1
|
Gahlot P, Kravic B, Rota G, van den Boom J, Levantovsky S, Schulze N, Maspero E, Polo S, Behrends C, Meyer H. Lysosomal damage sensing and lysophagy initiation by SPG20-ITCH. Mol Cell 2024; 84:1556-1569.e10. [PMID: 38503285 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Cells respond to lysosomal membrane permeabilization by membrane repair or selective macroautophagy of damaged lysosomes, termed lysophagy, but it is not fully understood how this decision is made. Here, we uncover a pathway in human cells that detects lipid bilayer perturbations in the limiting membrane of compromised lysosomes, which fail to be repaired, and then initiates ubiquitin-triggered lysophagy. We find that SPG20 binds the repair factor IST1 on damaged lysosomes and, importantly, integrates that with the detection of damage-associated lipid-packing defects of the lysosomal membrane. Detection occurs via sensory amphipathic helices in SPG20 before rupture of the membrane. If lipid-packing defects are extensive, such as during lipid peroxidation, SPG20 recruits and activates ITCH, which marks the damaged lysosome with lysine-63-linked ubiquitin chains to initiate lysophagy and thus triages the lysosome for destruction. With SPG20 being linked to neurodegeneration, these findings highlight the relevance of a coordinated lysosomal damage response for cellular homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pinki Gahlot
- Center of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bojana Kravic
- Center of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Giulia Rota
- Center of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes van den Boom
- Center of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sophie Levantovsky
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Munich, Germany
| | - Nina Schulze
- Imaging Center Campus Essen, Center of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Elena Maspero
- IFOM ETS, The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Polo
- IFOM ETS, The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Christian Behrends
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hemmo Meyer
- Center of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chung J, Park J, Lai ZW, Lambert TJ, Richards RC, Zhang J, Walther TC, Farese RV. The Troyer syndrome protein spartin mediates selective autophagy of lipid droplets. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:1101-1110. [PMID: 37443287 PMCID: PMC10415183 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01178-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are crucial organelles for energy storage and lipid homeostasis. Autophagy of LDs is an important pathway for their catabolism, but the molecular mechanisms mediating LD degradation by selective autophagy (lipophagy) are unknown. Here we identify spartin as a receptor localizing to LDs and interacting with core autophagy machinery, and we show that spartin is required to deliver LDs to lysosomes for triglyceride mobilization. Mutations in SPART (encoding spartin) lead to Troyer syndrome, a form of complex hereditary spastic paraplegia1. Interfering with spartin function in cultured human neurons or murine brain neurons leads to LD and triglyceride accumulation. Our identification of spartin as a lipophagy receptor, thus, suggests that impaired LD turnover contributes to Troyer syndrome development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeeyun Chung
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joongkyu Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Zon Weng Lai
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Talley J Lambert
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ruth C Richards
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiuchun Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tobias C Walther
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Robert V Farese
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Diquigiovanni C, Rizzardi N, Kampmeier A, Liparulo I, Bianco F, De Nicolo B, Cataldi-Stagetti E, Cuna E, Severi G, Seri M, Bertrand M, Haack TB, Marina AD, Braun F, Fato R, Kuechler A, Bergamini C, Bonora E. Mutant SPART causes defects in mitochondrial protein import and bioenergetics reversed by Coenzyme Q. Open Biol 2023; 13:230040. [PMID: 37433330 PMCID: PMC10335854 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in SPART cause Troyer syndrome, characterized by lower extremity spasticity and weakness, short stature and cognitive impairment, and a severe mitochondrial impairment. Herein, we report the identification of a role of Spartin in nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins. SPART biallelic missense variants were detected in a 5-year-old boy with short stature, developmental delay and muscle weakness with impaired walking distance. Patient-derived fibroblasts showed an altered mitochondrial network, decreased mitochondrial respiration, increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and altered Ca2+ versus control cells. We investigated the mitochondrial import of nuclear-encoded proteins in these fibroblasts and in another cell model carrying a SPART loss-of-function mutation. In both cell models the mitochondrial import was impaired, leading to a significant decrease in different proteins, including two key enzymes involved in CoQ10 (CoQ) synthesis, COQ7 and COQ9, with a severe reduction in CoQ content, versus control cells. CoQ supplementation restored cellular ATP levels to the same extent shown by the re-expression of wild-type SPART, suggesting CoQ treatment as a promising therapeutic approach for patients carrying mutations in SPART.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Diquigiovanni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Nicola Rizzardi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Antje Kampmeier
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45122, Germany
| | - Irene Liparulo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Francesca Bianco
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40064, Italy
| | - Bianca De Nicolo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Erica Cataldi-Stagetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Cuna
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Giulia Severi
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Marco Seri
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Miriam Bertrand
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Tobias B. Haack
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Adela Della Marina
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders, Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45122, Germany
| | - Frederik Braun
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders, Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45122, Germany
| | - Romana Fato
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Alma Kuechler
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45122, Germany
| | - Christian Bergamini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Elena Bonora
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Martinello C, Panza E, Orlacchio A. Hereditary spastic paraplegias proteome: common pathways and pathogenetic mechanisms. Expert Rev Proteomics 2023; 20:171-188. [PMID: 37788157 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2023.2260952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a group of inherited neurodegenerative disorders characterized by progressive spasticity and weakness of the lower limbs. These conditions are caused by lesions in the neuronal pyramidal tract and exhibit clinical and genetic variability. Ongoing research focuses on understanding the underlying mechanisms of HSP onset, which ultimately lead to neuronal degeneration. Key molecular mechanisms involved include axonal transport, cytoskeleton dynamics, myelination abnormalities, membrane trafficking, organelle morphogenesis, ER homeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and autophagy deregulation. AREAS COVERED This review aims to provide an overview of the shared pathogenetic mechanisms in various forms of HSPs. By examining disease-causing gene products and their associated functional pathways, this understanding could lead to the discovery of new therapeutic targets and the development of treatments to modify the progression of the disease. EXPERT OPINION Investigating gene functionality is crucial for identifying shared pathogenetic pathways underlying different HSP subtypes. Categorizing protein function and identifying pathways aids in finding biomarkers, predicting early onset, and guiding treatment for a better quality of life. Targeting shared mechanisms enables efficient and cost-effective therapies. Prospects involve identifying new disease-causing genes, refining molecular processes, and implementing findings in diagnosis, key for advancing HSP understanding and developing effective treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Martinello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emanuele Panza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Unità di Genetica Medica, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Orlacchio
- Laboratorio di Neurogenetica, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cusenza VY, Bonora E, Amodio N, Frazzi R. Spartin: At the crossroad between ubiquitination and metabolism in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188813. [PMID: 36195276 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
SPART is a gene coding for a multifunctional protein called spartin, localized in various organelles of human cells. Mutations in the coding region are responsible for a hereditary form of spastic paraplegia called Troyer syndrome while the epigenetic silencing has been demonstrated for some types of tumors. The main functions of this gene are associated to endosomic trafficking and receptor degradation, microtubule interaction, cytokinesis, fatty acids and oxidative metabolism. Spartin has been shown to be a target regulated by STAT3 and localizes also at the level of the mitochondrial outer membrane, where it forms part of a complex maintaining the integrity of the membrane potential. The most recent evidences report a downregulation of spartin in tumor tissues when compared to adjacent normal samples. This intriguing evidence supports further research aimed at clarifying the role of this protein in cancer development and metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Ylenia Cusenza
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Elena Bonora
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Amodio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Raffaele Frazzi
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Methylation Heterogeneity and Gene Expression of SPG20 in Solid Tumors. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13050861. [PMID: 35627246 PMCID: PMC9140344 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. The downregulation of the Spastic Paraplegia-20 (SPG20) gene is correlated with a rare autosomal recessive disorder called Troyer Syndrome. Only in recent years has SPG20 been studied and partially characterized in cancer. SPG20 has been shown to be hypermethylated in colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. In this study, we analyze the methylation status and the gene expression of SPG20 in different tumors of various histological origins. Methods. We analyzed the data generated through Infinium Human Methylation 450 BeadChip arrays and RNA-seq approaches extrapolated from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The statistics were performed with R 4.0.4. Results. We aimed to assess whether the hypermethylation of this target gene was a common characteristic among different tumors and if there was a correlation between the m-values and the gene expression in paired tumor versus solid tissue normal. Overall, our analysis highlighted that SPG20 open sea upstream the TSS is altogether hypermethylated, and the tumor tissues display a higher methylation heterogeneity compared to the solid tissue normal. The gene expression evidences a reproducible, higher gene expression in normal tissues. Conclusion. Our research, based on data mining from TCGA, evidences that colon and liver tumors display a consistent methylation heterogeneity compared to their normal counterparts. This parallels a downregulation of SPG20 gene expression in tumor samples and suggests a role for this multifunctional protein in the control of tumor progression.
