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Cui MM, Gong YM, Pan WH, Pei HY, Bai MR, Song HL, Han XR, Wu WJ, Yu WW, Gu BL, Cai W, Zhou Y, Chu X. Contribution of ADD3 and the HLA Genes to Biliary Atresia Risk in Chinese. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14719. [PMID: 37834180 PMCID: PMC10572496 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonsyndromic biliary atresia (BA) is a rare polygenic disease, with autoimmunity, virus infection and inflammation thought to play roles in its pathogenesis. We conducted a genome-wide association study in 336 nonsyndromic BA infants and 8900 controls. Our results validated the association of rs17095355 in ADD3 with BA risk (odds ratio (OR) = 1.70, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 1.49-1.99; p = 4.07 × 10-11). An eQTL analysis revealed that the risk allele of rs17095355 was associated with increased expression of ADD3. Single-cell RNA-sequencing data and immunofluorescence analysis revealed that ADD3 was moderately expressed in cholangiocytes and weakly expressed in hepatocytes. Immuno-fluorescent staining showed abnormal deposition of ADD3 in the cytoplasm of BA hepatocytes. No ADD3 auto-antibody was observed in the plasma of BA infants. In the HLA gene region, no variants achieved genome-wide significance. HLA-DQB1 residue Ala57 is the most significant residue in the MHC region (OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.20-1.74; p = 1.23 × 10-4), and HLA-DQB1 was aberrantly expressed in the bile duct cells. GWAS stratified by cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgM status in 87 CMV IgM (+) BA cases versus 141 CMV IgM (-) BA cases did not yield genome-wide significant associations. These findings support the notion that common variants of ADD3 account for BA risk. The HLA genes might have a minimal role in the genetic predisposition of BA due to the weak association signal. CMV IgM (+) BA patients might not have different genetic risk factor profiles compared to CMV IgM (-) subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Meng Cui
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; (M.-M.C.); (Y.-M.G.); (W.-H.P.); (W.-J.W.); (W.C.)
- Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai 200092, China; (H.-Y.P.); (M.-R.B.); (H.-L.S.); (X.-R.H.); (W.-W.Y.); (B.-L.G.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yi-Ming Gong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; (M.-M.C.); (Y.-M.G.); (W.-H.P.); (W.-J.W.); (W.C.)
| | - Wei-Hua Pan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; (M.-M.C.); (Y.-M.G.); (W.-H.P.); (W.-J.W.); (W.C.)
| | - Hao-Yue Pei
- Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai 200092, China; (H.-Y.P.); (M.-R.B.); (H.-L.S.); (X.-R.H.); (W.-W.Y.); (B.-L.G.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Mei-Rong Bai
- Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai 200092, China; (H.-Y.P.); (M.-R.B.); (H.-L.S.); (X.-R.H.); (W.-W.Y.); (B.-L.G.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Huan-Lei Song
- Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai 200092, China; (H.-Y.P.); (M.-R.B.); (H.-L.S.); (X.-R.H.); (W.-W.Y.); (B.-L.G.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xin-Ru Han
- Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai 200092, China; (H.-Y.P.); (M.-R.B.); (H.-L.S.); (X.-R.H.); (W.-W.Y.); (B.-L.G.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wen-Jie Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; (M.-M.C.); (Y.-M.G.); (W.-H.P.); (W.-J.W.); (W.C.)
| | - Wen-Wen Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai 200092, China; (H.-Y.P.); (M.-R.B.); (H.-L.S.); (X.-R.H.); (W.-W.Y.); (B.-L.G.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bei-Lin Gu
- Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai 200092, China; (H.-Y.P.); (M.-R.B.); (H.-L.S.); (X.-R.H.); (W.-W.Y.); (B.-L.G.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; (M.-M.C.); (Y.-M.G.); (W.-H.P.); (W.-J.W.); (W.C.)
- Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai 200092, China; (H.-Y.P.); (M.-R.B.); (H.-L.S.); (X.-R.H.); (W.-W.Y.); (B.-L.G.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; (M.-M.C.); (Y.-M.G.); (W.-H.P.); (W.-J.W.); (W.C.)
| | - Xun Chu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; (M.-M.C.); (Y.-M.G.); (W.-H.P.); (W.-J.W.); (W.C.)
- Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai 200092, China; (H.-Y.P.); (M.-R.B.); (H.-L.S.); (X.-R.H.); (W.-W.Y.); (B.-L.G.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai 200092, China
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Troyanovsky SM. Adherens junction: the ensemble of specialized cadherin clusters. Trends Cell Biol 2023; 33:374-387. [PMID: 36127186 PMCID: PMC10020127 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The cell-cell connections in adherens junctions (AJs) are mediated by transmembrane receptors, type I cadherins (referred to here as cadherins). These cadherin-based connections (or trans bonds) are weak. To upregulate their strength, cadherins exploit avidity, the increased affinity of binding between cadherin clusters compared with isolated monomers. Formation of such clusters is a unique molecular process that is driven by a synergy of direct and indirect cis interactions between cadherins located at the same cell. In addition to their role in adhesion, cadherin clusters provide structural scaffolds for cytosolic proteins, which implicate cadherin into different cellular activities and signaling pathways. The cluster lifetime, which depends on the actin cytoskeleton, and on the mechanical forces it generates, determines the strength of AJs and their plasticity. The key aspects of cadherin adhesion, therefore, cannot be understood at the level of isolated cadherin molecules, but should be discussed in the context of cadherin clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey M Troyanovsky
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Gong J, Yu J, Yin S, Ke J, Wu J, Liu C, Luo Z, Cheng WM, Xie Y, Chen Y, He Z, Lan P. Mesenteric Adipose Tissue-Derived Klebsiella variicola Disrupts Intestinal Barrier and Promotes Colitis by Type VI Secretion System. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205272. [PMID: 36802200 PMCID: PMC10131791 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) in Crohn's disease (CD) is associated with transmural inflammation. Extended mesenteric excision can reduce surgical recurrence and improve long-term outcomes, indicating that MAT plays an important role in the pathogenesis of CD. Bacterial translocation has been reported to occur in the MAT of patients with CD (CD-MAT), but the mechanisms by which translocated bacteria lead to intestinal colitis remain unclear. Here it is shown that members of Enterobacteriaceae are highly enriched in CD-MAT compared with non-CD controls. Viable Klebsiella variicola in Enterobacteriaceae is isolated exclusively in CD-MAT and can induce a pro-inflammatory response in vitro and exacerbates colitis both in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice model and IL-10-/- spontaneous colitis mice model. Mechanistically, active type VI secretion system (T6SS) is identified in the genome of K. variicola, which can impair the intestinal barrier by inhibiting the zonula occludens (ZO-1) expression. Dysfunction of T6SS by CRISPR interference system alleviates the inhibitory effect of K. variicola on ZO-1 expression and attenuated colitis in mice. Overall, these findings demonstrate that a novel colitis-promoting bacteria exist in the mesenteric adipose tissue of CD, opening a new therapeutic avenue for colitis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Gong
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryThe Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510655P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor DiseasesThe Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510655P. R. China
- Guangdong Institute of GastroenterologyGuangzhouGuangdong510655P. R. China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryThe Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510655P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor DiseasesThe Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510655P. R. China
| | - Shengmei Yin
- School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510275P. R. China
| | - Jia Ke
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryThe Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510655P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor DiseasesThe Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510655P. R. China
| | - Jinjie Wu
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryThe Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510655P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor DiseasesThe Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510655P. R. China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryThe Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510655P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor DiseasesThe Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510655P. R. China
- Guangdong Institute of GastroenterologyGuangzhouGuangdong510655P. R. China
| | - Zhanhao Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor DiseasesThe Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510655P. R. China
- Guangdong Institute of GastroenterologyGuangzhouGuangdong510655P. R. China
| | - Wai Ming Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor DiseasesThe Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510655P. R. China
- Guangdong Institute of GastroenterologyGuangzhouGuangdong510655P. R. China
| | - Yaozu Xie
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryThe Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510655P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor DiseasesThe Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510655P. R. China
| | - Yuan Chen
- School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510275P. R. China
| | - Zhen He
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryThe Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510655P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor DiseasesThe Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510655P. R. China
| | - Ping Lan
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryThe Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510655P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor DiseasesThe Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510655P. R. China
- Guangdong Institute of GastroenterologyGuangzhouGuangdong510655P. R. China
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Zhang Y, Fan B, Li X, Tang Y, Shao J, Liu L, Ren Y, Yang Y, Xu B. Phosphorylation of adducin-1 by TPX2 promotes interpolar microtubule homeostasis and precise chromosome segregation in mouse oocytes. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:205. [PMID: 36539904 PMCID: PMC9769001 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00943-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ADD1 (adducin-1) and TPX2 (targeting protein for Xklp2) are centrosomal proteins and regulate mitotic spindle assembly. Mammalian oocytes that segregate homologous chromosomes in Meiosis I and sister chromatids in Meiosis II with a spindle lacking centrosomes are more prone to chromosome segregation errors than in mitosis. However, the regulatory mechanisms of oocyte spindle assembly and the functions of ADD1 and TPX2 in this process remain elusive. RESULT We found that the expression levels and localization of ADD1, S726 phosphorylated ADD1 (p-ADD1), and TPX2 proteins exhibited spindle assembly-dependent dynamic changes during mouse oocyte meiosis. Taxol treatment, which stabilizes the microtubule polymer and protects it from disassembly, made the signals of ADD1, p-ADD1, and TPX2 present in the microtubule organizing centers of small asters and spindles. Knockdown of approximately 60% of ADD1 protein levels destabilized interpolar microtubules in the meiotic spindle, resulting in aberrant chromosome alignment, reduced first polar body extrusion, and increased aneuploidy in metaphase II oocytes, but did not affect K-fiber homeostasis and the expression and localization of TPX2. Strikingly, TPX2 deficiency caused increased protein content of ADD1, but decreased expression and detachment of p-ADD1 from the spindle, thereby arresting mouse oocytes at the metaphase I stage with collapsed spindles. CONCLUSION Phosphorylation of ADD1 at S726 by TPX2 mediates acentriolar spindle assembly and precise chromosome segregation in mouse oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, #4899 Juye Street, Jingyue District, Changchun, 130112 Jilin China ,grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin China
| | - Bingfeng Fan
- grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, #4899 Juye Street, Jingyue District, Changchun, 130112 Jilin China ,grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, #4899 Juye Street, Jingyue District, Changchun, 130112 Jilin China ,grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin China ,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology University, Jilin, China
| | - Yu Tang
- grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, #4899 Juye Street, Jingyue District, Changchun, 130112 Jilin China ,grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin China
| | - Jing Shao
- grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, #4899 Juye Street, Jingyue District, Changchun, 130112 Jilin China ,grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin China
| | - Lixiang Liu
- grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, #4899 Juye Street, Jingyue District, Changchun, 130112 Jilin China ,grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin China
| | - Yuhe Ren
- grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, #4899 Juye Street, Jingyue District, Changchun, 130112 Jilin China
| | - Yifeng Yang
- grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, #4899 Juye Street, Jingyue District, Changchun, 130112 Jilin China ,grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin China
| | - Baozeng Xu
- grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, #4899 Juye Street, Jingyue District, Changchun, 130112 Jilin China ,grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin China
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Moztarzadeh S, Radeva MY, Sepic S, Schuster K, Hamad I, Waschke J, García-Ponce A. Lack of adducin impairs the stability of endothelial adherens and tight junctions and may be required for cAMP-Rac1-mediated endothelial barrier stabilization. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14940. [PMID: 36056066 PMCID: PMC9440001 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18964-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Adducin (Add) is an actin binding protein participating in the stabilization of actin/spectrin networks, epithelial junctional turnover and cardiovascular disorders such as hypertension. Recently, we demonstrated that Add is required for adherens junctions (AJ) integrity. Here we hypothesized that Add regulates tight junctions (TJ) as well and may play a role in cAMP-mediated barrier enhancement. We evaluated the role of Add in MyEnd cells isolated from WT and Add-Knock-Out (KO) mice. Our results indicate that the lack of Add drastically alters the junctional localization and protein levels of major AJ and TJ components, including VE-Cadherin and claudin-5. We also showed that cAMP signaling induced by treatment with forskolin and rolipram (F/R) enhances the barrier integrity of WT but not Add-KO cells. The latter showed no junctional reorganization upon cAMP increase. The absence of Add also led to higher protein levels of the small GTPases Rac1 and RhoA. In vehicle-treated cells the activation level of Rac1 did not differ significantly when WT and Add-KO cells were compared. However, the lack of Add led to increased activity of RhoA. Moreover, F/R treatment triggered Rac1 activation only in WT cells. The function of Rac1 and RhoA per se was unaffected by the total ablation of Add, since direct activation with CN04 was still possible in both cell lines and led to improved endothelial barrier function. In the current study, we demonstrate that Add is required for the maintenance of endothelial barrier by regulating both AJ and TJ. Our data show that Add may act upstream of Rac1 as it is necessary for its activation via cAMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Moztarzadeh
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Mariya Y Radeva
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Sara Sepic
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Schuster
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Hamad
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Waschke
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander García-Ponce
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 11, 80336, Munich, Germany.
