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Deng DX, Li CY, Zheng ZY, Wen B, Liao LD, Zhang XJ, Li EM, Xu LY. Prenylated PALM2 Promotes the Migration of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells Through Activating Ezrin. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100593. [PMID: 37328063 PMCID: PMC10393820 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins containing a CAAX motif at the C-terminus undergo prenylation for localization and activity and include a series of key regulatory proteins, such as RAS superfamily members, heterotrimeric G proteins, nuclear lamina protein, and several protein kinases and phosphatases. However, studies of prenylated proteins in esophageal cancer are limited. Here, through research on large-scale proteomic data of esophageal cancer in our laboratory, we found that paralemmin-2 (PALM2), a potential prenylated protein, was upregulated and associated with poor prognosis in patients. Low-throughput verification showed that the expression of PALM2 in esophageal cancer tissues was higher than that in their paired normal esophageal epithelial tissues, and it was generally expressed in the membrane and cytoplasm of esophageal cancer cells. PALM2 interacted with the two subunits of farnesyl transferase (FTase), FNTA and FNTB. Either the addition of an FTase inhibitor or mutation in the CAAX motif of PALM2 (PALM2C408S) impaired its membranous localization and reduced the membrane location of PALM2, indicating PALM2 was prenylated by FTase. Overexpression of PALM2 enhanced the migration of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells, whereas PALM2C408S lost this ability. Mechanistically, PALM2 interacted with the N-terminal FERM domain of ezrin of the ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) family. Mutagenesis indicated that lysine residues K253/K254/K262/K263 in ezrin's FERM domain and C408 in PALM2's CAAX motif were important for PALM2/ezrin interaction and ezrin activation. Knockout of ezrin prevented enhanced cancer cell migration by PALM2 overexpression. PALM2, depending on its prenylation, increased both ezrin membrane localization and phosphorylation of ezrin at Y146. In summary, prenylated PALM2 enhances the migration of cancer cells by activating ezrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Xia Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cheng-Yu Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Research Institute, Shantou Sub-center, Cancer Research Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen-Yuan Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Research Institute, Shantou Sub-center, Cancer Research Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bing Wen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lian-Di Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - En-Min Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Research Institute, Shantou Sub-center, Cancer Research Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
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Lade JM, Andrade MR, Undem C, Walker J, Jiang H, Yun X, Shimoda LA. Hypoxia enhances interactions between Na +/H + exchanger isoform 1 and actin filaments via ezrin in pulmonary vascular smooth muscle. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1108304. [PMID: 36926194 PMCID: PMC10011449 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1108304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to hypoxia, due to high altitude or chronic lung disease, leads to structural changes in the pulmonary vascular wall, including hyperplasia and migration of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Previous studies showed that hypoxia upregulates the expression of Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1) and that inhibition or loss of NHE1 prevents hypoxia-induced PASMC migration and proliferation. The exact mechanism by which NHE1 controls PASMC function has not been fully delineated. In fibroblasts, NHE1 has been shown to act as a membrane anchor for actin filaments, via binding of the adaptor protein, ezrin. Thus, in this study, we tested the role of ezrin and NHE1/actin interactions in controlling PASMC function. Using rat PASMCs exposed to in vitro hypoxia (4% O2, 24 h) we found that hypoxic exposure increased phosphorylation (activation) of ezrin, and promoted interactions between NHE1, phosphorylated ezrin and smooth muscle specific α-actin (SMA) as measured via immunoprecipitation and co-localization. Overexpression of wild-type human NHE1 in the absence of hypoxia was sufficient to induce PASMC migration and proliferation, whereas inhibiting ezrin phosphorylation with NSC668394 suppressed NHE1/SMA co-localization and migration in hypoxic PASMCs. Finally, overexpressing a version of human NHE1 in which amino acids were mutated to prevent NHE1/ezrin/SMA interactions was unable to increase PASMC migration and proliferation despite exhibiting normal Na+/H+ exchange activity. From these results, we conclude that hypoxic exposure increases ezrin phosphorylation in PASMCs, leading to enhanced ezrin/NHE1/SMA interaction. We further speculate that these interactions promote anchoring of the actin cytoskeleton to the membrane to facilitate the changes in cell movement and shape required for migration and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Lade
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Manuella R Andrade
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Clark Undem
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jasmine Walker
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Haiyang Jiang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Xin Yun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Larissa A Shimoda
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Barik GK, Sahay O, Paul D, Santra MK. Ezrin gone rogue in cancer progression and metastasis: An enticing therapeutic target. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188753. [PMID: 35752404 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer as it remains the most complicated, devastating, and enigmatic aspect of cancer. Several decades of extensive research have identified several key players closely associated with metastasis. Among these players, cytoskeletal linker Ezrin (the founding member of the ERM (Ezrin-Radixin-Moesin) family) was identified as a critical promoter of metastasis in pediatric cancers in the early 21st century. Ezrin was discovered 40 years ago as a aminor component of intestinal epithelial microvillus core protein, which is enriched in actin-containing cell surface structures. It controls gastric acid secretion and plays diverse physiological roles including maintaining cell polarity, regulating cell adhesion, cell motility and morphogenesis. Extensive research for more than two decades evinces that Ezrin is frequently dysregulated in several human cancers. Overexpression, altered subcellular localization and/or aberrant activation of Ezrin are closely associated with higher metastatic incidence and patient mortality, thereby justifying Ezrin as a valuable prognostic biomarker in cancer. Ezrin plays multifaceted role in multiple aspects of cancer, with its significant contribution in the complex metastatic cascade, through reorganizing the cytoskeleton and deregulating various cellular signaling pathways. Current preclinical studies using genetic and/or pharmacological approaches reveal that inactivation of Ezrin results in significant inhibition of Ezrin-mediated tumor growth and metastasis as well as increase in the sensitivity of cancer cells to various chemotherapeutic drugs. In this review, we discuss the recent advances illuminating the molecular mechanisms responsible for Ezrin dysregulation in cancer and its pleiotropic role in cancer progression and metastasis. We also highlight its potential as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in various cancers. More importantly, we put forward some potential questions, which we strongly believe, will stimulate both basic and translational research to better understand Ezrin-mediated malignancy, ultimately leading to the development of Ezrin-targeted cancer therapy for the betterment of human life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Kumar Barik
- Cancer Biology Division, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India; Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Osheen Sahay
- Cancer Biology Division, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India; Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Debasish Paul
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Centre for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Manas Kumar Santra
- Cancer Biology Division, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India.
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Wang M, Xiong C, Mercurio AM. PD-LI promotes rear retraction during persistent cell migration by altering integrin β4 dynamics. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213099. [PMID: 35344032 PMCID: PMC8965106 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202108083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the immune checkpoint function of PD-L1 has dominated its study, we report that PD-L1 has an unanticipated intrinsic function in promoting the dynamics of persistent cell migration. PD-L1 concentrates at the rear of migrating carcinoma cells where it facilitates retraction, resulting in the formation of PD-L1-containing retraction fibers and migrasomes. PD-L1 promotes retraction by interacting with and localizing the β4 integrin to the rear enabling this integrin to stimulate contractility. This mechanism involves the ability of PD-L1 to maintain cell polarity and lower membrane tension at the cell rear compared with the leading edge that promotes the localized interaction of PD-L1 and the β4 integrin. This interaction enables the β4 integrin to engage the actin cytoskeleton and promote RhoA-mediated contractility. The implications of these findings with respect to cell-autonomous functions of PD-L1 and cancer biology are significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdie Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Choua Xiong
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Arthur M Mercurio
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
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BifA Triggers Phosphorylation of Ezrin to Benefit Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus Survival from Neutrophils Killing. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10050932. [PMID: 35625669 PMCID: PMC9138245 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10050932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (SEZ) ATCC35246 can invade the brain and cause severe neutrophils infiltration in brain tissue. This microorganism can survive and reproduce to an extremely high CFU burden (108–109/organ) under stressful neutrophils infiltration circumstances. The aim of this research is to explore the mechanism of the SEZ hypervirulent strain with its specific bifA gene which avoids being eliminated by neutrophils in the brain. We isolated the primary mouse neutrophils to treat SEZ WT and bifA gene defective (ΔBif) strains. The ΔBif strain had a weakened function of defending against neutrophils killing in vitro. The interaction between BifA and ezrin proteins in neutrophils were identified by co-IP and immunoblot. In neutrophils, the BifA interacts with ezrin and triggers the phosphorylation of ezrin at its Thr567 site in a PKC-dependent manner, then the excessive elevation of phosphorylated-ezrin recruits Dbl and activates Rac1. Since the Rac1 is closely relevant to several critical cellular functions, its abnormal activation will lead to neutrophils dysfunction and benefit to SEZ survival from neutrophils killing. Our findings reveal a novel consequence of BifA and ERM family protein (for ezrin, radixin, moesin) interaction, which happens between BifA and ezrin in neutrophils and contributes to SEZ survival in the brain. BifA should be considered as a potential target for drug development to prevent SEZ infection.