Collapse
|
7
|
Alizadeh-Sedigh M, Fazeli MS, Mahmoodzadeh H, Sharif SB, Teimoori-Toolabi L. Methylation of FBN1, SPG20, ITF2, RUNX3, SNCA, MLH1, and SEPT9 genes in circulating cell-free DNA as biomarkers of colorectal cancer. Cancer Biomark 2021; 34:221-250. [PMID: 34957998 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-210315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Investigating aberrant tumor-specific methylation in plasma cell-free DNA provides a promising and noninvasive biomarker for cancer detection. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate methylation status of some promoter regions in the plasma and tumor tissues to find biomarkers for early detection of colorectal cancer. METHODS This case-control study on seventy colorectal cancer patients and fifty matched healthy controls used Methylation-Specific High-Resolution Melting Curve analysis to evaluate the methylation of the selected promoter regions in converted genomic tissue DNA and plasma cfDNA. RESULTS The methylation levels in selected regions of SPG20 (+24375 to +24680, +24209 to +24399, and +23625 to +23883), SNCA (+807 to +1013, +7 to +162, and -180 to +7), FBN1 (+223 to +429, +1 to +245, and -18 to -175), ITF2 (+296 to +436 and -180 to +55), SEPT9 (-914412 to -91590 and -99083 to -92264), and MLH1 (-13 to +22) were significantly higher in tumor tissues compared with normal adjacent tissues. The methylation levels of FBN1, ITF2, SNCA, and SPG20 promoters were significantly higher in the patient's plasma compared to patient's normal tissue and plasma of healthy control subjects. FBN1, SPG20, and SEPT9 promoter methylation had a good diagnostic performance for discriminating CRC tissues from normal adjacent tissues (AUC > 0.8). A panel of SPG20, FBN1, and SEPT9 methylation had a higher diagnostic value than that of any single biomarker and other panels in tissue-based assay (AUC > 0.9). The methylation of FBN1(a) and SPG20(a) regions, as the closest region to the first coding sequence (CDS), had a good diagnostic performance in plasma cfDNA (AUC > 0.8) while a panel consisted of FBN1(a) and SPG20(a) regions showed excellent diagnostic performance for CRC detection in plasma cfDNA (AUC > 0.9). CONCLUSION Methylation of FBN1(a) and SPG20(a) promoter regions in the plasma cfDNA can be an excellent simple, non-invasive blood-based test for early detection of CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Alizadeh-Sedigh
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Fazeli
- Department of Surgery, Division of Colorectal Surgery, Imam Khomeini Medical Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Habibollah Mahmoodzadeh
- Cancer Institute of Iran, Imam Khomeini Medical Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Behrouz Sharif
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ladan Teimoori-Toolabi
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shao X, Wang H, Yu Y, Zhou C. Combined detection of stool-based methylation indicators for early screening of colorectal neoplasm. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:11597-11607. [PMID: 34786085 PMCID: PMC8581910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the past two decades, several methylated DNA targets, including gene promoters and other intronic markers have been explored in tumors and benign lesions. Therefore, it can be expected that a panel of stool-based biomarkers will become a screening method for colorectal cancer (CRC) and adenoma with better sensitivity and specificity, aiming to decrease the incidence and mortality of CRC. In this study, the methylation of secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1), hyperplastic polyposis protein 1 (HPP1), α-internexin (INA), Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (WIF1), tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI2), ikaros family zinc finger protein 1 (IKZF1), and spastic paraplegia 20 (SPG20) were detected in stool samples from patients with CRC, adenoma, polyps, and healthy controls, respectively, and these biomarkers were used to establish a logistic regression model for classification. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn to assess the importance of each biomarker. Subsequently, a biomarker or combination of biomarkers was analyzed for early screening of high-risk neoplasm. The data showed that when a single biomarker was used for CRC screening, the sensitivity ranged from 63.9% to 76.8%, the area under the curve (AUC) ranged from 0.821 to 0.875, and the accuracy ranged from 77.0% to 84.5%. Finally, the methylation of SFRP1, HPP1, TFPI2, and IKZF1 was selected using a backward stepwise method in the multivariate logistic analysis according to the Akaike Information Criterion. These findings indicate that stool DNA biomarkers have good diagnostic power in discriminating high-risk level of neoplasm from healthy population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Shao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huiyu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunli Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Toupenet Marchesi L, Leblanc M, Stevanin G. Current Knowledge of Endolysosomal and Autophagy Defects in Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071678. [PMID: 34359848 PMCID: PMC8307360 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) refers to a group of neurological disorders involving the degeneration of motor neurons. Due to their clinical and genetic heterogeneity, finding common effective therapeutics is difficult. Therefore, a better understanding of the common pathological mechanisms is necessary. The role of several HSP genes/proteins is linked to the endolysosomal and autophagic pathways, suggesting a functional convergence. Furthermore, impairment of these pathways is particularly interesting since it has been linked to other neurodegenerative diseases, which would suggest that the nervous system is particularly sensitive to the disruption of the endolysosomal and autophagic systems. In this review, we will summarize the involvement of HSP proteins in the endolysosomal and autophagic pathways in order to clarify their functioning and decipher some of the pathological mechanisms leading to HSP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liriopé Toupenet Marchesi
- Institut du Cerveau—Paris Brain Institute—ICM, INSERM, CNRS, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 75013 Paris, France; (L.T.M.); (M.L.)
- Neurogenetics Team, EPHE, Paris Sciences Lettres Research University, 75000 Paris, France
| | - Marion Leblanc
- Institut du Cerveau—Paris Brain Institute—ICM, INSERM, CNRS, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 75013 Paris, France; (L.T.M.); (M.L.)
- Neurogenetics Team, EPHE, Paris Sciences Lettres Research University, 75000 Paris, France
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- Institut du Cerveau—Paris Brain Institute—ICM, INSERM, CNRS, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 75013 Paris, France; (L.T.M.); (M.L.)
- Neurogenetics Team, EPHE, Paris Sciences Lettres Research University, 75000 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mahoney M, Damalanka VC, Tartell MA, Chung DH, Lourenco AL, Pwee D, Mayer Bridwell AE, Hoffmann M, Voss J, Karmakar P, Azouz N, Klingler AM, Rothlauf PW, Thompson CE, Lee M, Klampfer L, Stallings C, Rothenberg ME, Pöhlmann S, Whelan SP, O'Donoghue AJ, Craik CS, Janetka JW. A novel class of TMPRSS2 inhibitors potently block SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV viral entry and protect human epithelial lung cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021:2021.05.06.442935. [PMID: 34131661 DOI: 10.1101/2021.08.18.456894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The host cell serine protease TMPRSS2 is an attractive therapeutic target for COVID-19 drug discovery. This protease activates the Spike protein of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and of other coronaviruses and is essential for viral spread in the lung. Utilizing rational structure-based drug design (SBDD) coupled to substrate specificity screening of TMPRSS2, we have discovered a novel class of small molecule ketobenzothiazole TMPRSS2 inhibitors with significantly improved activity over existing irreversible inhibitors Camostat and Nafamostat. Lead compound MM3122 ( 4 ) has an IC 50 of 340 pM against recombinant full-length TMPRSS2 protein, an EC 50 of 430 pM in blocking host cell entry into Calu-3 human lung epithelial cells of a newly developed VSV SARS-CoV-2 chimeric virus, and an EC 50 of 74 nM in inhibiting cytopathic effects induced by SARS-CoV-2 virus in Calu-3 cells. Further, MM3122 blocks Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) cell entry with an EC 50 of 870 pM. MM3122 has excellent metabolic stability, safety, and pharmacokinetics in mice with a half-life of 8.6 hours in plasma and 7.5 h in lung tissue, making it suitable for in vivo efficacy evaluation and a promising drug candidate for COVID-19 treatment.