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Joe SY, Yang SG, Lee JH, Park HJ, Koo DB. Stabilization of F-Actin Cytoskeleton by Paclitaxel Improves the Blastocyst Developmental Competence through P38 MAPK Activity in Porcine Embryos. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081867. [PMID: 36009414 PMCID: PMC9405004 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in F-actin distribution and cortical F-actin morphology are important for blastocyst developmental competence during embryogenesis. However, the effect of paclitaxel as a microtubule stabilizer on embryonic development in pigs remains unclear. We investigated the role of F-actin cytoskeleton stabilization via P38 MAPK activation using paclitaxel to improve the developmental potential of blastocysts in pigs. In this study, F-actin enrichment and adducin expression based on blastomere fragment rate and cytokinesis defects were investigated in cleaved embryos after in vitro fertilization (IVF). Adducin and adhesive junction F-actin fluorescence intensity were significantly reduced with increasing blastomere fragment rate in porcine embryos. In addition, porcine embryos were cultured with 10 and 100 nM paclitaxel for two days after IVF. Adhesive junction F-actin stabilization and p-P38 MAPK activity in embryos exposed to 10 nM paclitaxel increased significantly with blastocyst development competence. However, increased F-actin aggregation, cytokinesis defects, and over-expression of p-P38 MAPK protein by 100 nM paclitaxel exposure disrupted blastocyst development in porcine embryos. In addition, exposure to 100 nM paclitaxel increased the misaligned α-tubulin of spindle assembly and adhesive junction F-actin aggregation at the blastocyst stage, which might be caused by p-P38 protein over-expression-derived apoptosis in porcine embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Yeon Joe
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Jillyang, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea; (S.-Y.J.); (S.-G.Y.)
- Institute of Infertility, Daegu University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Jillyang, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea
| | - Seul-Gi Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Jillyang, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea; (S.-Y.J.); (S.-G.Y.)
- Institute of Infertility, Daegu University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Jillyang, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Pocheon 11160, Korea;
- CHA Fertility Center, Seoul Station, Hangang-daero, Jung-gu, Seoul 04637, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Jillyang, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea; (S.-Y.J.); (S.-G.Y.)
- Institute of Infertility, Daegu University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Jillyang, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.-J.P.); (D.-B.K.); Tel.: +82-53-850-6557 (H.-J.P. & D.-B.K.); Fax: +82-53-850-6559 (H.-J.P. & D.-B.K.)
| | - Deog-Bon Koo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Jillyang, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea; (S.-Y.J.); (S.-G.Y.)
- Institute of Infertility, Daegu University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Jillyang, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.-J.P.); (D.-B.K.); Tel.: +82-53-850-6557 (H.-J.P. & D.-B.K.); Fax: +82-53-850-6559 (H.-J.P. & D.-B.K.)
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Lechuga S, Cartagena‐Rivera AX, Khan A, Crawford BI, Narayanan V, Conway DE, Lehtimäki J, Lappalainen P, Rieder F, Longworth MS, Ivanov AI. A myosin chaperone, UNC-45A, is a novel regulator of intestinal epithelial barrier integrity and repair. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22290. [PMID: 35344227 PMCID: PMC9044500 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200154r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The actomyosin cytoskeleton serves as a key regulator of the integrity and remodeling of epithelial barriers by controlling assembly and functions of intercellular junctions and cell-matrix adhesions. Although biochemical mechanisms that regulate the activity of non-muscle myosin II (NM-II) in epithelial cells have been extensively investigated, little is known about assembly of the contractile myosin structures at the epithelial adhesion sites. UNC-45A is a cytoskeletal chaperone that is essential for proper folding of NM-II heavy chains and myofilament assembly. We found abundant expression of UNC-45A in human intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) lines and in the epithelial layer of the normal human colon. Interestingly, protein level of UNC-45A was decreased in colonic epithelium of patients with ulcerative colitis. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-out of UNC-45A in HT-29cf8 and SK-CO15 IEC disrupted epithelial barrier integrity, impaired assembly of epithelial adherence and tight junctions and attenuated cell migration. Consistently, decreased UNC-45 expression increased permeability of the Drosophila gut in vivo. The mechanisms underlying barrier disruptive and anti-migratory effects of UNC-45A depletion involved disorganization of the actomyosin bundles at epithelial junctions and the migrating cell edge. Loss of UNC-45A also decreased contractile forces at apical junctions and matrix adhesions. Expression of deletion mutants revealed roles for the myosin binding domain of UNC-45A in controlling IEC junctions and motility. Our findings uncover a novel mechanism that regulates integrity and restitution of the intestinal epithelial barrier, which may be impaired during mucosal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Lechuga
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research InstituteCleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Alexander X. Cartagena‐Rivera
- Section on MechanobiologyNational Institute of Biomedical Imaging and BioengineeringNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Afshin Khan
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research InstituteCleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Bert I. Crawford
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research InstituteCleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Vani Narayanan
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Daniel E. Conway
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Jaakko Lehtimäki
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helsinki Institute of Life SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Pekka Lappalainen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helsinki Institute of Life SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research InstituteCleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOhioUSA,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery InstituteCleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Michelle S. Longworth
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research InstituteCleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Andrei I. Ivanov
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research InstituteCleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOhioUSA
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8
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DeOre BJ, Partyka PP, Fan F, Galie PA. CD44 mediates shear stress mechanotransduction in an in vitro blood-brain barrier model through small GTPases RhoA and Rac1. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22278. [PMID: 35436025 PMCID: PMC10758994 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100822rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Fluid shear stress is an important mediator of vascular permeability, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of shear on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) have yet to be clarified in cerebral vasculature despite its importance for brain homeostasis. The goal of this study is to probe components of shear mechanotransduction within the BBB to gain a better understanding of pathologies associated with changes in cerebral perfusion including ischemic stroke. Interrogating the effects of shear stress in vivo is complicated by the complexity of factors in the brain parenchyma and the difficulty associated with modulating blood flow regimes. The in vitro model used in this study is compatible with real-time measurement of barrier function using a transendothelial electrical resistance as well as immunocytochemistry and dextran permeability assays. These experiments reveal that there is a threshold level of shear stress required for barrier formation and that the composition of the extracellular matrix, specifically the presence of high molecular weight hyaluronan, dictates the flow response. Gene editing to modulate the expression of CD44, a mechanosensitive receptor for hyaluronan, demonstrates that the receptor is required for the endothelial response to shear stress. Manipulation of small GTPase activity reveals CD44 activates Rac1 while inhibiting RhoA activation. Additionally, adducin-γ localizes to tight junctions in response to shear stress and RhoA inhibition and is required to maintain the barrier. This study identifies specific components of the mechanosensing complex associated with the BBB response to fluid shear stress and, therefore, illuminates potential targets for barrier manipulation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J. DeOre
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
| | - Paul P. Partyka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Peter A. Galie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
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9
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Kiang KMY, Sun S, Leung GKK. ADD3 Deletion in Glioblastoma Predicts Disease Status and Survival. Front Oncol 2022; 11:717793. [PMID: 34970477 PMCID: PMC8712675 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.717793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 10 frequently occurs in gliomas. Whereas genetic loci with allelic deletion often implicate tumor suppressor genes, a putative tumor suppressor Adducin3 (ADD3) mapped to chromosome 10q25.2 was found to be preferentially downregulated in high-grade gliomas compared with low-grade lesions. In this study, we unveil how the assessment of ADD3 deletion provides clinical significance in glioblastoma (GBM). By deletion mapping, we assessed the frequency of LOH in forty-three glioma specimens using five microsatellite markers spanning chromosome 10q23-10qter. Data were validated in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort with 203 GBM patients. We found that allelic loss in both D10S173 (ADD3/MXI1 locus) and D10S1137 (MGMT locus) were positively associated with tumor grading and proliferative index (MIB-1). However, LOH events at only the ADD3/MXI1 locus provided prognostic significance with a marked reduction in patient survival and appeared to have diagnostic potential in differentiating high-grade gliomas from low-grade ones. Furthermore, we showed progressive loss of ADD3 in six out of seven patient-paired gliomas with malignant progression, as well as in recurrent GBMs. These findings suggest the significance of ADD3/MXI1 locus as a promising marker that can be used to refine the LOH10q assessment. Data further suggest the role of ADD3 as a novel tumor suppressor, whereby the loss of ADD3 is indicative of a progressive disease that may at least partially account for rapid disease progression in GBM. This study revealed for the first time the downregulation of ADD3 on the genetic level resulting from copy number deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karrie Mei-Yee Kiang
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stella Sun
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gilberto Ka-Kit Leung
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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10
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Rusu AD, Cornhill ZE, Coutiño BC, Uribe MC, Lourdusamy A, Markus Z, May ST, Rahman R, Georgiou M. CG7379 and ING1 suppress cancer cell invasion by maintaining cell-cell junction integrity. Open Biol 2021; 11:210077. [PMID: 34493070 PMCID: PMC8424350 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 90% of cancer-related deaths can be attributed to a tumour's ability to spread. We have identified CG7379, the fly orthologue of human ING1, as a potent invasion suppressor. ING1 is a type II tumour suppressor with well-established roles in the transcriptional regulation of genes that control cell proliferation, response to DNA damage, oncogene-induced senescence and apoptosis. Recent work suggests a possible role for ING1 in cancer cell invasion and metastasis, but the molecular mechanism underlying this observation is lacking. Our results show that reduced expression of CG7379 promotes invasion in vivo in Drosophila, reduces the junctional localization of several adherens and septate junction components, and severely disrupts cell-cell junction architecture. Similarly, ING1 knockdown significantly enhances invasion in vitro and disrupts E-cadherin distribution at cell-cell junctions. A transcriptome analysis reveals that loss of ING1 affects the expression of several junctional and cytoskeletal modulators, confirming ING1 as an invasion suppressor and a key regulator of cell-cell junction integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra D. Rusu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK,Leicester Institute for Structural and Chemical Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Zoe E. Cornhill
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Brenda Canales Coutiño
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - Anbarasu Lourdusamy
- School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Zsuzsa Markus