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6
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Song Y, Ma X, Zhang M, Wang M, Wang G, Ye Y, Xia W. Ezrin Mediates Invasion and Metastasis in Tumorigenesis: A Review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:588801. [PMID: 33240887 PMCID: PMC7683424 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.588801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ezrin, as encoded by the EZR gene, is a member of the Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin (ERM) family. The ERM family includes three highly related actin filament binding proteins, Ezrin, Radixin, and Moesin. These three members share similar structural properties containing an N-terminal domain named FERM, a central helical linker region, and a C-terminal domain that mediates the interaction with F-actin. Ezrin protein is highly regulated through the conformational change between a closed, inactivate form and an open, active form. As a membrane-cytoskeleton linker protein, Ezrin facilitates numerous signal transductions in tumorigenesis and mediates diverse essential functions through interactions with a variety of growth factor receptors and adhesion molecules. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that Ezrin is an oncogene protein, as high levels of Ezrin are associated with metastatic behavior in various types of cancer. The diverse functions attributed to Ezrin and the understanding of how Ezrin drives the deadly process of metastasis are complex and often controversial. Here by reviewing recent findings across a wide spectrum of cancer types we will highlight the structures, protein interactions and oncogenic roles of Ezrin as well as the emerging therapeutic agents targeting Ezrin. This review provides a comprehensive framework to guide future studies of Ezrin and other ERM proteins in basic and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Song
- Central Laboratory, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaokun Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Central Laboratory, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Menghan Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoyu Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Ye
- Central Laboratory, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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7
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Takenaka N, Nakao M, Hasegawa K, Chan MP, Satoh T. The guanine nucleotide exchange factor FLJ00068 activates Rac1 in adipocyte insulin signaling. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:4370-4380. [PMID: 32978791 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Insulin stimulates glucose uptake via the translocation of the glucose transporter GLUT4 to the plasma membrane in adipocytes. Several lines of evidence suggest that the small GTPase Rac1 plays an important role in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and adipocytes. The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanisms whereby Rac1 is regulated in adipocyte insulin signaling. Here, we show that knockdown of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor FLJ00068 inhibits Rac1 activation and GLUT4 translocation by insulin and a constitutively activated form of the protein kinase Akt2. Furthermore, constitutively activated FLJ00068 induced Rac1 activation and Rac1-dependent GLUT4 translocation. Collectively, these results suggest the involvement of FLJ00068 downstream of Akt2 in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake signaling in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Takenaka
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Mika Nakao
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Kiko Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Man Piu Chan
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Takaya Satoh
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
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8
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Michie KA, Bermeister A, Robertson NO, Goodchild SC, Curmi PMG. Two Sides of the Coin: Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin and Merlin Control Membrane Structure and Contact Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081996. [PMID: 31018575 PMCID: PMC6515277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The merlin-ERM (ezrin, radixin, moesin) family of proteins plays a central role in linking the cellular membranes to the cortical actin cytoskeleton. Merlin regulates contact inhibition and is an integral part of cell–cell junctions, while ERM proteins, ezrin, radixin and moesin, assist in the formation and maintenance of specialized plasma membrane structures and membrane vesicle structures. These two protein families share a common evolutionary history, having arisen and separated via gene duplication near the origin of metazoa. During approximately 0.5 billion years of evolution, the merlin and ERM family proteins have maintained both sequence and structural conservation to an extraordinary level. Comparing crystal structures of merlin-ERM proteins and their complexes, a picture emerges of the merlin-ERM proteins acting as switchable interaction hubs, assembling protein complexes on cellular membranes and linking them to the actin cytoskeleton. Given the high level of structural conservation between the merlin and ERM family proteins we speculate that they may function together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine A Michie
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
| | - Adam Bermeister
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
| | - Neil O Robertson
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
| | - Sophia C Goodchild
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia.
| | - Paul M G Curmi
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
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Bizzarro V, Belvedere R, Pessolano E, Parente L, Petrella F, Perretti M, Petrella A. Mesoglycan induces keratinocyte activation by triggering syndecan‐4 pathway and the formation of the annexin A1/S100A11 complex. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:20174-20192. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luca Parente
- Department of Pharmacy University of Salerno Salerno Italy
| | - Francesco Petrella
- Department of Primary Care, Wound Care Service Health Local Agency Naples 3 South Napoli Italy
| | - Mauro Perretti
- William Harvey Research Institute Queen Mary University of London London UK
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10
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Takenaka N, Araki N, Satoh T. Involvement of the protein kinase Akt2 in insulin-stimulated Rac1 activation leading to glucose uptake in mouse skeletal muscle. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212219. [PMID: 30735546 PMCID: PMC6368313 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Translocation of the glucose transporter GLUT4 to the sarcolemma accounts for glucose uptake in skeletal muscle following insulin administration. The protein kinase Akt2 and the small GTPase Rac1 have been implicated as essential regulators of insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation. Several lines of evidence suggest that Rac1 is modulated downstream of Akt2, and indeed the guanine nucleotide exchange factor FLJ00068 has been identified as an activator of Rac1. On the other hand, the mechanisms whereby Akt2 and Rac1 are regulated in parallel downstream of phosphoinositide 3-kinase are also proposed. Herein, we aimed to provide additional evidence that support a critical role for Akt2 in insulin regulation of Rac1 in mouse skeletal muscle. Knockdown of Akt2 by RNA interference abolished Rac1 activation following intravenous administration of insulin or ectopic expression of a constitutively activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase mutant. The activation of another small GTPase RalA and GLUT4 translocation to the sarcolemma following insulin administration or ectopic expression of a constitutively activated form of phosphoinositide 3-kinase, but not Rac1, were also diminished by downregulation of Akt2 expression. Collectively, these results strongly support the notion that Rac1 acts downstream of Akt2 leading to the activation of RalA and GLUT4 translocation to the sarcolemma in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Takenaka
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Natsumi Araki
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takaya Satoh
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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11
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Ghaffari A, Hoskin V, Turashvili G, Varma S, Mewburn J, Mullins G, Greer PA, Kiefer F, Day AG, Madarnas Y, SenGupta S, Elliott BE. Intravital imaging reveals systemic ezrin inhibition impedes cancer cell migration and lymph node metastasis in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 21:12. [PMID: 30678714 PMCID: PMC6345049 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-018-1079-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Limited understanding of the cancer biology of metastatic sites is a major factor contributing to poor outcomes in cancer patients. The regional lymph nodes are the most common site of metastasis in most solid cancers and their involvement is a strong predictor of relapse in breast cancer (BC). We have previously shown that ezrin, a cytoskeletal–membrane linker protein, is associated with lymphovascular invasion and promotes metastatic progression in BC. However, the efficacy of pharmacological inhibition of ezrin in blocking cancer cell migration and metastasis remains unexplored in BC. Methods We quantified ezrin expression in a BC tissue microarray (n = 347) to assess its correlation with risk of relapse. Next, we developed a quantitative intravital microscopy (qIVM) approach, using a syngeneic lymphatic reporter mouse tumor model, to investigate the effect of systemic ezrin inhibition on cancer cell migration and metastasis. Results We show that ezrin is expressed at significantly higher levels in lymph node metastases compared to matched primary tumors, and that a high tumor ezrin level is associated with increased risk of relapse in BC patients with regional disease. Using qIVM, we observe a subset of cancer cells that retain their invasive and migratory phenotype at the tumor-draining lymph node. We further show that systemic inhibition of ezrin, using a small molecule compound (NSC668394), impedes the migration of cancer cells in vivo. Furthermore, systemic ezrin inhibition leads to reductions in metastatic burden at the distal axillary lymph node and lungs. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that the tumor ezrin level act as an independent biomarker in predicting relapse and provide a rationale for therapeutic targeting of ezrin to reduce the metastatic capacity of cancer cells in high-risk BC patients with elevated ezrin expression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13058-018-1079-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdi Ghaffari
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada. .,Cancer Research Institute, Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Victoria Hoskin
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.,Cancer Research Institute, Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Gulisa Turashvili
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Sonal Varma
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Jeff Mewburn
- Cancer Research Institute, Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Graeme Mullins
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.,Cancer Research Institute, Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Peter A Greer
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.,Cancer Research Institute, Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | | | - Andrew G Day
- Kingston General Hospital Research Institute, Kingston, Canada
| | | | - Sandip SenGupta
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Bruce E Elliott
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada. .,Cancer Research Institute, Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada.
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12
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Chiasson-MacKenzie C, Morris ZS, Liu CH, Bradford WB, Koorman T, McClatchey AI. Merlin/ERM proteins regulate growth factor-induced macropinocytosis and receptor recycling by organizing the plasma membrane:cytoskeleton interface. Genes Dev 2018; 32:1201-1214. [PMID: 30143526 PMCID: PMC6120716 DOI: 10.1101/gad.317354.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The architectural and biochemical features of the plasma membrane are governed by its intimate association with the underlying cortical cytoskeleton. The neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) tumor suppressor merlin and closely related membrane:cytoskeleton-linking protein ezrin organize the membrane:cytoskeleton interface, a critical cellular compartment that both regulates and is regulated by growth factor receptors. An example of this poorly understood interrelationship is macropinocytosis, an ancient process of nutrient uptake and membrane remodeling that can both be triggered by growth factors and manage receptor availability. We show that merlin deficiency primes the membrane:cytoskeleton interface for epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced macropinocytosis via a mechanism involving increased cortical ezrin, altered actomyosin, and stabilized cholesterol-rich membranes. These changes profoundly alter EGF receptor (EGFR) trafficking in merlin-deficient cells, favoring increased membrane levels of its heterodimerization partner, ErbB2; clathrin-independent internalization; and recycling. Our work suggests that, unlike Ras transformed cells, merlin-deficient cells do not depend on macropinocytic protein scavenging and instead exploit macropinocytosis for receptor recycling. Finally, we provide evidence that the macropinocytic proficiency of NF2-deficient cells can be used for therapeutic uptake. This work provides new insight into fundamental mechanisms of macropinocytic uptake and processing and suggests new ways to interfere with or exploit macropinocytosis in NF2 mutant and other tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Chiasson-MacKenzie
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Zachary S Morris
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Ching-Hui Liu
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - William B Bradford
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Thijs Koorman
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Andrea I McClatchey
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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13
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Pollpeter D, Parsons M, Sobala AE, Coxhead S, Lang RD, Bruns AM, Papaioannou S, McDonnell JM, Apolonia L, Chowdhury JA, Horvath CM, Malim MH. Deep sequencing of HIV-1 reverse transcripts reveals the multifaceted antiviral functions of APOBEC3G. Nat Microbiol 2018; 3:220-233. [PMID: 29158605 PMCID: PMC6014619 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-017-0063-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Following cell entry, the RNA genome of HIV-1 is reverse transcribed into double-stranded DNA that ultimately integrates into the host-cell genome to establish the provirus. These early phases of infection are notably vulnerable to suppression by a collection of cellular antiviral effectors, called restriction or resistance factors. The host antiviral protein APOBEC3G (A3G) antagonizes the early steps of HIV-1 infection through the combined effects of inhibiting viral cDNA production and cytidine-to-uridine-driven hypermutation of this cDNA. In seeking to address the underlying molecular mechanism for inhibited cDNA synthesis, we developed a deep sequencing strategy to characterize nascent reverse transcription products and their precise 3'-termini in HIV-1 infected T cells. Our results demonstrate site- and sequence-independent interference with reverse transcription, which requires the specific interaction of A3G with reverse transcriptase itself. This approach also established, contrary to current ideas, that cellular uracil base excision repair (UBER) enzymes target and cleave A3G-edited uridine-containing viral cDNA. Together, these findings yield further insights into the regulatory interplay between reverse transcriptase, A3G and cellular DNA repair machinery, and identify the suppression of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase by a directly interacting host protein as a new cell-mediated antiviral mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darja Pollpeter
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew E Sobala
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sashika Coxhead
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rupert D Lang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Annie M Bruns
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | | | - James M McDonnell
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Luis Apolonia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jamil A Chowdhury
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Curt M Horvath
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Michael H Malim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, London, UK.