Collapse
|
11
|
Akhlaghipour I, Bina AR, Abbaszadegan MR, Moghbeli M. Methylation as a critical epigenetic process during tumor progressions among Iranian population: an overview. Genes Environ 2021; 43:14. [PMID: 33883026 PMCID: PMC8059047 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-021-00187-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the main health challenges and leading causes of deaths in the world. Various environmental and genetic risk factors are associated with tumorigenesis. Epigenetic deregulations are also important risk factors during tumor progression which are reversible transcriptional alterations without any genomic changes. Various mechanisms are involved in epigenetic regulations such as DNA methylation, chromatin modifications, and noncoding RNAs. Cancer incidence and mortality have a growing trend during last decades among Iranian population which are significantly related to the late diagnosis. Therefore, it is required to prepare efficient molecular diagnostic panels for the early detection of cancer in this population. Promoter hyper methylation is frequently observed as an inhibitory molecular mechanism in various genes associated with DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis during tumor progression. Since aberrant promoter methylations have critical roles in early stages of neoplastic transformations, in present review we have summarized all of the aberrant methylations which have been reported during tumor progression among Iranian cancer patients. Aberrant promoter methylations are targetable and prepare novel therapeutic options for the personalized medicine in cancer patients. This review paves the way to introduce a non-invasive methylation specific panel of diagnostic markers for the early detection of cancer among Iranians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iman Akhlaghipour
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Bina
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | | | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
LaMantia AS. Why Does the Face Predict the Brain? Neural Crest Induction, Craniofacial Morphogenesis, and Neural Circuit Development. Front Physiol 2020; 11:610970. [PMID: 33362582 PMCID: PMC7759552 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.610970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchephalic and rhombencephalic neural crest cells generate the craniofacial skeleton, special sensory organs, and subsets of cranial sensory receptor neurons. They do so while preserving the anterior-posterior (A-P) identity of their neural tube origins. This organizational principle is paralleled by central nervous system circuits that receive and process information from facial structures whose A-P identity is in register with that in the brain. Prior to morphogenesis of the face and its circuits, however, neural crest cells act as "inductive ambassadors" from distinct regions of the neural tube to induce differentiation of target craniofacial domains and establish an initial interface between the brain and face. At every site of bilateral, non-axial secondary induction, neural crest constitutes all or some of the mesenchymal compartment for non-axial mesenchymal/epithelial (M/E) interactions. Thus, for epithelial domains in the craniofacial primordia, aortic arches, limbs, the spinal cord, and the forebrain (Fb), neural crest-derived mesenchymal cells establish local sources of inductive signaling molecules that drive morphogenesis and cellular differentiation. This common mechanism for building brains, faces, limbs, and hearts, A-P axis specified, neural crest-mediated M/E induction, coordinates differentiation of distal structures, peripheral neurons that provide their sensory or autonomic innervation in some cases, and central neural circuits that regulate their behavioral functions. The essential role of this neural crest-mediated mechanism identifies it as a prime target for pathogenesis in a broad range of neurodevelopmental disorders. Thus, the face and the brain "predict" one another, and this mutual developmental relationship provides a key target for disruption by developmental pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony-Samuel LaMantia
- Laboratory of Developmental Disorders and Genetics and Center for Neurobiology Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Virginia Tech-Carilion School of Medicine, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rickman OJ, Baple EL, Crosby AH. Lipid metabolic pathways converge in motor neuron degenerative diseases. Brain 2020; 143:1073-1087. [PMID: 31848577 PMCID: PMC7174042 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor neuron diseases (MNDs) encompass an extensive and heterogeneous group of upper and/or lower motor neuron degenerative disorders, in which the particular clinical outcomes stem from the specific neuronal component involved in each condition. While mutations in a large number of molecules associated with lipid metabolism are known to be implicated in MNDs, there remains a lack of clarity regarding the key functional pathways involved, and their inter-relationships. This review highlights evidence that defines defects within two specific lipid (cholesterol/oxysterol and phosphatidylethanolamine) biosynthetic cascades as being centrally involved in MND, particularly hereditary spastic paraplegia. We also identify how other MND-associated molecules may impact these cascades, in particular through impaired organellar interfacing, to propose ‘subcellular lipidome imbalance’ as a likely common pathomolecular theme in MND. Further exploration of this mechanism has the potential to identify new therapeutic targets and management strategies for modulation of disease progression in hereditary spastic paraplegias and other MNDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia J Rickman
- Medical Research (Level 4), RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Emma L Baple
- Medical Research (Level 4), RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Andrew H Crosby
- Medical Research (Level 4), RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hou W, Pei J, Wang Y, Zhang J, Zheng H, Cui R. Anti-ageing effects of red ginseng on female Drosophila melanogaster. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:3751-3755. [PMID: 32022406 PMCID: PMC7131930 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Red ginseng (RG) was recently reported to extend the lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster. However, the mechanism underlying this effect has not yet been elucidated. The present study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the RG‐mediated prolongation of the lifespan of female D melanogaster. In this study, protein changes in 36‐day‐old female D melanogaster were identified using isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ), and levels of differentially expressed proteins were verified by quantitative real‐time PCR and Western blotting. Our studies have shown that RG concentrations of 12.5, 15 and 17.5 mg/mL significantly prolonged the lifespan. Eleven proteins were up‐regulated and 46 were down‐regulated between the RG and control groups; and Pebp1 expression was significantly down‐regulated. In addition, AKT and p‐AKT were down‐regulated, and ERK, p‐ERK and Raf1 were up‐regulated by RG. Therefore, RG significantly prolonged the lifespan of female D melanogaster by reducing the expression of Pebp1, up‐regulating ERK and inhibiting the AKT pathway. RG may be a potential drug for anti‐ageing treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Jin Pei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - YingPing Wang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - HouSheng Zheng
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Ranji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fowler PC, Garcia-Pardo ME, Simpson JC, O'Sullivan NC. NeurodegenERation: The Central Role for ER Contacts in Neuronal Function and Axonopathy, Lessons From Hereditary Spastic Paraplegias and Related Diseases. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1051. [PMID: 31680803 PMCID: PMC6801308 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a group of inherited neurodegenerative conditions whose characteristic feature is degeneration of the longest axons within the corticospinal tract which leads to progressive spasticity and weakness of the lower limbs. Though highly genetically heterogeneous, the majority of HSP cases are caused by mutations in genes encoding proteins that are responsible for generating and organizing the tubular endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Despite this, the role of the ER within neurons, particularly the long axons affected in HSP, is not well understood. Throughout axons, ER tubules make extensive contacts with other organelles, the cytoskeleton and the plasma membrane. At these ER contacts, protein complexes work in concert to perform specialized functions including organelle shaping, calcium homeostasis and lipid biogenesis, all of which are vital for neuronal survival and may be disrupted by HSP-causing mutations. In this article we summarize the proteins which mediate ER contacts, review the functions these contacts are known to carry out within neurons, and discuss the potential contribution of disruption of ER contacts to axonopathy in HSP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippa C Fowler
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Elena Garcia-Pardo
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jeremy C Simpson
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh C O'Sullivan
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Guo W, Stoklund Dittlau K, Van Den Bosch L. Axonal transport defects and neurodegeneration: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 99:133-150. [PMID: 31542222 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Because of the extremely polarized morphology, the proper functioning of neurons largely relies on the efficient cargo transport along the axon. Axonal transport defects have been reported in multiple neurodegenerative diseases as an early pathological feature. The discovery of mutations in human genes involved in the transport machinery provide a direct causative relationship between axonal transport defects and neurodegeneration. Here, we summarize the current genetic findings related to axonal transport in neurodegenerative diseases, and we discuss the relationship between axonal transport defects and other pathological changes observed in neurodegeneration. In addition, we summarize the therapeutic approaches targeting the axonal transport machinery in studies of neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we review the technical advances in tracking axonal transport both in vivo and in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Guo
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven-Stem Cell Institute (SCIL), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katarina Stoklund Dittlau
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Diquigiovanni C, Bergamini C, Diaz R, Liparulo I, Bianco F, Masin L, Baldassarro VA, Rizzardi N, Tranchina A, Buscherini F, Wischmeijer A, Pippucci T, Scarano E, Cordelli DM, Fato R, Seri M, Paracchini S, Bonora E. A novel mutation in SPART gene causes a severe neurodevelopmental delay due to mitochondrial dysfunction with complex I impairments and altered pyruvate metabolism. FASEB J 2019; 33:11284-11302. [PMID: 31314595 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802722r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in the SPART gene cause Troyer syndrome, a recessive form of spastic paraplegia resulting in muscle weakness, short stature, and cognitive defects. SPART encodes for Spartin, a protein linked to endosomal trafficking and mitochondrial membrane potential maintenance. Here, we identified with whole exome sequencing (WES) a novel frameshift mutation in the SPART gene in 2 brothers presenting an uncharacterized developmental delay and short stature. Functional characterization in an SH-SY5Y cell model shows that this mutation is associated with increased neurite outgrowth. These cells also show a marked decrease in mitochondrial complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) activity, coupled to decreased ATP synthesis and defective mitochondrial membrane potential. The cells also presented an increase in reactive oxygen species, extracellular pyruvate, and NADH levels, consistent with impaired complex I activity. In concordance with a severe mitochondrial failure, Spartin loss also led to an altered intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis that was restored after transient expression of wild-type Spartin. Our data provide for the first time a thorough assessment of Spartin loss effects, including impaired complex I activity coupled to increased extracellular pyruvate. In summary, through a WES study we assign a diagnosis of Troyer syndrome to otherwise undiagnosed patients, and by functional characterization we show that the novel mutation in SPART leads to a profound bioenergetic imbalance.-Diquigiovanni, C., Bergamini, C., Diaz, R., Liparulo, I., Bianco, F., Masin, L., Baldassarro, V. A., Rizzardi, N., Tranchina, A., Buscherini, F., Wischmeijer, A., Pippucci, T., Scarano, E., Cordelli, D. M., Fato, R., Seri, M., Paracchini, S., Bonora, E. A novel mutation in SPART gene causes a severe neurodevelopmental delay due to mitochondrial dysfunction with complex I impairments and altered pyruvate metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Diquigiovanni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Christian Bergamini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBit), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rebeca Diaz
- School of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Liparulo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBit), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Bianco
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Masin
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBit), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Rizzardi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBit), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonia Tranchina
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Buscherini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anita Wischmeijer
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Genetics Service, Regional Hospital of South Tyrol, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Tommaso Pippucci
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emanuela Scarano
- Rare Disease Unit, Department of Pediatrics, St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Duccio Maria Cordelli
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Romana Fato
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBit), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Seri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Paracchini
- School of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Bonora
