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Teboul L, Amos-Landgraf J, Benavides FJ, Birling MC, Brown SDM, Bryda E, Bunton-Stasyshyn R, Chin HJ, Crispo M, Delerue F, Dobbie M, Franklin CL, Fuchtbauer EM, Gao X, Golzio C, Haffner R, Hérault Y, Hrabe de Angelis M, Lloyd KCK, Magnuson TR, Montoliu L, Murray SA, Nam KH, Nutter LMJ, Pailhoux E, Pardo Manuel de Villena F, Peterson K, Reinholdt L, Sedlacek R, Seong JK, Shiroishi T, Smith C, Takeo T, Tinsley L, Vilotte JL, Warming S, Wells S, Whitelaw CB, Yoshiki A, Pavlovic G. Improving laboratory animal genetic reporting: LAG-R guidelines. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5574. [PMID: 38956430 PMCID: PMC11220107 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49439-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The biomedical research community addresses reproducibility challenges in animal studies through standardized nomenclature, improved experimental design, transparent reporting, data sharing, and centralized repositories. The ARRIVE guidelines outline documentation standards for laboratory animals in experiments, but genetic information is often incomplete. To remedy this, we propose the Laboratory Animal Genetic Reporting (LAG-R) framework. LAG-R aims to document animals' genetic makeup in scientific publications, providing essential details for replication and appropriate model use. While verifying complete genetic compositions may be impractical, better reporting and validation efforts enhance reliability of research. LAG-R standardization will bolster reproducibility, peer review, and overall scientific rigor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Teboul
- The Mary Lyon Centre at MRC Harwell, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0RD, Oxon, UK.
| | - James Amos-Landgraf
- University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
- University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
- Rat Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Fernando J Benavides
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marie-Christine Birling
- PHENOMIN-Institut Clinique de la Souris, CELPHEDIA, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Grafenstaden, 67404, Strasbourg, France
| | - Steve D M Brown
- Visiting Scientist, Institut Clinique de la Souris, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Grafenstaden, 67404, Strasbourg, France
| | - Elizabeth Bryda
- Rat Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | | | - Hsian-Jean Chin
- National Laboratory Animal Center (NLAC), NARLabs, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Martina Crispo
- Laboratory Animal Biotechnology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, CP 1400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Fabien Delerue
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Dobbie
- Phenomics Australia, Australian National University, 131 Garran Road, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Craig L Franklin
- University of Missouri Mutant Mouse Resource and Research Center (MU MMRRC), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | | | - Xiang Gao
- National Resource Center of Mutant Mice (NRCMM), Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Christelle Golzio
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Inserm, IGBMC UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, F-67400, Illkirch, France
| | - Rebecca Haffner
- Department Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yann Hérault
- PHENOMIN-Institut Clinique de la Souris, CELPHEDIA, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Grafenstaden, 67404, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Inserm, IGBMC UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, F-67400, Illkirch, France
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstaedter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 8, 85354, Freising, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Terry R Magnuson
- Department of Genetics, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7264, USA
| | - Lluis Montoliu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER-ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ki-Hoan Nam
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Lauryl M J Nutter
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children and The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - Eric Pailhoux
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Fernando Pardo Manuel de Villena
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | | | | | - Radislav Sedlacek
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, and Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Cynthia Smith
- Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI), Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Toru Takeo
- Center for Animal Resources and Development (CARD), Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Louise Tinsley
- The Mary Lyon Centre at MRC Harwell, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0RD, Oxon, UK
| | - Jean-Luc Vilotte
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Søren Warming
- Genentech, Inc., a member of the Roche group, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sara Wells
- The Mary Lyon Centre at MRC Harwell, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0RD, Oxon, UK
- Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - C Bruce Whitelaw
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Atsushi Yoshiki
- Experimental Animal Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Guillaume Pavlovic
- PHENOMIN-Institut Clinique de la Souris, CELPHEDIA, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Grafenstaden, 67404, Strasbourg, France.
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2
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Feierstein CE, de Goeij MHM, Ostrovsky AD, Laborde A, Portugues R, Orger MB, Machens CK. Dimensionality reduction reveals separate translation and rotation populations in the zebrafish hindbrain. Curr Biol 2023; 33:3911-3925.e6. [PMID: 37689065 PMCID: PMC10524920 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
In many brain areas, neuronal activity is associated with a variety of behavioral and environmental variables. In particular, neuronal responses in the zebrafish hindbrain relate to oculomotor and swimming variables as well as sensory information. However, the precise functional organization of the neurons has been difficult to unravel because neuronal responses are heterogeneous. Here, we used dimensionality reduction methods on neuronal population data to reveal the role of the hindbrain in visually driven oculomotor behavior and swimming. We imaged neuronal activity in zebrafish expressing GCaMP6s in the nucleus of almost all neurons while monitoring the behavioral response to gratings that rotated with different speeds. We then used reduced-rank regression, a method that condenses the sensory and motor variables into a smaller number of "features," to predict the fluorescence traces of all ROIs (regions of interest). Despite the potential complexity of the visuo-motor transformation, our analysis revealed that a large fraction of the population activity can be explained by only two features. Based on the contribution of these features to each ROI's activity, ROIs formed three clusters. One cluster was related to vergent movements and swimming, whereas the other two clusters related to leftward and rightward rotation. Voxels corresponding to these clusters were segregated anatomically, with leftward and rightward rotation clusters located selectively to the left and right hemispheres, respectively. Just as described in many cortical areas, our analysis revealed that single-neuron complexity co-exists with a simpler population-level description, thereby providing insights into the organization of visuo-motor transformations in the hindbrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia E Feierstein
- Champalimaud Neuroscience Programme, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon 1400-038, Portugal.