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Sean T. May
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Ruman Rahman
- School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Marios Georgiou
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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11
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Yang P, Yang Y, Sun P, Tian Y, Gao F, Wang C, Zong T, Li M, Zhang Y, Yu T, Jiang Z. βII spectrin (SPTBN1): biological function and clinical potential in cancer and other diseases. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:32-49. [PMID: 33390831 PMCID: PMC7757025 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.52375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
βII spectrin, the most common isoform of non-erythrocyte spectrin, is a cytoskeleton protein present in all nucleated cells. Interestingly, βII spectrin is essential for the development of various organs such as nerve, epithelium, inner ear, liver and heart. The functions of βII spectrin include not only establishing and maintaining the cell structure but also regulating a variety of cellular functions, such as cell apoptosis, cell adhesion, cell spreading and cell cycle regulation. Notably, βII spectrin dysfunction is associated with embryonic lethality and the DNA damage response. More recently, the detection of altered βII spectrin expression in tumors indicated that βII spectrin might be involved in the development and progression of cancer. Its mutations and disorders could result in developmental disabilities and various diseases. The versatile roles of βII spectrin in disease have been examined in an increasing number of studies; nonetheless, the exact mechanisms of βII spectrin are still poorly understood. Thus, we summarize the structural features and biological roles of βII spectrin and discuss its molecular mechanisms and functions in development, homeostasis, regeneration and differentiation. This review highlight the potential effects of βII spectrin dysfunction in cancer and other diseases, outstanding questions for the future investigation of therapeutic targets. The investigation of the regulatory mechanism of βII spectrin signal inactivation and recovery may bring hope for future therapy of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panyu Yang
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Pin Sun
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Fang Gao
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabiliation, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabiliation, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tingyu Zong
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Min Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.,Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhirong Jiang
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
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12
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Hiermaier M, Kliewe F, Schinner C, Stüdle C, Maly IP, Wanuske MT, Rötzer V, Endlich N, Vielmuth F, Waschke J, Spindler V. The Actin-Binding Protein α-Adducin Modulates Desmosomal Turnover and Plasticity. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 141:1219-1229.e11. [PMID: 33098828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Intercellular adhesion is essential for tissue integrity and homeostasis. Desmosomes are abundant in the epidermis and the myocardium-tissues, which are under constantly changing mechanical stresses. Yet, it is largely unclear whether desmosomal adhesion can be rapidly adapted to changing demands, and the mechanisms underlying desmosome turnover are only partially understood. In this study we show that the loss of the actin-binding protein α-adducin resulted in reduced desmosome numbers and prevented the ability of cultured keratinocytes or murine epidermis to withstand mechanical stress. This effect was not primarily caused by decreased levels or impaired adhesive properties of desmosomal molecules but rather by altered desmosome turnover. Mechanistically, reduced cortical actin density in α-adducin knockout keratinocytes resulted in increased mobility of the desmosomal adhesion molecule desmoglein 3 and impaired interactions with E-cadherin, a crucial step in desmosome formation. Accordingly, the loss of α-adducin prevented increased membrane localization of desmoglein 3 in response to cyclic stretch or shear stress. Our data demonstrate the plasticity of desmosomal molecules in response to mechanical stimuli and unravel a mechanism of how the actin cytoskeleton indirectly shapes intercellular adhesion by restricting the membrane mobility of desmosomal molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hiermaier
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Kliewe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Camilla Schinner
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Stüdle
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - I Piotr Maly
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Therès Wanuske
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Vera Rötzer
- Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicole Endlich
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Franziska Vielmuth
- Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Waschke
- Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Volker Spindler
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany.
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13
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Cao X, Sun L, Lechuga S, Naydenov NG, Feygin A, Ivanov AI. A Novel Pharmacological Approach to Enhance the Integrity and Accelerate Restitution of the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 26:1340-1352. [PMID: 32266946 PMCID: PMC7441106 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disruption of the gut barrier is an essential mechanism of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) contributing to the development of mucosal inflammation. A hallmark of barrier disruption is the disassembly of epithelial adherens junctions (AJs) driven by decreased expression of a major AJ protein, E-cadherin. A group of isoxazole compounds, such as E-cadherin-upregulator (ECU) and ML327, were previously shown to stimulate E-cadherin expression in poorly differentiated human cancer cells. This study was designed to examine whether these isoxazole compounds can enhance and protect model intestinal epithelial barriers in vitro. METHODS The study was conducted using T84, SK-CO15, and HT-29 human colonic epithelial cell monolayers. Disruption of the epithelial barrier was induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ. Barrier integrity and epithelial junction assembly was examined using different permeability assays, immunofluorescence labeling, and confocal microscopy. Epithelial restitution was analyzed using a scratch wound healing assay. RESULTS E-cadherin-upregulator and ML327 treatment of intestinal epithelial cell monolayers resulted in several barrier-protective effects, including reduced steady-state epithelial permeability, inhibition of cytokine-induced barrier disruption and junction disassembly, and acceleration of epithelial wound healing. Surprisingly, these effects were not due to upregulation of E-cadherin expression but were mediated by multiple mechanisms including inhibition of junction protein endocytosis, attenuation of cytokine-induced apoptosis, and activation of promigratory Src and AKT signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our data highlight ECU and ML327 as promising compounds for developing new therapeutic strategies to protect the integrity and accelerate the restitution of the intestinal epithelial barrier in IBD and other inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelei Cao
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | - Susana Lechuga
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | - Nayden G Naydenov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | - Alex Feygin
- School of Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Andrei I Ivanov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH,Address correspondence to: Andrei I. Ivanov, PhD, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NC22, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. E-mail:
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14
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Association of common variation in ADD3 and GPC1 with biliary atresia susceptibility. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:7163-7182. [PMID: 32315284 PMCID: PMC7202506 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Biliary atresia (BA) is an idiopathic neonatal cholestatic disease. Recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) revealed that common variation of ADD3, GPC1, ARF6, and EFEMP1 gene was associated with BA susceptibility. We aimed to evaluate the association of these genes with BA in Chinese population. Twenty single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in these four genes were genotyped in 340 BA patients and 1,665 controls. Three SNPs in ADD3 were significantly associated with BA, and rs17095355 was the top SNP (PAllele = 3.23×10-6). Meta-analysis of published data and current data indicated that rs17095355 was associated with BA susceptibility in Asians and Caucasians. Three associated SNPs were expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) for ADD3. Two GPC1 SNPs in high linkage disequilibrium (LD) showed nominal association with BA susceptibility (PAllele = 0.03 for rs6707262 and PAllele = 0.04 for rs6750380), and were eQTL of GPC1. Haplotype harboring these two SNPs almost reached the study-wide significance (P = 0.0035). No association for ARF6 and EFEMP1 was found with BA risk in the current population. Our study validated associations of ADD3 and GPC1 SNPs with BA risk in Chinese population and provided evidence of epistatic contributions of genetic factors to BA susceptibility.
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15
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Luo C, Wang G, Ying H, Shen J, Gilligan DM. Increased expression of phosphorylated adducin in tumor cells. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520910646. [PMID: 32237935 PMCID: PMC7132819 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520910646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This preclinical research was designed to study the phosphorylation level of adducin in cancer tissues, healthy tissues, and malignant tumor cells to determine the relationship between adducin and cancer. Methods Western blotting was used to detect the expression level of phospho-adducin in tissues and cell lines. Results Phospho-adducin at Ser662 was detected in all tumor cells and cancer tissues. The main type of phospho-adducin at Ser662 was γ-adducin in healthy lung tissue, and α-adducin in both lung cancer tissue and para-lung cancer tissue. Phosphorylation of adducin at Thr445 was observed in healthy lung tissue, adjacent healthy tissue, and cancer tissue, but was not detected in any other malignant cells. Additionally, more phosphorylation of adducin at Thr445 was seen in cancer tissue than in adjacent healthy tissue. Conclusion The abnormal expression of phospho-adducin at Ser662 and Thr445 may be associated with tumorigenesis, suggesting a novel approach for the diagnosis and treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Luo
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Institute of Cancer Research and Basic Medical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guirong Wang
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Huang Ying
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Yichun City, Yinchun University, Yichun, China
| | - Jiayu Shen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Diana M Gilligan
- Department of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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16
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Kiang KMY, Zhang P, Li N, Zhu Z, Jin L, Leung GKK. Loss of cytoskeleton protein ADD3 promotes tumor growth and angiogenesis in glioblastoma multiforme. Cancer Lett 2020; 474:118-126. [PMID: 31958485 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adducin 3 (ADD3) is a crucial assembly factor in the actin cytoskeleton and has been found to be aberrantly expressed in various cancers, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). It has previously been studied in array-based studies with controversial findings as to its functional role in glioma. In microarray analyses of 452 glioma specimens, we found significant downregulation of ADD3 in GBM, but not in less malignant gliomas, compared to normal brain tissue, which suggests that its downregulation might underlie critical events during malignant progression. We also found that ADD3 was functionally dependent on cell-matrix interaction. In our in vivo study, the proliferative and angiogenic capacity of ADD3-depleted GBM cells was promoted, possibly through PCNA, while p53 and p21 expression was suppressed, and pro-angiogenic signals were induced through VEGF-VEGFR-2-mediated activation in endothelial cells. With correlative in vitro, in vivo, and clinical data, we provide compelling evidence on the putative tumor-suppressive role of ADD3 in modulating GBM growth and angiogenesis. As a preclinical study, our research offers a better understanding of the pathogenesis of glioma malignant progression for the benefit of future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karrie Mei-Yee Kiang
- Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Pingde Zhang
- Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Zhiyuan Zhu
- Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Lei Jin
- Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Gilberto Ka-Kit Leung
- Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.