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Feng Q, Luo Y, Zhang XN, Yang XF, Hong XY, Sun DS, Li XC, Hu Y, Li XG, Zhang JF, Li X, Yang Y, Wang Q, Liu GP, Wang JZ. MAPT/Tau accumulation represses autophagy flux by disrupting IST1-regulated ESCRT-III complex formation: a vicious cycle in Alzheimer neurodegeneration. Autophagy 2019; 16:641-658. [PMID: 31223056 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1633862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy deficit induces intracellular MAPT/tau accumulation, the hallmark pathology in Alzheimer disease (AD) and other tauopathies; however, the reverse role of MAPT accumulation in autophagy and neurodegeneration is not clear. Here, we found that overexpression of human wild-type full-length MAPT, which models MAPT pathologies as seen in sporadic AD patients, induced autophagy deficits via repression of autophagosome-lysosome fusion leading to significantly increased LC3 (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3)-II and SQSTM1/p62 (sequestosome 1) protein levels with autophagosome accumulation. At the molecular level, intracellular MAPT aggregation inhibited expression of IST1 (IST1 factor associated with ESCRT-III), a positive modulator for the formation of ESCRT (the Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport) complex that is required for autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Upregulating IST1 in human MAPT transgenic mice attenuated autophagy deficit with reduced MAPT aggregation and ameliorated synaptic plasticity and cognitive functions, while downregulating IST1 per se induced autophagy deficit with impaired synapse and cognitive function in naïve mice. IST1 can facilitate association of CHMP2B (charged multivesicular body protein 2B) and CHMP4B/SNF7-2 to form ESCRT-III complex, while lack of IST1 impeded the complex formation. Finally, we demonstrate that MAPT accumulation suppresses IST1 transcription with the mechanisms involving the ANP32A-regulated mask of histone acetylation. Our findings suggest that the AD-like MAPT accumulation can repress autophagosome-lysosome fusion by deregulating ANP32A-INHAT-IST1-ESCRT-III pathway, which also reveals a vicious cycle of MAPT accumulation and autophagy deficit in the chronic course of AD neurodegeneration.Abbreviations: AAV: adeno-associated virus; Aβ: β-amyloid; aCSF: artificial cerebrospinal fluid; AD: Alzheimer disease; ANP32A: acidic nuclear phosphoprotein 32 family member A; ATG: autophagy related; AVs: autophagic vacuoles; CEBPB: CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta; CHMP: charged multivesicular body protein; DMEM: Dulbecco's modified eagle's medium; EBSS: Earle's balanced salt solution; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor; ESCRT: endosomal sorting complex required for transport; fEPSPs: field excitatory postsynaptic potentials; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GSK3B: glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta; HAT: histone acetyl transferase; HDAC: histone deacetylase; INHAT: inhibitor of histone acetyl transferase; IST1: IST1 factor associated with ESCRT-III; LAMP2: lysosomal associated membrane protein 2; LTP: long-term potentiation; MAP1LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MAPT/tau: microtubule associated protein tau; MVB: multivesicular bodies; MWM: Morris water maze; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline solution; RAB7: member RAS oncogene family; SNAREs: soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Feng
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China and Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Luo
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China and Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang-Nan Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi-Fei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao-Yue Hong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China and Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong-Shen Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China and Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia-Chun Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China and Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China and Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Guang Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China and Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun-Fei Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China and Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China and Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China and Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China and Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gong-Ping Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China and Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, JS, China
| | - Jian-Zhi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China and Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, JS, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wei KL, Chou JL, Chen YC, Jin H, Chuang YM, Wu CS, Chan MWY. Methylomics analysis identifies a putative STAT3 target, SPG20, as a noninvasive epigenetic biomarker for early detection of gastric cancer. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218338. [PMID: 31194837 PMCID: PMC6564691 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer worldwide. Our previous studies showed that aberrant activation of JAK/STAT3 signaling confer epigenetically silences STAT3 target genes in gastric cancer. To further investigate the clinical significance of this phenomenon, we performed Illumina 850K methylation microarray analysis in AGS gastric cancer cells, and cells depleted of STAT3. Integrative computational analysis identified SPG20 as a putative STAT3 epigenetic target, showing promoter hypomethylation in STAT3-depleted AGS cells. Bisulphite pyrosequencing and qRT-PCR confirmed that SPG20 is epigenetically silenced by promoter hypermethylation in a panel of gastric cancer cell lines including AGS cells, but not in immortalized gastric epithelial GES cells. Expression of SPG20 could be restored by the treatment with a DNMT inhibitor, further suggesting that SPG20 is epigenetically silenced by promoter methylation. Clinically, a progressive increase in SPG20 methylation was observed in tissues samples from gastritis (n = 34), to intestinal metaplasia (IM, n = 33), to gastric cancer (n = 53). Importantly, SPG20 methylation could be detected in cell-free DNA isolated from serum samples of gastritis, IM and gastric cancer patients, having a progressive similar to tissues. Taken together, SPG20, a potential STAT3 target, is frequently methylated in gastric cancer, representing a novel noninvasive biomarker for early detection of this deadly disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Liang Wei
- Division of Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Liang Chou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Chen Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Hongchuan Jin
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Min Chuang
- Department Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chia Yi, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Shyong Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CSW); (MC)
| | - Michael W. Y. Chan
- Department Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chia Yi, Taiwan
- Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society, National Chung Cheng University, Chia Yi, Taiwan
- Center for Nano Bio-Detection, National Chung Cheng University, Chia Yi, Taiwan
- Epigenomics and Human Disease Research Center, National Chung Cheng University, Chia Yi, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CSW); (MC)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Aberrant methylation status of SPG20 promoter in hepatocellular carcinoma: A potential tumor metastasis biomarker. Cancer Genet 2019; 233-234:48-55. [PMID: 31109594 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to analyze the methylation levels of SPG20 promotor region and explore the association between the methylation levels and clinical features in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS We collected paired of HCC and adjacent non-cancerous tissues (ANT) from 160 HCC patients and analyze the methylation levels through MassARRAY Analyzer 4. The statistical calculations were performed using SPSS version 22.0. Real-time-quantification PCR was performed to assess expression levels of SPG20 in HCC cell lines. Wound healing assay and transwell assay was used to measure cell migration capacity. RESULT We found that mean methylation level of SPG20 in tumor tissues was significantly higher than that in ANT (7.3% vs. 16.2%, P<0.0013). There was a significantly negative correlation between expression level and methylation level of SPG20 (P<0.01). In addition, the methylation levels in HCC were correlated with age and HBV infection. Meanwhile, micro-satellite tumors (P = 0.016) and tumor number (P = 0.018) was found significantly associated with increased methylation levels of several CpG sites and the mean levels of SPG20 promotor in ANT. In addtion, the capacity of cell migration was significantly enhanced in SPG20 knock-down HCC cells. CONCLUSION The hypermethylation status of SPG20 gene promoter is significantly associated with intra-hepatic metastasis and contribute to HCC metastasis.
Collapse
|
21
|
Boutry M, Morais S, Stevanin G. Update on the Genetics of Spastic Paraplegias. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2019; 19:18. [DOI: 10.1007/s11910-019-0930-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
22
|
Liu R, Su X, Long Y, Zhou D, Zhang X, Ye Z, Ma J, Tang T, Wang F, He C. A systematic review and quantitative assessment of methylation biomarkers in fecal DNA and colorectal cancer and its precursor, colorectal adenoma. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2019; 779:45-57. [PMID: 31097151 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) arises from accumulated genetic and epigenetic alterations, which provide the possibility to identify tumor-specific biomarkers by analyzing fecal DNA. Methylation status in human genes from tumor tissue is highlighted as promising biomarker in the early detection of CRC. A number of studies have documented altered methylation levels in DNA extracted from stool samples, but generated heterogeneous results. We performed a systematic review and quantitative assessment of existing studies to compare levels of DNA methylation in most frequently studied genes and their diagnostic value in CRC and its precursor, colorectal adenoma, with their counterparts in healthy subjects. Robust searches of the literature were performed in our study with explicit strategies and definite inclusion/exclusion criteria. Pooled data revealed that methylation levels of SFRP2, SFRP1, TFPI2, BMP3, NDRG4, SPG20, and BMP3 plus NDRG4 genes exceeded a sensitivity of 70% and a specificity of 80% for CRC detection. The DOR of the seven candidate biomarkers ranged from 19.80 to 334.33, indicating a good diagnostic power in discriminating cancer from normal tissues. The AUC range was from 0.88 to 0.95, indicating a good or very good discriminatory performance. When test results for BMP3 and NDRG4 were combined, the DOR of CRC detection was 98.36, which was higher than that for BMP3 and NDRG4 separately. As for adenoma detection, the DOR of methylated NDRG4 is higher than that for CRC (CRC vs. adenoma: 54.86 vs. 57.22). Both the sensitivity and specificity of NDRG4 for adenoma detection exceeded 70%. These findings demonstrate the eligibility and feasibility of DNA methylation as a minimally invasive biomarker in feces in the diagnosis of CRC and adenoma. The use of DNA from human stools has the potential to be readily applicable to detect aberrant DNA methylation levels among many subjects for CRC early screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongbin Liu
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Department of Ultrasound, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Su
- Department of Head and Neck, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, China
| | - Yakang Long
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dalei Zhou
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zulu Ye
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangjun Ma
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Tang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Caiyun He
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kobayashi M, Hoshino S, Abe T, Okita N, Tagawa R, Nagai W, Konno R, Suzuki Y, Furuya K, Ishikawa N, Okado H, Oku M, Iwamoto M, Miura Y, Sudo Y, Higami Y. Identification of WWP1 as an obesity-associated E3 ubiquitin ligase with a protective role against oxidative stress in adipocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 508:117-122. [PMID: 30471861 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.11.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) is not only the main tissue for energy storage but also an endocrine organ that secretes adipokines. Obesity is the most common metabolic disorder and is related to alterations in WAT characteristics, such as chronic inflammation and increasing oxidative stress. WW domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (WWP1) is a HECT-type ubiquitin E3 ligase that has been implicated in various pathologies. In the present study, we found that WWP1 was upregulated in obese WAT in a p53-dependent manner. To investigate the functions of WWP1 in adipocytes, a proteome analysis of WWP1 overexpression (OE) and knockdown (KD) 3T3-L1 cells was performed. This analysis showed a positive correlation between WWP1 expression and the abundance of several antioxidative proteins. Thus, we measured reactive oxygen species (ROS) in WWP1 OE and KD cells. Consistent with the proteome results, WWP1 OE reduced ROS levels, whereas KD increased them. These findings indicate that WWP1 is an obesity-inducible E3 ubiquitin ligase that can protect against obesity-associated oxidative stress in WAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology & Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan; Translational Research Center, Research Institute of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Hoshino
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology & Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan; Translational Research Center, Research Institute of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Takuro Abe
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology & Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Okita
- Translational Research Center, Research Institute of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan; Division of Pathological Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, 1-1-1 Daigakudori, Sanyo-onoda, Yamaguchi, 756-0884, Japan
| | - Ryoma Tagawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology & Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Wataru Nagai
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology & Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Konno
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology & Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yuki Suzuki
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology & Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Furuya
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology & Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Natsumi Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology & Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Okado