| | - Michelle H M de Goeij
- Champalimaud Neuroscience Programme, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon 1400-038, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CG, the Netherlands; Pfizer BV, Capelle aan den Ijssel 2909 LD, the Netherlands
| | - Aaron D Ostrovsky
- Champalimaud Neuroscience Programme, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon 1400-038, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Laborde
- Champalimaud Neuroscience Programme, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon 1400-038, Portugal
| | - Ruben Portugues
- Institute of Neuroscience, Technical University, Munich 80802, Germany; Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Michael B Orger
- Champalimaud Neuroscience Programme, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon 1400-038, Portugal.
| | - Christian K Machens
- Champalimaud Neuroscience Programme, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon 1400-038, Portugal.
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Rice MC, Elde NC, Gagnon JA, Balla KM. Microbe transmission from pet shop to lab-reared zebrafish reveals a pathogenic birnavirus. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.28.555169. [PMID: 37693489 PMCID: PMC10491165 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.28.555169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish are popular research organisms selected for laboratory use due in part to widespread availability from the pet trade. Many contemporary colonies of laboratory zebrafish are maintained in aquaculture facilities that monitor and aim to curb infections that can negatively affect colony health and confound experiments. The impact of laboratory control on the microbial constituents associated with zebrafish in research environments compared to the pet trade are unclear. Diseases of unknown causes are common in both environments. We conducted a metagenomic survey to broadly compare the zebrafish-associated microbes in pet trade and laboratory environments. We detected many microbes in animals from the pet trade that were not found in laboratory animals. Co-housing experiments revealed several transmissible microbes including a newly described non-enveloped, double-stranded RNA virus in the Birnaviridae family we name Rocky Mountain birnavirus (RMBV). Infections were detected in asymptomatic animals from the pet trade, but when transmitted to laboratory animals RMBV was associated with pronounced antiviral responses and hemorrhagic disease. These experiments highlight the pet trade as a distinct source of diverse microbes that associate with zebrafish and establish a paradigm for the discovery of newly described pathogenic viruses and other infectious microbes that can be developed for study in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlen C. Rice
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - Nels C. Elde
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815 USA
| | - James A. Gagnon
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - Keir M. Balla
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
- Current Address: Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
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4
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Romero-Ferrero F, Heras FJH, Rance D, de Polavieja GG. A study of transfer of information in animal collectives using deep learning tools. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220073. [PMID: 36802786 PMCID: PMC9939271 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied how the interactions among animals in a collective allow for the transfer of information. We performed laboratory experiments to study how zebrafish in a collective follow a subset of trained animals that move towards a light when it turns on because they expect food at that location. We built some deep learning tools to distinguish from video which are the trained and the naïve animals and to detect when each animal reacts to the light turning on. These tools gave us the data to build a model of interactions that we designed to have a balance between transparency and accuracy. The model finds a low-dimensional function that describes how a naïve animal weights neighbours depending on focal and neighbour variables. According to this low-dimensional function, neighbour speed plays an important role in the interactions. Specifically, a naïve animal weights more a neighbour in front than to the sides or behind, and more so the faster the neighbour is moving; and if the neighbour moves fast enough, the differences coming from the neighbour's relative position largely disappear. From the lens of decision-making, neighbour speed acts as confidence measure about where to go. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Collective behaviour through time'.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dean Rance
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Foundation, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
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5
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Poudel S, Martins G, Cancela ML, Gavaia PJ. Regular Supplementation with Antioxidants Rescues Doxorubicin-Induced Bone Deformities and Mineralization Delay in Zebrafish. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14234959. [PMID: 36500990 PMCID: PMC9739841 DOI: 10.3390/nu14234959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is characterized by an abnormal bone structure with low bone mass and degradation of microarchitecture. Oxidative stress induces imbalances in osteoblast and osteoclast activity, leading to bone degradation, a primary cause of secondary osteoporosis. Doxorubicin (DOX) is a widely used chemotherapy drug for treating cancer, known to induce secondary osteoporosis. The mechanism underlying DOX-induced bone loss is still not fully understood, but one of the relevant mechanisms is through a massive accumulation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (i.e., ROS and NOS) leading to oxidative stress. We investigated the effects of antioxidants Resveratrol and MitoTEMPO on DOX-induced bone impairment using the zebrafish model. DOX was shown to increase mortality, promote skeletal deformities, induce alterations on intestinal villi, impair growth and mineralization and significantly downregulate osteoblast differentiation markers osteocalcin 2 and osterix/sp7. Lipid peroxidation was significantly increased in DOX-supplemented groups as compared to control and antioxidants, suggesting ROS formation as one of the key factors for DOX-induced bone loss. Furthermore, DOX affected mineral contents, suggesting an altered mineral metabolism. However, upon supplementation with antioxidants, DOX-induced effects on mineral content were rescued. Our data show that supplementation with antioxidants effectively improves the overall growth and mineralization in zebrafish and counteracts DOX-induced bone anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Poudel