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17
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Huang SC, Liang JY, Vu LV, Yu FH, Ou AC, Ou JP, Zhang HS, Burnett KM, Benz EJ. Epithelial-specific isoforms of protein 4.1R promote adherens junction assembly in maturing epithelia. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:191-211. [PMID: 31776189 PMCID: PMC6952607 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial adherens junctions (AJs) and tight junctions (TJs) undergo disassembly and reassembly during morphogenesis and pathological states. The membrane-cytoskeleton interface plays a crucial role in junctional reorganization. Protein 4.1R (4.1R), expressed as a diverse array of spliceoforms, has been implicated in linking the AJ and TJ complex to the cytoskeleton. However, which specific 4.1 isoform(s) participate and the mechanisms involved in junctional stability or remodeling remain unclear. We now describe a role for epithelial-specific isoforms containing exon 17b and excluding exon 16 4.1R (4.1R+17b) in AJs. 4.1R+17b is exclusively co-localized with the AJs. 4.1R+17b binds to the armadillo repeats 1-2 of β-catenin via its membrane-binding domain. This complex is linked to the actin cytoskeleton via a bispecific interaction with an exon 17b-encoded peptide. Exon 17b peptides also promote fodrin-actin complex formation. Expression of 4.1R+17b forms does not disrupt the junctional cytoskeleton and AJs during the steady-state or calcium-dependent AJ reassembly. Overexpression of 4.1R-17b forms, which displace the endogenous 4.1R+17b forms at the AJs, as well as depletion of the 4.1R+17b forms both decrease junctional actin and attenuate the recruitment of spectrin to the AJs and also reduce E-cadherin during the initial junctional formation of the AJ reassembly process. Expressing 4.1R+17b forms in depleted cells rescues junctional localization of actin, spectrin, and E-cadherin assembly at the AJs. Together, our results identify a critical role for 4.1R+17b forms in AJ assembly and offer additional insights into the spectrin-actin-4.1R-based membrane skeleton as an emerging regulator of epithelial integrity and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ching Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
| | - Jia Y Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Long V Vu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Faye H Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Alexander C Ou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Jennie Park Ou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Henry S Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Kimberly M Burnett
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Edward J Benz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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18
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Sun L, Cao X, Lechuga S, Feygin A, Naydenov NG, Ivanov AI. A Septin Cytoskeleton-Targeting Small Molecule, Forchlorfenuron, Inhibits Epithelial Migration via Septin-Independent Perturbation of Cellular Signaling. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010084. [PMID: 31905721 PMCID: PMC7016606 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Septins are GTP-binding proteins that self-assemble into high-order cytoskeletal structures, filaments, and rings. The septin cytoskeleton has a number of cellular functions, including regulation of cytokinesis, cell migration, vesicle trafficking, and receptor signaling. A plant cytokinin, forchlorfenuron (FCF), interacts with septin subunits, resulting in the altered organization of the septin cytoskeleton. Although FCF has been extensively used to examine the roles of septins in various cellular processes, its specificity, and possible off-target effects in vertebrate systems, has not been investigated. In the present study, we demonstrate that FCF inhibits spontaneous, as well as hepatocyte growth factor-induced, migration of HT-29 and DU145 human epithelial cells. Additionally, FCF increases paracellular permeability of HT-29 cell monolayers. These inhibitory effects of FCF persist in epithelial cells where the septin cytoskeleton has been disassembled by either CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout or siRNA-mediated knockdown of septin 7, insinuating off-target effects of FCF. Biochemical analysis reveals that FCF-dependent inhibition of the motility of control and septin-depleted cells is accompanied by decreased expression of the c-Jun transcription factor and inhibited ERK activity. The described off-target effects of FCF strongly suggests that caution is warranted while using this compound to examine the biological functions of septins in cellular systems and model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Sun
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (L.S.); (X.C.); (S.L.); (N.G.N.)
| | - Xuelei Cao
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (L.S.); (X.C.); (S.L.); (N.G.N.)
| | - Susana Lechuga
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (L.S.); (X.C.); (S.L.); (N.G.N.)
| | - Alex Feygin
- School of Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Nursing, Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
| | - Nayden G. Naydenov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (L.S.); (X.C.); (S.L.); (N.G.N.)
| | - Andrei I. Ivanov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (L.S.); (X.C.); (S.L.); (N.G.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-216-444-5620
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Malaguarnera L. Vitamin D and microbiota: Two sides of the same coin in the immunomodulatory aspects. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 79:106112. [PMID: 31877495 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is crucial for host immune response, vitamin synthesis, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production, intestinal permeability, nutrient digestion energy metabolism and protection from pathogens. Therefore, gut microbiota guarantees the host's predisposition to gastrointestinal diseases. Intestinal microbiota may be damaged by environmental components with negative health conditions. Dysbiosis consisting in alteration in the gut microbiota has been involved in several disorders including inflammation, allergic reactions, autoimmune diseases, heart diseases, obesity, and metabolic syndrome and even in the state of malignant carcinogenesis existing in humans. Several epidemiological studies have shown that inadequate solar exposure results in vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency which has a strong impact on different immune responses and the occurrence of a wide range of pathological conditions. Additionally, new evidence indicates that the vitamin D pathway plays a key role in gut homeostasis. Due to the strong connection between vitamin D and microbiota, herein we focus on the new findings about intestinal bacteria-immune crosstalk and the impact of vitamin D in gut microbiota regulation, in order to offer new clarifications on their interaction. Understanding the mechanism by which vitamin D can affect the gut microbiota composition and its dynamic activities, as well as the innate and adaptive state of the immune system, is not only a fundamental research but also an opportunity to improve health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Malaguarnera
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 97, Catania, Italy.
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Expression profile analysis identifies IER3 to predict overall survival and promote lymph node metastasis in tongue cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:307. [PMID: 31832020 PMCID: PMC6873470 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-1028-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lymph node metastasis is one of the most important factors affecting the prognosis of tongue cancer, and the molecular mechanism regulating lymph node metastasis of tongue cancer is poorly known. Methods The gene expression dataset GSE2280 and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) tongue cancer dataset were downloaded. R software was used to identify the differentially expressed hallmark gene sets and individual genes between metastatic lymph node tissues and primary tongue cancer tissues, and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate the association with overall survival. The screening and validation of functional genes was performed using western blot, q-PCR, CCK-8, migration and invasion assays, and lymphangiogenesis was examined by using a tube formation assay. Results Thirteen common hallmark gene sets were found based on Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) and then subjected to differential gene expression analysis, by which 76 deregulated genes were found. Gene coexpression network analysis and survival analysis further confirmed that IER3 was the key gene associated with the prognosis and lymph node metastasis of tongue cancer patients. Knockdown of IER3 with siRNA inhibited the proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion of Tca-8113 cells in vitro and it also inhibited the secretion and expression of VEGF-C in these cells. The culture supernatant of Tca-8113 cells could promote lymphangiogenesis and migration of lymphatic endothelial cells, and knockdown of IER3 in Tca-8113 cells suppressed these processes. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that IER3 plays important roles in lymphangiogenesis regulation and prognosis in tongue cancer and might be a potential therapeutic target.
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Fang Q, Hu J, Nie Q, Nie S. Effects of polysaccharides on glycometabolism based on gut microbiota alteration. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Su CY, Yan RL, Hsu WH, Chu CT, Chang HC, Lai CC, Hsu HP, Chen HC. Phosphorylation of adducin-1 by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 is important for epidermal growth factor-induced cell migration. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13703. [PMID: 31548578 PMCID: PMC6757057 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50275-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is predominantly expressed in neuron and plays an important role in neuronal physiology. Increasing evidence also indicates that Cdk5 may contribute to malignant progression of some types of cancers; however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we found that Cdk5 directly phosphorylated the actin-binding protein adducin-1 (ADD1) at T724 in vitro and in intact cells. The capability of the phosphomimetic T724D mutant to bind to actin filaments was lower than that of wild type ADD1 and the T724A mutant. Cdk5 co-localized with ADD1 at the lamellipodia upon epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation. The increased lamellipodia formation and cell migration of human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 by EGF were accompanied by Cdk5 activation and increased phosphorylation of ADD1 at T724. Depletion of Cdk5 in MDA-MB-231 cells abrogated the effects of EGF on ADD1 T724 phosphorylation, lamellipodia formation, and cell migration. Likewise, depletion of ADD1 suppressed the effects of EGF on lamellipodia formation, cell migration, and invasion, all of which were restored by FLAG-ADD1 WT and the T724D mutant, but not the T724A mutant. Together, our results suggest that phosphorylation of ADD1 at T724 by Cdk5 is important for EGF-induced cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yi Su
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Liang Yan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsin Hsu
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Tung Chu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Chia Chang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chen Lai
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ping Hsu
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Chen Chen
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Differential gene response to coccidiosis in modern fast growing and slow growing broiler genotypes. Vet Parasitol 2018; 268:1-8. [PMID: 30981300 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We analysed intestinal tissues from groups of fast growing (Ross 308) broilers with natural or experimental coccidiosis, by genomic microarray. We identified genes that were differentially expressed (DE) in all groups and analysed expression of a panel of these, by qPCR, in Ross 308 and slow growing (Ranger classic) broilers, infected with 2500 or 7000 oocysts of Eimeria maxima for 6 or 13 days post-infection (dpi). Four genes (ADD3, MLLT10, NAV2 and PLXNA2) were upregulated (P <0.05) in Ross 308 but were not DE in Ranger Classic at 6 dpi with 2500 oocysts. Six genes (PTPRF, NCOR1, CSF3, SGK1, CROR and CD1B) were upregulated (P <0.05) in both Ross 308 and Ranger Classic infected with 2500 oocysts at 6 dpi but were not DE at 6 dpi with 7000 oocysts. At 13 dpi with 7000 oocysts, NAV2 and NCOR1 were upregulated in Ross 308 (P <0.05) and PTPRF was upregulated in both genotypes (P <0.05). DE of immune genes within the biomarker panel also occurred, with CSF3 upregulated in both genotypes infected with 2500 oocysts at 6 dpi and in Ranger Classic infected with 7000 oocysts, at 6 and 13 dpi (P <0.05). IL-22 was down-regulated in Ranger Classic infected with 2500 or 7000 oocysts at 6 dpi (P <0.05) but upregulated in both genotypes at 13 dpi (P <0.05). CD72 was down-regulated in Ranger Classic infected with 2500 oocysts at 6 dpi and with 7000 oocysts at 6 and 13 dpi (P <0.05). CD72 was upregulated in Ross 308 infected with 2500 oocysts at 6 dpi but was down-regulated following infection with 7000 oocysts at 13 dpi (P <0.05). In conclusion, differential gene expression occurs in fast and slow growing broiler genotypes with coccidiosis. In addition, we highlight a potential genetic biomarker panel for early diagnosis of coccidiosis.
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Lechuga S, Amin PH, Wolen AR, Ivanov AI. Adducins inhibit lung cancer cell migration through mechanisms involving regulation of cell-matrix adhesion and cadherin-11 expression. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1866:395-408. [PMID: 30290240 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration is a critical mechanism controlling tissue morphogenesis, epithelial wound healing and tumor metastasis. Migrating cells depend on orchestrated remodeling of the plasma membrane and the underlying actin cytoskeleton, which is regulated by the spectrin-adducin-based membrane skeleton. Expression of adducins is altered during tumorigenesis, however, their involvement in metastatic dissemination of tumor cells remains poorly characterized. This study investigated the roles of α-adducin (ADD1) and γ-adducin (ADD3) in regulating migration and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. ADD1 was mislocalized, whereas ADD3 was markedly downregulated in NSCLC cells with the invasive mesenchymal phenotype. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of ADD1 and ADD3 in epithelial-type NSCLC and normal bronchial epithelial cells promoted their Boyden chamber migration and Matrigel invasion. Furthermore, overexpression of ADD1, but not ADD3, in mesenchymal-type NSCLC cells decreased cell migration and invasion. ADD1-overexpressing NSCLC cells demonstrated increased adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM), accompanied by enhanced assembly of focal adhesions and hyperphosphorylation of Src and paxillin. The increased adhesiveness and decreased motility of ADD1-overexpressing cells were reversed by siRNA-mediated knockdown of Src. By contrast, the accelerated migration of ADD1 and ADD3-depleted NSCLC cells was ECM adhesion-independent and was driven by the upregulated expression of pro-motile cadherin-11. Overall, our findings reveal a novel function of adducins as negative regulators of NSCLC cell migration and invasion, which could be essential for limiting lung cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Lechuga
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States of America; Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America
| | - Parth H Amin
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America
| | - Aaron R Wolen
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America
| | - Andrei I Ivanov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States of America; Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America.