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology & Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Misako Oku
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology & Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Machiko Iwamoto
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Yuri Miura
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Yuka Sudo
- Translational Research Center, Research Institute of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Higami
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology & Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan; Translational Research Center, Research Institute of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cabe M, Rademacher DJ, Karlsson AB, Cherukuri S, Bakowska JC. PB1 and UBA domains of p62 are essential for aggresome-like induced structure formation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:2306-2311. [PMID: 29966650 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.06.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ALIS are large, transient, cytosolic aggregates that serve as storage compartments for ubiquitin-tagged defective ribosomal products. We determined the importance of the protein p62 in the formation of ALIS and demonstrated that two domains of p62-PB1 and UBA-are essential for ALIS assembly. Those two major binding domains of p62, also known as sequestosome 1, were shown to play a critical role in the formation of autophagosomes or cytoplasmic aggregates. Specifically, the PB1 domain is essential for self-oligomerization, and the UBA domain allows p62 to bind to polyubiquitin chains or ubiquitinated proteins. After stimulation of RAW 264.7 macrophages with lipopolysaccharide, we observed a significant decrease in the number of cells with ALIS. Importantly, cells overexpressing either a PB1 mutant or UBA-deleted p62 construct also exhibited a substantially diminished number of cells containing ALIS. Since both p62 and ubiquitin are found in ALIS, we evaluated the dynamics of YFP-tagged p62 in ALIS. In contrast to the findings of a previous study that evaluated GFP-tagged ubiquitin motility in ALIS, we determined that YFP-tagged p62 has very limited mobility. Lastly, we determined that GST-tagged full-length p62 binds to Lys-63-linked polyubiquitin chains but not to Lys-48-linked chains. Overall, our findings provide insight on the essential role that p62, particularly its PB1 and UBA domains, has in the formation of ALIS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maleen Cabe
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - David J Rademacher
- Core Imaging Facility and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Amelia B Karlsson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Srinivas Cherukuri
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Joanna C Bakowska
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Methylation-induced silencing of SPG20 facilitates gastric cancer cell proliferation by activating the EGFR/MAPK pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 500:411-417. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
26
|
Mutation hotspots at CTCF binding sites coupled to chromosomal instability in gastrointestinal cancers. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1520. [PMID: 29670109 PMCID: PMC5906695 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03828-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-specific driver mutations in non-coding genomic regions remain undefined for most cancer types. Here, we unbiasedly analyze 212 gastric cancer (GC) whole genomes to identify recurrently mutated non-coding regions in GC. Applying comprehensive statistical approaches to accurately model background mutational processes, we observe significant enrichment of non-coding indels (insertions/deletions) in three gastric lineage-specific genes. We further identify 34 mutation hotspots, of which 11 overlap CTCF binding sites (CBSs). These CBS hotspots remain significant even after controlling for a genome-wide elevated mutation rate at CBSs. In 3 out of 4 tested CBS hotspots, mutations are nominally associated with expression change of neighboring genes. CBS hotspot mutations are enriched in tumors showing chromosomal instability, co-occur with neighboring chromosomal aberrations, and are common in gastric (25%) and colorectal (19%) tumors but rare in other cancer types. Mutational disruption of specific CBSs may thus represent a tissue-specific mechanism of tumorigenesis conserved across gastrointestinal cancers. The impact of non-coding somatic mutations in gastric cancer is unknown. Here, using whole genome sequencing data from 212 gastric tumors, the authors identify recurring mutations at specific CTCF binding sites that are common across gastrointestinal cancers and associated with chromosomal instability.
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
The hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a heterogeneous group of neurologic disorders with the common feature of prominent lower-extremity spasticity, resulting from a length-dependent axonopathy of corticospinal upper motor neurons. The HSPs exist not only in "pure" forms but also in "complex" forms that are associated with additional neurologic and extraneurologic features. The HSPs are among the most genetically diverse neurologic disorders, with well over 70 distinct genetic loci, for which about 60 mutated genes have already been identified. Numerous studies elucidating the molecular pathogenesis underlying HSPs have highlighted the importance of basic cellular functions - especially membrane trafficking, mitochondrial function, organelle shaping and biogenesis, axon transport, and lipid/cholesterol metabolism - in axon development and maintenance. An encouragingly small number of converging cellular pathogenic themes have been identified for the most common HSPs, and some of these pathways present compelling targets for future therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig Blackstone
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kashima R, Hata A. The role of TGF-β superfamily signaling in neurological disorders. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:106-120. [PMID: 29190314 PMCID: PMC5846707 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmx124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The TGF-β superfamily signaling is involved in a variety of biological processes during embryogenesis and in adult tissue homeostasis. Faulty regulation of the signaling pathway that transduces the TGF-β superfamily signals accordingly leads to a number of ailments, such as cancer and cardiovascular, metabolic, urinary, intestinal, skeletal, and immune diseases. In recent years, a number of studies have elucidated the essential roles of TGF-βs and BMPs during neuronal development in the maintenance of appropriate innervation and neuronal activity. The new advancement implicates significant roles of the aberrant TGF-β superfamily signaling in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. In this review, we compile a number of reports implicating the deregulation of TGF-β/BMP signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of cognitive and neurodegenerative disorders in animal models and patients. We apologize in advance that the review falls short of providing details of the role of TGF-β/BMP signaling or mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. The goal of this article is to reveal a gap in our knowledge regarding the association between TGF-β/BMP signaling pathways and neuronal tissue homeostasis and development and facilitate the research with a potential to develop new therapies for neurological ailments by modulating the pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Risa Kashima
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Akiko Hata
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ring J, Rockenfeller P, Abraham C, Tadic J, Poglitsch M, Schimmel K, Westermayer J, Schauer S, Achleitner B, Schimpel C, Moitzi B, Rechberger GN, Sigrist SJ, Carmona-Gutierrez D, Kroemer G, Büttner S, Eisenberg T, Madeo F. Mitochondrial energy metabolism is required for lifespan extension by the spastic paraplegia-associated protein spartin. MICROBIAL CELL (GRAZ, AUSTRIA) 2017; 4:411-422. [PMID: 29234670 PMCID: PMC5722644 DOI: 10.15698/mic2017.12.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias, a group of neurodegenerative disorders, can be caused by loss-of-function mutations in the protein spartin. However, the physiological role of spartin remains largely elusive. Here we show that heterologous expression of human or Drosophila spartin extends chronological lifespan of yeast, reducing age-associated ROS production, apoptosis, and necrosis. We demonstrate that spartin localizes to the proximity of mitochondria and physically interacts with proteins related to mitochondrial and respiratory metabolism. Interestingly, Nde1, the mitochondrial external NADH dehydrogenase, and Pda1, the core enzyme of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, are required for spartin-mediated cytoprotection. Furthermore, spartin interacts with the glycolysis enhancer phospo-fructo-kinase-2,6 (Pfk26) and is sufficient to complement for PFK26-deficiency at least in early aging. We conclude that mitochondria-related energy metabolism is crucial for spartin's vital function during aging and uncover a network of specific interactors required for this function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ring
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Patrick Rockenfeller
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Kent Fungal Group, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Claudia Abraham
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jelena Tadic
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Poglitsch
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Katherina Schimmel
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Westermayer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Simon Schauer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bettina Achleitner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christa Schimpel
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioNanoNet Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Graz, Austria
| | - Barbara Moitzi
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerald N. Rechberger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Stephan J. Sigrist
- Institute for Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Guido Kroemer
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
- Cell Biology and Metabolomics Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sabrina Büttner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias Eisenberg
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Rezvani N, Alibakhshi R, Vaisi-Raygani A, Bashiri H, Saidijam M. Detection of SPG20 gene promoter-methylated DNA, as a novel epigenetic biomarker, in plasma for colorectal cancer diagnosis using the MethyLight method. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:3277-3284. [PMID: 28521434 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant promoter methylation of genes is a common epigenetic alteration in colorectal cancer (CRC). In the present study, spastic paraplegia 20 (SPG20) promoter-methylated DNA, as a potential diagnostic biomarker, was investigated in plasma and tumor tissue samples from patients with CRC. To the best of our knowledge, the quantification of SPG20 promoter-methylated DNA in plasma samples remains unreported. SPG20 promoter methylation was investigated in 32 paired tumor and healthy adjacent tissues, 37 plasma samples from patients with CRC, and in 37 plasma samples from a healthy control group, using the MethyLight method. The percentage of methylated reference (PMR) values was determined for each sample, and the sensitivity and specificity of this unique biomarker were evaluated. PMR values were significantly higher in plasma samples from patients with CRC compared with in those from the control group (P<0.05). Plasma specimens from patients and healthy controls exhibited median PMR values of 7.7 (95% CI, 4.15-15.28) and 0.59 (95% CI, 0.14-1.12), respectively. Notably, the median PMR values were identified as 42.39 (95% CI, 27.69-72.26) and 3.61 (95% CI, 1.07-5.29) in tumor and adjacent healthy tissues, respectively. Using receiver-operating characteristics curve analysis, the area under curve (AUC) was demonstrated to be 0.984 for plasma samples, exhibiting a sensitivity of 81.1% and a specificity of 96.9%. Furthermore, the AUC was 0.996 for tissue samples, revealing a sensitivity of 93.8% and specificity of 99.96%. Results from the present study indicate that the identification of SPG20 promoter-methylated DNA in plasma is a potential diagnostic biomarker for the detection of CRC. Furthermore, the results demonstrate a satisfactory sensitivity and specificity, indicating the importance of SPG20 methylation as a novel noninvasive biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nayebali Rezvani
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838736, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714869914, Iran
| | - Reza Alibakhshi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714869914, Iran
| | - Assad Vaisi-Raygani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714869914, Iran.,Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714869914, Iran.,Molecular Diagnostic Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714869914, Iran
| | - Homayoon Bashiri
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714869914, Iran
| | - Massoud Saidijam
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838736, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Novel Homozygous Missense Mutation in SPG20 Gene Results in Troyer Syndrome Associated with Mitochondrial Cytochrome c Oxidase Deficiency. JIMD Rep 2016; 33:55-60. [PMID: 27539578 DOI: 10.1007/8904_2016_580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Troyer syndrome is an autosomal recessive form of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) caused by deleterious mutations in the SPG20 gene. Although the disease is associated with a loss of function mechanism of spartin, the protein encoded by SPG20, the precise pathogenesis is yet to be elucidated. Recent data indicated an important role for spartin in both mitochondrial maintenance and function. Here we report a child presenting with progressive spastic paraparesis, generalized muscle weakness, dysarthria, impaired growth, and severe isolated decrease in muscle cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity. Whole exome sequencing identified the homozygous c.988A>G variant in SPG20 gene (p.Met330Val) resulting in almost complete loss of spartin in skeletal muscle. Further analyses demonstrated significant tissue specific reduction of COX 4, a nuclear encoded subunit of COX, in muscle suggesting a role for spartin in proper mitochondrial respiratory chain function mediated by COX activity. Our findings need to be verified in other Troyer syndrome patients in order to classify it as a form of HSP caused by mitochondrial dysfunction.