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- PhD Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Gil Martins
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- PhD Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - M. Leonor Cancela
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Paulo J. Gavaia
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-289-800-900 or +351-289-800-057 (ext. 7057); Fax: +351-289-800-069
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Mendoza G, Afolalu AA, Lertpiriyapong K, Lipman NS, Lieggi C. Evaluation of Media Conductivity and a Combination of Iodine and Sodium Hypochlorite Surface Disinfection on Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) Embryo Viability and Morphology. Zebrafish 2022; 19:190-199. [PMID: 36206234 PMCID: PMC9595623 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2022.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryo surface disinfection in either an iodine or sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution is commonly performed on imported zebrafish embryos to decrease pathogen introduction into a facility. The impact of the consecutive use of these disinfectants and the conductivity of the culture media on embryo survival and development post-disinfection have not been evaluated. Iodine (12.5-25 ppm) is effective at eliminating several Mycobacterium species, whereas NaOCl (50-100 ppm) reduces the number of viable Pseudoloma neurophilia spores. Casper and T5D (tropical 5D wild type) embryos reared in media of differing conductivities (0-10, 100-200, 750-950, and 1500-2000 μS) with and without exposure to NaOCl 100 ppm at 6 h post-fertilization were evaluated for survival, hatching success, and morphological defects at 5 days post-fertilization. Additionally, the consecutive use of iodine (12.5 ppm for 2 min) followed by NaOCl (75 or 100 ppm for 10 min), as well as the inverse, was evaluated. Embryo survival was not impacted by embryo rearing media alone; however, survival significantly decreased when embryos were disinfected with 100 ppm NaOCl in media with a conductivity >750-950 μS. Iodine (12 ppm) and NaOCl (75 ppm) used sequentially resulted in >50% survival, whereas the use of 100 ppm NaOCl resulted in high levels of embryo mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Mendoza
- Tri-Institutional Training Program in Laboratory Animal Medicine and Science, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, and The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
- Center of Comparative Medicine and Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Adedeji A. Afolalu
- Tri-Institutional Training Program in Laboratory Animal Medicine and Science, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, and The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
- Center of Comparative Medicine and Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kvin Lertpiriyapong
- Tri-Institutional Training Program in Laboratory Animal Medicine and Science, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, and The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
- Center of Comparative Medicine and Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Neil S. Lipman
- Tri-Institutional Training Program in Laboratory Animal Medicine and Science, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, and The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
- Center of Comparative Medicine and Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christine Lieggi
- Tri-Institutional Training Program in Laboratory Animal Medicine and Science, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, and The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
- Center of Comparative Medicine and Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Canedo A, Saiki P, Santos AL, Carneiro KDS, Souza AMD, Qualhato G, Brito RDS, Mello-Andrade F, Rocha TL. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) meets bioethics: the 10Rs ethical principles in research. CIÊNCIA ANIMAL BRASILEIRA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-6891v22e-70884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a tropical fish species widely used in research, worldwide. The development of genetically modified animals and the increasing number of zebrafish breeding facilities due to their emerging use in several research fields, opened room for new ethical challenges for research carried out with this species. It is necessary to raise the scientific community’s awareness of the ethical standards and laws in force, on animal research. Thus, the aim of the current study is to describe 10 Rs ethical principles by using zebrafish as model system in research. The classical 3 Rs concerning animal welfare, namely replacement, reduction and refinement; and the added 7 Rs related to scientific (registration, reporting, robustness, reproducibility and relevance) and conduct principles (responsibility, and respect) in zebrafish research are herein presented and critically discussed. The use of these 10 Rs by researchers, institutions and the Animal Ethics Committee is recommended to support regulations, decision-making about and the promotion of zebrafish health and welfare in research.
