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Mahé M, Rios-Fuller T, Katsara O, Schneider RJ. Non-canonical mRNA translation initiation in cell stress and cancer. NAR Cancer 2024; 6:zcae026. [PMID: 38828390 PMCID: PMC11140632 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcae026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The now well described canonical mRNA translation initiation mechanism of m7G 'cap' recognition by cap-binding protein eIF4E and assembly of the canonical pre-initiation complex consisting of scaffolding protein eIF4G and RNA helicase eIF4A has historically been thought to describe all cellular mRNA translation. However, the past decade has seen the discovery of alternative mechanisms to canonical eIF4E mediated mRNA translation initiation. Studies have shown that non-canonical alternate mechanisms of cellular mRNA translation initiation, whether cap-dependent or independent, serve to provide selective translation of mRNAs under cell physiological and pathological stress conditions. These conditions typically involve the global downregulation of canonical eIF4E1/cap-mediated mRNA translation, and selective translational reprogramming of the cell proteome, as occurs in tumor development and malignant progression. Cancer cells must be able to maintain physiological plasticity to acquire a migratory phenotype, invade tissues, metastasize, survive and adapt to severe microenvironmental stress conditions that involve inhibition of canonical mRNA translation initiation. In this review we describe the emerging, important role of non-canonical, alternate mechanisms of mRNA translation initiation in cancer, particularly in adaptation to stresses and the phenotypic cell fate changes involved in malignant progression and metastasis. These alternate translation initiation mechanisms provide new targets for oncology therapeutics development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Mahé
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Tiffany Rios-Fuller
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Olga Katsara
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Robert J Schneider
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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2
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Bartish M, Abraham MJ, Gonçalves C, Larsson O, Rolny C, Del Rincón SV. The role of eIF4F-driven mRNA translation in regulating the tumour microenvironment. Nat Rev Cancer 2023; 23:408-425. [PMID: 37142795 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00567-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Cells can rapidly adjust their proteomes in dynamic environments by regulating mRNA translation. There is mounting evidence that dysregulation of mRNA translation supports the survival and adaptation of cancer cells, which has stimulated clinical interest in targeting elements of the translation machinery and, in particular, components of the eukaryotic initiation factor 4F (eIF4F) complex such as eIF4E. However, the effect of targeting mRNA translation on infiltrating immune cells and stromal cells in the tumour microenvironment (TME) has, until recently, remained unexplored. In this Perspective article, we discuss how eIF4F-sensitive mRNA translation controls the phenotypes of key non-transformed cells in the TME, with an emphasis on the underlying therapeutic implications of targeting eIF4F in cancer. As eIF4F-targeting agents are in clinical trials, we propose that a broader understanding of their effect on gene expression in the TME will reveal unappreciated therapeutic vulnerabilities that could be used to improve the efficacy of existing cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Bartish
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute and Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Madelyn J Abraham
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute and Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Christophe Gonçalves
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute and Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ola Larsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Rolny
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sonia V Del Rincón
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute and Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Jeknić S, Kudo T, Song JJ, Covert MW. An optimized reporter of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1α reveals complex HIF-1α activation dynamics in single cells. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104599. [PMID: 36907438 PMCID: PMC10124923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune cells adopt a variety of metabolic states to support their many biological functions, which include fighting pathogens, removing tissue debris, and tissue remodeling. One of the key mediators of these metabolic changes is the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α). Single-cell dynamics have been shown to be an important determinant of cell behavior; however, despite the importance of HIF-1α, little is known about its single-cell dynamics or their effect on metabolism. To address this knowledge gap, here we optimized a HIF-1α fluorescent reporter and applied it to study single-cell dynamics. First, we showed that single cells are likely able to differentiate multiple levels of prolyl hydroxylase inhibition, a marker of metabolic change, via HIF-1α activity. We then applied a physiological stimulus known to trigger metabolic change, interferon-γ, and observed heterogeneous, oscillatory HIF-1α responses in single cells. Finally, we input these dynamics into a mathematical model of HIF-1α-regulated metabolism and discovered a profound difference between cells exhibiting high versus low HIF-1α activation. Specifically, we found cells with high HIF-1α activation are able to meaningfully reduce flux through the tricarboxylic acid cycle and show a notable increase in the NAD+/NADH ratio compared with cells displaying low HIF-1α activation. Altogether, this work demonstrates an optimized reporter for studying HIF-1α in single cells and reveals previously unknown principles of HIF-1α activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stevan Jeknić
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Takamasa Kudo
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Joanna J Song
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Markus W Covert
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
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Kang C, Ju S, Kim J, Jung Y. Chloroquine prevents hypoxic accumulation of HIF-1α by inhibiting ATR kinase: implication in chloroquine-mediated chemosensitization of colon carcinoma cells under hypoxia. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:211-221. [PMID: 36508076 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-022-00441-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chloroquine (CQ) is an effective and safe antimalarial drug that is also used as a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug. Recent studies have shown that CQ can sensitize cancer cells to anti-cancer therapies. METHODS In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying CQ-mediated chemosensitization in human colon carcinoma cells. RESULTS CQ prevented hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α protein induction in human colon carcinoma cells. CQ also suppressed HIF-1 activity, as represented by CQ inhibition of HIF-1-dependent luciferase activity and reduced induction of vascular endothelial growth factor. Under hypoxia, CQ restricted HIF-1α synthesis but did not affect HIF-1α transcription and protein stability. The hypoxic state activated ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) kinase and increased the level of phosphorylated checkpoint kinase 1, a substrate of ATR kinase; however, this was prevented by CQ. An ATR kinase inhibitor suppressed the hypoxic induction of HIF-1α protein and was as effective as CQ. The cytotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), the first choice for the treatment of colorectal cancer, was attenuated under hypoxia. CQ enhanced the cytotoxicity of 5-FU treatment, which was mimicked by the transient transfection with HIF-1α siRNA. CONCLUSIONS Under hypoxia, CQ-mediated sensitization of colon carcinoma HCT116 cells to 5-FU involves HIF-1 inhibition via ATR kinase suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyu Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyun Ju
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaejeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjin Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Chen PW, Huang SK, Chou WC, Chang FR, Cheng YB, Wang HC. Severinia buxifolia-isolated acridones inhibit lung cancer invasion and decrease HIFα protein synthesis involving 5'UTR-mediated translation inhibition. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 109:154570. [PMID: 36610169 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide and is by far the leading cause of cancer death attributed to its rapid metastasis and poor prognosis. Given that hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are associated with cancer metastasis, discovering agents to inhibit HIF-mediated invasive cancer is highly desired. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the natural acridone compounds isolated from Severinia buxifolia for the potential to delay hypoxia-induced lung cancer invasiveness by HIF inhibition. METHODS Using a hypoxia-responsive element (HRE) luciferase reporter, cell migration and invasion assays, real-time PCR, Western blot, and DNA recombinant clones, compound effect on HIF activity, cancer metastasis, HIF-1α mRNA transcription, HIFs protein stability, and HIF-1α translation were observed under hypoxia conditions. RESULTS Atalaphyllidine (Sbs-A) and atalaphyllinine (Sbs-B) were found to show the most potent effects on HIF transcriptional activity and HIF-1α protein expression in NSCLC cell line A549, although Sbs-A and Sbs-B might not attribute decreasing HIF-1α mRNA expression to potent inhibition of HIF activity. HIF-1α protein stability was not affected by Sbs-A; also, prolyl hydroxylase and proteasome inhibitors could not reverse the inhibitory effect from compounds. Furthermore, 3 - 10 μM low concentrations of Sbs-A inhibited HIF target gene expression, gelatin zymography activity, and A549 cancer invasion. Ultimately, Sbs-A inhibited HIF-1α 5'UTR-mediated translation independent of oxygen concentration, underlying the mechanism of compounds inhibiting HIF-1α protein expression. CONCLUSION Our study proposed Severinia buxifolia-isolated acridone compounds inhibited 5'-mRNA HIFA-mediated translation and provided evidence supporting the ability of acridone compounds in targeting HIFα for delayed lung cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Wei Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Kai Huang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Cheng Chou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Bin Cheng
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chun Wang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan..
