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Peppi PF, Faria CA, Machado JPC, Virote BCR, Carneiro WF, Solis-Murgas LD, Portz L, Santos CR, Campos LRS, Lira GA, Lima EMM, Bicudo AJA, Barreto-Vianna ARC. The effects of isocaloric diets derived from different lipid sources on zebrafish. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e280948. [PMID: 39230077 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.280948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Characterizing the effects of saturated fat intake on metabolic health and its changes remains a major challenge. Lipid diets, from different sources, vary widely in their physiological effects on health; therefore, it is important to consider the specific lipid source consumed. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of the imposition of isocaloric diets with different lipid sources in zebrafish (fish oil/pork lard). Depicting how metabolic, morphological and behavioral parameters might express themselves in these fishes. Forty adult female fishes were used for the experiment. The animals were divided into a control group (C), fed with unsaturated fatty acid diet, and a saturated fatty acid group (Sat). They received food three times a day, during the 11-week period. The results showed that animals in the Sat group had increased body weight, with a difference relative to the C group, from the third week of diet until the end of the experiment. At the end of the last week, the Sat group had a body weight 32% higher (P=0.0182) than the body weight of the control group. The consumption of a diet rich in saturated fatty acids did not generate signs related to stress and anxiety in zebrafish. There was an increase in glycemia at T60 and T120, with a statistically significant difference between the two moments. Animals in the Sat group showed an increase (P=0.0086) in hepatic steatosis compared to animals in the control group. The results obtained on the relationship between diet and metabolic changes are fundamental to ensure the understanding and appropriate treatment of these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- P F Peppi
- Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR, Palotina, PR, Brasil
| | - C A Faria
- Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR, Palotina, PR, Brasil
| | - J P C Machado
- Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR, Palotina, PR, Brasil
| | - B C R Virote
- Universidade Federal de Lavras - UFLA, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Lavras, MG, Brasil
| | - W F Carneiro
- Universidade Federal de Lavras - UFLA, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Lavras, MG, Brasil
| | - L D Solis-Murgas
- Universidade Federal de Lavras - UFLA, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Lavras, MG, Brasil
| | - L Portz
- Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR, Departamento de Zootecnia, Palotina, PR, Brasil
| | - C R Santos
- Universidade de Brasília - UnB, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - L R S Campos
- Universidade de Brasília - UnB, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - G A Lira
- Universidade de Brasília - UnB, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - E M M Lima
- Universidade de Brasília - UnB, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - A J A Bicudo
- Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR, Departamento de Zootecnia, Palotina, PR, Brasil
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Archer CL, Tsuji NK, Waters MH, Brazzell JL, Fong DL, Leszczynski JK, Manuel CA, Habenicht LM. Evaluation of a gel-based versus micro-pellet diet for adult zebrafish ( Danio rerio). Lab Anim 2024:236772241244834. [PMID: 39102523 DOI: 10.1177/00236772241244834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Ad libitum feeding of laboratory zebrafish has potential benefits for colony management, but would require a new type of diet, such as a gel that remains in the tank. We hypothesized that adult zebrafish fed a gel diet would have similar body size and reproductive success compared with those fed a standard micro-pellet diet. The gel diet’s impact on water quality was determined to be safe for zebrafish prior to starting a 12-week feeding study. Two hundred adult AB zebrafish of mixed sex were randomly assigned to be fed exclusively either gel or micro-pellet diet. Fish body length and mass were measured every two weeks, and fish were bred within each feed group to assess fecundity. Zebrafish consumed less gel diet than expected. Body length, mass, and breeding success were lower in the gel diet fish than in the micro-pellet diet fish. Low consumption of the gel diet and/or nutritional differences between the two diets may have contributed to reduced growth and fecundity. Though the gel diet could reduce time personnel spend feeding and be safer for fish in static tanks, the tested formulation was not a satisfactory alternative to the control micro-pellet diet in a research zebrafish colony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine L Archer
- Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nikki K Tsuji
- Office of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - Molly H Waters
- Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Derek L Fong
- Office of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
- Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jori K Leszczynski
- Office of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
- Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Christopher A Manuel
- Office of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
- Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lauren M Habenicht
- Office of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
- Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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3
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Das K, Roy K, Mráz J, Buřič M, Kouba A. Considerations for protein and amino acids in standardized reference diet for parthenogenetic marbled crayfish Procambarus virginalis model organism. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16395. [PMID: 39013879 PMCID: PMC11253003 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58304-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The concept of a standardized reference diet (SRD) is used in laboratory model organisms to ensure nutritional control between studies and laboratories. Although models using the genetically identical, all female parthenogenetic marbled crayfish (Procambarus virginalis) are growing in popularity, research into nutrition in this species still has many knowledge gaps. To fast track the development of a SRD in terms of protein and amino acids (SRDprotein) for this species, we first analyzed the composition of its body amino acids to determine the ideal protein concept (IPC) of indispensable amino acids in wild-caught P. virginalis (which had an unusually high preponderance of leucine and arginine). Then, we strategically evaluated three common clusters of types of fish feed: (1) ornamental fish feed (SER) fortified with a naturally occurring alga (Spirulina). This type of feed was protein-high in arginine and leucine (SER + SPI) that fulfils the species' IPC for iso-protein (~ 40%), iso-phosphorus (~ 0.8%) and near iso-energetic (~ 475 kcal 100 g-1); (2) freeze-dried live feed consisting of chironomid larvae (CHI) fortified with Spirulina (CHI + SPI) that fulfils the IPC for iso-protein (~ 46%), iso-phosphorus (~ 0.7%) and near iso-energetic (~ 405 kcal 100 g-1); and (3) a commercially standardized 'starter diet' for carnivorous fish larvae (FISH) and post-larval shrimps (SHRIMP) with iso-protein (~ 56%) and iso-phosphorus (~ 1.6%). A total of six diets, embracing a diverse range of proteinaceous feeds, were used in a 100-day ad libitum feeding and growth trial. The FISH group outperformed all the other groups (p < 0.05) and our exploratory multivariate analysis revealed an ideal demand of > 44% protein (tailored to deliver high arginine 3% and leucine 4%, followed by the usual lysine > 3.5% and methionine 1.2%) but also the lowest carbohydrate level (21%). For SRDprotein, our findings show that the FISH diet is ideal and suggest the possibilities of using a CHI + SPI diet for further optimization (more economic use of protein and phosphorus).
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Das
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Koushik Roy
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Mráz
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Buřič
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Kouba
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic.
