1
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Matoo S, Graves MJ, Choi MS, Idris RAES, Acharya P, Thapa G, Nguyen T, Atallah SY, Tipirneni AK, Stevenson PJ, Crawley SW. The microvillar protocadherin CDHR5 associates with EBP50 to promote brush border assembly. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar36. [PMID: 38170579 PMCID: PMC10916864 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-02-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Transporting epithelial cells of the gut and kidney interact with their luminal environment through a densely packed collection of apical microvilli known as a brush border (BB). Proper brush border assembly depends on the intermicrovillar adhesion complex (IMAC), a protocadherin-based adhesion complex found at the distal tips of microvilli that mediates adhesion between neighboring protrusions to promote their organized packing. Loss of the IMAC adhesion molecule Cadherin-related family member 5 (CDHR5) results in significant brush border defects, though the functional properties of this protocadherin have not been thoroughly explored. Here, we show that the cytoplasmic tail of CDHR5 contributes to its correct apical targeting and functional properties in an isoform-specific manner. Library screening identified the Ezrin-associated scaffolds EBP50 and E3KARP as cytoplasmic binding partners for CDHR5. Consistent with this, loss of EBP50 disrupted proper brush border assembly with cells exhibiting markedly reduced apical IMAC levels. Together, our results shed light on the apical targeting determinants of CDHR5 and further define the interactome of the IMAC involved in brush border assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Matoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606
| | - Maura J. Graves
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606
| | - Myoung Soo Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606
| | | | - Prashun Acharya
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606
| | - Garima Thapa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606
| | - Tram Nguyen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606
| | - Sarah Y. Atallah
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606
| | - Ashna K. Tipirneni
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606
| | | | - Scott W. Crawley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606
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2
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Ivanchenko MV, Hathaway DM, Klein AJ, Pan B, Strelkova O, De-la-Torre P, Wu X, Peters CW, Mulhall EM, Booth KT, Goldstein C, Brower J, Sotomayor M, Indzhykulian AA, Corey DP. Mini-PCDH15 gene therapy rescues hearing in a mouse model of Usher syndrome type 1F. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2400. [PMID: 37100771 PMCID: PMC10133396 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38038-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Usher syndrome type 1 F (USH1F), caused by mutations in the protocadherin-15 gene (PCDH15), is characterized by congenital deafness, lack of balance, and progressive blindness. In hair cells, the receptor cells of the inner ear, PCDH15 is a component of tip links, fine filaments which pull open mechanosensory transduction channels. A simple gene addition therapy for USH1F is challenging because the PCDH15 coding sequence is too large for adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors. We use rational, structure-based design to engineer mini-PCDH15s in which 3-5 of the 11 extracellular cadherin repeats are deleted, but which still bind a partner protein. Some mini-PCDH15s can fit in an AAV. An AAV encoding one of these, injected into the inner ears of mouse models of USH1F, produces a mini-PCDH15 which properly forms tip links, prevents the degeneration of hair cell bundles, and rescues hearing. Mini-PCDH15s may be a useful therapy for the deafness of USH1F.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel M Hathaway
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alex J Klein
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bifeng Pan
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olga Strelkova
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pedro De-la-Torre
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xudong Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cole W Peters
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric M Mulhall
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin T Booth
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Corey Goldstein
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Brower
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcos Sotomayor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Artur A Indzhykulian
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David P Corey
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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3
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Chatterjee P, Morgan CP, Krey JF, Benson C, Goldsmith J, Bateschell M, Ricci AJ, Barr-Gillespie PG. GIPC3 couples to MYO6 and PDZ domain proteins and shapes the hair cell apical region. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.28.530466. [PMID: 36909580 PMCID: PMC10002731 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.28.530466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