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Rebelo D, Correia AT, Nunes B. Acute and chronic effects of environmental realistic concentrations of simvastatin in danio rerio: evidences of oxidative alterations and endocrine disruptive activity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 81:103522. [PMID: 33144098 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to their wide use, pharmaceuticals can be discarded, metabolized and excreted into the environment, potentially affecting aquatic organisms. Lipid-regulating drugs are among the most prescribed medications around the world, to control human cholesterol levels, in more than 20 million patients. Despite this massive use of lipid-regulating drugs, particularly simvastatin, the role of these drugs is not fully characterized and understood in terms of its potential toxicological effects at the environmental level. This work intended to characterize the toxicity of an acute (120 h post-fertilization) and chronic (60 days) exposure to the antihyperlipidemic drug simvastatin (in concentrations of 92.45, 184.9, 369.8, 739.6 and 1479.2 ng L-1), in the freshwater species zebrafish (Danio rerio). The concentrations hereby mentioned were implemented in both exposures, and were based on levels found in wastewater treatment plant influents (11.7 ± 3.2 μg L-1), effluents (2.65 ± 0.8 μg L-1) and Apies River (1.585 ± 0.3 μg L-1), located in Pretoria, South Africa and, particularly in the maximum levels found in effluents from wastewater treatment plants in Portugal (369.8 ng L-1). The acute effects were analysed focusing on behavioural endpoints (erratic and purposeful swimming), total distance travelled and swimming time), biomarkers of oxidative stress (the activities of the enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase), biotransformation (the activity of glutathione S-transferases) and lipid peroxidation (levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances). Animals chronically exposed were also histologically analysed for sex determination and gonadal developmental stages identification. In terms of acute exposure, significant alterations were reported in terms of behavioural alterations (hyperactivity), followed by a general reduction in all tested biomarkers. Also, the analysis of chronically exposed fish evidenced no alterations in sex ratio and maturation stages. In addition, the analysis of chronically exposed fish evidenced no alterations in terms of sexual characteristics, suggesting that the chronic exposure of Danio rerio to simvastatin does not alter the sex ratio and maturation stages of individuals. This assumption suggests that simvastatin did not act as an endocrine disruptor. Moreover, the metabolism, neuronal interactions and the antioxidant properties of SIM seem to have modulated the hereby-mentioned results of toxicity. Results from this assay allow inferring that simvastatin can have an ecologically relevant impact in living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rebelo
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A T Correia
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4550-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa (UFP), Rua Carlos da Maia 296, 4200-150, Porto, Portugal
| | - B Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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9
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Rebelo D, Correia AT, Nunes B. Acute and chronic effects of environmental realistic concentrations of clofibric acid in Danio rerio: Behaviour, oxidative stress, biotransformation and lipid peroxidation endpoints. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 80:103468. [PMID: 32805388 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to their widespread use, pharmaceuticals can be metabolized, excreted and ultimately discarded in the environment, thereby affecting aquatic organisms. Lipid-regulating drugs are among the most prescribed medications around the world, controlling human cholesterol levels, in more than 20 million patients. Despite this growing use of lipid-regulating drugs, particularly those whose active metabolite is clofibric acid, the potential toxicological effects of these pharmaceuticals in the environment is not fully characterized. This work intended to characterize the toxicity of an acute (120 hours post-fertilization) and chronic (60 days post-fertilization) exposures to clofibric acid in concentrations of 10.35, 20.7, 41.4, 82.8, and 165.6 μg L-1 in zebrafish (Danio rerio). The concentrations which were implemented in both exposures were based on predicted environmental concentrations for Portuguese surface waters. The acute effects were analysed focusing on behavioural endpoints (small and large distance travelled, swimming time and total distance travelled), biomarkers of oxidative stress (activity of the enzymes superoxide dismutase, Cu/Zn- and Mn SOD; catalase, CAT; glutathione peroxidase, Se- and total GPx), biotransformation (activity of glutathione S-transferases, GSTs) and lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS). Chronically exposed individuals were also histologically analysed for sex determination and gonadal developmental stages. In terms of acute exposure, significant alterations were reported, in terms of behavioural alterations (hypoactivity), followed by an overall increase in all tested biomarkers. Chronically exposed organisms did not show alterations in terms of sex ratio and maturation stages, suggesting that clofibric acid did not act as an endocrine disruptor. Moreover, the metabolism of clofibric acid resulted in increased levels of both forms of SOD activity, especially for animals exposed to higher levels of this drug. An increase of CAT activity was observed in fish exposed to low levels, and a decrease in those exposed to higher amounts of clofibric acid. Both GPx forms had their activities increased. The enzyme of biotransformation GSTs were increased at low levels of clofibric acid but inhibited at higher amounts of this substance. Lipid peroxidation levels were also changed, with an induction of this parameter with increasing amounts of clofibric acid. Changes also occurred in behavioural endpoints and patterns for control organisms and for those exposed to clofibric acid were significantly distinct, for all types (light and darkness) of exposure, and for the two analysed endpoints (small and large distance). Results from this assay allow inferring that clofibric acid can have an ecologically relevant impact in living organisms exposed to this substance, with putative effects on the metabolism of individuals, affecting their behaviour and ultimately their survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rebelo
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A T Correia
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos SN, 4550-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa (UFP), Rua Carlos da Maia 296, 4200-150, Porto, Portugal
| | - B Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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10
