppresion, and involve laborious and time-consuming procedures. In this study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used as a vehicle to deliver PCV2 antigen in a preliminary attempt to develop an oral vaccine, and its immunogenic potential in mice was tested after oral gavage-mediated delivery. The cap gene with a yeast-optimized codon usage sequence (opt-cap) was chemically synthesized and cloned into Escherichia coli/Saccharomyces cerevisiae shuttle vector, pYES2, under the control of the Gal1 promoter. Intracellular expression of the Cap protein was confirmed by Western blot analysis and its antigenic properties were compared with those of baculovirus/insect cell-produced Cap protein derived from the native PCV2 cap gene. It was further demonstrated by electron micrography that the yeast-derived PCV2 Cap protein self-assembles into virus-like particles (VLPs) that are morphologically and antigenically similar to insect cell-derived VLPs. Feeding raw yeast extract containing Cap protein to mice elicited both serum- and fecal-specific antibodies against the antigen. These results show that it is feasible to use S. cerevisiae as a safe and simple system to produce PCV2 virus-like particles, and that oral yeast-mediated antigen delivery is an alternative strategy to efficiently induce anti-PCV2 antibodies in a mouse model, which is worthy of further investigation in swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A Bucarey
- Centro Biotecnológico Veterinario Biovetec, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas Animales, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Chile.
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Ilyinskii PO, Thoidis G, Shneider AM. Development of a vaccine against pandemic influenza viruses: current status and perspectives. Int Rev Immunol 2009; 27:392-426. [PMID: 19065349 DOI: 10.1080/08830180802295765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The constant threat of a new influenza pandemic, which may be caused by a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, necessitates the development of a vaccine capable of providing efficient, long-term, and cost-effective protection. Proven avenues for the development of vaccines against seasonal influenza as well as novel approaches have been explored over the past decade. Whereas significant insights are consistently being made, the generation of a highly efficient and cross-protective vaccine against the future pandemic influenza strain remains as the ultimate goal in the field. In this review, we re-examine these efforts and outline the scientific, political, and economic problems that befall this area of biotechnological research.
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Liu J, Dolan MC, Reidy M, Cramer CL. Expression of bioactive single-chain murine IL-12 in transgenic plants. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2008; 28:381-92. [PMID: 18593333 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2007.0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-12 (IL-12), an important immunomodulator for cell-mediated immunity, shows significant potential as a vaccine adjuvant and anticancer therapeutic. However, its clinical application is limited in part by lack of an effective bioproduction system for this complex heterodimeric glycoprotein. Transgenic plants show promise as scalable bioproduction platforms for challenging biopharmaceutical proteins. To test the potential of plants to effectively produce bioactive IL-12, we developed transgenic tobacco plant lines and derived root cultures yielding high levels of mouse IL-12 (MuIL-12). Functional IL-12 is a heterodimer consisting of two disulfide-linked subunits, p35 and p40. To ensure the stoichiometric expression and assembly of p35 and p40, we expressed a single-chain version of MuIL-12. Plant-derived single-chain MuIL-12 was characterized and purified for in vitro bioactivity assays. Our results demonstrated precise cleavage of the endogenous mouse p40 signal peptide in plants as well as addition of N-linked glycans. Plant-derived MuIL-12 triggered induction of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion from mouse splenocytes and stimulated splenocyte proliferation with comparable activities to those observed for commercially available animal cell-derived MuIL-12. These studies indicate that plants produce fully functional MuIL-12 at levels compatible with commercial production and may serve as an effective bioproduction platform for bioactive IL-12s from other species for human or veterinary vaccine and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyun Liu
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72467, USA
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van den Berg T, Lambrecht B, Marché S, Steensels M, Van Borm S, Bublot M. Influenza vaccines and vaccination strategies in birds. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2008; 31:121-65. [PMID: 17889937 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2007.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although it is well accepted that the present Asian H5N1 panzootic is predominantly an animal health problem, the human health implications and the risk of human pandemic have highlighted the need for more information and collaboration in the field of veterinary and human health. H5 and H7 avian influenza (AI) viruses have the unique property of becoming highly pathogenic (HPAI) during circulation in poultry. Therefore, the final objective of poultry vaccination against AI must be eradication of the virus and the disease. Actually, important differences exist in the control of avian and human influenza viruses. Firstly, unlike human vaccines that must be adapted to the circulating strain to provide adequate protection, avian influenza vaccination provides broader protection against HPAI viruses. Secondly, although clinical protection is the primary goal of human vaccines, poultry vaccination must also stop transmission to achieve efficient control of the disease. This paper addresses these differences by reviewing the current and future influenza vaccines and vaccination strategies in birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry van den Berg
- Avian Virology & Immunology, Veterinary & Agrochemical Research Centre, 99 Groeselenberg, 1180 Brussels, Belgium.