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Hsu WH, Wang WJ, Lin WY, Huang YM, Lai CC, Liao JC, Chen HC. Adducin-1 is essential for spindle pole integrity through its interaction with TPX2. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:embr.201745607. [PMID: 29925526 PMCID: PMC6073210 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201745607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar spindle assembly is necessary to ensure the proper progression of cell division. Loss of spindle pole integrity leads to multipolar spindles and aberrant chromosomal segregation. However, the mechanism underlying the maintenance of spindle pole integrity remains unclear. In this study, we show that the actin‐binding protein adducin‐1 (ADD1) is phosphorylated at S726 during mitosis. S726‐phosphorylated ADD1 localizes to centrosomes, wherein it organizes into a rosette‐like structure at the pericentriolar material. ADD1 depletion causes centriole splitting and therefore results in multipolar spindles during mitosis, which can be restored by re‐expression of ADD1 and the phosphomimetic S726D mutant but not by the S726A mutant. Moreover, the phosphorylation of ADD1 at S726 is crucial for its interaction with TPX2, which is essential for spindle pole integrity. Together, our findings unveil a novel function of ADD1 in maintaining spindle pole integrity through its interaction with TPX2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsin Hsu
- Ph.D. Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Won-Jing Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yi Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Min Huang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chen Lai
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Chi Liao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Chen Chen
- Ph.D. Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan .,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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26
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Yang C, Sui Z, Xu T, Liu W, Wang X, Zeng X. Lipid raft‑associated β‑adducin participates in neutrophil migration. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:1353-1360. [PMID: 29901076 PMCID: PMC6072155 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that lipid rafts and β-adducin serve an important role in leukocyte rolling. In the present study the migratory ability and behavior of neutrophils was demonstrated to rely on the integrity of the lipid raft structure. β-adducin was demonstrated to have a critical role in neutrophil migration. Knockdown of β-adducin attenuated the migratory ability of dHL-60 cells and the distribution of β-adducin in lipid raft structures was changed by N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenyl-alanine treatment. Furthermore, the findings demonstrated that the tyrosine phosphorylation of β-adducin was required for its relocation. The results of the present study suggested that the lipid raft-associated protein β-adducin may be a novel control point for the excessive infiltration of neutrophils during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
| | - Zhefeng Sui
- Hulunbeier Vocational College, Hulun Buir, Inner Mongolia 02100, P.R. China
| | - Tingshuang Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, China‑Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. Chin
| | - Wenai Liu
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Wang
- Department of Bioscience, School of Life Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130032, P.R. China
| | - Xianlu Zeng
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
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Bisogno LS, Friedersdorf MB, Keene JD. Ras Post-transcriptionally Enhances a Pre-malignantly Primed EMT to Promote Invasion. iScience 2018; 4:97-108. [PMID: 30240757 PMCID: PMC6147080 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is integral to cancer progression, with considerable evidence that EMT has multiple intermediary stages. Understanding the mechanisms of this stepwise activation is of great interest. We recreated a genetically defined model in which primary cells were immortalized, resulting in migratory capacity, and subsequently H-Ras-transformed, causing malignancy and invasion. To determine the mechanisms coordinating stepwise malignancy, we quantified the changes in messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein abundance. During immortalization, we found dramatic changes in mRNA, consistent with EMT, which correlated with protein abundance. Many of these same proteins also changed following Ras transformation, suggesting that pre-malignant cells were primed for malignant conversion. Unexpectedly, changes in protein abundance did not correlate with changes in mRNA following transformation. Importantly, proteins involved in cellular adhesion and cytoskeletal structure decreased during immortalization and decreased further following Ras transformation, whereas their encoding mRNAs only changed during the immortalization step. Thus, Ras induced EMT-associated invasion via post-transcriptional mechanisms in primed pre-malignant cells. Two-stage progressive cell culture model demonstrates partial EMT states Pre-malignant immortalization alters RNA abundance to induce cell migration Ras transformation alters protein abundance, but not RNA, to induce cell invasion Both stages cooperate to regulate protein expression of adhesion molecules and RBPs
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura S Bisogno
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Matthew B Friedersdorf
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jack D Keene
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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A Review on Adducin from Functional to Pathological Mechanisms: Future Direction in Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3465929. [PMID: 29862265 PMCID: PMC5976920 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3465929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adducin (ADD) is a family of membrane skeleton proteins including ADD1, ADD2, and ADD3 that are encoded by distinct genes on different chromosomes. Adducin is primarily responsible for the assembly of spectrin-actin network that provides physical support to the plasma membrane and mediates signal transduction in various cellular physiological processes upon regulation by protein kinase C-dependent and calcium/calmodulin-dependent pathways. Abnormal phosphorylation, genetic variations, and alternative splicing of adducin may contribute to alterations in cellular functions involved in pathogenic processes. These alterations are associated with a wide range of diseases including cancer. This paper begins with a discussion on how adducin partakes in the structural formation of membrane skeleton, its regulation, and related functional characteristics, followed by a review on the pathogenesis of hypertension, biliary atresia, and cancer with respect to increased disease susceptibility mediated by adducin polymorphism and/or dysregulation. Given the functional diversity of adducin in different cellular compartments, we aim to provide a knowledge base whereby its pathophysiological roles can be better understood. More importantly, we aim to provide novel insights that may be of significance in turning the adducin model to clinical application.
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Salinas-Torres VM, Salinas-Torres RA, Cerda-Flores RM, Martínez-de-Villarreal LE. Genetic variants conferring susceptibility to gastroschisis: a phenomenon restricted to the interaction with the environment? Pediatr Surg Int 2018; 34:505-514. [PMID: 29550988 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-018-4247-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genes involved in gastroschisis have shown a strong interaction with environmental factors. However, less is known about its influence. We aimed to systematically review the genetic associations of gastroschisis, to summarize whether its genetic susceptibility has been restricted to the interaction with the environment, and to identify significant gaps that remain for consideration in future studies. METHODS Genetic association studies of gastroschisis published 1980-2017 (PubMed/MEDLINE) were independently searched by two reviewers. Significant SNP-gastroschisis associations were grouped into crude and stratified risks, whereas SNPs were assessed from two or more independent studies. Frequencies, odds ratios, and 95% confidence intervals were pooled using descriptive analysis and Chi-square test accounting for heterogeneity. RESULTS Seven eligible articles capturing associations of 14 SNPs from 10 genes for crude risk (including 10 and 4 SNPs with increased and decreased risk, respectively) and 30 SNPs from 14 genes for stratified risk in gastroschisis (including 37 and 14 SNPs with increased and decreased risk, respectively) were identified (Fisher's exact test, P = 0.438). The rs4961 (ADD1), rs5443 (GNB3), rs1042713, and rs1042714 (ADRB2) were significantly associated with gastroschisis. CONCLUSIONS Genetic susceptibility in gastroschisis is not restricted to the interaction with the environment and should not be too narrowly focused on environmental factors. We found significant associations with four SNPs from three genes related to blood pressure regulation, which supports a significant role of vascular disruption in the pathogenesis of gastroschisis. Future studies considering gene-gene or gene-environmental interactions are warranted for better understanding the etiology of gastroschisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Salinas-Torres
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ave. Madero y Gonzalitos S/N Col. Mitras Centro, CP 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Rafael A Salinas-Torres
- Departamento de Sistemas y Computación, Instituto Tecnológico de Tijuana, Calzada del Tecnológico S/N Fracc. Tomas Aquino, CP 22414, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Ricardo M Cerda-Flores
- Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Dr. José Eleuterio González 1500, Mitras Norte, CP 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Laura E Martínez-de-Villarreal
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ave. Madero y Gonzalitos S/N Col. Mitras Centro, CP 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
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30
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Luo C, Shen J. Adducin in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:48453-48459. [PMID: 28476036 PMCID: PMC5564661 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adducin is a membrane-skeletal protein localized at spectrin-actin junctions, involving in the formation of the network of cytoskeleton, cellular signal transduction, ionic transportation, cell motility and cell proliferation. While previous researches focused mainly on the relationship between adducin and hypertension, there are few studies focusing on the role of adducin in tumor. Previous studies showed that adducin played a role in the evolution and progression of neoplasm. This review makes a brief summary on the structure, function and mechanism of adducin and how adducin functions in tumorigenesis and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Luo
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Department of Abdominal oncology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiayu Shen
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, The Second Clinical Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Radeva MY, Waschke J. Mind the gap: mechanisms regulating the endothelial barrier. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2018; 222. [PMID: 28231640 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The endothelial barrier consists of intercellular contacts localized in the cleft between endothelial cells, which is covered by the glycocalyx in a sievelike manner. Both types of barrier-forming junctions, i.e. the adherens junction (AJ) serving mechanical anchorage and mechanotransduction and the tight junction (TJ) sealing the intercellular space to limit paracellular permeability, are tethered to the actin cytoskeleton. Under resting conditions, the endothelium thereby builds a selective layer controlling the exchange of fluid and solutes with the surrounding tissue. However, in the situation of an inflammatory response such as in anaphylaxis or sepsis intercellular contacts disintegrate in post-capillary venules leading to intercellular gap formation. The resulting oedema can cause shock and multi-organ failure. Therefore, maintenance as well as coordinated opening and closure of interendothelial junctions is tightly regulated. The two principle underlying mechanisms comprise spatiotemporal activity control of the small GTPases Rac1 and RhoA and the balance of the phosphorylation state of AJ proteins. In the resting state, junctional Rac1 and RhoA activity is enhanced by junctional components, actin-binding proteins, cAMP signalling and extracellular cues such as sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1). In addition, phosphorylation of AJ components is prevented by junction-associated phosphatases including vascular endothelial protein tyrosine phosphatase (VE-PTP). In contrast, inflammatory mediators inhibiting cAMP/Rac1 signalling cause strong activation of RhoA and induce AJ phosphorylation finally leading to endocytosis and cleavage of VE-cadherin. This results in dissolution of TJs the outcome of which is endothelial barrier breakdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Y. Radeva
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Munich Germany
| | - J. Waschke
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Munich Germany