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Groneberg AH, Marques JC, Martins AL, Diez Del Corral R, de Polavieja GG, Orger MB. Early-Life Social Experience Shapes Social Avoidance Reactions in Larval Zebrafish. Curr Biol 2020; 30:4009-4021.e4. [PMID: 32888479 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.07.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Social experiences greatly define subsequent social behavior. Lack of such experiences, especially during critical phases of development, can severely impede the ability to behave adequately in social contexts. To date, it is not well characterized how early-life social isolation leads to social deficits and impacts development. In many model species, it is challenging to fully control social experiences, because they depend on parental care. Moreover, complex social behaviors involve multiple sensory modalities, contexts, and actions. Hence, when studying social isolation effects, it is important to parse apart social deficits from general developmental effects, such as abnormal motor learning. Here, we characterized how social experiences during early development of zebrafish larvae modulate their social behavior at 1 week of age, when social avoidance reactions can be measured as discrete swim events. We show that raising larvae in social isolation leads to enhanced social avoidance, in terms of the distance at which larvae react to one another and the strength of swim movement they use. Specifically, larvae raised in isolation use a high-acceleration escape swim, the short latency C-start, more frequently during social interactions. These behavioral differences are absent in non-social contexts. By ablating the lateral line and presenting the fish with local water vibrations, we show that lateral line inputs are both necessary and sufficient to drive enhanced social avoidance reactions. Taken together, our results show that social experience during development is a critical factor in shaping mechanosensory avoidance reactions in larval zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia H Groneberg
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João C Marques
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - A Lucas Martins
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ruth Diez Del Corral
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Michael B Orger
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal.
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11
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Kent M, Sanders J, Spagnoli S, Al-Samarrie C, Murray K. Review of diseases and health management in zebrafish Danio rerio (Hamilton 1822) in research facilities. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2020; 43:637-650. [PMID: 32291793 PMCID: PMC7253333 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The use of zebrafish (Danio rerio) in biomedical research has expanded at a tremendous rate over the last two decades. Along with increases in laboratories using this model, we are discovering new and important diseases. We review here the important pathogens and diseases based on some 20 years of research and findings from our diagnostic service at the NIH-funded Zebrafish International Resource Center. Descriptions of the present status of biosecurity programmes and diagnostic and treatment approaches are included. The most common and important diseases and pathogens are two parasites, Pseudoloma neurophilia and Pseudocapillaria tomentosa, and mycobacteriosis caused by Mycobacterium chelonae, M. marinum and M. haemophilum. Less common but deadly diseases are caused by Edwardsiella ictaluri and infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV). Hepatic megalocytosis and egg-associated inflammation and fibroplasia are common, apparently non-infectious, in zebrafish laboratories. Water quality diseases include supersaturation and nephrocalcinosis. Common neoplasms are spindle cell sarcomas, ultimobranchial tumours, spermatocytic seminomas and a small-cell carcinoma that is caused by a transmissible agent. Despite the clear biosecurity risk, researchers continue to use fish from pet stores, and here, we document two novel coccidia associated with significant lesions in zebrafish from one of these stores.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.L Kent
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - J.L. Sanders
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - S. Spagnoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - C.E. Al-Samarrie
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - K.N. Murray
- Zebrafish International Resource Center, Eugene, Oregon 97403
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12
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Kent ML, Sanders JL, Spagnoli S, Al-Samarrie CE, Murray KN. Review of diseases and health management in zebrafish Danio rerio (Hamilton 1822) in research facilities. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2020; 43:637-650. [PMID: 32291793 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13165j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The use of zebrafish (Danio rerio) in biomedical research has expanded at a tremendous rate over the last two decades. Along with increases in laboratories using this model, we are discovering new and important diseases. We review here the important pathogens and diseases based on some 20 years of research and findings from our diagnostic service at the NIH-funded Zebrafish International Resource Center. Descriptions of the present status of biosecurity programmes and diagnostic and treatment approaches are included. The most common and important diseases and pathogens are two parasites, Pseudoloma neurophilia and Pseudocapillaria tomentosa, and mycobacteriosis caused by Mycobacterium chelonae, M. marinum and M. haemophilum. Less common but deadly diseases are caused by Edwardsiella ictaluri and infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV). Hepatic megalocytosis and egg-associated inflammation and fibroplasia are common, apparently non-infectious, in zebrafish laboratories. Water quality diseases include supersaturation and nephrocalcinosis. Common neoplasms are spindle cell sarcomas, ultimobranchial tumours, spermatocytic seminomas and a small-cell carcinoma that is caused by a transmissible agent. Despite the clear biosecurity risk, researchers continue to use fish from pet stores, and here, we document two novel coccidia associated with significant lesions in zebrafish from one of these stores.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Kent
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - J L Sanders
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - S Spagnoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - C E Al-Samarrie
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - K N Murray
- Zebrafish International Resource Center, Eugene, Oregon
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13