Collapse
|
32
|
Schreij AMA, Fon EA, McPherson PS. Endocytic membrane trafficking and neurodegenerative disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1529-45. [PMID: 26721251 PMCID: PMC11108351 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2105-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are amongst the most devastating of human disorders. New technologies have led to a rapid increase in the identification of disease-related genes with an enhanced appreciation of the key roles played by genetics in the etiology of these disorders. Importantly, pinpointing the normal function of disease gene proteins leads to new understanding of the cellular machineries and pathways that are altered in the disease process. One such emerging pathway is membrane trafficking in the endosomal system. This key cellular process controls the localization and levels of a myriad of proteins and is thus critical for normal cell function. In this review we will focus on three neurodegenerative diseases; Parkinson disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and hereditary spastic paraplegias, for which a large number of newly discovered disease genes encode proteins that function in endosomal membrane trafficking. We will describe how alterations in these proteins affect endosomal function and speculate on the contributions of these disruptions to disease pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M A Schreij
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Edward A Fon
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Peter S McPherson
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Summerville JB, Faust JF, Fan E, Pendin D, Daga A, Formella J, Stern M, McNew JA. The effects of ER morphology on synaptic structure and function in Drosophila melanogaster. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:1635-48. [PMID: 26906425 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.184929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a set of genetic diseases caused by mutations in one of 72 genes that results in age-dependent corticospinal axon degeneration accompanied by spasticity and paralysis. Two genes implicated in HSPs encode proteins that regulate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) morphology. Atlastin 1 (ATL1, also known as SPG3A) encodes an ER membrane fusion GTPase and reticulon 2 (RTN2, also known as SPG12) helps shape ER tube formation. Here, we use a new fluorescent ER marker to show that the ER within wild-type Drosophila motor nerve terminals forms a network of tubules that is fragmented and made diffuse upon loss of the atlastin 1 ortholog atl. atl or Rtnl1 loss decreases evoked transmitter release and increases arborization. Similar to other HSP proteins, Atl inhibits bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, and loss of atl causes age-dependent locomotor deficits in adults. These results demonstrate a crucial role for ER in neuronal function, and identify mechanistic links between ER morphology, neuronal function, BMP signaling and adult behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James B Summerville
- Department of BioSciences, Program in Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Joseph F Faust
- Department of BioSciences, Program in Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Ethan Fan
- Department of BioSciences, Program in Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Diana Pendin
- CNR, Neuroscience Institute, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Daga
- E. Medea Scientific Institute, 31015 Conegliano, Italy
| | - Joseph Formella
- Department of BioSciences, Program in Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Michael Stern
- Department of BioSciences, Program in Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - James A McNew
- Department of BioSciences, Program in Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sun C, Lu J, Yi G, Yuan J, Duan Z, Qu L, Xu G, Wang K, Yang N. Promising Loci and Genes for Yolk and Ovary Weight in Chickens Revealed by a Genome-Wide Association Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137145. [PMID: 26332579 PMCID: PMC4558091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Because it serves as the cytoplasm of the oocyte and provides a large amount of reserves, the egg yolk has biological significance for developing embryos. The ovary and its hierarchy of follicles are the main reproductive organs responsible for yolk deposition in chickens. However, the genetic architecture underlying the yolk and ovarian follicle weights remains elusive. Here, we measured the yolk weight (YW) at 11 age points from onset of egg laying to 72 weeks of age and measured the follicle weight (FW) and ovary weight (OW) at 73 weeks as part of a comprehensive genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 1,534 F2 hens derived from reciprocal crosses between White Leghorn (WL) and Dongxiang chickens (DX). For all ages, YWs exhibited moderate single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based heritability estimates (0.25–0.38), while the estimates for FW (0.16) and OW (0.20) were relatively low. Independent univariate genome-wide screens for each trait identified 12, 3, and 31 novel significant associations with YW, FW, and OW, respectively. A list of candidate genes such as ZAR1, STARD13, ACER1b, ACSBG2, and DHRS12 were identified for having a plausible function in yolk and follicle development. These genes are important to the initiation of embryogenesis, lipid transport, lipoprotein synthesis, lipid droplet promotion, and steroid hormone metabolism, respectively. Our study provides for the first time a genome-wide association (GWA) analysis for follicle and ovary weight. Identification of the promising loci as well as potential candidate genes will greatly advance our understanding of the genetic basis underlying dynamic yolk weight and ovarian follicle development and has practical significance in breeding programs for the alteration of yolk weight at different age points.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Congjiao Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoqiang Yi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingwei Yuan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongyi Duan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lujiang Qu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guiyun Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kehua Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ning Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Oxidative Stress in Caenorhabditis elegans: Protective Effects of Spartin. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130455. [PMID: 26114733 PMCID: PMC4482654 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Troyer syndrome is caused by a mutation in the SPG20 gene, which results in complete loss of expression of the protein spartin. We generated a genetic model of Troyer syndrome in worms to explore the locomotor consequences of a null mutation of the Caenorhabditis elegans SPG20 orthologue, F57B10.9, also known as spg-20. Spg-20 mutants showed decreased length, crawling speed, and thrashing frequency, and had a shorter lifespan than wild-type animals. These results suggest an age-dependent decline in motor function in mutant animals. The drug paraquat was used to induce oxidative stress for 4 days in the animals. We measured survival rate and examined locomotion by measuring crawling speed and thrashing frequency. After 4 days of paraquat exposure, 77% of wild-type animals survived, but only 38% of spg-20 mutant animals survived. Conversely, animals overexpressing spg-20 had a survival rate of 95%. We also tested lifespan after a 1 hour exposure to sodium azide. After a 24 hour recovery period, 87% of wild type animals survived, 57% of spg-20 mutant animals survived, and 82% of animals overexpressing spg-20 survived. In the behavioral assays, spg-20 mutant animals showed a significant decrease in both crawling speed and thrashing frequency compared with wild-type animals. Importantly, the locomotor phenotype for both crawling and thrashing was rescued in animals overexpressing spg-20. The animals overexpressing spg-20 had crawling speeds and thrashing frequencies similar to those of wild-type animals. These data suggest that the protein F57B10.9/SPG-20 might have a protective role against oxidative stress.