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Zeng Q, He X, Puthiyakunnon S, Xiao H, Gong Z, Boddu S, Chen L, Tian H, Huang SH, Cao H. Probiotic Mixture Golden Bifido Prevents Neonatal Escherichia coli K1 Translocation via Enhancing Intestinal Defense. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1798. [PMID: 28979247 PMCID: PMC5611410 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli) K1 sepsis and meningitis is a severe infection characterized by high mortality in neonates. Successful colonization and translocation across the intestinal mucosa have been regarded as the critical steps for E. coli K1 sepsis and meningitis. We recently reported that the probiotic mixture, Golden Bifido (containing live Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Bifidobacterium, and Streptococcus thermophilus, LBS) has a preventive role against neonatal E. coli K1 bacteremia and meningitis. However, the interaction between the neonatal gut barrier, probiotics and E. coli K1 is still not elucidated. The present study aims to investigate how LBS exerts its protective effects on neonatal gut barrier during E. coli K1 infection. The beneficial effects of LBS were explored in vitro and in vivo using human colon carcinoma cell lines HT-29 and rat model of neonatal E. coli K1 infection, respectively. Our results showed that stimulation with E. coli K1 was able to cause intestinal barrier dysfunction, which were reflected by E. coli K1-induced intestinal damage and apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells, reduction of mucin, immunoglobulin A (IgA) and tight junction proteins expression, as well as increase in intestinal permeability, all these changes facilitate E. coli K1 intestinal translocation. However, these changes were alleviated when HT-29 cells were treated with LBS before E. coli K1 infection. Furthermore, we found that LBS-treated neonatal rats (without E. coli K1 infection) have showed higher production of mucin, ZO-1, IgA, Ki67 in intestinal mucosa as well as lower intestinal permeability than that of non-treated rats, indicating that LBS could accelerate the development of neonatal intestinal defense. Taken together, our results suggest that enhancement of the neonatal intestinal defense to fight against E. coli K1 translocation could be the potential mechanism to elucidate how LBS confers a protective effect against neonatal E. coli K1 bacteremia and meningitis. This indirect mechanism makes LBS exert preventive effect on most of gut-derived pathogenic infections rather than only E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zeng
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong He
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Santhosh Puthiyakunnon
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Hansen Xiao
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Zelong Gong
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Swapna Boddu
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Lecheng Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Huiwen Tian
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China.,The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Sheng-He Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los AngelesCA, United States
| | - Hong Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
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Wieben ED, Aleff RA, Tang X, Butz ML, Kalari KR, Highsmith EW, Jen J, Vasmatzis G, Patel SV, Maguire LJ, Baratz KH, Fautsch MP. Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion in the Transcription Factor 4 (TCF4) Gene Leads to Widespread mRNA Splicing Changes in Fuchs' Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:343-352. [PMID: 28118661 PMCID: PMC5270622 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-20900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To identify RNA missplicing events in human corneal endothelial tissue isolated from Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD). Methods Total RNA was isolated and sequenced from corneal endothelial tissue obtained during keratoplasty from 12 patients with FECD and 4 patients undergoing keratoplasty or enucleation for other indications. The length of the trinucleotide repeat (TNR) CTG in the transcription factor 4 (TCF4) gene was determined using leukocyte-derived DNA analyzed by a combination of Southern blotting and Genescan analysis. Commercial statistical software was used to quantify expression of alternatively spliced genes. Validation of selected alternative splicing events was performed by using RT-PCR. Gene sets identified were analyzed for overrepresentation using Web-based analysis system. Results Corneal endothelial tissue from FECD patients containing a CTG TNR expansion sequence in the TCF4 gene revealed widespread changes in mRNA splicing, including a novel splicing event involving FGFR2. Differential splicing of NUMA1, PPFIBP1, MBNL1, and MBNL2 transcripts were identified in all FECD samples containing a TNR expansion. The differentially spliced genes were enriched for products that localize to the cell cortex and bind cytoskeletal and cell adhesion proteins. Conclusions Corneal endothelium from FECD patients harbors a unique signature of mis-splicing events due to CTG TNR expansion in the TCF4 gene, consistent with the hypothesis that RNA toxicity contributes to the pathogenesis of FECD. Changes to the endothelial barrier function, a known event in the development of FECD, was identified as a key biological process influenced by the missplicing events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Wieben
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Ross A Aleff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Xiaojia Tang
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics and Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Malinda L Butz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Krishna R Kalari
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics and Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Edward W Highsmith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Jin Jen
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - George Vasmatzis
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Sanjay V Patel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Leo J Maguire
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Keith H Baratz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Michael P Fautsch
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
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Manvati S, Mangalhara KC, Khan J, Pathania GL, Kaul S, Kaushik M, Arora A, Dhar PK. Deciphering the role of microRNA - A step by step guide. Gene Expr Patterns 2017; 25-26:59-65. [PMID: 28603023 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), are small non-coding RNAs of approximately 22 nucleotides in length, playing an important role in regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally. Understanding the effect of miRNA regulation in a pathway-specific manner unravels the approaches adopted to apprehend biological mechanisms, the information, which is scanty for researchers, not primed already for miR related research. Here, we describe a quick perspective in 5 steps with probable approaches and assays at every level to unravel the specific role of a microRNA, miR-145a-5p, as an example. This perspective as a guide would help in identifying novel targets for a microRNA, as shown for miR-145a-5p, which down-regulated the mRNA expression of ADD3 and BRCA2, using bioinformatic tools and experimental assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Manvati
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, Saraswatipuram, New Delhi 110067, India.
| | - Kailash Chandra Mangalhara
- National Centre of Applied Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, Saraswatipuram, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Juveria Khan
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, Saraswatipuram, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Geeta Lal Pathania
- National Centre of Applied Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, Saraswatipuram, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Srishti Kaul
- Northeastern University - College of Professional Studies, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Monika Kaushik
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, Saraswatipuram, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ankita Arora
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, Saraswatipuram, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Pawan K Dhar
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, Saraswatipuram, New Delhi 110067, India
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Arnold TR, Stephenson RE, Miller AL. Rho GTPases and actomyosin: Partners in regulating epithelial cell-cell junction structure and function. Exp Cell Res 2017; 358:20-30. [PMID: 28363828 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial tissues are defined by polarized epithelial cells that are integrated into tissues and exhibit barrier function in order to regulate what is allowed to pass between cells. Cell-cell junctions must be stable enough to promote barrier function and tissue integrity, yet plastic enough to remodel when necessary. This remarkable ability to dynamically sense and respond to changes in cell shape and tissue tension allows cell-cell junctions to remain functional during events that disrupt epithelial homeostasis including morphogenesis, wound healing, and cell division. In order to achieve this plasticity, both tight junctions and adherens junctions are coupled to the underlying actomyosin cytoskeleton. Here, we discuss the importance of the junctional linkage to actomyosin and how a localized zone of active RhoA along with other Rho GTPases work together to orchestrate junctional actomyosin dynamics. We focus on how scaffold proteins help coordinate Rho GTPases, their upstream regulators, and their downstream effectors for efficient, localized Rho GTPase signaling output. Additionally, we highlight important roles junctional actin-binding proteins play in addition to their traditional roles in organizing actin. Together, Rho GTPases, their regulators, and effectors form compartmentalized signaling modules that regulate actomyosin structure and contractility to achieve proper cell-cell adhesion and tissue barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torey R Arnold
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Rachel E Stephenson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Ann L Miller
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
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Ye Y, Li Z, Feng Q, Chen Z, Wu Z, Wang J, Ye X, Zhang D, Liu L, Gao W, Zhang L, Wang B. Downregulation of microRNA-145 may contribute to liver fibrosis in biliary atresia by targeting ADD3. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180896. [PMID: 28902846 PMCID: PMC5597134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Biliary atresia (BA) is a pediatric liver disease characterized by fibro-obliteration and obstruction of the extrahepatic biliary system, that invariably leads to cirrhosis and even death, if left untreated for extended time. However, its pathology and etiology still remained unknown. In this study, we tested the expression of adducin 3 (ADD3), the gene identified as a susceptibility gene in BA by GWAS, and uncovered its upstream regulatory microRNA in the pathogenesis of BA. METHODS In this study, 14 infants with BA and 14 infants with choledochal cyst (CC) were enrolled as experimental group and control group, respectively. ADD3 and microRNA-145 (miR-145) expression profiles in liver tissues of BA and CC were determined using qPCR. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to verify the direct interaction between miR-145-5p and ADD3 3' Untranslated Regions (3'UTR). The Lentiviral vectors containing miR-145, miR-145-3p inhibitor, miR-145-5p inhibitor, empty vector were transfected into human hepatic stellate cell line (LX-2) to determine the functional effect of miR-145 on ADD3 expression at both mRNA and protein level. RESULTS MiR-145 was shown to be down-regulated in liver tissues of infants with BA compared to CC (p = 0.0267). ADD3, verified as a target of miR-145-5p, was shown to be overexpressed in infants with BA at the mRNA level (p = 0.0118). Transfection of lentiviruses containing miR-145 into LX-2 cells decreased the expression of ADD3 at both mRNA and protein level compared to negative control group, and suppressed the expression of p-Akt at protein level. CONCLUSIONS Our study has shown that overexpressed ADD3 and downregulated miR-145 were detected in BA liver tissues. MiR-145-5p was confirmed to target ADD3 by luciferase reporter assay. The downregulation of miR-145 may contribute to liver fibrosis in BA by upregulating the expression of ADD3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqin Ye
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhihan Li
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zimin Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhouguang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianyao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoshuo Ye
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Dahao Zhang
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Organ Transplatation, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail: (BW); (WG); (LZ)
| | - Lihui Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (BW); (WG); (LZ)
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (BW); (WG); (LZ)
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RNA sequencing analysis of human podocytes reveals glucocorticoid regulated gene networks targeting non-immune pathways. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35671. [PMID: 27774996 PMCID: PMC5075905 DOI: 10.1038/srep35671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are steroids that reduce inflammation and are used as immunosuppressive drugs for many diseases. They are also the mainstay for the treatment of minimal change nephropathy (MCN), which is characterised by an absence of inflammation. Their mechanisms of action remain elusive. Evidence suggests that immunomodulatory drugs can directly act on glomerular epithelial cells or ‘podocytes’, the cell type which is the main target of injury in MCN. To understand the nature of glucocorticoid effects on non-immune cell functions, we generated RNA sequencing data from human podocyte cell lines and identified the genes that are significantly regulated in dexamethasone-treated podocytes compared to vehicle-treated cells. The upregulated genes are of functional relevance to cytoskeleton-related processes, whereas the downregulated genes mostly encode pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. We observed a tendency for dexamethasone-upregulated genes to be downregulated in MCN patients. Integrative analysis revealed gene networks composed of critical signaling pathways that are likely targeted by dexamethasone in podocytes.