GIPC3 has been implicated in auditory function. Initially localized to the cytoplasm of inner and outer hair cells of the cochlea, GIPC3 increasingly concentrated in cuticular plates and at cell junctions during postnatal development. Early postnatal Gipc3 KO/KO mice had mostly normal mechanotransduction currents, but had no auditory brainstem response at one month of age. Cuticular plates of Gipc3 KO/KO hair cells did not flatten during development as did those of controls; moreover, hair bundles were squeezed along the cochlear axis in mutant hair cells. Junctions between inner hair cells and adjacent inner phalangeal cells were also severely disrupted in Gipc3 KO/KO cochleas. GIPC3 bound directly to MYO6, and the loss of MYO6 led to altered distribution of GIPC3. Immunoaffinity purification of GIPC3 from chicken inner ear extracts identified co-precipitating proteins associated with adherens junctions, intermediate filament networks, and the cuticular plate. Several of immunoprecipitated proteins contained GIPC-family consensus PDZ binding motifs (PBMs), including MYO18A, which binds directly to the PDZ domain of GIPC3. We propose that GIPC3 and MYO6 couple to PBMs of cytoskeletal and cell-junction proteins to shape the cuticular plate. Summary statement The PDZ-domain protein GIPC3 couples the molecular motors MYO6 and MYO18A to actin cytoskeleton structures in hair cells. GIPC3 is necessary for shaping the hair cell’s cuticular plate and hence the arrangement of the stereocilia in the hair bundle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paroma Chatterjee
- Oregon Hearing Research Center & Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Clive P. Morgan
- Oregon Hearing Research Center & Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jocelyn F. Krey
- Oregon Hearing Research Center & Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Connor Benson
- Oregon Hearing Research Center & Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jennifer Goldsmith
- Oregon Hearing Research Center & Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Michael Bateschell
- Oregon Hearing Research Center & Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Anthony J. Ricci
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA ss
| | - Peter G. Barr-Gillespie
- Oregon Hearing Research Center & Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Manuscript correspondence at
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4
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Halford J, Bateschell M, Barr-Gillespie PG. Ca 2+ entry through mechanotransduction channels localizes BAIAP2L2 to stereocilia tips. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:br6. [PMID: 35044843 PMCID: PMC9250357 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-10-0491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1-associated protein 2-like protein 2 (BAIAP2L2), a membrane-binding protein required for the maintenance of mechanotransduction in hair cells, is selectively retained at the tips of transducing stereocilia. BAIAP2L2 trafficked to stereocilia tips in the absence of EPS8, but EPS8 increased the efficiency of localization. A tripartite complex of BAIAP2L2, EPS8, and MYO15A formed efficiently in vitro, and these three proteins robustly targeted to filopodia tips when coexpressed in cultured cells. Mice lacking functional transduction channels no longer concentrated BAIAP2L2 at row 2 stereocilia tips, a result that was phenocopied by blocking channels with tubocurarine in cochlear explants. Transduction channels permit Ca2+ entry into stereocilia, and we found that membrane localization of BAIAP2L2 was enhanced in the presence of Ca2+. Finally, reduction of intracellular Ca2+ in hair cells using BAPTA-AM led to a loss of BAIAP2L2 at stereocilia tips. Taken together, our results show that a MYO15A-EPS8 complex transports BAIAP2L2 to stereocilia tips, and Ca2+ entry through open channels at row 2 tips retains BAIAP2L2 there.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Halford
- Oregon Hearing Research Center & Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Michael Bateschell
- Oregon Hearing Research Center & Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Peter G Barr-Gillespie
- Oregon Hearing Research Center & Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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5
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Sethna S, Scott PA, Giese APJ, Duncan T, Jian X, Riazuddin S, Randazzo PA, Redmond TM, Bernstein SL, Riazuddin S, Ahmed ZM. CIB2 regulates mTORC1 signaling and is essential for autophagy and visual function. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3906. [PMID: 34162842 PMCID: PMC8222345 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder. Although molecular mechanisms remain elusive, deficits in autophagy have been associated with AMD. Here we show that deficiency of calcium and integrin binding protein 2 (CIB2) in mice, leads to age-related pathologies, including sub-retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) deposits, marked accumulation of drusen markers APOE, C3, Aβ, and esterified cholesterol, and impaired visual function, which can be rescued using exogenous retinoids. Cib2 mutant mice exhibit reduced lysosomal capacity and autophagic clearance, and increased mTORC1 signaling-a negative regulator of autophagy. We observe concordant molecular deficits in dry-AMD RPE/choroid post-mortem human tissues. Mechanistically, CIB2 negatively regulates mTORC1 by preferentially binding to 'nucleotide empty' or inactive GDP-loaded Rheb. Upregulated mTORC1 signaling has been implicated in lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) cancer. Over-expressing CIB2 in LAM patient-derived fibroblasts downregulates hyperactive mTORC1 signaling. Thus, our findings have significant implications for treatment of AMD and other mTORC1 hyperactivity-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumil Sethna