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Smith MR, Costa G. RNA-binding proteins and translation control in angiogenesis. FEBS J 2022; 289:7788-7809. [PMID: 34796614 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Tissue vascularization through the process of angiogenesis ensures adequate oxygen and nutrient supply during development and regeneration. The complex morphogenetic events involved in new blood vessel formation are orchestrated by a tightly regulated crosstalk between extra and intracellular factors. In this context, RNA-binding protein (RBP) activity and protein translation play fundamental roles during the cellular responses triggered by particular environmental cues. A solid body of work has demonstrated that key RBPs (such as HuR, TIS11 proteins, hnRNPs, NF90, QKIs and YB1) are implicated in both physiological and pathological angiogenesis. These RBPs are critical for the metabolism of messenger (m)RNAs encoding angiogenic modulators and, importantly, strong evidence suggests that RBP-mRNA interactions can be altered in disease. Lesser known, but not less important, the mechanistic aspects of protein synthesis can also regulate the generation of new vessels. In this review, we outline the key findings demonstrating the implications of RBP-mediated RNA regulation and translation control in angiogenesis. Furthermore, we highlight how these mechanisms of post-transcriptional control of gene expression have led to promising therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting undesired blood vessel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine R Smith
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| | - Guilherme Costa
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
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Kovalski JR, Kuzuoglu‐Ozturk D, Ruggero D. Protein synthesis control in cancer: selectivity and therapeutic targeting. EMBO J 2022; 41:e109823. [PMID: 35315941 PMCID: PMC9016353 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021109823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Translational control of mRNAs is a point of convergence for many oncogenic signals through which cancer cells tune protein expression in tumorigenesis. Cancer cells rely on translational control to appropriately adapt to limited resources while maintaining cell growth and survival, which creates a selective therapeutic window compared to non-transformed cells. In this review, we first discuss how cancer cells modulate the translational machinery to rapidly and selectively synthesize proteins in response to internal oncogenic demands and external factors in the tumor microenvironment. We highlight the clinical potential of compounds that target different translation factors as anti-cancer therapies. Next, we detail how RNA sequence and structural elements interface with the translational machinery and RNA-binding proteins to coordinate the translation of specific pro-survival and pro-growth programs. Finally, we provide an overview of the current and emerging technologies that can be used to illuminate the mechanisms of selective translational control in cancer cells as well as within the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna R Kovalski
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
- Department of UrologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Duygu Kuzuoglu‐Ozturk
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
- Department of UrologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Davide Ruggero
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
- Department of UrologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular PharmacologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
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Wen JT, Huang ZH, Li QH, Chen X, Qin HL, Zhao Y. Research progress on the tsRNA classification, function, and application in gynecological malignant tumors. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:388. [PMID: 34907180 PMCID: PMC8671397 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00789-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of small non-coding RNAs derived from tRNAs, called tRNA-derived small RNA (tsRNAs), have been identified by high-throughput RNA sequencing of cell lines. Further research has revealed that they are not produced via random tRNA degradation, but through degradation by specific nuclease cleavages, such as Elac Ribonuclease Z 2 (ELAC2)/RNase Z, RNase L, Dicer, and angiogenin (ANG), the tsRNAs can be classified into the following types based on the location from which they have been derived from the parental tRNA: tRF-1s, tRF-3s, tRF-5s, tiRNA, and tRF-2s/i-tRFs. Moreover, tsRNAs are a type of small RNAs with diverse functions, including gene expression regulation, anti-apoptosis, translation inhibition, participation in epigenetic regulation, initial virus reverse transcription, promote virus replication and cell-to-cell communication. Certain types of tsRNAs are overexpressed in cancer tissues, but are underexpressed in normal tissues. Therefore, the relationship between tsRNAs and the occurrence and development of cancer has attracted significant research attention. Research advancements have contributed to further discoveries of the biological activities of tsRNAs, but the mechanisms of their biogenesis and functions have not been fully elucidated. This article reviews the classification and biological functions of tsRNAs, and introduces the research progress in gynecological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Tao Wen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gynecologic Oncology Research Office, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Zheng-Hao Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gynecologic Oncology Research Office, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Qian-Hui Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gynecologic Oncology Research Office, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gynecologic Oncology Research Office, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Hong-Lei Qin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gynecologic Oncology Research Office, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gynecologic Oncology Research Office, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
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miR-335 Restrains the Aggressive Phenotypes of Ovarian Cancer Cells by Inhibiting COL11A1. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246257. [PMID: 34944877 PMCID: PMC8699536 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
High collagen type XI alpha 1 (COL11A1) levels are associated with tumor progression, chemoresistance, and poor patient survival in several cancer types. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are dysregulated in multiple cancers, including epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC); however, the regulation of COL11A1 by miRNAs in EOC remains unclear. We examined the role of miRNAs in regulating COL11A1 expression. We identified miR-509 and miR-335 as the candidate miRNAs through an online database search. EOC cell treatment with miR-335 mimics abrogated COL11A1 expression and suppressed cell proliferation and invasion, besides increasing the sensitivity of EOC cells to cisplatin. Conversely, treatment with miR-335 inhibitors prompted cell growth/invasiveness and chemoresistance of EOC cells. miR-335 inhibited COL11A1 transcription, thus reducing the invasiveness and chemoresistance of EOC cells via the Ets-1/MMP3 and Akt/c/EBPβ/PDK1 axes, respectively. Furthermore, it did not directly regulate PDK1 but increased PDK1 ubiquitination and degradation through COL11A1 inhibition. In vivo findings highlighted significantly decreased miR-335 mRNA expressions in EOC samples. Furthermore, patients with low miR335 levels were susceptible to advanced-stage cancer, poor response to chemotherapy, and early relapse. This study highlighted the importance of miR-335 in downregulating COL11A1-mediated ovarian tumor progression, chemoresistance, and poor survival and suggested its potential application as a therapeutic target.
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Licari E, Sánchez-Del-Campo L, Falletta P. The two faces of the Integrated Stress Response in cancer progression and therapeutic strategies. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 139:106059. [PMID: 34400318 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.106059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years considerable progress has been made in identifying the impact of mRNA translation in tumour progression. Cancer cells hijack the pre-existing translation machinery to thrive under the adverse conditions originating from intrinsic oncogenic programs, that increase their energetic demand, and from the hostile microenvironment. A key translation program frequently dysregulated in cancer is the Integrated Stress Response, that reprograms translation by attenuating global protein synthesis to decrease metabolic demand while increasing translation of specific mRNAs that support survival, migration, immune escape. In this review we provide an overview of the Integrated Stress Response, emphasise its dual role during tumorigenesis and cancer progression, and highlight the therapeutic strategies available to target it.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis Sánchez-Del-Campo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology A, School of Biology, IMIB-University of Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Paola Falletta
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
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11
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He L, Man C, Xiang S, Yao L, Wang X, Fan Y. Circular RNAs' cap-independent translation protein and its roles in carcinomas. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:119. [PMID: 34526007 PMCID: PMC8442428 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01417-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs a kind of covalently closed RNA and widely expressed in eukaryotes. CircRNAs are involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, but their regulatory mechanisms are not fully understood. Given the development of the RNA deep-sequencing technology and the improvement of algorithms, some CircRNAs are discovered to encode proteins through the cap-independent mechanism and participate in the important process of tumorigenesis and development. Based on an overview of CircRNAs, this paper summarizes its translation mechanism and research methods, and reviews the research progress of CircRNAs translation in the field of oncology in recent years. Moreover, this paper aims to provide new ideas for tumor diagnosis and treatment through CircRNAs translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian He
- Cancer Institue, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, No 8, Dianli Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212002, People's Republic of China
| | - Changfeng Man
- Cancer Institue, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, No 8, Dianli Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212002, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouyan Xiang
- Cancer Institue, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, No 8, Dianli Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212002, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Yao
- Cancer Institue, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, No 8, Dianli Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No 120, Suzhi Road, Suqian, Jiangsu Province, 223812, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu Fan
- Cancer Institue, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, No 8, Dianli Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212002, People's Republic of China.
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12
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van den Akker GGH, Zacchini F, Housmans BAC, van der Vloet L, Caron MMJ, Montanaro L, Welting TJM. Current Practice in Bicistronic IRES Reporter Use: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5193. [PMID: 34068921 PMCID: PMC8156625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bicistronic reporter assays have been instrumental for transgene expression, understanding of internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) translation, and identification of novel cap-independent translational elements (CITE). We observed a large methodological variability in the use of bicistronic reporter assays and data presentation or normalization procedures. Therefore, we systematically searched the literature for bicistronic IRES reporter studies and analyzed methodological details, data visualization, and normalization procedures. Two hundred fifty-seven publications were identified using our search strategy (published 1994-2020). Experimental studies on eukaryotic adherent cell systems and the cell-free translation assay were included for further analysis. We evaluated the following methodological details for 176 full text articles: the bicistronic reporter design, the cell line or type, transfection methods, and time point of analyses post-transfection. For the cell-free translation assay, we focused on methods of in vitro transcription, type of translation lysate, and incubation times and assay temperature. Data can be presented in multiple ways: raw data from individual cistrons, a ratio of the two, or fold changes thereof. In addition, many different control experiments have been suggested when studying IRES-mediated translation. In addition, many different normalization and control experiments have been suggested when studying IRES-mediated translation. Therefore, we also categorized and summarized their use. Our unbiased analyses provide a representative overview of bicistronic IRES reporter use. We identified parameters that were reported inconsistently or incompletely, which could hamper data reproduction and interpretation. On the basis of our analyses, we encourage adhering to a number of practices that should improve transparency of bicistronic reporter data presentation and improve methodological descriptions to facilitate data replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guus Gijsbertus Hubert van den Akker
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (G.G.H.v.d.A.); (B.A.C.H.); (L.v.d.V.); (M.M.J.C.)
| | - Federico Zacchini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Bologna University, I-40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.Z.); (L.M.)