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Paull GC, Lee CJ, Tyler CR. Beyond compliance: harmonising research and husbandry practices to improve experimental reproducibility using fish models. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:253-264. [PMID: 37817305 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Reproducibility in animal research is impacted by the environment, by husbandry practices in the laboratory and by the animals' provenance. These factors, however, are often not adequately considered by researchers. A disconnect between researchers and animal care staff can result in inappropriate housing and husbandry decisions for scientific studies with those animals. This is especially the case for the research in neuro-behaviour, epigenetics, and the impact of climate change, as heritable phenotypic, behavioural or physiological changes are known to result from the animals' environmental housing, husbandry, provenance and prior experience. This can lead to greater variation (even major differences) in data outcomes among studies, driving scientific uncertainties. Herein, we illustrate some of the endpoints measured in fish studies known to be intrinsically linked to the environment and husbandry conditions and assess the significance of housing and husbandry practice decisions for research adopting these endpoints for different fish species. We highlight the different priorities and challenges faced by researchers and animal care staff and how harmonising their activities and building greater understanding of how husbandry practices affect the fish will improve reproducibility in research outcomes. We furthermore illustrate how improving engagement between stakeholders, including regulatory bodies, can better underpin fish husbandry decisions and where researchers could help to drive best husbandry practices through their own research with fish models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory C Paull
- Biosciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Carole J Lee
- Biosciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Charles R Tyler
- Biosciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
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5
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Wang XX, Zou HY, Cao YN, Zhang XM, Sun M, Tu PF, Liu KC, Zhang Y. Radix Panacis quinquefolii Extract Ameliorates Inflammatory Bowel Disease through Inhibiting Inflammation. Chin J Integr Med 2023; 29:825-831. [PMID: 36527537 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-022-3543-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of Radix Panacis quinguefolii root extract (RPQE) and its therapeutic effects on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS The 72-hour post-fertilization zebrafish was used to generate the local and systematic inflammation models through tail-amputation and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induction (100 µ g/mL), respectively. The Tg(zlyz:EGFP) zebrafish was induced with 75 µ g/mL 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) for establishing the IBD model. The tail-amputated, LPS-, and TNBS-induced models were subjected to RPQE (ethanol fraction, 10-20 µ g/mL) administration for 12 and 24 h, respectively. Anti-inflammatory activity of RPQE was evaluated by detecting migration and aggregation of leukocytes and expression of inflammation-related genes. Meanwhile, TNBS-induced fish were immersed in 0.2% (W/V) calcein for 1.5 h and RPQE for 12 h before photographing to analyze the intestinal efflux efficiency (IEE). Moreover, the expression of inflammation-related genes in these fish was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Subject to RPQE administration, the migration and aggregation of leukocytes were significantly alleviated in 3 zebrafish models (P<0.01). Herein, RPQE ameliorated TNBS-induced IBD with respect to a significantly reduced number of leukocytes, improved IEE, and inhibited gene expression of pro-inflammatory factors (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION RPQE exhibited therapeutic effects on IBD by inhibiting inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Xin Wang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, China
| | - Hong-Yuan Zou
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, China
- Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design, Kyiv, 01011, Ukraine
| | - Yong-Na Cao
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, China
| | - Xuan-Ming Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, China
| | - Meng Sun
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Peng-Fei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Biomimetic Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ke-Chun Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, China.
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6
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Sieler MJ, Al-Samarrie CE, Kasschau KD, Varga ZM, Kent ML, Sharpton TJ. Disentangling the link between zebrafish diet, gut microbiome succession, and Mycobacterium chelonae infection. Anim Microbiome 2023; 5:38. [PMID: 37563644 PMCID: PMC10413624 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-023-00254-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the long-established importance of zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model organism and their increasing use in microbiome-targeted studies, relatively little is known about how husbandry practices involving diet impact the zebrafish gut microbiome. Given the microbiome's important role in mediating host physiology and the potential for diet to drive variation in microbiome composition, we sought to clarify how three different dietary formulations that are commonly used in zebrafish facilities impact the gut microbiome. We compared the composition of gut microbiomes in approximately 60 AB line adult (129- and 214-day-old) zebrafish fed each diet throughout their lifespan. RESULTS Our analysis finds that diet has a substantial impact on the composition of the gut microbiome in adult fish, and that diet also impacts the developmental variation in the gut microbiome. We further evaluated how 214-day-old fish microbiome compositions respond to exposure of a common laboratory pathogen, Mycobacterium chelonae, and whether these responses differ as a function of diet. Our analysis finds that diet determines the manner in which the zebrafish gut microbiome responds to M. chelonae exposure, especially for moderate and low abundance taxa. Moreover, histopathological analysis finds that male fish fed different diets are differentially infected by M. chelonae. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results indicate that diet drives the successional development of the gut microbiome as well as its sensitivity to exogenous exposure. Consequently, investigators should carefully consider the role of diet in their microbiome zebrafish investigations, especially when integrating results across studies that vary by diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Sieler
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97330, USA
| | | | - Kristin D Kasschau
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97330, USA
| | - Zoltan M Varga
- Zebrafish International Resource Center, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97330, USA
| | - Michael L Kent
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97330, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97330, USA
- Zebrafish International Resource Center, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97330, USA
| | - Thomas J Sharpton
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97330, USA.
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97330, USA.