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14
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Rezaei M, Hosseini A, Nikeghbalian S, Ghaderi A. Establishment and characterization of a new human acinar cell carcinoma cell line, Faraz-ICR, from pancreas. Pancreatology 2017; 17:303-309. [PMID: 28215484 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Basic research in the field of acinar cell carcinoma (ACC) as a rare neoplasm of the pancreas is dependent on the availability of pragmatic model such as new pancreatic cancer cell lines. Thus, establishment and characterization of new pancreatic cancer cell lines from ACC origin are deemed important. METHODS Faraz-ICR cell line was derived from a 58-years old woman with pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma by the collagenase digestion protocol. We characterized the cell line by examining its morphology and cytostructural and functional profile. RESULTS Faraz-ICR has a doubling time of 35 hours and grows in soft agar with a colony-forming efficiency of 25%. The cell had nearly normal pattern of chromosomes in karyotype analysis and Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH) array analysis. Evaluation of cells by flowcytometry showed that Faraz-ICR is negative for EpCAM and mesenchymal markers in different passages, and has epithelial nature. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that cells were strongly positive for vimentin, desmin, ezrin, S100, nestin and they were negative for pan-cytokeratins, chromogranin and alpha smooth muscle actin. CONCLUSIONS We were able to establish a new pancreatic carcinoma cell line with partial aspects of Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and aggressiveness. This cell line might be suitable for studying various anticancer drugs and protein profile aiming to see any possible tumor associated marker for ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Hosseini
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saman Nikeghbalian
- Department of Surgery, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Ghaderi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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15
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Wei X, Song H, Yin L, Rizzo MG, Sidhu R, Covey DF, Ory DS, Semenkovich CF. Fatty acid synthesis configures the plasma membrane for inflammation in diabetes. Nature 2016; 539:294-298. [PMID: 27806377 PMCID: PMC5671339 DOI: 10.1038/nature20117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dietary fat promotes pathological insulin resistance through chronic inflammation. The inactivation of inflammatory proteins produced by macrophages improves diet-induced diabetes, but how nutrient-dense diets induce diabetes is unknown. Membrane lipids affect the innate immune response, which requires domains that influence high-fat-diet-induced chronic inflammation and alter cell function based on phospholipid composition. Endogenous fatty acid synthesis, mediated by fatty acid synthase (FAS), affects membrane composition. Here we show that macrophage FAS is indispensable for diet-induced inflammation. Deleting Fasn in macrophages prevents diet-induced insulin resistance, recruitment of macrophages to adipose tissue and chronic inflammation in mice. We found that FAS deficiency alters membrane order and composition, impairing the retention of plasma membrane cholesterol and disrupting Rho GTPase trafficking-a process required for cell adhesion, migration and activation. Expression of a constitutively active Rho GTPase, however, restored inflammatory signalling. Exogenous palmitate was partitioned to different pools from endogenous lipids and did not rescue inflammatory signalling. However, exogenous cholesterol, as well as other planar sterols, did rescue signalling, with cholesterol restoring FAS-induced perturbations in membrane order. Our results show that the production of endogenous fat in macrophages is necessary for the development of exogenous-fat-induced insulin resistance through the creation of a receptive environment at the plasma membrane for the assembly of cholesterol-dependent signalling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochao Wei
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Haowei Song
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Li Yin
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Michael G Rizzo
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Rohini Sidhu
- Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Douglas F Covey
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Daniel S Ory
- Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Clay F Semenkovich
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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16
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Takenaka N, Nihata Y, Satoh T. Rac1 Activation Caused by Membrane Translocation of a Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor in Akt2-Mediated Insulin Signaling in Mouse Skeletal Muscle. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155292. [PMID: 27163697 PMCID: PMC4862641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle is mediated by the glucose transporter GLUT4, which is translocated to the plasma membrane following insulin stimulation. Several lines of evidence suggested that the protein kinase Akt2 plays a key role in this insulin action. The small GTPase Rac1 has also been implicated as a regulator of insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation, acting downstream of Akt2. However, the mechanisms whereby Akt2 regulates Rac1 activity remain obscure. The guanine nucleotide exchange factor FLJ00068 has been identified as a direct regulator of Rac1 in Akt2-mediated signaling, but its characterization was performed mostly in cultured myoblasts. Here, we provide in vivo evidence that FLJ00068 indeed acts downstream of Akt2 as a Rac1 regulator by using mouse skeletal muscle. Small interfering RNA knockdown of FLJ00068 markedly diminished GLUT4 translocation to the sarcolemma following insulin administration or ectopic expression of a constitutively activated mutant of either phosphoinositide 3-kinase or Akt2. Additionally, insulin and these constitutively activated mutants caused the activation of Rac1 as shown by immunofluorescent microscopy using a polypeptide probe specific to activated Rac1 in isolated gastrocnemius muscle fibers and frozen sections of gastrocnemius muscle. This Rac1 activation was also abrogated by FLJ00068 knockdown. Furthermore, we observed translocation of FLJ00068 to the cell periphery following insulin stimulation in cultured myoblasts. Localization of FLJ00068 in the plasma membrane in insulin-stimulated, but not unstimulated, myoblasts and mouse gastrocnemius muscle was further affirmed by subcellular fractionation and subsequent immunoblotting. Collectively, these results strongly support a critical role of FLJ00068 in Akt2-mediated Rac1 activation in mouse skeletal muscle insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Takenaka
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuma Nihata
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takaya Satoh
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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17
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Alexandrova AY. Plasticity of tumor cell migration: acquisition of new properties or return to the past? BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2015; 79:947-63. [PMID: 25385021 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297914090107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
During tumor development cancer cells pass through several stages when cell morphology and migration abilities change remarkably. These stages are named epithelial-mesenchymal and mesenchymal-amoeboid transitions. The molecular mechanisms underlying cell motility are changing during these transitions. As result of transitions the cells acquire new characteristics and modes of motility. Cell migration becomes more independent from the environmental conditions, and thus cell dissemination becomes more aggressive, which leads to formation of distant metastases. In this review we discuss the characteristics of each of the transitions, cell morphology, and the specificity of cellular structures responsible for different modes of cell motility as well as molecular mechanisms regulating each transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Y Alexandrova
- Institute of Carcinogenesis, Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, 115478, Russia.
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18
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Hoskin V, Szeto A, Ghaffari A, Greer PA, Côté GP, Elliott BE. Ezrin regulates focal adhesion and invadopodia dynamics by altering calpain activity to promote breast cancer cell invasion. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:3464-79. [PMID: 26246600 PMCID: PMC4591691 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-12-1584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ezrin regulates proper focal adhesion and invadopodia turnover by regulating calpain-1, in part by directing its proteolytic activity toward key substrates talin, FAK, and cortactin. Ezrin-deficient tumor cells show reduced lung seeding and colonization in vivo but not primary tumor growth, thus implicating ezrin as a metastasis-associated protein. Up-regulation of the cytoskeleton linker protein ezrin frequently occurs in aggressive cancer types and is closely linked with metastatic progression. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms detailing how ezrin is involved in the invasive and metastatic phenotype remain unclear. Here we report a novel function of ezrin in regulating focal adhesion (FA) and invadopodia dynamics, two key processes required for efficient invasion to occur. We show that depletion of ezrin expression in invasive breast cancer cells impairs both FA and invadopodia turnover. We also demonstrate that ezrin-depleted cells display reduced calpain-mediated cleavage of the FA and invadopodia-associated proteins talin, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and cortactin and reduced calpain-1–specific membrane localization, suggesting a requirement for ezrin in maintaining proper localization and activity of calpain-1. Furthermore, we show that ezrin is required for cell directionality, early lung seeding, and distant organ colonization but not primary tumor growth. Collectively our results unveil a novel mechanism by which ezrin regulates breast cancer cell invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Hoskin
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Alvin Szeto
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Abdi Ghaffari
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Peter A Greer
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Graham P Côté
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Bruce E Elliott
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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19
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Adada MM, Canals D, Jeong N, Kelkar AD, Hernandez-Corbacho M, Pulkoski-Gross MJ, Donaldson JC, Hannun YA, Obeid LM. Intracellular sphingosine kinase 2-derived sphingosine-1-phosphate mediates epidermal growth factor-induced ezrin-radixin-moesin phosphorylation and cancer cell invasion. FASEB J 2015. [PMID: 26209696 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-274340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The bioactive sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) mediates cellular proliferation, mitogenesis, inflammation, and angiogenesis. These biologies are mediated through S1P binding to specific GPCRs [sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR)1-5] and some other less well-characterized intracellular targets. Ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) proteins, a family of adaptor molecules linking the cortical actin cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane, are emerging as critical regulators of cancer invasion via regulation of cell morphology and motility. Recently, we identified S1P as an acute ERM activator (via phosphorylation) through its action on S1PR2. In this work, we dissect the mechanism of S1P generation downstream of epidermal growth factor (EGF) leading to ERM phosphorylation and cancer invasion. Using pharmacologic inhibitors, small interfering RNA technologies, and genetic approaches, we demonstrate that sphingosine kinase (SK)2, and not SK1, is essential and sufficient in EGF-mediated ERM phosphorylation in HeLa cells. In fact, knocking down SK2 decreased ERM activation 2.5-fold. Furthermore, we provide evidence that SK2 is necessary to mediate EGF-induced invasion. In addition, overexpressing SK2 causes a 2-fold increase in HeLa cell invasion. Surprisingly, and for the first time, we find that this event, although dependent on S1PR2 activation, does not generate and does not require extracellular S1P secretion, therefore introducing a potential novel model of autocrine/intracrine action of S1P that still involves its GPCRs. These results define new mechanistic insights for EGF-mediated invasion and novel actions of SK2, therefore setting the stage for novel targets in the treatment of growth factor-driven malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad M Adada
- *Department of Medicine and the Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; and Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Port, New York, USA
| | - Daniel Canals
- *Department of Medicine and the Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; and Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Port, New York, USA
| | - Nara Jeong
- *Department of Medicine and the Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; and Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Port, New York, USA
| | - Ashwin D Kelkar
- *Department of Medicine and the Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; and Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Port, New York, USA
| | - Maria Hernandez-Corbacho
- *Department of Medicine and the Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; and Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Port, New York, USA
| | - Michael J Pulkoski-Gross
- *Department of Medicine and the Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; and Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Port, New York, USA
| | - Jane C Donaldson
- *Department of Medicine and the Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; and Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Port, New York, USA
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- *Department of Medicine and the Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; and Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Port, New York, USA
| | - Lina M Obeid
- *Department of Medicine and the Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; and Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Port, New York, USA
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20
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Nuciforo P, Radosevic-Robin N, Ng T, Scaltriti M. Quantification of HER family receptors in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 17:53. [PMID: 25887735 PMCID: PMC4389676 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-015-0561-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical success of trastuzumab in breast cancer taught us that appropriate tumor evaluation is mandatory for the correct identification of patients eligible for targeted therapies. Although HER2 protein expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays are routinely used to select patients to receive trastuzumab, both assays only partially predict response to the drug. In the case of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), the link between the presence of the receptor or its amplification and response to anti-EGFR therapies could not be demonstrated. Even less is known for HER3 and HER4, mainly due to lack of robust and validated assays detecting these proteins. It is becoming evident that, besides FISH and IHC, we need better assays to quantify HER receptors and categorize the patients for individualized treatments. Here, we present the current available methodologies to measure HER family receptors and discuss the clinical implications of target quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Nuciforo
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, Barcelona, 08035, Spain.