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Phase I trial of an alhydrogel adjuvanted hepatitis B core virus-like particle containing epitopes of Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein. PLoS One 2008; 3:e1556. [PMID: 18253503 PMCID: PMC2216688 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2007] [Accepted: 01/15/2008] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The objectives of this non-randomized, non-blinded, dose-escalating Phase I clinical trial were to assess the safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity of ICC-1132 formulated with Alhydrogel (aluminum hydroxide) in 51 healthy, malaria-naive adults aged 18 to 45 years. ICC-1132 (Malariavax) is a recombinant, virus-like particle malaria vaccine comprised of hepatitis core antigen engineered to express the central repeat regions from Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein containing an immunodominant B [(NANP)(3)] epitope, an HLA-restricted CD4 (NANPNVDPNANP) epitope and a universal T cell epitope (T*) (amino acids 326-345, NF54 isolate). We assessed an Alhydrogel (aluminum hydroxide)-adjuvanted vaccine formulation at three ICC-1132 dose levels, each injected intramuscularly (1.0 mL) on study days 0, 56 and 168. A saline vaccine formulation was found to be unstable after prolonged storage and this formulation was subsequently removed from the study. Thirty-two volunteers were followed for one year. Local and systemic adverse clinical events were measured and immune responses to P. falciparum and hepatitis B virus core antigens were determined utilizing the following assays: IgG and IgM ELISA, indirect immunofluorescence against P. falciparum sporozoites, circumsporozoite precipitin (CSP) and transgenic sporozoite neutralization assays. Cellular responses were measured by proliferation and IL-2 assays. Local and systemic reactions were similarly mild and well tolerated between dose cohorts. Depending on the ICC-1132 vaccine concentration, 95 to 100% of volunteers developed antibody responses to the ICC-1132 immunogen and HBc after two injections; however, only 29-75% and 29-63% of volunteers, respectively, developed malaria-specific responses measured by the malaria repeat synthetic peptide ELISA and IFA; 2 of 8 volunteers had positive reactions in the CSP assay. Maximal transgenic sporozoite neutralization assay inhibition was 54%. Forty-seven to seventy-five percent demonstrated T cell proliferation in response to ICC-1132 or to recombinant circumsporozoite protein (rCS) NF-54 isolate. This candidate malaria vaccine was well tolerated, but the vaccine formulation was poorly immunogenic. The vaccine may benefit from a more powerful adjuvant to improve immunogenicity. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00587249.
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Negrete A, Esteban G, Kotin RM. Process optimization of large-scale production of recombinant adeno-associated vectors using dielectric spectroscopy. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 76:761-72. [PMID: 17680241 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-007-1030-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2007] [Revised: 04/28/2007] [Accepted: 05/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A well-characterized manufacturing process for the large-scale production of recombinant adeno-associated vectors (rAAV) for gene therapy applications is required to meet current and future demands for pre-clinical and clinical studies and potential commercialization. Economic considerations argue in favor of suspension culture-based production. Currently, the only feasible method for large-scale rAAV production utilizes baculovirus expression vectors and insect cells in suspension cultures. To maximize yields and achieve reproducibility between batches, online monitoring of various metabolic and physical parameters is useful for characterizing early stages of baculovirus-infected insect cells. In this study, rAAVs were produced at 40-l scale yielding ~1 x 10(15) particles. During the process, dielectric spectroscopy was performed by real time scanning in radio frequencies between 300 kHz and 10 MHz. The corresponding permittivity values were correlated with the rAAV production. Both infected and uninfected reached a maximum value; however, only infected cell cultures permittivity profile reached a second maximum value. This effect was correlated with the optimal harvest time for rAAV production. Analysis of rAAV indicated the harvesting time around 48 h post-infection (hpi), and 72 hpi produced similar quantities of biologically active rAAV. Thus, if operated continuously, the 24-h reduction in the production process of rAAV gives sufficient time for additional 18 runs a year corresponding to an extra production of ~2 x 10(16) particles. As part of large-scale optimization studies, this new finding will facilitate the bioprocessing scale-up of rAAV and other bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Negrete
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, US National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, NIH, Building 10, Room 7D05, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Negrete A, Kotin RM. Production of recombinant adeno-associated vectors using two bioreactor configurations at different scales. J Virol Methods 2007; 145:155-61. [PMID: 17606302 PMCID: PMC2080829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2007.