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7
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Antinero A, Printzi A, Kourkouta C, Fragkoulis S, Mazurais D, Zambonino-Infante JL, Koumoundouros G. The role of starter diets in the development of skeletal abnormalities in zebrafish Danio rerio (Hamilton, 1822). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2023; 46:697-705. [PMID: 36883327 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Fish skeletal development has long been correlated with nutritional factors. Lack of zebrafish nutritional standardization, especially during the early stages, decreases the reproducibility of the conducted research. The present study represents an evaluation of four commercial (A, D, zebrafish specific; B, generic for freshwater larvae; C, specific for marine fish larvae) and one experimental (Ctrl) early diets on zebrafish skeletal development. Skeletal abnormalities rates in the different experimental groups were assessed at the end of the larval period (20 days post-fertilization, dpf) and after a swimming challenge test (SCT, 20-24 dpf). At 20 dpf, results revealed a significant effect of diet on the rate of caudal-peduncle scoliosis and gill-cover abnormalities, which were relatively elevated in B and C groups. SCT results focused on swimming-induced lordosis, which was comparatively elevated in diets C and D (83% ± 7% and 75% ± 10%, respectively, vs. 52% ± 18% in diet A). No significant effects of dry diets were observed on the survival and growth rate of zebrafish. Results are discussed with respect to the deferential diet composition between the groups and the species requirements. A potential nutritional control of haemal lordosis in finfish aquaculture is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Antinero
- Biology Department, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Alice Printzi
- Biology Department, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- IFREMER, University of Brest, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, Plouzané, France
| | | | | | - David Mazurais
- IFREMER, University of Brest, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, Plouzané, France
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Widrick JJ, Lambert MR, Kunkel LM, Beggs AH. Optimizing assays of zebrafish larvae swimming performance for drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2023; 18:629-641. [PMID: 37183669 PMCID: PMC10485652 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2211802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Zebrafish larvae are one of the few vertebrates amenable to large-scale drug discovery screens. Larval swimming behavior is often used as an outcome variable and many fields of study have developed assays for evaluating swimming performance. An unintended consequence of this wide interest is that details related to assay methodology and interpretation become scattered across the literature. The aim of this review is to consolidate this information, particularly as it relates to high-throughput approaches. AREAS COVERED The authors describe larval swimming behaviors as this forms the basis for understanding their experimentally evoked swimming or spontaneous activity. Next, they detail how swimming activity can serve as an outcome variable, particularly in the multi-well formats used in large-scale screening studies. They also highlight biological and technical factors that can impact the sensitivity and variability of these measurements. EXPERT OPINION Careful attention to animal husbandry, experimental design, data acquisition, and interpretation of results can improve screen outcomes by maximizing swimming activity while minimizing intra- and inter-larval variability. The development of more sensitive, quantitative methods of assessing swimming performance that can be incorporated into high-throughput workflows will be important in order to take full advantage of the zebrafish model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J. Widrick
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthias R. Lambert
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Louis M. Kunkel
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- The Stem Cell Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Alan H. Beggs
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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9
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Green GB, Williams MB, Chehade SB, Flowers JT, Morrow CD, Lawrence AL, Bej AK, Watts SA. Body Metrics and the Gut Microbiome in Response to Macronutrient Limitation in the Zebrafish Danio rerio. Curr Dev Nutr 2023; 7:100065. [PMID: 37304849 PMCID: PMC10257228 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.100065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Healthy and predictable physiologic homeostasis is paramount in animal models for biomedical research. Proper macronutrient intake is an essential and controllable environmental factor for maintaining animal health and promoting experimental reproducibility. Objective and Methods Evaluate reductions in dietary macronutrient composition on body weight metrics, composition, and gut microbiome in Danio rerio. Methods D. rerio were fed reference diets deficient in either protein or lipid content for 14 weeks. Results Diets of reduced-protein or reduced-fat resulted in lower weight gain than the standard reference diet in male and female D. rerio. Females fed the reduced-protein diet had increased total body lipid, suggesting increased adiposity compared with females fed the standard reference diet. In contrast, females fed the reduced-fat diet had decreased total body lipid compared with females fed the standard reference diet. The microbial community in male and female D. rerio fed the standard reference diet displayed high abundances of Aeromonas, Rhodobacteraceae, and Vibrio. In contrast, Vibrio spp. were dominant in male and female D. rerio fed a reduced-protein diet, whereas Pseudomonas displayed heightened abundance when fed the reduced-fat diet. Predicted functional metagenomics of microbial communities (PICRUSt2) revealed a 3- to 4-fold increase in the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) functional category of steroid hormone biosynthesis in both male and female D. rerio fed a reduced-protein diet. In contrast, an upregulation of secondary bile acid biosynthesis and synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies was concomitant with a downregulation in steroid hormone biosynthesis in females fed a reduced-fat diet. Conclusions These study outcomes provide insight into future investigations to understand nutrient requirements to optimize growth, reproductive, and health demographics to microbial populations and metabolism in the D. rerio gut ecosystem. These evaluations are critical in understanding the maintenance of steady-state physiologic and metabolic homeostasis in D. rerio. Curr Dev Nutr 20xx;x:xx.
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Affiliation(s)
- George B.H. Green
- Department of Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Michael B. Williams
- Department of Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Sophie B. Chehade
- Department of Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jonathan T. Flowers
- Department of Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Casey D. Morrow
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Addison L. Lawrence
- Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Agriculture and Life Sciences, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Asim K. Bej
- Department of Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- J. Frank Barefield, Jr. Department of Criminal Justice, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Stephen A. Watts
- Department of Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Kozol RA, Yuiska A, Han JH, Tolentino B, Lopatto A, Lewis P, Paz A, Keene AC, Kowalko JE, Duboué ER. Novel Husbandry Practices Result in Rapid Rates of Growth and Sexual Maturation Without Impacting Adult Behavior in the Blind Mexican Cavefish. Zebrafish 2023; 20:86-94. [PMID: 37071855 PMCID: PMC10123811 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2023.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal model systems are dependent on the standardization of husbandry protocols that maximize growth and reduce generation time. The Mexican tetra, Astyanax mexicanus, exists as eyed surface and blind cave dwelling populations. The opportunity for comparative approaches between independently evolved populations has led to the rapid growth of A. mexicanus as a model for evolution and biomedical research. However, a slow and inconsistent growth rate remains a major limitation to the expanded application of A. mexicanus. Fortunately, this temporal limitation can be addressed through husbandry changes that accelerate growth rates while maintaining optimal health outcomes. Here, we describe a husbandry protocol that produces rapid growth rates through changes in diet, feeding frequency, growth sorting and progressive changes in tank size. This protocol produced robust growth rates and decreased the age of sexual maturity in comparison to our previous protocol. To determine whether changes in feeding impacted behavior, we tested fish in exploration and schooling assays. We found no difference in behavior between the two groups, suggesting that increased feeding and rapid growth will not impact the natural variation in behavioral traits. Taken together, this standardized husbandry protocol will accelerate the development of A. mexicanus as a genetic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Kozol
- College of Arts and Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Anders Yuiska
- College of Arts and Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Ji Heon Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Bernadeth Tolentino
- Department of Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Arthur Lopatto
- College of Arts and Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Peter Lewis
- College of Arts and Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Alexandra Paz
- College of Arts and Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Alex C. Keene
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Johanna E. Kowalko
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Erik R. Duboué
- College of Arts and Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida, USA
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11