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08035, Spain.
| | - Nina Radosevic-Robin
- ERTICa Research Group, University of Auvergne EA4677, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Biopathology, Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Center, 58 rue Montalembert, 63011, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Tony Ng
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics and Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
- UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK.
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Department of Research Oncology, Guy's Hospital King's College London School of Medicine, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
| | - Maurizio Scaltriti
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (HOPP), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Box 20, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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21
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Vanni C, Ognibene M, Finetti F, Mancini P, Cabodi S, Segalerba D, Torrisi MR, Donnini S, Bosco MC, Varesio L, Eva A. Dbl oncogene expression in MCF-10 A epithelial cells disrupts mammary acinar architecture, induces EMT and angiogenic factor secretion. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:1426-37. [PMID: 25723869 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1021516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The proteins of the Dbl family are guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) of Rho GTPases and are known to be involved in cell growth regulation. Alterations of the normal function of these proteins lead to pathological processes such as developmental disorders, neoplastic transformation, and tumor metastasis. We have previously demonstrated that expression of Dbl oncogene in lens epithelial cells modulates genes encoding proteins involved in epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) and induces angiogenesis in the lens. Our present study was undertaken to investigate the role of Dbl oncogene in epithelial cells transformation, providing new insights into carcinoma progression.To assess how Dbl oncogene can modulate EMT, cell migration, morphogenesis, and expression of pro-apoptotic and angiogenic factors we utilized bi- and 3-dimensional cultures of MCF-10 A cells. We show that upon Dbl expression MCF-10 A cells undergo EMT. In addition, we found that Dbl overexpression sustains Cdc42 and Rac activation inducing morphological alterations, characterized by the presence of lamellipodia and conferring a high migratory capacity to the cells. Moreover, Dbl expressing MCF-10 A cells form altered 3D structures and can induce angiogenesis by producing proangiogenic factors such as CCL2. These results support a role for Dbl oncogene in epithelial cell differentiation and transformation and suggest the relevance of GEF deregulation in tumor onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Vanni
- a Laboratory of Molecular Biology ; Istituto Giannina Gaslini ; Genova , Italy
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22
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Romanov VS, Brichkina AI, Morrison H, Pospelova TV, Pospelov VA, Herrlich P. Novel mechanism of JNK pathway activation by adenoviral E1A. Oncotarget 2015; 5:2176-86. [PMID: 24742962 PMCID: PMC4039154 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The adenoviral oncoprotein E1A influences cellular regulation by interacting with a number of cellular proteins. In collaboration with complementary oncogenes, E1A fully transforms primary cells. As part of this action, E1A inhibits transcription of c-Jun:Fos target genes while promoting that of c-Jun:ATF2-dependent genes including jun. Both c-Jun and ATF2 are hyperphosphorylated in response to E1A. In the current study, E1A was fused with the ligand binding domain of the estrogen receptor (E1A-ER) to monitor the immediate effect of E1A activation. With this approach we now show that E1A activates c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), the upstream kinases MKK4 and MKK7, as well as the small GTPase Rac1. Activation of the JNK pathway requires the N-terminal domain of E1A, and, importantly, is independent of transcription. In addition, it requires the presence of ERM proteins. Downregulation of signaling components upstream of JNK inhibits E1A-dependent JNK/c-Jun activation. Taking these findings together, we show that E1A activates the JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway upstream of Rac1 in a transcription-independent manner, demonstrating a novel mechanism of E1A action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily S Romanov
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, D-07745 Jena, Germany
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23
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Weitsman G, Lawler K, Kelleher MT, Barrett JE, Barber PR, Shamil E, Festy F, Patel G, Fruhwirth GO, Huang L, Tullis ID, Woodman N, Ofo E, Ameer-Beg SM, Irshad S, Condeelis J, Gillett CE, Ellis PA, Vojnovic B, Coolen AC, Ng T. Imaging tumour heterogeneity of the consequences of a PKCα-substrate interaction in breast cancer patients. Biochem Soc Trans 2014; 42:1498-505. [PMID: 25399560 PMCID: PMC4259014 DOI: 10.1042/bst20140165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer heterogeneity demands that prognostic models must be biologically driven and recent clinical evidence indicates that future prognostic signatures need evaluation in the context of early compared with late metastatic risk prediction. In pre-clinical studies, we and others have shown that various protein-protein interactions, pertaining to the actin microfilament-associated proteins, ezrin and cofilin, mediate breast cancer cell migration, a prerequisite for cancer metastasis. Moreover, as a direct substrate for protein kinase Cα, ezrin has been shown to be a determinant of cancer metastasis for a variety of tumour types, besides breast cancer; and has been described as a pivotal regulator of metastasis by linking the plasma membrane to the actin cytoskeleton. In the present article, we demonstrate that our tissue imaging-derived parameters that pertain to or are a consequence of the PKC-ezrin interaction can be used for breast cancer prognostication, with inter-cohort reproducibility. The application of fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded patient samples to probe protein proximity within the typically <10 nm range to address the oncological challenge of tumour heterogeneity, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Weitsman
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division & Division of Cancer Studies, Kings College London, Guy’s Medical School Campus, London SE1 1UL, U.K
| | - Katherine Lawler
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division & Division of Cancer Studies, Kings College London, Guy’s Medical School Campus, London SE1 1UL, U.K
- Department of Mathematics, King’s College London, Strand Campus, London WC2R 2LS, U.K
| | - Muireann T. Kelleher
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division & Division of Cancer Studies, Kings College London, Guy’s Medical School Campus, London SE1 1UL, U.K
- Department of Medical Oncology, St George’s NHS Trust, London SW17 0QT, U.K
| | - James E. Barrett
- Department of Mathematics, King’s College London, Strand Campus, London WC2R 2LS, U.K
| | - Paul R. Barber
- Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology & Biology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K
| | - Eamon Shamil
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division & Division of Cancer Studies, Kings College London, Guy’s Medical School Campus, London SE1 1UL, U.K
| | - Frederic Festy
- Biomaterials, Biomimetics and Biophotonics Division, King’s College London Dental Institute, London SE1 9RT, U.K
| | - Gargi Patel
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division & Division of Cancer Studies, Kings College London, Guy’s Medical School Campus, London SE1 1UL, U.K
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guy’s and St. Thomas Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, U.K
| | - Gilbert O. Fruhwirth
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division & Division of Cancer Studies, Kings College London, Guy’s Medical School Campus, London SE1 1UL, U.K
- Division of Imaging Science and Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, U.K
| | - Lufei Huang
- Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology & Biology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K
| | - Iain D.C. Tullis
- Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology & Biology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K
| | - Natalie Woodman
- Guy’s & St. Thomas’ Breast Tissue & Data Bank, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, U.K
| | - Enyinnaya Ofo
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division & Division of Cancer Studies, Kings College London, Guy’s Medical School Campus, London SE1 1UL, U.K
| | - Simon M. Ameer-Beg
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division & Division of Cancer Studies, Kings College London, Guy’s Medical School Campus, London SE1 1UL, U.K
| | - Sheeba Irshad
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Department of Research Oncology, Guy’s Hospital King’s College London School of Medicine, London, SE1 9RT, U.K
| | - John Condeelis
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, New York, NY 10461, U.S.A
| | - Cheryl E. Gillett
- Guy’s & St. Thomas’ Breast Tissue & Data Bank, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, U.K
| | - Paul A. Ellis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guy’s and St. Thomas Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, U.K
| | - Borivoj Vojnovic
- Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology & Biology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K
- Randall Division of Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, U.K
| | - Anthony C.C. Coolen
- Department of Mathematics, King’s College London, Strand Campus, London WC2R 2LS, U.K
| | - Tony Ng
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division & Division of Cancer Studies, Kings College London, Guy’s Medical School Campus, London SE1 1UL, U.K
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Department of Research Oncology, Guy’s Hospital King’s College London School of Medicine, London, SE1 9RT, U.K
- UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O’Gorman Building, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, U.K
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24
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Fritzsche M, Thorogate R, Charras G. Quantitative analysis of ezrin turnover dynamics in the actin cortex. Biophys J 2014; 106:343-53. [PMID: 24461009 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.11.4499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins of the ERM family (ezrin, moesin, radixin) play a fundamental role in tethering the membrane to the cellular actin cortex as well as regulating cortical organization and mechanics. Overexpression of dominant inactive forms of ezrin leads to fragilization of the membrane-cortex link and depletion of moesin results in softer cortices that disrupt spindle orientation during cytokinesis. Therefore, the kinetics of association of ERM proteins with the cortex likely influence the timescale of cortical signaling events and the dynamics of membrane interfacing to the cortex. However, little is known about ERM protein turnover at the membrane-cortex interface. Here, we examined cortical ezrin dynamics using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiments and single-molecule imaging. Using multiexponential fitting of fluorescence recovery curves, we showed that ezrin turnover resulted from three molecular mechanisms acting on very different timescales. The fastest turnover process was due to association/dissociation from the F-actin cortex, suggesting that ezrin acts as a link that leads to low friction between the membrane and the cortex. The second turnover process resulted from association/dissociation of ezrin from the membrane and the slowest turnover process resulted from the slow diffusion of ezrin in the plane of the membrane. In summary, ezrin-mediated membrane-cortex tethering resulted from long-lived interactions with the membrane via the FERM domain coupled with shorter-lived interactions with the cortex. The slow diffusion of membranous ezrin and its interaction partners relative to the cortex signified that signals emanating from membrane-associated ezrin may locally act to modulate cortical organization and contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fritzsche
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, United Kingdom; London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Thorogate
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Guillaume Charras
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
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25