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2007] [Revised: 05/17/2007] [Accepted: 05/21/2007] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The conventional methods for producing recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) rely on transient transfection of adherent mammalian cells. To gain acceptance and achieve current good manufacturing process (cGMP) compliance, clinical grade rAAV production process should have the following qualities: simplicity, consistency, cost effectiveness, and scalability. Currently, the only viable method for producing rAAV in large-scale, e.g. > or =10(16) particles per production run, utilizes baculovirus expression vectors (BEVs) and insect cells suspension cultures. The previously described rAAV production in 40 L culture using a stirred tank bioreactor requires special conditions for implementation and operation not available in all laboratories. Alternatives to producing rAAV in stirred tank bioreactors are single-use, disposable bioreactors, e.g. Wave. The disposable bags are purchased pre-sterilized thereby eliminating the need for end-user sterilization and also avoiding cleaning steps between production runs thus facilitating the production process. In this study, rAAV production in stirred tank and Wave bioreactors was compared. The working volumes were 10 L and 40 L for the stirred tank bioreactors and 5 L and 20 L for the Wave bioreactors. Comparable yields of rAAV, approximately 2E+13 particles per liter of cell culture were obtained in all volumes and configurations. These results demonstrate that producing rAAV in large scale using BEVs is reproducible, scalable, and independent of the bioreactor configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Negrete
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Bright RA, Carter DM, Daniluk S, Toapanta FR, Ahmad A, Gavrilov V, Massare M, Pushko P, Mytle N, Rowe T, Smith G, Ross TM. Influenza virus-like particles elicit broader immune responses than whole virion inactivated influenza virus or recombinant hemagglutinin. Vaccine 2007; 25:3871-8. [PMID: 17337102 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.01.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2006] [Revised: 01/15/2007] [Accepted: 01/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Influenza virus is a highly infectious respiratory pathogen that results in severe morbidity and mortality. The current licensed trivalent vaccine formulations in the U.S. are made from virus grown in allantoic fluid from infected hen eggs that is then chemically inactivated and split into subunit components. These vaccines elicit antibodies, primarily to the viral hemagglutinin (HA), which are efficacious in healthy adults, but are limited in protecting high risk individuals, such as the elderly and immunocompromised. To address the need for improved influenza vaccines and the limitations of egg-based manufacturing, we have engineered an influenza virus-like particle (VLP) as a new generation of non-egg or non-mammalian cell culture-based candidate vaccine against influenza infection. VLPs, based on the A/Fujian/411/2002 (H3N2) isolate, were purified from the supernatants of Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 insect cells following infection of baculovirus vectors encoding an expression cassette comprised of only three influenza virus structural proteins, hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), and matrix (M1). Mice or ferrets were vaccinated intramuscularly with VLPs in a dose sparing experiment, based on HA concentration (3 microg-24 ng), and the immune responses were compared to responses elicited in animals vaccinated with recombinant HA (rHA) or inactivated whole influenza virions (WIV). All vaccinated animals had high titer anti-HA antibodies regardless of the vaccine immunogen and animals vaccinated with the highest doses of VLPs (3 microg and 600 ng) also had antibodies against NA. Purified rHA elicited primarily IgG1 antibodies, which is indicative of a T helper (Th) type 2 response, whereas mice vaccinated with the VLPs or WIV were associated with a dominant Th1 immune response (IgG2a and IgG2b). Interestingly, VLPs elicited antibodies that recognized a broader panel of antigenically distinct H3N2 viral isolates compared to rHA or WIV in a hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) assay.
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Abstract
The global emergence of virulent avian influenza and the concomitant raised threat of an influenza pandemic has increased interest in the development of improved influenza vaccines. Whereas conventional influenza vaccines are delivered by parenteral injection, an intranasal influenza vaccine has been marketed since 2003. Many other technologies are in development for intranasal, oral, epidermal and topical influenza vaccines. This editorial summarises the advances in clinical development of technologies for needle-free influenza vaccine delivery.
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Abstract
The baculovirus-insect cell expression system is an approved system for the production of viral antigens with vaccine potential for humans and animals and has been used for production of subunit vaccines against parasitic diseases as well. Many candidate subunit vaccines have been expressed in this system and immunization commonly led to protective immunity against pathogen challenge. The first vaccines produced in insect cells for animal use are now on the market. This chapter deals with the tailoring of the baculovirus-insect cell expression system for vaccine production in terms of expression levels, integrity and immunogenicity of recombinant proteins, and baculovirus genome stability. Various expression strategies are discussed including chimeric, virus-like particles, baculovirus display of foreign antigens on budded virions or in occlusion bodies, and specialized baculovirus vectors with mammalian promoters that express the antigen in the immunized individual. A historical overview shows the wide variety of viral (glyco)proteins that have successfully been expressed in this system for vaccine purposes. The potential of this expression system for antiparasite vaccines is illustrated. The combination of subunit vaccines and marker tests, both based on antigens expressed in insect cells, provides a powerful tool to combat disease and to monitor infectious agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique M van Oers
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University, Binnenhaven 11 6709 PD, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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