- Centro di Ricerca Biomedica Applicata—CRBA, Bologna University, Policlinico di Sant’Orsola, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Bas Adrianus Catharina Housmans
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (G.G.H.v.d.A.); (B.A.C.H.); (L.v.d.V.); (M.M.J.C.)
| | - Laura van der Vloet
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (G.G.H.v.d.A.); (B.A.C.H.); (L.v.d.V.); (M.M.J.C.)
| | - Marjolein Maria Johanna Caron
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (G.G.H.v.d.A.); (B.A.C.H.); (L.v.d.V.); (M.M.J.C.)
| | - Lorenzo Montanaro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Bologna University, I-40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.Z.); (L.M.)
- Centro di Ricerca Biomedica Applicata—CRBA, Bologna University, Policlinico di Sant’Orsola, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
- Programma Dipartimentale in Medicina di Laboratorio, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Tim Johannes Maria Welting
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (G.G.H.v.d.A.); (B.A.C.H.); (L.v.d.V.); (M.M.J.C.)
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13
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Miao Q, Ni B, Tang J. Coding potential of circRNAs: new discoveries and challenges. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10718. [PMID: 33552732 PMCID: PMC7819118 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The circular (circ)RNAs are a newly recognized group of noncoding (nc)RNAs. Research to characterize the functional features of circRNAs has uncovered distinctive profiles of conservation, stability, specificity and complexity. However, a new line of evidence has indicated that although circRNAs can function as ncRNAs, such as in the role of miRNA sponges, they are also capable of coding proteins. This discovery is no accident. In the last century, scientist detected the ability of translate in some virus and artificial circRNAs. Artificial circRNA translation products are usually nonfunctional, whereas natural circRNA translation products are completely different. Those new proteins have various functions, which greatly broadens the new ideas and research direction for our research. These series findings also raise questions about whether circRNA is still classified as non-coding RNA. Here, we summarize the evidence concerning translation potential of circRNAs, including synthetic and endogenous circRNA translation ability, and discuss the mechanisms of circRNA translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Miao
- Dermatology Department of The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Dermatology, the 901th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Bing Ni
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Dermatology Department of The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Dermatology, the 901th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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14
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Li RL, He LY, Zhang Q, Liu J, Lu F, Duan HXY, Fan LH, Peng W, Huang YL, Wu CJ. HIF-1α is a Potential Molecular Target for Herbal Medicine to Treat Diseases. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:4915-4949. [PMID: 33235435 PMCID: PMC7680173 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s274980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
HIF-1α is an important factor regulating oxygen balance in mammals, and its expression is closely related to various physiological and pathological conditions of the body. Because HIF-1α plays an important role in the occurrence and development of cancer and other diseases, it has become an enduring research hotspot. At the same time, natural medicines and traditional Chinese medicine compounds have amazing curative effects in various diseases related to HIF-1 subtype due to their unique pharmacological effects and more effective ingredients. Therefore, in this article, we first outline the structure of HIF-1α and the regulation related to its expression, then introduce various diseases closely related to HIF-1α, and finally focus on the regulation of natural medicines and compound Chinese medicines through various pathways. This will help us understand HIF-1α systematically, and use HIF-1α as a target to discover more natural medicines and traditional Chinese medicines that can treat related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Lan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ying He
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu-Xin-Yue Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Hong Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Liang Huang
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Jie Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, People's Republic of China
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15
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Chen LY, Wang L, Ren YX, Pang Z, Liu Y, Sun XD, Tu J, Zhi Z, Qin Y, Sun LN, Li JM. The circular RNA circ-ERBIN promotes growth and metastasis of colorectal cancer by miR-125a-5p and miR-138-5p/4EBP-1 mediated cap-independent HIF-1α translation. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:164. [PMID: 33225938 PMCID: PMC7682012 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01272-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circular RNA (circRNAs) and hypoxia have been found to play the key roles in the pathogenesis and progression of cancer including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the expressions and functions of the specific circRNAs in regulating hypoxia-involved CRC metastasis, and the circRNAs that are relevant to regulate HIF-1α levels in CRC remain elusive. Methods qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of circRNAs and mRNA in CRC cells and tissues. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to analyze the location of circ-ERBIN. Function-based experiments were performed using circ-ERBIN overexpression and knockdown cell lines in vitro and in vivo, including CCK8, colony formation, EdU assay, transwell, tumor growth and metastasis models. Mechanistically, luciferase reporter assay, western blots and immunohistochemical stainings were performed. Results Circ-Erbin was highly expressed in the CRC cells and Circ-Erbin overexpression facilitated the proliferation, migration and metastasis of CRC in vitro and in vivo. Notably, circ-Erbin overexpression significantly promoted angiogenesis by increasing the expression of hypoxia induced factor (HIF-1α) in CRC. Mechanistically, circ-Erbin accelerated a cap-independent protein translation of HIF-1α in CRC cells as the sponges of miR-125a-5p and miR-138-5p, which synergistically targeted eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1(4EBP-1). Conclusions Our findings uncover a key mechanism for circ-Erbin mediated HIF-1α activation by miR-125a-5p-5p/miR-138-5p/4EBP-1 axis and circ-ERBIN is a potential target for CRC treatment. Supplementary Information Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s12943-020-01272-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Yan Chen
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Xiang Ren
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Pang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Dong Sun
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Tu
- Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Zhi
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Qin
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 4th People's Hospital, Wuxi, 214062, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Na Sun
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian-Ming Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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16
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Translational control in the naked mole-rat as a model highly resistant to cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1875:188455. [PMID: 33148499 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of mRNA translation is involved in the onset and progression of different types of cancer. To gain insight into novel genetic strategies to avoid this malady, we reviewed the available genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data about the translational machinery from the naked-mole rat (NMR) Heterocephalus glaber, a new model of study that exhibits high resistance to cancer. The principal features that might confer cancer resistance are 28S rRNA fragmentation, RPL26 and eIF4G overexpression, global downregulation of mTOR pathway, specific amino acid residues in RAPTOR (P908) and RICTOR (V1695), and the absence of 4E-BP3. These features are not only associated with cancer but also might couple longevity and adaptation to hypoxia. We propose that the regulation of translation is among the strategies endowing NMR cancer resistance.
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17
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Lee LJ, Papadopoli D, Jewer M, Del Rincon S, Topisirovic I, Lawrence MG, Postovit LM. Cancer Plasticity: The Role of mRNA Translation. Trends Cancer 2020; 7:134-145. [PMID: 33067172 PMCID: PMC8023421 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor progression is associated with dedifferentiated histopathologies concomitant with cancer cell survival within a changing, and often hostile, tumor microenvironment. These processes are enabled by cellular plasticity, whereby intracellular cues and extracellular signals are integrated to enable rapid shifts in cancer cell phenotypes. Cancer cell plasticity, at least in part, fuels tumor heterogeneity and facilitates metastasis and drug resistance. Protein synthesis is frequently dysregulated in cancer, and emerging data suggest that translational reprograming collaborates with epigenetic and metabolic programs to effectuate phenotypic plasticity of neoplasia. Herein, we discuss the potential role of mRNA translation in cancer cell plasticity, highlight emerging histopathological correlates, and deliberate on how this is related to efforts to improve understanding of the complex tumor ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Lee
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - David Papadopoli
- Lady Davis Institute, Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology and Departments of Biochemistry and Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michael Jewer
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sonia Del Rincon
- Lady Davis Institute, Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology and Departments of Biochemistry and Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ivan Topisirovic
- Lady Davis Institute, Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology and Departments of Biochemistry and Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Mitchell G Lawrence
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Lynne-Marie Postovit
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
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18
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Phung B, Cieśla M, Sanna A, Guzzi N, Beneventi G, Cao Thi Ngoc P, Lauss M, Cabrita R, Cordero E, Bosch A, Rosengren F, Häkkinen J, Griewank K, Paschen A, Harbst K, Olsson H, Ingvar C, Carneiro A, Tsao H, Schadendorf D, Pietras K, Bellodi C, Jönsson G. The X-Linked DDX3X RNA Helicase Dictates Translation Reprogramming and Metastasis in Melanoma. Cell Rep 2020; 27:3573-3586.e7. [PMID: 31216476 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The X-linked DDX3X gene encodes an ATP-dependent DEAD-box RNA helicase frequently altered in various human cancers, including melanomas. Despite its important roles in translation and splicing, how DDX3X dysfunction specifically rewires gene expression in melanoma remains completely unknown. Here, we uncover a DDX3X-driven post-transcriptional program that dictates melanoma phenotype and poor disease prognosis. Through an unbiased analysis of translating ribosomes, we identified the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, MITF, as a key DDX3X translational target that directs a proliferative-to-metastatic phenotypic switch in melanoma cells. Mechanistically, DDX3X controls MITF mRNA translation via an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) embedded within the 5' UTR. Through this exquisite translation-based regulatory mechanism, DDX3X steers MITF protein levels dictating melanoma metastatic potential in vivo and response to targeted therapy. Together, these findings unravel a post-transcriptional layer of gene regulation that may provide a unique therapeutic vulnerability in aggressive male melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bengt Phung
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maciej Cieśla
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Adriana Sanna
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nicola Guzzi
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Giulia Beneventi
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Phuong Cao Thi Ngoc
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Lauss
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rita Cabrita
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eugenia Cordero
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ana Bosch
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Frida Rosengren
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jari Häkkinen
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Klaus Griewank
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Annette Paschen
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Katja Harbst
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Håkan Olsson
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Ana Carneiro
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Oncology and Hematology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hensin Tsao
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kristian Pietras
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Cristian Bellodi
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Göran Jönsson
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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19
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Translation Regulation by eIF2α Phosphorylation and mTORC1 Signaling Pathways in Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155301. [PMID: 32722591 PMCID: PMC7432514 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are medical conditions that, by definition, are non-infectious and non-transmissible among people. Much of current NCDs are generally due to genetic, behavioral, and metabolic risk factors that often include excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, obesity, and untreated elevated blood pressure, and share many common signal transduction pathways. Alterations in cell and physiological signaling and transcriptional control pathways have been well studied in several human NCDs, but these same pathways also regulate expression and function of the protein synthetic machinery and mRNA translation which have been less well investigated. Alterations in expression of specific translation factors, and disruption of canonical mRNA translational regulation, both contribute to the pathology of many NCDs. The two most common pathological alterations that contribute to NCDs discussed in this review will be the regulation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2) by the integrated stress response (ISR) and the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathways. Both pathways integrally connect mRNA translation activity to external and internal physiological stimuli. Here, we review the role of ISR control of eIF2 activity and mTORC1 control of cap-mediated mRNA translation in some common NCDs, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, diabetes mellitus, liver cirrhosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cardiac diseases. Our goal is to provide insights that further the understanding as to the important role of translational regulation in the pathogenesis of these diseases.