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Kiuchi T, Ortiz-Zapater E, Monypenny J, Matthews DR, Nguyen LK, Barbeau J, Coban O, Lawler K, Burford B, Rolfe DJ, de Rinaldis E, Dafou D, Simpson MA, Woodman N, Pinder S, Gillett CE, Devauges V, Poland SP, Fruhwirth G, Marra P, Boersma YL, Plückthun A, Gullick WJ, Yarden Y, Santis G, Winn M, Kholodenko BN, Martin-Fernandez ML, Parker P, Tutt A, Ameer-Beg SM, Ng T. The ErbB4 CYT2 variant protects EGFR from ligand-induced degradation to enhance cancer cell motility. Sci Signal 2014; 7:ra78. [PMID: 25140053 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a member of the ErbB family that can promote the migration and proliferation of breast cancer cells. Therapies that target EGFR can promote the dimerization of EGFR with other ErbB receptors, which is associated with the development of drug resistance. Understanding how interactions among ErbB receptors alter EGFR biology could provide avenues for improving cancer therapy. We found that EGFR interacted directly with the CYT1 and CYT2 variants of ErbB4 and the membrane-anchored intracellular domain (mICD). The CYT2 variant, but not the CYT1 variant, protected EGFR from ligand-induced degradation by competing with EGFR for binding to a complex containing the E3 ubiquitin ligase c-Cbl and the adaptor Grb2. Cultured breast cancer cells overexpressing both EGFR and ErbB4 CYT2 mICD exhibited increased migration. With molecular modeling, we identified residues involved in stabilizing the EGFR dimer. Mutation of these residues in the dimer interface destabilized the complex in cells and abrogated growth factor-stimulated cell migration. An exon array analysis of 155 breast tumors revealed that the relative mRNA abundance of the ErbB4 CYT2 variant was increased in ER+ HER2- breast cancer patients, suggesting that our findings could be clinically relevant. We propose a mechanism whereby competition for binding to c-Cbl in an ErbB signaling heterodimer promotes migration in response to a growth factor gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai Kiuchi
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK. Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK. Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Research Oncology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- Department of Asthma, Allergy and Respiratory Science, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - James Monypenny
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK. Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK. Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Research Oncology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Daniel R Matthews
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK. Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Lan K Nguyen
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Jody Barbeau
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK. Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Oana Coban
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK. Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Katherine Lawler
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK. Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Brian Burford
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Research Oncology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Daniel J Rolfe
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Emanuele de Rinaldis
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Research Oncology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Dimitra Dafou
- Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Michael A Simpson
- Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Natalie Woodman
- Guy's and St Thomas' Breast Tissue and Data Bank, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK. Research Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Sarah Pinder
- Guy's and St Thomas' Breast Tissue and Data Bank, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK. Research Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Cheryl E Gillett
- Guy's and St Thomas' Breast Tissue and Data Bank, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK. Research Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Viviane Devauges
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK. Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Simon P Poland
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK. Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Gilbert Fruhwirth
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK. Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Pierfrancesco Marra
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Research Oncology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ykelien L Boersma
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - William J Gullick
- Department of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Yosef Yarden
- Department of Biological Regulation, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - George Santis
- Department of Asthma, Allergy and Respiratory Science, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Martyn Winn
- Computational Science and Engineering Department, Daresbury Laboratory, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Warrington, Warrington WA4 4AD, UK
| | - Boris N Kholodenko
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Marisa L Martin-Fernandez
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Peter Parker
- Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK. Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3PX, UK
| | - Andrew Tutt
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Research Oncology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Simon M Ameer-Beg
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK. Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Tony Ng
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK. Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK. Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Research Oncology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK. UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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26
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Chen M, Liu T, Xu L, Gao X, Liu X, Wang C, He Q, Zhang G, Liu L. Direct interaction of 14-3-3ζ with ezrin promotes cell migration by regulating the formation of membrane ruffle. J Mol Biol 2014; 426:3118-3133. [PMID: 25020230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2014.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins have been shown to regulate the actin cytoskeleton remodeling, cell adhesion and migration. In this study, we identified ezrin, a cross-linker between plasma membrane and actin cytoskeleton, as a novel 14-3-3ζ interacting partner. The direct interaction between 14-3-3ζ and ezrin was validated in the cells and by in vitro assays. We showed that the 14-3-3ζ binding region in ezrin was located within the N-terminal and central α-helical domains and that the αG-to-αI helices of 14-3-3ζ are responsible for the binding to ezrin. Functional analyses revealed that the regulation of cell migration and membrane ruffling by 14-3-3ζ is ezrin dependent, for which the integrity of ezrin protein was required. Conversely, the knockdown of 14-3-3ζ abrogates also the stimulatory effect of ezrin on cell migration and membrane ruffling. Moreover, we found that the phosphorylation of Thr567 in ezrin facilitates the 14-3-3ζ-ezrin interaction and the formation of membrane ruffles. Taken together, these results suggest strongly that the functions of these two proteins in cell migration are linked and might be mediated by their direct physical interaction, which is important for the formation of membrane ruffles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaojuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Tengfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lina Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xuejuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Cuihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qingyu He
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Gong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Langxia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China..
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27
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Moon Y, Kim JY, Kim WR, Kim HJ, Jang MJ, Nam Y, Kim K, Kim H, Sun W. Function of ezrin-radixin-moesin proteins in migration of subventricular zone-derived neuroblasts following traumatic brain injury. Stem Cells 2014; 31:1696-705. [PMID: 23649635 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Throughout life, newly generated neuroblasts from the subventricular zone migrate toward the olfactory bulb through the rostral migratory stream. Upon brain injury, these migrating neuroblasts change their route and begin to migrate toward injured regions, which is one of the regenerative responses after brain damage. This injury-induced migration is triggered by stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF1) released from microglia near the damaged site; however, it is still unclear how these cells transduce SDF1 signals and change their direction. In this study, we found that SDF1 promotes the phosphorylation of ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) proteins, which are key molecules in organizing cell membrane and linking signals from the extracellular environment to the intracellular actin cytoskeleton. Blockade of ERM activation by overexpressing dominant-negative ERM (DN-ERM) efficiently perturbed the migration of neuroblasts. Considering that DN-ERM-expressing neuroblasts failed to maintain proper migratory cell morphology, it appears that ERM-dependent regulation of cell shape is required for the efficient migration of neuroblasts. These results suggest that ERM activation is an important step in the directional migration of neuroblasts in response to SDF1-CXCR4 signaling following brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghye Moon
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21 Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Brain and Neuroendocrine Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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28
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Zihni C, Munro PM, Elbediwy A, Keep NH, Terry SJ, Harris J, Balda MS, Matter K. Dbl3 drives Cdc42 signaling at the apical margin to regulate junction position and apical differentiation. J Cell Biol 2014; 204:111-27. [PMID: 24379416 PMCID: PMC3882792 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201304064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells develop morphologically characteristic apical domains that are bordered by tight junctions, the apical-lateral border. Cdc42 and its effector complex Par6-atypical protein kinase c (aPKC) regulate multiple steps during epithelial differentiation, but the mechanisms that mediate process-specific activation of Cdc42 to drive apical morphogenesis and activate the transition from junction formation to apical differentiation are poorly understood. Using a small interfering RNA screen, we identify Dbl3 as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor that is recruited by ezrin to the apical membrane, that is enriched at a marginal zone apical to tight junctions, and that drives spatially restricted Cdc42 activation, promoting apical differentiation. Dbl3 depletion did not affect junction formation but did affect epithelial morphogenesis and brush border formation. Conversely, expression of active Dbl3 drove process-specific activation of the Par6-aPKC pathway, stimulating the transition from junction formation to apical differentiation and domain expansion, as well as the positioning of tight junctions. Thus, Dbl3 drives Cdc42 signaling at the apical margin to regulate morphogenesis, apical-lateral border positioning, and apical differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceniz Zihni
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, England, UK
| | - Peter M.G. Munro
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, England, UK
| | - Ahmed Elbediwy
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, England, UK
| | - Nicholas H. Keep
- Crystallography, Institute for Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, England, UK
| | - Stephen J. Terry
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, England, UK
| | - John Harris
- Nikon Imaging Centre, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, England, UK
| | - Maria S. Balda
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, England, UK
| | - Karl Matter
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, England, UK
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29
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Viswanatha R, Wayt J, Ohouo PY, Smolka MB, Bretscher A. Interactome analysis reveals ezrin can adopt multiple conformational states. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:35437-51. [PMID: 24151071 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.505669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ezrin, a member of the ezrin-radixin-moesin family (ERM), is an essential regulator of the structure of microvilli on the apical aspect of epithelial cells. Ezrin provides a linkage between membrane-associated proteins and F-actin, oscillating between active/open and inactive/closed states, and is regulated in part by phosphorylation of a C-terminal threonine. In the open state, ezrin can bind a number of ligands, but in the closed state the ligand-binding sites are inaccessible. In vitro analysis has proposed that there may be a third hyperactivated form of ezrin. To gain a better understanding of ezrin, we conducted an unbiased proteomic analysis of ezrin-binding proteins in an epithelial cell line, Jeg-3. We refined our list of interactors by comparing the interactomes using quantitative mass spectrometry between wild-type ezrin, closed ezrin, open ezrin, and hyperactivated ezrin. The analysis reveals several novel interactors confirmed by their localization to microvilli, as well as a significant class of proteins that bind closed ezrin. Taken together, the data indicate that ezrin can exist in three different conformational states, and different ligands "perceive" ezrin conformational states differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghuvir Viswanatha