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Russo C, Drewery M, Chang CT, Savage M, Sanchez L, Varga Z, Kent ML, Walter R, Lu Y. Assessment of Various Standard Fish Diets on Growth and Fecundity of Platyfish ( Xiphophorus maculatus) and Medaka ( Oryzias latipes). Zebrafish 2022; 19:181-189. [PMID: 35862011 PMCID: PMC9595639 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2022.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several small freshwater fish species are utilized as models for human conditions and disease in biomedical research. Research animal diets are generally tailored to optimize growth, fecundity, and produce healthy research animals. However, a lack of reference diets presents a barrier in comparative studies between aquatic animal models and even among laboratories using the same species. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine feeding regime and dietary effects on growth and fecundity in two commonly used freshwater fish, platyfish and medaka. From 1 through 6 months of age, platyfish and medaka were fed one of three feeding regime/diets: (1) our custom feeding regime consists of commercial flake food, beef liver paste, and live brine shrimp (CON); (2) a commercially available zebrafish diet, Gemma (GEM); and (3) a laboratory defined reference feeding regime (WAT). Weight, size, brood numbers, and survival rates for both species were measured monthly. Numbers of platyfish fry and hatch rate of medaka embryos were also determined. We observed that custom feeding regime (CON) fed platyfish and medaka grew larger, exhibited a higher survival rate, and had higher fecundity than WAT or GEM fed fish. These observations suggest that diets and regimes designed for zebrafish are not optimal to maintain platyfish or medaka. Thus, base diets, with clearly defined components and regimes, need to be developed with compositions that can be adjusted in a species-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Russo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Merritt Drewery
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Carolyn T. Chang
- Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Markita Savage
- Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Lindsey Sanchez
- Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Zoltan Varga
- Zebrafish International Resource Center, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Michael L. Kent
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Ronald Walter
- Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Yuan Lu
- Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
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12
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Valentine S, Kwasek K. Feeding Rate and Protein Quality Differentially Affect Growth and Feeding Efficiency Response Variables of Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). Zebrafish 2022; 19:94-103. [PMID: 35527676 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2022.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Manipulating feeding rate and protein quality may improve growth and feeding efficiency of cultured species. However, whether feeding rate, protein quality, or their interaction has a greater effect on growth and feeding efficiency response variables is unknown. To determine whether feeding rate and protein quality individually or interactively affect growth and feeding efficiency, juvenile Zebrafish (Danio rerio) were either offered nutritionally similar diet consisting of either menhaden fishmeal protein or a 100% replacement of fishmeal with soybean meal-based protein restrictively or to satiation. Total length, weight, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured throughout the duration of the study. Protein quality and feeding rate individually and interactively affected feed intake and FCR: Zebrafish offered feed to satiation had higher growth and FCR than those fed restrictively, and Zebrafish fed soybean meal-based diet showed lower growth and higher FCR and feed intake compared to those fed fishmeal-based diet, although magnitude of response depended on feeding rate. These findings likely indicate lower digestibility of soybean meal or the presence of antinutritional factors in soybean meal that led to impaired nutrient absorption of fish offered soybean meal-based diet. Differences in measured response variables between protein qualities and feeding rates highlight the importance of determining interactive effects in nutritional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaley Valentine
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University-Carbondale, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University-Carbondale, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Karolina Kwasek
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University-Carbondale, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University-Carbondale, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
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13
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Žák J, Roy K, Dyková I, Mráz J, Reichard M. Starter feed for carnivorous species as a practical replacement of bloodworms for a vertebrate model organism in ageing, the turquoise killifish Nothobranchius furzeri. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 100:894-908. [PMID: 35195903 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The absence of a controlled diet is unfortunate in a promising model organism for ageing, the turquoise killifish (Nothobranchius furzeri Jubb, 1971). Currently captive N. furzeri are fed bloodworms but it is not known whether this is an optimal diet. Replacing bloodworms with a practical dry feed would reduce diet variability. In the present study, we estimated the nutritional value of the diet ingested by wild fish and determined the fish-body amino acid profile as a proxy for their nutritional requirements. We compared the performance of fish fed four commercial feeds containing 46%-64% protein to that achieved with bloodworms and that of wild fish. Wild fish target a high-protein (60%) diet and this is supported by their superior performance on high-protein diets in captivity. In contrast, feeds for omnivores led to slower growth, lower fecundity and unnatural liver size. In comparison to wild fish, a bloodworm diet led to lower body condition, overfeeding and male liver enlargement. Out of the four dry feeds tested, the fish fed Aller matched wild fish in body condition and liver size, and was comparable to bloodworms in terms of growth and fecundity. A starter feed for carnivorous species appears to be a practical replacement for bloodworms for N. furzeri. The use of dry feeds improved performance in comparison to bloodworms and thus may contribute to reducing response variability and improving research reproducibility in N. furzeri research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Žák
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Science, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Koushik Roy
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Dyková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Mráz
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Reichard
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Science, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
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14
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Di Chiacchio IM, Paiva IM, de Abreu DJM, Carvalho EEN, Martínez PJ, Carvalho SM, Mulero V, Murgas LDS. Bee pollen as a dietary supplement for fish: Effect on the reproductive performance of zebrafish and the immunological response of their offspring. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 119:300-307. [PMID: 34656757 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bee pollen, a natural resource collected by bees, is rich in many nutrients, therefore it may represent a useful dietary supplement. Different uses of bee pollen are proposed due to its beneficial health properties, which includes the capacity to improve animal performance and promote immunostimulation. Animal nutrition can directly affect adults and their offspring, and larval stage is a critical moment for fish due to high mortality related to immune challenges. Thus, the present study attempted to evaluate the effects of adding bee pollen to a zebrafish diet, specifically, analyzing the effects on reproduction and immunity transference to descendants. Zebrafish adults received control diets based on commercial flakes and live food Artemia sp. nauplii or bee pollen-supplemented diets, administered three times a day, at the same time. The animals received the diets over 60 d, and throughout this period, they were tested for: egg production per female, total number of eggs, embryo viability rate, larval survival rate after exposure to spring viremia of carp virus and to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, and larval neutrophil recruitment after tail wounding. Bee pollen supplementation failed to improve egg production and embryo viability, and was unable to substitute flakes in zebrafish breeders. Instead, the offspring of breeders fed with bee pollen supplemented diets showed longer survival upon virus exposure and higher neutrophil migration to wounds. These results indicate that bee pollen can influence vertical immunity through important mechanisms related to offspring immunity in the early stages, when larval immune system is not fully developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela M Di Chiacchio
- Biotério Central, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Lavras, UFLA, 3037, Lavras, MG, 37200-900, Brazil; Departmento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain.
| | - Isadora M Paiva
- Laboratório de Genética Animal e Humana, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Danilo J M de Abreu
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Lavras, UFLA, 3037, Lavras, MG, 37200-900, Brazil.
| | - Elisângela E N Carvalho
- Departamento de Ciência dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Lavras, UFLA, 3037, Lavras, MG, 37200-900, Brazil.
| | - Pedro J Martínez
- Departmento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain.
| | - Stephan M Carvalho
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, UFLA, 3037, Lavras, MG, 37200-900, Brazil.
| | - Victoriano Mulero
- Departmento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain.
| | - Luis David S Murgas
- Biotério Central, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Lavras, UFLA, 3037, Lavras, MG, 37200-900, Brazil.