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Patrick A Scott
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Arnaud P J Giese
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Todd Duncan
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell and Molecular Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiaoying Jian
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sheikh Riazuddin
- Allama Iqbal Medical College, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Paul A Randazzo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - T Michael Redmond
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell and Molecular Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steven L Bernstein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Saima Riazuddin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zubair M Ahmed
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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6
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Abstract
Filopodia, microvilli and stereocilia represent an important group of plasma membrane protrusions. These specialized projections are supported by parallel bundles of actin filaments and have critical roles in sensing the external environment, increasing cell surface area, and acting as mechanosensors. While actin-associated proteins are essential for actin-filament elongation and bundling in these protrusions, myosin motors have a surprising role in the formation and extension of filopodia and stereocilia and in the organization of microvilli. Actin regulators and specific myosins collaborate in controlling the length of these structures. Myosins can transport cargoes along the length of these protrusions, and, in the case of stereocilia and microvilli, interactions with adaptors and cargoes can also serve to anchor adhesion receptors to the actin-rich core via functionally conserved motor-adaptor complexes. This review highlights recent progress in understanding the diverse roles myosins play in filopodia, microvilli and stereocilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Houdusse
- Structural Motility, Institut Curie, Paris Université Sciences et Lettres, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR144, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Margaret A Titus
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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7
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Li J, Liu C, Zhao B. N-Terminus of GRXCR2 Interacts With CLIC5 and Is Essential for Auditory Perception. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:671364. [PMID: 34026762 PMCID: PMC8131845 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.671364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stereocilia of cochlear hair cells are specialized mechanosensing organelles that convert sound-induced vibration to electrical signals. Glutaredoxin domain-containing cysteine-rich protein 2 (GRXCR2) is localized at the base of stereocilia and is necessary for stereocilia morphogenesis and auditory perception. However, the detailed functions of GRXCR2 in hair cells are still largely unknown. Here, we report that GRXCR2 interacts with chloride intracellular channel protein 5 (CLIC5) which is also localized at the base of stereocilia and required for normal hearing in human and mouse. Immunolocalization analyses suggest that GRXCR2 is not required for the localization of CLIC5 to the stereociliary base during development, or vice versa. Using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 system, we deleted 60 amino acids near the N-terminus of GRXCR2 essential for its interaction with CLIC5. Interestingly, mice harboring this in-frame deletion in Grxcr2 exhibit moderate hearing loss at lower frequencies and severe hearing loss at higher frequencies although the morphogenesis of stereocilia is minimally affected. Thus, our findings reveal that the interaction between GRXCR2 and CLIC5 is crucial for normal hearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinan Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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8
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Ruijgrok PV, Ghosh RP, Zemsky S, Nakamura M, Gong R, Ning L, Chen R, Vachharajani VT, Chu AE, Anand N, Eguchi RR, Huang PS, Lin MZ, Alushin GM, Liphardt JT, Bryant Z. Optical control of fast and processive engineered myosins in vitro and in living cells. Nat Chem Biol 2021; 17:540-548. [PMID: 33603247 PMCID: PMC10807509 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-021-00740-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Precision tools for spatiotemporal control of cytoskeletal motor function are needed to dissect fundamental biological processes ranging from intracellular transport to cell migration and division. Direct optical control of motor speed and direction is one promising approach, but it remains a challenge to engineer controllable motors with desirable properties such as the speed and processivity required for transport applications in living cells. Here, we develop engineered myosin motors that combine large optical modulation depths with high velocities, and create processive myosin motors with optically controllable directionality. We characterize the performance of the motors using in vitro motility assays, single-molecule tracking and live-cell imaging. Bidirectional processive motors move efficiently toward the tips of cellular protrusions in the presence of blue light, and can transport molecular cargo in cells. Robust gearshifting myosins will further enable programmable transport in contexts ranging from in vitro active matter reconstitutions to microfabricated systems that harness molecular propulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul V Ruijgrok