- From the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics and Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
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30
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Parameswaran N, Gupta N. Re-defining ERM function in lymphocyte activation and migration. Immunol Rev 2013; 256:63-79. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Neetha Parameswaran
- Department of Immunology; Lerner Research Institute; Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland OH USA
| | - Neetu Gupta
- Department of Immunology; Lerner Research Institute; Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland OH USA
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31
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Antelmi E, Cardone RA, Greco MR, Rubino R, Di Sole F, Martino NA, Casavola V, Carcangiu M, Moro L, Reshkin SJ. ß1 integrin binding phosphorylates ezrin at T567 to activate a lipid raft signalsome driving invadopodia activity and invasion. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75113. [PMID: 24086451 PMCID: PMC3782503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation is a critical process in tumor cell invasion and requires matrix degrading protrusions called invadopodia. The Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE1) has recently been shown to be fundamental in the regulation of invadopodia actin cytoskeleton dynamics and activity. However, the structural link between the invadopodia cytoskeleton and NHE1 is still unknown. A candidate could be ezrin, a linker between the NHE1 and the actin cytoskeleton known to play a pivotal role in invasion and metastasis. However, the mechanistic basis for its role remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that ezrin phosphorylated at T567 is highly overexpressed in the membrane of human breast tumors and positively associated with invasive growth and HER2 overexpression. Further, in the metastatic cell line, MDA-MB-231, p-ezrin was almost exclusively expressed in invadopodia lipid rafts where it co-localized in a functional complex with NHE1, EGFR, ß1-integrin and phosphorylated-NHERF1. Manipulation by mutation of ezrins T567 phosphorylation state and/or PIP2 binding capacity or of NHE1s binding to ezrin or PIP2 demonstrated that p-ezrin expression and binding to PIP2 are required for invadopodia-mediated ECM degradation and invasion and identified NHE1 as the membrane protein that p-ezrin regulates to induce invadopodia formation and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Antelmi
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmacologics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Department of Pathology, Anatomic Pathology A Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosa A. Cardone
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmacologics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria R. Greco
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmacologics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Rosa Rubino
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmacologics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Sole
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine and the Medical Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nicola A. Martino
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Biotechnological Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Valeria Casavola
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmacologics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - MariaLuisa Carcangiu
- Department of Pathology, Anatomic Pathology A Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Loredana Moro
- Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics (IBBE), CNR, Bari, Italy
| | - Stephan J. Reshkin
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmacologics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- * E-mail:
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32
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Zhang H, Wan J, Huang L. WITHDRAWN: TRIP-1 interacts with ezrin to regulate ezrin phosphorylation, cell protrusion formation and cell migration. Cell Signal 2013:S0898-6568(13)00262-3. [PMID: 24012495 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; The Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene & Antibody Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Health Science & Technology (prep), Center for Biotechnology & BioMedicine and Division of Life & Health Sciences, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jun Wan
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; The Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene & Antibody Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Health Science & Technology (prep), Center for Biotechnology & BioMedicine and Division of Life & Health Sciences, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Laiqiang Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; The Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene & Antibody Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Health Science & Technology (prep), Center for Biotechnology & BioMedicine and Division of Life & Health Sciences, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
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Lettner T, Lang R, Klausegger A, Hainzl S, Bauer JW, Wally V. MMP-9 and CXCL8/IL-8 are potential therapeutic targets in epidermolysis bullosa simplex. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70123. [PMID: 23894602 PMCID: PMC3716611 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa refers to a group of genodermatoses that affects the integrity of epithelial layers, phenotypically resulting in severe skin blistering. Dowling-Meara, the major subtype of epidermolysis bullosa simplex, is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner and can be caused by mutations in either the keratin-5 (K5) or the keratin-14 (K14) gene. Currently, no therapeutic approach is known, and the main objective of this study was to identify novel therapeutic targets. We used microarray analysis, semi-quantitative real-time PCR, western blot and ELISA to identify differentially regulated genes in two K14 mutant cell lines carrying the mutations K14 R125P and K14 R125H, respectively. We found kallikrein-related peptidases and matrix metalloproteinases to be upregulated. We also found elevated expression of chemokines, and we observed deregulation of the Cdc42 pathway as well as aberrant expression of cytokeratins and junction proteins. We further demonstrated, that expression of these genes is dependent on interleukin-1 β signaling. To evaluate these data in vivo we analysed the blister fluids of epidermolysis bullosa simplex patients vs. healthy controls and identified matrix metalloproteinase-9 and the chemokine CXCL8/IL-8 as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lettner
- Division of Experimental Dermatology and EB House Austria, Salzburg, Austria.
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34
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Lindner C, Urbánek P, Pavelka B, Hartmann M, Herrlich P. A link between two tumorigenic proteins, CD44 and p21WAF1: CD44 increases phorbol ester-induced expression of p21WAF1 by stabilizing its mRNA and extending protein half-life. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:2698-704. [PMID: 23856463 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The cell surface glycoprotein CD44 enhances phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA)-induced expression of p21WAF1 by stabilizing its mRNA and enhancing the protein's half-life in several cell lines. Only the plasma membrane-anchored cytoplasmic tail of CD44 and its interacting ezrin, radixin, moesin (ERM) proteins are required for this effect. A mitogen activated kinase (MEK) inhibitor abolishes the action of CD44 on p21. Down-regulation of p21 dramatically decreased anchorage-independence of a cancer cell line, whereas CD44 expression in this background could partially rescue the phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Lindner
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
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35
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Adada M, Canals D, Hannun YA, Obeid LM. Sphingolipid regulation of ezrin, radixin, and moesin proteins family: implications for cell dynamics. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1841:727-37. [PMID: 23850862 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A key but poorly studied domain of sphingolipid functions encompasses endocytosis, exocytosis, cellular trafficking, and cell movement. Recently, the ezrin, radixin and moesin (ERM) family of proteins emerged as novel potent targets regulated by sphingolipids. ERMs are structural proteins linking the actin cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane, also forming a scaffold for signaling pathways that are used for cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and cell division. Opposing functions of the bioactive sphingolipid ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), contribute to ERM regulation. S1P robustly activates whereas ceramide potently deactivates ERM via phosphorylation/dephosphorylation, respectively. This recent dimension of cytoskeletal regulation by sphingolipids opens up new avenues to target cell dynamics, and provides further understanding of some of the unexplained biological effects mediated by sphingolipids. In addition, these studies are providing novel inroads into defining basic mechanisms of regulation and action of bioactive sphingolipids. This review describes the current understanding of sphingolipid regulation of the cytoskeleton, it also describes the biologies in which ERM proteins have been involved, and finally how these two large fields have started to converge. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled New Frontiers in Sphingolipid Biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Adada
- The Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Daniel Canals
- The Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- The Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Lina M Obeid
- The Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; The Northport VA Medical Center, Northport, NY 11768, USA.
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36
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Kvalvaag AS, Pust S, Sundet KI, Engedal N, Simm R, Sandvig K. The ERM proteins ezrin and moesin regulate retrograde Shiga toxin transport. Traffic 2013; 14:839-52. [PMID: 23593995 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The ERM proteins (ezrin, radixin and moesin) are known for connecting the actin cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane. They have been found to associate with lipid rafts as well as to be important for endosomal sorting and receptor signaling. However, little is known about the role of ERM proteins in retrograde transport and lipid homeostasis. In this study, we show that ezrin and moesin are important for efficient cell surface association of Shiga toxin (Stx) as well as for its retrograde transport. Furthermore, we show that depletion of these proteins influences endosomal dynamics and seems to enhance Stx transport toward lysosomes. We also show that knockdown of Vps11, a subunit of the HOPS complex, leads to increased retrograde Stx transport and reverses the inhibiting effect of ezrin and moesin knockdown. Importantly, retrograde transport of the plant toxin ricin, which binds to both glycolipids and glycoproteins with a terminal galactose, seems to be unaffected by ezrin and moesin depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audun Sverre Kvalvaag
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, N-0379, Oslo, Norway
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37
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Aranda JF, Reglero-Real N, Marcos-Ramiro B, Ruiz-Sáenz A, Fernández-Martín L, Bernabé-Rubio M, Kremer L, Ridley AJ, Correas I, Alonso MA, Millán J. MYADM controls endothelial barrier function through ERM-dependent regulation of ICAM-1 expression. Mol Biol Cell 2013; 24:483-94. [PMID: 23264465 PMCID: PMC3571871 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e11-11-0914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelium maintains a barrier between blood and tissue that becomes more permeable during inflammation. Membrane rafts are ordered assemblies of cholesterol, glycolipids, and proteins that modulate proinflammatory cell signaling and barrier function. In epithelial cells, the MAL family members MAL, MAL2, and myeloid-associated differentiation marker (MYADM) regulate the function and dynamics of ordered membrane domains. We analyzed the expression of these three proteins in human endothelial cells and found that only MYADM is expressed. MYADM was confined in ordered domains at the plasma membrane, where it partially colocalized with filamentous actin and cell-cell junctions. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated MYADM knockdown increased permeability, ICAM-1 expression, and leukocyte adhesion, all of which are features of an inflammatory response. Barrier function decrease in MYADM-silenced cells was dependent on ICAM-1 expression. Membrane domains and the underlying actin cytoskeleton can regulate each other and are connected by ezrin, radixin, and moesin (ERM) proteins. In endothelial cells, MYADM knockdown induced ERM activation. Triple-ERM knockdown partially inhibited ICAM-1 increase induced by MYADM siRNA. Importantly, ERM knockdown also reduced ICAM-1 expression in response to the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α. MYADM therefore regulates the connection between the plasma membrane and the cortical cytoskeleton and so can control the endothelial inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F. Aranda