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Li J, Gao W, Zuo W, Liu X. Association between rs17095355 polymorphism on 10q24 and susceptibility to biliary atresia: a meta-analysis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2016; 30:1882-1886. [PMID: 27557278 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2016.1228102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies have identified 10q24-rs17095355 as a susceptibility locus for biliary atresia (BA). To more precisely estimate the association between the rs17095355 polymorphism and BA risk, a meta-analysis was performed. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted to examine all the eligible studies by electronic databases including Elsevier Science Direct, Pubmed, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Chinese Biomedical Literature (CBM) up to December 2015. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the strength of the association. RESULTS A total of 6 comparisons from 5 relevant studies involving 1000 patients and 3257 controls were included to analyze the association between rs17095355 and BA risk. The pooled OR for T allele of rs17095355 was 1.72 (95%CI 1.53-1.92, p < 0.01) in BA. Stratification by ethnicity indicated the degree of risk of rs17095355 with BA susceptibility was similar in populations of Asian origin. The pooled OR was 1.81 (95%CI 1.60-2.06, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis confirms the association of rs17095355 polymorphism and BA development, especially in Asians. More original studies with large sample are needed to replicate this genetic association in different ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- a Department of Public Health and General Medicine , Anhui University of Chinese Medicine , Hefei , Anhui , China and
| | - Wei Gao
- b Department of Pediatric Surgery , Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital , Hefei , Anhui , China
| | - Wei Zuo
- b Department of Pediatric Surgery , Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital , Hefei , Anhui , China
| | - Xiang Liu
- b Department of Pediatric Surgery , Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital , Hefei , Anhui , China
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Miller KA, Chaand M, Gregoire S, Yoshida T, Beck LA, Ivanov AI, Dziejman M. Characterization of V. cholerae T3SS-dependent cytotoxicity in cultured intestinal epithelial cells. Cell Microbiol 2016; 18:1857-1870. [PMID: 27302486 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AM-19226 is a pathogenic, non-O1/non-O139 serogroup strain of Vibrio cholerae that uses a Type 3 Secretion System (T3SS) mediated mechanism to colonize host tissues and disrupt homeostasis, causing cholera. Co-culturing the Caco2-BBE human intestinal epithelial cell line with AM-19226 in the presence of bile results in rapid mammalian cell death that requires a functional T3SS. We examined the role of bile, sought to identify the mechanism, and evaluated the contributions of T3SS translocated effectors in in vitro cell death. Our results suggest that Caco2-BBE cytotoxicity does not proceed by apoptotic or necrotic mechanisms, but rather displays characteristics consistent with osmotic lysis. Cell death was preceded by disassembly of epithelial junctions and reorganization of the cortical membrane skeleton, although neither cell death nor cell-cell disruption required VopM or VopF, two effectors known to alter actin dynamics. Using deletion strains, we identified a subset of AM-19226 Vops that are required for host cell death, which were previously assigned roles in protein translocation and colonization, suggesting that they function other than to promote cytotoxicity. The collective results therefore suggest that cooperative Vop activities are required to achieve cytotoxicity in vitro, or alternatively, that translocon pores destabilize the membrane in a bile dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Miller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Mudit Chaand
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Stacy Gregoire
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Takeshi Yoshida
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Lisa A Beck
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Andrei I Ivanov
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Michelle Dziejman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
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Determination of a Comprehensive Alternative Splicing Regulatory Network and Combinatorial Regulation by Key Factors during the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition. Mol Cell Biol 2016; 36:1704-19. [PMID: 27044866 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00019-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an essential biological process during embryonic development that is also implicated in cancer metastasis. While the transcriptional regulation of EMT has been well studied, the role of alternative splicing (AS) regulation in EMT remains relatively uncharacterized. We previously showed that the epithelial cell-type-specific proteins epithelial splicing regulatory proteins 1 (ESRP1) and ESRP2 are important for the regulation of many AS events that are altered during EMT. However, the contributions of the ESRPs and other splicing regulators to the AS regulatory network in EMT require further investigation. Here, we used a robust in vitro EMT model to comprehensively characterize splicing switches during EMT in a temporal manner. These investigations revealed that the ESRPs are the major regulators of some but not all AS events during EMT. We determined that the splicing factor RBM47 is downregulated during EMT and also regulates numerous transcripts that switch splicing during EMT. We also determined that Quaking (QKI) broadly promotes mesenchymal splicing patterns. Our study highlights the broad role of posttranscriptional regulation during the EMT and the important role of combinatorial regulation by different splicing factors to fine tune gene expression programs during these physiological and developmental transitions.
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Impact of gut microbiota on diabetes mellitus. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2016; 42:303-315. [PMID: 27179626 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Various functions of the gut are regulated by sophisticated interactions among its functional elements, including the gut microbiota. These microorganisms play a crucial role in gastrointestinal mucosa permeability. They control the fermentation and absorption of dietary polysaccharides to produce short-chain fatty acids, which may explain their importance in the regulation of fat accumulation and the subsequent development of obesity-related diseases, suggesting that they are a crucial mediator of obesity and its consequences. In addition, gut bacteria play a crucial role in the host immune system, modulation of inflammatory processes, extraction of energy from the host diet and alterations of human gene expression. Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota has been shown to confer a number of health benefits to the host. Simple therapeutic strategies targeted at attenuating the progression of chronic low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance are urgently required to prevent or slow the development of diabetes in susceptible individuals. The main objective of this review is to address the pathogenic association between gut microbiota and diabetes, and to explore any novel related therapeutic targets. New insights into the role of the gut microbiota in diabetes could lead to the development of integrated strategies using probiotics to prevent and treat these metabolic disorders.
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Wang D, Naydenov NG, Feygin A, Baranwal S, Kuemmerle JF, Ivanov AI. Actin-Depolymerizing Factor and Cofilin-1 Have Unique and Overlapping Functions in Regulating Intestinal Epithelial Junctions and Mucosal Inflammation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:844-58. [PMID: 26878213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is a crucial regulator of the intestinal mucosal barrier, controlling the assembly and function of epithelial adherens and tight junctions (AJs and TJs). Junction-associated actin filaments are dynamic structures that undergo constant turnover. Members of the actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF) and cofilin protein family play key roles in actin dynamics by mediating filament severing and polymerization. We examined the roles of ADF and cofilin-1 in regulating the structure and functions of AJs and TJs in the intestinal epithelium. Knockdown of either ADF or cofilin-1 by RNA interference increased the paracellular permeability of human colonic epithelial cell monolayers to small ions. Additionally, cofilin-1, but not ADF, depletion increased epithelial permeability to large molecules. Loss of either ADF or cofilin-1 did not affect the steady-state morphology of AJs and TJs but attenuated de novo junctional assembly. The observed defects in AJ and TJ formation were accompanied by delayed assembly of the perijunctional filamentous actin belt. A total loss of ADF expression in mice did not result in a defective mucosal barrier or in spontaneous gut inflammation. However, ADF-null mice demonstrated increased intestinal permeability and exaggerated inflammation during dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. Our findings demonstrate novel roles for ADF and cofilin-1 in regulating the remodeling and permeability of epithelial junctions, as well as the role of ADF in limiting the severity of intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Nayden G Naydenov
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Alex Feygin
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Somesh Baranwal
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - John F Kuemmerle
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Andrei I Ivanov
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; Virginia Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.
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Ningappa M, So J, Glessner J, Ashokkumar C, Ranganathan S, Min J, Higgs BW, Sun Q, Haberman K, Schmitt L, Vilarinho S, Mistry PK, Vockley G, Dhawan A, Gittes GK, Hakonarson H, Jaffe R, Subramaniam S, Shin D, Sindhi R. The Role of ARF6 in Biliary Atresia. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138381. [PMID: 26379158 PMCID: PMC4574480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Altered extrahepatic bile ducts, gut, and cardiovascular anomalies constitute the variable phenotype of biliary atresia (BA). Methods To identify potential susceptibility loci, Caucasian children, normal (controls) and with BA (cases) at two US centers were compared at >550000 SNP loci. Systems biology analysis was carried out on the data. In order to validate a key gene identified in the analysis, biliary morphogenesis was evaluated in 2-5-day post-fertilization zebrafish embryos after morpholino-antisense oligonucleotide knockdown of the candidate gene ADP ribosylation factor-6 (ARF6, Mo-arf6). Results Among 39 and 24 cases at centers 1 and 2, respectively, and 1907 controls, which clustered together on principal component analysis, the SNPs rs3126184 and rs10140366 in a 3’ flanking enhancer region for ARF6 demonstrated higher minor allele frequencies (MAF) in each cohort, and 63 combined cases, compared with controls (0.286 vs. 0.131, P = 5.94x10-7, OR 2.66; 0.286 vs. 0.13, P = 5.57x10-7, OR 2.66). Significance was enhanced in 77 total cases, which included 14 additional BA genotyped at rs3126184 only (p = 1.58x10-2, OR = 2.66). Pathway analysis of the 1000 top-ranked SNPs in CHP cases revealed enrichment of genes for EGF regulators (p<1 x10-7), ERK/MAPK and CREB canonical pathways (p<1 x10-34), and functional networks for cellular development and proliferation (p<1 x10-45), further supporting the role of EGFR-ARF6 signaling in BA. In zebrafish embryos, Mo-arf6 injection resulted in a sparse intrahepatic biliary network, several biliary epithelial cell defects, and poor bile excretion to the gall bladder compared with uninjected embryos. Biliary defects were reproduced with the EGFR-blocker AG1478 alone or with Mo-arf6 at lower doses of each agent and rescued with arf6 mRNA. Conclusions The BA-associated SNPs identify a chromosome 14q21.3 susceptibility locus encompassing the ARF6 gene. arf6 knockdown in zebrafish implicates early biliary dysgenesis as a basis for BA, and also suggests a role for EGFR signaling in BA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylarappa Ningappa
- Hillman Center for Pediatric Transplantation of the Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, United States of America
| | - Juhoon So
- Department of Developmental Biology and McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, United States of America
| | - Joseph Glessner
- Center for Applied Genomics of the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States of America
| | - Chethan Ashokkumar
- Hillman Center for Pediatric Transplantation of the Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, United States of America
| | - Sarangarajan Ranganathan
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pediatric Pathology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, United States of America
| | - Jun Min
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92013, United States of America
| | - Brandon W. Higgs
- Hillman Center for Pediatric Transplantation of the Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, United States of America
| | - Qing Sun
- Hillman Center for Pediatric Transplantation of the Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, United States of America
| | - Kimberly Haberman
- Hillman Center for Pediatric Transplantation of the Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, United States of America
| | - Lori Schmitt
- Histology Core Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, United States of America
| | - Silvia Vilarinho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, United States of America
| | - Pramod K. Mistry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, United States of America
| | - Gerard Vockley
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, United States of America
| | - Anil Dhawan
- Paediatric Liver, GI, and Nutrition, King’s College Hospital, London, WC2R 2LS, England
| | - George K. Gittes
- Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, United States of America
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics of the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States of America
| | - Ronald Jaffe
- Histology Core Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, United States of America
| | - Shankar Subramaniam
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92013, United States of America
| | - Donghun Shin
- Department of Developmental Biology and McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, United States of America
| | - Rakesh Sindhi