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rajarshi P Ghosh
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Bio-X Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Cell Biology Division, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sasha Zemsky
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Program in Biophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Muneaki Nakamura
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rui Gong
- Laboratory of Structural Biophysics and Mechanobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lin Ning
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Robert Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Vipul T Vachharajani
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Program in Biophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alexander E Chu
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Program in Biophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Namrata Anand
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Raphael R Eguchi
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Po-Ssu Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Bio-X Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael Z Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Bio-X Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gregory M Alushin
- Laboratory of Structural Biophysics and Mechanobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jan T Liphardt
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Bio-X Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Cell Biology Division, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zev Bryant
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Bio-X Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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9
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Zhang Z, Denans N, Liu Y, Zhulyn O, Rosenblatt HD, Wernig M, Barna M. Optogenetic manipulation of cellular communication using engineered myosin motors. Nat Cell Biol 2021; 23:198-208. [PMID: 33526902 PMCID: PMC7880895 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-020-00625-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cells achieve highly efficient and accurate communication through cellular projections such as neurites and filopodia, yet there is a lack of genetically encoded tools that can selectively manipulate their composition and dynamics. Here, we present a versatile optogenetic toolbox of artificial multi-headed myosin motors that can move bidirectionally within long cellular extensions and allow for the selective transport of GFP-tagged cargo with light. Utilizing these engineered motors, we could transport bulky transmembrane receptors and organelles as well as actin remodellers to control the dynamics of both filopodia and neurites. Using an optimized in vivo imaging scheme, we further demonstrate that, upon limb amputation in axolotls, a complex array of filopodial extensions is formed. We selectively modulated these filopodial extensions and showed that they re-establish a Sonic Hedgehog signalling gradient during regeneration. Considering the ubiquitous existence of actin-based extensions, this toolbox shows the potential to manipulate cellular communication with unprecedented accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nicolas Denans
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Yingfei Liu
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Olena Zhulyn
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hannah D Rosenblatt
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marius Wernig
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Maria Barna
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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10
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Weck ML, Crawley SW, Tyska MJ. A heterologous in-cell assay for investigating intermicrovillar adhesion complex interactions reveals a novel protrusion length-matching mechanism. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:16191-16206. [PMID: 33051206 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Solute transporting epithelial cells build arrays of microvilli on their apical surface to increase membrane scaffolding capacity and enhance function potential. In epithelial tissues such as the kidney and gut, microvilli are length-matched and assembled into tightly packed "brush borders," which are organized by ∼50-nm thread-like links that form between the distal tips of adjacent protrusions. Composed of protocadherins CDHR2 and CDHR5, adhesion links are stabilized at the tips by a cytoplasmic tripartite module containing the scaffolds USH1C and ANKS4B and the actin-based motor MYO7B. Because several questions about the formation and function of this "intermicrovillar adhesion complex" remain open, we devised a system that allows one to study individual binary interactions between specific complex components and MYO7B. Our approach employs a chimeric myosin consisting of the MYO10 motor