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15
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Printzi A, Kourkouta C, Fragkoulis S, Dimitriadi A, Geladakis G, Orfanakis M, Mazurais D, Zambonino-Infante JL, Koumoundouros G. Balancing between Artemia and microdiet usage for normal skeletal development in zebrafish (Danio rerio). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:1689-1696. [PMID: 34275148 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Targeting in zebrafish fast growth, high survival rates and improved reproductive performance has led over the last years in variable feeding regimes between different facilities. Despite its significance on fish function and welfare, normal skeletal development has rarely been evaluated in establishing the best feeding practices for zebrafish. The aim of this study was to establish a protocol for normal skeletal development, growth and survival of zebrafish larvae through live feed-to-microdiet transition at an appropriate rate. Four feeding regimes including feeding exclusively on Artemia nauplii (A) or dry microdiet (D), and feeding on both Artemia and microdiet at two different transition rates (slow (B) or fast (C)) were applied from 5 to 24 dpf (days post-fertilization). Results demonstrated a significant effect of feeding regimes on the incidence of skeletal abnormalities (gill cover, fins and vertebral column, p < .05) in zebrafish larvae. The A and B experimental groups presented the highest (88 ± 3 and 84 ± 17%, respectively), but the C and D the lowest (18 ± 14 and 11 ± 2%, respectively), rates of normal fish (fish without any abnormality). Similarly, growth rate was comparatively elevated in A and B groups. No significant differences were observed in fish survival between A, B and C groups. However, D group presented a significantly lower survival rate. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that the live feed-to-microdiet transition rate influences larval growth, survival and abnormality rates in a non-homogenous pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Printzi
- Biology Department, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- IFREMER, Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, Plouzané, France
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16
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Watts SA, D'Abramo LR. Standardized Reference Diets for Zebrafish: Addressing Nutritional Control in Experimental Methodology. Annu Rev Nutr 2021; 41:511-527. [PMID: 34270334 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-120420-034809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The ideal of experimental methodology in animal research is the reduction or elimination of environmental variables or consistency in their application. In lab animals, diet has been recognized as a very influential response variable. Reproducibility in research using rodents required the development of a unique diet of consistent ingredient and nutrient composition to allow for cross-comparisons of lab results, spatially and temporally. These diets are commonly referred to as standard reference diets (SRDs). The established validity of published nutritional requirements combined with the cooperation of commercial partners led to species-specific reference diets commonly used by the research community. During the last several decades, zebrafish (Danio rerio) have become a widespread alternative animal model, but specific knowledge of their nutrition is lacking. We present a short-term approach for developing an SRD for zebrafish, similar to that eventually attained for rodents over decades. Imminent development of an open-formulation, commercially produced SRD for zebrafish will notably advance translational biomedical science. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Nutrition, Volume 41 is September 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Watts
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-1170, USA;
| | - Louis R D'Abramo
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-1170, USA;
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17
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Brenes-Soto A, Tye M, Esmail MY. The Role of Feed in Aquatic Laboratory Animal Nutrition and the Potential Impact on Animal Models and Study Reproducibility. ILAR J 2020; 60:197-215. [PMID: 33094819 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilaa006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Feed plays a central role in the physiological development of terrestrial and aquatic animals. Historically, the feeding practice of aquatic research species derived from aquaculture, farmed, or ornamental trades. These diets are highly variable, with limited quality control, and have been typically selected to provide the fastest growth or highest fecundity. These variations of quality and composition of diets may affect animal/colony health and can introduce confounding experimental variables into animal-based studies that impact research reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Brenes-Soto
- Department of Animal Science, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Marc Tye
- Zebrafish Core Facility, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Michael Y Esmail
- Tufts Comparative Medicine Services, Tufts University Health Science Campus, Boston, Massachusetts
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18
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Cassar S, Dunn C, Ramos MF. Zebrafish as an Animal Model for Ocular Toxicity Testing: A Review of Ocular Anatomy and Functional Assays. Toxicol Pathol 2020; 49:438-454. [PMID: 33063651 DOI: 10.1177/0192623320964748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Xenobiotics make their way into organisms from diverse sources including diet, medication, and pollution. Our understanding of ocular toxicities from xenobiotics in humans, livestock, and wildlife is growing thanks to laboratory animal models. Anatomy and physiology are conserved among vertebrate eyes, and studies with common mammalian preclinical species (rodent, dog) can predict human ocular toxicity. However, since the eye is susceptible to toxicities that may not involve a histological correlate, and these species rely heavily on smell and hearing to navigate their world, discovering visual deficits can be challenging with traditional animal models. Alternative models capable of identifying functional impacts on vision and requiring minimal amounts of chemical are valuable assets to toxicology. Human and zebrafish eyes are anatomically and functionally similar, and it has been reported that several common human ocular toxicants cause comparable toxicity in zebrafish. Vision develops rapidly in zebrafish; the tiny larvae rely on visual cues as early as 4 days, and behavioral responses to those cues can be monitored in high-throughput fashion. This article describes the comparative anatomy of the zebrafish eye, the notable differences from the mammalian eye, and presents practical applications of this underutilized model for assessment of ocular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Cassar
- Preclinical Safety, 419726AbbVie, Inc, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christina Dunn
- Preclinical Safety, 419726AbbVie, Inc, North Chicago, IL, USA
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19
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Special Issue "Zebrafish-A Model System for Developmental Biology Study". J Dev Biol 2020; 8:jdb8030015. [PMID: 32759712 PMCID: PMC7558527 DOI: 10.3390/jdb8030015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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20
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Taufek NM, Harith HH, Abd Rahim MH, Ilham Z, Rowan N, Wan-Mohtar WAAQI. Performance of mycelial biomass and exopolysaccharide from Malaysian Ganoderma lucidum for the fungivore red hybrid Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) in Zebrafish embryo. AQUACULTURE REPORTS 2020; 17:100322. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2020.100322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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21
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Chowanadisai W, Hart MD, Strong MD, Graham DM, Rucker RB, Smith BJ, Keen CL, Messerli MA. Genetic and Genomic Advances in Developmental Models: Applications for Nutrition Research. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:971-978. [PMID: 32135011 PMCID: PMC7360451 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing appreciation that dietary components influence and interact with genes important to metabolism. How such influences impact developmental regulation and programming or risks of chronic diseases remains unclear. Nutrition is recognized to affect development and chronic diseases, but our understanding about how genes essential to nutrient metabolism regulate development and impact risks of these diseases remains unclear. Historically, mammalian models, especially rodents such as rats and mice, have been the primary models used for nutrition and developmental nutrition science, although their complexity and relatively slow rate of development often compromise rapid progress in resolving fundamental, genetic-related questions. Accordingly, the objective of this review is to highlight the opportunities for developmental models in the context of uncovering the function of gene products that are relevant to human nutrition and provide the scientific bases for these opportunities. We present recent studies in zebrafish related to obesity as applications of developmental models in nutritional science. Although the control of external factors and dependent variables, such as nutrition, can be a challenge, suggestions for standardizations related to diet are made to improve consistency in findings between laboratories. The review also highlights the need for standardized diets across different developmental models, which could improve consistency in findings across laboratories. Alternative and developmental animal models have advantages and largely untapped potential for the advancement of nutrigenomics and nutritionally relevant research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winyoo Chowanadisai