Collapse
|
36
|
Kok-Sin T, Mokhtar NM, Ali Hassan NZ, Sagap I, Mohamed Rose I, Harun R, Jamal R. Identification of diagnostic markers in colorectal cancer via integrative epigenomics and genomics data. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:22-32. [PMID: 25997610 PMCID: PMC4484611 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Apart from genetic mutations, epigenetic alteration is a common phenomenon that contributes to neoplastic transformation in colorectal cancer. Transcriptional silencing of tumor-suppressor genes without changes in the DNA sequence is explained by the existence of promoter hypermethylation. To test this hypothesis, we integrated the epigenome and transcriptome data from a similar set of colorectal tissue samples. Methylation profiling was performed using the Illumina InfiniumHumanMethylation27 BeadChip on 55 paired cancer and adjacent normal epithelial cells. Fifteen of the 55 paired tissues were used for gene expression profiling using the Affymetrix GeneChip Human Gene 1.0 ST array. Validation was carried out on 150 colorectal tissues using the methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MS-MLPA) technique. PCA and supervised hierarchical clustering in the two microarray datasets showed good separation between cancer and normal samples. Significant genes from the two analyses were obtained based on a ≥2-fold change and a false discovery rate (FDR) p-value of <0.05. We identified 1,081 differentially hypermethylated CpG sites and 36 hypomethylated CpG sites. We also found 709 upregulated and 699 downregulated genes from the gene expression profiling. A comparison of the two datasets revealed 32 overlapping genes with 27 being hypermethylated with downregulated expression and 4 hypermethylated with upregulated expression. One gene was found to be hypomethylated and downregulated. The most enriched molecular pathway identified was cell adhesion molecules that involved 4 overlapped genes, JAM2, NCAM1, ITGA8 and CNTN1. In the present study, we successfully identified a group of genes that showed methylation and gene expression changes in well-defined colorectal cancer tissues with high purity. The integrated analysis gives additional insight regarding the regulation of colorectal cancer-associated genes and their underlying mechanisms that contribute to colorectal carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teow Kok-Sin
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norfilza Mohd Mokhtar
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Zarina Ali Hassan
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ismail Sagap
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Isa Mohamed Rose
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Roslan Harun
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rahman Jamal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Milewska M, Byrne PC. Different expression levels of spartin cause broad spectrum of cellular consequences in human neuroblastoma cells. Cell Biol Int 2015; 39:1007-15. [PMID: 25821002 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia describes a diverse group of neurodegenerative conditions characterised by progressive spasticity and weakness of the lower limbs. Mutations in the SPG20 gene encoding spartin cause an autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia known as Troyer syndrome. To evaluate the cellular consequences of sustained spartin depletion in neuronal cells, we established several clonal SH-SY5Y cell lines with different level of spartin knockdown. Here, we report that cells with modest spartin downregulation show signs of neuronal differentiation such as increased neuritogenesis and cytoskeleton rearrangement. Interestingly, we also indicate that permanent high level spartin depletion results in impaired cell growth and multiple mitochondrial aberrations, which we speculate, arise as a result of chronic oxidative stress. Our studies demonstrate that the scale of spartin downregulation is the major factor that determines the severity of cellular consequences observed and suggest that there is a critical level of spartin expression which must be maintained for proper cellular functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Milewska
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Paula Catherine Byrne
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhao J, Hedera P. Strumpellin and Spartin, Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia Proteins, are Binding Partners. J Exp Neurosci 2015; 9:15-25. [PMID: 25987849 PMCID: PMC4426939 DOI: 10.4137/jen.s22969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is one of the most heterogeneous neurodegenerative diseases with more than 50 identified genes causing a relatively stereotypical phenotypic presentation. Recent studies of HSP pathogenesis have suggested the existence of shared biochemical pathways that are crucial for axonal maintenance and degeneration. We explored possible interactions of several proteins associated with this condition. Here we report interactions of endogenous and overexpressed strumpellin with another HSP-associated protein, spartin. This biochemical interaction does not appear to be a part of the Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein and Scar homologue (WASH) complex because spartin is not co-immunoprecipitated with WASH1 protein. The spartin–strumpellin association does not require the presence of the microtubule interacting and trafficking domain of spartin. Over-expression of mutant forms of strumpellin with the introduced HSP-causing mutations does not alter the colocalization of these two proteins. Knockdown of strumpellin in cultured cortical rat neurons interferes with development of neuronal branching and results in reduced expression of endogenous spartin. Proteosomal inhibition stabilized the levels of spartin and WASH1 proteins, supporting increased spartin degradation in the absence of strumpellin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Peter Hedera
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. ; Center for Molecular Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
|
40
|
PHD3 regulates EGFR internalization and signalling in tumours. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5577. [PMID: 25420589 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumours exploit their hypoxic microenvironment to induce a more aggressive phenotype, while curtailing the growth-inhibitory effects of hypoxia through mechanisms that are poorly understood. The prolyl hydroxylase PHD3 is regulated by hypoxia and plays an important role in tumour progression. Here we identify PHD3 as a central regulator of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activity through the control of EGFR internalization to restrain tumour growth. PHD3 controls EGFR activity by acting as a scaffolding protein that associates with the endocytic adaptor Eps15 and promotes the internalization of EGFR. In consequence, loss of PHD3 in tumour cells suppresses EGFR internalization and hyperactivates EGFR signalling to enhance cell proliferation and survival. Our findings reveal that PHD3 inactivation provides a novel route of EGFR activation to sustain proliferative signalling in the hypoxic microenvironment.
Collapse
|
41
|
Min M, Mayor U, Dittmar G, Lindon C. Using in vivo biotinylated ubiquitin to describe a mitotic exit ubiquitome from human cells. Mol Cell Proteomics 2014; 13:2411-25. [PMID: 24857844 PMCID: PMC4159658 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m113.033498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitotic division requires highly regulated morphological and biochemical changes to the cell. Upon commitment to exit mitosis, cells begin to remove mitotic regulators in a temporally and spatially controlled manner to bring about the changes that reestablish interphase. Ubiquitin-dependent pathways target these regulators to generate polyubiquitin-tagged substrates for degradation by the 26S proteasome. However, the lack of cell-based assays to investigate in vivo ubiquitination limits our knowledge of the identity of substrates of ubiquitin-mediated regulation in mitosis. Here we report an in vivo ubiquitin tagging system used in human cells that allows efficient purification of ubiquitin conjugates from synchronized cell populations. Coupling purification with mass spectrometry, we have identified a series of mitotic regulators targeted for polyubiquitination in mitotic exit. We show that some are new substrates of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome and validate KIFC1 and RacGAP1/Cyk4 as two such targets involved respectively in timely mitotic spindle disassembly and cell spreading. We conclude that in vivo biotin tagging of ubiquitin can provide valuable information about the role of ubiquitin-mediated regulation in processes required for rebuilding interphase cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Min
- From the ‡Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Ugo Mayor
- §CIC Biogune, Bizkaia Teknology Park, 48160 Derio, Basque Country, Spain; ¶Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Gunnar Dittmar
- ‖Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Catherine Lindon
- From the ‡Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Tokunaga M, Shiheido H, Hayakawa I, Utsumi A, Takashima H, Doi N, Horisawa K, Sakuma-Yonemura Y, Tabata N, Yanagawa H. Hereditary spastic paraplegia protein spartin is an FK506-binding protein identified by mRNA display. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 20:935-42. [PMID: 23890011 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Here, we used mRNA display to search for proteins that bind to FK506, a potent immunosuppressant drug, and identified spartin, a hereditary spastic paraplegia protein, from a human brain cDNA library. We demonstrated that FK506 binds to the C-terminal region of spartin and thereby inhibits the interaction of spartin with TIP47, one of the lipid droplet-associated proteins. We further confirmed that FK506 inhibits localization of spartin and its binder, an E3 ubiquitin ligase AIP4, in lipid droplets and increases the protein level of ADRP (adipose differentiation-related protein), which is a regulator of lipid homeostasis. These results strongly suggest that FK506 suppresses the proteasomal degradation of ADRP, a substrate of AIP4, by inhibiting the spartin-TIP47 interaction and thereby blocking the localization of spartin and AIP4 in lipid droplets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Tokunaga
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lo Giudice T, Lombardi F, Santorelli FM, Kawarai T, Orlacchio A. Hereditary spastic paraplegia: clinical-genetic characteristics and evolving molecular mechanisms. Exp Neurol 2014; 261:518-39. [PMID: 24954637 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous neurological disorders characterized by pathophysiologic hallmark of length-dependent distal axonal degeneration of the corticospinal tracts. The prominent features of this pathological condition are progressive spasticity and weakness of the lower limbs. To date, 72 spastic gait disease-loci and 55 spastic paraplegia genes (SPGs) have been identified. All modes of inheritance (autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and X-linked) have been described. Recently, a late onset spastic gait disorder with maternal trait of inheritance has been reported, as well as mutations in genes not yet classified as spastic gait disease. Several cellular processes are involved in its pathogenesis, such as membrane and axonal transport, endoplasmic reticulum membrane modeling and shaping, mitochondrial function, DNA repair, autophagy, and abnormalities in lipid metabolism and myelination processes. Moreover, recent evidences have been found about the impairment of endosome membrane trafficking in vesicle formation and about the involvement of oxidative stress and mtDNA polymorphisms in the onset of the disease. Interactome networks have been postulated by bioinformatics and biological analyses of spastic paraplegia genes, which would contribute to the development of new therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Temistocle Lo Giudice
- Laboratorio di Neurogenetica, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC) - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Lombardi
- Laboratorio di Neurogenetica, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC) - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Maria Santorelli
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Medicina Molecolare, Neurogenetica e Malattie Neurodegenerative, IRCCS Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Toshitaka Kawarai
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Health Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Antonio Orlacchio