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20
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Lee P, Chandel NS, Simon MC. Cellular adaptation to hypoxia through hypoxia inducible factors and beyond. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:268-283. [PMID: 32144406 PMCID: PMC7222024 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-0227-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 582] [Impact Index Per Article: 145.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Molecular oxygen (O2) sustains intracellular bioenergetics and is consumed by numerous biochemical reactions, making it essential for most species on Earth. Accordingly, decreased oxygen concentration (hypoxia) is a major stressor that generally subverts life of aerobic species and is a prominent feature of pathological states encountered in bacterial infection, inflammation, wounds, cardiovascular defects and cancer. Therefore, key adaptive mechanisms to cope with hypoxia have evolved in mammals. Systemically, these adaptations include increased ventilation, cardiac output, blood vessel growth and circulating red blood cell numbers. On a cellular level, ATP-consuming reactions are suppressed, and metabolism is altered until oxygen homeostasis is restored. A critical question is how mammalian cells sense oxygen levels to coordinate diverse biological outputs during hypoxia. The best-studied mechanism of response to hypoxia involves hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs), which are stabilized by low oxygen availability and control the expression of a multitude of genes, including those involved in cell survival, angiogenesis, glycolysis and invasion/metastasis. Importantly, changes in oxygen can also be sensed via other stress pathways as well as changes in metabolite levels and the generation of reactive oxygen species by mitochondria. Collectively, this leads to cellular adaptations of protein synthesis, energy metabolism, mitochondrial respiration, lipid and carbon metabolism as well as nutrient acquisition. These mechanisms are integral inputs into fine-tuning the responses to hypoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pearl Lee
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Navdeep S Chandel
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - M Celeste Simon
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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21
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Alvarez-Castelao B, Tom Dieck S, Fusco CM, Donlin-Asp P, Perez JD, Schuman EM. The switch-like expression of heme-regulated kinase 1 mediates neuronal proteostasis following proteasome inhibition. eLife 2020; 9:52714. [PMID: 32329716 PMCID: PMC7224698 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the feedback between the major protein degradation pathway, the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), and protein synthesis in rat and mouse neurons. When protein degradation was inhibited, we observed a coordinate dramatic reduction in nascent protein synthesis in neuronal cell bodies and dendrites. The mechanism for translation inhibition involved the phosphorylation of eIF2α, surprisingly mediated by eIF2α kinase 1, or heme-regulated kinase inhibitor (HRI). Under basal conditions, neuronal expression of HRI is barely detectable. Following proteasome inhibition, HRI protein levels increase owing to stabilization of HRI and enhanced translation, likely via the increased availability of tRNAs for its rare codons. Once expressed, HRI is constitutively active in neurons because endogenous heme levels are so low; HRI activity results in eIF2α phosphorylation and the resulting inhibition of translation. These data demonstrate a novel role for neuronal HRI that senses and responds to compromised function of the proteasome to restore proteostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claudia M Fusco
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Paul Donlin-Asp
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Julio D Perez
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Erin M Schuman
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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22
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Ghosh A, Shcherbik N. Effects of Oxidative Stress on Protein Translation: Implications for Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2661. [PMID: 32290431 PMCID: PMC7215667 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of disorders that affect the heart and blood vessels. Due to their multifactorial nature and wide variation, CVDs are the leading cause of death worldwide. Understanding the molecular alterations leading to the development of heart and vessel pathologies is crucial for successfully treating and preventing CVDs. One of the causative factors of CVD etiology and progression is acute oxidative stress, a toxic condition characterized by elevated intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Left unabated, ROS can damage virtually any cellular component and affect essential biological processes, including protein synthesis. Defective or insufficient protein translation results in production of faulty protein products and disturbances of protein homeostasis, thus promoting pathologies. The relationships between translational dysregulation, ROS, and cardiovascular disorders will be examined in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Ghosh
- Department for Cell Biology and Neuroscience, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, 2 Medical Center Drive, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Natalia Shcherbik
- Department for Cell Biology and Neuroscience, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, 2 Medical Center Drive, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
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23
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Jaud M, Philippe C, Di Bella D, Tang W, Pyronnet S, Laurell H, Mazzolini L, Rouault-Pierre K, Touriol C. Translational Regulations in Response to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Cancers. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030540. [PMID: 32111004 PMCID: PMC7140484 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During carcinogenesis, almost all the biological processes are modified in one way or another. Among these biological processes affected, anomalies in protein synthesis are common in cancers. Indeed, cancer cells are subjected to a wide range of stresses, which include physical injuries, hypoxia, nutrient starvation, as well as mitotic, oxidative or genotoxic stresses. All of these stresses will cause the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), which is a major organelle that is involved in protein synthesis, preservation of cellular homeostasis, and adaptation to unfavourable environment. The accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum causes stress triggering an unfolded protein response in order to promote cell survival or to induce apoptosis in case of chronic stress. Transcription and also translational reprogramming are tightly controlled during the unfolded protein response to ensure selective gene expression. The majority of stresses, including ER stress, induce firstly a decrease in global protein synthesis accompanied by the induction of alternative mechanisms for initiating the translation of mRNA, later followed by a translational recovery. After a presentation of ER stress and the UPR response, we will briefly present the different modes of translation initiation, then address the specific translational regulatory mechanisms acting during reticulum stress in cancers and highlight the importance of translational control by ER stress in tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Jaud
- Inserm UMR1037, CRCT (Cancer Research Center of Toulouse), F-31037 Toulouse, France; (M.J.); (S.P.); (L.M.)
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, F-31000 Toulouse, France;
| | - Céline Philippe
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; (C.P.); (D.D.B.); (W.T.); (K.R.-P.)
| | - Doriana Di Bella
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; (C.P.); (D.D.B.); (W.T.); (K.R.-P.)
| | - Weiwei Tang
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; (C.P.); (D.D.B.); (W.T.); (K.R.-P.)
| | - Stéphane Pyronnet
- Inserm UMR1037, CRCT (Cancer Research Center of Toulouse), F-31037 Toulouse, France; (M.J.); (S.P.); (L.M.)
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, F-31000 Toulouse, France;
| | - Henrik Laurell
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, F-31000 Toulouse, France;
- Inserm UMR1048, I2MC (Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires), BP 84225, CEDEX 04, 31 432 Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Mazzolini
- Inserm UMR1037, CRCT (Cancer Research Center of Toulouse), F-31037 Toulouse, France; (M.J.); (S.P.); (L.M.)
- CNRS ERL5294, CRCT, F-31037 Toulouse, France
| | - Kevin Rouault-Pierre
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; (C.P.); (D.D.B.); (W.T.); (K.R.-P.)
| | - Christian Touriol
- Inserm UMR1037, CRCT (Cancer Research Center of Toulouse), F-31037 Toulouse, France; (M.J.); (S.P.); (L.M.)