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Matthew D Hart
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Morgan D Strong
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - David M Graham
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Robert B Rucker
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Brenda J Smith
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Carl L Keen
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Mark A Messerli
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
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22
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Martins G, Diogo P, Santos T, Cabrita E, Pinto W, Dias J, Gavaia PJ. Microdiet Formulation with Phospholipid Modulate Zebrafish Skeletal Development and Reproduction. Zebrafish 2019; 17:27-37. [PMID: 31851586 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2019.1794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary phospholipids' (PLs) content, origin, and profile are known to affect fish development and reproductive performance, but their effects in zebrafish (Danio rerio) nutrition are still poorly investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effect of practical microdiets containing plant-based and marine PL sources in zebrafish growth, survival, skeletal development, and reproductive performance. Reproductive performance was evaluated according to sperm motility, number of eggs, egg morphometry, hatching rate, and offspring standard length at 5 days postfertilization (dpf). For this purpose, seven microdiets were used, where two control diets were tested along with a supplementation with soybean lecithin (SL) as a plant-based PL source, and krill oil (KO) and copepod oil (CO) as marine PL sources, or in combinations (SLCO and SLKO). KO supplementation decreased larval growth performance and induced severe skeletal anomalies. SL supplementation reduced sperm total motility but improved offspring length at 5 dpf. CO supplementation increased sperm motility and the number of spawned eggs. Our results showed that a careful selection of the origin of dietary PL sources for microdiet formulation is critical to ensure adequate skeletal development and reproductive success. This study contributes to the improvement of zebrafish microdiet formulation and optimization of zebrafish husbandry practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Martins
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Center of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Diogo
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Center of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Tamára Santos
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Center of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Elsa Cabrita
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Center of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | | | | | - Paulo J Gavaia
- Center of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
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23
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Alia AO, Petrunich-Rutherford ML. Anxiety-like behavior and whole-body cortisol responses to components of energy drinks in zebrafish ( Danio rerio). PeerJ 2019; 7:e7546. [PMID: 31497403 PMCID: PMC6707341 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated the independent and combined effects of caffeine and taurine on anxiety-like behavior and neuroendocrine responses in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylpurine-2,6-dione), the world’s most commonly used psychoactive drug, acts as an adenosine receptor blocker and a mild central nervous system stimulant. However, excessive use of caffeine is associated with heightened anxiety levels. Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), a semi-essential amino acid synthesized within the human brain, has been hypothesized to play a role in regulating anxiolytic behavior. Caffeine and taurine are two common additives in energy drinks and are often found in high concentrations in these beverages. However, few studies have investigated the interaction of these two chemicals with regards to anxiety measures. A suitable vertebrate to examine anxiety-like behavior and physiological stress responses is the zebrafish, which has shown promise due to substantial physiological and genetic homology with humans. Anxiety-like behavior in zebrafish can be determined by analyzing habituation to novelty when fish are placed into a novel tank and scototaxis (light avoidance) behavior in the light-dark test. Stress-related neuroendocrine responses can be measured in zebrafish by analyzing whole-body cortisol levels. The goal of this study was to determine if exposure to caffeine, taurine, or a combination of the two compounds altered anxiety-like behavior and whole-body cortisol levels in zebrafish relative to control. Zebrafish were individually exposed to either caffeine (100 mg/L), taurine (400 mg/L), or both for 15 min. Zebrafish in the control group were handled in the same manner but were only exposed to system tank water. After treatment, fish were transferred to the novel tank test or the light-dark test. Behavior was tracked for the first 6 min in the novel tank and 15 min in the light-tark test. Fifteen min after introduction to the behavioral task, fish were euthanized for the analysis of whole-body cortisol levels. The results demonstrate that caffeine treatment decreased the amount of exploration in the top of the novel tank and increased scototaxis behavior in the light-dark test, which supports the established anxiogenic effect of acute exposure to caffeine. Taurine alone did not alter basal levels of anxiety-like behavioral responses nor ameliorated the anxiogenic effects of caffeine on behavior when the two compounds were administered concurrently. None of the drug treatments altered basal levels of whole-body cortisol. The current results of this study suggest that, at least at this dose and time of exposure, taurine does not mitigate the anxiety-producing effects of caffeine when administered in combination, such as with energy drink consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia O Alia
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Northwest, Gary, IN, USA
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24
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Fowler LA, Williams MB, Dennis-Cornelius LN, Farmer S, Barry RJ, Powell ML, Watts SA. Influence of Commercial and Laboratory Diets on Growth, Body Composition, and Reproduction in the Zebrafish Danio rerio. Zebrafish 2019; 16:508-521. [PMID: 31381491 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2019.1742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The value of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model organism continues to expand. In developing the model, current feeding practice in zebrafish laboratories includes the use of commercially available diets. In this study, we compared outcomes in growth, body composition, and reproduction among zebrafish fed five highly utilized commercial diets and one formulated chemically defined reference diet. Wild-type zebrafish larvae were raised on live feed until 21 days postfertilization and then fed diets for 16 weeks. All fish received a daily ration of >5% of body weight (adjusted biweekly). Growth varied among diets throughout the feeding trial, and at study termination (week 16), significant differences among diets were observed for terminal weight gain, body condition index, body fat deposition, and reproductive outcomes. In addition, the proportion of viable embryos produced from females fed the formulated reference diet was high relative to the commercial diets. These data suggest that metabolic profiles, most likely reflecting nutrient/energy availability, utilization, and allocation, vary relative to diet in zebrafish. Undefined differences in metabolic profiles could result in erroneous predictions of health outcomes and make comparisons among laboratories more challenging. We recommend that dietary standards should be defined for zebrafish to support their common utility in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Adele Fowler
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Michael B Williams
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Susan Farmer
- Animal Resources Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - R Jeff Barry
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mickie L Powell
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Stephen A Watts
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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25
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Martins G, Diogo P, Pinto W, Gavaia PJ. Early Transition to Microdiets Improves Growth, Reproductive Performance and Reduces Skeletal Anomalies in Zebrafish (Danio rerio). Zebrafish 2019; 16:300-307. [DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2018.1691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gil Martins