domain fused to the MYO7B cargo-binding tail domain. When expressed in HeLa cells, which do not normally produce adhesion complex proteins, this chimera trafficked to the tips of filopodia and was also able to transport individual complex components to these sites. Unexpectedly, the MYO10-MYO7B chimera was able to deliver CDHR2 and CDHR5 to distal tips in the absence of USH1C or ANKS4B. Cells engineered to localize high levels of CDHR2 at filopodial tips acquired interfilopodial adhesion and exhibited a striking dynamic length-matching activity that aligned distal tips over time. These findings deepen our understanding of mechanisms that promote the distal tip accumulation of intermicrovillar adhesion complex components and also offer insight on how epithelial cells minimize microvillar length variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith L Weck
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Scott W Crawley
- Department of Biology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthew J Tyska
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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11
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Bocanegra JL, Fujita BM, Melton NR, Cowan JM, Schinski EL, Tamir TY, Major MB, Quintero OA. The MyMOMA domain of MYO19 encodes for distinct Miro-dependent and Miro-independent mechanisms of interaction with mitochondrial membranes. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2020; 77:149-166. [PMID: 31479585 PMCID: PMC8556674 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
MYO19 interacts with mitochondria through a C-terminal membrane association domain (MyMOMA). Specific mechanisms for localization of MYO19 to mitochondria are poorly understood. Using promiscuous biotinylation data in combination with existing affinity-capture databases, we have identified a number of putative MYO19-interacting proteins. We chose to explore the interaction between MYO19 and the mitochondrial GTPase Miro2 by expressing mchr-Miro2 in combination with GFP-tagged fragments of the MyMOMA domain and assaying for recruitment of MYO19-GFP to mitochondria. Coexpression of MYO19898-970 -GFP with mchr-Miro2 enhanced MYO19898-970 -GFP localization to mitochondria. Mislocalizing Miro2 to filopodial tips or the cytosolic face of the nuclear envelope did not recruit MYO19898-970 -GFP to either location. To address the kinetics of the Miro2/MYO19 interaction, we used FRAP analysis and permeabilization-activated reduction in fluorescence analysis. MyMOMA constructs containing a putative membrane-insertion motif but lacking the Miro2-interacting region displayed slow exchange kinetics. MYO19898-970 -GFP, which does not include the membrane-insertion motif, displayed rapid exchange kinetics, suggesting that MYO19 interacting with Miro2 has higher mobility than MYO19 inserted into the mitochondrial outer membrane. Mutation of well-conserved, charged residues within MYO19 or within the switch I and II regions of Miro2 abolished the enhancement of MYO19898-970 -GFP localization in cells ectopically expressing mchr-Miro2. Additionally, expressing mutant versions of Miro2 thought to represent particular nucleotide states indicated that the enhancement of MYO19898-970 -GFP localization is dependent on Miro2 nucleotide state. Taken together, these data suggest that membrane-inserted MYO19 is part of a larger complex, and that Miro2 plays a role in integration of actin- and microtubule-based mitochondrial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - James M. Cowan
- Department of Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia
| | | | - Tigist Y. Tamir
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Michael B. Major
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Omar A. Quintero
- Department of Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia
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12
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Katsuno T, Belyantseva IA, Cartagena-Rivera AX, Ohta K, Crump SM, Petralia RS, Ono K, Tona R, Imtiaz A, Rehman A, Kiyonari H, Kaneko M, Wang YX, Abe T, Ikeya M, Fenollar-Ferrer C, Riordan GP, Wilson EA, Fitzgerald TS, Segawa K, Omori K, Ito J, Frolenkov GI, Friedman TB, Kitajiri SI. TRIOBP-5 sculpts stereocilia rootlets and stiffens supporting cells enabling hearing. JCI Insight 2019; 4:128561. [PMID: 31217345 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.128561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
TRIOBP remodels the cytoskeleton by forming unusually dense F-actin bundles and is implicated in human cancer, schizophrenia, and deafness. Mutations ablating human and mouse TRIOBP-4 and TRIOBP-5 isoforms are associated with profound deafness, as inner ear mechanosensory hair cells degenerate after stereocilia rootlets fail to develop. However, the mechanisms regulating formation of stereocilia rootlets by each TRIOBP isoform remain unknown. Using 3 new Triobp mouse models, we report that TRIOBP-5 is essential for thickening bundles of F-actin in rootlets, establishing their mature dimensions and for stiffening supporting cells of the auditory sensory epithelium. The coiled-coil domains of this isoform are required for reinforcement and maintenance of stereocilia rootlets. A loss of TRIOBP-5 in mouse results in dysmorphic rootlets that are abnormally thin in the cuticular plate but have increased widths and lengths within stereocilia cores, and causes progressive deafness recapitulating the human phenotype. Our study extends the current understanding of TRIOBP isoform-specific functions necessary for life-long hearing, with implications for insight into other TRIOBPopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Katsuno