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, F-31000 Toulouse, France;
- Correspondence:
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Smolle MA, Czapiewski P, Lapińska-Szumczyk S, Majewska H, Supernat A, Zaczek A, Biernat W, Golob-Schwarzl N, Haybaeck J. The Prognostic Significance of Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factors (eIFs) in Endometrial Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6169. [PMID: 31817792 PMCID: PMC6941158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Whilst the role of eukaryotic translation initiation factors (eIFs) has already been investigated in several human cancers, their role in endometrial cancer (EC) is relatively unknown. In the present retrospective study, 279 patients with EC (1180 samples) were included (mean age: 63.0 years, mean follow-up: 6.1 years). Samples were analysed for expression of 7 eIFs subunits (eIF2α, eIF3c, eIF3h, eIF4e, eIF4g, eIF5, eIF6) through immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Fifteen samples of healthy endometrium served as controls. Density and intensity were assessed and mean combined scores (CS) calculated for each patient. Upon immunohistochemistry, median eIF5 CS were significantly higher in EC as compared with non-neoplastic tissue (NNT, p < 0.001), whilst median eIF6 CS were significantly lower in EC (p < 0.001). Moreover, eIF5 (p = 0.002), eIF6 (p = 0.032) and eIF4g CS (p = 0.014) were significantly different when comparing NNT with EC grading types. Median eIF4g CS was higher in type II EC (p = 0.034). Upon western blot analysis, eIF4g (p < 0.001), peIF2α (p < 0.001) and eIF3h (p < 0.05) were significantly overexpressed in EC, while expression of eIF3c was significantly reduced in EC as compared with NNT (p < 0.001). The remaining eIFs were non-significant. Besides tumour stage (p < 0.001) and patient's age (p < 0.001), high eIF4g CS-levels were independently associated with poor prognosis (HR: 1.604, 95%CI: 1.037-2.483, p = 0.034). The other eIFs had no prognostic significance. Notably, the independent prognostic significance of eIF4g was lost when adding tumour type. Considering the difficulties in differentiating EC type I and II, eIF4g may serve as a novel prognostic marker indicating patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Anna Smolle
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036 Graz, Austria;
- Area 2 Cancer, Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Stiftingtalstraße 5, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Piotr Czapiewski
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdansk, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland; (P.C.); (H.M.); (W.B.)
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sylwia Lapińska-Szumczyk
- Department of Gynaecology, Gynaecological Oncology and Gynaecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdańsk, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 3a Street, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Hanna Majewska
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdansk, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland; (P.C.); (H.M.); (W.B.)
| | - Anna Supernat
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańnsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Bażyńskiego 1a, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.S.); (A.Z.)
| | - Anna Zaczek
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańnsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Bażyńskiego 1a, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.S.); (A.Z.)
| | - Wojciech Biernat
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdansk, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland; (P.C.); (H.M.); (W.B.)
| | - Nicole Golob-Schwarzl
- Area 2 Cancer, Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Stiftingtalstraße 5, 8010 Graz, Austria;
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 25, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Area 2 Cancer, Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Stiftingtalstraße 5, 8010 Graz, Austria;
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 25, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Department of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Müllerstraße 44, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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25
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Tao EW, Cheng WY, Li WL, Yu J, Gao QY. tiRNAs: A novel class of small noncoding RNAs that helps cells respond to stressors and plays roles in cancer progression. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:683-690. [PMID: 31286522 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
tRNA-derived stress-induced RNAs (tiRNAs), important components of tRNA-derived fragments, are gaining popularity for their functions as small noncoding RNAs involved in cancer progression. Under cellular stress, tiRNAs are generated when mature tRNA is specifically cleaved by angiogenin and suggested to act as transducers or effectors involved in cellular stress responses. tiRNAs facilitate cells to respond to stresses mainly via reprogramming translation, inhibiting apoptosis, degrading mRNA, and generating stress granules. This review introduces the cellular biogenesis, molecular mechanisms, and biological roles of tiRNAs in stress response and disease regulation. A better understanding of their roles in regulating cancer may provide novel biomarkers or therapeutic targets for diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Wei Tao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Ren-Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wing Yin Cheng
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei-Lin Li
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qin-Yan Gao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Ren-Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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26
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Robichaud N, Sonenberg N, Ruggero D, Schneider RJ. Translational Control in Cancer. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2019; 11:cshperspect.a032896. [PMID: 29959193 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a032896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The translation of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) into proteins is a key event in the regulation of gene expression. This is especially true in the cancer setting, as many oncogenes and transforming events are regulated at this level. Cancer-promoting factors that are translationally regulated include cyclins, antiapoptotic factors, proangiogenic factors, regulators of cell metabolism, prometastatic factors, immune modulators, and proteins involved in DNA repair. This review discusses the diverse means by which cancer cells deregulate and reprogram translation, and the resulting oncogenic impacts, providing insights into the complexity of translational control in cancer and its targeting for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Robichaud
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Nahum Sonenberg
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Davide Ruggero
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Departments of Urology and of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Robert J Schneider
- NYU School of Medicine, Alexandria Center for Life Science, New York, New York 10016
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27
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Miao B, Wei C, Qiao Z, Han W, Chai X, Lu J, Gao C, Dong R, Gao D, Huang C, Ke A, Zhou J, Fan J, Shi G, Lan F, Cai J. eIF3a mediates HIF1α-dependent glycolytic metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma cells through translational regulation. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:1079-1090. [PMID: 31218114 PMCID: PMC6556603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
eIF3a is the largest subunit of eIF3 complex and is a key player in translational control. Recently eIF3a is recognized as a proto-oncogene, which is overexpressed and connected to tumorigenesis of many cancers. However, the mechanistic roles of eIF3a during the tumorigenesis remain largely elusive. Here, we report that depletion of eIF3a significantly reduced HIF1α protein level and cellular glycolysis ability. Mechanistically, we found that eIF3a regulates HIF1α protein synthesis through internal ribosomal entry site (IRES)-dependent translation. Importantly, through analyses of our own sample collection, we found that eIF3a is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues, and a high level of eIF3a predicts poor prognosis of HCC patients. TCGA analyses further confirmed that eIF3a is coincident with an elevated activity of HIF1α pathway genes. Collectively, we identify eIF3a as a regulator for glycolysis through HIF1α IRES-dependent translational regulation, which may be a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bisi Miao
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chuanyuan Wei
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zijun Qiao
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weiyu Han
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Chai
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiacheng Lu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ruizhao Dong
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dongmei Gao
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Aiwu Ke
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guoming Shi
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fei Lan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiabin Cai
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai 200032, China
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Ivanova IG, Park CV, Kenneth NS. Translating the Hypoxic Response-the Role of HIF Protein Translation in the Cellular Response to Low Oxygen. Cells 2019; 8:E114. [PMID: 30717305 PMCID: PMC6406544 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-Inducible Factors (HIFs) play essential roles in the physiological response to low oxygen in all multicellular organisms, while their deregulation is associated with human diseases. HIF levels and activity are primarily controlled by the availability of the oxygen-sensitive HIFα subunits, which is mediated by rapid alterations to the rates of HIFα protein production and degradation. While the pathways that control HIFα degradation are understood in great detail, much less is known about the targeted control of HIFα protein synthesis and what role this has in controlling HIF activity during the hypoxic response. This review will focus on the signalling pathways and RNA binding proteins that modulate HIFα mRNA half-life and/or translation rate, and their contribution to hypoxia-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iglika G Ivanova
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Catherine V Park
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Niall S Kenneth
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
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29
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Sriram A, Bohlen J, Teleman AA. Translation acrobatics: how cancer cells exploit alternate modes of translational initiation. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:embr.201845947. [PMID: 30224410 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201845947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent work has brought to light many different mechanisms of translation initiation that function in cells in parallel to canonical cap-dependent initiation. This has important implications for cancer. Canonical cap-dependent translation initiation is inhibited by many stresses such as hypoxia, nutrient limitation, proteotoxic stress, or genotoxic stress. Since cancer cells are often exposed to these stresses, they rely on alternate modes of translation initiation for protein synthesis and cell growth. Cancer mutations are now being identified in components of the translation machinery and in cis-regulatory elements of mRNAs, which both control translation of cancer-relevant genes. In this review, we provide an overview on the various modes of non-canonical translation initiation, such as leaky scanning, translation re-initiation, ribosome shunting, IRES-dependent translation, and m6A-dependent translation, and then discuss the influence of stress on these different modes of translation. Finally, we present examples of how these modes of translation are dysregulated in cancer cells, allowing them to grow, to proliferate, and to survive, thereby highlighting the importance of translational control in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Sriram
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Bohlen
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aurelio A Teleman
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany .,Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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30
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31
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Xia Z, Wang W, Xiao Q, Ye Q, Zhang X, Wang Y. Mild Hypothermia Protects Renal Function in Ischemia-reperfusion Kidney: An Experimental Study in Mice. Transplant Proc 2018; 50:3816-3821. [PMID: 30577273 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mild hypothermia reduces the damage caused by hypoxia and oxidative stress, but how this happens is not very clear. Mice were anesthetized and their core body temperature was maintained at 38 ± 0.5°C and 32 ± 0.5°C. The renal artery and renal veins were blocked for 35 minutes and reperfusion was performed. Twenty-four hours later, serum was obtained to detect the concentrations of creatinine. The expression of CIRP, TRX, Bcl-2, and Bax were detected in tissue samples using Western blot. Apoptosis was measured using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling and the apoptosis rates were calculated. SOD and MDA were detected to determine the extent of oxidative damage in different groups. The concentration of creatinine in the NC group was 2.11 ± 0.39 mg/dL. Compared to the IR group, the concentration of creatinine decreased in MH+IR group and showed a significant statistical difference (8.74 ± 1.38 mg/dL vs 15.36 ± 2.13 mg/dL, P < .01); the apoptosis rate also decreased with statistical significance (15.02 ± 1.45% vs 37.02 ± 5.70%, P < .01). Compared to the IR group, the expression of CIRP, TRX, and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio significantly increased in the MH+IR group. The SOD activity in the MH+IR group increased (26.90 ± 4.41 U/mgprot vs 16.85 ± 2.41 U/mgprot, P < .05) and the MDA level decreased (0.76 ± 0.18 nmol/mgprot vs 1.37 ± 0.32 nmol/mgprot, P < .05) compared to those of the IR group. Mild hypothermia protects mice kidneys from ischemia-reperfusion damage by reducing oxidative stress injury and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Xia
- 3rd Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Research Center of National Health Ministry on Transplantation Medicine Engineering and Technology, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - W Wang
- Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Q Xiao
- 3rd Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Research Center of National Health Ministry on Transplantation Medicine Engineering and Technology, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Q Ye
- 3rd Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Research Center of National Health Ministry on Transplantation Medicine Engineering and Technology, Changsha, P.R. China; Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan Hubei, P.R. China.