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Tarasco M, Martins G, Gavaia PJ, Bebianno MJ, Cancela ML, Laizé V. ZEB316: A Small Stand-Alone Housing System to Study Microplastics in Small Teleosts. Zebrafish 2020; 17:18-26. [PMID: 31994994 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2019.1801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many anthropogenic chemicals and plastic debris end up in the aquatic ecosystem worldwide, representing a major concern for the environment and human health. Small teleosts, such as zebrafish (Danio rerio) and Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes), offer significant advantages over classical animal models and are currently used as first-line organisms to assess environmental risks associated with many aquatic toxicants. Toxicological studies require the use of inert materials and controlled conditions. Yet, none of the available commercialized systems is adequate to assess the toxic effect of microplastics, because they contain components made of plastic polymers that may release micrometric plastic particles, leach manufacturing compounds, or adsorb chemicals. The ZEB316 stand-alone housing system presented in this study is meant to be a cost-effective and easy-to-built solution to perform state-of-the-art toxicological studies. It is built with inert and corrosion-resistant materials and provides good housing conditions through efficient recirculation and filtration systems. Assessment of water parameters and fish growth performance showed that the ZEB316 provides housing conditions comparable to those available from commercial housing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tarasco
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Gil Martins
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Gavaia
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine (DCBM), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Maria J Bebianno
- Centre for Marine and Environmental Research (CIMA), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - M Leonor Cancela
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine (DCBM), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Algarve Biomedical Centre (ABC) and Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Vincent Laizé
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
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14
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Sanders JL, Monteiro JF, Martins S, Certal AC, Kent ML. The Impact of Pseudoloma neurophilia Infection on Body Condition of Zebrafish. Zebrafish 2020; 17:139-146. [PMID: 31971888 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2019.1812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish is a widely used animal model in biomedical research. Despite this, pathogens continue to be common in laboratory zebrafish. It is important to determine and describe the pathophysiology of cryptic infections on zebrafish to elucidate the impacts on experimental endpoints. Body condition is a basic measurement used experimentally and in health monitoring of animals. We exposed three wild-type zebrafish strains: AB, WIK, and 5D to Pseudoloma neurophilia. After 8 weeks postexposure, we individually imaged and processed fish for histology. Morphometric analysis was performed on images and an index of body condition was calculated based on the ratio of length/width from the dorsal aspect. Histological sections from each fish were examined to establish sex, severity of infection, and tissue distribution. We observed a significant decrease in body condition in female fish that was not observed in males. In addition, we observed a negative correlation between the total gonadal area of P. neurophilia exposed females and unexposed controls. These results illustrate the sex-specific impacts of a common chronic pathogen on zebrafish health and a commonly used experimental endpoint, further supporting the establishment of rigorous health monitoring programs in laboratory zebrafish colonies that include screening for chronic infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin L Sanders
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Joana F Monteiro
- Fish Platform, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sandra Martins
- Division of Aquaculture and Seafood Upgrading (DivAV), Portuguese Institute of Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, I.P.), Lisboa, Portugal.,MARE-Marine Environmental Sciences Centre & Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Cascais, Portugal
| | | | - Michael L Kent
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon.,Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
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15
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Heras FJH, Romero-Ferrero F, Hinz RC, de Polavieja GG. Deep attention networks reveal the rules of collective motion in zebrafish. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1007354. [PMID: 31518357 PMCID: PMC6760814 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of simple models has been proposed to understand the collective motion of animals. These models can be insightful but may lack important elements necessary to predict the motion of each individual in the collective. Adding more detail increases predictability but can make models too complex to be insightful. Here we report that deep attention networks can obtain a model of collective behavior that is simultaneously predictive and insightful thanks to an organization in modules. When using simulated trajectories, the model recovers the ground-truth interaction rule used to generate them, as well as the number of interacting neighbours. For experimental trajectories of large groups of 60-100 zebrafish, Danio rerio, the model obtains that interactions between pairs can approximately be described as repulsive, attractive or as alignment, but only when moving slowly. At high velocities, interactions correspond only to alignment or alignment mixed with repulsion at close distances. The model also shows that each zebrafish decides where to move by aggregating information from the group as a weighted average over neighbours. Weights are higher for neighbours that are close, in a collision path or moving faster in frontal and lateral locations. The network also extracts that the number of interacting individuals is dynamical and typically in the range 8–22, with 1–10 more important ones. Our results suggest that each animal decides by dynamically selecting information from the collective. Simple models have traditionally been very successful, because they usually provide more insight than complicated models. This is particularly true in physics, where simple models can often give highly precise quantitative predictions. However, biology is fundamentally complex and thus it is difficult to find simple models that give precise predictions. To create models that are both precise and insightful, we propose to harness the power of deep neural networks but to confine them into modules with a low number of inputs and outputs. We trained one such model to predict the future turning side of a fish in a collective. By plotting the different modules we obtain insight about how fish interact and how they aggregate information from different neighbours. This aggregation is dynamical and shows that fish can interact with approximately 20 neighbours but can also focus on fewer neighbours, down to 1-2, when some move at higher speed in front or to the sides, are very close or are in a collision path.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. H. Heras