- Laboratorio di Neurogenetica, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC) - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Karlsson AB, Washington J, Dimitrova V, Hooper C, Shekhtman A, Bakowska JC. The role of spartin and its novel ubiquitin binding region in DALIS occurrence. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:1355-65. [PMID: 24523286 PMCID: PMC3982999 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-11-0705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Troyer syndrome is an autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) caused by frameshift mutations in the SPG20 gene that results in a lack of expression of the truncated protein. Spartin is a multifunctional protein, yet only two conserved domains--a microtubule-interacting and trafficking domain and a plant-related senescence domain involved in cytokinesis and mitochondrial physiology, respectively--have been defined. We have shown that overexpressed spartin binds to the Ile44 hydrophobic pocket of ubiquitin, suggesting spartin might contain a ubiquitin-binding domain. In the present study, we demonstrate that spartin contributes to the formation of dendritic aggresome-like induced structures (DALIS) through a unique ubiquitin-binding region (UBR). Using short hairpin RNA, we knocked down spartin in RAW264.7 cells and found that DALIS frequency decreased; conversely, overexpression of spartin increased the percentage of cells containing DALIS. Using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we characterized spartin's UBR and defined the UBR's amino acids that are key for ubiquitin binding. We also found that spartin, via the UBR, binds Lys-63-linked ubiquitin chains but does not bind Lys-48-linked ubiquitin chains. Finally, we demonstrate that spartin's role in DALIS formation depends on key residues within its UBR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amelia B Karlsson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153 Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12222 Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zhang H, Song Y, Xia P, Cheng Y, Guo Q, Diao D, Wang W, Wu X, Liu D, Dang C. Detection of aberrant hypermethylated spastic paraplegia-20 as a potential biomarker and prognostic factor in gastric cancer. Med Oncol 2014; 31:830. [PMID: 24381142 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0830-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate hypermethylation of the spastic paraplegia-20 promoter as a potential biomarker and prognostic factor in gastric cancer. Four human gastric cancer cell lines, 41 primary gastric cancer tissue samples and corresponding peripheral blood samples, and blood samples of 21 healthy individuals were analyzed using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. Additionally, the expression of Spartin, the protein product encoded by spastic paraplegia-20, was analyzed in tissues from 119 gastric cancer patients who underwent radical gastrectomy at Xi'an Jiaotong University between 2005 and 2010. Hypermethylation of the spastic paraplegia-20 promoter was observed in 26 of 41 (63.4 %) primary tumors and 1 of 35 (2.9 %) adjacent normal gastric tissues (P < 0.001). Among matched peripheral blood samples from gastric cancer patients, 48.8 % exhibited hypermethylation of the spastic paraplegia-20 promoter. In contrast, no methylation of the spastic paraplegia-20 promoter was observed in blood samples from 21 healthy individuals (P < 0.001). Additionally, demethylation by 5-aza-dC treatment led to gene reactivation in gastric cancer cells exhibiting hypermethylation of the spastic paraplegia-20 promoter. Finally, immunohistochemical staining indicated that low expression of Spartin was a prognostic factor predicting poor outcomes in gastric cancer patients (P = 0.037). These findings suggested that hypermethylation of the spastic paraplegia-20 promoter occurred frequently in gastric cancer and could represent a novel prognostic factor. Furthermore, detection of this molecular feature in the peripheral blood of gastric cancer patients suggested that evaluation of the methylation state of the spastic paraplegia-20 promoter may be used as a noninvasive screening method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 W. Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ronchetti D, Tuana G, Rinaldi A, Agnelli L, Cutrona G, Mosca L, Fabris S, Matis S, Colombo M, Gentile M, Recchia AG, Kwee I, Bertoni F, Morabito F, Ferrarini M, Neri A. Distinct patterns of global promoter methylation in early stage chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2013; 53:264-73. [PMID: 24347044 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic and epigenomic studies of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are reshaping our understanding of the disease and have provided new perspectives for a more individualized diagnosis and new potential therapeutic targets. In this study, the global promoter methylation profile was determined in highly purified B-cells from 37 (Binet stage A) CLL patients, using high-resolution methylation microarrays (27,578 CpG). Overall, the methylation pattern correlated with the major biological (ZAP-70 and CD38), and molecular (IGHV mutation) markers, distinguishing CLL cases according to IGHV mutational status. Cell adhesion molecules were enriched in the signature of unmutated (UM) versus mutated (M-) CLL. Moreover, in M-CLL CpG hyper-methylation in three genes, including SPG20, was significantly anti-correlated with the corresponding gene expression level. Finally, the correlation between the methylation pattern and clinical parameters was investigated. Notably, out of 42 methyl-probes that were significantly associated with progression free survival (PFS), hyper-methylation of SPG20 was also positively associated with PFS. These data support the notion that epigenetic changes have clinical impact in CLL and may contribute to the identification of novel candidate disease-associated genes potentially useful to predict the clinical outcome of early stage CLL patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Ronchetti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Dulak AM, Stojanov P, Peng S, Lawrence MS, Fox C, Stewart C, Bandla S, Imamura Y, Schumacher SE, Shefler E, McKenna A, Cibulskis K, Sivachenko A, Carter SL, Saksena G, Voet D, Ramos AH, Auclair D, Thompson K, Sougnez C, Onofrio RC, Guiducci C, Beroukhim R, Zhou D, Lin L, Lin J, Reddy R, Chang A, Luketich JD, Pennathur A, Ogino S, Golub TR, Gabriel SB, Lander ES, Beer DG, Godfrey TE, Getz G, Bass AJ. Exome and whole-genome sequencing of esophageal adenocarcinoma identifies recurrent driver events and mutational complexity. Nat Genet 2013; 45:478-86. [PMID: 23525077 PMCID: PMC3678719 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 582] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has risen 600% over the last 30 years. With a 5-year survival rate of ~15%, the identification of new therapeutic targets for EAC is greatly important. We analyze the mutation spectra from whole-exome sequencing of 149 EAC tumor-normal pairs, 15 of which have also been subjected to whole-genome sequencing. We identify a mutational signature defined by a high prevalence of A>C transversions at AA dinucleotides. Statistical analysis of exome data identified 26 significantly mutated genes. Of these genes, five (TP53, CDKN2A, SMAD4, ARID1A and PIK3CA) have previously been implicated in EAC. The new significantly mutated genes include chromatin-modifying factors and candidate contributors SPG20, TLR4, ELMO1 and DOCK2. Functional analyses of EAC-derived mutations in ELMO1 identifies increased cellular invasion. Therefore, we suggest the potential activation of the RAC1 pathway as a contributor to EAC tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Austin M. Dulak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Petar Stojanov
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Shouyong Peng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Michael S. Lawrence
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Cameron Fox
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Chip Stewart
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Santhoshi Bandla
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Yu Imamura
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Steven E. Schumacher
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Erica Shefler
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Aaron McKenna
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kristian Cibulskis
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Andrey Sivachenko
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Scott L. Carter
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Gordon Saksena
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Douglas Voet
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Alex H. Ramos
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Daniel Auclair
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kristin Thompson
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Carrie Sougnez
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Robert C. Onofrio
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Candace Guiducci
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Rameen Beroukhim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David Zhou
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jules Lin
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Rishindra Reddy
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Andrew Chang
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - James D. Luketich
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA
| | - Arjun Pennathur
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Todd R. Golub
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Stacey B. Gabriel
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Eric S. Lander
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - David G. Beer
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tony E. Godfrey
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Gad Getz
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Adam J. Bass
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Nahm M, Lee MJ, Parkinson W, Lee M, Kim H, Kim YJ, Kim S, Cho YS, Min BM, Bae YC, Broadie K, Lee S. Spartin regulates synaptic growth and neuronal survival by inhibiting BMP-mediated microtubule stabilization. Neuron 2013; 77:680-95. [PMID: 23439121 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Troyer syndrome is a hereditary spastic paraplegia caused by human spartin (SPG20) gene mutations. We have generated a Drosophila disease model showing that Spartin functions presynaptically with endocytic adaptor Eps15 to regulate synaptic growth and function. Spartin inhibits bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling by promoting endocytic degradation of BMP receptor wishful thinking (Wit). Drosophila fragile X mental retardation protein (dFMRP) and Futsch/MAP1B are downstream effectors of Spartin and BMP signaling in regulating microtubule stability and synaptic growth. Loss of Spartin or elevation of BMP signaling induces age-dependent progressive defects resembling hereditary spastic paraplegias, including motor dysfunction and brain neurodegeneration. Null spartin phenotypes are prevented by administration of the microtubule-destabilizing drug vinblastine. Together, these results demonstrate that Spartin regulates both synaptic development and neuronal survival by controlling microtubule stability via the BMP-dFMRP-Futsch pathway, suggesting that impaired regulation of microtubule stability is a core pathogenic component in Troyer syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minyeop Nahm
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
In this issue of Neuron, Nahm et al. (2013) examine the Drosophila ortholog of spartin, the human gene mutated in a form of hereditary spastic paraplegia. Spartin inhibits BMP signaling and upregulation of BMP signaling may increase microtubule stability and neurodegeneration.
Collapse
|
50
|
Zhang H, Song YC, Dang CX. Detection of hypermethylated spastic paraplegia-20 in stool samples of patients with colorectal cancer. Int J Med Sci 2013; 10:230-4. [PMID: 23372428 PMCID: PMC3558710 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.5278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Analysis of aberrant hypermethylation in stool DNA might provide a novel strategy for noninvasive detection of colorectal cancer. AIMS To explore the feasibility of detecting hypermethylation in Spastic paraplegia-20 promoter as a stool-based DNA marker for detection of colorectal cancer. METHODS We collected 96 tissue and stool samples from patients with colorectal cancer and 30 stool samples healthy individuals. RESULTS Hypermethylated Spastic paraplegia-20 occurs in 85.4% (82/96) of patients with colorectal cancer in the tissue samples. In the stool samples, the results indicate 80.2% (77/96) sensitivity and 100% (30/30) specificity of the test for detecting colorectal cancer by using the stool samples as a noninvasive method. CONCLUSIONS The study reveals that hypermethylation in Spastic paraplegia-20 promoter is a highly specific and sensitive biomarker for screening colorectal cancer in stool samples as a noninvasive method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology the First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|