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Inna A Belyantseva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexander X Cartagena-Rivera
- Section on Auditory Mechanics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Keisuke Ohta
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Shawn M Crump
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Ronald S Petralia
- Advanced Imaging Core, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kazuya Ono
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Risa Tona
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ayesha Imtiaz
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Atteeq Rehman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, Riken Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mari Kaneko
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, Riken Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ya-Xian Wang
- Advanced Imaging Core, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Takaya Abe
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, Riken Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Makoto Ikeya
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Cristina Fenollar-Ferrer
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gavin P Riordan
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Elisabeth A Wilson
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tracy S Fitzgerald
- Mouse Auditory Testing Core Facility, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kohei Segawa
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Omori
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Juichi Ito
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Thomas B Friedman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Shin-Ichiro Kitajiri
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
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13
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Tadenev ALD, Akturk A, Devanney N, Mathur PD, Clark AM, Yang J, Tarchini B. GPSM2-GNAI Specifies the Tallest Stereocilia and Defines Hair Bundle Row Identity. Curr Biol 2019; 29:921-934.e4. [PMID: 30827920 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The transduction compartment of inner ear hair cells, the hair bundle, is composed of stereocilia rows of graded height, a property essential for sensory function that remains poorly understood at the molecular level. We previously showed that GPSM2-GNAI is enriched at stereocilia distal tips and required for their postnatal elongation and bundle morphogenesis-two characteristics shared with MYO15A (short isoform), WHRN, and EPS8 proteins. Here we first performed a comprehensive genetic analysis of the mouse auditory epithelium to show that GPSM2, GNAI, MYO15A, and WHRN operate in series within the same pathway. To understand how these functionally disparate proteins act as an obligate complex, we then systematically analyzed their distribution in normal and mutant bundles over time. We discovered that WHRN-GPSM2-GNAI is an extra module recruited by and added to a pre-existing MYO15A-EPS8 stereocilia tip complex. This extended complex is only present in the first, tallest row, and is required to stabilize larger amounts of MYO15A-EPS8 than in shorter rows, which at tips harbor only MYO15A-EPS8. In the absence of GPSM2 or GNAI function, including in the epistatic Myo15a and Whrn mutants, bundles retain an embryonic-like organization that coincides with generic stereocilia at the molecular level. We propose that GPSM2-GNAI confers on the first row its unique tallest identity and participates in generating differential row identity across the hair bundle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anil Akturk
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | | | - Pranav Dinesh Mathur
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Anna M Clark
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, 20 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, 50 North Medical Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Basile Tarchini
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA; Department of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering (GSBSE), University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
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14
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Schrauwen I, Giese AP, Aziz A, Lafont DT, Chakchouk I, Santos-Cortez RLP, Lee K, Acharya A, Khan FS, Ullah A, Nickerson DA, Bamshad MJ, Ali G, Riazuddin S, Ansar M, Ahmad W, Ahmed ZM, Leal SM. FAM92A Underlies Nonsyndromic Postaxial Polydactyly in Humans and an Abnormal Limb and Digit Skeletal Phenotype in Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:375-386. [PMID: 30395363 PMCID: PMC6489482 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polydactyly is a common congenital anomaly of the hand and foot. Postaxial polydactyly (PAP) is characterized by one or more posterior or postaxial digits. In a Pakistani family with autosomal recessive nonsyndromic postaxial polydactyly type A (PAPA), we performed genomewide genotyping, linkage analysis, and exome and Sanger sequencing. Exome sequencing revealed a homozygous nonsense variant (c.478C>T, p.[Arg160*]) in the FAM92A gene within the mapped region on 8q21.13-q24.12 that segregated with the PAPA phenotype. We found that FAM92A is expressed in the developing mouse limb and E11.5 limb bud including the progress zone and the apical ectodermal ridge, where it strongly localizes at the cilia level, suggesting an important role in limb patterning. The identified variant leads to a loss of the FAM92A/Chibby1 complex that is crucial for ciliogenesis and impairs the recruitment and the colocalization of FAM92A with Chibby1 at the base of the cilia. In addition, we show that Fam92a-/- homozygous mice also exhibit an abnormal digit morphology, including metatarsal osteomas and polysyndactyly, in addition to distinct abnormalities on the deltoid tuberosity of their humeri. In conclusion, we present a new nonsyndromic PAPA ciliopathy due to a loss-of-function variant in FAM92A. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Schrauwen