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
- * E-mail: (FJHH); (GGP)
| | | | - Robert C. Hinz
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gonzalo G. de Polavieja
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
- * E-mail: (FJHH); (GGP)
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16
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Aleström P, D'Angelo L, Midtlyng PJ, Schorderet DF, Schulte-Merker S, Sohm F, Warner S. Zebrafish: Housing and husbandry recommendations. Lab Anim 2019; 54:213-224. [PMID: 31510859 PMCID: PMC7301644 DOI: 10.1177/0023677219869037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
This article provides recommendations for the care of laboratory zebrafish (Danio rerio) as part of the further implementation of Annex A to the European Convention on the protection of vertebrate animals used for experimental and other scientific purposes, EU Commission Recommendation 2007/526/EC and the fulfilment of Article 33 of EU Directive 2010/63, both concerning the housing and care of experimental animals. The recommendations provide guidance on best practices and ranges of husbandry parameters within which zebrafish welfare, as well as reproducibility of experimental procedures, are assured. Husbandry procedures found today in zebrafish facilities are numerous. While the vast majority of these practices are perfectly acceptable in terms of zebrafish physiology and welfare, the reproducibility of experimental results could be improved by further standardisation of husbandry procedures and exchange of husbandry information between laboratories. Standardisation protocols providing ranges of husbandry parameters are likely to be more successful and appropriate than the implementation of a set of fixed guidance values neglecting the empirically successful daily routines of many facilities and will better reflect the wide range of environmental parameters that characterise the natural habitats occupied by zebrafish. A joint working group on zebrafish housing and husbandry recommendations, with members of the European Society for Fish Models in Biology and Medicine (EUFishBioMed) and of the Federation of European Laboratory Animal Science Associations (FELASA) has been given a mandate to provide guidelines based on a FELASA list of parameters, ‘Terms of Reference’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Aleström
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Livia D'Angelo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Italian Association of Laboratory Animal Sciences (AISAL); Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Paul J Midtlyng
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniel F Schorderet
- Institute for Research in Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne and Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale of Lausanne, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Schulte-Merker
- Institute for Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, WWU Münster, Faculty of Medicine, Münster, Germany.,CiM Cluster of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, Münster, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Frederic Sohm
- UMS AMAGEN, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Susan Warner
- Karolinska Institutet, Comparative Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Iaria C, Saoca C, Guerrera MC, Ciulli S, Brundo MV, Piccione G, Lanteri G. Occurrence of diseases in fish used for experimental research. Lab Anim 2019; 53:619-629. [DOI: 10.1177/0023677219830441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the occurrence of pathogens and diseases in laboratory fish over a 10-year period at the Centre for Experimental Fish Pathology of Sicily, University of Messina. This report also emphasizes the adverse effects of subclinical infections on research endpoints, as well as the importance of animal health with respect to welfare. Infections in fish used for research can alter experimental outcomes, increase the variability of data, and impede experimental reproducibility. For this purpose, 411 diseased fish of different species (out of a total of 2820 fish) that belonged to four marine species ( Dicentrarchus labrax, Sparus aurata, Argyrosomus regius and Mugil cephalus) and to four fresh water species ( Danio rerio, Carassius auratus, Xiphophorus variatus and Poecilia reticulata) were examined in this study. Our results showed that mycobacteriosis and myxosporidiosis were the most important diseases found in our research fish, and the results represent a useful tool to obtain wider knowledge on the incidence of various diseases in different fish species. Further studies in this field are necessary to improve knowledge on the state of the health of fish used for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Iaria
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Concetta Saoca
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Experimental Ichthyopathology Center of Sicily, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Guerrera
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Experimental Ichthyopathology Center of Sicily, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Sara Ciulli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Violetta Brundo
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Piccione
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Experimental Ichthyopathology Center of Sicily, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lanteri
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Experimental Ichthyopathology Center of Sicily, University of Messina, Italy
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18
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idtracker.ai: tracking all individuals in small or large collectives of unmarked animals. Nat Methods 2019; 16:179-182. [PMID: 30643215 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-018-0295-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Understanding of animal collectives is limited by the ability to track each individual. We describe an algorithm and software that extract all trajectories from video, with high identification accuracy for collectives of up to 100 individuals. idtracker.ai uses two convolutional networks: one that detects when animals touch or cross and another for animal identification. The tool is trained with a protocol that adapts to video conditions and tracking difficulty.