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Reglero-Real
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Marcos-Ramiro
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ruiz-Sáenz
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Fernández-Martín
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Bernabé-Rubio
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Leonor Kremer
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anne J. Ridley
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel Correas
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Alonso
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Millán
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Jayasundar JJ, Ju JH, He L, Liu D, Meilleur F, Zhao J, Callaway DJE, Bu Z. Open conformation of ezrin bound to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and to F-actin revealed by neutron scattering. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:37119-33. [PMID: 22927432 PMCID: PMC3481312 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.380972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ezrin is a member of the ezrin-radixin-moesin family (ERM) of adapter proteins that are localized at the interface between the cell membrane and the cortical actin cytoskeleton, and they regulate a variety of cellular functions. The structure representing a dormant and closed conformation of an ERM protein has previously been determined by x-ray crystallography. Here, using contrast variation small angle neutron scattering, we reveal the structural changes of the full-length ezrin upon binding to the signaling lipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP(2)) and to F-actin. Ezrin binding to F-actin requires the simultaneous binding of ezrin to PIP(2). Once bound to F-actin, the opened ezrin forms more extensive contacts with F-actin than generally depicted, suggesting a possible role of ezrin in regulating the interfacial structure and dynamics between the cell membrane and the underlying actin cytoskeleton. In addition, using gel filtration, we find that the conformational opening of ezrin in response to PIP(2) binding is cooperative, but the cooperativity is disrupted by a phospho-mimic mutation S249D in the 4.1-ezrin/radixin/moesin (FERM) domain of ezrin. Using surface plasmon resonance, we show that the S249D mutation weakens the binding affinity and changes the kinetics of 4.1-ERM to PIP(2) binding. The study provides the first structural view of the activated ezrin bound to PIP(2) and to F-actin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeong Ho Ju
- From the Department of Chemistry, City College of New York, New York, New York 10031
| | - Lilin He
- the Center for Structural Molecular Biology and Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
- the Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - Dazhi Liu
- the Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - Flora Meilleur
- the Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
- the Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, and
| | - Jinkui Zhao
- the Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - David J. E. Callaway
- From the Department of Chemistry, City College of New York, New York, New York 10031
- the New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016
| | - Zimei Bu
- From the Department of Chemistry, City College of New York, New York, New York 10031
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39
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Lipid raft association restricts CD44-ezrin interaction and promotion of breast cancer cell migration. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 181:2172-87. [PMID: 23031255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cell migration is an early event in metastasis, the main cause of breast cancer-related deaths. Cholesterol-enriched membrane domains called lipid rafts influence the function of many molecules, including the raft-associated protein CD44. We describe a novel mechanism whereby rafts regulate interactions between CD44 and its binding partner ezrin in migrating breast cancer cells. Specifically, in nonmigrating cells, CD44 and ezrin localized to different membranous compartments: CD44 predominantly in rafts, and ezrin in nonraft compartments. After the induction of migration (either nonspecific or CD44-driven), CD44 affiliation with lipid rafts was decreased. This was accompanied by increased coprecipitation of CD44 and active (threonine-phosphorylated) ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) proteins in nonraft compartments and increased colocalization of CD44 with the nonraft protein, transferrin receptor. Pharmacological raft disruption using methyl-β-cyclodextrin also increased CD44-ezrin coprecipitation and colocalization, further suggesting that CD44 interacts with ezrin outside rafts during migration. Conversely, promoting CD44 retention inside lipid rafts by pharmacological inhibition of depalmitoylation virtually abolished CD44-ezrin interactions. However, transient single or double knockdown of flotillin-1 or caveolin-1 was not sufficient to increase cell migration over a short time course, suggesting complex crosstalk mechanisms. We propose a new model for CD44-dependent breast cancer cell migration, where CD44 must relocalize outside lipid rafts to drive cell migration. This could have implications for rafts as pharmacological targets to down-regulate cancer cell migration.
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40
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Canals D, Roddy P, Hannun YA. Protein phosphatase 1α mediates ceramide-induced ERM protein dephosphorylation: a novel mechanism independent of phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-biphosphate (PIP2) and myosin/ERM phosphatase. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:10145-10155. [PMID: 22311981 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.306456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ERM (ezrin, radixin, and moesin) proteins are cytoskeletal interacting proteins that bind cortical actin, the plasma membrane, and membrane proteins, which are found in specialized plasma membrane structures such as microvilli and filopodia. ERM proteins are regulated by phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-biphosphate (PIP(2)) and by phosphorylation of a C-terminal threonine, and its inactivation involves PIP(2) hydrolysis and/or myosin phosphatase (MP). Recently, we demonstrated that ERM proteins are also subject to counter regulation by the bioactive sphingolipids ceramide and sphingosine 1-phosphate. Plasma membrane ceramide induces ERM dephosphorylation whereas sphingosine 1-phosphate induces their phosphorylation. In this work, we pursue the mechanisms by which ceramide regulates dephosphorylation. We found that this dephosphorylation was independent of hydrolysis and localization of PIP(2) and MP. However, the results show that ERM dephosphorylation was blocked by treatment with protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) pharmacological inhibitors and specifically by siRNA to PP1α, whereas okadaic acid, a PP2A inhibitor, failed. Moreover, a catalytic inactive mutant of PP1α acted as dominant negative of the endogenous PP1α. Additional results showed that the ceramide mechanism of PP1α activation is largely independent of PIP(2) hydrolysis and MP. Taken together, these results demonstrate a novel, acute mechanism of ERM regulation dependent on PP1α and plasma membrane ceramide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Canals
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Patrick Roddy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425.
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41
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Valderrama F, Thevapala S, Ridley AJ. Radixin regulates cell migration and cell-cell adhesion through Rac1. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:3310-9. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.094383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The ERM proteins ezrin, radixin and moesin are adaptor proteins that link plasma membrane receptors to the actin cytoskeleton. Ezrin and moesin have been implicated in cell polarization and cell migration, but little is known about the involvement of radixin in these processes. Here we show that radixin is required for migration of PC3 prostate cancer cells, and that radixin, but not ezrin or moesin, depletion by RNAi increases cell spread area and cell-cell adhesion mediated by adherens junctions. Radixin depletion also alters actin organization and distribution of active phosphorylated ezrin and moesin. Similar effects were observed in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. The phenotype of radixin-depleted cells is similar to that induced by constitutively active Rac1, and Rac1 is required for the radixin knockdown phenotype. Radixin depletion also increases the activity of Rac1 but not Cdc42 or RhoA. Analysis of Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) suggests that radixin affects the activity of Vav GEFs. Indeed, Vav GEF depletion reverts the phenotype of radixin knockdown and reduces the effect of radixin knockdown on Rac1 activity. Our results indicate that radixin plays an important role in promoting cell migration by regulating Rac1-mediated epithelial polarity and formation of adherens junctions through Vav GEFs.
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42
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Mahankali M, Peng HJ, Henkels KM, Dinauer MC, Gomez-Cambronero J. Phospholipase D2 (PLD2) is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for the GTPase Rac2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:19617-22. [PMID: 22106281 PMCID: PMC3241757 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1114692108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have discovered that the enzyme phospholipase D2 (PLD2) binds directly to the small GTPase Rac2, resulting in PLD2 functioning as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), because it switches Rac2 from the GDP-bound to the GTP-bound states. This effect is large enough to be meaningful (∼72% decrease for GDP dissociation and 300% increase for GTP association, both with PLD2), it has a half-time of ∼7 min, is enhanced with increasing PLD2 concentrations, and compares favorably with other known GEFs, such as Vav-1. The PLD2-Rac2 protein-protein interaction is sufficient for the GEF function, because it can be demonstrated in vitro with just recombinant proteins without lipid substrates, and a catalytically inactive lipase (PLD2-K758R) has GEF activity. Apart from this function, exogenous phosphatidic acid by itself (300 pM) increases GTP binding and enhances PLD2-K758R-mediated GTP binding (by ∼34%) but not GDP dissociation. Regarding the PLD2-Rac2 protein-protein association, it involves, for PLD2, residues 263-266 within a Cdc42/Rac interactive binding region in the PH domain, as well as the PX domain, and it involves, for Rac2, residue N17 within its Switch-1 region. PLD2's GEF function is demonstrated in living cells, because silencing PLD2 results in reduced Rac2 activity, whereas PLD2-initiated Rac2 activation enhances cell adhesion, chemotaxis, and phagocytosis. There are several known GEFs, but we report that this GEF is harbored in a phospholipase. The benefit to the cell is that PLD2 brings spatially separated molecules together in a membrane environment, ready for fast intracellular signaling and cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Mahankali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wright State University School of Medicine, Dayton, OH 45435; and
| | - Hong-Juan Peng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wright State University School of Medicine, Dayton, OH 45435; and
| | - Karen M. Henkels
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wright State University School of Medicine, Dayton, OH 45435; and
| | - Mary C. Dinauer
- Department of Pediatrics (Division of Hematology/Oncology) and Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Julian Gomez-Cambronero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wright State University School of Medicine, Dayton, OH 45435; and
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Brambilla D, Zamboni S, Federici C, Lugini L, Lozupone F, De Milito A, Cecchetti S, Cianfriglia M, Fais S. P-glycoprotein binds to ezrin at amino acid residues 149-242 in the FERM domain and plays a key role in the multidrug resistance of human osteosarcoma. Int J Cancer 2011; 130:2824-34. [PMID: 21780101 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of the mdr1 gene encoding P-glycoprotein (Pgp) exerts a major role in reducing the effectiveness of cytotoxic therapy in osteosarcoma. The interaction between actin and Pgp has been shown to be instrumental in the establishment of multidrug resistance (MDR) in human tumor cells. The cytoskeleton linker ezrin exerts a pivotal role in maintaining the functional connection between actin and Pgp. We investigated the role of ezrin in a human multidrug-resistant osteosarcoma cell line overexpressing Pgp and compared it to its counterpart that overexpresses an ezrin deletion mutant. The results showed that Pgp binds at amino acid residues 149-242 of the N-terminal domain of ezrin. The interaction between ezrin and Pgp occurs in the plasma membrane of MDR cells, where they also co-localize with the ganglioside G(M1) located in lipid rafts. The overexpression of the ezrin deletion mutant entirely restored drug susceptibility of osteosarcoma cells, consistent with Pgp dislocation to cytoplasmic compartments and abrogation of G(M1) /Pgp co-localization at the plasma membrane. Our study provides evidence that ezrin exerts a key role in MDR of human osteosarcoma cells through a Pgp-ezrin-actin connection that is instrumental for the permanence of Pgp into plasma membrane lipid rafts. We also show for the first time that Pgp-binding site is localized to amino acid residues 149-242 of the ezrin Band 4.1, Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin (FERM) domain, thus proposing a specific target for future molecular therapy aimed at counteracting MDR in osteosarcoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Brambilla