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Arnaud Pj Giese
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Abdul Aziz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Computer Science and Bioinformatics, Khushal Khan Khattak University, Karak, Pakistan
| | | | - Imen Chakchouk
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Regie Lyn P Santos-Cortez
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kwanghyuk Lee
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anushree Acharya
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Falak Sher Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asmat Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Michael J Bamshad
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ghazanfar Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Saima Riazuddin
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Muhammad Ansar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zubair M Ahmed
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Suzanne M Leal
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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15
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ALS-Linked SOD1 Mutants Enhance Neurite Outgrowth and Branching in Adult Motor Neurons. iScience 2018; 11:294-304. [PMID: 30639851 PMCID: PMC6327879 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor neuron cell death. However, not all motor neurons are equally susceptible. Most of what we know about the surviving motor neurons comes from gene expression profiling; less is known about their functional traits. We found that resistant motor neurons cultured from SOD1 ALS mouse models have enhanced axonal outgrowth and dendritic branching. They also have an increase in the number and size of actin-based structures like growth cones and filopodia. These phenotypes occur in cells cultured from presymptomatic mice and mutant SOD1 models that do not develop ALS but not in embryonic motor neurons. Enhanced outgrowth and upregulation of filopodia can be induced in wild-type adult cells by expressing mutant SOD1. These results demonstrate that mutant SOD1 can enhance the regenerative capability of ALS-resistant motor neurons. Capitalizing on this mechanism could lead to new therapeutic strategies. Motor neurons from end-stage SOD1 ALS mice have enhanced neurite outgrowth/branching Increased outgrowth occurs only in adult neurons and is independent of ALS symptoms SOD1G93A adult motor neurons have larger growth cones and more axonal filopodia Acute SOD1G93A expression upregulates outgrowth in wild-type adult motor neurons
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16
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Yousaf R, Ahmed ZM, Giese AP, Morell RJ, Lagziel A, Dabdoub A, Wilcox ER, Riazuddin S, Friedman TB, Riazuddin S. Modifier variant of METTL13 suppresses human GAB1-associated profound deafness. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:1509-1522. [PMID: 29408807 DOI: 10.1172/jci97350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A modifier variant can abrogate the risk of a monogenic disorder. DFNM1 is a locus on chromosome 1 encoding a dominant suppressor of human DFNB26 recessive, profound deafness. Here, we report that DFNB26 is associated with a substitution (p.Gly116Glu) in the pleckstrin homology domain of GRB2-associated binding protein 1 (GAB1), an essential scaffold in the MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase/HGF (MET/HGF) pathway. A dominant substitution (p.Arg544Gln) of METTL13, encoding a predicted methyltransferase, is the DFNM1 suppressor of GAB1-associated deafness. In zebrafish, human METTL13 mRNA harboring the modifier allele rescued the GAB1-associated morphant phenotype. In mice, GAB1 and METTL13 colocalized in auditory sensory neurons, and METTL13 coimmunoprecipitated with GAB1 and SPRY2, indicating at least a tripartite complex. Expression of MET-signaling genes in human lymphoblastoid cells of individuals homozygous for p.Gly116Glu GAB1 revealed dysregulation of HGF, MET, SHP2, and SPRY2, all of which have reported variants associated with deafness. However, SPRY2 was not dysregulated in normal-hearing humans homozygous for both the GAB1 DFNB26 deafness variant and the dominant METTL13 deafness suppressor, indicating a plausible mechanism of suppression. Identification of METTL13-based modification of MET signaling offers a potential therapeutic strategy for a wide range of associated hearing disorders. Furthermore, MET signaling is essential for diverse functions in many tissues including the inner ear. Therefore, identification of the modifier of MET signaling is likely to have broad clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Yousaf
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zubair M Ahmed