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Diogo
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | | | - Paulo J. Gavaia
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
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26
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Sloman KA, Bouyoucos IA, Brooks EJ, Sneddon LU. Ethical considerations in fish research. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2019; 94:556-577. [PMID: 30838660 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fishes are used in a wide range of scientific studies, from conservation research with potential benefits to the species used to biomedical research with potential human benefits. Fish research can take place in both laboratories and field environments and methods used represent a continuum from non-invasive observations, handling, through to experimental manipulation. While some countries have legislation or guidance regarding the use of fish in research, many do not and there exists a diversity of scientific opinions on the sentience of fish and how we determine welfare. Nevertheless, there is a growing pressure on the scientific community to take more responsibility for the animals they work with through maximising the benefits of their research to humans or animals while minimising welfare or survival costs to their study animals. In this review, we focus primarily on the refinement of common methods used in fish research based on emerging knowledge with the aim of improving the welfare of fish used in scientific studies. We consider the use of anaesthetics and analgesics and how we mark individuals for identification purposes. We highlight the main ethical concerns facing researchers in both laboratory and field environments and identify areas that need urgent future research. We hope that this review will help inform those who wish to refine their ethical practices and stimulate thought among fish researchers for further avenues of refinement. Improved ethics and welfare of fishes will inevitably lead to increased scientific rigour and is in the best interests of both fishes and scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Sloman
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK
| | - Ian A Bouyoucos
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
- PSL Research University, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, Perpignan Cedex, France
| | - Edward J Brooks
- Cape Eleuthera Island School, Rock Sound, Eleuthera, The Bahamas
| | - Lynne U Sneddon
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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27
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Adam AC, Skjærven KH, Whatmore P, Moren M, Lie KK. Parental high dietary arachidonic acid levels modulated the hepatic transcriptome of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) progeny. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201278. [PMID: 30070994 PMCID: PMC6071982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Disproportionate high intake of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the diet is considered as a major human health concern. The present study examines changes in the hepatic gene expression pattern of adult male zebrafish progeny associated with high levels of the n-6 PUFA arachidonic acid (ARA) in the parental diet. The parental generation (F0) was fed a diet which was either low (control) or high in ARA (high ARA). Progenies of both groups (F1) were given the control diet. No differences in body weight were found between the diet groups within adult stages of either F0 or F1 generation. Few differentially expressed genes were observed between the two dietary groups in the F0 in contrast to the F1 generation. Several links were found between the previous metabolic analysis of the parental fish and the gene expression analysis in their adult progeny. Main gene expression differences in the progeny were observed related to lipid and retinoid metabolism by PPARα/RXRα playing a central role in mediating changes to lipid and long-chain fatty acid metabolism. The enrichment of genes involved in β-oxidation observed in the progeny, corresponded to the increase in peroxisomal β-oxidative degradation of long-chain fatty acids in the parental fish metabolomics data. Similar links between the F0 and F1 generation were identified for the methionine cycle and transsulfuration pathway in the high ARA group. In addition, estrogen signalling was found to be affected by parental high dietary ARA levels, where gene expression was opposite directed in F1 compared to F0. This study shows that the dietary n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio can alter gene expression patterns in the adult progeny. Whether the effect is mediated by permanent epigenetic mechanisms regulating gene expression in developing gametes needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul Whatmore
- Institute of Marine Research, Nordnes, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mari Moren
- Institute of Marine Research, Nordnes, Bergen, Norway
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28
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The Impact of Two Different Cold-Extruded Feeds and Feeding Regimens on Zebrafish Survival, Growth and Reproductive Performance. J Dev Biol 2018; 6:jdb6030015. [PMID: 29933588 PMCID: PMC6162542 DOI: 10.3390/jdb6030015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is one of the top model organisms used in biomedical research. Therefore, it is fundamental that zebrafish facilities continuously improve husbandry methods to provide fish with the best physiological and welfare conditions that suit each experimental purpose. Nutrition is a husbandry aspect that needs further optimization, as it greatly affects growth, reproduction, health and behaviour. Here, we have compared the impact of different feeding regimens on zebrafish survival, growth and reproductive performance. Mutant and wild-type zebrafish were raised using several combinations of two cold-extruded processed feeds—Skretting®GemmaMicro and Sparos®Zebrafeed—and one live feed (rotifers). Zebrafeed® outperformed GemmaMicro® in terms of survival rate, and embryo viability was also higher when the spawners were fed with Zebrafeed® either from larval stage or upon sexual maturation. In contrast, GemmaMicro® favoured growth, both in size and weight. The use of rotifers until 60 days post-fertilization improved survival of fish co-fed with GemmaMicro®, while delaying their growth. Zebrafeed® performance was not affected by co-feeding rotifers. Overall, we showed that different nutritional formulas affect physiological parameters, allowing for the establishment of feeding protocols adapted to the objectives of each facility. At the same time, we validated Skretting®GemmaMicro and Sparos®Zebrafeed as two commercially available feeds that are well suited for zebrafish nutrition in a laboratory environment.
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29
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Varga ZM, Lawrence C, Ekker SC, Eisen JS. Universal Healthcare for Zebrafish. Zebrafish 2018; 13 Suppl 1:S1-4. [PMID: 27351616 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2016.1311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán M Varga
- 1 Zebrafish International Resource Center, University of Oregon , Eugene, Oregon
| | - Christian Lawrence
- 2 Aquatic Resources Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen C Ekker
- 3 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Judith S Eisen
- 4 Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon , Eugene, Oregon
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30
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Inadequate Dietary Phosphorus Levels Cause Skeletal Anomalies and Alter Osteocalcin Gene Expression in Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020364. [PMID: 29370119 PMCID: PMC5855586 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential mineral for the development and maintenance of the vertebrate skeletal system. Modulation of P levels is believed to influence metabolism and the physiological responses of gene expression. In this study, we investigated the influence of dietary P on skeletal deformities and osteocalcin gene expression in zebrafish (Danio rerio), and sought to determine appropriate levels in a diet. We analyzed a total of 450 zebrafish within 31 days of hatching. Animals were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design that consisted of five replications. After an eight-week experiment, fish were diaphanized to evaluate cranial and spinal bone deformities. Increases in dietary phosphorus were inversely proportional to the occurrence of partial spine fusions, the absence of spine fusions, absence of parallelism between spines, intervertebral spacing, vertebral compression, scoliosis, lordosis, ankylosis, fin caudal insertion, and craniofacial deformities. Additionally, osteocalcin expression was inversely correlated to P levels, suggesting a physiological recovery response for bone mineralization deficiency. Our data showed that dietary P concentration was a critical factor in the occurrence of zebrafish skeletal abnormalities. We concluded that 1.55% P in the diet significantly reduces the appearance of skeletal deformities and favors adequate bone mineralization through the adjustment of osteocalcin expression.