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy
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44
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Stasinopoulos I, Penet MF, Krishnamachary B, Bhujwalla ZM. Molecular and functional imaging of invasion and metastasis: windows into the metastatic cascade. Cancer Biomark 2011; 7:173-88. [PMID: 21576811 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-2010-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The ability of cancer cells to invade, metastasize, and form distant colonies, is one of the key characteristics that confers lethality to cancer. Metastatic cancer cells typically become refractory to treatment. The metastatic cascade is a multi-step process that is governed by events within the cancer cell, the tumor microenvironment, and the distant environments that are invaded and colonized by the cancer cells. Noninvasive imaging techniques are facilitating a close examination of the stepwise journey of the cancer cell from the primary tumor to the distant metastatic site. Here we have discussed the metastatic process, and how molecular and functional imaging of cancer are providing new insights into the metastatic cascade that can be exploited for treatment of metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Stasinopoulos
- JHU ICMIC Program, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, USA
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45
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Zheng S, Huang J, Zhou K, Zhang C, Xiang Q, Tan Z, Wang T, Fu X. 17β-Estradiol enhances breast cancer cell motility and invasion via extra-nuclear activation of actin-binding protein ezrin. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22439. [PMID: 21818323 PMCID: PMC3144228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen promotes breast cancer metastasis. However, the detailed mechanism remains largely unknown. The actin binding protein ezrin is a key component in tumor metastasis and its over-expression is positively correlated to the poor outcome of breast cancer. In this study, we investigate the effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) on the activation of ezrin and its role in estrogen-dependent breast cancer cell movement. In T47-D breast cancer cells, E2 rapidly enhances ezrin phosphorylation at Thr567 in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The signalling cascade implicated in this action involves estrogen receptor (ER) interaction with the non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-Src, which activates the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt pathway and the small GTPase RhoA/Rho-associated kinase (ROCK-2) complex. E2 enhances the horizontal cell migration and invasion of T47-D breast cancer cells in three-dimensional matrices, which is reversed by transfection of cells with specific ezrin siRNAs. In conclusion, E2 promotes breast cancer cell movement and invasion by the activation of ezrin. These results provide novel insights into the effects of estrogen on breast cancer progression and highlight potential targets to treat endocrine-sensitive breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Zheng
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinghe Huang
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kewen Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengxi Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuling Xiang
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Tan
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tinghuai Wang
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (XDF); (THW)
| | - Xiaodong Fu
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (XDF); (THW)
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Arpin M, Chirivino D, Naba A, Zwaenepoel I. Emerging role for ERM proteins in cell adhesion and migration. Cell Adh Migr 2011; 5:199-206. [PMID: 21343695 DOI: 10.4161/cam.5.2.15081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly related ERM (Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin) proteins provide a regulated linkage between the membrane and the underlying actin cytoskeleton. They also provide a platform for the transmission of signals in responses to extracellular cues. Studies in different model organisms and in cultured cells have highlighted the importance of ERM proteins in the generation and maintenance of specific domains of the plasma membrane. A central question is how do ERM proteins coordinate actin filament organization and membrane protein transport/stability with signal transduction pathways to build up complex structures? Through their interaction with numerous partners including membrane proteins, actin cytoskeleton and signaling molecules, ERM proteins have the ability to organize multiprotein complexes in specific cellular compartments. Likewise, ERM proteins participate in diverse functions including cell morphogenesis, endocytosis/exocytosis, adhesion and migration. This review focuses on aspects still poorly understood related to the function of ERM proteins in epithelial cell adhesion and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Arpin
- UMR 144, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Morphogenèse et Signalisation Cellulaires, Institut Curie, Paris, France.
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Zöller M, Jung T. The Colorectal Cancer Initiating Cell: Markers and Their Role in Liver Metastasis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-0292-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Parameswaran N, Matsui K, Gupta N. Conformational switching in ezrin regulates morphological and cytoskeletal changes required for B cell chemotaxis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:4088-97. [PMID: 21339367 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
B cell chemotaxis occurs in response to specific chemokine gradients and is critical for homeostasis and immune response. The molecular regulation of B cell membrane-actin interactions during migration is poorly understood. In this study, we report a role for ezrin, a member of the membrane-cytoskeleton cross-linking ezrin-radixin-moesin proteins, in the regulation of the earliest steps of B cell polarization and chemotaxis. We visualized chemokine-induced changes in murine B cell morphology using scanning electron microscopy and spatiotemporal dynamics of ezrin in B cells using epifluorescence and total internal reflection microscopy. Upon chemokine stimulation, ezrin is transiently dephosphorylated to assume an inactive conformation and localizes to the lamellipodia. B cells expressing a phosphomimetic conformationally active mutant of ezrin or those in which ezrin dephosphorylation was pharmacologically inhibited displayed impaired microvillar dynamics, morphological polarization, and chemotaxis. Our data suggest a 2-fold involvement of ezrin in B cell migration, whereby it first undergoes chemokine-induced dephosphorylation to facilitate membrane flexibility, followed by relocalization to the actin-rich lamellipodia for dynamic forward protrusion of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetha Parameswaran
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Fruhwirth GO, Fernandes LP, Weitsman G, Patel G, Kelleher M, Lawler K, Brock A, Poland SP, Matthews DR, Kéri G, Barber PR, Vojnovic B, Ameer‐Beg SM, Coolen ACC, Fraternali F, Ng T. How Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Imaging Improves the Understanding of Protein Interaction Networks in Cancer Biology. Chemphyschem 2011; 12:442-61. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201000866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert O. Fruhwirth
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, NHH, SE1 1UL (UK), Fax: (+44) (0) 20 7848 6220, Fax: (+44) (0) 20 7848 8056
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, New Hunt's House, Guy's Medical School Campus, NHH, SE1 1UL (UK)
| | - Luis P. Fernandes
- Randall Division of Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, NHH, SE1 1UL (UK)
| | - Gregory Weitsman
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, NHH, SE1 1UL (UK), Fax: (+44) (0) 20 7848 6220, Fax: (+44) (0) 20 7848 8056
| | - Gargi Patel
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, NHH, SE1 1UL (UK), Fax: (+44) (0) 20 7848 6220, Fax: (+44) (0) 20 7848 8056
| | - Muireann Kelleher
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, NHH, SE1 1UL (UK), Fax: (+44) (0) 20 7848 6220, Fax: (+44) (0) 20 7848 8056
| | - Katherine Lawler
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, New Hunt's House, Guy's Medical School Campus, NHH, SE1 1UL (UK)
| | - Adrian Brock
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, NHH, SE1 1UL (UK), Fax: (+44) (0) 20 7848 6220, Fax: (+44) (0) 20 7848 8056
| | - Simon P. Poland
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, New Hunt's House, Guy's Medical School Campus, NHH, SE1 1UL (UK)
| | - Daniel R. Matthews
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, NHH, SE1 1UL (UK), Fax: (+44) (0) 20 7848 6220, Fax: (+44) (0) 20 7848 8056
| | - György Kéri
- Vichem Chemie Research Ltd. Herman Ottó utca 15, Budapest, Hungary and Pathobiochemistry Research Group of Hungarian Academy of Science, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1444 Bp 8. POB 260 (Hungary)
| | - Paul R. Barber
- Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology & Biology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ (UK)
| | - Borivoj Vojnovic
- Randall Division of Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, NHH, SE1 1UL (UK)
- Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology & Biology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ (UK)
| | - Simon M. Ameer‐Beg
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, NHH, SE1 1UL (UK), Fax: (+44) (0) 20 7848 6220, Fax: (+44) (0) 20 7848 8056
- Randall Division of Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, NHH, SE1 1UL (UK)
| | - Anthony C. C. Coolen
- Randall Division of Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, NHH, SE1 1UL (UK)
- Department of Mathematics, King's College London, Strand Campus, London, WC2R 2LS (UK)
| | - Franca Fraternali
- Randall Division of Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, NHH, SE1 1UL (UK)
| | - Tony Ng
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, NHH, SE1 1UL (UK), Fax: (+44) (0) 20 7848 6220, Fax: (+44) (0) 20 7848 8056
- Randall Division of Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, NHH, SE1 1UL (UK)
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, New Hunt's House, Guy's Medical School Campus, NHH, SE1 1UL (UK)
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Marion S, Hoffmann E, Holzer D, Le Clainche C, Martin M, Sachse M, Ganeva I, Mangeat P, Griffiths G. Ezrin promotes actin assembly at the phagosome membrane and regulates phago-lysosomal fusion. Traffic 2011; 12:421-37. [PMID: 21210911 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2011.01158.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phagosome maturation is defined as the process by which phagosomes fuse sequentially with endosomes and lysosomes to acquire an acidic pH and hydrolases that degrade ingested particles. While the essential role of actin cytoskeleton remodeling during particle internalization is well established, its role during the later stages of phagosome maturation remains largely unknown. We have previously shown that purified mature phagosomes assemble F-actin at their membrane, and that the ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) proteins ezrin and moesin participate in this process. Moreover, we provided evidence that actin assembly on purified phagosomes stimulates their fusion with late endocytic compartments in vitro. In this study, we further investigated the role of ezrin in phagosome maturation. We engineered a structurally open form of ezrin and demonstrated that ezrin binds directly to the actin assembly promoting factor N-WASP (Neural Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein) by its FERM domain. Using a cell-free system, we found that ezrin stimulates F-actin assembly on purified phagosomes by recruiting the N-WASP-Arp2/3 machinery. Accordingly, we showed that the down-regulation of ezrin activity in macrophages by a dominant-negative approach caused reduced F-actin accumulation on maturing phagosomes. Furthermore, using fluorescence and electron microscopy, we found that ezrin is required for the efficient fusion between phagosomes and lysosomes. Live-cell imaging analysis supported the notion that ezrin is necessary for the fusogenic process itself, promoting the transfer of the lysosome content into the phagosomal lumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Marion
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.
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