| | - X Zhang
- Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Y Wang
- Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan Hubei, P.R. China
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32
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Deng Y, Hu F, Ren L, Gao X, Wang Y. Effects of anoxia on survival and gene expression in Bactrocera dorsalis. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 107:186-196. [PMID: 29630918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis) larvae may commonly experience a hypoxia microenvironment and have evolved the ability to survive in the low oxygen condition with some physiological and biochemical mechanisms. However, little is known about the response of B. dorsalis to hypoxia or anoxia. In this study, the effect of anoxia on the survival of B. dorsalis was investigated. The results showed that the B. dorsalis larvae were quite tolerant to anoxia conditions and can tolerate up to 24 h of anoxia exposure without a significant reduction in survival, 100% mortality was reached after 84 h of anoxia exposure. The cDNA of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) 1α and HIF-1β is 2912 and 3618 bp in length, encoding 766 and 648 amino acid residues, respectively. Both HIF-1α and HIF-1β contain conserved basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain and Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) domain. HIF-1α can be induced by hypoxia, whereas HIF-1β expression was not significantly changed with the oxygen concentration. Three major heat shock proteins (Hsps) expression increased significantly during anoxia and recovery and Hsp70 was the most responsive to anoxia. Four superoxide dismutase (SOD) genes expression were also up-regulated during anoxia exposure. These data suggest that B. dorsalis has a strategy to induce HIF-1α and HIF-1-responsive genes to survive in the low oxygen condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Deng
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fan Hu
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lili Ren
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiwu Gao
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuejin Wang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100029, China.
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33
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Choi YJ, Shin HW, Chun YS, Leutou AS, Son BW, Park JW. Diacetoxyscirpenol as a new anticancer agent to target hypoxia-inducible factor 1. Oncotarget 2018; 7:62107-62122. [PMID: 27613833 PMCID: PMC5308714 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia activates hypoxia-inducible factor 1, which promotes the progression of malignancy by stimulating angiogenesis and by augmenting the ability of tumors to survive. Thus, HIF-1 is one of the most compelling targets for treating cancers. The aim of this study was to find a small molecule that inhibits HIF-1 under hypoxia in cancer cells. 7,280 compounds in a chemical library were tested in a cancer cell line expressing luciferase HIF-dependently. Through three rounds of screening, we finally picked up a compound that originates from a marine bacterium parasitizing red alga. The antibiotic potently inhibited HIF-1 expression and its transcriptional activity in cancer cells exposed to hypoxia. Through two-step fractionation, diacetoxyscirpenol was purified and identified as a HIF-inhibiting ingredient. Mechanistically, diacetoxyscirpenol inhibits the synthesis of HIF-1α protein and also interferes with the dimerization of HIF-1α and ARNT. It attenuates HIF-mediated gene expression in cancer cells exposed to hypoxia, and by doing so reduces tumorigenic and angiogenic potentials of cancer cells. More importantly, diacetoxyscirpenol retarded tumor growth in mice, and reduced HIF-1α expression and vascular formation in the tumors. Overall, diacetoxyscirpenol is considered a potential drug deregulating the HIF-1 signaling pathway, and it could be beneficially employed for treating malignant tumors with hypoxic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Joon Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang-Sook Chun
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Alain Simplice Leutou
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeng Wha Son
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Wan Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
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34
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Lampe S, Kunze M, Scholz A, Brauß TF, Winslow S, Simm S, Keller M, Heidler J, Wittig I, Brüne B, Schmid T. Identification of the TXNIP IRES and characterization of the impact of regulatory IRES trans-acting factors. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2018; 1861:147-157. [PMID: 29378331 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Lampe
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michael Kunze
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anica Scholz
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Thilo F Brauß
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sofia Winslow
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefan Simm
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, Faculty of Biosciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mario Keller
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, Faculty of Biosciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Juliana Heidler
- Functional Proteomics, SFB 815 Core Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ilka Wittig
- Functional Proteomics, SFB 815 Core Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tobias Schmid
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
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The eIF4E2-Directed Hypoxic Cap-Dependent Translation Machinery Reveals Novel Therapeutic Potential for Cancer Treatment. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:6098107. [PMID: 29317983 PMCID: PMC5727761 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6098107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is an aspect of the tumor microenvironment that is linked to radiation and chemotherapy resistance, metastasis, and poor prognosis. The ability of hypoxic tumor cells to achieve these cancer hallmarks is, in part, due to changes in their gene expression profiles. Cancer cells have a high demand for protein synthesis, and translational control is subsequently deregulated. Various mechanisms of translation initiation are active to improve the translation efficiency of select transcripts to drive cancer progression. This review will focus on a noncanonical cap-dependent translation initiation mechanism that utilizes the eIF4E homolog eIF4E2, a hypoxia-activated cap-binding protein that is implicated in hypoxic cancer cell migration, invasion, and tumor growth in mouse xenografts. A historical perspective about eIF4E2 and its various aliases will be provided followed by an evaluation of potential therapeutic strategies. The recent successes of disabling canonical translation and eIF4E with drugs should highlight the novel therapeutic potential of targeting the homologous eIF4E2 in the treatment of hypoxic solid tumors.
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Heerma van Voss MR, van Diest PJ, Raman V. Targeting RNA helicases in cancer: The translation trap. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1868:510-520. [PMID: 28965870 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells are reliant on the cellular translational machinery for both global elevation of protein synthesis and the translation of specific mRNAs that promote tumor cell survival. Targeting translational control in cancer is therefore increasingly recognized as a promising therapeutic strategy. In this regard, DEAD/H box RNA helicases are a very interesting group of proteins, with several family members regulating mRNA translation in cancer cells. In this review, we delineate the mechanisms by which DEAD/H box proteins modulate oncogenic translation and how inhibition of these RNA helicases can be exploited for anti-cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marise R Heerma van Voss
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J van Diest
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, MD, USA
| | - Venu Raman
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, MD, USA.