- Hillman Center for Pediatric Transplantation of the Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kugelmann D, Waschke J, Radeva MY. Adducin is involved in endothelial barrier stabilization. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126213. [PMID: 25978380 PMCID: PMC4433183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Adducins tightly regulate actin dynamics which is critical for endothelial barrier function. Adducins were reported to regulate epithelial junctional remodeling by controlling the assembly of actin filaments at areas of cell-cell contact. Here, we investigated the role of α-adducin for endothelial barrier regulation by using microvascular human dermal and myocardial murine endothelial cells. Parallel transendothelial electrical resistance (TER) measurements and immunofluorescence analysis revealed that siRNA-mediated adducin depletion impaired endothelial barrier formation and led to severe fragmentation of VE-cadherin immunostaining at cell-cell borders. To further test whether the peripheral localization of α-adducin is functionally linked with the integrity of endothelial adherens junctions, junctional remodeling was induced by a Ca(2+)-switch assay. Ca(2+)-depletion disturbed both linear vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin and adducin location along cell junctions, whereas their localization was restored following Ca(2+)-repletion. Similar results were obtained for α-adducin phosphorylated at a site typical for PKA (pSer481). To verify that endothelial barrier properties and junction reorganization can be effectively modulated by altering Ca(2+)-concentration, TER measurements were performed. Thus, Ca(2+)-depletion drastically reduced TER, whereas Ca(2+)-repletion led to recovery of endothelial barrier properties resulting in increased TER. Interestingly, the Ca(2+)-dependent increase in TER was also significantly reduced after efficient α-adducin downregulation. Finally, we report that inflammatory mediator-induced endothelial barrier breakdown is associated with loss of α-adducin from the cell membrane. Taken together, our results indicate that α-adducin is involved in remodeling of endothelial adhesion junctions and thereby contributes to endothelial barrier regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Kugelmann
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department 1, München, Germany
| | - Jens Waschke
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department 1, München, Germany
- * E-mail: ; (MYR); (JW)
| | - Mariya Y. Radeva
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department 1, München, Germany
- * E-mail: ; (MYR); (JW)
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Lechuga S, Baranwal S, Ivanov AI. Actin-interacting protein 1 controls assembly and permeability of intestinal epithelial apical junctions. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 308:G745-56. [PMID: 25792565 PMCID: PMC4421013 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00446.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Adherens junctions (AJs) and tight junctions (TJs) are crucial regulators of the integrity and restitution of the intestinal epithelial barrier. The structure and function of epithelial junctions depend on their association with the cortical actin cytoskeleton that, in polarized epithelial cells, is represented by a prominent perijunctional actomyosin belt. The assembly and stability of the perijunctional cytoskeleton is controlled by constant turnover (disassembly and reassembly) of actin filaments. Actin-interacting protein (Aip) 1 is an emerging regulator of the actin cytoskeleton, playing a critical role in filament disassembly. In this study, we examined the roles of Aip1 in regulating the structure and remodeling of AJs and TJs in human intestinal epithelium. Aip1 was enriched at apical junctions in polarized human intestinal epithelial cells and normal mouse colonic mucosa. Knockdown of Aip1 by RNA interference increased the paracellular permeability of epithelial cell monolayers, decreased recruitment of AJ/TJ proteins to steady-state intercellular contacts, and attenuated junctional reassembly in a calcium-switch model. The observed defects of AJ/TJ structure and functions were accompanied by abnormal organization and dynamics of the perijunctional F-actin cytoskeleton. Moreover, loss of Aip1 impaired the apico-basal polarity of intestinal epithelial cell monolayers and inhibited formation of polarized epithelial cysts in 3-D Matrigel. Our findings demonstrate a previously unanticipated role of Aip1 in regulating the structure and remodeling of intestinal epithelial junctions and early steps of epithelial morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Lechuga
- 1Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia;
| | - Somesh Baranwal
- 1Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia;
| | - Andrei I. Ivanov
- 1Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; ,2Virginia Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; ,3VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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F-actin binding protein, anillin, regulates integrity of intercellular junctions in human epithelial cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:3185-3200. [PMID: 25809162 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1890-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJ) and adherens junctions (AJ) are key morphological features of differentiated epithelial cells that regulate the integrity and permeability of tissue barriers. Structure and remodeling of epithelial junctions depends on their association with the underlying actomyosin cytoskeleton. Anillin is a unique scaffolding protein interacting with different cytoskeletal components, including actin filaments and myosin motors. Its role in the regulation of mammalian epithelial junctions remains unexplored. Downregulation of anillin expression in human prostate, colonic, and lung epithelial cells triggered AJ and TJ disassembly without altering the expression of junctional proteins. This junctional disassembly was accompanied by dramatic disorganization of the perijunctional actomyosin belt; while the general architecture of the actin cytoskeleton, and activation status of non-muscle myosin II, remained unchanged. Furthermore, loss of anillin disrupted the adducin-spectrin membrane skeleton at the areas of cell-cell contact, selectively decreased γ-adducin expression, and induced cytoplasmic aggregation of αII-spectrin. Anillin knockdown activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and JNK inhibition restored AJ and TJ integrity and cytoskeletal organization in anillin-depleted cells. These findings suggest a novel role for anillin in regulating intercellular adhesion in model human epithelia by mechanisms involving the suppression of JNK activity and controlling the assembly of the perijunctional cytoskeleton.
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Zeng S, Sun P, Chen Z, Mao J, Wang J, Wang B, Liu L. Association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in the ADD3 gene and susceptibility to biliary atresia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107977. [PMID: 25285724 PMCID: PMC4186752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Based on the results of previous studies, the ADD3 gene, located in the 10q24.2 region, may be a susceptibility gene of biliary atresia (BA). In this study, two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ADD3 gene, rs17095355 C/T and rs10509906 G/C, were selected to investigate whether there is an association between these SNPs and susceptibility to BA in a Chinese population. Methods A total of 752 Han Chinese (134 BA cases and 618 ethnically matched healthy controls) were included in the present study. The ADD3 gene polymorphisms were genotyped using a TaqMan genotyping assay. Results Positive associations were found for the SNP rs17095355 in the codominant model; specifically, the frequencies of the CT and TT genotypes and the T allele were higher in the cases than the controls, demonstrating a significant risk for BA (odds ratio [OR] = 1.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02–2.58; OR = 2.89, 95% CI = 1.72–4.86; and OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.34–2.29, respectively). Regarding rs10509906, the per-C-allele conferred an OR of 0.70 (95% CI = 0.49–1.00) under the additive model. A greater risk of BA was associated with the Ta-Gb (a for rs17095355 and b for rs10509906) haplotype (OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.27–2.61) compared with the Ca-Cb haplotype. Conclusion This study suggests that the ADD3 gene plays an important role in BA pathogenesis and reveals a significant association between two SNPs, rs17095355 and rs10509906, and BA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaidan Zeng
- Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical College, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical College, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zimin Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianxiong Mao
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianyao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (BW); (LL)
| | - Lei Liu
- Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical College, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (BW); (LL)
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Lechuga S, Baranwal S, Li C, Naydenov NG, Kuemmerle JF, Dugina V, Chaponnier C, Ivanov AI. Loss of γ-cytoplasmic actin triggers myofibroblast transition of human epithelial cells. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:3133-46. [PMID: 25143399 PMCID: PMC4196865 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-03-0815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Transdifferentiation of epithelial cells into mesenchymal cells and myofibroblasts plays an important role in tumor progression and tissue fibrosis. Such epithelial plasticity is accompanied by dramatic reorganizations of the actin cytoskeleton, although mechanisms underlying cytoskeletal effects on epithelial transdifferentiation remain poorly understood. In the present study, we observed that selective siRNA-mediated knockdown of γ-cytoplasmic actin (γ-CYA), but not β-cytoplasmic actin, induced epithelial-to-myofibroblast transition (EMyT) of different epithelial cells. The EMyT manifested by increased expression of α-smooth muscle actin and other contractile proteins, along with inhibition of genes responsible for cell proliferation. Induction of EMyT in γ-CYA-depleted cells depended on activation of serum response factor and its cofactors, myocardial-related transcriptional factors A and B. Loss of γ-CYA stimulated formin-mediated actin polymerization and activation of Rho GTPase, which appear to be essential for EMyT induction. Our findings demonstrate a previously unanticipated, unique role of γ-CYA in regulating epithelial phenotype and suppression of EMyT that may be essential for cell differentiation and tissue fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Lechuga
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Somesh Baranwal
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Nayden G Naydenov
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - John F Kuemmerle
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Vera Dugina
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Christine Chaponnier
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University Medical Center, University of Geneva, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Andrei I Ivanov
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298 Virginia Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298 VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298
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Jochim N, Gerhard R, Just I, Pich A. Time-resolved cellular effects induced by TcdA from Clostridium difficile. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2014; 28:1089-1100. [PMID: 24711272 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The anaerobe Clostridium difficile is a common pathogen that causes infection of the colon leading to diarrhea or pseudomembranous colitis. Its major virulence factors are toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB), which specifically inactivate small GTPases by glucosylation leading to reorganization of the cytoskeleton and finally to cell death. In the present work a quantitative proteome analysis using the isotope-coded protein label (ICPL) approach was conducted to investigate proteome changes in the colon cell line Caco-2 after treatment with recombinant wild-type TcdA (rTcdA-wt) or a glucosyltransferase-deficient mutant TcdA (rTcdA-mut). METHODS Proteins from crude cell lysates or cellular subfractions were identified by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS). Two time points (5 h, 24 h) of toxin treatment were analyzed and about 4000 proteins were identified in each case. RESULTS After 5 h treatment with rTcdA-wt, 150 proteins had a significantly altered abundance; rTcdA-mut caused regulation of 50 proteins at this time point. After 24 h treatment with rTcdA-wt changes in abundance of 61 proteins were observed, but no changes in protein abundance were detected after 24 h if cells were treated with rTcdA-mut. TcdA affected several proteins involved in signaling events, cytoskeleton and cell-cell contact organization, translation, and metabolic processes. The ICPL-dependent quantification was verified by label-free targeted MS techniques based on multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. CONCLUSIONS LC/MS-based proteome analyses and the ICPL approach revealed comprehensive and reproducible proteome date and provided new insights into the cellular effects of clostridial glucosylating toxins (CGT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelli Jochim
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Toxicology, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
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Rötzer V, Breit A, Waschke J, Spindler V. Adducin is required for desmosomal cohesion in keratinocytes. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:14925-40. [PMID: 24711455 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.527127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Adducin is a protein organizing the cortical actin cytoskeleton and a target of RhoA and PKC signaling. However, the role for intercellular cohesion is unknown. We found that adducin silencing induced disruption of the actin cytoskeleton, reduced intercellular adhesion of human keratinocytes, and decreased the levels of the desmosomal adhesion molecule desmoglein (Dsg)3 by reducing its membrane incorporation. Because loss of cell cohesion and Dsg3 depletion is observed in the autoantibody-mediated blistering skin disease pemphigus vulgaris (PV), we applied antibody fractions of PV patients. A rapid phosphorylation of adducin at serine 726 was detected in response to these autoantibodies. To mechanistically link autoantibody binding and adducin phosphorylation, we evaluated the role of several disease-relevant signaling molecules. Adducin phosphorylation at serine 726 was dependent on Ca(2+) influx and PKC but occurred independent of p38 MAPK and PKA. Adducin phosphorylation is protective, because phosphorylation-deficient mutants resulted in loss of cell cohesion and Dsg3 fragmentation. Thus, PKC elicits both positive and negative effects on cell adhesion, since its contribution to cell dissociation in pemphigus is well established. We additionally evaluated the effect of RhoA on adducin phosphorylation because RhoA activation was shown to block pemphigus autoantibody-induced cell dissociation. Our data demonstrate that the protective effect of RhoA activation was dependent on the presence of adducin and its phosphorylation at serine 726. These experiments provide novel mechanisms for regulation of desmosomal adhesion by RhoA- and PKC-mediated adducin phosphorylation in keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Rötzer
- From the Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich D-80336 and
| | - Andreas Breit
- the Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich D-80336, Germany
| | - Jens Waschke
- From the Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich D-80336 and
| | - Volker Spindler
- From the Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich D-80336 and
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