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19
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Kolb A, Hildebrandt F, Lawrence C. Effects of Diet and Social Housing on Reproductive Success in Adult Zebrafish, Danio rerio. Zebrafish 2018; 15:445-453. [PMID: 30102583 PMCID: PMC6198761 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2018.1599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) have proven their efficiency as an animal model for genetics and development, but their nutrition and housing requirements continue to elude researchers. Diet and housing density were predicted to affect weight change and reproductive success in 120 days postfertilization (dpf) zebrafish, and growth performance of their progeny. Fish were fed one of four diets, each utilizing a different primary protein source (fish meal [Zeigler™], algae, or insect), while being housed 3.3 or 6.6 fish/L for 3 weeks. Clutch size, viability, and larval development of their progeny were monitored out to 10 dpf. All diets were sent out for proximate nutrient analysis and fatty acid profiles to understand how diet compositions affect reproduction. We found that diet and housing proximity affected adult fish weight and larvae growth; diets composed of higher levels of protein and polyunsaturated fatty acids (specifically arachidonic acid [AA] and eicosapentanoic acid) allowed fish to gain weight and produce healthy larvae. Fish housed at higher densities produced smaller embryos, but larger larvae than those housed at lower densities. These findings imply that significant effects of a modified stimulus are exhibited after relatively short periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Kolb
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Christian Lawrence
- Aquatic Resources Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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20
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The Impact of Two Different Cold-Extruded Feeds and Feeding Regimens on Zebrafish Survival, Growth and Reproductive Performance. J Dev Biol 2018; 6:jdb6030015. [PMID: 29933588 PMCID: PMC6162542 DOI: 10.3390/jdb6030015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is one of the top model organisms used in biomedical research. Therefore, it is fundamental that zebrafish facilities continuously improve husbandry methods to provide fish with the best physiological and welfare conditions that suit each experimental purpose. Nutrition is a husbandry aspect that needs further optimization, as it greatly affects growth, reproduction, health and behaviour. Here, we have compared the impact of different feeding regimens on zebrafish survival, growth and reproductive performance. Mutant and wild-type zebrafish were raised using several combinations of two cold-extruded processed feeds—Skretting®GemmaMicro and Sparos®Zebrafeed—and one live feed (rotifers). Zebrafeed® outperformed GemmaMicro® in terms of survival rate, and embryo viability was also higher when the spawners were fed with Zebrafeed® either from larval stage or upon sexual maturation. In contrast, GemmaMicro® favoured growth, both in size and weight. The use of rotifers until 60 days post-fertilization improved survival of fish co-fed with GemmaMicro®, while delaying their growth. Zebrafeed® performance was not affected by co-feeding rotifers. Overall, we showed that different nutritional formulas affect physiological parameters, allowing for the establishment of feeding protocols adapted to the objectives of each facility. At the same time, we validated Skretting®GemmaMicro and Sparos®Zebrafeed as two commercially available feeds that are well suited for zebrafish nutrition in a laboratory environment.
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21
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Varga ZM, Lawrence C, Ekker SC, Eisen JS. Universal Healthcare for Zebrafish. Zebrafish 2018; 13 Suppl 1:S1-4. [PMID: 27351616 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2016.1311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán M Varga
- 1 Zebrafish International Resource Center, University of Oregon , Eugene, Oregon
| | - Christian Lawrence
- 2 Aquatic Resources Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen C Ekker
- 3 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Judith S Eisen
- 4 Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon , Eugene, Oregon
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22
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Structure of the Zebrafish Locomotor Repertoire Revealed with Unsupervised Behavioral Clustering. Curr Biol 2018; 28:181-195.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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23
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Mocho JP, Martin DJ, Millington ME, Saavedra Torres Y. Environmental Screening of Aeromonas hydrophila, Mycobacterium spp., and Pseudocapillaria tomentosa in Zebrafish Systems. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 29286459 PMCID: PMC5755534 DOI: 10.3791/55306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Health monitoring systems are developed and used in zebrafish research facilities because pathogens of Danio rerio such as Aeromonas hydrophila, Mycobacterium spp., and Pseudocapillaria tomentosa have the potential to impair animal welfare and research. The fish are typically analyzed post mortem to detect microbes. The use of sentinels is a suggested way to improve the sensitivity of the surveillance and to reduce the number of animals to sample. The setting of a pre-filtration sentinel tank out of a recirculating system is described. The technique is developed to prevent water pollution and to represent the fish population by a careful selection of age, gender, and strains. In order to use the minimum number of animals, techniques to screen the environment are also detailed. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) on surface sump swabs is used to significantly improve the detection of some prevalent and pathogenic mycobacterial species such as Mycobacterium fortuitum, Mycobacterium haemophilum, and Mycobacterium chelonae. Another environmental method consists of processing the sludge at the bottom of a holding tank or sump to look for P. tomentosa eggs. This is a cheap and fast technique that can be applied in quarantine where a breeding device is submerged into the holding tank of imported animals. Finally, PCR is applied to the sludge sample and A. hydrophila is detected at the sump's bottom and surface. Generally, these environmental screening techniques applied to these specific pathogens have led to an increased sensitivity compared to the testing of pre-filtration sentinels.
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