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Díaz-Muñoz MD, Kiselev VY, Le Novère N, Curk T, Ule J, Turner M. Tia1 dependent regulation of mRNA subcellular location and translation controls p53 expression in B cells. Nat Commun 2017; 8:530. [PMID: 28904350 PMCID: PMC5597594 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00454-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-transcriptional regulation of cellular mRNA is essential for protein synthesis. Here we describe the importance of mRNA translational repression and mRNA subcellular location for protein expression during B lymphocyte activation and the DNA damage response. Cytoplasmic RNA granules are formed upon cell activation with mitogens, including stress granules that contain the RNA binding protein Tia1. Tia1 binds to a subset of transcripts involved in cell stress, including p53 mRNA, and controls translational silencing and RNA granule localization. DNA damage promotes mRNA relocation and translation in part due to dissociation of Tia1 from its mRNA targets. Upon DNA damage, p53 mRNA is released from stress granules and associates with polyribosomes to increase protein synthesis in a CAP-independent manner. Global analysis of cellular mRNA abundance and translation indicates that this is an extended ATM-dependent mechanism to increase protein expression of key modulators of the DNA damage response.Sequestering mRNA in cytoplasmic stress granules is a mechanism for translational repression. Here the authors find that p53 mRNA, present in stress granules in activated B lymphocytes, is released upon DNA damage and is translated in a CAP-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel D Díaz-Muñoz
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, INSERM UMR1043 / CNRS U5282, Toulouse, 31300, France.
| | - Vladimir Yu Kiselev
- Laboratory of Signalling, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Nicolas Le Novère
- Laboratory of Signalling, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Tomaz Curk
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Computer and Information Science, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Ule
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- The Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Martin Turner
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
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Ismail R, Ul Hussain M. The up regulation of phosphofructokinase1 (PFK1) protein during chemically induced hypoxia is mediated by the hypoxia-responsive internal ribosome entry site (IRES) element, present in its 5′untranslated region. Biochimie 2017; 139:38-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Gao G, Dhar S, Bedford MT. PRMT5 regulates IRES-dependent translation via methylation of hnRNP A1. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:4359-4369. [PMID: 28115626 PMCID: PMC5416833 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw1367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The type II arginine methyltransferase PRMT5 is responsible for the symmetric dimethylation of histone to generate the H3R8me2s and H4R3me2s marks, which correlate with the repression of transcription. However, the protein level of a number of genes (MEP50, CCND1, MYC, HIF1a, MTIF and CDKN1B) are reported to be downregulated by the loss of PRMT5, while their mRNA levels remain unchanged, which is counterintuitive for PRMT5's proposed role as a transcription repressor. We noticed that the majority of the genes regulated by PRMT5, at the posttranscriptional level, express mRNA containing an internal ribosome entry site (IRES). Using an IRES-dependent reporter system, we established that PRMT5 facilitates the translation of a subset of IRES-containing genes. The heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein, hnRNP A1, is an IRES transacting factor (ITAF) that regulates the IRES-dependent translation of Cyclin D1 and c-Myc. We showed that hnRNP A1 is methylated by PRMT5 on two residues, R218 and R225, and that this methylation facilitates the interaction of hnRNP A1 with IRES RNA to promote IRES-dependent translation. This study defines a new role for PRMT5 regulation of cellular protein levels, which goes beyond the known functions of PRMT5 as a transcription and splicing regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhen Gao
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Surbhi Dhar
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Mark T Bedford
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
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Lacerda R, Menezes J, Romão L. More than just scanning: the importance of cap-independent mRNA translation initiation for cellular stress response and cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:1659-1680. [PMID: 27913822 PMCID: PMC11107732 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2428-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The scanning model for eukaryotic mRNA translation initiation states that the small ribosomal subunit, along with initiation factors, binds at the cap structure at the 5' end of the mRNA and scans the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) until an initiation codon is found. However, under conditions that impair canonical cap-dependent translation, the synthesis of some proteins is kept by alternative mechanisms that are required for cell survival and stress recovery. Alternative modes of translation initiation include cap- and/or scanning-independent mechanisms of ribosomal recruitment. In most cap-independent translation initiation events there is a direct recruitment of the 40S ribosome into a position upstream, or directly at, the initiation codon via a specific internal ribosome entry site (IRES) element in the 5'UTR. Yet, in some cellular mRNAs, a different translation initiation mechanism that is neither cap- nor IRES-dependent seems to occur through a special RNA structure called cap-independent translational enhancer (CITE). Recent evidence uncovered a distinct mechanism through which mRNAs containing N 6-methyladenosine (m6A) residues in their 5'UTR directly bind eukaryotic initiation factor 3 (eIF3) and the 40S ribosomal subunit in order to initiate translation in the absence of the cap-binding proteins. This review focuses on the important role of cap-independent translation mechanisms in human cells and how these alternative mechanisms can either act individually or cooperate with other cis-acting RNA regulons to orchestrate specific translational responses triggered upon several cellular stress states, and diseases such as cancer. Elucidation of these non-canonical mechanisms reveals the complexity of translational control and points out their potential as prospective novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Lacerda
- Department of Human Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Juliane Menezes
- Department of Human Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luísa Romão
- Department of Human Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Xia Y, Yang C, Hu N, Yang Z, He X, Li T, Zhang L. Exploring the key genes and signaling transduction pathways related to the survival time of glioblastoma multiforme patients by a novel survival analysis model. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:950. [PMID: 28198665 PMCID: PMC5310279 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3256-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study is to explore the key genes and signaling transduction pathways related to the survival time of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients. RESULTS Our results not only showed that mutually explored GBM survival time related genes and signaling transduction pathways are closely related to the GBM, but also demonstrated that our innovated constrained optimization algorithm (CoxSisLasso strategy) are better than the classical methods (CoxLasso and CoxSis strategy). CONCLUSION We analyzed why the CoxSisLasso strategy can outperform the existing classical methods and discuss how to extend this research in the distant future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xia
- College of Computer and Information Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuanwei Yang
- Systems Biology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
- Breast Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Nan Hu
- Cancer Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhou Yang
- Cancer Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu He
- Chongqing Zhongdi Medical Information Technology Co., Ltd, Chongqing, 401320 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Li
- College of Mathematics and Statistics, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 People’s Republic of China
| | - Le Zhang
- College of Computer and Information Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 People’s Republic of China
- College of Mathematics and Statistics, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 People’s Republic of China
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Sukhanova IA, Sebentsova EA, Levitskaya NG. The acute and delayed effects of perinatal hypoxic brain damage in children and in model experiments with rodents. NEUROCHEM J+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712416040127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Cáceres CJ, Angulo J, Contreras N, Pino K, Vera-Otarola J, López-Lastra M. Targeting deoxyhypusine hydroxylase activity impairs cap-independent translation initiation driven by the 5'untranslated region of the HIV-1, HTLV-1, and MMTV mRNAs. Antiviral Res 2016; 134:192-206. [PMID: 27633452 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Replication of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is dependent on eIF5A hypusination. Hypusine is formed post-translationally on the eIF5A precursor by two consecutive enzymatic steps; a reversible reaction involving the enzyme deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS) and an irreversible step involving the enzyme deoxyhypusine hydroxylase (DOHH). In this study we explored the effect of inhibiting DOHH activity and therefore eIF5A hypusination, on HIV-1 gene expression. Results show that the expression of proteins from an HIV-1 molecular clone is reduced when DOHH activity is inhibited by Deferiprone (DFP) or Ciclopirox (CPX). Next we evaluated the requirement of DOHH activity for internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-mediated translation initiation driven by the 5'untranslated region (5'UTR) of the full length HIV-1 mRNA. Results show that HIV-1 IRES activity relies on DOHH protein concentration and enzymatic activity. Similar results were obtained for IRES-dependent translation initiation mediated by 5'UTR of the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) mRNAs. Interestingly, activity of the poliovirus IRES, was less sensitive to the targeting of DOHH suggesting that not all viral IRESs are equally dependent on the cellular concentration or the activity of DOHH. In summary we present evidence indicating that the cellular concentration of DOHH and its enzymatic activity play a role in HIV-1, HTLV-1 and MMTV IRES-mediated translation initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Joaquín Cáceres
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jenniffer Angulo
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nataly Contreras
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karla Pino
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Vera-Otarola
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo López-Lastra
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile.
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Bisio A, Latorre E, Andreotti V, Bressac-de Paillerets B, Harland M, Scarra GB, Ghiorzo P, Spitale RC, Provenzani A, Inga A. The 5'-untranslated region of p16INK4a melanoma tumor suppressor acts as a cellular IRES, controlling mRNA translation under hypoxia through YBX1 binding. Oncotarget 2016; 6:39980-94. [PMID: 26498684 PMCID: PMC4741874 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CDKN2A/p16INK4a is an essential tumor suppressor gene that controls cell cycle progression and replicative senescence. It is also the main melanoma susceptibility gene. Here we report that p16INK4a 5'UTR mRNA acts as a cellular Internal Ribosome Entry Site (IRES). The potential for p16INK4a 5'UTR to drive cap-independent translation was evaluated by dual-luciferase assays using bicistronic and monocistronic vectors. Results of reporters' relative activities coupled to control analyses for actual bicistronic mRNA transcription, indicated that the wild type p16INK4a 5'UTR could stimulate cap-independent translation. Notably, hypoxic stress and the treatment with mTOR inhibitors enhanced the translation-stimulating property of p16INK4a 5'UTR. RNA immunoprecipitation performed in melanoma-derived SK-Mel-28 and in a patient-derived lymphoblastoid cell line indicated that YBX1 can bind the wild type p16INK4a mRNA increasing its translation efficiency, particularly during hypoxic stress. Modulation of YBX1 expression further supported its involvement in cap-independent translation of the wild type p16INK4a but not a c.-42T>A variant. RNA SHAPE assays revealed local flexibility changes for the c.-42T>A variant at the predicted YBX1 binding site region. Our results indicate that p16INK4a 5'UTR contains a cellular IRES that can enhance mRNA translation efficiency, in part through YBX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Bisio
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Networks, Centre for Integrative Biology, CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Elisa Latorre
- Laboratory of Genomic Screening, Centre for Integrative Biology, CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Virginia Andreotti
- Laboratory of Genetics of Rare Hereditary Cancers, DiMI, University of Genoa, Italy and IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Mark Harland
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Giovanna Bianchi Scarra
- Laboratory of Genetics of Rare Hereditary Cancers, DiMI, University of Genoa, Italy and IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Ghiorzo
- Laboratory of Genetics of Rare Hereditary Cancers, DiMI, University of Genoa, Italy and IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Robert C Spitale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Provenzani
- Laboratory of Genomic Screening, Centre for Integrative Biology, CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Alberto Inga
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Networks, Centre for Integrative Biology, CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
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Abstract
eIF4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), is critical for cap-dependent and cap-independent translation. This study is the first to demonstrate that 4E-BP1 expression correlates with colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. Compared to its expression in normal colon epithelial cells, 4E-BP1 was upregulated in CRC cell lines and was detected in patient tumor tissues. Furthermore, high 4E-BP1 expression was statistically associated with poor prognosis. Hypoxia has been considered as an obstacle for cancer therapeutics. Our previous data showed that YXM110, a cryptopleurine derivative, exhibited anticancer activity via 4E-BP1 depletion. Here, we investigated whether YXM110 could inhibit protein synthesis under hypoxia. 4E-BP1 expression was notably decreased by YXM110 under hypoxic conditions, implying that cap-independent translation could be suppressed by YXM110. Moreover, YXM110 repressed hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) expression, which resulted in decreased downstream vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. These observations highlight 4E-BP1 as a useful biomarker and therapeutic target, indicating that YXM110 could be a potent CRC therapeutic drug.