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Arnaud Pj Giese
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert J Morell
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ayala Lagziel
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alain Dabdoub
- Laboratory of Cochlear Development, NIDCD, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Edward R Wilcox
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sheikh Riazuddin
- Allama Iqbal Medical College, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.,Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Thomas B Friedman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Saima Riazuddin
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Allama Iqbal Medical College, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.,Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
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17
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Choo DI, Tawfik KO, Martin DM, Raphael Y. Inner ear manifestations in CHARGE: Abnormalities, treatments, animal models, and progress toward treatments in auditory and vestibular structures. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2017; 175:439-449. [PMID: 29082607 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The inner ear contains the sensory organs for hearing and balance. Both hearing and balance are commonly affected in individuals with CHARGE syndrome (CS), an autosomal dominant condition caused by heterozygous pathogenic variants in the CHD7 gene. Semicircular canal dysplasia or aplasia is the single most prevalent feature in individuals with CHARGE leading to deficient gross motor skills and ambulation. Identification of CHD7 as the major gene affected in CHARGE has enabled acceleration of research in this field. Great progress has been made in understanding the role of CHD7 in the development and function of the inner ear, as well as in related organs such as the middle ear and auditory and vestibular neural pathways. The goals of current research on CHD7 and CS are to (a) improve our understanding of the pathology caused by CHD7 pathogenic variants and (b) to provide better tools for prognosis and treatment. Current studies utilize cells and whole animals, from flies to mammals. The mouse is an excellent model for exploring mechanisms of Chd7 function in the ear, given the evolutionary conservation of ear structure, function, Chd7 expression, and similarity of mutant phenotypes between mice and humans. Newly recognized developmental functions for mouse Chd7 are shedding light on how abnormalities in CHD7 might lead to CS symptoms in humans. Here we review known human inner ear phenotypes associated with CHD7 pathogenic variants and CS, summarize progress toward diagnosis and treatment of inner ear-related pathologies, and explore new avenues for treatment based on basic science discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel I Choo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Kareem O Tawfik
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Donna M Martin
- Departments of Pediatrics, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Human Genetics, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yehoash Raphael
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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18
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Morgan CP, Krey JF, Grati M, Zhao B, Fallen S, Kannan-Sundhari A, Liu XZ, Choi D, Müller U, Barr-Gillespie PG. PDZD7-MYO7A complex identified in enriched stereocilia membranes. eLife 2016; 5:e18312. [PMID: 27525485 PMCID: PMC5005036 DOI: 10.7554/elife.18312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
While more than 70 genes have been linked to deafness, most of which are expressed in mechanosensory hair cells of the inner ear, a challenge has been to link these genes into molecular pathways. One example is Myo7a (myosin VIIA), in which deafness mutations affect the development and function of the mechanically sensitive stereocilia of hair cells. We describe here a procedure for the isolation of low-abundance protein complexes from stereocilia membrane fractions. Using this procedure, combined with identification and quantitation of proteins with mass spectrometry, we demonstrate that MYO7A forms a complex with PDZD7, a paralog of USH1C and DFNB31. MYO7A and PDZD7 interact in tissue-culture cells, and co-localize to the ankle-link region of stereocilia in wild-type but not Myo7a mutant mice. Our data thus describe a new paradigm for the interrogation of low-abundance protein complexes in hair cell stereocilia and establish an unanticipated link between MYO7A and PDZD7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clive P Morgan
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, United States
| | - Jocelyn F Krey
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, United States
| | - M'hamed Grati
- Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, United States
| | - Bo Zhao
- Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Shannon Fallen
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, United States
| | | | - Xue Zhong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, United States
| | - Dongseok Choi
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, United States
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ulrich Müller
- Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Peter G Barr-Gillespie
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, United States
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