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31
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Mocho JP, Martin DJ, Millington ME, Saavedra Torres Y. Environmental Screening of Aeromonas hydrophila, Mycobacterium spp., and Pseudocapillaria tomentosa in Zebrafish Systems. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 29286459 PMCID: PMC5755534 DOI: 10.3791/55306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Health monitoring systems are developed and used in zebrafish research facilities because pathogens of Danio rerio such as Aeromonas hydrophila, Mycobacterium spp., and Pseudocapillaria tomentosa have the potential to impair animal welfare and research. The fish are typically analyzed post mortem to detect microbes. The use of sentinels is a suggested way to improve the sensitivity of the surveillance and to reduce the number of animals to sample. The setting of a pre-filtration sentinel tank out of a recirculating system is described. The technique is developed to prevent water pollution and to represent the fish population by a careful selection of age, gender, and strains. In order to use the minimum number of animals, techniques to screen the environment are also detailed. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) on surface sump swabs is used to significantly improve the detection of some prevalent and pathogenic mycobacterial species such as Mycobacterium fortuitum, Mycobacterium haemophilum, and Mycobacterium chelonae. Another environmental method consists of processing the sludge at the bottom of a holding tank or sump to look for P. tomentosa eggs. This is a cheap and fast technique that can be applied in quarantine where a breeding device is submerged into the holding tank of imported animals. Finally, PCR is applied to the sludge sample and A. hydrophila is detected at the sump's bottom and surface. Generally, these environmental screening techniques applied to these specific pathogens have led to an increased sensitivity compared to the testing of pre-filtration sentinels.
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32
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Lidster K, Readman GD, Prescott MJ, Owen SF. International survey on the use and welfare of zebrafish Danio rerio in research. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2017; 90:1891-1905. [PMID: 28220489 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A survey was conducted regarding zebrafish Danio rerio use for scientific research with a focus on: anaesthesia and euthanasia; housing and husbandry; breeding and production; refinement opportunities. A total of 98 survey responses were received from laboratories in 22 countries in Europe, North America, South America, Asia and Australia. There appears a clear and urgent need to identify the most humane methods of anaesthesia and euthanasia. Aversive responses to MS-222 were widely observed raising concerns about the use of this anaesthetic for D. rerio. The use of anaesthesia in fin clipping for genetic identification is widely practised and there appears to be an opportunity to further develop less invasive methods and refine this process. Optimization (and potentially standardization) of feeding is an area for further investigation. Given that diet and body condition can have such profound effects on results of experiments, differences in practice could have significant scientific implications. Further research into transition between dark and light phases in the laboratory appears to represent an opportunity to establish best practice. Plants and gravel were not considered practical by many laboratories. The true value and benefits need to be established and communicated. Overproduction is a concern both from ethical and financial viewpoints. There is an opportunity to further reduce wastage of D. rerio. There are clear concerns and opportunities for the scientific community to work together to further improve the welfare of these important laboratory models.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lidster
- National Centre for Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs), Gibbs Building, 215 Euston Road, London, NW1 2BE, U.K
| | - G D Readman
- University of Plymouth, Drakes Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, U.K
| | - M J Prescott
- National Centre for Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs), Gibbs Building, 215 Euston Road, London, NW1 2BE, U.K
| | - S F Owen
- AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TF, U.K
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33
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Koo H, Hakim JA, Powell ML, Kumar R, Eipers PG, Morrow CD, Crowley M, Lefkowitz EJ, Watts SA, Bej AK. Metagenomics approach to the study of the gut microbiome structure and function in zebrafish Danio rerio fed with gluten formulated diet. J Microbiol Methods 2017; 135:69-76. [PMID: 28167213 PMCID: PMC5909692 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report the gut microbial composition and predictive functional profiles of zebrafish, Danio rerio, fed with a control formulated diet (CFD), and a gluten formulated diet (GFD) using a metagenomics approach and bioinformatics tools. The microbial communities of the GFD-fed D. rerio displayed heightened abundances of Legionellales, Rhizobiaceae, and Rhodobacter, as compared to the CFD-fed counterparts. Predicted metagenomics of microbial communities (PICRUSt) in GFD-fed D. rerio showed KEGG functional categories corresponding to bile secretion, secondary bile acid biosynthesis, and the metabolism of glycine, serine, and threonine. The CFD-fed D. rerio exhibited KEGG functional categories of bacteria-mediated cobalamin biosynthesis, which was supported by the presence of cobalamin synthesizers such as Bacteroides and Lactobacillus. Though these bacteria were absent in GFD-fed D. rerio, a comparable level of the cobalamin biosynthesis KEGG functional category was observed, which could be contributed by the compensatory enrichment of Cetobacterium. Based on these results, we conclude D. rerio to be a suitable alternative animal model for the use of a targeted metagenomics approach along with bioinformatics tools to further investigate the relationship between the gluten diet and microbiome profile in the gut ecosystem leading to gastrointestinal diseases and other undesired adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunmin Koo
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Joseph A Hakim
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mickie L Powell
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ranjit Kumar
- Biomedical Informatics, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Peter G Eipers
- Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Casey D Morrow
- Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Michael Crowley
- Heflin Center for Genomic Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Elliot J Lefkowitz
- Biomedical Informatics, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Stephen A Watts
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Asim K Bej
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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34
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Leulier F, MacNeil LT, Lee WJ, Rawls JF, Cani PD, Schwarzer M, Zhao L, Simpson SJ. Integrative Physiology: At the Crossroads of Nutrition, Microbiota, Animal Physiology, and Human Health. Cell Metab 2017; 25:522-534. [PMID: 28273475 PMCID: PMC6200423 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nutrition is paramount in shaping all aspects of animal biology. In addition, the influence of the intestinal microbiota on physiology is now widely recognized. Given that diet also shapes the intestinal microbiota, this raises the question of how the nutritional environment and microbial assemblages together influence animal physiology. This research field constitutes a new frontier in the field of organismal biology that needs to be addressed. Here we review recent studies using animal models and humans and propose an integrative framework within which to define the study of the diet-physiology-microbiota systems and ultimately link it to human health. Nutritional Geometry sits centrally in the proposed framework and offers means to define diet compositions that are optimal for individuals and populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Leulier
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), Université de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France.
| | - Lesley T MacNeil
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S4K1, Canada; Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S4K1, Canada; Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S4K1, Canada
| | - Won-Jae Lee
- School of Biological Science, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Creative Research Initiative Center for Hologenomics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - John F Rawls
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Center for the Genomics of Microbial Systems, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Patrice D Cani
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, WELBIO (Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martin Schwarzer
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), Université de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Liping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
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