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Purushothaman P, Uppal T, Sarkar R, Verma SC. KSHV-Mediated Angiogenesis in Tumor Progression. Viruses 2016; 8:E198. [PMID: 27447661 PMCID: PMC4974533 DOI: 10.3390/v8070198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), also known as Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), is a malignant human oncovirus belonging to the gamma herpesvirus family. HHV-8 is closely linked to the pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and two other B-cell lymphoproliferative diseases: primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and a plasmablastic variant of multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD). KS is an invasive tumor of endothelial cells most commonly found in untreated HIV-AIDS or immuno-compromised individuals. KS tumors are highly vascularized and have abnormal, excessive neo-angiogenesis, inflammation, and proliferation of infected endothelial cells. KSHV directly induces angiogenesis in an autocrine and paracrine fashion through a complex interplay of various viral and cellular pro-angiogenic and inflammatory factors. KS is believed to originate due to a combination of KSHV's efficient strategies for evading host immune systems and several pro-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory stimuli. In addition, KSHV infection of endothelial cells produces a wide array of viral oncoproteins with transforming capabilities that regulate multiple host-signaling pathways involved in the activation of angiogenesis. It is likely that the cellular-signaling pathways of angiogenesis and lymph-angiogenesis modulate the rate of tumorigenesis induction by KSHV. This review summarizes the current knowledge on regulating KSHV-mediated angiogenesis by integrating the findings reported thus far on the roles of host and viral genes in oncogenesis, recent developments in cell-culture/animal-model systems, and various anti-angiogenic therapies for treating KSHV-related lymphoproliferative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravinkumar Purushothaman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno, School of Medicine, 1664 N Virginia Street, MS 320, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
| | - Timsy Uppal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno, School of Medicine, 1664 N Virginia Street, MS 320, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
| | - Roni Sarkar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno, School of Medicine, 1664 N Virginia Street, MS 320, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
| | - Subhash C Verma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno, School of Medicine, 1664 N Virginia Street, MS 320, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
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Tanabe A, Tanikawa K, Tsunetomi M, Takai K, Ikeda H, Konno J, Torigoe T, Maeda H, Kutomi G, Okita K, Mori M, Sahara H. RNA helicase YTHDC2 promotes cancer metastasis via the enhancement of the efficiency by which HIF-1α mRNA is translated. Cancer Lett 2016; 376:34-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Walters B, Thompson SR. Cap-Independent Translational Control of Carcinogenesis. Front Oncol 2016; 6:128. [PMID: 27252909 PMCID: PMC4879784 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Translational regulation has been shown to play an important role in cancer and tumor progression. Despite this fact, the role of translational control in cancer is an understudied and under appreciated field, most likely due to the technological hurdles and paucity of methods available to establish that changes in protein levels are due to translational regulation. Tumors are subjected to many adverse stress conditions such as hypoxia or starvation. Under stress conditions, translation is globally downregulated through several different pathways in order to conserve energy and nutrients. Many of the proteins that are synthesized during stress in order to cope with the stress use a non-canonical or cap-independent mechanism of initiation. Tumor cells have utilized these alternative mechanisms of translation initiation to promote survival during tumor progression. This review will specifically discuss the role of cap-independent translation initiation, which relies on an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) to recruit the ribosomal subunits internally to the messenger RNA. We will provide an overview of the role of IRES-mediated translation in cancer by discussing the types of genes that use IRESs and the conditions under which these mechanisms of initiation are used. We will specifically focus on three well-studied examples: Apaf-1, p53, and c-Jun, where IRES-mediated translation has been demonstrated to play an important role in tumorigenesis or tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Walters
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL , USA
| | - Sunnie R Thompson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL , USA
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sST2 translation is regulated by FGF2 via an hnRNP A1-mediated IRES-dependent mechanism. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2016; 1859:848-59. [PMID: 27168114 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Translation is an energy-intensive process and tightly regulated. Generally, translation is initiated in a cap-dependent manner. Under stress conditions, typically found within the tumor microenvironment in association with e.g. nutrient deprivation or hypoxia, cap-dependent translation decreases, and alternative modes of translation initiation become more important. Specifically, internal ribosome entry sites (IRES) facilitate translation of specific mRNAs under otherwise translation-inhibitory conditions. This mechanism is controlled by IRES trans-acting factors (ITAF), i.e. by RNA-binding proteins, which interact with and determine the activity of selected IRESs. We aimed at characterizing the translational regulation of the IL-33 decoy receptor sST2, which was enhanced by fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2). We identified and verified an IRES within the 5'UTR of sST2. Furthermore, we found that MEK/ERK signaling contributes to FGF2-induced, sST2-IRES activation and translation. Determination of the sST2-5'UTR structure by in-line probing followed by deletion analyses identified 23 nucleotides within the sST2-5'UTR to be required for optimal IRES activity. Finally, we show that the RNA-binding protein heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNP A1) binds to the sST2-5'UTR, acts as an ITAF, and thus controls the activity of the sST2-IRES and consequently sST2 translation. Specifically, FGF2 enhances nuclear-cytoplasmic translocation of hnRNP A1, which requires intact MEK/ERK activity. In summary, we provide evidence that the sST2-5'UTR contains an IRES element, which is activated by a MEK/ERK-dependent increase in cytoplasmic localization of hnRNP A1 in response to FGF2, enhancing the translation of sST2.
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Bertolin AP, Katz MJ, Yano M, Pozzi B, Acevedo JM, Blanco-Obregón D, Gándara L, Sorianello E, Kanda H, Okano H, Srebrow A, Wappner P. Musashi mediates translational repression of the Drosophila hypoxia inducible factor. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:7555-67. [PMID: 27141964 PMCID: PMC5027473 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptation to hypoxia depends on a conserved α/β heterodimeric transcription factor called Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF), whose α-subunit is regulated by oxygen through different concurrent mechanisms. In this study, we have identified the RNA binding protein dMusashi, as a negative regulator of the fly HIF homologue Sima. Genetic interaction assays suggested that dMusashi participates of the HIF pathway, and molecular studies carried out in Drosophila cell cultures showed that dMusashi recognizes a Musashi Binding Element in the 3' UTR of the HIFα transcript, thereby mediating its translational repression in normoxia. In hypoxic conditions dMusashi is downregulated, lifting HIFα repression and contributing to trigger HIF-dependent gene expression. Analysis performed in mouse brains revealed that murine Msi1 protein physically interacts with HIF-1α transcript, suggesting that the regulation of HIF by Msi might be conserved in mammalian systems. Thus, Musashi is a novel regulator of HIF that inhibits responses to hypoxia specifically when oxygen is available.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maximiliano J Katz
- Instituto Leloir, Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires (1405), Argentina
| | - Masato Yano
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757, Asahimachidori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Berta Pozzi
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE, UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, Buenos Aires (C1428EHA), Argentina Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, Buenos Aires (C1428EHA), Argentina
| | - Julieta M Acevedo
- Instituto Leloir, Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires (1405), Argentina
| | | | - Lautaro Gándara
- Instituto Leloir, Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires (1405), Argentina
| | | | - Hiroshi Kanda
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Anabella Srebrow
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE, UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, Buenos Aires (C1428EHA), Argentina Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, Buenos Aires (C1428EHA), Argentina
| | - Pablo Wappner
- Instituto Leloir, Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires (1405), Argentina Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, Buenos Aires (C1428EHA), Argentina
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